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doqtoranta forumigegmiT unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli erTi an ramdenime saerTaSoriso danaSaulisCadena, Tumca am gegmis arseboba danaSaulis Cadenamde arcaa aucilebeli, is SeiZlebaspontanuric iyos. misi arseboba ukve gulisxmobs ramdenime adamianis TanamSromlobas,rasac mohyveba danaSaulebrivi Sedegi. 13iugoslaviis tribunalis precedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, jgufuri danaSaulissami kategoria arsebobs:1) ZiriTadi forma;2) sistematuri forma;3) gangrZobiTi forma.I kategoria moicavs adamianTa jgufis mier garkveuli gegmis Sesabamisad CadenildanaSaulebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia saerTaSoriso samarTlis mier. am SemTxvevaSiyvela monawile moqmedebs saerTo ganzraxviT da Tanabrad agebs pasuxs CadenilidanaSaulisaTvis.II kategoria moicavs e.w. sakoncentracio banakebis saqmeebs, sadac danaSaulebiCadenilia samxedro da adaministraciuli personalis mier. iugoslaviis tribunalisprecedentuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulSi monawile pirma icis sistemisdanaSaulebrivi xasiaTi da moqmedebs misi gagrZelebis ganzraxviT.III kategoria, anu gangrZobiTi forma gulisxmobs erT-erTi Tanamonawilis mierarsebuli gegmidan gadaxvevas.zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, pirveli ori kategoriis dros adamianTa jgufimoqmedebs winaswar arsebuli gegmis Sesabamisad, xolo mesame kategoriis dros xdebagegmis CarCoebidan gadaxveva erT-erTi monawilis mier. im dros, rodesac actus reusSeiZleba erTnairi iyos jgufuri danaSaulis samive kategoriisaTvis, es kategoriebierTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba `mens reasTan~ (mens rea) mimarTebaSi.danaSaulis jgufuri amsrulebloba moicavs or elements: àmsruleblobas” da`sxvasTan erTad”. aqedan gamomdianre, is moicavs rogorc obieqtur, aseve, subieqturelements. obieqturi elementi gulisxmobs danaSaulis amsruleblobaSi fizikuriwvlilis Setanas, xolo subieqturi elementi – danaSaulis amsrulebelTaTanamSromlobas, romelsac SeiZleba ewodos garkveuli gegma. 14 vidre Camoyalibulaam ZiriTadi elementebis amomwuravi ganmarteba, maTi interpretacia gansxvavdebasxvadasxva erovnul samarTlebriv sistemebSi.romis statutis 25-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Cadena moicavsjgufur amsruleblobas da iTvaliswinebs umaRles individualur sisxlis samarTlebrivpasuxismgeblobas. danaSaulis jgufuri amsruleblobis dros aucilebelia àqtusreusisa~ (actus reus) da `mens reas~ (mens rea) arseboba, rac ganapirobebs danaSaulisjgufuri amsruleblobis sxvadasxva elementis interpretacias, romelic Zalzedgansxvavdeba ad hoc tribunalebis precedentuli samarTlisagan.danaSaulis jgufuri amsruleblobis àqtus reusi~ (actus reus) gulisxmobsadamianTa simravles, gegmis arsebobas, romlis Tanaxmadac unda iqnes CadenilisaerTaSoriso danaSauli da gegmis gansaxorcieleblad daxmarebis gaweva. rac Seexeba13Judgment, Tadic (IT-94-1-A), Appeals Chamber, 15 July 1999, paragraph 22714Werle G., Individual Criminal Responsibility in Article 25 ICC Statute, “Journal of International CriminalJustice~, 2007, p. 95894
marTlmsajuleba, 2008, #3mens rea-s, yvela Tanaamsrulebeli unda moqmedebdes mentaluri elementis daxmarebiT.Tu SevadarebT iugoslaviis tribunalis mixedviT gansazRvrul jgufuri danaSauliskoncefcias, Tanaamsrulebelis pasuxismgeblobis zRvari SedarebiT ufro viwroaactus reus-sa da mens rea-s TvalsazrisiT.Tu piri iyenebs meore adamians, rogorc danaSaulis CadenisaTvis saWiro iaraRs,mas ekisreba pasuxismgebloba romis statutis 25-e muxlis mesame punqtis à”qvepunqtis Tanaxmad. amgvari amsrulebloba aRiarebulia msoflios TiTqmis yvelaZiriTadi samarTlebrivi sistemis mier, Tumca manamde, sanam romis statuti SevidodaZalaSi, am saxis monawileoba ar regulirdeboda arc saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTliTda arc saerTaSoriso sasamarTloebis mier.statutis 25-e muxlis me-3 punqtis à” qvepunqtis Sesabamisad, pirdapiriamsruleblis sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba damoukidebelia imisgan, arisTu ara sxva piri pasuxismgebeli. am normis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleba iyos pasuxismgebeliCadenili danaSaulisaTvis maSinac ki, rodesac danaSaulis uSualo Camden pirs arekisreba pasuxismgebloba, magaliTad, Tu uSualo amsrulebeli ar aris srulwlovani.es norma gulisxmobs `damnaSave damnaSavis ukan” koncefcias, romlis Tanaxmadac,uSualo amsrulebeli SeiZleba manipulirebadi iyos sxva piris mier. es doqtrinaiqna gamoyenebuli germaniis uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier 1961-1989 wlebSi germaniisfarglebSi momxdari mkvlelobebisaTvis.sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos statuti ar akonkretebs daudevrobiTCadenili danaSaulisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis arsebobas. romis statutis proeqtimoicavda amgvar normebs, magram arc erTi maTgani ar iqna Setanili statutissaboloo variantSi, vinaidan saxelmwifoebi, kerZod ki safrangeTi kategoriuladwinaaRmdegi iyo daudevrobisaTvis zogadi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisa.miuxedavad amisa, eWvgareSea, rom garkveuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT umniSvnelodaudevrobas SeiZleba mohyves uamravi saerTaSoriso danaSauli. erT-erT magaliTswarmoadgens romis statutis 28-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli zemdgomis pasuxismgebloba:sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels am SemTxvevaSi warmoadgenssaerTaSoriso danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis warumatebloba (SesaZleblobis uqonloba).iugoslaviisa da ruandis tribunalebis precedentuli samarTlis mier gansazRvruliqna, rom pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba dadges daudevrobis SemTxvevaSic. es normebiarsebobs CveulebiT samarTalSi. rac Seexeba saxelSekrulebo samarTals, Jeneviskonvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis 86-e muxlis Sesabamisad, `maRalma xelSemkvrelmada konfliqtis monawile mxareebma unda aRkveTon mZime darRvevebi, miiRon yvelaaucilebeli zoma konvenciebis an am oqmis yvela sxva darRvevis aRsakveTad, romelicsavaldebulo moqmedebis Seusruleblobis Sedegia.” 15 niurnbergis Semdgomma procesebmaaseve aRiara daudevrobisaTvis sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. sabolooddaudevrobisaTvis pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba kvalificirebul iqnes rogorc zogadisamarTlis principi, vinaidan SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze gairkva, rom safrangeTissamarTlis garda yvela sxva samarTlebrivi kulturebi cnoben aseT pasuxismgeblobas. 16151949 wlis Jenevis konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmi, 1979, muxli 86-e;16Duttwiler M., Liability for Omission in International Criminal Law, “ International Criminal Law Review”,2006, p.30.95
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