A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites

732 • smithsonian contributions to botany
Common Names: Shaggy crabgrass (Bahamas), Pata de gallina enana
(Puerto Rico).
References: 3, 5, 10, 45, 131, 150, 151, 254, 299.
Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 229. 1827.
Paspalum chinense Nees in W.J. Hooker & G.A.W. Arnott, Bot.
Beechey Voy. 231. 1841; Syntherisma chinense (Nees) Hitchc.,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 468. 1922.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Dominica), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 45, 61, 150, 254, 299.
Dimorphostachys langei E. Fourn. = Paspalum langei (E. Fourn.) Nash
Dinebra repens Kunth = Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn.
Diplachne domingensis (Jacq.) Chapm. = Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv.
Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P. Beauv. = Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth
subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N.W. Snow
Distichlis littoralis (Engelm.) H.L. Bell & Columbus, Syst. Bot. 33:
548. 2008; Monanthochloe littoralis Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St.
Louis 1: 437. 1859.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, United States (FL), and
Mexico.
Common Name: Shoregrass (Bahamas).
References: 3, 10, 45, 150, 151, 246, 298.
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 415. 1887;
Uniola spicata L., Sp. Pl. 71. 1753.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
United States, Mexico, and South America.
Common Name: Seashore salt-grass (Bahamas).
References: 3, 4, 5, 10, 45, 246, 295, 298.
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209. 1833; Panicum
colonum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 870. 1759.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (Anegada, St. Croix, St.
John, St. Thomas, Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Antigua, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nevis,
Saba, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba,
Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United States, Central America, and
South America; native to tropical Asia.
Common Names: Jungle rice (Bahamas), Armilán, Buche de guanajo,
Grama pintada, Mete bravo, Pico de paloma (Cuba), Barba de
indio, Grama, Pata de cotorra, Pata de guanajo, Tilo, Tilo blanco,
Tito, Tito blanco (Dominican Republic), Arrocillo, Arroz del
monte, Grama pintada (Puerto Rico), Jungle rice (Virgin Islands).
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 19, 30, 45, 61, 123, 131, 132, 254, 295, 299,
323, 340, 479.
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 169.
1812; Panicum crus-galli L., Sp. Pl. 56. 1753.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Lesser
Antilles (Guadeloupe), and United States; native to Old World.
Common Names: Barnyard grass (Bahamas), Arrocillo, Pata de cao
(Cuba).
References: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 30, 45, 61, 160, 299, 383.
Note: Cited by Britton & Wilson (61) and Liogier & Martorell (6) for
Puerto Rico. However, specimens identified as this are all referable
to Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult. fide Axelrod (160).
Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult., Mant. 2: 269. 1824;
Oplismenus crus-pavonis Kunth in F.W.H.A. von Humboldt,
A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 108.
1816.
Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 147. 1833; Panicum
jamaicense (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 257. 1841.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Trinidad, United States, Mexico,
Central America, and South America; native to Old World.
Common Name: Arrocillo (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 150, 151, 246, 254, 299.
Echinochloa cubensis (Spreng.) Schult. = Oplismenus hirtellus (L.)
P. Beauv. subsp. hirtellus
Echinochloa guadeloupensis (Hack.) Wiegand = Echinochloa
pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase
Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22:
135. 1920, var. polystachya; Oplismenus polystachyus Kunth in
F.W.H.A. von Humboldt, A.J.A. Bonpland & C.S. Kunth, Nov.
Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 107. 1816.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Martinique, St. Lucia), Tobago, Mexico, and
South America.
Common Names: Hierba de corzo (Cuba), Yerba del río (Puerto Rico).
References: 1, 2, 3, 30, 61, 131, 151, 254, 299.
Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. var. spectabilis (Nees ex
Trin.) Mart. Crov., Revista Argent. Agron. 9: 318. 1942; Panicum
spectabile Nees ex Trin., Gram. Panic. 138. 1826; Echinochloa
spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209. 1833.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(St. Lucia, Martinique), United States, and South America.
References: 3, 5, 151, 254, 299.
Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl.
Herb. 18: 345. 1917.
Echinochloa guadeloupensis (Hack.) Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 63. 1921;
Panicum spectabile Nees ex Trin. var. guadeloupense Hack.,
Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 328. 1897.
Distribution: Exotic in Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, St. Lucia), Mexico,
Central America, and South America; native to Africa.
References: 1, 151, 156, 159, 299.
Echinochloa spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Link = Echinochloa polystachya
(Kunth) Hitchc. var. spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Mart. Crov.
Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 171.
1812.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa, tropical Asia, and
Malesia.
References: 159, 252, 299, 532.
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl., ed. 2, 21.
1900; Panicum walteri Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 66-67. 1814
[“1813”].
Distribution: Native to Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica,
United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 2, 3, 4, 159, 246, 254, 299.
*Ekmanochloa aristata Hitchc., Man. Grasses W. Ind. 377. 1936.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 10, 39, 246, 297, 320.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
*Ekmanochloa subaphylla Hitchc., Man. Grasses W. Ind. 375. 1936.
Distribution: Endemic to Cuba.
References: 3, 10, 39, 246, 297.
Note: Considered endangered by the Red List of the Vascular Flora of
Cuba (39).
Eleusine domingensis (Jacq.) Pers. = Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv.
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 7. 1788; Cynosurus
indicus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 1753.
Eleusine domingensis Sieber ex Schult., Mant. 2: 323. 1824.