`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT~ msoflio moxseneba Temaze - Unicef

msoflio moxseneba Temaze`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT~paulo serxio pineirogaeros damoukidebeli eqspertigeneraluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvleva bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb

msoflio moxseneba Temaze`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT~paulo serxio pineirogaeros damoukidebeli eqspertigeneraluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxebgamoqveynebulia gaeros miergeneraluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb

winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli miTiTebebi da masala ar aris gamiznuligamoxatos gaeros an regionuli konsultantebis Sexedulebebi romelime qveynis,qalaqis, teritoriis, raionis an maTi xelmZRvanelobis samarTlebrivi statusisa TumaTi sazRvrebis Sesaxeb.kvlevis samdivno miesalmeba am wignis xelaxali gamocemis (nawilobriv an mTlianad)an Targmnis nebismier moTxovnas. gancxadebebiTa da moTxovnebiT mimarTeT adamianisuflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofiss, gaeros bavSvTa fonds da janmrTelobis msoflioorganizacias, romlebic siamovnebiT mogawvdian uaxles informacias teqstSi Setanilicvlilebebis Sesaxeb.momzadebulia gaeros gamomcemlobebisa (gaero, Jeneva)da “Services Concept”-is mier (www.services-concept.ch)am wignis naxva aseve SesaZlebelia Semdeg vebgverdebze:http://www.violencestudy.orghttp://www.ohchr.orghttp://www.unicef.orghttp://www.who.int

sarCevimadlobebiwinasityvaobaSesavaliarasamTavrobo organizaciebis sakonsultacio komisiis gzavnilimoTxovna: bolo movuRoT Zaladobas bavSvebis mimarTVXIXIIIXVXVIII1. bolo movuRoT Zaladobas bavSvebis mimarT 1Sesavali 3realuri cvlilebebi 5gamosavali aris prevencia 6globaluri problema 7principebi da rekomendaciebi 18sayovelTao rekomendaciebi 19ganxorcieleba da Semdgomi RonisZiebebi 27gamoyenebuli literatura 292. Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTasaerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi 33Sesavali 35bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 36sisxlis samarTlis, humanitaruli, ltolvilTada Sromis saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba 41adamianis uflebaTa regionuli sistemebi 42arasavaldebulo dokumentebi 43gamoyenebuli literatura 473. bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi 51Sesavali 53adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi dokumentebi 54zogadi mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba 56problemis xasiaTi da masStabi 56bavSvebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobis Sedegebi 70Zaladobis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi 75reagireba bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi 82rekomendaciebi 108gamoyenebuli literatura 1104. Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi 125Sesavali 127adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi instrumentebi 130zogadi mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba 131problemis xasiaTi da masStabi 132skolaSi Zaladobis zegavlena 146III

madlobebibavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT msoflio moxsenebis Seqmnas Zaliandaexmara mravali dawesebuleba da megobari. minda madliereba gamovxato im uamraviorganizaciis, eqspertis, avtoris, recenzentis, mrCevlis, konsultantis, moxalisis,internisa da kvlevis samdivnos mimarT, romelTa wvlilma da Zalisxmevamac gaxadaSesaZlebeli am wignis gamocema.sakoordinacio komitetikvlevis sami sakoordinacio organizaciaa: adamianis uflebebis umaRlesi komisrisofisi, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (iunisefi) da janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia. amorganizaciebis moqmedi Tu yofili xelmZRvanelebi arian: luiz arburi _ gaerosadamianis uflebebis umeRlesi komisari; meri robinsoni, Semdeg _ serjio vieira demelo da mer xan uiliamsi _ adamianis uflebebis umaRlesi komisris moadgileebi,en m. venemani _ iunisefis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, kerol belami, rima salahi _aRmasrulebeli direqtoris moadgile, Semdeg _ li iong-voki, janmrTelobis msoflioorganizaciis yofili generaluri direqtori; anders nordStromi, moqmedi generaluridireqtori da katrin le gale-kamiu, generaluri direqtoris TanaSemwe.Vaseve madlobas vuxdi am organizaciebis TanamSromlebs, kerZod: kerin luks, kristaoinonens da maia andriaseviC-bokos adamianis uflebaTa umeRlesi komisris ofisidan;gopalan balagopals, stela Sumaxers da andres guereros iunisefidan; aleqsanderbuTxarts da elison fini harveis janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciidan.adamianis uflebaTa dacvasTan dakavSirebuli SeTanxmebebis Sesrulebismakontrolebeli uwyebebi da meqanizmebibavSvis uflebebis komitetis wevrebi, adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebuliSeTanxmebebis Sesrulebis makontrolebeli sxva uwyebebi da Cemi kolegebiuflebamosili iyvnen gaetarebinaT adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sabWos (da adamianisuflebaTa dacvis yofili komisiis) specialuri proceduruli meqanizmebi.aseve madlobas movaxseneb adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi momuSave saxelmwifodawesebulebebs, ombudsmenebsa da bavSvTa uflebebis komisrebs.gaeros sxva uwyebebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebizemoaRniSnuls emateba bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze momuSave saagentoTaSorisojgufi – gaeros ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizacia (UNESCO), kerZod,linda kingi da paolo fontani; Sromis saerTaSoriso ofisi (ILO); gaeros ltolvilTaumaRlesi komisris ofisi (UNHCR), kerZod, ngonlarje mbaijoli, ron pauelsi, eva

aleni da kristof biervirTi; narkotikebisa da danaSaulis gaeros ofisi (UNODC),kerZod, sumru noiani da ana giudisi; gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP); gaerosaiv/Sidsis erToblivi programa (UNAIDS); gaeros sajaro informaciis departamenti(UNDPI); gaeros sainformacio samsaxuri, qalTa winsvlis ganyofileba (DAW); gaerosmosaxleobis fondi (UNFPA); gaeros ganviTarebis fondi qalTaTvis (UNIFEM); gaerosfondi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisTvis (UNFIP), kerZod, kimberli gembl-peine;gaeros humanitarul saqmeTa sakoordinacio ofisi (UNOCHA); iunisefis kvleviTicentri «Innocenti»; msoflio banki; saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiri; wiTeli jvrissaerTaSoriso komiteti; indoeTis okeanis auzis qveynebis dakvirvebis centri;evrokomisiis programa «Daphne».saredaqcio kolegia:VISirin aumirudi-Cifra, nensi baroni, jo bekeri, suzan biseli, aleqsander butxarti,nensi kardia, jein konorsi, jaap doeki, amaia gilespi, savitri gunesekere, hani iahshani,maria franciska ize-Carini, etien krugi, kerin landgreni, Sarlot maklein-nhlapo, jimmersi, piter niueli, elison fini harvei, frans roselersi, marta santos-paisi.mowveuli eqspertebi:asefa bekuele, rane birte lundi, mo de boer-bukikio, anes jilani, muSira xatabi, Tokomajokveni, vitit muntarbhorni, filip obrieni, xuan migel petiti.avtorebi, romlebmac wvlili Seitanes naSromSi:kevin brouni, fatuma Cege, luk daudni, aleqsander faifi, debora gorman-smiti, CangumanaToko, klaudia mitCeli, karmen madrinani da debora muiri, monsef moala, ioSinoguCi, teia valandingami da mravali sxva saerTaSoriso mimomxilveli.gamocemaze muSaobdnen:megi bleki _ wamyvani avtori; endriu uilsoni _ mwerali da redaqtori; stuartadamsi _ avtoris TanaSemwe; en Sreier-oduari _ redaqtori; miSel sigeli da misiTanamSromlebi iunisefidan _ dizaini; sofi kombeti da `Services-Concept~ _ dizaini dadakabadoneba.kvlevis konsultantTa jgufigereT jonsi (wamyveni eqsperti), patrik belseri, Jeru bilimoria, joan diuranti,miSel de koki, miSel diuni, klaudia garsia moreno, henrika ianseni, Cen jinkvi, jekjonsi, ingrid leverseni, bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobisa da maTi ugulebelyofiswinaaRmdeg bavSvTa dacvis saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba BbavSvTa mimarT Zaladobisa daugulebelyofis prevenciis saerTaSoriso organizacia (ISPCAN), doris ma fati, dipaknakeri, sami nevala, lin rili, odrun samdali, kenji Sibuia.

aseve minda madliereba gamovTqva im mxardaWerisTvis, romelic miviRe 2003-2006 wlebSibraziliis san-paulus universitetis Zaladobis Semswavleli centridan, NEV/CEPID/USP, da san-paulus kvlevaTa mxardamWeri saxelmwifo fondidan (FAPESP). aseve ConselhoNacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológica (CNPq)-dan, Centre de Recherches surle Brésil Contemporain (CRBC)-dan; École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Maisondes Sciennces de l’Homme-dan, parizis Chaire Brésilienne de Sciences Sociales SérgioBuarque de Holande-dan da uatsonis saerTaSoriso mecnierebaTa institutidan, braunisuniversiteti, aSS.donorebibelgiis, kanadis, fineTis, safrangeTis, germaniis, luqsemburgis, monakos, norvegiis,SvedeTis da gaerTianebuli samefos mTavrobebi.partniorebi kerZo seqtoridan _ fondi `Oak Foundation~, `The Body Shop~, `MicrosoftCorporation~.regionuli mmarTvelobisa da dagegmvis cxra komiteti da maspinZelimTavrobebi regionuli, qveregionuli da erovnuli konsultaciebisaTvislaTinuri amerikis regionuli konsultacia, buenos-airesi, argentinaCrdiloeT amerikis regionuli konsultacia, toronto, kanadaaxlo aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeT afrikis regionuli konsultacia, kairo, egviptewynari okeanis auzis qveynebis qveregionuli konsultacia, suva, fijiindoeTis okeanis auzis qveynebis qveregionuli sakonsultacio organizaciadasavleT da centraluri afrikis regionuli konsultacia, bamako, malisamxreT aziis regionuli konsultacia, islamabadi, pakistanievropisa da centraluri aziis regionuli konsultacia, liubliana, sloveniaaRmosavleT da samxreT afrikis regionuli konsultacia, iohanesburgi, samxreT afrikaaRmosavleT aziisa da wynari okeanis auzis qveynebis regionuli konsultacia, bangkoki,tailandikaribis auzis qveynebis regionuli konsultacia, port-ov-speini, trinidadi da tobagoVII

egionuli organizaciebiafrikis gaerTianeba, kerZod, `afrikel eqspertTa komiteti bavSvis uflebebisa dakeTildReobisTvis~; karibis zRvis auzis qveynebis sazogadoeba (CARICOM); evropissabWo, kerZod, sabWos generaluri mdivnis moadgile da evropis komisari adamianTadacvis sakiTxebSi; evrokavSiri; arab saxelmwifoTa liga; amerikul saxelmwifoTaorganizacia, kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli komisia da regionuliTanamSromlobis samxreT aziis asociacia.bavSvebi da axalgazrdebibavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da is xalxi, vinc exmareba axalgazrdebs, Tavidanve CaerTnenkvlevis procesSi. maTi wvlili, imedi, Zala da energia gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia, raTamaTi gzavnili, romelic Zalze mniSvnelovania Semdgomi TaobebisTvis, momavalSicxmamaRla da mkafiod ismodes.VIIIgaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevis _ Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT _arasamTavrobo organizaciebisagan Semdgari sakonsultacio sabWojo bekeri (TanaTavmjdomare), Human Rights Watch; melani gou (TanaTavmjdomare), WorldVision International, avstralia; meri belofi, `bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis problemebissamarTlebrivi da socialuri kvlevebis centri~, argentina; kerol lin boueri,`bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobisa da maTi ugulebelyofis winaaRmdeg mimarTuliZalisxmeva~ (RAPCAN), samxreTi afrika; luk daudni, viva rio, brazilia; jozef gaTia,`bavSvTa Sromis Semswavleli centri~, indoeTi; diliana giteva, `adamianis uflebaTadacvis proeqti~, bulgareTi; stiuart hari, `saskolo fsiqologiis saerTaSorisoasociacia~ (ISPA), da `bavSvTa uflebebisa da ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso instituti~(IICRD), aSS; severin jakomi, orientirebuli bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciissakiTxebze, Sveicaria; elizabeT jaregi, `bavSvTa gadarCenis saerTaSoriso aliansi~,norvegia, doqtor hason kasem xani, `iemenis fsiqologiuri asociacia~, iemeni; elenmuraviev-apostoli, `socialur muSakTa saerTaSoriso federacia~, Sveicaria; najatmjidi, BAYTI, maroko; virjinia murilio ferera, `bavSvTa saerTaSoriso dacva~,kosta-rika; piter niueli, `globaluri iniciativa, mimarTuli bavSvTa fizikuridasjis aRkveTisken~, gaerTianebuli samefo; mili odhiambo, `bavSvTa uflebebissakonsultacio da iuridiuli centri~ (CRADLE), kenia; anastasia pinto, organizaciulikvlevebisa da ganaTlebis centri `mkvidri mosaxleobis _ bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebismsoflio koalicia~, indoeTi; elizabeT protacio de kastro, `fsiqsocialuritramvebisa da adamianis uflebaTa programa~, `integraciuli da ganviTarebiskvlevaTa centri~, filipinebis universiteti, filipinebi; rakeS rajani, haki elimu,tanzania; marselina miani, kimberli svevo, barbara boneri (ISOCAN); vaSeila saiti,`unarSezRudul bavSvTa problemebis Semswavleli samuSao jgufi~, samxreT afrika; diksobsi, `saerTaSoriso monawileoba~, `sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis kanadis asociacia~,

unarSezRuduli adamianebis ganviTarebis centri «JP Das» alberis universiteti,kanada; liliana ines toio, `iusiticiisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis centri~ (CEJIL),brazilia; mari uernhami, `quCis bavSvTa konsorciumi~, gaerTianebuli samefo.sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da akademiuridawesebulebebiveronika ieitesi, izabel guitardi da jeni Tomasi _ bavSvTa uflebebis sainformacioqseli; lena karlsoni, roberta kekCeti, ravi karkara da Save the Children-isTanamSromlebi; iunisefis nacionaluri komiteti; desmond runiani (ISOCAN); karmenmadrinani, `bavSvTa prostituciis, pornografiisa da trefikingis winaaRmdeg mebrZoliorganizacia~ (ECPAT); kristin bloCi, `ltolvil qalTa da bavSvTa sakiTxebze momuSavekomisia~, miqel paladela, Global Movement for Children; jim kairnsi, `religiebimSvidobisTvis _ msoflio konferencia~; `erovnuli sabWo bavSvebisa da dedebisTvis~,egvipte; enmari Slaki, SOS Children’s Villages, Plan International; reiCel breti, gaeroskvakerTa ofisi; areti siani, Amnesty International; dina abusamra, norvegiis ltolvilTasabWo; maria amelia azevedo da vivian nogueira de azevedo guara, Laboratorio de Estudosda Criance (LACRI); musimbi kanioro World YWCA da International Alliance of Youth CEOs;barTlome Saha da jeni arisi, World Alliance of YMCAs; ibrahim osmani, `wiTeli jvrisada wiTeli naxevarmTvaris sazogadoebebis saerTaSoriso fondi~; jilian Sirazi,International Award Association; lesli bulmani, `lideri gogonebisa da skauti gogonebismsoflio organizacia~; eduardo misoni, `skautebis moZraobis msoflio organizacia~;nora grosi sazogadoebrivi jamrTelobis ielis sauniversiteto skolidan, maikl dunikuinslendis teqnologiuri universitetidan.IXkvlevis samdivnodireqtori amaia gilespi da kolegebi _ marCelo daheri (Cemi piradi TanaSemwe),esTer van der velde, ima guerasi, teizu guluma, aleqsandra skolari, veronik tavo,sunita grote, helen moestu, jun keini, filis resleri, suzan faunteini da sxvakonsultantebi da internebi.

winasityvaobabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas ara aqvs geografiuli sazRvrebi, igi ar scnobs rasas,klass, religiasa Tu kulturas. Zaladoba Tavs iCens saxlSi, skolasa Tu quCaSi,gasarTob Tu samuSao adgilebSi, bavSvebze mzrunvelobisa da bavSvebis TavisuflebisaRkveTis dawesebulebebSi. moZaladeTa Soris SeiZleba iyvnen mSoblebi, ojaxis wevrebi,maswavleblebi, mzrunvelebi, samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebi an sxva bavSvebi.zogierTi bavSvis interesebi ilaxeba sqesis, rasis, eTnikuri niSnis, unarSezRudulobisaTu socialuri statusis gamo. arc erTi qveyana, arc mdidari da arc Raribi, ar arisdaculi am borotebisgan.Zaladobas SesaZlebelia damangreveli Sedegebi mohyves: sxva rom araferi vTqvaT,Zaladobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios naadrevi sikvdili; gadarCenil bavSvebs ki mTeli cxovrebagahyvebaT fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri travma. marTlac, Zaladoba safrTxis winaSe ayenebsara marto bavSvebis janmrTelobas, aramed SesaZleblobasac, iswavlon da Camoyalibdnenzrdasrul adamianebad, romelTac SeswevT unari Seqmnan normaluri ojaxebi da gaxdnensazogadoebis srulfasovani wevrebi.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba udidesi safrTxea globaluri ganviTarebisa da aTaswleulismiznebis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT. Cven ver SevZlebT sayovelTao dawyebiTi ganaTlebisdanergvas, vidre bavSvi ar iqneba daculi skolaSi. Sidsis gavrceleba ver SeCerdeba, sanamar Sewydeba Zaladoba gogonebze, rac am pandemiis gavrcelebis xelSemwyobi faqtoria.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba aseve Zalian aferxebs genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevas.Zaladobis gavlena bavSvebze srulad da Tanamimdevrulad, dokumenturad, aris asaxuligaeros kvlevaSi, rac winamdebare wignis Temaa. kvlevaSi aseve dasaxulia am problemasTanbrZolis gzebi. am mxriv saxelmwifoebs eniWebaT upiratesi pasuxismgebloba bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis aRkveTisa da reagirebis TvalsazrisiT; maT cxovrebaSi unda gaataronbavSvis uflebebis konvenciisa da sxva SeTanxmebebis debulebebi, raTa biWebsa da gogonebsgarantirebuli hqondeT Zaladobis gareSe cxovreba. Zalisxmevam yvela seqtori undamoicvas _ dawyebuli janmrTelobis dacvisa da ganaTlebis, damTavrebuli Sromisa damarTlmsajulebis sferoebiT. es unda Seexos yvela dones – adgilobrivs, erovnulsaTu saerTaSorisos. amasTan, mniSvnelovani roli unda iTamaSon rogorc calkeulmamoqalaqeebma, ise samoqalaqo sazogadoebam mTlianad. gaeros `ojaxi~, Tavis mxriv,mniSvnelovnad aris CarTuli am saqmianobaSi.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba verasdros iqneba gamarTlebuli, misi daZleva ki SesaZlebelia.Tuki moxdeba mizezebis dadgena da Zalisxmevas mivmarTavT maT dasaZlevad, TavidanavicilebT bavSvebze Zaladobas. es wigni da kvleva dagvexmareba, ukeT gavacnobieroTproblema da SevimuSaoT misi daZlevis strategia. amitom me rekomendacias vuwev am wignisgavrcelebas farTo sazogadoebaSi.XIkofi anani,gaeros generaluri mdivani2006 wlis oqtomberi

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Sesavalimsoflio moxseneba bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTan dkavSirebiT Sedegia msoflio masStabispirveli mravalmxrivi Zalisxmevisa, aRiweros bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis yvela forma damaTi zegavlena. Zaladoba problemaa, romelic moiTxovs mravalseqtorul reagirebas. esmoxseneba problemas udgeba adamianis uflebebis dacvis, sazogadoebis janmrTelobisada bavSvTa dacvis erTiani perspeqtividan.moxsenebaSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis,samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis, kvleviTi dawesebulebebisa da bavSvebisgamocdileba. am gaerTianebulma Zalisxmevam dasaxa axleburi moqmedebis perspeqtiva,romelic saswrafod gasatarebelia cxovrebaSi.bavSvis uflebebis konvencia ayalibebs saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv bazas bavSvTauflebebis dacvisaTvis. Tumca arsebobs rigi qveynebisa, sadac bavSvebi dRemde dgananZaladobis safrTxis winaSe. am Zaladobam SesaZlebelia anarekli hpovos maT momdevnocxovrebaSi, gavlena iqonios maT janmrTelobaze, qcevasa da ganviTarebaze.XIIIes moxseneba amtkicebs, rom aranairi Zaladoba ar SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli da Zaladobisyvela forma unda aRikveTos. saerTaSoriso da erovnul doneebze ganxorcielebulmaZalisxmevam, aseve dagrovilma gamocdilebam, romelmac asaxva hpova moxsenebaSi,mogvca saWiro iaraRi, romliTac unda vebrZoloT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas imisaTvis,rom igi sawyis etapzeve aRikveTos, raTa momavalSi Serbildes Zaladobidan gamomdinareSedegebi.msoflio moxsenebam bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze unda gamoiwvios Sorsmimavalicvlilebebi. yoveli Cvengani valdebulia, Tavis Tavze aiRos pasuxismgebloba, raTa escvlilebebi realurad dainergos cxovrebaSi.luiz arborigaeros adamianis uflebaTa dacvisumaRlesi komisarigaeros adamianis uflebaTa dacvisumaRlesi komisris ofisien m. venemaniaRmasrulebeli direqtorigaeros bavSvTa fondianders nordstromimoqmedi generaluri direqtorijanmrTelobis msoflio organizacia

XIV

avSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Temaze gaerosgeneraluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevisarasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sakonsultaciosabWos gancxadebaarasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileoba kvlevasa damisi rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebaSikvlevis mizania gaeros umaRles doneze mieqces yuradReba Zaladobis sxvadasxva formisSemaSfoTebel masStabebs, Zaladobisa, romelsac gogonebi da biWebi ganicdian ufrosebisganmTel msoflioSi. Tavad kvleva da misi Sedegi metwilad anareklia kvlevis procesSibavSvebis monawileobisa. bavSvebis monawileoba kvlevaSi uprecedentoa da maTma rolma,humanurobam, Zalisxmevam da Setanilma wvlilma gaamdidra kvlevis yvela aspeqti.bavSvebi imedovneben da elian, rom saxelmwifoebi marTlac saswrafod imoqmedeben, raTaSeasrulon TavianTi valdebulebebi bavSvebis, rogorc uflebebis mqoneTa, mimarT. aramarto mTavrobebma, aramed mTeli msoflios zrdasrulma adamianebmac sabolood undagaiTavison am kvlevis gzavnili: gogonebisa da biWebis mimarT aranairi Zaladoba ar arisgamarTlebuli da SesaZlebelia nebismieri saxis Zaladobis Tavidan acileba. nebismieriZaladoba bavSvebze aris maTi uflebebis darRveva, mimarTuli maTi Rirsebisa da fizikurixelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg.XVsaerTaSoriso, regionuli da erovnuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi Tavidanve iyvnenCarTuli procesSi. gaerosTan da sxva saagentoebTan erTad muSaobis dros isini xels uwyobdnengogonebisa da biWebis CarTvas kvlevis procesSi erovnul, regionul da saerTa-Soriso doneebze. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xSirad muSaoben bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan,maT dokumentebiT aqvT dadasturebuli da klasificirebuli bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis amsaxveli faqtebi. maT is samarcxvino faqtic aqvT dafiqsirebuli, rom 2006wlis mdgomareobiT mravali Zaladobis faqti nebadarTuli iyo da kanonierad iyo miCneulisaxelmwifoebis mxridan da xorcieldeboda bavSvebis aRzrdaze pasuxismgebeli,baSvebze mzrunveli, socialuri dacvisa da saganmanaTleblo organizaciebis mier. arasamTavroboorganizaciebma agreTve wvlili Seitanes da aamuSaves pozitiuri programebi,romlebic miznad isaxavs iseTi msoflios Camoyalibebas, sadac dagmobili da aRkveTiliiqneba yvela saxis Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sakonsultaciosabWo, romelic kvlevis mxardasaWerad Camoyalibda da romelSic monawileobenbavSvebi da axalgazrdebi, mTlianad iyo CarTuli kvlevis dokumentebis momzadebis procesSi,aseve, arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa jgufis _ `bavSvis uflebebis konvenciisaTvis~_ qvejgufi `bavSvebi da Zaladoba~. 1

gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvleva am moxsenebis generaluri asambleisTviswardgeniTa da wignis gamoqveynebiT ki ar asrulebs, aramed iwyebs process. arasamTavroboorganizaciebi mowadinebuli arian, gaagrZelon TanamSromloba am mimarulebiT.migvaCnia, rom am procesis warmarTva da koordinireba unda daevalos bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis sakiTxebze generaluri mdivnis sagangebo warmomadgenels, romelmac, kvlevisprocesis msgavsad, uSualo partniorebis saxiT unda CarTos masSi Tavad bavSvebi.bavSvebi xazs usvamdnen Zaladobis dauyovnebliv Sewyvetis gadaudebel saWiroebas. ammolodinis sapasuxod paulo serxio pineirom dasaxa amocanebi mTavrobebisTvis (romelTacakisriaT Zaladobis prevenciisa da masze reagirebis upirvelesi valdebuleba), romlebickonkretul vadebSi unda iqnes miRweuli. Cven viTanamSromlebT mTavrobebTandasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi, kerZod:XVI••••imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes gogonebisa da biWebis mimarT dRes kanoniTnebadarTuli nebismieri Zaladobis, maT Soris, fizikuri dasjis, nebismieri mavnetradiciuli praqtikisa da yvela saxis seqsualuri Zaladobis akrZalva da mniSvnelovnadSemcireba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb informaciisa da codnis gavrcelebisa dasazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis Sedegad;imisaTvis, rom mxari davuWiroT mravalmxrivi da sistemuri bazis SemuSavebas bavSvebismimarT Zaladobaze reagirebisTvis, romelic CairTveba erovnuli dagegmvisprocesSi.dabolos, madlobas vuxdiT paulo serxio pineiros, romelmac warmarTa kvlevis procesida masSi mravali adamiani CarTo, romelic dauRalavad mogzaurobda, bavSvebis problemebsgulisyuriT usmenda da cdilobda maT mogvarebas.1arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa jgufis `bavSvis uflebebis konvenciisTvis~ qvejgufis `bavSvebida Zaladoba~ wevrebi arian: ESPAT International, Friends World Committee for Consultation, `globaluriiniciativa – Sewydes bavSvebis fizikuri dasja~, Human Rights Watch, `qalTa saerTaSorisoaliansi~, `kaTolike bavSvTa biuro (ICCB/BICE), `qalTa saerTaSoriso sabWo~, `socialur muSakTasaerTaSoriso federacia~, saerTaSoriso fondi Terre des Homme, saerTaSoriso aliansi Save theChildren, ltolvilTa servisi Jesuit, Plan International, `resursebi, mimarTuli bavSebis mimarT cudadmopyrobisa da maTi ugulebelyofis winaaRmdeg~ (RAPSAN); SOS –Kinderdorf International; `msoflioorganizacia wamebis winaaRmdeg~ (OMCT); WWSF World Summit Foundation; `kaTolike qalTa organizaciebismsoflio kavSiri~; World Vision International.

moTxovna: bolo movuRoT Zaladobas bavSvebismimarTmsoflio moxseneba Temaze `Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT~ ar aris erTi adamianis an romelimeerTi samsaxuris muSaobis Sedegi, igi Sedegia namdvil TanamSromlobaze damyarebuliprocesisa, romelSic CarTuli iyvnen mTavrobebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, samoqalaqosazogadoeba da bavSvebi. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi momeca saSualeba, informaciamimeRo msoflios sxvadasxva regionis aTasobiT bavSvisa da mozrdili adamianisagan. maTierTguleba da mzadyofna bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi wamyvani Zala gaxda bavSvebismimarT Zaladobaze gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevisaTvis da am wignisaTvis,romelic aRniSnul kvlevas emyareba.kvleva adasturebs, rom bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas adgili aqvs msoflios nebismierkuTxeSi. kvlevis procesSi Tavad gavxdi mowme mravali samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi organizaciisdauRalavi Sromisa, romlebic iRwvian rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSorisodoneebze, raTa uzrunvelyon bavSvTa dacva. Cven unda STagvagonos im adamianebis Zalisxmevam,romlebic metad rTul viTarebaSi yoveldRiurad ebrZvian am problemas daromelTac aqvT Zalze SemoqmedebiTi midgomebi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesamcirebladda maTi uflebebis dasacavad.XVIIgarda amisa, optimizmis safuZvels gvaZlevs is garemoeba, rom mTeli msoflios masStabiTgamokveTilia saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebis interesi, rom win aRudgnen bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas. 2006 wlis seqtembridan moyolebuli me miviRe 136 Sevsebuli kiTxvari,romlebic gavugzavne mTavrobebs. mTavrobebi ar uaryofen farTod gavrcelebuli Zaladobisfaqtebs. Zaladobis arsebobis aRiareba, iseve, rogorc mTavrobebis Ria CarTvaprocesSi, mniSvnelovani nabijia im debulebebis praqtikaSi gatarebisTvis, romlebsacmoicavs gaeros bavSvis uflebebis konvencia, romlis xelmomwer mxareebs warmoadgenenes saxelmwifoebi.gaeros adamianis uflebaTa dacvis umaRlesi komisris, gaeros bavSvTa fondisa da janmrTelobismsoflio organizaciis CarTva kvlevis procesSi Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis mravalmxrivi xasiaTisa da problemis mosagvareblad mravalseqtorulimidgomis aucileblobis aRiarebisTvis. kvlevis warmarTvas aseve didi daxmarebagauwia im kvleviTi centrebisa da eqspertebis mniSvnelovanma monawileobam, romlebicmoRvaweoben iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa kriminaluri iurisdiqcia, sazogadoebrivi janmrTeloba,ganaTleba, sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba da adamianis uflebebi. es, Tavis mxriv,kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebs imas, rom bavSvebis cxovrebaSi realuri cvlilebebis SetanamoiTxovs yvela seqtoris erTobliv muSaobas da maTi Zalisxmevis koordinirebas.

aseTi globaluri mniSvnelobis dokumentis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod mTelimsoflios masStabiT organizaciebis farTo qselebisa da programebis mobilizaciisSedegad. monawileobaze damyarebuli procesis warmarTvis xelSewyobaSi wamyvani roliiTamaSes gaeros uwyebebma, mTavrobebTan da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan partniorobiT,gansakuTrebiT ki _ erovnul, regionul da qveregionul doneebze konsultaciebis meSveobiT,rasac xeli Seuwyves iunisefis ofisebma da sxvadasxva partniorma. konsultaciebises farTo procesi gaxda ZiriTadi strategia, romelmac uzrunvelyo, rom am moxsenebaSimocemuli saboloo rekomendaciebi efuZneba sxvadasxva qveyanaSi bavSvTa cxovrebisrealur suraTs.XVIIIbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis zogierTi forma, rogoric aris bavSvebis seqsualuri eqspluataciada bavSvebiT trefikingi, aseve, maTze SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis gavlena, winaaTwleulSi ukve iyo saerTaSoriso doneze daZraxuli. eqstremaluri situaciebis aRiarebamxeli Seuwyo bavSvTa problemebis dRis wesrigSi dayenebas saerTaSoriso doneze.miuxedavad amisa, yuradReba bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxebisadmi ZiriTaTad maincfragmentul da metad SezRudul xasiaTs atarebs. iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa ZaladobasaxlSi, skolaSi, sxvadasxva dawesebulebasa da sazogadoebaSi, dResdReobiT umetesad araris saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi mimdinare debatebis Tema.ojaxi saukeTeso adgilia bavSvze fizikuri da emociuri zrunvis TvalsazrisiT, skolebski arsebiTi roli akisriaT bavSvis potencialis ganviTarebisa da misi dacvisTvis. magrampasuxismgebloba myari samarTlebrivi safuZvelis Seqmnaze da ojaxebisTvis, skolebisada TemebisTvis maTi funqciebis adekvaturad Sesasruleblad daxmarebis gawevaze akisriasaxelmwifos.Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmna sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis SewyvetisTvis, magram prevencia da reagireba Zaladobaze ar niSnavs calmxrivi,mkacri da represiuli zomebis miRebas. ufro metic, Tuki es zomebi arRvevs romelimesocialuri jgufis uflebebs, isini verasodes gaxdeba efeqtiani. es problema kidev ufromwvavdeba, rodesac qveynebSi matulobs Zaladobisa da kriminalis done. xelisuflebaver miaRwevs usafrTxoebas axalgazrdobis saSinel pirobebSi gamoketviT, saxelmwifoswarmomadgenlebis mxridan Zaladobaze Tvalis daxuWviT an samoqalaqo da politikuriuflebebis SesustebiT. winamdebare kvleva naTelyofs, rom Zaladobaze qmediTi reagirebagulisxmobs mravalmxriv Zalisxmevas, grZelvadiani investiciis ganxorcielebas prevenciaSi,brZolas im damokidebulebis winaaRmdeg, romelic Semwynareblurad uyurebs anmxars uWers Zaladobas, Sesabamisi statistikis Segrovebas da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebisfunqcionirebis gaumjobesebas, aseve maTi mxridan angariSvaldebulebis uzrunvelyofas.rogorc nelson mandela gvaxsenebs, Zaladoba yvavis demokratiis ararsebobisa da adamianisuflebebis ugulebelyofis pirobebSi. bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba agrZelebs arse-

obas, rogorc mudmivi saSiSroeba, iq, sadac avtoritaruli urTierTobebi myardeba bavSvebsada ufrosebs Soris. Tvalsazrisi, rom zrdasrul adamianebs SeuzRudavi uflebebiaqvT bavSvebis aRzrdaSi, riskis winaSe ayenebs nebismier mcdelobas, aRikveTos ZaladobaojaxebSi, skolebsa da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi. grZelvadiani cvlilebis misaRwevadaucilebelia gadaixedos da Seicvalos is damokidebuleba, stereotipuli genderulirolebis CaTvliT, romelic Tvals xuWavs an normalurad miiCnevs bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas.Cvenma uunarobam, mogvesmina bavSvebisTvis, gamoiwvia, rom saTanado reagirebas ver vaxdenTsaWiroebebze. Zneli gasagebia, rogor SeuZliaT zrdasrul adamianebs amtkicon,rom bavSvebi naklebad unda iqnen daculi Zaladobisgan zrdasrulebTan SedarebiT, samarTlebrivi,politikuri Tu praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT. gulwrfelad vimedovneb, romes kvleva wyalgamyofi iqneba ormag standartebsa da kompromisebisaTvis, romlebic ukveZalian didi xania arsebobs.kvlevis mimdinareobisas Cven SevZeliT mogvesmina da gagvegona bavSvebis xmebi da pativigveca maTi mosazrebebisTvis. isini iTxoven uflebas, daculi iyvnen yvelanairi Zaladobisganda Zalian undaT dResve miiRon es ufleba. bavSvebis naambobma, romelic aRwers, Tura saSineleba ganicades maT Zaladobis Sedegad, da maTma tkivilma, rom zogierTi ufrosisTvisdResac misaRebi da normaluria maTdami aseTi mopyroba, unda gvibiZgos, romvicxovroT Cveni principebis Sesabamisad da rac SeiZleba swrafad SevasxaT xorci imas,rasac vqadagebT. Cven unda vimoqmedoT ise, rom SevcvaloT bavSvTa skeptikuri damokidebulebaufrosebis dapirebebisadmi. bavSvebi daiRalnen imis mosmeniT, rom isini qveynismomavalia. maT surT, rom Cveni dapirebebi awmyoSive ganvaxorcieloT da dResve SeZlonisargeblon uflebiT _ daculi iyvnen Zaladobisgan.XIXpaulo serxio pineiroJeneva, 2006

UNICEF/HQ 05-1826. Giacomo Pirozziukraina, 2005 weli. 14 wlis artemi zis kedelze saporto qalaq odesis TavSesafarTan `gza Sinisaken~.artemi sami Tvis win moxvda am TavSesafarSi, manamde ki ori weli quCaSi gaatara.

1bolo movuRoTbavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasSesavali 3realuri cvlilebebi 5gamosavalia prevencia 6globaluri problema 7garemo, sadac Tavs iCens Zaladoba 7bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis faruli parametrebi 10problemis masStabi 12risk-faqtorebi da damcavi faqtorebi 13Zaladobis damangreveli zemoqmedeba 17principebi da rekomendaciebi 18sayovelTao rekomendaciebi 19ganxorcieleba da Semdgomi RonisZiebebi 27saxelmwifo da regionuli done 27saerTaSoriso done 28gamoyenebuli literatura 291bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

2bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`bavSvebma bolos da bolos mindorSi unda iTamaSon. maT ar unda tanjavdeTSimSili da avadmyofoba, isini ar unda xdebodnen umecrebis, Seuracxyofisada damcirebis msxverpli, ar unda moeTxovebodeT iseT saqmianobaSi Cabma,romelic sruliad Seuferebelia maTi asakisTvis~.nelson mandela, nobelis premiis laureati mSvidobis dargSi1SesavalibavSvebis mimarT yvelanairi ZaladobismasStabi mxolod axlaRa xdeba cnobili,mas Semdeg, rac ukve arsebobs amis damamtkicebelisabuTebi. am wignSi dokumenturadaris asaxuli gaeros generalurimdivnis samsaxuris mier bavSvebis mimarTZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebulikvlevis procesi, miRebuli Sedegebida rekomendaciebi.aRniSnuli kvleva warmoadgens bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis yvela formis pirvel Seswavlas,Catarebuls msoflio masStabiT.igi eyrdnoba models, romelic mocemuliagamokvlevaSi bavSvebze SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebisgavlenis Sesaxeb. es gamokvleva,romelic graCa maCelma moamzada da generalurasambleas warudgina 1996 wels, exmianebajanmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis2002 wlis msoflio angariSs Zaladobisada janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. 1am saxis kvleva pirvelia gaerosaTvis, radgansakiTxi mTlianad bavSvebs ukavSirdebada xazgasmiT warmoaCens bavSvebis, rogorcuflebaTa mqone pirebis, statuss; amkvidrebsmaT uflebas, gamoxaton TavianTiSexedulebebi yvela im sakiTxze, rac maTzeaxdens gavlenas da maT uflebas, rom maTSexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba daeTmos.am kvlevis mTavari paTosi aris, rom bavSvebismimarT nebismieri Zaladoba gaumarTlebeliada maT mimarT yvelanairiZaladobis prevencia SesaZlebelia. kvlevacxadyofs, rom saxelmwifos mier nakisrivaldebulebebi adamianis uflebaTadacvisa da bavSvTa ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofissakiTxebSi uxeSad irRveva yvelaregionSi, rom bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisdidi nawili kvlavac inarCunebs kanonier,saxelmwifos mier nebadarTul da socialuraddasabuTebul saxes. kvlevismizania, aRniSnos globaluri masStabisSemobruneba, romelic bolos mouRebsbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis gamarTlebas`tradiciis~ saxeliT Tu `disciplinis~niRbiT.brZola ZaladobasTan bavSvebis mimarTar unda scnobdes kompromisebs. bavSvebisunikaluroba _ maTi adamianuri potenciali,sisuste da daucveloba, maTi zrdaganviTarebisdamokidebuleba ufrosebze_ udavos xdis, rom aucilebelia kidevufro gaizardos investireba bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis prevenciisa da misgandacvis saqmeSi.bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi bavSvTamimarT Zaladobas saerTaSoriso reagirebamohyva da SesaZlebeli gaxda konsensusismiRweva Zaladobis iseTi saxeebisdagmobasTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric arisseqsualuri eqspluatacia da trefikingi,qalTa sasqeso organoebis damaxinjeba,bavSvebis Sromis yvelaze mZime formebisgamoyeneba da bavsvebis Cabma SeiaraRebulkonfliqtebSi; magram am problemebisswrafi mogvarebis gzebi mainc ver daisaxa.Zaladobis am ukiduresi formebis gardabevri bavSvi yoveldRiurad ganicdis fizikur,seqsualur da fsiqologiur ZaladobassakuTar saxlebSi, skolebSi, maTzemzrunvel institutebsa da samarTaldamcavsistemebSi, samuSao adgilebsa da sazogadoebaSi.yovelive amas damangreveliSedegebi moaqvs da momavalSic SeiZlebamoitanos maTi janmrTelobisa da keTildReobisTvis.3bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`bavSvebi ar arian patara adamianebi, romlebsac patara uflebebi aqvT. sanammozrdilebi maT ase uyureben, manam iarsebebs bavSvis mimarT Zaladoba.~mod de boer bukikio, evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis moadgilekvlevis mizani da farglebi2001 wels, bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis rekomendaciiT, generalurma asambleamTavisi 56/138 rezoluciiT mosTxova generalur mdivans, Caetarebina bavSvismimarT Zaladobis safuZvliani gamokvleva da SeemuSavebina rekomendaciebiwevri qveynebisaTvis gansaxilvelad da saTanado zomebis misaRebad. 2003wlis TebervalSi gaeros generalurma mdivanma me damniSna am kvlevisxelmZRvanelad.4bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobassityva `bavSvis~ ganmartebisas es kvleva iyenebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis1-el muxlSi formulirebul gansazRvrebas, romlis Tanaxmadac, bavSvad iTvleba`18 wlamde asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki romelime qveynis kanonmdeblobismixedviT bavSvi ufro adreul asakSi ar aRwevs srulwlovnebas.~ `Zaladobis~ganmartebisas ki gamoiyeneba imave konvenciis me-19 muxli, romlis TanaxmadZaladoba aris `mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an bavSvze mzrunveli nebismierisxva piris mxridan masze yvelnairi fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladoba,Seuracxyofa, misi borotad gamoyeneba, misTvis mzrunvelobis mokleba an mas-Tan daudevari mopyroba, uxeSi moqceva an eqspluatacia, sqesobrivi borotebisCaTvliT.~ es kvleva eyrdnoba, agreTve, Zaladobisa da janmrTelobis Sesaxebmsoflio moxsenebis (2002) ganmartebas: `bavSvis mimarT fizikuri Zalis anZalauflebis ganzrax gamoyeneba muqariT an realurad erTi adamianis an adamianTajgufis mier, risi Sedegic aris an savaraudod iqneba bavSvis janmrTelobis,gadarCenis, ganviTarebis an Rirsebis faqtobrivi an potenciuri dazianeba~. 1me, rogorc damoukidebelma eqspertma, moxseneba warvudgine gaeros generalurasambleas da am wignis daniSnulebaa, ganavrcos es moxseneba. garda amisa, momzaddazogadad bavSvebis mimarT keTilganwyobili garemos Sesaqmnelad gankuTvnilimasalebi. am wignSi ganixileba xuTi gansxvavebuli garemo, sadac Tavs iCensZaladoba bavSvis mimarT: ojaxi, skolebi, bavSvebze zrunvis alternatiuliinstitutebi da dakavebis dawesebulebebi, adgilebi, sadac bavSvebi muSaobenda Temebi. aq ar ganixileba bavSvis sakiTxi SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi, radganes bavSvisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis problemebze gaeros generalurimdivnis sagangebo warmomadgenlis mandats warmoadgens. Tumca, wignSi amasTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebic Sevida, magaliTad, Zaladoba ltolvili da iZulebiTgadaadgilebuli bavSvebis mimarT.kvlevas da mis samdivnos, romelic JenevaSi iyo dafuZnebuli, gaeros samiorganizacia uwevda daxmarebas: gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisrisofisi, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (iunisefi) da janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia.mis sainformacio uzrunvelyofas sxvadasxva dargis eqspertTa saredaqciokolegia axorcielebda.

`bavSvebs cremlebi unda movwmindoT da maTi mowyenili saxeebi bednieradunda vaqcioT, maTSi imedisa da ukeTesi xvalindeli dRis naperwkali undagavaRvivoT~.pakistanis pirveli ledi, begun Seba pervez muSarafi, 2005 w.1realuri cvlilebebierTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da rTulimovlenebi imis maniSnebelia, rom mocemulikvlevis procesi da Sedegebi isea droSigaTvlili, rom realuri cvlilebebi SeitanosbavSvis statussa da cxovrebaSi.pirveli _ adamianis uflebebiT gansaz-Rvrul valdebulebad bavSvis mimarTZaladobis aRmofxvris valdebulebis aRiarebakidev ufro gaZlierda bavSvis uflebaTakonvenciis miRebasa da sayovelTao(TiTqmis) ratifikaciasTan erTad. konvenciaganskuTrebiT usvams xazs bavSvebis,rogorc uflebebis mqone pirTa, statuss.Tumca, rogorc kvleva cxadyofs, bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciis miRebis farTo mas-Stabis miuxedavad, umetes qveynebSi bavSvebijer kidev elodebian maTi adamianuriRirsebisa da fizikuri xelSeuxeblobissrul aRiarebas da Sesabamis investiciebsmaT mimarT yovelgvari Zaladobis aRsakveTad.meore _ am problemaze Tavad bavSvebialaparakdnen da maT araTu usmenen, aramedseriozuladac iReben. bavSvebma Cvenebamisces cxra regionul konsultacize,romlebic kvlevasTan dakavSirebiT Catardada exeboda bavSvis mimarT yoveldRiurZaladobas sakuTar saxlebsa da ojaxebSi,skolebSi, sxvadasxva dawesebulebasa dadamsjel institutebSi, samuSao adgilebzeda sazogadoebaSi. bavSvis mimarT Zaladobaarsebobs yvela qveyanaSi. igi arRvevskulturis, klasis, ganaTlebis, Semosavlis,eTnikuri warmomavlobis da asakissazRvrebs. kvlevis mimdinareobisas bavSvebigamudmebiT xazs usvamdnen yvelanairiZaladobis saswrafod Sewyvetis aucileblobas.bavSvebi saubrobdnen ara martofizikur, aramed sulier tanjvazec, rasacZaladobis gamo ganicdian da rasac amZafrebsis garemoeba, rom ufrosebisTvis esZaladoba misaRebia da, zog SemTxvevaSi,gamarTlebulic ki.sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebma undagaacnobieron, rom saqme aqvT kritikulsituaciasTn, Tumca es situacia ar arisaxali. ufrosebis xelSi bavSvebi ZaladobassaukuneTa ganmavlobaSi ganicdidnen; es aravisesmoda da veravin xedavda. axla, rodesacbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis masStabi dagavlena TvalsaCino gaxda, maT aRar Seu-ZliaT lodini im dromde, rodesac uzrunvelyofiliiqnebian dacvis efeqtiani saSualebebiT,risi upirobo uflebac aqvT.mesame _ Zaladobis prevencia kidev ufrogadaudebeli gaxada imis gacnobierebam,rom gancdili Zaladoba, axdens ra gavlenasbavSvis gonebriv da fizikur janmrTelobasada keTildReobaze, daRs asvamsmTel mis cxovrebas. 1960-ian wlebamdespecialistebsac ki ar hqondaT kargadgaazrebuli bavSvebis sikvdilianobis, gaupatiurebisda fizikuri dasaxiCrebis mas-Stabi mSoblebis da im adamianebis mizeziT,visac bavSvebze zrunva da maTi meurveobaevaleba. Zaladobis problemas skolebsada sxva garemoSi naklebi yuradReba eTmobodabolo aTwleulebamde.neirobiologiuri, bihevioristuli da socialurimecnierebebis sferoSi kvlevisgafarToebam gaaRrmava is codna, Tu ramniSvneloba eniWeba bavSvobisdroindelgamocdilebas tvinis ganviTarebaSi dagamokveTa is centraluri roli, romelsacadreuli urTierTobebi asrulebs tvinisjansaR ganviTarebaSi. 2 es kvleva aSkaradmiuTiTebs imaze, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania5bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`didad gansxvavdeba, Tu ra viciT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb da ra viciT amasTan dakavSirebiT samoqmedod.viciT, rom bavSvis mimarT Zaladoba xSirad samudamo fizikuri da gonebrivi travmis mizezi xdeba. viciT isic, romZaladoba Zirs uTxris bavSvis potenciur SesaZleblobas, wvlili Seitanos sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi, radganuaryofiTad moqmedebs mis unarze, iswavlos da SeZlos socialuri da emociuri ganviTareba. Cveni momavlisTvisbavSvebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlebelia arsebuli mdgomareobis im kmayofilebis gagrZeleba, racdRevandelobas axasiaTebs. bavSvis mimarT Zaladobis aRkveTa Cveni umTavresi prioriteti unda gaxdes~.jeims e. mersi, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Temaze gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevis saredaqciokolegiis wevri6bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasMmSoblebisadmi bavSvis pozitiuri damokidebulebada siyvaruli; aq naCvenebia, romrodesac ar arsebobs mfarvelobiTi urTierTobebi,ZaladobiT gamowveuli stresiaferxebs nervuli da imunuri sistemebisganviTarebas da adamians fizikuri dafsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemebisadmiufro mgrZnobiares xdis. amgvarad, bavSvismimarT Zaladobis aRkveTis SesaZleblobauamravi grZelvadiani problemis mogvarebasgvpirdeba, romlebic msoflios sxvadasxvaqveyanas mniSvnelovan socialur daekonomikur tvirTad awveba.meoTxe _ gaizarda imis Segneba, rom bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis aRkveTa bevrisxvadasxva partnioris TanamSromlobasmoiTxovs. faqtobrivad, bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis aRkveTa da masze reagirebayvela adamianis saqme unda iyos. am kvlevasZalze gamoadga TanamSromloba gaeros sxvadasxvauwyebas Soris, romlebic adamianisuflebebze, bavSvTa dacvasa da janmrTelobisdacvaze muSaoben, da is wvlili,romelic sxvadasxva seqtorma Seitana.sxvadasxva dargis specialistebs aRar Seu-ZliaT am problemis damoukideblad, sxvebisganizolirebulad gadaWra. sazogadoebrivijandacva, sisxlis samarTali, socialurisamsaxurebi, ganaTlebis sistema,adamianis uflebaTa dacvis organizaciebi,media da biznesi – yvela dainteresebuliabavSvis mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvriT daerTad muSaobiT maT gacilebiT qmediTi daefeqtiani gzebis gamoZebna SeuZliaT.gamosavalia prevenciamiuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobamdReisaTvis did masStabs miaRwia,mainc arsebobs imis realuri SesaZlebloba,rom gatardes Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelizomebi. Zaladoba ar aris adamianuri yofisaucilebeli Semadgeneli nawili. sxvadasxvaqveynis mTavrobebi sul ufro metad acnobierebenda axorcieleben bavSvebis uflebebTandakavSirebul valdebulebebs, aRiarebenZaladobis masStabebs da mis xangr-Zliv zemoqmedebas. kvlevam daadastura,rom bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb informaciaarsebobs da imis SesaZleblobacaris, rom moxdes Zaladobis prevencia daSemcirdes misi Sedegebi. farTovdeba samecnierobaza Zaladobis prevenciis qmediTistrategiebis SesamuSaveblad da problemismogvarebis gzebis dasasaxavad. mtkicebulebebzedafuZnebuli strategiebis arsebobacxadyofs, rom prevenciisadmi Semoqmedebi-Ti midgomis gziT _ saTanado ZalisxmeviTada investiciebiT _ SesaZlebelia cvlilebebismoxdena. ufro metic, ZaladobisganbavSvebis dacva udides potencials SeicavssazogadoebaSi Zaladobis yvela formisSesamcireblad, agreTve, bavSvebis mimarTZaladobiT gamowveuli xangrZlivi socialurida janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuliSedegebis Sesamcireblad.dRes TiToeul sazogadoebas, misi kulturuli,ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebismiuxedavad, SeuZlia da valdebulia,SeaCeros Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT.es amocana ki sazogadoebis cnobierebisada Zaladobis ganmapirobebeli ekonomikurida socialuri pirobebis gardaqmnassaWiroebs.rogorc bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxebgaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuriskvlevaSia aRniSnuli, `kvlevis ZiriTadiazri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bavSvebis mi-

`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT maTi uflebebis darRvevaa da Cveni sazogadoebebisSemaSfoTebeli realobaa. misi gamarTleba ar SeiZleba arc disciplinismosazrebebiT da arc kulturuli tradiciebiT. iseTi ram, rogoric arisZaladobis `gonivruli~ done, _ miuRebelia. rodesac bavSvebis mimarTZaladoba legalizebulia romelime erT konteqstSi, es zogadad ZaladobismimarT Semwynareblobis safrTxes qmnis~.luiz arburi, gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisari1marT aranairi Zaladobis gamarTleba arSeiZleba da yovelgvari Zaladobis prevenciaSesaZlebelia. saWiroa SewydesgamamarTlebeli mizezebiT apelireba.monawile saxelmwifoebma saswrafo zomebiunda miiRon, raTa adamianis uflebebTandakavSirebuli valdebulebebi da sxvamovaleobebi ganaxorcielon da Zaladobisyvela formisgan dacva uzrunvelyon.Tu saxelmwifos iuridiuli valdebulebebiekisreba, sazogadoebis yvela seqtoriswarmomadgenels, yvela adamiansekisreba pasuxismgebloba, rom dagmos daaRkveTos Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT dareagireba moaxdinos Zaladobis msxverplbavSvebze. verc erTi Cvengani ver gausworebsTvals bavSvebs, Tuki ganvagrZobTmaT mimarT Zaladobis mxardaWerasa dagamarTlebas.~ 3globaluri problemabavSvebis mkvleloba, maTi sastiki da Seuracxmyofelidasja, uyuradReboba maTmimarT an maTi mitoveba, seqsualuri Zaladobada Zaladobis sxva formebi jer kidevZveli civilizaciebidan modis. 4,5 bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis masStabisa da gavlenisSesaxeb arsebuli uaxlesi dokumentebinaTlad aCvenebs, rom es Zalze Rrma da seriozuliglobaluri problemaa. 6,7 igi TavsiCens msoflios yvela qveyanaSi, sxvadasxvaformiT da sxvadasxva garemoSi da xSiradRrmad aqvs gadgmuli fesvebi kulturul,ekonomikur da socialur praqtikaSi.bavSvebis didi nawili TiToeul sazogadoebaSiganicdis mniSvnelovan ZaladobassakuTar ojaxSi. mxolod 16 saxelmwifokrZalavs bavSvis fizikuri dasjis yovelgvarformas, xolo bavSvebis umravlesobamoklebulia samarTlebriv dacvas da saku-Tar ojaxebSi itans cemas da ganzrax damcirebas.garda amisa, bavSvebi ganicdian Zaladobasim adamianebis mxridan, visac maTze zrunvaevaleba skolebSi, mzrunvelobisa da mar-Tlmsajulebis sistemebSi, agreTve iq, sadacbavSvebi legalurad an aralegaluradmuSaoben. daaxloebiT 100 qveyanaSi bavSvebscemis safrTxe skolebSi emuqrebaT,rac saxelmwifos mier nebadarTulia. sulmcire 30 qveyanaSi bavSvebis dasasjeladgawkeplva an gajoxva gamoiyeneba, xolobevr sxva qveyanaSi mkacri sasjelebia daSvebulibavSvTa sasjelaRsrulebisa da ma-Tze mzrunvelobis dawesebulebebSi. 8garemo, sadac Tavs iCensZaladobakvlevaSi gamoyenebulia analitikuri safuZveli,romelic iTvaliswinebs im garemos,sadac gatarebulia bavSvoba. es arissaxli da ojaxi, skola, bavSvebze mzrunvelobisda marTlmsajulebis sistemebi,samuSao adgili da Temi. me-2 Tavi ikvlevsarsebul saerTaSoriso instrumentebs dameqanizmebs, romlebic bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas exeba. me-3-7 TavebSi saTiTaod,garemos mixedviTaa gaanalizebuli Zaladobisformebi. yoveli Tavis mizania ganixilosTiToeuli garemo da bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis gamomwvevi da xelSemwyobifaqtorebi, misi gavrcelebis dadgenilimasStabi, bavSvebze gavlena da a.S., agreTve,aucilebeli mimarTulebebi prevenciuliRonisZiebebisaTvis, xolo gamovlinebisSemTxvevaSi _ Zaladobaze reagirebisTvis.bavSvebis mier gancdili Zaladobis aRweraarcTu ise martivi saqmea. bavSvebis7bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`kacobriobis mTeli istoriis manZilze nawili bavSvebisa uyvardaT dazrunavdnen maTze, sxvebi ki sastik Zaladobas ganicdidnen. es moxsenebaasaxavs globalur realobas. imedi maqvs, rom igi xels Seuwyobs Zaladobisyvela formis aRmofxvrisaken mimarTuli zomebis miRebas, rac adamianTaganviTarebisa da mSvidobis arsebiTi pirobaa.~savitri gunesekere, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Temaze gaeros generalurimdivnis samsaxuris kvlevis saredaqcio kolegiis wevrikvlevis procesikvleva Catarda sxvadasxva mxaris monawileobiT, rac moicavda regionul, qveregionulda saxelmwifo doneebze konsultaciebs, saeqsperto Tematur Sexvedrebsda adgilebze vizitebs. sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebs detaluri kiTxvarebi daegzavnaT2004 wlis martSi, romlebic bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxebisadmi maTmidgomas exeboda. gamoqveynebis momentisaTvis sul 136 pasuxi iyo miRebuli. 108bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas2005 wlis martsa da ivliss Soris Catarda cxra regionuli konsultacia karibiszRvis auzis, samxreT aziis, dasavleTi da centraluri afrikis, laTinuriamerikis, CrdiloeT amerikis, aRmosavleT aziis da wynari okeanis auzis, axloaRmosavleTis da CrdiloeT afrikis, evropis da centraluri aziis, aRmosavleTda samxreT afrikis qveynebisaTvis. TiToeul konsultacias daaxloebiT 350monawile daeswro, maT Soris, saxelmwifoTa ministrebi da oficialuri pirebi,parlamentarebi, regionuli da sxva samTavrobaTaSoriso, gaeros da arasamTavroboorganizaciebis, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis erovnuli dawesebulebebis,samoqalaqo sazogadoebebis sxva elementebis, maT Soris, mediisa da religiuriinstitutebisa da Tavad bavSvebis warmomadgenlebi. bavSvebi TiToeul regionulkonsultaciaSi monawileobdnen, rasac win uZRvoda Sexvedrebi, sadac bavSvebi masalebsada rekomendaciebs iZleodnen kvlevisaTvis. gamoqveynda TiToeuli regionulikonsultaciis Sedegebi. Catarda, agreTve, ramdenime qveregionuli dasaxelmwifo konsultacia.im qveynebis mTavrobebi, sadac aRniSnuli konsultaciebi Catarda, aqtiurad uwyobdnenxels kvlevis ganxorcielebas. regionuli organizaciebi, maT Soris, afrikiskavSiri, arabTa liga, `karibis zRvis auzis qveynebis sazogadoeba~ (CARICOM),evropis sabWo, evrokavSiri, amerikul saxelmwifoTa organizaciis adamianis uflebaTaSida amerikuli komisia da samxreT aziis regionuli TanamSromlobis asociaciamniSvnelovan rols TamaSobdnen am konsultaciebis organizebaSi. erovnulida regionuli organizaciebi kvlevis Semdgom procesebSic monawileobdnen.argentinaSi, kanadaSi, salvadorSi, gvatemalaSi, haitiSi, hondurasSi, indoeTSi,israelSi da palestinis okupirebul teritoriaze, maliSi, pakistanSi, paragvaiSi,sloveniaSi, samxreT afrikaSi, tailandSi, trinidadsa da tobagoSi adgilze vizitebiganxorcielda da es im qveynebis mTavrobaTa damsaxureba iyo, sadac es vizitebida konsultaciebi Catarda.bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisa da adamianis uflebaTa yofili komisiis specialuriproceduruli mandatebis mqone wevrebTan regularuli konsultaciebitardeboda. gaanalizda daskvniTi mosazrebebi monawile saxelmwifoTa mierkomitetisTvis wardgenili angariSebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, saTanado specialuriproceduruli mandatebis mqone pirTa angariSebi.

`Tanamonawileobis procesma, romelic kvlevam warmarTa, dabada problemisgaTavisebis SegrZneba, ganapiroba Rirebulebebis gadafaseba da imis aRiarebisgambedaoba, rasac didi xania uaryofdnen. Cven istoriuli SesaZleblobagveZleva, amovZirkvoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis yvela forma da es Sansixelidan ar unda gavuSvaT~.elCi muSira xatabi, egviptis dedaTa da bavSvTa erovnuli sabWosgeneraluri mdivani, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis vice-Tavmjdomare1kvlevaSi bevrma organizaciam Seitana wvlili, maT Soris, Sromis saerTaSorisoorganizaciam, gaero ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisma, gaeros ganaTlebis,mecnierebis da kulturis organizaciam (iunesko), gaeros narkotikebisada danaSaulis ofisma (UNODC) da gaeros ekonomikur da socialur saqmeTadepartamentis qalTa xelSewyobis ganyofilebam. gaeros uwyebaTaSorisi jgufi,romelic bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas sakiTxebze muSaobs, Seikriba kvlevisSemdgomi strategiis SesamuSaveblad.moxseneba eyrdnoba, agreTve, masalebs, romlebic sxvadasxva dainteresebulmamxarem, maT Soris, bavSvebma, uzrunvelyves kvlevisTvis ukanaskneli sami wlisganmavlobaSi. daaxloebiT 300 adamiani, arasamTavrobo da sxva organizaciebimsoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan gamoexmaura mowodebas, warmoedginaT saTanadocnobebi da wvlili SeetanaT kvlevaSi. maT Soris iyvnen bavSvebic. warmodgeniliiyo specialurad kvlevisTvis momzadebuli angariSebi. 19kvlevis sawyis etapze daarsda arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sakonsultaciojgufi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis SemadgenlobiT, romelic yvela regioniswarmomadgenels aerTianebda. Tavisi wvlili Seitana bavSvebis da ZaladobissakiTxebis Semswavlelma qvejgufmac, romelic arasamTavrobo organizaciisjgufis SigniT Seiqmna bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis miznebisTvis.sxvadasxva saxis Seswavlis momzadebasTan erTad saerTaSoriso aliansma Savethe Children sagangebo wvlili Seitana bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebzekonsultaciebiTa da bavSvebis monawileobisTvis xelSewyobiT, kerZod, regionulkonsultaciebSi, iunisefTan da sxva partniorebTan erTad. bavSvis uflebaTaglobalurma sainformacio qselma (CRIN) dokumenturad daafiqsira kvlevismimdinareoba, maT Soris, Sexvedrebi bavSvebTan, da farTod xelmisawvdomi gaxadaigi sakuTari vebgverdis saSualebiT.iunisefis `inoCentis~ kvleviTma centrma gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seitana sxvakvleviT centrebTan da qselebTan erTad, romlebmac informacia warmoadginesda konsultaciebSi miiRes monawileoba. Catarda Tematuri Sexvedrebi sqesTaSoris gansxvavebaze damyarebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb, skolebSi, ojaxsa da ojaxurgaremoSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, unarSezRuduli bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisSesaxeb, Zaladobis Sesaxeb arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemebSi dakanondamrRvevi bavSvebis mimarT, religiuri organizaciebis rolis Sesaxeb,sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis Sesaxeb; ltolvili da sxvaiZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb da ZaladobisgansazRvris meTodologiebis Sesaxeb.bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT adamianis uflebaTa seriozuli darRvevaa, romelsacaxla unda moeRos bolo! modi, erTad vimuSaoT, raTa gavaTavisufloT msofliobavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis nebismieri formisgan~.Sarlota petri gornicka, SvedeTis Save the Children-is generaluri mdivani10bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasmimarT Zaladobis zogierTi forma yvelgangvxvdeba. fizikur Tu dasjis sxva sastikda damamcirebel formebs mSoblebida ojaxis sxva wevrebi saxlebSi iyeneben;Zaladobas mimarTaven bavSvis movlazepasuxismgebeli pirebi specialur sabavSvodawesebulebebSi, mas iyeneben skolismaswavleblebic da yovelive es kanonsawinaaRmdegoa.samuSao adgilebze, sadaciseT bavSvebs SexvdebiT, jer rom arSesrulebiaT muSaobisTvis kanoniT nebadarTuliminimaluri asaki, damqiraveblebixSirad da dausjelad mimarTaven bavSvebisfizikur dasjas cudi muSaobisTvis.rac Seexeba sazogadoebas da Tems, bavSvi,romelsac mawanwalis an antisocialuriadamianis damRa azis, uflebamosilipirebis, maT Soris, policiis mxridandausjeli Zaladobisa da cudi mopyrobisobieqti SeiZleba gaxdes. bavSvebi, romlebicprostituciaSi arian iZulebiT Ca-Treuli, xSirad ise aRweren klientebismxridan Zaladobriv mopyrobas, TiTqosamgvar mopyrobas Tavad imsaxurebdnen. 9seqsualuri Zaladoba, fizikuri dafsiqologiuri Zaladoba da seqsualuriagresia Zaladobis is formebia, romlebicyvela garemoSi iCens Tavs. sazogadoebaTaumravlesobaSi gogonebisa da biWebis seqsualuriZaladoba yvelaze farTod saku-Tar saxlebSia gavrcelebuli an im pirTamxridan, romlebsac ojaxi icnobs. magramseqsualuri Zaladoba skolebsa da sxvasaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSic iCensTavs rogorc TanatolTa, aseve maswavleblebismxridan. es Cveulebrivi ambavia daxurulsamuSao adgilebSi, magaliTad, SinamosamsaxureebismimarT, romlebic kerZosaxlebSi arian daqiravebuli. amgvari Zaladobagvxvdeba sxvadasxva dawesebulebaSida sazogadoebaSi imaTi mxridan, visac msxverplicicnobs da sxvebic. gogonebi gacilebiTmetad ganicdian seqsualur Zaladobas,vidre biWebi da maTi daucvelobaZaladobis mimarT xSirad sazogadoebaSiarsebuli ZalTa genderuli niSniT damyarebuliTanafardobis produqtia. amavedros ufro xSiria biWebis mkvleloba, gansakuTrebiTki _ maT mimarT Zaladoba iaraRisgamoyenebiT.Zaladoba, romelic erT garemoSi gvxvdeba,SeiZleba meore garemoze aisaxos an mas daematosZaladoba, romelic sxva garemoSiarsebobs. kvlevis farglebSi Catarebulianalizi cxadyofs, rom arsebobs Zaladobisspecifikuri saxeobebi, romelTa aRmofxvrasaTiTaod, yovel garemoSi individualuradunda moxdes.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisfaruli ganzomilebebibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis mxolod mcirenawilis Sesaxeb keTdeba Setyobinebebi datardeba saTanado gamoZieba da borotmoqmedTamxolod mcire nawili Tu agebs pasuxs.msoflios mraval qveyanaSi saerTodar aris sistema, romlis farglebSic undamoxdes bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebisSetyobineba, Catardes seriozuligamoZieba, daiweros angariSi bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis Sesaxeb. xolo iq, sadacarsebobs ojaxur da sxva garemoSi ZaladobisSesaxeb Setyobinebebze damyarebulioficialuri statistika, xdeba problemismniSvnelobis daknineba.mravali mizezi arsebobs imisa, Tu ratomar xdeba Setyobineba. mcirewlovan bavSvebs,romlebic ojaxur garemoSi ganicdianZaladobas, Zala ar SeswevT amis Sesaxeb

`rogor unda velodoT bavSvebisgan seriozul damokidebulebas adamianisuflebebisadmi da daxmarebas am uflebaTa dacvis kulturis damkvidrebaSi,rodesac Cven, ufrosebi, ara marto jiutad vagrZelebT bavSvebis cemas, aramedkidevac vamarTlebT amas da vambobT, rom es `maTive keTildReobisTvis xdeba~?bavSvis cema ara marto cudi saqcielis magaliTia, aramed es aris ufro patarada susti adamianebis uflebaTa mimarT zizRis demonstrireba~.Tomas hamerbergi, evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa komisari, 2006 111diagrama 1.1fizikuri dasjisgan kanoniT daculi bavSvebis procentuliSemadgenloba msoflioSisaxli2daculi daucveli ucnobi980alternatiulizrunva47818skolasasjelaRsr. sistema(fizikuri dasjaganaCenis saxiT)sasjelaRsr. sistema(fizikuri dasjadisciplinarulizomis saxiT)42wyaro: globaluri iniciativa bavSvebis mimarT fizikuri dasjis gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg (2006).bavSvebis mimarT fizikuri dasjis gamoyenebis iuridiuli statusis globaluri reziume. 2006wlis 28 ivlisi.vinmes Seatyobinon. bevri bavSvi imitomerideba Zaladobis faqtebis Setyobinebas,rom moZaladeebis mxridan represiisan oficialuri organoebis Carevis eSinia,ramac maTi saerTo mdgomareoba SeiZlebakidev ufro metad gaauaresos.xSir SemTxvevebSi mSoblebi, romlebicTavianT Svilebs unda icavdnen, Cumad arianim Zaladobis Sesaxeb, romelsac sCadiserT-erTi meuRle, an ojaxis sxva wevri,an sazogadoebis Zlieri warmomadgeneli,magaliTad, damqiravebeli, policiis oficeriTu Temis lideri. SiSi mWidro kavSir-Sia im stigmatizaciasTan, rac ZaladobisSesaxeb Setyobinebas mohyveba xolme. sazogadoebaSi,sadac patriarqaluri cneba42810 20 40 60 80 100bavSvebis procentuli Semadgenloba5855ojaxis `Rirsebis~ Sesaxeb ufro fasobs, vidregogonebis uflebebi da keTildReoba,gaupatiurebis an seqsualuri ZaladobisSemTxvevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios msxverplisdevna da mis mimarT Semdgomi Zaladoba,zogjer _ ojaxis wevrebis xeliT misimokvlac ki.bevr qveyanaSi ar arsebobs dabadebis registraciissistema da piradobis oficialuridadastureba, rac Cvilebs da patarabavSvebs risks uqmnis. bevrgan ar xdebabavSvTa sikvdilianobis kvleva da registracia.miuxedavad imisa, rom milionobiTgogona 18 wlamde Txovdeba, qorwinebisregistraciis ararseboba arTulebs amproblemisTvis Tvalis gadevnebas. 10 cota1920011bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`mezizReba bavSvi rom var, mezizReba rom mcemen da ise meqcevian, rogorc bavSvs.me grZnobebi da emociebi maqvs da siyvaruli, zrunva da yuradReba mWirdeba~.13 wlis gogona samxreT aziidan. 2005 III12bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasqveyana axdens bavSvebis specialur institutebsada alternatiuli zrunvis kereb-Si moTavsebis an maTi dakavebis Sesaxeb informaciisTanmimdevrul dafiqsirebas dasaTanado angariSebis gamoqveynebas; kidevufro naklebi qveyana agrovebs informaciasbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis SesaxebaseT dawesebulebebSi.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis zogierT tip-Tan Segueba misi SenarCunebis ZiriTadifaqtoria TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi. bavSvebi,maT mimarT Zaladobis Camdenni damTeli sazogadoeba fizikur, seqsualurda fsiqologiur Zaladobas aRiqvamen,rogorc bavSvobis gardauval Semadgenelnawils. qveynebis umravlesobis kanoni kvlavacurigdeba `gonivrul~ an `kanonier~fizikur dasjas da asaxavs sazogadoebismier Zaladobis mowonebas, rodesac masganixilaven an niRbaven rogorc `disciplinas~(ix. diagrama 1.1). fizikuri dasjada dasjis sxva sastiki an Seuracxmyofeliformebi, xulignoba, seqsualuri devna daZaladobrivi tradiciuli praqtika Sei-Zleba ganixilebodes, rogorc normalurimovlena, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu amas samudamofizikuri travma ar mohyveba.arc erT qveyanas ar SeuZlia gansazRvros,ramxela progress miaRwia bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis aRmofxvris saqmeSi, Tu saimedomonacemebi ar eqneba. imisaTvis, rom zustadSefasdes bavSvebis mimarT iseTi ZaladobismasStabi da xasiaTi, romelsac fataluriSedegi ar mohyveba, saWiroa kvlevebisCatareba mSoblebis da sxva ufrosebismier Zaladobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb,bavSvobaSi gancdili Zaladobis Sesaxeb,bavSvebis da mozrdilebis janmrTelobismimdinare mdgomareobis da maTi janmrTelobisTvissarisko qcevis Sesaxeb. bavSvebismimarT fataluri Zaladoba zustadmxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros,Tu arsebobs sikvdilianobis faqtebisregistraciis, gamoZiebisa da Setyobinebissrulfasovani sistemebi.problemis masStabisxvadasxva iniciativa, saerTaSoriso SedarebiTigamokvlevebidan dawyebuli dabavSvebisgan lokalur doneze aRebulimciremasStabiani gamokiTxviT damTavrebuli,ufro naTel suraTs iZleva problemismoculobaze da gavrcelebaze yvelaregionSi. am iniciativebis safuZvelzemopovebuli informacia mianiSnebs, rombavSvebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobisnawils ucnobebi sCadian, magramZaladobrivi aqtebis udidesi umravlesobaam aqtebis msxverpli bavSvebis uaxloesgaremoSi xdeba. Zaladobas sCadianmSoblebi da ojaxis wevrebi, megobari biWebian gogonebi, meuRleebi an partniorebi,maswavleblebi, skolis megobrebi da damqiraveblebi.qvemoT mocemuli magaliTebigarkveul warmodgenas iZleva bavSvebis mimarTZaladobisa da misi masStabis Sesaxeb,romelic winamdebare kvlevaSia mocemuli:• janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciisSefasebiT, 2002 wels gardacvlili 53000 bavSvis sikvdilis mizezi mkvlelobaiyo. 11 (ix. danarTi, sadac mocemuliaregionuli mkvlelobebis masStabi asakis,Semosavlis da sqesis mixedviT).• skolis moswavleebis janmrTelobisglobaluri gamokvleva, romelicmraval ganviTarebad qveyanaSi Catarda,cxadyofs, rom skolis asakis bavSvebis20 procentidan 65 procentamdeganacxada bolo 30 dRis 12 ganmavlobaSi

1momxdari sityvieri an fizikuridaSinebis da uxeSi mopyrobis faqtebisSesaxeb. daSinebis da uxeSi mopyrobisfaqtebi ganviTarebul saxelmwifoeb-Sic gvxvdeba. 13• Zaladobrivi seqsualuri aqti anseqsualuri Zaladobis sxva forma,romelic fizikur kontaqts gulisxmobs,18 wlis asakamde daaxloebiT 150milion gogonas da 73 milion biWs aqvsgamocdili. 14• iunisefis SefasebiT, saharissamxreTiT mdebare afrikis qveynebSi,egviptesa da sudanSi mcxovreb 3 miliongogonas da qals yovelwliuradkveTen an umaxinjeben sasqeso organoebs.15• Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciisSefasebiT, 2004 wels 218 milionibavSvi iyo dasaqmebuli, romelTagan126 milioni saxifaTo Sromas eweoda. 16xolo rogorc 2000 wlis monacemebi2002 wlis msoflio moxsenebaSi Zaladobisda janmrTelobis Sesaxeb Camoyalibebulia`ekologiuri modeli~, romelic xelsuwyobs Zaladobis mravalmxrivi bunebisgagebas, romelsac sxvadasxva done aqvs.modeli, romelic analizis gasakeTebeliinstrumentia, aRiarebs, rom Zaladobasda mis realizebas ganapirobebs, xels uwyobsda xels uSlis faqtorebis farTo dakompleqsuri speqtri. rogorc es 1.2 diadiagrama1.2aCvenebs, 5,7 milioni bavSvi iZulebiTSromas eweoda, 1,8 milioni prostituciasada pornografiaSi iyo CarTuli,1,2 milioni ki iyo trefikingis msxverpli.17• msoflios bavSvebis mxolod 2,4%-iakanoniT daculi fizikuri dasjisganyvela garemoSi. 18risk-faqtorebi da damcavifaqtorebiekologiuri modeli, romelic gamoiyeneba Zaladobis risk-faqtorebsa dadamcav faqtorebSi gasaTviTcnobiereblad13bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobassazogadoebaTemi urTierTkavSiri individiwyaro: Krug E.G. et al. (Eds)(2002). msoflio moxseneba Zaladobisa da janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. Jeneva,janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia.^

14gramazea naCvenebi, ekologiuri modeliaxdens Zaladobis msxverplis an moZaladispersonaluri istoriis da damaxasiaTebeliTvisebebis, misi ojaxis da uSualo socialurikonteqstis (romelic xSirad moixsenieba,rogorc sazogadoebrivi faqtorebi)da ufro farTo sazogadoebis identificirebas.gamartivebuli ganmartebebisagangansxvavebiT, aRniSnuli modelixazs usvams imas, rom Zaladobas sxvadasxvafaqtoris kombinacia ganapirobebs, rac sxvadasxvadoneebze moqmedebs da gavlenasaxdens imis albaTobaze, Cadenili iqneba,ganmeordeba Tu Sewydeba Zaladoba. ekologiurimodelis sxvadasxva donis Sesabamissxvadasxva faqtorze gavlenas axdens,agreTve, is garemo, sadac bavSvebi trialeben– maTi ojaxebi da ojaxuri garemocva,skola, Sesabamisi dawesebulebebi da samuSaoadgilebi, agreTve, maTi uSualo wreda farTo sazogadoeba.magaliTad, ekonomikuri ganviTareba, socialuristatusi, asaki da sqesi im mravalricxovanrisk-faqtorebs Soris aris,romlebic fatalur Zaladobas ukavSirdeba.janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciisSefasebiT, 2002 wels bavSvebis mkvlelobismaCveneblebi orjer maRali iyo RaribqveynebSi, vidre mdidar qveynebSi (100 000bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasdiagrama 1.3bavSvebis mkvlelobis maCveneblebi asakisa da sqesis mixedviTmaCvenebeli 100 000 kacze10.009.009.068.00mdedrobiTi7.00mamrobiTi6.005.004.003.002.933.281.92 1.99 2.092.082.001.48 1.491.001.000.000-17 wl 0-4 wl 5-9 wl 10-14 wl 15-17 wlwyaro: janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia (WHO)(2006). janmrTelobaze Zaladobiszegavlenis Sedegebis globaluri Sefaseba. damxmare masalebi gaeros kvlevisTvis`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT~. Jeneva, janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia.

`UBUNTU aris adamianurobis, TanagrZnobis, pativiscemis, Rirsebisa da sxvaamgvari faseulobebis gansaxiereba. igi warmoadgens am faseulobebis TavadbavSvebSi investirebis Sedegs. modi, sakadrisi memkvidreoba davtovoT,romelic msoflioSi UBUNTU-is damkvidrebis Sesabamisi iqneba, vilaparakoT davimoqmedoT bavSvebis Seuracxyofis sawinaaRmdegod~.advokati Toko majokueni, SOCA-qvedanayofis ufrosi: samxreT afrikissaxelmwifo prokuratura1cxrili 1.1 – bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis mwvave da grZelvadiani Sedegebifizikuri janmrTelobis dazianebamuclis Rrus/gul-mkerdis dazianebatvinis dazianebaWrilobebi da iarebidamwvrobacentraluri nervuli sistemis dazianebamotexilobebimcire Wrilobebi da daJeJilobaTvalebis dazianebaxeibrobasqesobrivi da reproduqciuli dazianebebireproduqciuli janmrTelobis problemebisqesobrivi funqciis moSladaavadebebi, romlebic sqesobrivi gziT gadaecema, maT Soris, adamianisimunodeficitis virusi/Sidsiarasasurveli fexmZimobafsiqologiuri Sedegebialkoholizmi da narkomania15bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasSemecnebiTi unaris gauaresebakriminaluri, Zaladobrivi da sxva saxis saxifaTo qcevadepresia da wuxiliganviTarebis Seferxebakvebisa da Zilis moSlasircxvilisa da danaSaulis grZnoba >>>

`qveyana ver ayvavdeba, Tuki ar eyoleba jansaRi bavSvebi. bavSvobaSi Zaladobis gancdaniSnavs sulieri Wrilobebis miRebas, rac Tu ar ganikurneba, gagrZeldeba sxvebisaTu sakuTari Tavis datanjviT. arc erTi bavSvi ar unda gaxdes Zaladobis msxverpli.yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba iyos daculi da xeli miuwvdebodes sakuTari qveynisresursebze. dadga dro, rom ganxorcieldes maTi uflebebi~.pat. lendon pirsoni, lendon pirsonis bavSvobisa da bavSvTa uflebebisSemswavleli resurs-centris direqtori, karltonis universiteti, kanadagagrZelebacxrili 1.1 – bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis mwvave da grZelvadiani Sedegebihiperaqtiurobacudi urTierTobebicudad swavla skolaSisakuTar Tavze dabali warmodgenatravmis Sedegad gamowveuli stresi da darRvevebifsiqosomaturi darRvevebisuiciduri qceva da sakuTari Tavis dazianeba16bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaskibofiltvebis qronikuli daavadebakuW-nawlavis daavadebebigulis iSemiuri daavadebebiRviZlis daavadebebireproduqciuli janmrTelobis problemebi, magaliTad, uSvilobafinansuri Sedegebipirdapiri xarjebi:arapirdapiri xarjebi:marTlmsajulebissistemis da sxvainstitutebis xarjebi:mkurnaloba, vizitebi saavadmyofos eqimTan dajandacvis sxva momsaxurebaproduqtiulobis dakargva, dainvalideba,sicocxlis donis daqveiTeba, naadrevisikvdilianoba.damnaSaveTa dakavebis da samarTlebrividevnis xarjebi. socialuri uzrunvelyofisorganizaciebis xarjebi, zrdisa da ganviTarebis,ganaTlebis sistemis xarjebi da dasaqmebis seqtorisxajebi, dakavSirebuli gacdenebTan da dabalproduqtiulobasTan.wyaro: Runyan D et al. (2002). bavSvebis Seuracxyofa da maT mimarT uyuradReboba mSoblebisada sxva mzrunvelebis mxridan. Krug EG et al. (Eds). msoflio angariSi Zaladobisa dajanmrTelobis Sesaxeb. Jeneva, janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia. gv. 59-86.

1mosaxleze 2,58 _ Rarib qveynebSi, 1,21 –mdidar qveynebSi). rogorc 1.3 diagramidanCans, bavSvebis mkvlelobis yvelaze maRalimaCvenebeli mozardebSi gansakuTrebiT 15-dan 17 wlamde biWebSi aRiniSneba (gogoneb-Si es maCvenebelia 100 000-ze 3,28, biWebSi ki– 9,06). 19 saswrafodaa Casatarebeli gamokvlevebiCvilebis mkvlelobasTan dakav-SirebiT, raTa gamyardes am Sefasebebisutyuaroba da ganisazRvros iseTi praqtikisgavrcelebis masStabi, rogoric arisqalebis mier bavSvebis mokvla sxvadasxvaregionSi.arsebuli monacemebi metyvelebs, rom patarabavSvebs ufro metad fizikuri Zaladobis,xolo gardatexis asakSi myof bavSvebs_ seqsualuri Zaladobis riski emuqrebaT.fizikuri Zaladobis safrTxis winaSe ufrometad arian biWebi, vidre gogonebi, xologogonebi xSirad arian uyuradRebobisa daseqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli. 20 mniSvnelovanrols asrulebs qcevis socialurida kulturuli nimuSebi, socialurekonomikurifaqtorebi, kerZod, uTanasworobada umuSevroba, aseve _ genderulistreotipebis arseboba.bavSvTa garkveuli jgufebi da kategoriebigansakuTrebiT daucvelia Zaladobissxvadasxva formis mimarT. magaliTad,daucvelobis ufro maRali done SeiniSnebaunarSezRudul bavSvebSi, oblebSi (SidsiTdaavadebuli milionobiT oboli bavSvisCaTvliT), adgilobriv mkvidr bavSvebSi,eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenelbavSvebsa da sxva marginalizebul jgufeb-Si, quCebSi mcxovreb an momuSave bavSvebSi,specialur dawesebulebebSi mcxovreb dapatimar bavSvebSi, iseT sazogadoebaSimcxovreb bavSvebSi, sadac uTanasworobis,umuSevrobis da siRaribis maRali donea,ltolvil da sxva tipis iZulebiT gadaadgilebulbavSvebSi. gadamwyvet rolsTamaSobs, agreTve, sqesi, radgan gogonebsada biWebs sxvadasxva saxis Zaladobis safrTxeemuqrebaT.mniSvnelovan rols globaluri problemebicasrulebs, magaliTad, uTanasworobiszrda saxelmwifoebs Soris da saxelmwifoebsSigniT, migracia, urbanizacia daSeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi. am problemebismogvareba, agreTve, saerTaSorisomasStabiT SeTanxmebuli miznebis miRweva,rogoricaa aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi,xels uwyobs bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisaRmofxvras.amave dros sxva faqtorebsac SeuZliaaRkveTos an Seamciros Zaladoba bavSvebismimarT. marTalia, aRniSnul damcavfaqtorebTan dakavSirebiT ufro meti kvleviTisamuSaoebis Catarebaa saWiro, magramerTi ram cxadia _ mSoblebsa da bavSvebsSoris did siaxloveze damyarebulikavSiris arseboba da iseTi urTierTobastabiluri ojaxis farglebSi, romelicZaladobasa da Seuracxyofas gamoricxavs,bavSvis dacvis Zlieri saSualebaa.faqtorebi, romlebic ganapirobebs ZaladobisaRkveTas sxvadasxva garemoSi, aRweriliame-3-7 TavebSi.Zaladobis damangrevelizemoqmedebamiuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas, misi xasiaTisa da sisastikismixedviT, gansxvavebuli Sedegebi mohyveba,Zaladobis mokle da grZelvadiani gamoZaxiliSeiZleba damangreveli aRmoCndes (ix.cxrili 1.1). bavSvobaSi gancdil Zaladobaskritikuli mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan gav-17bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`es kvleva bavSvebze Zaladobis gavlenis yovlismomcvel Sefasebas iZleva.aSkaraa, rom bavSvebis dacva yvela Cvenganis valdebulebaa~.en m. venemani, iunisefis aRmasrulebeli direqtori18bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaslenas axdens ganviTarebis procesSi myoftvinze. xangrZlivi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi,rac bavSvis Tvalwin Cadenil Zaladobasacgulisxmobs, ziandeba nervuli da imunurisistemebi, rac auaresebs socialur daemociur mdgomareobas, azrovnebis unars,qcevas da iwvevs daavadebebs, travmebs dasocialur problemebs. 21bavSvobaSi gancdil Zaladobas SeuZlia ga -mo iwvios socialuri da sulieri mdgomareobisproblemebi, azrovnebis unaris samudamogauareseba, aranormaluri simsuqne, CamoayalibosjanmrTelobisaTvis mavne qcevebi,magaliTad, Tambaqos moweva, alkoholisada narkotikebis moxmareba da naadrevi seqsualuriaqtivoba. 22,23 amasTan dakavSirebulifsiqologiuri da socialuri problemebigulisxmobs SfoTvasa da depresias,halucinaciebs, Sromis unaris gauaresebas,mexsierebis daqveiTebas da agresiul qcevas.es safrTxeebi ukavSirdeba mogvianebiTgamovlenil filtvebis, gulisa da RviZlisdaavadebebs, sqesobrivi gziT gadamdeb daavadebebs,nayofis sikvdils orsulebSi, aseveZaladobas seqsualuri partniorisagan dasuicidisaken midrekilebas. 24,25sazogadoebis mxridan Zaladobasac Seu-Zlia janmrTelobisaTvis mavne qcevisCamoyalibeba da mZime socialuri Sedegebisgamowveva. arsebobs garkveuli kav-Siri sazogadoebis mxridan Zaladobasa daposttravmuli stresiT gamowveul dar-Rvevebs, depresias, antisocialur moqcevas,alkoholizmsa da narkomanias, swavla-Si CamorCenas, TanatolebTan problemururTierTobas, sisxlis samarTlis sistemasTanxSir Sexebas Soris.miuxedavad imisa, rom cotaa informaciabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis globaluriekonomikuri xarjebis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiTganviTarebadi qveynebidan, sxvadasxvasaxis mokle da grZelvadiani SedegebismixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, sazogadoebismier gaweuli ekonomikuri xarjebimainc sakmaod mniSvnelovani gamodis. 2001wels amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi bavSvebisSeuracxyofisa da ugulebelyofis finansuriSedegebi, rac momavalSi dakargulSemosavlebs da fsiqikur janmrTelobazegaweul xarjebsac niSnavs, 94 miliard aSSdolarad iyo Sefasebuli. 26principebi darekomendaciebibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis aRkveTisa da sa-Tanado reagirebisken mimarTuli RonisZiebebiunda iyos mravalmxrivi da Zaladobisformis, misi Cadenis garemos da Camdenis/Camdenebis mixedviT SerCeuli. nebismierizomis gatarebisas uwinares yovlisa bavSvisinteresebi unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.gaeros generaluri asambleisTvis wardgenilmaangariSma kvlevis Sesaxeb moaxdinaidentificireba ramdenime ZiriTadiprincipisa, romlebic mis rekomendaciebSiaisaxeba. es principebia:• gaumarTlebelia bavSvis mimarT nebismieriZaladoba. bavSvebi ar undaiyvnen ufro naklebad daculi, vidreufrosebi;• SesaZlebelia bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisyovelgvari formis aRkveTa.saxelmwifoebma unda moaxdinon sa-Tanado wesebsa da programebSi investireba,romlebic mtkicebulebebseyrdnoba da imuSaon im faqtorebisaRmofxvraze, romlebic bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas uwyobs xels.

`valdebulebebi unda gadaiqces gansazRvrul droSi gansaxorcielebelkonkretul miznebad~.jaap doeki, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis Tavmjdomare1• saxelmwifoebs upiratesi pasuxismgeblobaekisrebaT bavSvis uflebaTadacvis saqmeSi, maTTvis saTanado momsaxurebisuzrunvelyofaSi da ojaxebisdaxmarebaSi, raTa bavSvebs mzrunvelida usafrTxo garemo SeeqmnaT;• saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian uzrunvelyonpasuxismgeblobis dakisrebaZaladobis TiToeuli SemTxvevisgamo;• Zaladobis mimarT bavSvebisdaucveloba gamowveulia maTi asakiTda imiT, rom ganviTarebis procesSiarian. zogierTi bavSvi gansakuTrebiTdaucvelia Tavisi sqesis, rasis, eTnikuriwarmomavlobis, SezRuduli unarisan socialuri statusis gamo;• bavSvebs ufleba aqvT gamoxaton TavianTiSexedulebebi, romlebsac wesebisada programebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebisdros gaiTvaliswineben.kvlevis farglebSi SemuSavda sayovel-Tao da calkeul garemosTan misadagebulirekomendaciebi, romlebic Setaniliageneraluri asambleisTvis kvlevis Sesaxebwardgenil angariSSi. sayovelTao rekomendaciebiayalibebs im RonisZiebaTafarTo speqtrs, romlebic saxelmwifoebmaunda ganaxorcielon bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis aRsakveTad, xolo Zaladobisfaqtis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi _ qmediTizomebis misaRebad. amas emateba damatebiTirekomendaciebi yoveli konkretuli garemosaTvis:ojaxisa da ojaxuri garemosTvis,skolebisTvis, bavSvebze zrunvisa da mar-Tlmsajulebis sistemebisTvis, adgilebisTvis,sadac bavSvebi muSaoben kanonier anukanono safuZvelze, da sazogadoebisTvis.aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi daskvnebissaxiT aris mocemulia 3-7 Tavebis bolos.aq warmodgenili rekomendaciebi, upirvelesyovlisa, mTavrobebis mimarT arismimarTuli maTi sakanonmdeblo, administraciuli,sasamarTlo, kanonSemoqmedebi-Ti, momsaxurebis miwodebis da instituciurifunqciebidan gamomdinare. zogierTirekomendacia sxva partniorebis da sazogadoebissxva seqtorebiskenaa mimarTuli,magaliTad, samoqalaqo sazogadoebisorganizaciebisaken, romlebsac udidesimniSvneloba aqvT.sayovelTaorekomendaciebi1.pasuxismgeblobis gaZliereba saxelmwifo da adgilobriv doneebze da sa-Tanado zomebis gatarebaCemi rekomendaciaa, rom bavSvebismimarT Zaladobaze reagirebis mizniTyvela saxelmwifom SeimuSaosmravalmxrivi da sistemuri baza,romelic integrirebuli iqnebasaxelmwifo gegmis SemuSavebis procesSi.bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT saWiroa saxelmwifostrategiis, politikis an RonisZiebaTagegmis formulireba, sadac mocemuliiqneba realisturi miznebida maTi Sesrulebis grafiki da romliskoordinirebas moaxdens uwyeba,romelsac Zala Seswevs sxvadasxva seqtoriCarTos ganxorcielebis far-TomasStabian strategiaSi. saxelmwifokanonebi, normebi, gegmebi daprogramebi unda Seesabamebodesadamianis saerTaSoriso uflebebsda Tanamedrove samecniero codnas.sistematurad unda moxdes saxelmwifostrategiis, politikis an gegmisganxorcielebis Sefaseba dadgenil19bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

20bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasmiznebTan da grafikTan SesabamisobisTvalsazrisiT da uzrunvelyofiliunda iyos adekvaturi adamianurida finansuri resursebi maTi ganxorcielebisxelSesawyobad.integrirebuli da sistematuri baza,romelic miznad isaxavs ebrZolos bavSvebismimarT Zaladobas, unda Seicavdes komponentebsyvela saxis garemoSi ZaladobisprevenciisTvis, Zaladobis msxverplibavSvebisTvis zrunvisa da reabilitaciisuzrunvelyofisTvis, informaciis gavrcelebisada SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebisTvis,gamokvlevis Catarebisa da monacemebisSegrovebisTvis.2.bavSvebis mimarT yovelgvari ZaladobisakrZalvasaxelmwifoebs dabejiTebiT vTxovuzrunvelyon, rom 18 wlis asakamdearc erTi piri ar daisajos sikvdiliTda ar miesajos samudamo patimroba.saxelmwifoebis mimarT Cemirekomendaciaa, yvela saWiro zomamiiRon, raTa dauyovnebliv SeaCeronsasikvdilo ganaCenebis sisruleSimoyvana im pirTa mimarT, vinc 18 wlisasakamde Caidina danaSauli, da sa-Tanado samaTlebrivi zomebi miiRon,raTa adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSorisostandartebis Sesabamisad gadaakeTonganaCenebi. sikvdiliT dasjisganaCeni, gamotanili im pirTaTvis,vinc 18 wlis asakamde Caidina dana-Sauli, unda gauqmdes da es unda iyosupirvelesi prioriteti.saxelmwifoebs dabejiTebiT vTxov,akrZalon bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisyvela forma yvela garemoSi, racgulisxmobs fizikur dasjas, mavnetradiciebs, rogoricaa naadrevi daiZulebiTi qorwineba, qalis sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjeba, e.w.Rirsebis danaSaulebi, seqsualuriZaladoba, wameba da sxva sastiki,arahumanuri an Seuracxmyofelisasjeli da mopyroba, rogorc amasmoiTxovs saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi,maT Soris, konvencia wamebisada sxva sastiki, arahumanuri an Seuracxmyofelimopyrobis an dasjisSesaxeb da bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia.minda yuradReba gavamaxvilobavSvis uflebaTa komitetiszogadi SeniSvnebis # 8 SeniSvnaze(2006), romelic exeba bavSvis uflebas,daculi iyos fizikuri dasjisganda sasjelis sxva sastiki daSeuracxmyofeli formebisgan (ker-Zod, muxlebi 19;28, punqtebi 2 da 37)(bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia/Tavi/zogadi komentarebi/8)Zaladobis akrZalvis pirveli mizani saganmanaTlebloxasiaTs atarebs _ yvela sazogadoebasunda gaegzavnos Setyobinebaimis Sesaxeb, rom bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobamiuRebeli da ukanonoa da ganmtkicdespozitiuri, araZaladobrivi socialurinormebi. dausjeli ar unda darCes is, vincbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas sCadis, magramsaWiroa yuradRebis gamaxvileba imaze,rom Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebi ufrometad ar daitanjon kanonis ugulisyuroSesrulebiT. samarTlebrivi devna da oficialuriCareva, gansakuTrebiT ojaxSi,mxolod maSin SeiZleba ganxorcieldes,rodesac saWiroa bavSvis dacva mniSvnelovanizianisgan da miiCneva, rom es bavSvisinteresebSia. Zlieri da qmediTi sanqciebi

`ara aqvs mniSvneloba, sad vlindeba Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT - ojaxSi,skolaSi, sazogadoebaSi, dawesebulebaSi Tu samuSao adgilze. janmrTelobisdacvis sistemis muSakebi pirvelebi unda reagirebdnen amaze. yvelam Cveniwvlili unda SevitanoT imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom, upirveles yovlisa,aRikveTos amgvari Zaladoba, xolo misi gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi, bavSvebmamiiRon saukeTeso momsaxureba Zaladobis Sedegebis gasaneitraleblad~.Nandres nordstromi, generaluri direqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli,janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia1unda gatardes, raTa ailagmos bavSvebis mimarTZaladoba.3.Zaladobis aRkveTis prioritetulobaCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmabavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisaRkveTa prioritetad dasaxon da misgamomwvev mizezebs ebrZolon. mniSvnelovaniaara marto is, rom saWiroresursebi arsebobdes da Zaladobisfaqtis Semdeg saTanado reagirebamoxdes, aramed saxelmwifoebmaadekvaturi resursebi unda gamohyon,raTa risk-faqtorebs ebrZolon daZaladoba ZirSive aRkveTon. saTanadopolitikisa da programebis saSualebiTdauyovnebliv unda moxdespirdapiri riskis da iseTi faqtorebisganeitraleba, rogoric aris mSoblisda bavSvis siaxlovis ararseboba,ojaxis daSla, alkoholis da narkotikebismoxmareba da cecxlsasrolida sxva saxis iaraRebis xelmisawvdomobisSezRudva. `aTaswleulis ganvi-Tarebis miznebis~ Sesabamisad yuradRebaunda gamaxvildes ekonomikurda socialur politikaze, romelicsiRaribes, genderul sakiTxs dauTanasworobis sxva formebs exeba,agreTve, qonebrivi uTanasworoba, umuSevroba,Warbi mosaxleoba qalaqeb-Si da sxva faqtorebi, romlebic ZirsuTxris sazogadoebas. Uprevencias bevri forma aqvs, maT Soris isformebi, romlebic sxva sayovelTao rekomendaciebSiamocemuli, kerZod: Tanmimdevrulisakanonmdeblo bazisa da strategiisSemuSaveba, romelic Zaladobis yvelaformas krZalavs; brZola iseT socialurnormebTan, romlebic xels uwyobs Zaladobas;im adamianebis unaris gaZlierebada profesionalizmis amaRleba, vinc bavSvebTanda ojaxebTan an maTTvis muSaobs dapropagandas uwevs araZaladobriv qcevas.4.araZaladobrivi faseulobebis propagandada informaciis gavrcelebasazogadoebaSiCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebida samoqalaqo sazogadoebaeswrafodnen gardaqmnan pozicia,romelic egueba da normalurad miiCnevsZaladobas bavSvebis mimarT,maT Soris, stereotipul genderulrolebs da diskriminacias, fizikurdasjas da sxva mavne tradiciebs.saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom bavSvis uflebebi gaacnon dagaagebinon sazogadoebas, maT Soris_ bavSvebsac. saWiroa gamoyenebuliiyos sajaro informirebis kampaniebi,raTa sazogadoeba ufro mgrZnobiaregaxdes bavSvebze Zaladobis mavneSedegebis mimarT. saxelmwifoebmaunda waaxalison media, raTa propagandagauwios araZaladobriv faseulobebsda danergos saxelmZRvaneloprincipebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofsbavSvis uflebaTa pativiscemasmasobrivi saSualebebiT gaSuqebulyvela masalaSi.saWiroa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTadSeiqmnes pozitiuri, araZaladobrivi garemomaT saxlebSi, skolebSi, sxva dawesebulebebsada wreebSi, rac sazogadoebisda mSoblebis swavlebis, propagandistulikampaniebis da treningebis meSveobiTunda moxdes. socialuri da kulturulipoziciebi, romlebic adamianis uflebebs21bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvra saxelmwifos ganviTarebis gegmis daganviTarebis xelSewyobis nawilad unda iqces~.ranie birte lundi, elCi, norvegiis sagareo saqmeTa saministro22bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaspirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba, frTxil dapirispirebassaWiroebs, radgan adamianebimijaWvuli arian sakuTar tradiciebze.5.im adamianebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba,vinc bavSvebTan an bavSvebisTvismuSaobsCemi rekomendaciaa, rom amaRldes imadamianebis kvalifikacia, vinc bavSvebTanan bavSvebisTvis muSaobs, raTamaT wvlili Seitanon bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis aRmofxvraSi. maT undaCautardes sawyisi treningi, samsaxuridanmouwyvetlad, rac uzrunvelyofsbavSvis uflebaTa codnas da maTmimarT pativiscemas. saxelmwifoebmasistematuri ganaTlebis da treningisprogramebSi unda moaxdinon investirebarogorc specialistebisaTvis,aseve araprofesionalebisTvis,romlebic bavSvebTan an bavSvebisTvisda ojaxebisTvis muSaoben, raTaZaladobis prevencia, gamovlena damasze reagireba moxdes. unda Camoyalibdesda amoqmeddes qcevis kodeqsida praqtikis mkafio standartebi,romlebic krZalavs da uaryofsZaladobis yvela formas.marTalia, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis prevenciazebevri samsaxuri muSaobs, magramsaWiroa yvela maTganma ifiqros imaze, Turogor moaxdinos sakuTari potencialismaqsimaluri realizeba am saqmeSi, maTSoris, specialuri treningebis CatarebiTyvelasTvis, vinc bavSvebTan muSaobs.treningebis Catarebas sistematuri daxangrZlivi xelSewyoba sWirdeba yveladoneze, rogorc samsaxuris dawyebamde,aseve samsaxurisgan mouwyvetlad, raTauzrunvelyofil iqnes uaRresad qmediTipersonali da umaRlesi xarisxis momsaxurebabavSvebisTvis.6.reabilitaciisa da socialuri reintegraciismomsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmauzrunvelyon xelmisawvdomi,bavSvebze orientirebuli da sayovelTaojandacvisa da socialurimomsaxureba, rac moicavs bavSvebisda, Tu saWiroa, maTi ojaxebis pirveladda saswrafo samedicino daxmarebasada iuridiul momsaxurebasZaladobis aRmoCenis an gamovlenisSemTxvevaSi. jandacvis, sisxlis samarTlismarTlmsajulebis da socialurimomsaxurebis sistemebi iseunda iyos mowyobili, rom SeeZloTbavSvebis sagangebo saWiroebebisdakmayofileba.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas SeiZlebaZalze seriozuli Sedegebi mohyves janmrTelobisada socialuri TvalsazrisiT,rac Zvirad daujdebaT rogorc calkeulindividebs, aseve sazogadoebas. ZaladobisSedegebis aRmofxvras sxvadasxva samkurnalodawesebulebisa da daxmarebissamsaxuris Zalisxmeva dasWirdeba. reintegraciasada reabilitaciaze momuSaveuwyebebsac SeuZliaT Seamciron imis riski,rom Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebi TavadgaagrZeleben Zaladobis cikls.7.bavSvebis monawileobaCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisprevenciis, masze reagirebis da sa-Tanado monitoringis yvela aspeqt-

`rogor moxda, rom afrika, umdidresi resursebis, kulturebis dafaseulobebis mqone kontinenti, ver icavs sakuTar Svilebs – Tavis awmyos damomavals?~axalgazrda ltolvili, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika, 2005 IV w1Tan dakavSirebiT meti yuradRebadauTmon bavSvebs, angariSi gauwionmaT Sexedulebebs da gaiTvaliswinonbavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-12muxli. Zaladobis aRmosafxvreladsaWiroa bavSvTa organizaciebisa daTavad bavSvebis iniciativebis mxardaWerada waxaliseba, maTive interesebisgaTvaliswinebiT.bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia gansazRvravsbavSvis uflebas, rom Tavisuflad gamoxatosmosazreba yvela masTan dakavSirebulsakiTxze da uflebas, rom es mosazrebebiiyos gaTvaliswinebuli. bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis prevencia da sxva saxisCareva Zaladobis aRsakveTad unda iTvaliswinebdesbavSvebis Sexedulebebs dagamocdilebas, raTa Sewydes maT mimarTZaladoba. bavSvebs, romlebic nebayoflobiTda eTikuri normebis gaTvaliswinebiTmoqmedeben, mniSvnelovani wvlilis SetanaSeuZliaT rogorc maT mimarT Zaladobisproblemis aRweraSi, aseve maTTvis sandoda gamosadegari samsaxurebisa da sxva saxisCarevis uzrunvelyofaSi. valdebuleba,romelic bavSvis Sexedulebebis gamorkvevasda mxedvelobaSi miRebas gulisxmobs,unda Sevides bavSvis dacvis sakanonmdeblobazaSi da amis Sesaxeb informacia undamiewodos yvelas, vinc bavSvebTan da ojaxebTanmuSaobs.8.xelmisawvdomi da bavSvebisTvissasargeblo Setyobinebis sistemebisada samsaxurebis SeqmnaCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisfaqtebis Setyobinebis mizniT SeqmnanusafrTxo, farTod reklamirebuli,konfidencialuri da xelmisawvdomimeqanizmebi bavSvebisTvis, maTiwarmomadgenlebisa da sxvebisaTvis.yvela bavSvma, imaTi CaTvliT, vincbavSvebze mzrunvelobis specialurdawesebulebebsa da sasjelaRsrulebisinstitutebSi imyofeba,unda icodes Civilis meqanizmebisarsebobis Sesaxeb. uzrunvelyofiliunda iyos iseTi meqanizmebi, rogoricaris satelefono daxmarebis cxelixazi, romlis saSualebiT bavSvebiZaladobis Setyobinebas SeZleben,daelaparakebian kvalificiur mrCevels,mimarTaven maT daxmarebisa darCevisaTvis. garda amisa, saWiroadafiqreba axali teqnoligiebisgamoyenebiT Zaladobis Sesaxeb Setyobinebisalternatiuli gzebismoZiebaze.retrospeqtuli gamokvlevebi, romelTafarglebSic xdeba axalgazrdebis gamokiTxvabavSvobis droindeli gamocdilebisSesaxeb, metyvelebs imaze, rom Zaladobismsxverpli bavSvebis umravlesoba aravisar dalaparakebia da ar miumarTavs bavSvisdacvis samsaxurebisTvis iseT saxelmwifoebSicki, sadac arsebobs kargad ganvi-Tarebuli saTanado sistemebi. amis sxvadasxvamizezi iyo miTiTebuli, kerZod, aricodnen visTvis miemarTaT daxmarebisTvis,saTanado samsaxurebis nakleboba, arsebulisamsaxurebisadmi undobloba, zogierTSemTxvevaSi ki _ moZaladis mxridanrepresiis SiSi.bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs profesionalurijgufebi, romlebsac kanoniT evalebaTbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis nebismierieWvis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis gakeTeba sa-Tanado savaldebulo sistemebis gamoy-23bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

`yvela Cveni winadadeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, Tu samoqalaqo sazogadoebismxridan saTanado politikuri neba da mzadyofna iqneba~.axalgazrda, evropa da centraluri azia, 2006 V24bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasenebiT. zogierT qveyanaSi amgvari valdebulebakanonis ZaliT sazogadoebasacekisreba. winamdebare kvlevis Catarebisasgansxvavebuli azrebi movismineT savaldebuloSetyobinebis Sesaxeb. mTavrobamunda ganixilos Setyobinebis arsebulisistemebi da CarTos amaSi Tavad bavSvebi anaxalgazrdebi, romlebsac bavSvebis dacvissamsaxurSi SeZenili uaxlesi gamocdilebaaqvT. nebismier adgilze da garemoSi, sadacbavSvebi arian, unda arsebobdes kargadreklamirebuli da advilad xelmisawvdomisamsaxurebi, romlebic bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb Setyobinebebsan miniSnebebs gamoiZieben. xelmisawvdomiunda iyos, agreTve, samsaxurebi, sadacbavSvebs SeuZliaT mividnen da konfidencialuradisaubron imis Sesaxeb, rac maTawuxebs an tkivils ayenebs. bavSvebisaTvisiseTi konfidencialuri samsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa,romlebic garantias aZlevsbavSvebs, rom sxvebs ar gaandobs maT mierSetyobinebul faqtebs da maTi TanxmobisgareSe araviTar zomebs ar miiRebs, gardaim SemTxvevisa, rodesac bavSvs sikvdilisan seriozuli travmis safrTxe emuqreba,bevr qveyanaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs.bavSvebisaTvis konfidencialuri samsaxurebisxelmisawvdomoba, maT Soris imaT-Tvis, vinc yvelaze daucvelia ZaladobismimarT, ewinaaRmdegeba im moZvelebulkoncefcias, romlis mixedviTac mSoblebiTavianTi Svilebis `mesakuTreebi~ arian. damainc, is, rac ojaxebSi arsebuli ZaladobisSesaxeb viciT, gvarwmunebs, rom bavSvebsufleba unda hqondeT rCevisa da daxmarebisTvismimarTon konfidencialursamsaxurs.9.pasuxismgeblobis uzrunvelyofa dadausjelobis dasasruliCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmasazogadoebaSi danergonkanonis rwmena, agebineben ra pasuxsbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis yovelCamdens saTanado sisxlis samarTlis,samoqalaqo, administraciulida profesiuli procedurebisa dasanqciebis saSualebiT. im pirebs,visac bavSvebis mimarT Cadenil sisastikesada seqsualur ZaladobaSidaadanaSauleben, unda aekrZaloTbavSvebTan muSaoba.mTavrobebma bavSvebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiTunda SeimuSaon procedurebiZaladobis SemTxvevebis gamosaZieblad,romlebic msxverpls Tavidan aacilebs mravalricxovangamokiTxvasa da Semowmebas.sasamarTlo procesebze uzrunvelyofiliunda iyos mowme bavSvebis mimarT frTxilimopyroba, maT ar unda mouwioT xangrZlivsasamarTlo procesebze yofna da maT piradcxovrebas pativiscemiT unda moepyron.sasamarTlo procesebiT gamowveulistresi Semcirdeba iseTi teqnologiebisgamoyenebiT, rogoric aris videoze gadaRebuliCveneba, ekrani sasamarTlo darbazSi,mowmeebis momzadebis programa,iuridiuli daxmareba bavSvis interesebisgaTvaliswinebiT.rodesac bavSvis mimarT Zaladobis CamdenimSoblebi an ojaxis sxva wevrebi arian, oficialurCarevasTan da samarTlebriv devnasTandakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebiunda iyos miRebuli bavSvis interesebidangamomdinare. rodesac Zaladobis Camdenisxva bavSvia, saTanado reagireba reabilitaciissaxiT unda moxdes da amave drosuzrunvelyofili unda iyos dazaralebulibavSvis dacva.

`warmodgena moqmedebis gareSe aris ocneba, xolo moqmedeba warmodgenis gareSe_ koSmari~.axalgazrda, evropa da centraluri azia, 2006 VI1moZaladis mxridan Zaladobis ganmeorebaminimumamde unda iqnes dayvanili saTanadomkurnalobiT. mTavrobebs unda mouwodon,rom ganixilon Zaladobis Camdeni adamianebismdgomareoba, romlebic sasjelsixdian an mkurnaloben, raTa daadginon,Tu ramdenad ganapirobebs maTi sasjelian mkurnaloba imas, rom Zaladobis faqtiaRar ganmeordeba. amis Sesabamisad undamieceT saTanado rekomendaciebi momavalisasjelis an mkurnalobis gansazRvris mizniT.10. muSaoba bavSvebis mimarT genderuliaspeqtiT gamowveuli ZaladobisproblemazeCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmauzrunvelyon ZaladobissawinaaRdego kursis da programebisSemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba genderuliaspeqtis, agreTve, Zaladobisriskis gansxvavebuli saxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT,romlebic gogonebsda biWebs emuqrebaT. saxelmwifoebmaqalebis da gogonebis uflebebisdacvas unda Seuwyon xeli da mixedongenderuli diskriminaciis yvelaformas, rac Zaladobis aRkveTis sayovelTaostrategiis Semadgenelinawili unda gaxdes.gogonebi da biWebi sxvadasxva garemoSiZaladobis sxvadasxva formis riskis winaSearian. bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis, misi prevenciisada masze reagirebis Sesaxeb yvelasaxis gamokvleva unda iTvaliswinebdessqess. kerZod, winamdebare kvlevam daadgina,rom Zaladobis dasamarcxeblad saWiroamamakacebma da biWebma Seasrulon aqtiuriroli da itvirTon xelmZRvaneloba.11. daigegmos da ganxorcieldes saqmianobamonacemTa sistematuri Segrovebisada saTanado kvlevis Casatarebladsaxelmwifos masStabiTCemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmagaaumjobeson monacemTa Segrovebisada sainformacio sistemebi,raTa moxdes daucveli qvejgufebisidentificireba, ganisazRvros informirebiswesi da programirebayvela doneze da dafiqsirdes bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis aRkveTis saqmeSimiRweuli progresi. saxelmwifoebmasaerTaSoriso standartebis gaTvaliswinebiTgansazRvruli erovnuliindikatorebi unda gamoiyenon dauzrunvelyon is, rom Segrovdes,gaanalizdes da gavrceldes monacemebida SesaZlebeli gaxdes miRweuliprogresis monitoringi. sadac ar arsebobs,unda Seiqmnas da amuSavdes dabadebis,gardacvalebis da qorwinebisregistraciis sistemebi mTeliqveynis masStabiT. saxelmwifoebmaunda Seagrovon da Seinaxon monacemebimSoblebis mzrunvelobas moklebulida sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSimyofi bavSvebis Sesaxeb.monacemebi klasificirebuli undaiyos sqesis, asakis, qalaqis/soflis,saojaxo meurneobis da ojaxis maxasiaTeblebis,ganaTlebisa da eTnikuriwarmomavlobis mixedviT. garda amisa,saxelmwifoebma unda SeimuSaonsaxelmwifo masStabis gamokvlevisgegma bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT, romelic yuradRebasgaamaxvilebs garemoze, sadac ZaladobaiCens Tavs. masSi unda SevidesbavSvebisa da mSoblebis interviuebzedamyarebuli kvlevebi, sadac25bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

26bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasgansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqcevagogonebisa da biWebis daucveljgufebs.codnis gaRrmavebisa da gaumjobesebuliprogramis SemuSavebisTvis gadamwyvetimniSvneloba aqvs bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobiskvlevis gegmas, romelic gansxvavebulgaremos iTvaliswinebs da saxelmwifomasStabisaa. aseTi gegmebi unda moicavdesbavSvebs, mSoblebs, momsaxurebis mimwodeblebsda sxvebs da unda iyenebdessxvadasxva meTods, kerZod _ gamokiTxva-Seswavlas, Setyobinebisa da registraciisgaumjobesebul sistemebs da gamoZiebisprocedurebs, regularul gamokvlevebs,romlis drosac gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobaeniWeba gogonebisa da biWebisdaucvel jgufebs.verc erTi qveyana ver Seurigdeba bavSvebismimarT Zaladobas. yvelgan arsebobs imissaWiroeba, rom meti gamokvleva CatardesZaladobis gavrcelebis mizezebis da prevenciissakiTxebze. Cveni SesaZlebloba,rom ganvsazRvroT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobissxvadasxva formis masStabi, damaxasiaTebeliTvisebebi da tendenciebi, Sez-Rudulia TviT ganviTarebul qveynebSicki. yvela qveyanam unda gaaZlieros bavSvebismimarT ZaladobasTan dakavSirebulisikvdilianobis, travmebis da qcevis monitoringi,raTa gansazRvros gaRrmavdaTu Sesustda problema, agreTve, kavSiriam tendenciebsa da prevenciis sxvadasxvastrategias Soris. unda arsebobdes ZaladobisSesaxeb monacemTa Segrovebis er-Tiani saerTaSoriso standartebi, raTaSesaZlebeli iyos Sedareba da uzrunvelyofiliiyos eTikuri usafrTxoebis zomebi.miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTma qveyanamgarkveul progress miaRwia bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis zogierTi formisprevenciis saqmeSi, damatebiTi kvlevisCatarebaa saWiroa im kursisa da programebisidentificirebisTvis, romlebic saWiroda efeqtiania bavSvebis, gansakuTrebiT ki_ daucveli gogonebisa da biWebis mimarTZaladobis yvela formis prevenciisaTvis.12. gaZlierdes saerTaSoriso valdebulebebiCemi rekomendaciaa, rom yvelasaxelmwifom moaxdinos bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciis da misi orifakultaturi oqmis - SeiaraRebulkonfliqtebSi bavSvebis Cabmis dabavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvebis prostituciisada bavSvebis pornografiisSesaxeb _ ratificireba da ganxorcieleba.yvela daTqma, romelickonvenciisa da fakultaturi oqmebismiznebTan SeuTavsebelia, amoRebulunda iqnes venis deklaraciis da adamianisuflebaTa 1993 wlis msofliokonferenciis samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad.saxelmwifoebma adamianisuflebebTan dakavSirebuli yvela imsaTanado saerTaSoriso da regionuliinstrumentis ratificireba undamoaxdinon, romlebic bavSvTa dacvasuzrunvelyofs, maT Soris _ konvenciawamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianurian damamcirebeli mopyrobisan dasjis Sesaxeb da misi fakultaturioqmi; romis sisxlis samarTlissaerTaSoriso sasamarTlos wesdeba;konvencia qalTa diskriminaciis yvelaformis Sesaxeb da misi fakultaturioqmi; Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciiskonvenciebi #138 dasaqmebis

1minimaluri dasaSvebi asakis Sesaxebda #182 bavSvis Sromis yvelaze cudiformebis Sesaxeb; gaeros konvenciatransnacionaluri organizebulidanaSaulis Sesaxeb da adamianebiT,gansakuTrebiT _ qalebiT dabavSvebiT trefikingis prevenciis,aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb, romelicgaeros transnacionaluri organizebulidanaSaulis Sesaxeb konvenciisdamatebas warmoadgens. saxelmwifoebmaunda Seasrulon TavianTiyvela saerTaSoriso kanonieri valdebulebada ufro aqtiurad iTanam-Sromlon xelSekrulebis Sesrulebismakontrolebel organoebTan.Cemi rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifoebmaimoqmedon ZaladobisaRkveTasTan dakavSirebiT aRebulivaldebulebebis Sesabamisad, valdebulebebis,romlebic maT bavSvebisproblemebisadmi miZRvnil gaerosgeneraluri asambleis specialur sesiazeikisres. maT unda gaiTvaliswinon,agreTve, janmrTelobis msoflioorganizaciis asambleis rezoluciaZaladobisa da janmrTelobis Sesaxebmsoflio angariSis 27 rekomendaciebisganxorcielebis Taobaze da sxvaregionuli rezoluciebi janmrTelobissakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT,romlebic xels uwyobs pirveli rezoluciisSesrulebas.ganxorcieleba daSemdgomi RonisZiebebigeneraluri asambleisTvis wardgenilimoxseneba kvlevis Sesaxeb xazs usvamdaimas, rom rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebisupirvelesi pasuxismgebloba mTavrobebsekisrebaT. Tumca, amis gakeTeba sxvebsacSeuZliaT qveynis, regionul da saerTa-Soriso doneebze, rac did daxmarebas gauwevssaxelmwifoebs nakisri valdebulebebisSesrulebaSi. maT Soris arian gaerosuwyebebi, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi,adamianis uflebaTa dacvis da profesiuliorganizaciebis CaTvliT, rogoric ariseqimTa da sxva samedicino personalis asociaciebi,agreTve, ganaTlebis muSakebi,mSoblebi da bavSvebi. ganxorcielebis ZiriTadistrategiebi qvemoT aris mocemuli.qveynisa da regionisdoneebiwinamdebare kvleva upirveles mniSvnelobasaniWebs rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebasqveynis doneze, yvela gogonasada biWis sakeTildReod. am TvalsazrisiTgaeros generaluri asambleisTvis wardgenilimoxseneba xazs usvams qveynis donezeCasatarebeli RonisZiebebis saswrafodganxorcielebis aucileblobas da Semdegamocanebs usaxavs mTavrobebs:• 2007 wlisTvis moxdes bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis aRkveTis da masze reagirebismizniT Casatarebeli RonisZiebebisintegracia saerTo-saqveyno dagegmvisprocesSi. amaSi Sedis sakoordinaciocentris Seqmna, sasurvelia, saministrosdoneze.• 2009 wlisTvis kanonis ZaliT aikrZalosbavSvebis mimarT yovelgvariZaladoba da daiwyos procesi, romelicxels Seuwyobs monacemTa Segrovebissaimedo sistemis Camoyalibebasqveynis masStabiT.27bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

28bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasgarda amisa, mTavrobebs mouwodeben, romwinamdebare kvlevis rekomendaciebis SesrulebasTandakavSirebiT informacia warudginonbavSvis uflebaTa komitets perioduliangariSebis saxiT.saerTaSoriso organizaciebma xeli undaSeuwyon mTavrobebs am rekomendaciebisganxorcielebaSi. saerTaSoriso safinansoorganizaciebma unda gadaxedon TavianTstrategias da saqmianobas, raTa gaiTvaliswinonis gavlena, romlis moxdenac maTSeuZliaT bavSvebze. sxvadasxva qveyanaSiganTavsebulma gaeros organizaciebmasiRaribis daZlevis strategiaSi, qveynismasStabiT Casatarebel koordinirebulSefasebebsa da ganviTarebis xelSewyobisprogramebSi unda CaurTon bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisRonisZiebebi.mTavrobebma unda ifiqron bavSvis uflebebisdamcveli ombudsmenis an komisris TanamdebobisSemoRebaze, rac unda Seesabamebodesparizis principebs. 28 es damoukidebeliinstitutebi janmrTelobisa dabavSvTa dacvis problemebze momuSavesxva uwyebebTan unda TanamSromlobdnenda flobdnen bavSvis uflebaTa saxelmwifo,regionul da adgilobriv doneebzemonitoringis mandats. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSiisini uflebamosili unda iyvnen,rom sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebisgan,maT Soris, bavSvebisgan miiRon da gamoiZionsaCivrebi bavSvis uflebebis darRvevisSesaxeb.Oimis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kvlevisCatarebaSi regionuli organizaciebicmonawileobdnen, saTanado rekomendaciebisganxorcielebaSi da amis SemdgomiRonisZiebebis gatarebaSi regionuli uwyebebicunda iyvnen Cabmuli, risTvisacregionuli meqanizmebis Semdgomi daxvewaasaWiro. sasurvelia, rom kvlevis fargleb-Si SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis ganxorcielebismonitoringSi adamianis ufleba-Ta dacvis regionuli sistemebic CaerTos.saerTaSoriso doneMimis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi didimniSvneloba aqvs seqtorTaSoris koordinacias,kvlevis Sesaxeb winamdebare angariSiwinadadebas iZleva, rom mTavrobebmadaniSnon generaluri mdivnis sagangebowarmomadgeneli, romelic bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis sakiTxebze imuSavebs. sagangebowarmomadgeneli unda saqmianobdesglobaluri masStabiT, bavSvebis mimarTyovelgvari Zaladobis aRsakveTad, saer-TaSoriso da regionuli TanamSromlobisdasamyareblad, kvlevis farglebSi SemuSavebulirekomendaciebis Sesrulebismonitoringisa da amasTan dakavSirebuliRonisZiebebis gatarebis mizniT.sagangebo warmomadgeneli unda avrcelebdesda propagandas unda uwevdes kvlevisfarglebSi SemuSavebul rekomendaciebssxvadasxva saerTaSoriso, regionul daqveynis masStabiT gamarTul forumze daperiodul angariSebs waradgendes adamianisuflebaTa sabWoSi da generalurasambleaSi. garda amisa, wamoyenebuliawinadadeba, rom am kvlevis farglebSi SemuSavebulirekomendaciebis SesrulebisSesaxeb angariSi generaluri asambleissamocdamexuTe sesias 2010 wels moaxsenon.

1sagangebo warmomadgenelma mWidrod undaiTanamSromlos bavSvis uflebaTa komitet-Tan; generaluri mdivnis sagangebo warmomadgenelTan,romelic SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSiCaTreuli bavSvebis problemazemuSaobs; sagangebo momxsenebelTan bavSvebiTvaWrobis, bavSvebis prostituciis dapornografiis sferoSi da sagangebo momxseneblebTanqalebis mimarT Zaladobis daadamianebiT trefikingis sferoSi, magramar unda moaxdinos maTi saqmianobis dublireba.man unda iTanamSromlos adamianisuflebaTa dacvis regionul sistemebTanda monawileoba miiRos yvela Semdgom regionulda saxelmwifo iniciativaSi.rekomendebulia, rom sagangebo warmomadgenlismandati Tavdapirvelad iyos oTxwliani.am kvlevisTvis damaxasiaTebeliwarmatebuli uwyebaTaSorisi TanamSromlobisgaTvaliswinebiT, sagangebo warmomadgenelsmxari unda dauWiron gaerosadamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisrisofisma, iunisefma da janmrTelobis msoflioorganizaciam. mas xeli unda Seuwyos,agreTve, gaeros uwyebaTaSorisma jgufma,romelic bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisproblemaze muSaobs da romlis SemadgenlobaSicarian arasamTavrobo organizaciebiswarmomadgenlebi da Tavad bavSvebi.literatura1. Krug EG et al. (Eds) (2002). World Report onViolence and Health. Geneva, World HealthOrganization.2. Krug EG et al. (Eds) (2002). World Report onViolence and Health. Geneva, World HealthOrganization, gv.5.3. Shonkoff JP, Philips DA (Eds) (2000). FromNeurons to Neighborhoods: The Science ofEarly Childhood. Washington DC, NationalAcademy Press4. Krug EG et al. (Eds) (2002). World Report onViolence and Health. Geneva, World HealthOrganization.5. Ten Bensel RW, Rheinberger MM, Radbill SX(1997). Children in a World of Violence: TheRoots of Child Maltreatment. wyaro:HelferM. et al. (Eds). The Battered Child. Chicago,University of Chicago Press, gv. 3-286. United Nations Secretary-General (2006).Report of the Independent Expert for theUnited Nations Study on Violence againstChildren. Promotion and protection of therights of children. United Nations GeneralAssembly, Sixty-first session. A/61/299.7. Reza A et al. (2001). Epidemiology of ViolentDeaths in the World. Injury Prevention, 7:104-1118. Krug EG et al. (Eds) (2002). World Report onViolence and Health. Geneva, World HealthOrganization.9. Global Initiative to End all Corporal Punishmentof Children (2006). Global Summary of theLegal Status of Corporal Punishment ofChildren. 28 June 2008.10. monawileTa sia ix. gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis generalurimdivnis samsaxuris kvlevis _ ZaladobabavSvebis mimarT _ vebsaitze: http/www.violencestudy.org.29bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

30bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas11. Save the Children Alliance (2005). 10Essential Learning Points: Listen and SpeakOut against Sexual Abuse of Girls and Boys.Global Submission by the International Savethe Children Alliance to the UN Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children. Oslo,Save the Children Norway.12. Bruce J. (2002) Married Adolescents Girls:Human Rights, Health and Development Needsof a Neglected Majority. naSromi warmoadginamosaxleobis sabWom (Population Council)mxardasaWer RonisZiebaze _ adreuliqorwineba adamianis uflebaTa konteqstSi,gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciismier bavSvebisaTvis miZRvnil specialursesiaze, 8-10 maisi, 2002 weli.13. WHO (2006). Global Estimates of HealthConsequences Due to Violence againstChildren. damxmare masala gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnissamsaxuris kvlevisaTvis _ ZaladobabavSvebis mimarT. Jeneva, janmrTelobis msoflioorganizacia.14. msoflio studenturi janmrTelobismimoxilva (Global School-based StudentHealth Survey) is mier gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis generalurimdivnis samsaxuris kvlevisaTvis _Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT _ Catarebuligamokvlevebi, janmrTelobis msoflioorganizaciam (http://www.who.int/chp/gshsan http://www.cdc.gov/gshs ) gamokvlevebiCaatara 2003-2005 ww-Si botsvanaSi,CileSi (dedaqalaqis raionSi), CineTSi(beijingi), gvianaSi, iordaniaSi, keniaSi,libanSi, namibiaSi, omanSi, filipinebze,svazilendSi, ugandaSi, arabTagaerTianebul saamiroebSi, venesuelaSi(lara), zambiasa da zimbabveSi (harare).15. Currie C et al. (2004). Health behaviourin School-aged Children (HBSC) Study:International Report from the 2001/2002Survey. Health Policy for Children andAdolescents, No 4. Geneva, World HealthOrganization.16. WHO (2006). Global Estimates of HealthConsequences Due to Violence againstChildren. damxmare masala gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnissamsaxuris kvlevisaTvis _ ZaladobabavSvebis mimarT. Jeneva, janmrTelobis msoflioorganizacia, efuZneba varaudebs, warmodgenils:Andrews G. et al. (2004). Child Sexual Abuse. Tavi23 Ezzati M et al. (2004). Comparative Quantificationof Health Risks: Global and regional Burden ofdisease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors,Vol 2. Geneva, World Health Organization, gv.1851-1940, da iyenebs gaeros mosaxleobisganyofilebis monacemebs 18 wlamde asakismosaxleobis Sesaxeb.17. UNICEF (2005). Changing a Harmful SocialConvention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.Innocenti Digest. Florence. UNICEF InnocentiResearch Centre.18. ILO (2006). The End of Child Labour: WithinReach. Global Report. Geneva, InternationalLabour Organization.19. ILO (2002). A Future Without Child Labour.Global Report. Geneva, International LabourOrganization.20. Global Initiative to End all Corporal Punishmentof Children (2006). Global Summary of theLegal Status of Corporal Punishment ofChildren. 28 June 2006.21. WHO (2006). Global Estimates of HealthConsequences Due to Violence againstChildren. damxmare masala gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnissamsaxuris kvlevisaTvis _ ZaladobabavSvebis mimarT. Jeneva, janmrTelobismsoflio organizacia.22. Runyan D et al. (2002).Child Abuse andNeglect by Parents and Other Caregivers. KrugEG et al. (Eds). World Report on Violence andHealth. Geneva, World Health Organization, gv.59-86.23. Perry BD (2001). The NeurodevelopmentalImpact of Violence in Childhood. SchetkyD., Benedek EP (Eds). Textbook of Child and

1Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry. WashingtonDC, American Psychiatric Press, gv. 221-238.24. Felitti VJ et al. (1998). Relationship ofChildhood Abuse and Household Dysfunctionto many of the Leading Causes of Death inAdults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences(ACE) Study. American Journal of PreventiveMedicine 14, gv. 245-258.25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2006). Adverse Childhood Experience Study.Atlanta, GA, National Centers for InjuryPrevention and Control, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention. ix.:http//www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/ACE.26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2006). Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.Atlanta, GA, National Centers for InjuryPrevention and Control, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention. ix.:http//www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/ACE.27. Panel on Research on Child Abuse andNeglect, Commission on Behavioral and SocialSciences and Education, National ResearchCouncil (1999). Understanding Child Abuseand Neglect. Washington DC, NationalAcademy Press.28. Fromm S (2001). Total Estimates of the Costof Child Abuse and Neglect in the UnitedStates _ Statistical Evidence. Chicago (IL),Prevent Child Abuse America (PCAA). 14agvisto 2006.29. ix.: http://www.preventchildabuse.org/learn_more/research_docs/cost_analysis.pdf.30. WHO (2003). Implementing theRecommendations of the World Reporton Violence and Health. Report on theWorld Health Assembly, WHA56.24, 56-ejanmrTelobis msoflio asamblea. Jeneva,janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia.31. United Nations (1993). Principles Relatingto the Status and Functioning of NationalInstitutions for Protection and Promotionof Human Rights. ix.: http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs19.htm#annex. esrekomendaciebi generalurma asambleamwarmoadgina Tavis rezoluciebSi: A/RES/48/134 1993 wlis 20 dekembericitirebis wyaroebiI. United Nations Secretary - General’s Study onViolence against Children. (2005). RegionalConsultation Outcome Report: South Asia, gv.3 ix.: http/www.violencestudy.org/r27.II. Commissioner for Human Rights (2006).Children and corporal punishment: The rightnot to be bit, also a children’s right. Issuepaper 2006/1. 6 June 2006. Strasbourg,Council of Europe.III. United Nations Secretary- General’s Study onViolence against Children. General (2005).Regional Desk Review: South Asia, gv. 23. ix.:http://www.violencestudy.org/r27.IV. United Nations Secretary- General’s Study onViolence against Children. General (2005).Regional Consultation Outcome Report:Eastern and Southern Africa, gv. 18. ix.: http://www.violencestudy.org/r27.V. Council of Europe (2006). Monaco launchingconference for ‘Building a Europe for andwith Children’, 4-5 aprili, 2006 weli. ix.: p://www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/events/monacoLaunch_en.aspVI. Council of Europe (2006). Monaco launchingconference for ‘Building a Europe for andwith Children’, 4-5 aprili, 2006 weli. ix.: p://www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/events/monacoLaunch_en.asp31bolo movuRoT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas

UNICEF/HQ05-1931. Roger Lemoynehaiti, 2005 weli. gogonebi dganan kedelTan petonvilis cixis betonis ezoSi. port-o-prensisgareubani.

2Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarTda adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSorisosamarTali da standartebiSesavali 35bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 36sisxlis samarTlis, humanitaruli, ltolvilTa da SromissaerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba 41adamianis uflebaTa regionuli sistemebi 42arasavaldebulo dokumentebi 43gamoyenebuli literatura 4733Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

34Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

`visurvebdi, rac SeiZleba swrafad Seqmniliyo saerTaSoriso asociaciebisada organizaciebis koalicia, romelic daexmareboda im mTavrobebs, romlebicdaiwyeben specialuri zomebis gatarebas, raTa aRkveTon bavSvebis mimarTCadenili yvelaze seriozuli danaSaulebis dausjeloba. aseTi zomebia:danaSaulis samarTlebrivi devnisTvis gankuTvnili drois gagrZeleba TuSemcireba, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis gafarToeba an iseTi modelisa TusaerTo kanonis SemoReba, romelic amkacrebs bavSvTa trefikingis (maT Sorisinternetis saSualebiT) winaaRmdeg mimarTul zomebs~.princesa karolina hanoveri, 2006 wlis aprili I2SesavaliTiToeul bavSvs aqvs fizikuri da pirovnulixelSeuxeblobis da Zaladobis yvelaformisgan dacvis ufleba. bavSvebs, iseve,rogorc yvela adamians, SeuZliaT isargeblonsxvadasxva saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiTgarantirebuli yvela uflebiT,romelic adamianis uflebaTa sayovel-Tao deklaraciidan gamomdinareobs. 1 maTufleba aqvT, agreTve, isargeblon saer-TaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumentebiTuzrunvelyofili dacviT, rac formulirebuliasisxlis, humanitarul da SromissaerTaSoriso samarTalSi.1 *adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciismiRebis Semdeg, romelicpirveli oficialuri, magram iuridiuladarasavaldebulo gancxadeba iyo adamianisuflebaTa Sesaxeb, SemuSavda 60 SeTanxmeba,romlebic monobis, samarTalwarmoebis,ltolvilTa da umciresobaTa statusissakiTxebs ganixilavda. yvela maTgani dafuZnebuliadiskriminaciis akrZalvis,Tanasworobisa da TiToeuli da yvela adamianisRirsebis aRiarebis koncefciebze,rogorc es adamianis uflebaTa sayovel-Tao deklaraciaSia mocemuli da garkveviTacxadebs, rom, Tanasworobis principebidangamomdinare, maTSi Camoyalibebuliuflebebi vrceldeba yvelaze, maT Soris_ bavSvebze.bavSvebze vrceldeba uflebebi da wesebi,Camoyalibebuli saerTaSoriso uflebaTabilSi, romelic Sedgeba ekonomikur, saocialurda kulturul uflebaTa, agreTve,*damatebiTi informacia am TavSi moxseniebulyvela dokumentTan dakavSirebiT ix. SemdegmisamarTze internetSi: http://www.ohchr.orgsamoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saer-TaSoriso paqtebisgan. maTze aseve vrceldebasagangebo SeTanxmebebSi mocemuliuflebebi da dacva, maT Soris, rasobrivdiskriminaciasTan, qalebis diskriminaciasTan,wamebis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebiT,agreTve, migrant muSebsa da maTi ojaxiswevrebTan dakavSirebiT. es instrumentebi,romlebic iuridiulad savaldebuloamaTi mimRebi saxelmwifoebisTvis, Seicavendebulebebs bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT. zogierTi SeTanxmeba, ker-Zod, ori paqti, aseve Seicavs debulebebsbavSvebis sagangebo dacvis Sesaxeb.amgvarad, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturuluflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtiSeicavs debulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac,bavSvebi daculi unda iyvnen ekonomikurida socialuri eqspluataciisgan da bavSvebisdasaqmeba iseT samuSaoze, romeliczians ayenebs maT zneobas, janmrTelobas,saxifaToa maTi sicocxlisaTvis an aferxebsmaT normalur ganviTarebas, kanoniTunda isjebodes. samoqalaqo da politikuruflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti calsaxadkrZalavs bavSvebisTvis da 18 wlamdeaxalgazrdebisTvis sikvdilis ganaCenisgamotanas. aqve Sesulia, agreTve, debulebebibraldebuli da msjavrdadebuli bavSvebismimarT saTanado mopyrobis Sesaxeb,romlebic, gansakuTrebiT moiTxoven, rombavSvebi moaTavson zrdasruli braldebulebisada damnaSaveebisagan gancalkevebiT.qalebis diskriminaciis yvela formisaRkveTis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvenciamTlianad exeba 18 wlis asakamde gogonebs.am konvenciis 16.2 muxli iTvaliswinebs,rom bavSvis niSnobas da qorwinebas ar undahqondes iuridiuli Zala da saxelmwifoebmayvela zoma unda miiRon, rom ganisazRv-35Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

`mjera, rom bavSvebis dacvaze ufro mniSvnelovani araferia, radgan es maT yveladanarCen uflebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, iqneba es ganviTareba, gadarCena Tumonawileoba. am uflebis upiratesi mniSvnelobis aRiareba da gadawyvetilebis miRebabavSvis dacvis programebis SemuSavebasa da institutebis daarsebasTan dakavSirebiTyvela qveynisTvis swori mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli giganturi nabijia~.q-ni lovlin keikeri, saerTo mdivani, qalTa dabavSvTa ganviTarebis saministros samdivno, indoeTi.36Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebiros qorwinebis minimaluri asaki da qorwinebissavaldebulo registracia moxdesoficialur reestrebSi.dReisaTvis arsebuli dacva, uzrunvelyofiliadamianis uflebaTa saerTaSorisosamarTliT, gafarTovdeba bavSvebTandakavSirebuli im paqtebis dasrulebiT,romlebic gauCinarebas da unarSezRudulobasexeba da romelTa gaformeba amJamadmimdinareobs. unarSezRuduli bavSvebisuflebebTan dakavSirebuli konkretulidebulebebi, maT Soris, saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebi,rom aRkveTon Zaladoba aseTibavSvebis mimarT, Setanilia unarSezRuduliadamianebis uflebaTa Sesaxeb konvenciisproeqtSi, romelic wardgenili iqnebadasamtkiceblad generaluri asambleis61-e sesiaze.adamianis Svidi ZiriTadi uflebis yovelipaqtis monitorings eqspertTa komitetisxvadasxva proceduris saSualebiTatarebs. TiToeuli es procedura saxelmwifoTamier saTanado paqtis ganxorcielebaswarmodgenili angariSebis safuZvelzeaanalizebs da rekomendaciebs iZlevaSemdgom RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT.oTxi komiteti uflebamosilia ganixiloscalkeuli pirebis peticiebi, romlebicacxadeben, rom maTi uflebebi Seilaxa,Tuki saxelmwifos, sadac msgavsi faqtebimoxda, miRebuli aqvs es procedura. orkomitets aqvs uflebamosileba, rom gamoiZiospaqtis seriozuli, sistematuri anuxeSi darRvevis SemTxvevebi, Tuki dakmayofilebuliaigive piroba, anu saxelmwifosmiRebuli aqvs es procedura. msgavs procedurebsSeicavs xelSekrulebis proeqtigauCinarebisa da SezRuduli unaris Sesaxeb,xolo wamebisa da sastiki, arahumanurida damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis Sesaxebkonvenciis fakultatur oqms Semoaqvsmonawile saxelmwifoebis TavisuflebisaRkveTis adgilebis monaxulebis sistema. EBUTiToeulma uwyebam, romelmac xelSekrulebadaamtkica, xazgasmiT aRniSna, romsaxelmwifo valdebulia sagangebo zomebigaataros bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis aRsakveTadda masze reagirebisTvis, racdafiqsirda maT daskvnebSi, angariSebsa daramdenime gadawyvetilebaSi peticiebTandakavSirebiT. ramdenime saxelSekruleboorganomac daamtkica zogadi komentarebian rekomendaciebi, romlebSic mocemuliasaxelmwifoTa valdebulebebi bavSvis mimarTZaladobis aRsakveTad. ekonomikis,socialuri da kulturuli uflebebiskomitetis zogad komentarSi ganaTlebisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnulia, romsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi fizikuridasjis gamoyeneba SeuTavsebeliasaerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobasTan da adamianisRirsebasTan. qalTa diskriminaciisaRmofxvris komitetma saxelmwifoebisaTviskonvenciis Tanaxmad gansazRvrulivaldebulebebis Sesaxeb miiRo zogadi rekomendacia,romelic exeba qalis sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjebas, aseve _ zogadikomentari genderul safuZvelze qalebismimarT Zaladobaze.bavSvis uflebaTakonvenciamiuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvis uflebebidaculia adamianis uflebaTa saerTa-Soriso xelSekrulebebiT da SeTanxmebebiT,gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisarsebobis adreul etapze saerTaSorisosazogadoebriobam gaacnobiera bavSvisuflebebis sagangebo dacvis aucilebloba.generaluri asambleis bavSvis ufle-

`bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg saxelmwifoebma undamiiRon kanonebi, margulirebeli wesebi da programebi da uzrunvelyon, romTiToeuli bavSvi siyvarulisa da urTierTgagebis atmosferoSi gaizardos,SiSisa da gaWirvebis gareSe, daculi iyos diskriminaciisgan, Zaladobisa daeqspluataciisgan, hqondes potenciuri SesaZleblobebis sruli ganviTarebissaSualeba. konvenciiT Cven valdebulebas vkisrulobT, rom cxovrebiseuliSesaZleblobebi ar iyos ganpirobebuli imiT, Tu ra pirobebSi ibadeba adamiani~.marta santos paisi, gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis Sesaxeb kvlevis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri2baTa 1959 wlis deklaraciam Camoayalibaiuridiulad arasavaldebulo 10 principi,romelic bavSvis dacvas isaxavs miznad.bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, romelic ayalibebsiuridiulad savaldebulo standartebs,generalurma asambleam miiRo1989 wels. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciagarkveviT acxadebs, rom bavSvebs aqvTuflebebi da aRiarebs maT damoukidebelsamarTlebriv subieqtebad, romlebic ganviTarebisstadiaSi imyofebian. es dokumentiyvelaze farTod miRebuli xelSekrulebaaadamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, romelicratificirebulia an romelsac SeuerTda192 saxelmwifo.konvenciis ZiriTadi 42 muxli aRwers samoqalaqo,politikur, ekonomikur, socialurda kulturul uflebebs, romlebicformulirebulia bavSvis konkretulimoTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad. bavSvi,konvenciis Tanaxmad, aris yoveli adamiani18 wlis asakamde, Tuki romelime qveyniskanonmdeblobis mixedviT bavSvi ufroadre ar aRwevs srulwlovnebas. 2bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia adgens samarTlebrivprincipebs da detalur normebs,romelTa Tanaxmad unda imarTebodes bavSvebTandakavSirebuli yvela kanoni, wesi dapraqtika. es moicavs Zaladobis aRkveTisxelSewyobas da saTanado reagirebas Zaladobisyvela formisgan bavSvebis dasacavad.bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis yvela muxliamkvidrebs bavSvebis fizikuri da piradixelSeuxeblobis uflebas, maTi dacvismaRal standartebs. me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad,konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi `yvelaaucilebel sakanonmdeblo, administraciul,socialur da saganmanaTleblozomas iReben im mizniT, rom bavSvi daicvanmSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an bavSvzemzrunveli nebismieri sxva piris mxridannebismieri formis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuriZaladobisagan, Seuracxyofisa Tuborotad gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobismoklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan,uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisagan, seqsualurigamoyenebis CaTvliT~. am valdebulebismniSvnelobas gansakuTrebiT usvamsxazs bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti.komitetma xazi gausva, agreTve, romaucilebelia aikrZalos yovelgvari ZaladobabavSvis mimarT. aq igulisxmeba fizikuridasjis yvela forma, Tundac yvelazemsubuqi. komitetis zogadi komentari #8bavSvis uflebis Sesaxeb, rom daculi iyosfizikuri dasjisgan da dasjis sxva sastikida damamcirebeli formebisgan, miRebulimis 42-e sesiaze 2006 wlis maisSi, gansakuTrebuladaRniSnavs yvela saxelmwifosmovaleobas swrafad imoqmedos fizikuridasjis da dasjis sxva damamcirebeliformebis akrZalvis mizniT, yuradRebasamaxvilebs sakanonmdeblo, informaciisgavrcelebis da saganmanaTlebloRonisZiebebze, romlebic saxelmwifoebmaunda gaataron. 3zogadi komentari naTels xdis, rom komitetiar uaryofs disciplinis pozitiurprincips da aRiarebs, rom bavSvis aRzrdada masze zrunva, gansakuTrebiT Cvili damcirewlovani bavSvebisa, xSirad moiTxovsfizikur moqmedebas da Carevas maTi dacvismizniT. komiteti aRniSnavs, rom amgvariqmedeba Sors aris dasjis mizniT ganzraxqmedebisagan, rac tkivils ayenebs, diskomfortsuqmnis an amcirebs bavSvs.37Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

`bavSvebs yoveldRiurad Ralatoben – dumiliT, umoqmedobiT da dausjelobiT.maswavleblebi, romlebmac sqesobrivi Seuracxyofa miayenes TavianT moswavleebs, kvlavacagrZeleben swavlebas. policiis TanamSromlebi, romlebic mowmeebis TandaswrebiTawamebdnen bavSvebs, agrZeleben movaleobis Sesrulebas. obolTa TavSesafrebis personali,sisastikis da daudevari mopyrobis Tavzardamcem pirobebSi aqcevs bavSvebs da ar agebspasuxs. xSirad bavSvebi ormag tanjvas ganicdian _ roca Zaladobis msxverpli xdebian daroca uflebamosili organoebi ar agebineben pasuxs moZalades~.jo beikeri, gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuris bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxebkvlevis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri38Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi`ojaxebSi, skolebsa da sxva garemoSifarTod aris miRebuli da gavrcelebulibavSvebis fizikuri dasjis mimarTmimtevebluri damokidebuleba. amas-Tan brZola ki aris ara mxolod saxelmwifoTavaldebuleba, gansazRvrulikonvenciiT, aramed es aris Zaladobisyvela formis Semcirebisa da aRkveTisZiriTadi strategia sxvadasxva sazogadoebaSi~.bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti,zogadi komentari #8, punqti 3. 4bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 28(2)-e muxlimoiTxovs, rom moxdes saskolo disciplinis`dacva im meTodebiT, romlebic bavSvisadamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemas da amkonvencias efuZneba~. am debulebis interpretaciisdros komiteti xazs usvams, rom,amis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaTganaTlebis sistemaSi akrZalon`...bavSvebi ar kargaven adamianis uflebebs,skolis zRurbls rodesac gadaabijeben.amitom ise unda miewodoTganaTleba, rom maTi adamianuri Rirsebaar Seilaxos, Tavisuflad SeZlonTavianTi Sexedulebebis gamoxatva, me-12 (1) muxlis Tanaxmad, da monawileobamiiRon skolis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.garda amisa, maT ise unda miawodonganaTleba, rom angariSi gaewios 28(2)-emuxlSi asaxul disciplinis normebs,rac gulisxmobs skolebSi ZaladobisaRkveTas...~bavSvis uflebaTa komitetizogadi komentari #1 5fizikuri dasja da disciplinis sxva damamcirebelida mavne formebi.32-e da 36-e muxlebi aZlierebs bavSviskanonier uflebas, daculi iyos eqspluataciissxvadasxva formisgan, maT Soris:ekonomikuri eqspluataciisgan da `nebismierisamuSaosagan, romelic saxifaToSeiZleba iyos an xels uSlides bavSvisganaTlebas, mavnea misi janmrTelobis anfizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri Tu socialuriganviTarebisTvis~ (muxli 32); `narkotikulisaSualebebis da fsiqotropuliwamlebis ukanono moxmarebisgan~ da `amgvarinivTierebebis ukanono warmoebaSiCaTrevisgan~ (muxli 33); `seqsualuri eqspluataciisda Seuracxyofis yvela formisgan~,prostituciis da pornografiisCaTvliT (muxli 34); motacebis, gayidvisda trefikingisgan (muxli 35); `eqspluataciisyvela sxva formisgan, romelic ziansayenebs bavSvis keTildReobas~ (muxli 36).38-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac monawilesaxelmwifoebi kisruloben valdebulebas,rom pativi scen saerTaSoriso humanitarulikanonis normebs da uzrunvelyon maTipativiscema SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSibavSvebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, exmaurebaJenevis konvenciaSi formulirebulvaldebulebebs, xolo 37-e muxli acxadebs,rom arc erTi bavSvi ar unda gaxdes`wamebis an sxva sastiki, arahumanurian damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjisobieqti~, arc erT bavSvs ar unda miesajossikvdiliT dasja an samudamo patimroba.37-e muxli krZalavs, agreTve, bavSvis Tavisuflebisnebismieri saxis TviTnebur anukanono SezRudvas da mkacr normebs dapirobebs awesebs Tavisuflebis yvelanairSezRudvaze, romelic vlindeba rogorcbavSvis `keTildReobis~, aseve `sasjelis~miznebidan gamomdinare. 39-e muxli saxelm-

2wifoebs avaldebulebs, rom yvela zoma miiRonZaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis fizikurida fsiqologiuri gajansaRebisa dasocialuri reintegraciisTvis.37-e muxlTan erTad me-40 muxli arasrulwlovanTamarTlmsajulebis administrirebisSesaxeb awesebs usafrTxoebis detaluradformulirebul zomebs: bavSvebs,romlebic kanons arRveven, `unda moeqcnenmaTi Rirsebis da Tavmoyvareobis gaTvaliswinebiT~,rac, me-19 muxlTan erTad,saxelmwifosgan moiTxovs, rom sistemisarc erT safexurze bavSvma ar ganicadosZaladoba saxelmwifo moxeleebis mxridan.bavSvis movla da dasja ar unda ukavSirdebodesraime saxis Zaladobas. rodesacsaWiroeba moiTxovs, unda iyos gadaxrasasamarTlo sistemebidan; bavSvebisTvis,romlebic kanonis darRvevaSi daadana-Saules, unda arsebobdes specialurdawesebulebaSi moTavsebis alternativa,`magaliTad, misTvis mzrunvelis, damrigeblisda zedamxedvelis daniSvna, konsultaciisgaweva, gamosacdeli vadis micema,aRsazrdelad gadacema, zogadsaganmanaTlebloda profesiuli treningebisprogramebi~.Zaladobisgan bavSvis dacvas bavSvis uflebaTakonvenciis sxva debulebebic exeba.amaSi Sedis samoqalaqo uflebebi, dakav-Sirebuli gamoxatvis, informaciis gadacemis,sindisis da religiuri rwmenis, asociaciebisda mSvidobiani Sekrebebis, piradicxovrebis da informaciis xelmisawvdomobisTavisuflebasTan (muxlebi 12, 13, 14,15, 16 da 17). muxli 9 uzrunvelyofs bavSvisuflebas, rom ar daSordes Tavis mSoblebs,im SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac es ukeTesiabavSvis interesebisaTvis. muxli 18 iTvaliswinebs,rom saxelmwifoebi saTanadodaxmarebas uweven mSoblebsa da kanoniermeurveebs aRzrdasTan dakavSirebuli movaleobisSesrulebaSi; muxli 20-is Tanaxmadki, ojaxur garemos moklebul bavSvebsufleba aqvT isargeblon saxelmwifos gansakuTrebulidaxmarebiTa da mzrunvelobiT.muxli 25 iTvaliswinebs bavSvis uflebas,rom periodulad moxdes mis sameurveodan samkurnalod gamwesebis pirobebisSefaseba. gaSvilebasTan dakavSirebulivaldebulebebi Camoyalibebulia 21-e muxlSi,ltolvil bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli– 22-e muxlSi, xolo unarSezRudul bavSvebTan– 23-e muxlSi.konkretulad Zaladobis aRkveTasTandakavSirebuli ufro zogadi valdebulebebimocemulia 24-e muxlSi janmrTelobisada jandacvis sistemis momsaxurebiTsargeblobis uflebis Sesaxeb; 28-e da 29-emuxlebi exeba ganaTlebis uflebasa daganaTlebis miznebs; 27-e muxlSi ganxiluliacxovrebis saTanado doniT uzrunvelyofisufleba.bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias daemata orifakultaturi oqmi, romlebic 2000 welsmiiRes. aRniSnuli oqmebi uzrunvelyofsZaladobis konkretuli formebisgan bavSvisdacvis dawvrilebiT CamoyalibebulsaSualebebs. fakultaturi oqmi bavSvebiTvaWrobis, bavSvebis prostituciis dapornografiis samarTaldarRvevebs gansazRvravs.es oqmi moiTxovs, rom monawilesaxelmwifoebma kanongareSe gamoacxadonamgvari saqmianoba da aseT qmedebaSi nebismierisaxis monawileoba, danaSaulisCadenis mcdeloba Tu misi faruli organizebacsamarTaldarRvevis simZimis mixedviTunda daisajos. oqmi saxelmwifoebisganmoiTxovs, rom daxuron nebismieri adgili,romelic bavSvTa prostituciisa da pornografiisTvisgamoiyeneboda, moaxdinonam tipis saqmianobidan Semosuli mogebis,39Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

`rodesac im bavSvebis mravalricxovan problemebs vaaSkaravebT, romlebsacZaladobasTan aqvT Sexeba, vgrZnobT, rom Cveni xvedri nawilia msoflio masStabiTmimdinare im didi brZolisa, romelic adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebisTvismimdinareobs. Cven sagangebo mopyrobas ki ar viTxovT, aramed gvsurs adamianuradgveqceodnen, adamianis Rirsebis ZiriTadi faseulobebis Sesabamisad, rac adamianisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis qvakuTxedia. rogorc msoflios moqalaqeebs,Cven gvsurs gvaRiaron pirvelxarisxovan da ara meorexarisxovan adamianebad~.bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis deklaracia, regionuli konsultacia, karibiszRvis auzis qveynebi, 2005 1140Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebiagreTve, am saqmis xelSesawyobad gamoyenebulinebismieri saxsrebis dapatimreba dakonfiskacia. oqmSi mocemulia detalurimiTiTebebi Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebismkurnalobasTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciis fakultaturioqmi, romelic SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSibavSvebis CaTrevas exeba, awesebs zRvarsSeiaraRebul konfliqtSi 18 wlamde asakisbavSvebis monawileobaze da avaldebulebssaxelmwifoebs, rom SeiaraRebul konfliqtSimonawile bavSvebi uzrunvelyonaucilebeli fizikuri da fsiqologiurireabilitaciiT da daxmarebiT sazogadoebaSimaTi reintegraciis mizniT.bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti gamoyofszogadi principebis Semcvel me-2, me-3, me-6da me-12 muxlebs. me-2 muxlis Sesabamisad,konvenciis yvela ufleba xelmisawvdomiabavSvebisTvis yovelgvari diskriminaciisgareSe da monawile saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaTyvela saWiro zomis miReba bavSvebisdiskriminaciisgan dasacavad.bavSvebis mimarT ganxorcielebul nebismierqmedebas safuZvlad maTi interesebiunda edos. amrigad, yvela saxelmwifo dakerZo dawesebulebam, sasamarTloebma daadministraciulma uwyebebma unda ganixilonganxorcielebuli qmedebebis gavlenabavSvebze, raTa mxedvelobaSi miiRon maTiinteresebi (muxli 3). bavSvis Tandayoliliufleba _ sicocxlis ufleba da gadarCenisada ganviTarebis maqsimaluri unari,gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciismier, moicavs fizikur, gonebriv,sulier, moralur da socialur ganzomilebebs(muxli 6) da agreTve ganixileba,rogorc zogadi principi. me-12 muxlisTanaxmad, bavSvs ufleba aqvs Tavisufladgamoxatos sakuTari Sexedulebebi imsakiTxebze, romlebic mas exeba, amasTanave`...bavSvis interesebis interpretaciaunda Seesabamebodes mTel konvencias,maT Soris, Zaladobis yvela formisganbavSvebis dacvis valdebulebas damoTxovnas, mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebulibavSvis Sexedulebebi; is ar undaiyos gamoyenebuli iseTi praqtikisgasamarTleblad, rogoric aris fizikuridasja da sastiki an damamcirebelimopyrobis sxva formebi, romlebiclaxavs bavSvis Rirsebas da fizikurixelSeuxeblobis uflebas~.bavSvis uflebaTa komitetizogadi komentari #8 6bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradRebaunda daeTmos misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad.bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma, romelicsa xelmwifoTa angariSebs 1993 wlidanganixilavda, SeimuSava saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebissaxelmZRvanelo principebibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, sa-`...Zaladobis konceptualur donezewarmodgenis dros aTvlis wertili dasafuZveli Tavad bavSvebis gamocdilebaunda iyos. Sesabamisad, bavSvebi daaxalgazrdebi Segnebulad unda iyvnenCarTuli bavSvis mimarT ZaladobissawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis propagandasada strategiis SemuSavebaSi~.bavSvis uflebaTa komitetirekomendaciebi, SemuSavebuligeneraluri diskusiis Semdeg dRes,romelic mieZRvna bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas ojaxsa da skolaSi, 2001 7

2dac gansakuTrebiTaa warmodgenili rekomendaciebi,miRebuli 2000 8 da 2001 9 wlebisordRiani zogadi diskusiebis Sedegad damocemuli komitetis #1 10 da 8 11 zogad komentarebSi.komitetma kmayofilebiT aRniSna, rom adgilobrivmasasamarTloebma, sakonstitucioda uzenaesi sasamarTloebis CaTvliT,TavianTi gadawvetilebebiT, romlebicsul ufro metad eyrdnoba adamianis uflebaTaSesaxeb SeTanxmebebs, kerZod, bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciasa da adamianis uflebebTandakavSirebuli SeTanxmebebis makontrolebeliorganoebis dokumentebs,dagmes bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba mravaliiurisdiqciis farglebSi.`bavSvebs iseTive srulfasovani uflebebiaqvT, rogorc ufrosebs. fijimmoaxdina konvenciis ratifikacia.Cveni konstituciac TiToeul adamiansaZlevs fundamenturi uflebebisgarantias. mTavrobas moeTxoveba, romdaicvas principebi, romlebic gulisxmobsyvela adamianis, sazogadoebisda jgufis uflebaTa dacvas. bavSvebs,TavianTi statusidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebulidacva sWirdebaT. CvenisaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi mSvidobisada SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebissavane unda iyos da ara SiSis, cudimopyrobisa da moswavleTa adamianuriRirsebis Selaxvis adgili~.fijis saapelacio sasamarTlo,2002 weli, nauSbadi saxelmwifoswinaaRmdeg, romlis Tanaxmad,fizikuri dasjis gamoyenebaskolebSi da dasjis sistemaarakonstituciuria. 12sisxlis samarTlis,humanitaruli,ltolvilTa daSromis saerTaSorisokanonmdeblobaadamianis uflebaTa debulebebiT uzrunvelyofilibavSvebis dacva yvela drosSeefereba. amave dros romis sisxlis samar-Tlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos normatiuliaqti, Jenevis 1949 wlis oTxi konvenciada maTi ori damatebiTi oqmi, gamocemuli1977 wels, uzrunvelyofs bavSvTa ZiriTadiuridiul dacvas Sida da saerTaSorisokonfliqtebis dros. bavSvebi, romlebicakmayofileben ltolvilis gansazRvrebasgaeros ltolvilTa statuss Sesaxeb 1951wlis konvenciis da misi 1967 wlis oqmisfarglebSi, mravali uflebiT da dacviTsargebloben, maT Soris, iuridiuli da materialuridaxmarebiT, agreTve uflebiT,rom ar daabrunon iseT adgilas, sadac maTemuqrebaT samarTlebrivi devna. qveynisSigniT iZulebiTi gadaadgilebis saxelmZ-Rvanelo principebi, romlebic 30 iuridiuladarasavaldebulo principisgan Sedgeba,uzrunvelyofs dacvas da daxmarebasiZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisTvis,ayalibebs miTiTebebs mSvidobian dabrunebasTan,gansaxlebasa da reintegraciasTandakavSirebiT. saxelmZRvanelo principebisagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas bavSvebis,gansakuTrebiT gogonebis, uflebebsada saWiroebebze, krZalavs bavSvebis gayidvasqorwinebis mizniT, seqsualuri eqspluataciisTvis,iZulebiTi Sromisa da saomarmoqmedebebSi monawileobisTvis.zogadad trefikingi, bavSvTa trefikingisCaTvliT, ganxilulia am sakiTxze Sedgenilpirvel erTobliv dokumentSi – adamianTatrefikingisa da sxvaTa eqspluataciis aR-41Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

`fundamenturi uflebebi, bavSvebis uflebebi, upirveles yovlisa, saxelmwifosdoneze unda SemuSavdes~.fransuaz tulkansi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosmosamarTle, 2006 wlis aprili III42Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebimofxvris konvenciaSi, romelic 1950 welsmiiRo generalurma asambleam. debulebebi,mimarTuli trefikingis aRmofxvrisken,Setanilia konvenciebSi qalTa diskriminaciisaRmofxvris da bavSvis uflebaTaSesaxeb, agreTve saerTaSoriso Sromis organizaciis# 182 konvenciaSi bavSvis Sromisyvelaze uaresi formebis Sesaxeb (1999).2000 wels generalurma asambleam miiRogaeros konvencia transnacionaluri organizebulidanaSaulis Sesaxeb da misidamatebiTi oqmebi: oqmi adamianebiT, gansakuTrebiTqalTa da bavSvTa trefikingisTavidan acilebis, daZlevisa da dasjis Sesaxebda oqmi migrantebis xmeleTiT, zRviTada haeriT kontrabanduli gziT gadayvaniswinaaRmdeg. konvencia iTvaliswinebs TanamSromlobasgamoZiebis warmoebis dros,iuridiul urTierTdaxmarebas da eqstradirebasim SemTxvevaSi, Tu trefikingiseWvi arsebobs. oqmi trefikingis Sesaxeb,romelic dReisTvis (2006 wlis 6 seqtembrismdgomareobiT) msoflios yvela regionis105 qveyanam miiRo, Seicavs trefikingispirvel saerTaSoriso iuridiul ganmartebas.masSi mocemulia debulebebi trefikingismsxverplTa daxmarebisa da dacvisTvisda monawile saxelmwifoebs mouwodebenmoaxdinon am saqmianobis kriminalizacia,garda amisa, uzrunvelyon trefikingismsxverplTa daxmareba da dacva. igi ayalibebs,agreTve, prevenciul RonisZiebebsam konteqstSi.bavSvebis konkretuli uflebebi da dacvaSromis konteqstSi uzrunvelyofiliamravalricxovani konvenciebiT, romlebicSemuSavebulia saerTaSoriso Sromis organizaciismier, gansakuTrebuli dacva kiuzrunvelyofilia #183 konvenciaSi minimaluriasakis Sesaxeb (1973) da #182 konvenciaSibavSvis Sromis yvelaze uaresiformebis Sesaxeb (1999).Yadamianis uflebaTaregionuli sistemebiadamianis uflebaTa xelSewyobisa dadacvis saerTaSoriso iuridiuli safuZvelida normebi, dawesebuli bavSvis mimarTZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT, ganmtkicebuliaregionul doneze miRebuli evrosabWos,evrokavSiris, amerikuli saxelmwifoebisorganizaciisa da afrikuli kav-Siris xelSekrulebebiT da meqanizmebiT,romlebic maTi monitoringisa da ganxorcielebismizniT Seiqmna. am TvalsazrisiTgansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania bavSvisuflebaTa afrikuli qartia da afrikulioqmi qalTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, miRebuli2004 wels, sadac warmodgenilia debulebebi,mimarTuli mavne tradiciebis aRmofxvrisaken;igulisxmeba qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba, sxeulze amoWra (skarifikacia)da mSobiarobis dros wamlebisdaudevari xmareba. aqve qorwinebisaTvisminimalur asakad dawesebulia 18 weli.adamianis uflebaTa regionuli meqanizmebi,romlebic am iuridiuli dokumentebisSesrulebis kontrols axorcieleben,bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis mraval formasSeexen. magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa ev-`komitets miuReblad miaCnia, rom sazogadoebas,romelic krZalavs fizikuriZaladobis nebismier formassrulwlovnebs Soris, dasaSvebad miaCndessrulwlovanTa mier bavSvebismimarT fizkuri Zaladoba~.socialur uflebaTa evropulikomiteti (2001). daskvnebis saerToSesavalis zogadi komentari XV-2,tomi 1. 16

`Zaladobis aRmofxvra moiTxovs, rom saerTo mizani da Sinagani kavSirebijanmrTelobasa da adamianis uflebebs Soris gamoyenebuli iyos adamianisRirsebis dasacavad da keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofad~.doqtor gro harlem brundtlandi, janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciisyofili generaluri direqtori2ropulma sasamarTlom aRmoaCina adamianisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis darRvevasasamarTlos ramdenime gadawyvetilebaSi,romelic exeboda fizikuri dasjisgamoyenebas sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi,skolebsa da saxlebSi. 13 sasamarTlos sxvagadawyvetilebebi, dakavSirebuli iyo seqsualurZaladobasTan, bavSvTa dacvissistemis cudad funqcionirebasTan daarasrulwlovanTa samarTalTan. 14 socialuruflebaTa evropulma komitetma,romelic monitorings uwevs evropis socialuriqartiis da ganaxlebuli socialuriqartiis Sesrulebas, daaskvna, rom esinstrumentebi moiTxovs bavSvis mimarTZaladobis nebismieri formis akrZalvaskanonmdeblobaSi. 152002 wels adamianis uflebaTa saerToamerikulma sasamarTlom gamosca saxelmZ-Rvanelo daskvna bavSvis iuridiuli statusisda uflebebis Sesaxeb. es miuTiTebs,rom adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvenciismonawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebaskisruloben yvela gadamWrelizoma miiRon, raTa uzrunvelyon bavSvebis`arc erT adamians, gansakuTrebiT kiarc erTi qveynis mTavrobas ara aqvsufleba fizikuri Zaladoba ixmaroskanonis damrRvevi piris mimarT. aseTiufleba iqneboda saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuliwamebis sanqcirebis tolfasi(adamianisa da xalxebis uflebaTaafrikuli qartiis farglebSi) da adamianisuflebaTa konvenciis arsis sawinaaRmdego~.adamianisa da xalxebis uflebaTaafrikuli komisia, kurtis frensisdobleri sudanis winaaRmdeg,informacia #236/2000(2003) 19dacva cudi mopyrobisgan saxelmwifo organoebis,kerZo pirebis Tu arasaxelmwifodawesebulebebis mxridan. 172003 wels adamianisa da xalxebis uflebaTaafrikulma komisiam dadgenileba miiRo,rom moswavleebis garozgva sastiki, arahumanurida damamcirebeli sasjeli iyoda moiTxova, rom qveynebs, romlebsac esexebodaT, SeesworebinaT kanoni, gaeuqmebinaTgarozgva, rogorc sasjelis saxe, dasaTanado zomebi mieRoT msxverplTaTviskompensaciis gadaxdis mizniT. 18arasavaldebulodokumentebiadamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso daregionuli xelSekrulebebi SevsebuliadokumentebiT, romlebic iuridiuladarasavaldebuloa, magram ayalibebs standartebsan SeimuSavebs principebs, dakav-Sirebuls bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisaRmofxvrasTan. gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis farglebSi miiRes wesebi dadireqtivebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisadministrirebasTan (pekiniswesebi, 1985), arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulisaRkveTasTan (riadis saxelmZRvanelomiTiTebebi) da patimrobaSi myofi arasrulwlovnebisdacvasTan dakavSirebiT.gaeros 1993 wlis deklaracia qalebismimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb gansazRvravsgenderis safuZvelze warmoSobil Zaladobasda saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebsaZlevs saxelmwifoebs misaReb zomebTandakavSirebiT, raTa mogvardes qalebisa dagogonebis mimarT Zaladobis problema.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas eZRvnebodagaeros msoflio konferenciebis Sede-43Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

egionuli SeTanxmebebi, romlebic bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis problemas exeba *amerikuli saxelmwifoebis organizacia:amerikuli konvencia wamebis prevenciisa da dasjis Sesaxeb;amerikuli konvencia adamianTa iZulebiTi gauCinarebis Sesaxeb;amerikuli konvencia unarSezRuduli adamianebis diskriminaciis yvela formisaRmofxvris Sesaxeb;amerikuli konvencia qalebis mimarT Zaladobis prevenciis, dasjis da aRmofxvrisSesaxeb _ “Convention of Belém do Pará”.44Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebiafrikis kavSiri:adamianisa da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qartia;adamianisa da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qartiis oqmi qalTa uflebebis Sesaxeb;bavSvis uflebaTa da keTildReobis afrikuli qartia.samxreT aziis regionuli TanamSromlobis asociacia (SAARC):konvencia bavSvebis keTildReobis mxardamWeri regionuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb;socialuri qartia;konvencia prostituciis mizniT qalTa da bavSvTa trefikingis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb.arabul saxelmwifoTa liga:adamianis uflebaTa arabuli qartia (miRebulia 1994 wels, ganaxlebulia 2005 wels,jer ar Sesula ZalaSi).evrokavSiri:komisiis informacia: evrokavSiris strategia bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT,Brussels, 4.7.2006, COM (2006)367 finalkomisiis informacia evroparlamentis da evrosabWos mimarT: adamianebiTtrefikingis winaaRmdeg brZola – erTiani midgoma da winadadebebi RonisZiebaTagegmis SesamuSaveblad, Brussels, 18.10.2005, COM (2005)514 finalevropis sabWo:evropuli konvencia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb;evropuli socialuri qartia da ganaxlebuli evropuli socialuri qartia;evropuli socialuri qartiis damatebiTi oqmi, romelic iTvaliswinebskoleqtiuri sarCelebis sistemas;evropuli konvencia wamebisa da sxva arahumanuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobis andasjis aRkveTis Sesaxeb;konvencia kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb;evrosabWos konvencia adamianebiT trefikingis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebisSesaxeb.*sia ar aris sruli

2iuridiulad arasavaldebulo, magramuaRresad damajerebeli dokumentebi,dakavSirebuli bavSvebis mimarT ZaladojanmrTelobismsoflio organizaciabavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT msoflio janmrTelobis asambleissaqmianoba asaxavs, agreTve, mTavrobebis valdebulebebs da qmnis Zlierplatformas bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, romelicemateba da avsebs adamianis uflebebs.sazogadoebrivi jandacvis mandati, romelic bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis problemazemuSaobas gulisxmobs, eyrdnoba msoflio janmrTelobis organizaciisufro farTo mandats, romelic Zaladobis yvela formis aRkveTisTvis brZolasiTvaliswinebs. msoflio janmrTelobis asamblea, romelic msoflio janmrTelobisorganizaciis mmarTvel organos warmoadgens, Tavis rezoluciaSi WHA49.25 (1996) Zaladobas msoflio sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erT-erT upirvelesproblemad acxadebs da gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams qalebisa dabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis masStabis gamo; igi monawile saxelmwifoebisganmoiTxovs Seafason Zaladobis problema, xolo msoflio janmrTelobis organizaciasavalebs warmoadginos Zaladobis aRkveTis RonisZiebaTa gegma. msofliojanmrTelobis asambleam xeli moawera RonisZiebaTa gegmas da mouwoda misiSemdgomi SemuSavebisken (WHA resolution 50.19)am rezoluciebis sapasuxod janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciam 2002wels moamzada pirveli msoflio angariSi Zaladobisa da janmrTelobisSesaxeb. msoflio angariSi Zaladobasa da janmrTelobaze aRwers Zaladobas,rogorc sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis globalur problemas, ayalibebssazogadoebriv janrTelobaze orientirebul prevenciis strategias da iZlevacxra rekomendacias. aRniSnulma angariSma STaagona msoflio janmrTelobisasamblea, rom mieRo rezolucia (WHA 56.24), romelic monawile saxelmwifoebsmouwodebs, propaganda gauwion angariSis rekomendaciebs, Seqmnan Zaladobisprevenciis sakoordinacio centri janmrTelobis saministros farglebSi damoamzadon angariSi Zaladobasa da mis prevenciaze TavianTi qveynis masStabiT.gebi da am Sedegebis ganxilva generaluriasambleis sagangebo sesiebze. generaluriasambleis 2002 wlis specialurma sesiam,bavSvebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, mniSvnelovaniadgili dauTmo bavSvebis mimarTZaladobas Tavis saboloo dokumentSi sa-TauriT `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~. aTaswleulisganviTarebis miznebi, miRebuliaTaswleulis samitze 2000 wels da gaeros2005 wlis samitis Sedegebi Seicavs SeTanxmebebs,romlebic dakavSirebulia bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvrasTan.45Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

46Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebibis problemasTan, miRebuli iyo, agreTve,gaeros sistemis specialuri uwyebebisa dasxva organizaciebis mmarTveli organoebisfarglebSi. aq Sedis msoflio janmrTelobisorganizaciisa da iunisefis mmarTveliorganoebis mier miRebuli rezoluciebi(CamonaTvali ix. CanarTSi). gaerosltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris aRmasrulebelmakomitetma 1993 wels daamtkicaltolvil bavSvebTan dakavSirebulikursi da SeimuSava saxelmZRvanelo mi-TiTebebi ltolvili bavSvebis dacvisa damaTze zrunvisaTvis, romelic detalurdireqtivebs iZleva ltolvili bavSvebisfizikuri da seqsualuri Zaladobisagandasacavad, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac maTltolvilTa did banakebSi uxdebaT cxovreba.saxelmwifoebi, romlebic saerTaSorisoda regionuli SeTanxmebis monawile mxareebixdebian, samarTlebrivad aucilebelvaldebulebas kisruloben, rom pativiscen, daicvan da ganaxorcielon saTanadouflebebi da Seasrulon micemuli piroba.GmaT moeTxovebaT, ar Caerion uflebaTaganxorcielebaSi, daicvan adamianebi arasaxelmwifoseqtoris warmomadgenelTaZaladobisgan da qmediTi RonisZiebebi gaataronadamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebisuzrunvelsayofad.rodesac saqme bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasexeba, saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT, dauyovneblivgaataron qmediTi RonisZiebebi,raTa aRkveTon da aRmofxvran bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis yvela forma, ZaladobisSemTxvevaSi ki _ saTanado reagirebamoaxdinon, raTa moZaladeebi dausjeli ardarCnen. saxelmwifoebs evalebaT, saTanadosakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebis miRebiTuzrunvelyon, rom uflebamosilma pirebma,policiam da saxelmwifo skolis maswavleblebmaar Caidinon Zaladoba bavSvebismimarT. amisaTvis SeiZleba, magaliTad,treningebis Catareba policiis Tanam-Sromlebisa da sxva saxelmwifo moxeleebisTvisgamoZiebis araZaladobrivi teqnikisasaTviseblad. maT moeTxovebaT, agreTve,sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebis miReba bavSvebisdasacavad, mSoblebis, kanonieri mzrunvelebisda arasaxelmwifo seqtorissxva warmomadgenlebis Sesakaveblad dadasapatimreblad, romlebic ZaladobassCadian da arRveven bavSvebis uflebebs.saerTaSoriso kanoni iZleva Zlier, yovlismomcveliuridiul safuZvels, romelicmravalmxriv reagirebas moiTxovs. saWiroreagireba gansxvavebuli iqneba Zaladobisformis da misi Cadenis garemos mixedviT.aq Seva sazogadoebrivi jandacvis sistema,romelic yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs prevenciaze,sisxlis samarTlebriv reagirebaze,kompensaciaze, ganaTlebaze, janmrTelobazean sakanonmdeblo midgomebze. 20bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiTarsebuli saerTaSoriso kanonis standartebiyovlismomcveli da detaluria.mTavaria imis uzrunvelyofa, rom saxelmwifoebmaSeasrulon TavianTi valdebulebebi.bavSvebis mimarT sistematuri da far-Tod gavrcelebuli Zaladoba, gamovlinebisyvela formiT da yvela gamovlinebiT,unda iyos aRqmuli da aRiarebuli. amisSemdeg saWiroa saTanado da qmediTi kanonmdeblobis,policiis da programuli reagirebisuzrunvelyofa, ganxorcieleba,monitoringi da mudmivi ganaxleba, rom ammasobrivi xasiaTis globalur problemazeSedegiani da dauyovnebeli reagirebamoxdes.

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249Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali da standartebi

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3bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiSesavali 53adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrividokumentebi 54zogadi mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba 56problemis xasiaTi da masStabi 56fizikuri Zaladoba 57mkvleloba 57fizikuri Zaladoba, romelsac ar mosdevs sasikvdiloSedegi 58ugulebelyofa 60seqsualuri Zaladoba 61seqsualur qcevasTan da Rirsebis aRqmasTandakavSirebuli Zaladoba 63seqsualuri Zaladoba intimuri urTierTobisdros da bavSvis qorwineba 63bavSvebis qorwineba 64fizikuri, seqsualuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladoba 66mavne tradiciuli Cveulebebi 67qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjeba/mokveTa 67fsiqologiuri Zaladoba 70bavSvebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobis Sedegebi 70zemoqmedeba ganviTarebaze: fizikuri da fsiqologiuriSedegebi 71ufro gviani Sedegebi 72msxverpli momavalSi 72socialuri da ekonomikuri Sedegebi 74Zaladobis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi 75bavSvTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi 76ojaxTan dakavSirebuli faqtorebi 7751bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

52bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSisocialuri da kulturuli faqtorebi 80dacvis faqtorebi ojaxSi 81reagireba bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze ojaxsa da ojaxurgaremoSi 82samarTlebrivi reforma 82kanonebi fizikuri dasjis da sastiki an damamcirebeli dasjissxva formebis Sesaxeb 83samarTlebrivi cvlilebis sxva sferoebi 84prevenciis strategiebi 85mSoblebis da ojaxebis daxmareba 87programebi bavSvebisaTvis da maTi monawileobiT 91socialuri politika 93sxva strategiebi 94Careva, rodesac cnobili xdeba Zaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb 94ojaxSi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis gamovlena 95Zaladobis msxverplTa mkurnaloba 96profesionalebis Setyobinebebi Zaladobis Sesaxeb 97Careva bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare 98alternatiuli dawesebulebis zrunvis aucileblobisSemTxvevebi 99propaganda da sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba 99mavne tradiciebis aRkveTa 102informaciis wyaroebis gaumjobeseba politikisSemuSavebisa da reagirebis mizniT 103rekomendaciebi 106gamoyenebuli literatura 110

`am ori xeliT dedas vukavivar, is Cemze zrunavs da es siyvarulia. magram amavexelebiT dedaCemi mcems xolme da es siZulvilia~.gogona, aRmosavleTi azia da okeania, 2005 I3Sesavaliyvelanairi Zaladobisagan bavSvebisdacvis yvelaze didi potenciali aqvTojaxebs. ojaxebsve SeuZliaT bavSvebisdaxmareba, rom maT SeZlon sakuTari Tavisdacva. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Ziri-Tadi idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ojaxiwarmoadgens bunebriv garemos yvela misiwevris, gansakuTrebiT bavSvebis, aRzrdisada keTildReobisaTvis, xolo adamianisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis, samoqalaqoda politikur uflebaTa saerTa-Soriso paqtisa da ekonomikur, socialurda kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSorisopaqtis Tanaxmad, ojaxi aRiarebulia sazogadoebisZiriTad jgufad (erTeulad).bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia saxelmwifosaganmoiTxovs srulad sces pativiojaxebs da Tanadgoma aRmouCinos maT.miuxedavad amisa, bavSvebisaTvis ojaxiSeiZleba saxifaTo adgilic iyos, gansakuTrebiTCvili da mcirewlovani bavSvebisaTvis.mSoblebis da ojaxis sxva wevrebismxridan bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba – fizikuri,seqsualuri da fsiqologiuri, asevebavSvis ganzrax ugulebelyofa – mxolod axlaRagaxda farTod aRiarebuli da misi dokumenturidasabuTebac axla daiwyo. ojaxiskonteqstSi bavSvebze Zaladobis winaaRmdegbrZola, misi yvela formiT, metad rTuliamocanaa. bevr sazogadoebaSi jer kidev arc-Tu didi enTuziazmiT xvdebian e.w. `piradcxovrebaSi~ Carevas. magram adamianis ufleba,sruli pativiscemiT moepyron mis Rirsebas,aseve fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis ufleba– bavSvTa da zrdasrul adamianTa Tanasworiuflebebi – da saxelmwifos valdebuleba _xeli Seuwyos am uflebaTa xorcSesxmas _ arwydeba ojaxis zRurblTan.saxelmwifos pasuximgebloba, pativi scesda daicvas bavSvTa uflebebi, scildebasaxelmwifosa da saxelmwifo moxeleTauSualo saqmianobis sferos da saWiroebsimgvari zomebis miRebas, rac uzrunvelyofs,rom mSoblebma, meurveebma da sxvaadamianebma ar daarRvion bavSvTa uflebebi.saxelmwifo valdebulia, aamoqmedoskanonebi, wesebi da programebi ZaladobisprevenciisTvis, romlebic uzrunvelyofenSesabamis dacvas, xolo Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi_ masze reagirebas.mcirewlovani bavSvebi ufro metad ariandaucveli ojaxuri Zaladobisagan. zog ganviTarebulsaxelmwifoSi, sadac bavSvebSisikvdilianoba yvelaze ufro safuZvlianadaris aRricxuli, misi mizezebi ki Seswavlili,erT wlamde asakis CvilebSi samjer ufrometia mkvlelobis riski mSoblebis mxridan,vidre erTidan oTx wlamde asakis bavSvebSi,xolo xuTidan 14 wlamde asakis bavSvebSi esriski orjer metia. 1 yvela saxis fizikuridasja aris damamcirebeli, magram arsebobsZaladobis sxva uxeSi, damamcirebeli da potenciuradaseTive zianis momtani arafizikuriZaladobis formebi, romlebsac bavSvebiojaxebSi gamocdian. amgvar formebsmiekuTvneba mudmivi daSineba, Seuracxyofa,uSveri sityvebiT lanZRva an sityvieri Seuracxyofissxva formebi, damcireba, izolaciaan ugulebelyofa. uSualo Zaladobisgarda, bevri bavSvi mowme xdeba ojaxisufros wevrebs Soris Zaladobisa, rasac,Tavis mxriv, seriozuli Sedegebi mosdevs.aseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb ukanasknel xans gaxdacnobili.yvelgan, sadac Seiswavlian ZaladobissakiTxebs, aRiareben, rom bavSvebis udidesinawili seqsualur devnas sakuTari axloblebisaganganicdis. bevr qveyanaSiiZulebiTi da adreuli qorwinebis drosCveulebrivi movlenaa iZulebiTi sqesobrivikavSiri. zogierT qveyanaSi xdeba im mozardigogonebis e.w. `Rirsebis saxeliT mkvleloba~,53bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`es kvleva gardatexaa ufrosebis bavSvebTan urTierTobebSi. sul raRac ramdenime weliwadSiCven Segvrcxveba da gagvaocebs is faqti, rom mesame aTaswleulis dasawyisSi mTavrobebi daufrosi asakis adamianebi jer kidev amarTlebdnen da xelsac ki uwyobdnen Cvilebisa da bavSvebiscemas, maTTvis mizanmimarTulad tkivilis miyenebas da amas kanonierad da sworad miiCnevdnen~.piter niueli, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Temaze gaeros generaluri mdivnis samsaxuriskvlevis saredaqcio kolegia.54bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiromlebsac miiCneven zneobrivi normebis damrRvevebad.kanonmdeblobis da samarTaldamcaviorganoebis mcdelobis miuxedavad, qalissasqeso organoebis damaxinjeba an mokve-Ta farTod aris gavrcelebuli: CrdiloeTda aRmosavleT afrikaSi qaliSvilebis 90%-ze mets am operacias daaxloebiT Svidi wlisasakSi ukeTeben. 2,3adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebulisamarTlebrivi dokumentebiseqsualur da genderuli niSniT ZaladobasuaRresad seriozuli Sedegebi SeiZlebamohyves aiv/Sidsis epoqaSi; es agreTve safrTxesuqmnis adamianis Tavmoyvareobas,fsiqologiur da fsiqikur janmrTelobas.ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi Zaladobis yvelaforma Zalze seriozul zemoqmedebasaxdens bavSvebis momaval ganviTarebaze,qcevasa da keTildReobaze mowiful asakSi,aseve momavalSi maT mSoblebad Camoyalibebaze.amasTan, ojaxi is garemoa, sadac bavSvebipirvelad upirispirdebian genderuluTanasworobas da sadac yalibdeba momavaliuTanasworo urTierTobebi. biWebsSeiZleba ojaxSi mieceT biZgi, rom gaxdnenagresiulebi da dominanturebi (e.w. `zrunvismimRebebi~), xolo gogonebs SeiZlebaSTaagonon, rom isini pasiurebi, damTmobebida mzrunvelebi unda iyvnen. amgvarigenederuli stereotipebi xels uwyobsZaladobis da Zalis gamoyenebas, rac, Tavismxriv, genderuli uTanasworobis damkvidrebissawindaria.winamdebare TavSi ganxilulia sxvadasxvatipis fizikuri, fsiqologiuri da seqsualuriZaladoba, romelic xdeba ojaxSi daojaxur garemoSi; maTi zegavlena bavSvebze.aseve warmodgenilia mTeli rigi saSualebebisa,romlebsac SeuZliaT Seamciron ansaboloo jamSi aRkveTon Zaladoba.1989 wels miRebulma bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciam daadastura, rom bavSvebsac aqvTadamianis uflebebi. erTi mxriv, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aRiarebs, rom bavSvebsindividualobis ufleba aqvT da rom maTi Sexedulebebi yvela sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTseriozulad unda iqnes aRqmuli; meore mxriv, maTi ganviTarebis mdgomareobis dadaucvelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT gansakuTrebuli zrunvisa da dacvis miRebisufleba aqvT. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi naTlad aris Camoyalibebuli, rom rocaSesaZlebelia, bavSvebi unda aRizardon sakuTar ojaxebSi; roca ojaxs ar SeuZliamaTze zrunva da maTi saTanado dacva, unda moiZebnos ojaxis tipis alternatiuligaremo. amitom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ganuxrelad amtkicebs, rom ojaxi arisbavSvis jansaRi, mosiyvarule da usafrTxo aRzrdis pirveladi garemo. Tumca esfunqcia srulad unda iyos gamyarebuli da mxardaWerili saxelmwifos mxridan. esimasac gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifos unda SeeZlos gadalaxos ojaxis zRurbli,roca saWiro gaxdeba Careva bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare.bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis zogierTi muxli ganmartavs ojaxisa da saxelmwifospasuxismgeblobebsa da valdebulebebs Soris Tanafardobas, raTa bavSvebsmaTi ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro dacva gaewioT. me-18 muxli Tanafardobas SemdegnairadgansazRvravs: `...mSoblebs an ...kanonier meurveebs ekisrebaT ZiriTadi pasuxismgeblobabavSvis aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze~ da me-2 punqti _ `...monawile

3saxelmwifoebi saTanado daxmarebas uweven mSoblebsa da kanonier meurveebs maTimovaleobis SesrulebaSi.~ me-3 muxlis mixedviT, `upirvelesi yuradReba eTmobabavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.~ me-9 muxlSi naTqvamia: `bavSvi arunda daSordes Tavis mSoblebs maTi survilis sawinaaRmdegod~, im SemTxvevebis garda,rodesac uflebamosili organoebi miiReben gadawyvetilebas, rom amgvari daSorebasaWiroa bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare, magaliTad, Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi.amitom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia nebas rTavs saxelmwifos, daicvas bavSvebi Zaladobisnebismieri formisagan ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi da mas ojaxur garemoSi bavSviskeTildReobis saboloo arbitris rols aniWebs. me-19 muxlSi gaTvaliswinebulia,rom bavSvi daculi unda iyos `mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an bavSvze mzrunvelinebismieri sxva piris mxridan yvelanairi formis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuriZaladobisagan, Seuracxyofisa Tu borotad gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobismoklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan, uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisagan,seqsualuri borotebis CaTvliT.~ me-20 da 21-e muxlebSi gansazRvrulia saxelmwifosvaldebulebebi, rom udedmamo an ojaxs Camocilebul bavSvs Seuqmnas alternatiuligaremo. 23-e muxli gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs invalid bavSvebs; 34-e da35-e muxlebSi laparakia seqsualur eqspluataciaze, bavSvebiT vaWrobasa da maTkontrabandaze; 37-e muxlSi naTqvamia: `arc erTi bavSvi ar unda iyos wamebis, sastiki,araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli.~ 24-e muxlisTanaxmad, saxelmwifoebma unda gaataron zomebi tradiciuli praqtikis, maT Soris,iseTi praqtikis aRmofxvrisaTvis, rogoric aris qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebaan mokveTa da iZulebiTi da/an adreuli qorwineba.bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia monawile saxelmwifoebisagan moiTxovs yvela saxisZaladobis aRkveTas da roca xdeba Zaladoba, _ masze efeqtian reagirebas. rocasaxelmwifos ar SeuZlia uSualo pasuxismgeblobis aReba mSoblebis an sxva pirebismxridan bavSvze Zaladobis calkeul SemTxvevaze, saWiroa sakanonmdeblo bazisCamoyalibeba da sxva zomebis miReba saTanado dacvis, maT Soris, bavSvis uflebaTadarRvevis efeqtiani prevenciis uzrunvelsayofad. mxolod zog saxelmwifos aqvsmiRebuli saWiro kanonebi, romlebic krZalavs bavSvze yvelanair Zaladobas, aseve _maregulirebeli wesebi, struqturebi da angariSgebisa da referaluri meqanizmebi,romlebic mimarTulia Zaladobis winaaRmdeg ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi. bevrqveyanaSi samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi aranair zomebs ar iRebenuxeSi Zaladobis, bavSvis qorwinebis da incestis SemTxvevaSi. bevr saxelmwifoSidasjis Zaladobrivi formebi kanoniT da socialuri TvalsazrisiT nebadarTulia, imismiuxedavad, rom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia da adamianis uflebaTa sxva dokumentebiTanamimdevrulad ganmartaven maTi akrZalvisa da aRmofxvris moTxovnas (sul cotaxnis win es xazgasmuli iyo bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis #8 (2006 w.) zogad komentarSi _`bavSvis uflebi, miiRos dacva fizikuri dasjisgan da dasjisa da kontrolis sxva uxeSian damamcirebeli formebisagan~, romelic winamdebare TavSi qvemoTaa ganxiluli). 455bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`maiZules, colad gavyolodi 30 welze metiT ufros, asakovan mamakacs,romelmac gamaupatiura~.16 wlis gogona, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika, 2005 II56bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSizogadi mimoxilva daarsebuli mdgomareobamsoflios umetes nawilSi ojaxi, rogorcwarmonaqmni, icvleba an viTardeba socialurida ekonomikuri zewolis pirobebSi.urbanizaciis tempi, gansakuTrebiT saharissamxreTiT mdebare afrikul qveynebsa(weliwadSi TiTqmis 6%) da aziaSi (3-4%), 5mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens ojaxiscxov rebis wessa da ojaxis Semadgenlobaze.qalaqis samidan erTi mcxovrebi – TiTqmiserTi miliardi adamiani – jurRmulebSicxovrobs. cxovrebis pirobebi, sadac bevrixalxi cxovrobs da fuladi Semosavlisaucilebloba ojaxis yvela saWiroebis dasakmayofilebladstresul mdgomareobasqmnis, rac srulad gansxvavdeba sofladcxovrebis wesisagan. 6ganviTarebul qveynebSi ojaxis Semadgenlobanaklebad stabiluria da is axalformebs iZens. ‘ojaxuri cxovrebis~ tipicvlilebas ganicdis. im qveynebSi, sadacSemosavlebSi sxvaobam farTo masStabebimiiRo an sadac socialuri cvlilebebiswrafad viTardeba, adamianebs Soris Zaladobisdone izrdeba. 7 msoflios bevr qveyanaSiigrZnoba mfarvelobis nakleboba naTesavebis,Temisa da araoficialuri damsaqmeblebisan ‘patronebis~ mxridan, rasac ojaxebitradiciulad eyrdnobodnen. 8 1990-ianwlebSi da 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabazroekonomikaze damyarebulma socialuripolitikis reformebma gaaRrmava zewola,gansakuTrebiT qalebze, vinaidan xelmokleojaxebs xeli ar miuwvdebodaT jandacvaze,pensiebze, ganaTlebasa da mcirewlovanibavSvebisa da moxucebis movlaze.yvela regionSi dabalSemosavlian ojaxebzeekonomikurma zewolam migraciis _sezonuri, droebiTi an mudmivi _ mniSvnelovanizrdac gamoiwvia (erTi an meoremSoblis wasvla qalaqSi an sxva qveyanaSi,raTa fuli eSova da saxlSi gaegzavna). 9uprecedento gadaadgilebis done iwvevsojaxisagan xangrZliv daSorebas, rasacuaryofiTi gavlena aqvs bavSvebze daxSirad ojaxis dangrevis mizezic xdeba.10 martoxela mSoblebis ojaxebi aseveganicdian ekonomikuri siduxWiriTgamowveul stresebs, rasac bavSvebzezrunvis damatebiTi pasuxismgeblobacemateba, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevebSi,rodesac SeuZlebelia daxmarebis miRebaojaxis sxva wevrebisagan. 11,12,13 samxreT afrikaSi,sadac aiv/Sidsic amZafrebs stressojaxebSi, mamebis 42%-s mitovebuli hyavsojaxebi. 14,15,16 im qveynebSi, sadac gavrcelebuliaSidsi, gaCnda ojaxebi, romlebsac‘bavSvebi patronoben~, sadac oblad dar-Cenili bavSvebi uZRvebian ojaxebs da maTsakuTar da-Zmebze zrunva uwevT.problemis xasiaTi damasStabiZaladobis formebi, romlebsac bavSvebi awydebian,gansxvavdeba asakis da ganviTarebisetapebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT, rocabavSvi iwyebs ojaxis gareT urTierTobasgare samyarosTan. 17,18 Cvili da mcirewlovanibavSvebi ufro xSirad xdebian uSualomzrunvelebisa da ojaxis sxva wevrebismsxverpli, vinaidan isini damokidebuliarian ufros mzrunvelebze da SezRudulisocialuri urTierTobebi aqvT ojaxisgareT. 19 bavSvebis ganviTarebasTan erTadmaTi damoukideblobac izrdeba da isinidrois umetes nawils saxlis da ojaxis gareTatareben; amitom ufrosi asakis bavSvebiufro xSirad xdebian gareSe pirebis

3Zaladobis msxverpli. xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebic,rodesac asaki aranair rols arTamaSobs moZaladis mier bavSvis mimarTZaladobis raime formis gamoyenebisas.im qveynebSi, sadac Catarebulia sikvdilisSemTxvevaTa statistikuri monacemebisanalizi msxverplis asakis mixedviT,dadginda, rom yvelaze didi riskis winaSearis 15-17 wlis asakobrivi jgufi. maRaliriskis meore jgufs ganekuTvnebian CvilibavSvebi. konomikuri TanamSromlobisa daganviTarebis organizaciis wevri qveynebismonacemebis mixedviT, sikvdilianobis riskidaaxloebiT samjer didia erT wlamdeasakis bavSvebSi, erTidan 4 wlis asakamdebavSvebTan SedarebiT, da es riski gaormagebulia5-dan 14 asakis bavSvebSi. rac ufromcirewlovania bavSvi, miT ufro metia uSualodojaxis wevrebis mizeziT gamowveulisikvdilianobis safrTxe. 20,21.ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi bavSvebi awydebianSeuracxyofas da fizikuri Zaladobissxva formebs, seqsualur Zaladobas, mavnetradiciul praqtikas, damcirebasa Tufsiqologiuri Zaladobis sxva formebs,aseve ugulebelyofas. Seuracxyofasada sxva fizikur ZaladobasTan erTad, esSeiZleba iyos uyuradRebobac, magali-Tad, bavSvebis daucveloba megobrebis,mezoblebis an stumrebis Zaladobisagan;stigmatizacia an seriozuli diskriminacia;bavSvis keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofadjanmrTelobis da socialuri dacvissamsaxurebis daxmarebis gamouyenebloba.ojaxur wreSi moZalade SeiZleba iyvnenmSoblebi, dedinacvali an maminacvali, alternatiuliojaxis SemTxvevaSi _ mzrunvelipirebi, ojaxis sxva wevrebi, meuRleebi(bavSvis qorwinebis SemTxvevaSi) da qmrisan colis naTesavebi.fizikuri Zaladobamkvlelobaufro xSirad sikvdilis mizezi Tavis anSinagani organoebis dazianebaa. sxva mizezebsSoris aris ganzrax gagudva, njRrevada ufro iSviaTad _ daxrCoba an cema.janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciismonacemebis mixedviT, xuT wlamde asakisbavSvebis mkvlelobis yvelaze didiprocentuli odenoba saharis samxreTiTmdebare afrikul qveynebsa da CrdiloeTamerikaze modis, xolo yvelaze dabaliprocentuli odenoba _ evropis maRaliSemosavlis mqone qveynebsa da aRmosavleTda dasavleT aziaze. 22 saxlSi da ojaxurgaremoSi bavSvTa mkvlelobis proporciisdadgenisTvis saWiroa bavSvTa sikvdilisSemTxvevebze Tanamedrove dakvirvebissistemebis gamoyeneba, romlebic bevr qveyanaSiar arsebobs. im qveynebSi, sadac arxdeba sikvdilianobis aRricxva an am SemTxvevebisgamoZieba, Zaladobis Sedegad bavSvTasikvdilianobis Sesaxeb zusti monacemebiar arsebobs da, zogadad, xuT wlamdeasakis bavSvebSi sikvdilianobis maRaliprocentia dafiqsirebuli. savaraudoa,rom Zaladoba ama Tu im formiT, maT Sorisugulebelyofa, xSirad garkveul rolsTamaSobs Cvili da mcirewlovani bavSvebissikvdilSi, rac dafiqsirebuli ar aris,rogorc mkvleloba, an saerTod ar arisdafiqsirebuli. sayovelTaod miRebuliazria, rom ojaxis wevrebis mxridan bavSvebismimarT Zaladoba sikvdiliT ufro metSemTxvevaSi mTavrdeba, vidre es oficialurimonacemebiT aris cnobili. 23im qveynebSi, sadac arsebobs sakmarisiraodenobis sarwmuno monacemebi(magaliTad, axal zelandiaSi, Sveicar-57bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`erT dRes Zroxebi gavreke saZovarze da erTi Zroxa daikarga. roca saxlSidavbrundi, mamaCemma cemiT sikvdilis piramde mimiyvana, mTeli sxeuliWrilobebSi mqonda~.17 wlis biWi, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika III58bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiiasa da aSS-Si), ikveTeba mcirericxovanitendenciebi. 24,25,26,27,28 zogadad, 10 wlamdeasakis bavSvebSi mniSvnelovnad didia ojaxiswevrebis an ojaxis axloblebis mxridansastiki Zaladobis riski, vidre 10-dan 19wlamde asakis bavSvebSi. asaki da sqesi mniSvnelovanirisk-faqtorebia. erT wlamdeasakis bavSvebis mkvlelobaTa umetesinawili Cadenilia erTi an orive mSoblis,ufro xSirad dedis mier. 10 wlamde asakisbavSvTa mkvlelobis 50-dan 75%-mde Cadeniliaojaxis wevrebis mier. es Tanafardobamcirdeba 20%-mde 10-dan 14 wlamde bavSvebisda 5%-mde 15-dan 19 wlamde bavSvebissikvdilianobis SemTxvevaSi. 10 wlamde asakisbavSvebis mkvlelobaTa mniSvnelovaniwili modis dedinacvalze an maminacvalze,mSoblis sayvarelze an sxva adamianebze,romlebsac msxverpli icnobs.aSS-Si Catarebuli gamokvlevis Tanaxmad aRmoCnda,rom ojaxis wevrebis mier Cadenilimkvlelobis mdedrobiTi sqesis msxverplimamrobiTi sqesis msxverplze orjer metia. 29ojaxis wevris mier gogonebis mkvlelobaiklebs 10 wlis asakis Semdeg. monacemebismixedviT, isini xSirad partniorebis mkvlelobisobieqtebi xdebian (partniorebi,romlebsac isini xvdebian an maTi meuRleebi)an mkvleloba Cadenilia partniorTa ojaxiswevrebis mier. ufro metic, im regionebSi, sadacmiRebulia adreuli qorwineba qalebSida e.w. ‘Rirsebis saxeliT Cadenili mkvleloba~,SesaZlebelia, rom ojaxis wevrebis miergogonebis mkvlelobis procenti stabiluridarCes an saerTod gaizardos 10-dan 14 da 15-dan 19 wlamde asakobriv jgufebSi. saWiroaSemdgomi gamokvlevis Catareba, raTa es faqtidadasturdes.arsebobs informacia, rom samxreT aziiszogierT nawilSi metad maRalia gogonebissikvdilianobis procenti mSobiarobispirvel dReebSi da xSirad amgvarisikvdilianoba SeniRbulia da dafiqsirebulia,rogorc mkvdari nayofis mSobiaroba.indoeTSi Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad,fexmZimobis Sedegebze 1000 gamokiTxuliqalisagan axalSobili mdedrobiTi sqesisbavSvis naadrevi sikvdilianoba gamowveuliamdedrobiTi sqesis axalSobilTa mkvlelobiT.amgvari praqtika ar aris damaxasiaTebelimxolod indoeTisaTvis. tamilnaduSi Catarebuli erTi kvlevis Tanaxmad,axalSobilTa sikvdilianobis mizezis8-10% 1995 wels SeiZleba yofiliyo mdedrobiTisqesis axalSobilTa mkvleloba. 30saWiroa Semdgomi kvlevis Catareba, raTaukeTesad iqnes Seswavlili am fenomenis xasiaTida masStabebi qveynebis mixedviT.fizikuri Zaladoba, romelsac armosdevs sasikvdilo Sedegifizikuri Zaladoba warmoadgens fizikuriZalis gamiznul gamoyenebas bavSvis mimarT,romelic savalalo SedegiT mTavrdebaan arsebobs didi albaToba, rom is bavSvisjanmrTelobas, mis gadarCenas, ganvi-Tarebas an mis Rirsebas miayenebs zians.mTel msoflioSi bavSvebs sakuTari ojaxiswevrebi urtyamen, fexiT cemen, anjRreven,kbenen, wvaven, axrCoben, wamlaven da gudaven.eqstremalur SemTxvevebSi amgvariZaladoba SeiZleba bavSvis sikvdilis mizezigaxdes (rogorc zeviT iyo ganxiluli),bavSvi an dainvaliddes, an mZime fizikuritravma miiRos. sxva SemTxvevebSi fizikurmaZaladobam SeiZleba dazianebis garegnulikvali ar datovos. Tumca yvela SemTxveva-Si fizikuri Zaladoba bavSvis fsiqikasa daganviTarebaze uaryofiTad moqmedebs.msoflio masStabiT Catarebuli gamokiTxvisTanaxmad, ojaxSi bavSvis mimarT fizi-

3kuri Zaladoba farTod aris gavrcelebuliyvela regionSi. magaliTad, iranisislamuri respublikis qurTistanis provinciaSi11-dan 18 wlis asakamde moswavleebSiCatarebuli gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad,moswavleTa 35% fizikuri Zaladobismsxverplia, ris Sedegadac maT miRebuliaqvT msubuqi an mZime dazianebebi. 31 koreisrespublikaSi bavSvTa wamebasTandakavSirebiT Catarebuli gamokvlevisTanaxmad aRmoCnda, rom wixlebiT cema,kbena, daxrCoba da cema mSoblebis mxridanmetad gavrcelebuli praqtikaa. arsebobsfizikuri dazianebis maRali riskida zog SemTxvevaSi mas invalidoba mohyveba.32 gaerTianebul samefoSi Catarebuligamokvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom ufroxSirad fizikuri Zaladobis Camdeni ariandedebi da mamebi, Tumca dafiqsirebuliadis an Zmis mier Cadenili Zaladobisfaqtebic. 33bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis komitetis mierfizikuri dasja gansazRvrulia, rogorc‘nebismieri dasja, rodesac fizikuri Zalagamoiyeneba da gamiznulia, raTa gamoiwviosgarkveuli xarisxis, Tundac msubuqi,tkivili an diskomforti.~ 34 msofliosmzardma SeSfoTebam ojaxSi fizikuridasjis (rac damkvidrda, radgan iTvlebakanonierad da sazogadoebaSic miRebulia)farTo masStabebis gamo, gaamZafra interesimisi da misi formebis gagebis TvalsazrisiTda es Tema msjelobis sagnadac aqcia.fizikuri dasja ufro xSirad gulisxmobsbavSvis cemas (garozgvas, gatyepas,silis gawvnas) xeliT an raime iaraRiT –maTraxiT, joxiT, qamriT, fexsacmliT, xiskovziT da a.S. fizikur dasjad aseve Sei-Zleba CaiTvalos, magaliTad, fexis dartyma,njRreva, gadasrola, daCxapna, Cqmeta,kbena, TmiT Treva an yurebis aweva; aseve,roca bavSvs aiZuleben, gaCerdes mouxrasfiqroben bavSvebi fizikur dasjazealiansma Save the Children sagangebod winamdebare kvlevisTvis Caatara msofliomasStabis gamokvleva bavSvebis fizikuri da damamcirebeli dasjis sakiTxebze.daskvniTi angariSis Tanaxmad, bavSvebis udidesi nawili ar eTanxmeba im azrs, romamgvar dasjas raime dadebiTi Sedegi moaqvs. aRniSnuli angariSis mixedviT, maSin,roca bevri bavSvi SeiZleba dauyovnebliv daemorCilos ufrosebis survils cemisSemdeg, `mcirewlovan bavSvebs xSirad ar axsovT, Tu ratom scemes da bavSvebiTavs Seikaveben araswori moqcevisagan, Tu maT im wuTas eliT cemis saSiSroeba.amgvari dasja aSinebs bavSvebs: is bavSvebs kargi qcevisaken ar ubiZgebs, arcTviTdisciplinas aswavlis da arc nebismieri sxva alternativis xelSemwyobadar gvevlineba.~ 41 evropasa da centralur aziaSi iunisefis mier CatarebuligamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, 75%-ze metma bavSma ganacxada, rom `cema~ `arasodes~yofila ojaxSi problemebis gadawyvetis kargi saSualeba. 42 kvlevis farglebSiCatarebul regionul konsultaciebze bavSvebi erTxmad mouwodebdnen dasjissxva formebis gamoyenebisaken; maT surdaT mieRoT axsna-ganmarteba, Tu ratommoiqcnen cudad. isini xazs usvamdnen im faqts, Tu ramdenad mtkivneulia cema dadamcireba im adamianebis mxridan, visac, wesiT da rigiT, isini unda uyvardes daunda zrunavdes maTze.59bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

60bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSierxebel mdgomareobaSi, dawva, dafufqva,iZulebiT Wmeva (magaliTad, pirSi sapnisgamovleba an cxare saneleblebis ZaliTWmeva). bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti aRniSnavs:‘komitetis azriT, fizikuri dasjasaSinlad damamcirebelia. garda amisa, arsebobsdasjis sxva arafizikuri formebic,romlebic aseTive umowyalo da damamcirebeliada amgvarad ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvisuflebaTa konvencias. aRniSnul formebsmiekuTvneba, magaliTad, dasja, rogoricaadamcireba, Seuracxyofa, Cirqis mocxeba,javris amoyra (‘gantevebis vaci~), daSinebaan bavSvis dacinva.~ 35Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobaSiZalze gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebiarsebobs fizikuri dasjis gamoyenebisada misi efeqtianobis Sesaxeb. Tu kanadaSiCatarebulma kvlevam gamoavlina, rommosaxleobis 59%-is azriT silis gawvna sazianoada 86% mas araefeqtianad miiCnevs, 36aSS-Si Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad,mosaxleobis 84% Tvlis, rom ‘bavSvisdasasjelad zogjer saWiroa kargi silisgawvna~. 37,38 koreis respublikaSi Catarebulmakvlevam cxadyo, rom mSoblebis90%-is azriT fizikuri dasja ‘saWiroa~. 39iemenidan miRebuli angariSis Tanaxmad,bavSvebis 90%-ma ganacxada, rom fizikurida damamcirebeli dasja ojaxSi mopyrobisZiriTadi saxea, xolo cema _ yvelaze gavrcelebuliforma. 40ugulebelyofaugulebelyofa mcirewlovan bavSvebSisikvdilianobis da daavadebis xelSemwyobimniSvnelovani faqtoria. ugulebelyofaniSnavs mSobelTa an mzrunvelTa mxridanbavSvis fizikuri da sulieri saWiroebebisdaukmayofileblobas, roca maT aqvT amissaSualebebi _ codna da SesaZlebloba, anroca maT ar SeuZliaT bavSvebis xifaTisagandacva. xSirad Znelia zRvaris gavlebaimaT Soris, Tu romeli qmedebaa ganzraxCadenili da romeli _ uvicobiT an mzrunvelobisnaklebobiT. msoflios bevrnawilSi gamokvleuli ar aris, Tu ramdenadaxdens gavlenas ugulebelyofa sikvdilianobiskoeficientze (gamonaklisi, ‘dakarguligogonebis~ fenomenis CaTvliT, ix.qvemoT).ugulebelyofis SemTxvevebi ver aixsnebaaradamakmayofilebeli jandacvissistemiTa da cudi kvebis pirobebiT. zogganviTarebul qveyanaSi uflebamosilorganoebSi bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobisSesaxeb Setyobinebis udidesi wiliugulebelyofas gulisxmobs. am qveynebSiCatarebuli gamokvlevebi adasturebs, romZaladobisa da ugulebelyofis formebiurTierTdakavSirebulia. 43 kvlevis farglebSiCatarebuli yvela regionul konsultaciazegamoiTqva SeSfoTeba unarSez-Ruduli bavSvebis ugulebelyofasTandakavSirebiT. imis miuxedavad, rom raodenobrivimonacemebi cotaa, cnobilia, romes bavSvebi ugulebelyofis didi riskiswinaSe dganan, ZiriTadi fizikuri saWiroebebisuaryofiT dawyebuli da sulieriizolaciiT da stimulirebis naklebobiTdamTavrebuli.indoeTSi sqesobrivi niSniT ugulebelyofissakiTxebze Catarebuli gamokvlevisSedegad gairkva, rom gogonebi biWebTan SedarebiTufro xSirad arian ugulebelyofiliCvilobis asakSi. isini ufro iSviaTadhyavT ZuZuT kvebaze, vidre biWebi da ufromokle periodis ganmavlobaSi kvebaven Zu-ZuTi; ZuZus mocilebis Semdeg maT ufrodabali xarisxis da naklebi raodenobissakvebs aZleven. 44 gogonebi ufro iSviaTad

`roca daaxloebiT 12 wlis viyavi, me mgoni, mamaCemisgan davorsuldi. Tavismokvlas vapirebdi, radgan Cems Tavs vekiTxebodi: `rogor unda avuxsnaes yovelive xalxs?~ me vgulisxmob, rom viyavi Tormeti wlis. amas aravindamijerebs~.axalgazrda gogo, CrdiloeTi amerika, 2005 iv3dahyavT samedicino dawesebulebebSi daufro gvian mimarTaven am dawesebulebebsmaTi avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi. 45 nepal-Si poliomielitis infeqciis SedegebzeCatarebulma gamokvlevam gvaCvena, rom ramdenimewlis Semdeg biWebSi gadarCenis procentiorjer maRali iyo, vidre gogonebSi,imis miuxedavad, rom polioemilitiT daavadebisSemTxvevebi Tanabrad gvxvdebarogorc mamrobiTi, aseve mdedrobiTi sqesisavadmyofebSi. es bavSvebze zrunvisasmikerZoebaze miuTiTebs. 46 CineTSi sqesisTanafardoba gauwonasworebelia biWebissasargeblod (117 – 100), rac axalSobilCvilTa daxocvas ukavSirdeba. 47seqsualuri ZaladobajanmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT,18 wlamde asakis 50 milioni gogoda 73 milioni biWi iZulebiTi sqesobrivikavSiris an seqsualuri Zaladobis sxvaformebis, maT Soris, fizikuri kontaqtis,msxverplia, 48 Tumca es cifri, rasakvirvelia,realur maCvenebelze dabalia. seqsualuriZaladobis umetesi SemTxvevebi Cadeniliaojaxis wevrebis an sxva adamianebismier, romlebic bavSvis ojaxSi cxovrobenan stumrad dadian maTTan. es is adamianebiarian, romlebsac bavSvebi, Cveulebriv,endobian da romlebic xSirad pasuxismgebeliarian bavSvis movla-patronobaze.21 qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT, maRali da sa-Sualo donis Semosavlebis mqone qveynebSi,Catarebuli epidemiologiuri gamokvlevisSedegebis mixedviT aRmoCnda, rom, sulmcire, 7% mdedrobiTi (es odenoba meryeobs36%-mde) da 3% mamrobiTi sqesis (meryeobs29%-mde) adamianebisa bavSvobaSi iyo seqsualuriZaladobis msxverpli. 49 am gamokvlevismixedviT, 14-dan 56%-mde seqsualuriZaladoba gogonebSi da 25%-mde biWebSiCadenili iyo naTesavebis, dedinacvalis anmaminacvalis mier. bevr adgilebSi ufrosiTaobis warmomadgenlebi gulaxdiladlaparakoben seqsualuri Zaladobis riskisSesaxeb, romlis winaSec dganan maTiSvilebi skolaSi an TanatolebTan TamaSisdros. Tumca ufrosebi iSviaTad miuTiTebenseqsualuri Zaladobis im riskze, romliswinaSec isini ojaxur da saxlis garemoSidganan. ojaxSi bavSvebze seqsualuriZaladobis Sedegad gaCenilma sircxvilma,gulCaTxrobilobam da am faqtis uaryofamsayovelTao dumilis kultura daamkvidra,rodesac bavSvebs ar SeuZliaT ilaparakonmaT mimarT Cadenili seqsualuri ZaladobisSesaxeb, ufrosebi ar laparakobenojaxSi seqsualuri Zaladobis riskis Sesaxebda ufrosebma ar ician, rogor moiqcnenan ra Tqvan, roca gauCndebaT eWvi, romadamiani, romelsac isini icnoben, bavSvismimarT seqsualur Zaladobas sCadis.bavSvebis umetesi nawili ar yveba maT mimarTojaxSi Cadenili seqsualuri ZaladobisSesaxeb, radgan isini SiSoben, rommaT da maT ojaxebs safrTxe daemuqrebaT,an sakuTar ojaxebs maT gamo SercxvebaTan maTze uars ityvian, an ar daujereben.ufrosebmac SeiZleba ar gaamxilon amgvariZaladoba. im TemebSi da ojaxebSi, sadacgabatonebulia mamakacuri, qaluri daojaxis Rirsebis mkacri normebi, is biWebi,romlebic gaamxelen seqsualur Zaladobas,SeiZleba miiCnion sust da arakacurpirovnebad, xolo im gogonebs, romlebicseqsualur Zaladobas gaamxelen, Tavad dasdebenbrals da xSir SemTxvevebSi scemen anmoklaven. 50,51 rogorc biWebi, aseve gogonebidaucveli arian seqsualuri Zaladobisagan.Tumca saerTaSoriso gamokvlevebisTanaxmad irkveva, rom gogonebis mimarTCadenili seqsualuri Zaladobis koefici-61bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`15 wlis viyavi da me-9 klasSi vswavlobdi, roca ocnebebi damemsxvra. mJavaSemasxes, roca uari ganvacxade qorwinebaze. SegiZliaT warmoidginoT isfizikuri tkivili, roca mJavas gasxamen saxeze da sxeulze, magram sircxvilifizikur tkivilze uaresia da is SeiZleba samudamod dagrCes~.mJavis gamoyenebis msxverpli, samxreTi da centraluri azia, 2005 V62bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSienti, Cveulebriv, ufro maRalia, vidre bi-Webis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobisa. 52,53janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis mieram ukanasknel xans mraval qveyanaSi Catarebuligamokvlevis dros 10 qveyanaSi (bangladeSi,brazilia, eTiopia, iaponia, peru,namibia, samoa, yofili serbeTi da Cernogoria,tailandi, da tanzaniis gaerTianebulirespublika) gamoikiTxa 24 000 qali. maTdausves kiTxva _ 15 wlis asakamde hqondaTTu ara gancdili seqsualuri Zaladoba anaiZules Tu ara isini, gaekeTebinaT iseTiram, rac maT ar undodaT. 54 am qveynebidanzogSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia bavSvobaSiojaxis wevrebis mxridan seqsualuri Zaladobiswili:••••••braziliaSi orivegan, qalaqSic daprovinciaSic, qalebis, Sesabamisad,12% da 9% yofila seqsualuriZaladobis msxverpli bavSvobaSi,gamokiTxulTa 66%-ma da 54%-maganacxada, rom Zaladoba Cadeniliiyo ojaxis wevrebis mier.namibiaSi qalebis 21%-ma ganacxada,rom isini iyvnen seqsualuri Zaladobismsxverpli. aqedan qalebis47%-is TqmiT, Zaladoba Caidinaojaxis romelime wevrma.peruSi orivegan, qalaqSic daprovinciaSic, qalebis 19,5%-mada 18%-ma ganacxada seqsualuriZaladobis Sesaxeb da, Sesabamisad,Zaladobis CamdenTa 54% da 41%ojaxis wevri iyo.gogonebis mimarT seqsualuri ZaladobisCamdeni ufro xSirad ojaxis mamrobiTisqesis wevrebi (Zmebi, biZebi) iyvnen, Semdeg_ maminacvlebi, mamebi da ojaxis mdedrobiTisqesis warmomadgenlebi. ojaxis mamrobiTisqesis megobrebsac aseve xSiradasaxelebdnen Zaladobis Camdenebad. sxvagamokvleva adasturebs, rom bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis Camdeni iyvnen mSoblebi,mzrunvelebi, deidebi da biZebi, da-Zmebi,bebiebi da babuebi, biZaSvilebi da ojaxismegobrebi. magaliTad:••••••••samxreT afrikaSi gamokiTxuli15-dan 49 wlis asakamde qalebis21%-ma ganacxada, rom survilissawinaaRmdegod ZaliT an darwmunebiTaiZules, rom seqsualuriurTierToba hqonoda 15 wlisasakamde da rom Zaladobis Camdenimisi naTesavi iyo. 55rumineTSi 13-14 wlis asakis bavSvebSiqveynis masStabiT Catarebuligamokvlevis Tanaxmad, bavSvebis9%-ma ganacxada, rom isini ojaxSiseqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpliiyvnen, xolo 1%-ma ganacxada, romisini ojaxis wevrma gaaupatiura. 56palestinis okupirebul teritoriazestudentebs SorisCatarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegad19%-ma ganacxada, rom isini 16wlis asakamde, sul mcire, erTxelmainc iyvnen seqsualuri Zaladobismsxverpli ojaxis wevrismxridan. 36,2%-ma ganacxada, rom,sul mcire, erTxel mainc ganucdiaseqsualuri Zaladoba naTesavismxridan. mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTisqesis warmomadgenlebSi bavSvobisasakSi seqsualuri Zaladobis erTnairimaCvenebeli dafiqsirda. 57honkongis CineTis specialuriadministraciuli regionis universitetisstudentebis kvlevisSedegad gamoirkva, rom gamokiTxuli17 wlis asakamde mamakacebis4,3%-s da qalebis 7,4%-s erTxel anmetjr ganucdia seqsualuri Zala-

3••••doba. SemTxvevebis erT mesamedzenaklebSi Zaladobis Camdeni ucxopirebi iyvnen. 581997-1998 wlebSi espaneTSi bavSvTadacvasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebisanalizma gviCvena, rom Zaladobis3,6% modioda seqsualurZaladobaze da seqsualuri ZaladobisCamdenTa 96% ojaxis wevrebian naTesavebi iyvnen. yvelaze didiwili mamebsa da maminacvlebze modioda,Semdeg iyvnen dedebi, biZebian deidebi. 59somaliSi Catarebuli erT-erTigamokvlevis dros bavSvebis 20%-ma ganacxada, rom maT icodnensakuTar ojaxSi bavSvis mimarTCadenili seqsualuri ZaladobisSesaxeb. 60seqsualur qcevasTan da RirsebisaRqmasTan dakavSirebuliZaladobamiCneulia, rom zog SemTxvevaSi gogonebimaT mimarT Cadenili seqsualuri ZaladobisTanamonawileebi arian da maT ZaladobisCamden pirebze metad akisriaT pasuxismgeblobanebismieri sqesobrivi kav-Siris, iZulebiTi an sxva saxis Zaladobisgamo. zog qveyanaSi 12 welze ufrosi asakisgogonebs sastikad sjian gaupatiurebis ansxva seqsualuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi,Tu Zaladobis Camdeni am faqts uaryofs daamis mowmec ar arsebobs. 61 zogierTi qveynistradiciebis mixedviT, Tu arsebobs eWvi,rom ojaxis mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelmaqaliSviloba dakarga an is gaaupatiures,es faqti aRiqmeba ojaxis RirsebisSelaxvad da SeiZleba ojaxis romelimewevrma es qali moklas. pakistanSi adamianisuflebaTa organizaciebis informaciiT,mxolod 2003 wels dafiqsirebulia 1200-ze meti e.w. ‘Rirsebis saxeliT Cadenilimkvleloba~. 62,63 aseTive mkvlelobebi xdebaiordaniaSi, indoeTSi, libiaSi, palestinisokupirebul teritoriaze, TurqeTSi, eraysada avRaneTSi, aseve im qveynebSi, sadacaziidan da axlo aRmosavleTidan Casulimosaxleoba cxovrobs. gaerTianebuli samefosmonacemebiT, iq yovelwliurad amgvarimkvlelobebis daaxloebiT 12 SemTxvevaxdeba. 64 am saxis mkvlelobebi warmoadgensgacilebiT ufro farTo problemis _daSinebisa da Zaladobis _ eqstremalurdasasruls. 65gansakuTrebiT sastiki Zaladoba SeiZlebaCadenil iqnes im gogonebisa da qalebis mimarT,romlebic stereotipuli normebisTanaxmad ar iqcevian. magaliTad, sasiyvaruloan saqorwino winadadebebis uaryofamSeiZleba mwvave reaqcia gamoiwvios.bangladeSSi yovelwliurad qalebisa dagogonebis winaaRmdeg mJavis gamoyenebisdaaxloebiT 120 SemTxveva aRiniSneba, 66 racqorwinebis an urTierTobis winadadebisuaryofas ukavSirdeba da 2003 wels SemTxvevaTa17%-s Seadgina. 67 gogonebis umetesinawili Raribi ojaxebidanaa da amgvariSemTxvevebi xdeba skolisken mimaval gzazean roca isini wylisa Tu sawvavis mosatanadgadian.seqsualuri Zaladobaintimuri urTierTobis dabavSvebis qorwinebis drosgogonebisa da zogjer biWebis umetesobisaTvissiWabukis xanaSi pirveli sqesobriviurTierToba arasasurveli daiZulebiTic ki aris. am tipis seqsualuriZaladoba xdeba seqsualuri partniorobisas,arasrulwlovnebTan mudmivi kavSireb-63bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`me mZuls adreuli qorwineba. me patara gavTxovdi da Cemi dedamTil-mamamTilimaiZulebdnen Cems qmarTan dawolas. is mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi mawvalebda. amis SemdegdaRamebisas yoveldRe vfiqrobdi, rom es isev ganmeordeboda. es yvelaze metad mezizReba~.11 wlis gogo, romelic 5 wlis asakSi gaaTxoves, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika, 2005 VI64bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiisas da qorwinebebisas. Zaladobas SeiZlebaaseve moxdes paemnis drosac, magram am tipisaraoficialuri partnioruli urTier-Toba mozard biWebsa da gogonebSi (da erTisqesis axalgazrdebSi), rogorc wesi, saxlisada ojaxis gareT xdeba. amitom Zaladobises tipi ganxilulia TavSi ‘bavSvebismimarT TemSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb~.bevr sazogadoebaSi axalgazrdebis qorwinebisan mudmivi kavSiris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebasmSoblebi da ojaxis ufrosebiiReben; gogonebis SemTxvevaSi es sqesobrivimomwifebis dros an momwifebisdamTavrebisTanave xdeba. zogjer amgvarkavSirebs bavSvebs iZulebiT axveven Tavs,gansakuTrebiT gogonebs, da amgvari SemTxvevebiadreuli qorwinebiT mTavrdeba.miuxedavad imisa, rom gasamarTlebel sabuTadojaxis Rirsebis dacvas da gogonassqesobriv siwmindes iSvelieben, aranaklebrols TamaSobs ekonomikuri faqtorebic:xelmokle ojaxebSi gogonebi SeiZlebaekonomikur tvirTad CaiTvalon; mziTvisxarjebi Cveulebriv mcirea, xolo sapatarZlosTvisgankuTvnili Tanxa, mcirewlovanigogonebis SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiTmaRalia; axalgazrda gogos qorwineba Sei-Zleba misi da misi ojaxis ekonomikuri momavlisuzrunvelyofis mizniT Sedges.qalebis mimarT diskriminaciis yvelaformis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciaSiganmartebulia, rom bavSvis qorwinebas Sei-Zleba ar hqondes iuridiuli Zala da rommiRebuli unda iqnes yvela saWiro zoma,maT Soris kanonmdebloba, romelSic gansazRvruliiqneba qorwinebis minimaluriasaki. 1994 wels qalebis mimarT diskriminaciisaRmofxvris komitetma Tavis zogadrekomendaciebSi Tanasworobis da ojaxuriurTierTobebis Sesaxeb rekomendacia gauwiaqorwinebis minimalur asakad biWebisada gogonebisaTvis 18 wlis asakis aRiarebas.bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma aitaca eswinadadeba da is xSirad urCevs saxelmwifoebs,rom awion da gaaTanabron qorwinebisaTviskanoniT dadgenili asaki.adreul qorwinebas gogonebis janmrTelobisaTvis,maTi ganviTarebisa da uflebebisaTvismniSvnelovnad uaryofiTi Sedegebimoaqvs. amgvari qorwineba xSirad arTmevsmaT ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobasda sazogadoebisagan maTi izolaciiTmTavrdeba. iTvleba, rom axalgazrdacolebi Tanaxma arian sqesobriv kavSirzesakuTar qmrebTan da isini adreul asakSiorsuldebian, roca maTi sxeuli amisTvisjer mzad ar aris. isini ufro didi problemebiswinaSe dgebian mSobiarobis drosda dedis sikvdilianobis procentic gacilebiTmaRalia. igive SeiZleba iTqvasbavSvebis qorwinebaze. 68janmrTelobisa da ganviTarebis sxvadasxvasafrTxis garda, gogonebi, romlebic 18wlis asakamde Txovdebian, qmrebis xelSifizikuri, seqsualuri da fsiqologiuriZaladobis obieqtebic xdebian. arsebulimonacemebis mixedviT, is gogonebi, romlebicaxalgazrda asakSi Txovdebian, ufroxSirad dgebian Zladobis riskis winaSe, vidresxva qalebi. 69 gaTxovili qalebis mimarTpartnioris mxridan intimuri xasia-Tis Zaladoba xSirad gaTxovil qalsa da misqmars Soris uTanasworo urTierTobebisgamovlinebaa da qalisa da mamakacis statusTanda rolTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebaSidamkvidrebuli rwmenis maCvenebelia.bavSvebis qorwinebabavSvebis qorwineba Cveulebrivi movlenaasamxreT aziaSi, dasavleT afrikasa

3diagrama 3.118 wlis asakisTvis gaTxovili qalebis procentuli raodenobanigeriCadimalibangladeSigvineaburkina fasocentraluri afrikis respublikamozambikinepaliugandakamerunieTiopiaiemenieritreamalaviindoeTinigerianikaraguazambiadominikis respublikamadagaskaritanzaniis gaerTianebuli respublikabeninisenegaligvatemalagabonikot diuaritogokomorosizimbabveganakambojakeniaindoneziahaitibraziliakolumbiayirgizeTiboliviaruandaegvipteperufilipinebiyazaxeTivietnaminamibiaTurqmeneTisamxreT afrika777165656562575756545349484747464343424140393736343433313029282525242424212121202019151411109procentuli maCvenebeli80 20 40 60 80 100wyaro: iunisefi (2005). adreuli qorwineba – mavne tradiciuli praqtika. statistikuri kvleva. niuiorki,iunisefi. 1996-2003 wlebis monacemebidan.65bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

66bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSida aRmosavleT da samxreT afrikis zogierTqveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT mozambikSi,ugandasa da eTiopiaSi, aseve axlo aRmosavleTissxva qveynebSi, yvelaze metadki _ iemenSi. zog qveyanaSi, umeteswiladdasavleT afrikaSi, magram aseve bangladeSsada nepalSi gaTxovilia 18 wlis asakisaTvisgogonebis daaxloebiT 60%, xolo,sul mcire, 28 qveyanaSi _ gogonebis 30%. 70marTalia, qveynebis umetes nawilSi arsebobskanonmdebloba, romelic krZalavs 16wlamde asakis gogonebis qorwinebas, zoganki 18 wlamde asakis gogonebis qorwinebaaakrZaluli, magram amgvari kanonebi xSiradaaignorirebuli: ar xdeba qorwinebisregistracia, miRebulia Cveulebrivi anreligiuri wesebiT qorwineba da mxolodcalkeul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba moxdesmaTi ganxilva sasamarTlo wesiT.miaxloebiT gamoTvlilia, rom amJamad 82milioni gogona 18 wlis asakamde Txovdebada maTi asaki ZiriTadad 10-dan 17 wlamdemeryeobs. 71 aqve Sedis mniSvnelovaniraodenoba im gogonebisa, romlebic ufroadreul asakSi Txovdebian. magaliTad, nepalSigogonebis 7% 10 wlis asakisaTvisukve gaTxovilia, xolo 40% gaTxovilia15 wlis asakamde. 72 eTiopiis amharas regionSisoflad mcxovrebi gogonebis 40%15 wlis asakisaTvisaa gaTxovili, 73 zogjermotacebis an gaupatiurebis Semdeg, risimizanic iyo saqorwilo xarjebis Tavidanacileba. yvela amgvar SemTxvevaSi ar arisaqtualuri partniorebis, gansakuTrebiTki gogonebis mxridan qorwinebaze da sqesobrivkavSirze Tanxmobis cneba. rodesacojaxebs Soris miRweulia qorwinebisSesaxeb Tanxmoba, gogonas qmris ojaxSiagzavnian da xSirad col-qmars Soris sqesobriviurTierToba 10-11 wlis asakSi,gogonas menstrualuri ciklis dawyebamdeiwyeba.fizikuri, seqsualuri dafsiqologiuri ZaladobagaTxovili gogonebi maTi qmrebis mxridanxSirad ganicdian Zaladobas. demografiulida jandacvis gamokvlevebis bolo xansCatarebulma analizma gvaCvena, rom gasuli12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi meuRlis mxridanZaladobis msxverplia 15-dan 19 wlisasakamde gogonebis 4% kambojaSi, 15,4% _dominikis respublikaSi, 21,0% _ egvipteSi,25,4% _ haitize, 10,4% _ indoeTSi,18,2% _ nikaraguaSi da 33,3% _ zambia-Si. 74 aRniSnul qveynebSi ufro axalgazrdaqalebi da qalebi, romlebic adreul asakSigaTxovdnen, acxadeben seqsualuri partniorismxridan Zaladobis Sesaxeb.gaTxovili gogonebis mimarT meuRleebisxvadasxva tipis fizikur Zaladobas avlenen:xelis kvra, njRreva, silis gawvna,muStis Cartyma, kbena, wixlis Cartyma, TmebiTTreva, daxrCoba, dawva da daSineba/iaraRiT muqara. im sazogadoebaSi, sadacarsebobs mziTevis tradicia, seqsualuripartnioris mxridan Zaladoba axalgazrdapatarZlis mimarT SeiZleba gamoiwvios imfaqtma, rom patarZlis ojaxma ver gaatanamas mziTevi an qmari da/an qmris naTesavebiukmayofilo arian miRebuli TanxiT.ojaxSi Zaladobis da mziTevTan dakavSirebuliSeuracxyofis gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs,rom axlo naTesavebi, gansakuTrebiTqmris ojaxis wevrebi, mniSvnelovan rolsTamaSoben qalebis mimarT ZaladobaSi.xSirad moZalade swored qmaria, romelsacdedamTili exmareba. 75 zog SemTxvevaSiki axali patarZlis mimarT Zaladobis daSeuracxyofis ZiriTadi Camdeni arian qmrisnaTesavebi. 76,77,78 indoeTSi Catarebuligamokvlevis Tanaxmad gamoaSkaravda, romqalebi, romlebic acxadeben mziTevis gamo

`bebiaCemi Camovida. man miTxra, rom winadacveTa unda gaekeTebinaT, magramme ver gavige misi naTqvami _ `axla Sen sxvebiviT iqnebi, maT aRar CamorCebi~.Semdeg isini moemzadnen. mxrebi da muxlebi damiWires, me tirili daviwye davcdilobdi, fexebi momeWira. es saSineleba iyo. arasodes damaviwydeba~.deda, romelic jer kidev emorCileba Tavisi dedamTilis nebas da sakuTariqaliSvilebis sasqeso organoebis damaxijebaze Tanxmdeba, aRmosavleTi dasamxreTi afrika, 2005 vii3fizikuri Zaladobis da Seuracxyofisfaqtebis Sesaxeb, yvelaze xSirad dedamTilebsasaxeleben (95%), Semdeg _ qmrebs damamamTilebs (72% TiToeuls), mulebs (49%)da mazlebs (14%). 79bevri gaTxovili gogona ganicdis seqsualurZaladobas sakuTari partnioris mxridan;isini SeiZleba fizikurad an daSinebiTaiZulon sqesobrivi kavSiris damyarebazesakuTari survilis sawinaaRmdegod; isiniSeiZleba daTanxmdnen sqesobriv kavSirzeimis SiSiT, rom ar ician ras moimoqmedebsmaTi partniori uaris SemTxvevaSi an maTSeiZleba aiZulon imgvari sqesobrivi kav-Siri, romelic MmaTTvis damamcirebeliiqneba. im sazogadoebebSi, sadac arsebobstradicia, rom qorwinebisas mamakacebsSeiZleba qalebTan ganusazRvreli sqesobriviurTierToba hqondeT, gaTxoviligogonebi ganicdian iZulebiT an travmulseqsualur iniciacias. 80meuRleebis mxridan gaTxovili gogonebismimarT fsiqologiuri Zaladoba gulisxmobsmaT an maTi axloblis damcirebas,daSinebas da maTi qcevebis kontrols. rocagogona Zaladobriv qorwinebas gaqceviTSvelis Tavs da sakuTar saxlSi brundeba,masze sakuTarma mSoblebma SeiZleba uariTqvan da scemon cudi colobisaTvis.mavne tradiciuliCveulebebizog garemoSi damkvidrebul tradiciebigulisxmobs iseT Cveulebebs, romlebsactkivili da ‘damaxinjeba~ moaqvT bavSvebisaTvis.aseTia: sxeulze amoWra (skarifikacia),damRis dasma an sviringis gakeTeba.marTalia termini ‘mavne tradiciuliCveulebebi~ ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia qalissasqeso organoebis damaxinjebasTan,magram arsebobs sxva mavne Cveulebebic,romlebic gamoiyeneba rogorc biWebis,ise gogonebis mimarT. eTiopiaSi 1998 welsmavne tradiciebis winaaRmdeg mebrZolierovnuli komitetis mier CatarebuligamokiTxvis Tanaxmad gamovlinda, romuvulektomia (piris ukana nawilis rbilisasidan rbilobis amoReba) CautardabavSvebis 84%-s, xolo sarZeve kbilebisamoReba – 89%-s. 81 aseTi tipis operaciebiSeiZleba gakeTdes arasteriluri xelsawyoebiT,rac infeqciis potenciur wyaroswarmoadgens.kvlevis farglebSi dasavleT da centralurafrikaSi Catarebuli konsultaciebismonawileebma gamoxates SeSfoTebaimis gamo, rom dasavleT afrikis qveynebSi,mavritaniis, nigersa da CrdiloeT maliSi,mSoblebi, romlebsac surdaT, rom racSeiZleba adreul asakSi gaeTxovebinaT sakuTariqaliSvilebi, 5-10 wlis gogonebsZaliT aWmevdnen, raTa fizikurad ufroswrafad ganviTarebuliyvnen, msuqan, momwifebulqalebs damsgavsebodnen da mimzidveligamxdariyvnen mamakacebisaTvis. amanSeiZleba savalalo Sedegebi gamoiwvios,SesaZloa qmrebma daiwunon isini, rodesacmixvdebian, rom maT jer ar dawyebiaT menstrualuricikli da, Sesabamisad, ar Seu-ZliaT bavSvebis gaCena; amasTan, bavSvebisWarbi simsuqne momavalSi dakavSirebuliajanmrTelobis seriozul problemebTan_ iwvevs gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebs,maRal arteriul wnevasa Tu diabets.qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba/mokveTatermini ‘mavne tradiciuli Cveulebebi~yvelaze xSirad ixmareba qalis sasqeso or-67bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

diagrama 3.2qalebisa da maTi qaliSvilebis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebis gavrceleba100qalebi (15-dan 49 wlis asakamde), romlebsacdaumaxinjes/mokveTes sasqeso organoebiqalebi (15-dan 49 wlis asakamde), romelTaerT qaliSvils mainc daumaxinjes/mokveTessasqeso organoebi99979290 89qveynebi, sadac gavrcelebuliasasqeso organoebis mokveTaqalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba/mokveTa.arsebobs demografiulida jandacvis gamokvlevebisada mravalindikatoruliklasterulikvlevebis monacemebi.68bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiprocentuli maCvenebeli806040200gvinea54egvipte47mali7358sudani(CrdiloeTi)eritrea6380eTiopia4877burkinafaso327166mavritania45 45kot diuari24monacemebi mopovebulia 1996-2004 wlebSi. gadamuSavebulia iunisefis mier. mavne socialuritradiciebis Secvla: qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjeba/mokveTa. `inoCenti daijest~, #12,florencia, iunisefis kvleviTi centri `inoCenti~; iunisefi (2005). qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba/mokveTa: statistikuri Seswavla. niu-iorki, iunisefi.qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebis gavrcelebisa da xasiaTis yvelaze saimedoda vrceli monacemebi warmodgenilia demografiuli da jandacvis gamokvlevebisada mravalindikatoruli klasteruli kvlevebis mier. Tumca aRniSnuli kvlevebi armoicavs qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebis sirTulis xarisxs, romelic qveynebismixedviT mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia. amasTanave, zog qveyanaSi, magaliTad, somalisada jibutiSi, sadac yvelaze metad aris gavrcelebuli qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjebis yvelaze sastiki formebi, demografiuli da jandacvis gamokvlevada mravalindikatoruli klasteruli kvleva ar Catarebula.Cadi36centraluriafrikisrespublika322321 20 19 18 17keniaiemeninigeria10tanzaniisgaerTianebulirespublikaqalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba/mokveTa.demografiuli da jandacvisgamokvlevebisa damravalindikatoruliklasterulikvlevebis monacemebi.qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba/mokveTagavrcelebuli ar aris.7 6benini5 53nigerigana1kameruni

3ganoebis damaxijebis an ‘mokveTis~ SemTxvevaSi,rogorc amas aRweren iq, sadac amgvaripraqtikaa miRebuli. janmrTelobismsoflio organizaciis SefasebiT, msoflioSi100-dan 140 milionamde gogonas daqals aqvs gakeTebuli qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjebis operacia. 82 gogonebsadreuli asakidan mozardobis periodisdasrulebamde gakeTebuli aqvT sasqesoorganoebis, rogorc wesi, klitoris CaTvliT,mokveTis operacia, rac qorwinebiswinapirobad iTvleba. 83 qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjeba miCneulia qalwulobisdacvis saSualebad, galamazebis procesadda mTel rig qveynebSi mas qorwinebiswinapirobad Tvlian.arsebobs qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebissxvadasxva forma, romelTaganzogierTi gulisxmobs sasqeso organoebSiufro radikalur Carevas (mokveTas). yvelazeeqstremalur SemTxvevaSi (Wrilobiskideebis kavebiT SeerTeba) Sida mciresasqeso bageebi da gareTa didi bageebiikveTeba da nawiburebi imgvarad erTdeba,rom saSo TiTqmis ixureba. amis Semdeg gogonasterfidan TeZoebamde fexebs ukraven,rac ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi uborkavsmoZraobas da saSualebas aZlevs Wrilobisqsovils forma miiRos. 84 amgvari operaciasomaleli gogonebis 90-98%-s, rogorcwesi, 7-8 wlis asakSi aqvs gakeTebuli. 85 esqalis seqsualur urTierTobaze da dedobazemniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens. xangrZlivimSobiaroba da mkvdari nayofisdabadeba Cveulebrivi movlenaa. mSobiarobisSemdeg qals, Cveulebriv, ‘Tavidan keraven~.yvelaze sando da amomwuravi informaciaqalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebismasStabebisa da xasiaTis Sesaxeb warmodgeniliademografiul da jandacvisgamokvlevebsa da mravalindikatorulklasterul kvlevebSi. aRsaniSnavia, romes SemTxvevebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebadamaxinjebis sisastikis xarisxis mixedviT.qveynebSi, sadac yvelaze xSiria sasqesooganoebis damaxinjebis yvelaze sastikiformebi, ar Catarebula demografiulida jandacvis gamokvleva da mravalindikatoruliklasteruli kvleva. es gansakuTrebiTexeba somalis da jibutis (ix.diagrama 3.2). 2005 wels gamoqveynebuliiunisefis SefasebiT gamoaSkaravda, romyovelwliurad afrikis saharis samxreTnawilSi, egviptesa da sudanSi 3 milionqals da gogonas ukeTeben sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjebis operaciebs. 86amgvari SemTxvevebi yvelaze metad gavrcelebuliaafrikis Crdilo-aRmosavleTinawilis qveynebSi (somali, eTiopia, eritreada jibuti), Semdeg modis mezobeliegvipte da sudani, aRmosavleTi da dasavleTiafrika; ramdenime SemTxveva dafiqsirebuliaaziisa da axlo aRmosavleTisqveynebSic. bevr qveyanaSi, sadac es fenomenigvxvdeba, amas garkveuli xalxi akeTebs;magaliTad, nigeriaSi, demografiuli dajandacvis gamokvlevebis monacemebiT,samxreT provinciebSi amgvari SemTxvevebigavrcelebulia gogonebis 60%-Si, magrammxolod 2% modis CrdiloeT nawilze. keniaSiis TiTqmis sayovelTaod aris miRebulikeniis somalis, masais da sxva tomebSi, magrammTlianad, qveynis masStabiT es cifri32%-s aRwevs. 87 gvineaSi, malisa da mavritaniaSiaxlaxan Catarebulma demografiulmada jandacvis gamokvlevam gvaCvena, romqalTa sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebisSemTxvevebis procentuli odenoba sakmaodmaRalia da is 71-99%-s Seadgens. amJamadzog gogonas 4 wlis asakamde aqvs ‘mokveTili~sasqeso organoebi. 88 gogonebis sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjebis SemTxvevebi gan-69bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT saxlsa da ojaxSi seriozul problemas warmoadgensda mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo qcevebTancxovrebis Semdgom periodSi... Tavis mxriv, amgvari qcevebi iwvevs avadmyofobasda sikvdils... amdenad, saxlsa da ojaxSi bavSvebze Zaladobis aRkveTa undagaxdes sazogadoebrivi jandacvis proriteti~.doqtori aleqsandre buTxarti, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb gaerosgeneraluri mdivnis samsaxuris kvlevis saredaqcio kolegia.70bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiviTarebul qveynebSi arsebuli diasporisjgufebSic gvxvdeba.fsiqologiuri Zaladobayvela tipis fsiqologiuri da seqsualuriZaladoba gulisxmobs garkveuli xasiaTiszians; magram fsiqologiuri ZaladobaSeiZleba gamoixatebodes adamianis SeuracxyofiT,lanZRva-ginebiT, ignorirebiT,izolaciiT, uaryofiT, daSinebiT, emociuriindiferentulobiTa da damcirebiT, ramacSeiZleba ziani miayenos bavSvis fsiqologiurganviTarebas da keTildReobas. amtipis Zaladobis zusti standartuli gansazRvrebaar arsebobs da cota ram Tuacnobili bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis amformis globaluri masStabis Sesaxeb. Tuar CavTvliT imas, rom Zaladobis es formaxSirad Tan axlavs sxva formebs: ojaxebSi,sadac gamefebulia Zaladoba, bavSvebis mimarTfsiqologiur da fizikur ZaladobasSoris mWidro kavSiria. 89 ojaxur garemoSi,sadac gabatonebulia Zaladoba, arsebobsZaladobis molodiniT gamowveuli mudmiviSiSi da stresi; tkivili, damcireba da SiSiZaladobis gancdis momentSi; ufro mozrdilbavSvebSi aRiniSneba martoobis SegrZnebamSoblebis mxridan uaryofis gamo,undobloba da zog SemTxvevaSi sakuTariTavis mimarT zizRi.fsiqologiuri Zaladoba SeiZleba iyosukontrolo imedgacruebis Sedegi, Sei-Zleba misi mizanic igive iyos, rac fizikuridasjisas _ bavSvSi SiSis Canergva damisi ‘gadaCveva~ umarTavi saqcielisagan.miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebma SeiZlebaicodnen gamonaTqvami: ‘sityvebi me ziansverasodes momitans~, sinamdvileSi bevribavSvi ganicdis uaryofiT gamowveultkivilsa da stress, aseve Znelia maTTvisTavmoyvareobis Selaxvis atana. 90dasjis fsiqologiuri formebi msofliosyvela regionSi gvxvdeba. proeqtis ‘msofliogamokvlevebi ojaxuri ZaladobissakiTxebze~ mier xuT qveyanaSi Catarebulimonacemebi miuTiTebs, rom aRniSnul xu-Tive qveyanaSi (Cile, egvipte, indoeTi, filipinebida aSS) dayvireba warmoadgens bavSvebisdasjis meTods. bavSvebis galanZRvisan daSinebis wili gansxvavdeboda qveynebismixedviT; magaliTad, filipinebze arc erTdedas ar ganucxadebia, rom is Tavis bavSvebsuSveri sityvebiT lanZRavda, magram dedebis48% emuqreboda bavSvebs, rom miatovebdamaT. egvipteSi 51% lanZRavda bavSvebs, magrammxolod 10% emuqreboda mitovebiT. 91asakidan gamomdinare erTi tipis dasjas Sei-Zleba meore mohyves. svazilendSi Catarebulmagamokvlevam, romelic eqvsidan 18wlamde asakis 2000 bavSvs Cautarda, aCvena,rom SedarebiT mozrdili asakis bavSvebismimarT ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda damamcirebelifsiqologiuri dasja, xolofizikuri dasja ufro gavrcelebuli iyoSedarebiT mcire asakis bavSvebSi. 92bavSvebis mimarTCadenili ZaladobisSedegebibavSvebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobis Sedegebigulisxmobs rogorc uSualo, piradzemoqmedebas, ise zians, romelic bavSvsbavSvobis gvian wlebamde, mowifulobamdeda zrdasrul asakamdec ki mihyveba. ojaxsada ojaxur garemoSi bavSvebze ZaladobamSeiZleba maT janmrTelobasa da ganviTarebasdaasvas samudamo daRi. maT SeiZlebadakargon rwmena sxva adamianebis mimarT,rac arsebiTi sakiTxia bavSvobis wlebSinormaluri adamianis ganviTarebisaTvis.adreuli asakidan ndobis swavla aZlierebs

`me axla 8 wlis var. 6 wlisa viyavi, roca gamaupatiures. Cemma mSoblebmapoliciaSi ganacxades da is adamiani cixeSi Casves. magram me aRar SemiZlia iqgaCereba, sadac vcxovrob. iciT, ras aq meZaxian? zedmetsaxelad `gafuWebuli~(la déchirée) Semarqves... wyalze roca mivdivar, bavSvebi ase meZaxian. me aqedangaqceva minda.~8 wlis gogona, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika, 2006 VIII3ojaxur urTierTdamokidebulebas, racarsebiTia bavSvobis periodisaTvis damWidrod ukavSirdeba siyvaruls, TanagrZnobasada momavali urTierTobebisganviTarebas. cxovrebaSi Zaladobam, ufrofarTo masStabiT, SeiZleba SeaCeros cxovrebisindividualuri ganviTarebisa damiRwevebis potenciali da saboloo jamSies sazogadoebas uaRresad Zviri daujdeba.zemoqmedeba ganviTarebaze_ fizikuri dafsiqologiuri SedegebibavSvebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobis yvelazeaSkara da swrafad gamovlenil SedegebsganekuTvneba sasikvdilo da arasasikvdilodazianeba, CamorCena Semecnebasada zrdaSi, fsiqologiuri da emociuriSedegebi im mtkivneuli da damamcirebelimopyrobis gadatanisa Tu naxvisa, romlisgagebac maT ar SeuZliaT da romlis winaSecuZluri arian. am SedegebSi igulisxmebauaryofisa da mitovebulobis SegrZneba,arasrulfasovani urTierTobebi, travma,SiSi, mousvenroba, daucveloba da saku-Tari Rirsebis Selaxvis grZnoba. roca mSobelibavSvs gamiznulad ayenebs tkivilsdasjis an sxva mizniT, es bavSvs aswavlis(nawilobriv mainc), rom im tkivilis wyaro,romelic man Tavidan unda airidos, arismisive sakuTari mSobeli. fizikuri dasjisgamo bavSvebi ori wlis asakSic ki ufrodistanciurad arian TavianT dedebTan, vidreis bavSvebi, romlebsac ar ganucdiaTfizikuri dasja. 93ufro rTulia zemoqmedeba da Sedegebi,rodesac bavSvebi saxlSi, iq, sadac maTTavi yvelaze daculad unda igrZnon, imadamianebis msxverpli xdebian, romlebicmaT uyvarT da romlebsac isini endobian.gansakuTrebiT didia ziani seqsualuriZaladobis SemTxvevaSi, radgan sircxvilisada Seuracxyofis grZnoba, romelicTan axlavs seqsualur Zaladobas nebismierqveyanaSi, aiZulebs bavSvs, rom martogaumklavdes am siZneles. uaxloesi adamianebisadmindobisa da rwmenis dakargvambavSvebs SeiZleba SiSis, eWvis da emociuriizolaciis grZnoba Caunergos da sakuTariTavis rwmena daakargvinos. bavSvmaSeiZleba verasodes igrZnos Tavi daculadsakuTari mSoblis an ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi,romlebmac Zaladoba Caidines.mtkicebulebaTa mzardi raodenoba cxadyofs,rom Zaladobis an travmis zemoqmedebagavlenas axdens ganviTarebis procesSimyofi bavSvis tvinze da xels uSlisnormaluri ganviTarebis procesebs. 94 imojaxebSi, sadac Zaladobaa gamefebuli,bavSvebis qcevaSi SeiZleba gamovlindesasakTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebi dasimptomebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebeliaposttravmuli stresiT gamowveuli dar-Rvevebisa da depresiisaTvis. fizikuriTu seqsualuri msxverpli asocirebuliaTviTmkvlelobis (fiqriTa Tu qceviT)mzard riskTan da rac ufro sastikia Zaladoba,miT ufro izrdeba es riski. 95,96 Sedegzeaseve moqmedebs, Tu rogor damokidebulebasgamoiCenen ufrosebi bavSvebismimarT, Tuki isini Seecdebian imaze dalaparakebas,rac maT SeemTxvaT. zemoqmedebissxva faqtorebs miekuTvneba ZaladobisxangrZlivoba, Zaladobis Cadenis adgili,aris Tu ara bavSvi erTi da imave adamianisZaladobis msxverpli Tu masze Zaladobaxelaxla sxvam Caidina. 97janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT,bavSvebze Zaladobis uaryofi-Ti Sedegebi analogiuria sxvadasxva kulturulda geografiul garemoSi. bangla-71bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`SeiZleba gagiCndes danaSaulis grZnoba. msxverplma da mis garSemo myofmaxalxma, vinc ver erkveva situaciaSi, SeiZleba ifiqron, rom SeuracxyofilibavSvi Tavad aris pasuxismgebeli Seuracxyofaze. Tuki amas axloblebidaijereben, Semdeg, nel-nela Tavad msxverplic daijerebs~.me-11 klasis gogona, evropa, 2005 IX72bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSideSSi, braziliaSi, eTiopiaSi, iaponiaSi,namibiaSi, peruSi, samoaSi, tailandsa datanzaniis gaerTianebul respublikaSiqalebze Catarebuli gamokvlevis Sedegadgamovlinda, rom bavSvebSi, romlebic ZaladobrivgaremoSi cxovroben (ojaxebSi,sadac dedebi acxadeben, rom isini qmrebisganganicdian fizikur Zaladobas), ufroxSiria qceviTi problemebi, rogoricaa:ZilSi Sardis Seukavebloba, Ramis koSmarebida gadametebuli agresiuloba an simorcxve,vidre im bavSvebSi, romlebic araZaladobrivgaremoSi cxovroben. 98 ojaxSiZaladobis Sedegebis amgvari asaxva gamafrTxilebeliniSania, rom bavSvs safrTxeemuqreba, rac unda gaiTvaliswinon zrunvissamsaxurebma da moaxdinon prevenciada reagireba.ufro gviani Sedegebimravalricxovanma gamokvlevebma gamoavlina,rom bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba anbavSvis cxovreba iseT ojaxSi, sadac Cveulebriviambavia Zaladoba im adamianebismimarT, vinc bavSvs uyvars, SeiZleba zrdasrulasakSi adamianis avadmyofobisa Tusikvdilis gamomwvevi mniSvnelovani faqtorigaxdes. kvlevebma aCvena, rom bavSvobaSigancdil Zaladobas ukavSirdeba damokidebulebaalkoholsa da narkotikebze,aseve onkologiuri da filtvebis qronikuldaavadebebi, depresia, mTeli rigisxva daavadebebisa, maT Soris, RviZlis daavadebebi,simsuqne da reproduqciuli janmrTelobisqronikuli problemebi. 99,100,101es SeiZleba modiodes ojaxSi SeZeniliiseTi mavne Cvevebidan, rogoric aris Tambaqosmoweva, alkoholuri sasmelebisa Tunarkotikebis moxmareba, Rreoba an cudadda arasworad kveba.Zaladobam SeiZleba didi xniT imoqmedosbavSvis fsiqikaze. 102 msoflio masStabiTmiRebuli monacemebis Sedareba gvaCvenebs,rom zrdasrul adamianebSi fsiqikuriaSlilobis mniSvnelovani nawili dakav-Sirebulia seqsualur ZaladobasTan bavSvobaSi(ix. cxrili 3.1). 103 miuxedavad imisa,rom Zaladobis masStabebi gansxvavdebodasxvadasxva regionSi, maTi zemoqmedeba msgavsiiyo da sxvaoba mxolod fsiqikuriaSlilobis Sedegebis xangrZlivobasa dasisastikis xarisxSi iyo.aseTive monacemebia miRebuli fizikurdasjasa da mopyrobis sxva damamcirebelformebTan dakavSirebiT. fizikuri dasjabavSvebsa da axalgazrdebSi depresiis, ubedurebis,SiSisa da uimedobis winapirobaa.arasistematuri xasiaTis fizikurma dasjamacki SeiZleba axalgazrdebSi fsiqikuriaSliloba gamoiwvios. 104,105,106,107 CineT-Si, honkongis specialuri administraciuliregionis mozardTa jgufSi, is axalgzrdebi,romlebsac ukanaskneli TveebismanZilze fizikurad sjidnen, ufro xSiradetanebodnen alkohols, eweodnen Tambaqos,ebmebodnen CxubSi, paTologiuri Si-Sis da stresis qveS imyofebodnen da ufroxSirad hqondaT siZneleebi yoveldRiurproblemebTan gamklavebisas. 108 kanadasa daaSS-Si Catarebuli gamokvlevebis SedegadaRmoCnda, rom fsiqikuri aSliloba grZeldebazrdasrul asakSic da vlindeba mRelvarebiTgamoxatul aSlilobebsa da alkoholzedamokidebulebaSi. 109msxverpli momavalSimcirewlovan asakSi gancdili Zaladobaczrdis Zaladobis risksa da Zaladobrivigamocdilebis dagrovebas momavalSi.es faqtori aZlierebs bavSvebis mimarT

3cxrili 3.1 – bavSvze seqsualuri ZaladobiT gamowveulifsiqikuri aSliloba msoflio masStabiTfsiqikuri aSlilobabavSvze seqsualuri ZaladobiTgamowveuli fsiqikuri aSlilobamsoflio masStabiTqalebi (%) mamakacebi (%)depresia, alkoholisa danarkotikebis moxmarebaposttravmuli stresiT gamowveulidarRvevebi7–8 4–533 21TviTmkvlelobis mcdeloba 11 6panikuri xasiaTis darRvevebi 13 773wyaro: g. endrius da avtorTa jgufi (2004). bavSvze seqsualuri Zaladoba. m. ezati dasxvebi (2004). janmrTelobis riskis SedarebiTi raodenobis dadgena: SerCeuli daavadebisZiriTadi risk-faqtorebi globaluri da regionuli masStabiT, me-2 tomi, Jeneva,janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia, gv. 1851-1940.Zaladobis Cadenis aRiarebisa da misi racSeiZleba adreuli aRkveTis mniSvnelobas.analogiurad, bavSvze seqsualuri Zaladobacmowiful asakSi seqsualuri Zaladobismsxverplad qcevis risk-faqtoradaris miCneuli da aRniSnuli riski ufromaRalia, roca is seqsualur kavSirs daZaladobis sxva formebs moicavs. 110 ojaxSibavSvze sistematuri Zaladobis masStabiSefasebulia msoflios mxolod ramdenimeqveyanaSi, sadac xdeba Canawerebisa da monacemebisregularuli ganaxleba. aSS-sada kanadis SemTxvevaSi, sadac bavSvis mimarTZaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb informaciamiewodeba bavSvTa dacvis oficialuruwyebebs, Zaladobis Sesaxeb ganmeorebiTmimarTvis procentuli odenoba 1-dan 4wlamde periodis ganmavlobaSi 5%-24%-sSoris meryeobs. 111,112,113 im SemTxvevebSi,rodesac bavSvs, sul mcire, orjer miumarTavsaseTi uwyebisTvis, riski mniSvnelovnadizrdeba.iTvleba, rom ojaxSi bavSvis mimarT ZaladobadakavSirebulia sxva garemoSi Zaladobismsxverplad qcevis riskis zrdasTan.gaerTianebul samefoSi Catarebuligamokvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebi,romlebic ojaxSi Zaladobis mowmeniarian, ufro xSirad xdebian daSinebis msxverpli.114 aseve italiaSi dawyebiTi da sa-Sualo skolis moswavleebs Soris Catarebuligamokvlevis Sedegebi cxadyofs, romskolaSi daSinebisa da Cagvris obieqtadiqceodnen is bavSvebi, vinc ojaxebSimSoblebis Zaladobis Seswrebia; es gansakuTrebiTSeiniSneboda gogonebSi. 115bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

`roca ojaxis ufross mZime dRe aqvs, ZaRlic ki ymuis~.aziuri andaza, regionuli konsultacia, samxreTi azia.@74bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiis bavSvebi, romlebmac gamoscades seqsualuriZaladoba, romlebic moklebuliarian mzrunvelobas an ojaxSi Zaladobismsxverpli xdebian, SeiZleba saxlidan gaiqcnenan quCis cxovrebam CaiTrios, sadacseqsualuri Zaladobis an eqspluataciisriski gacilebiT metia. es emarTebaT biWebsacda gogonebsac: kanadidan miRebuli angariSisTanaxmad, prostituciaSi mxilebuliTiTqmis yvela biWi ojaxSi seqsualuriZaladobis msxverpli iyo. 116mravali gamokvleva amaxvilebs yuradRebasZaladobis ‘memkvidreobiT~ xasiaTze. 117ukanasknel xans avstraliaSi, kosta-rika-Si, CexeTis respublikaSi, poloneTSi dafilipinebze Catarebuli saerTaSorisogamokvlevis Sedegebi mowmobs, rom aRniSnuliproblema saerToa kulturebisa daregionebis miuxedavad. 118 yvela qveyanaSiqalebi, romlebic acxadeben fizikuriZaladobis Sesaxeb maTi partniorebismxridan, bavSvobaSi sakuTari mSoblebisaganganicdidnen fizikur Zaladobas.es adasturebs mosazrebas, rom ZaladobaSeiZleba mTeli sicocxlis manZilze gagr-Zeldes 119 (ix. diagrama 3.3).damkvidrebuli tradiciebisa da bavSvTaqorwinebis SemTxvevebSi arsebobs TaobaTacvlasTan dakavSirebuli myari kav-Siri: dedebs (da mamebs) miaCniaT, rom essavaldebulo Cveulebaa, romelic maTqaliSvilebze da vaJiSvilebze unda gadavides.sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebiswinaswar ganmsazRvreli faqtoria eTnikurikuTvnileba; zogi eTnikuri jgufidamkvidrebul tradiciebs mTel TavismosaxleobaSi axorcielebs, maSin, roca imteritoriaze mcxovrebi sxva adamianebiamas ar akeTeben. 120 gogonebis ganaTlebam,gansakuTrebiT _ saSualo ganaTlebam,SeiZleba gawyvitos TaobaTa Soris kavSirida Seamciros qalis sasqeso organoebisdamaxinjebis gavrceleba. 121socialuri da ekonomikuriSedegebiimis garda, rom bavSvis mimarT ZaladobauaryofiTad moqmedebs bavSvis uflebebze,janmrTelobasa da ganviTarebaze, ojaxSibavSvze Zaladoba ekonomikur zegavlenasacaxdens ojaxebsa da sazogadoebaze. aqigulisxmeba gaweuli pirdapiri xarjebi,rogoricaa msxverplisaTvis samedicinodaxmarebis aRmoCena, iuridiuli momsaxurebada socialuri dacva, agreTve msxverplibavSvis specialuri dawesebulebebismzrunvelobis qveS gadacema. arapirdapirxarjebSi Sedis SesaZlo xangrZlividazianeba an dainvalideba, fsiqologiuritravma an msxverplis cxovrebis xarisxzesxvagvari zemoqmedeba, aseve ganaTlebisSewyveta; momavalSi bavSvis an axalgazrdismier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamovlenissaSualebis dakargva. 122 potenciuri finansurixarjebi naCvenebia ramdenime ganvi-Tarebuli qveynidan miRebuli monacemebismagaliTze. bavSvis mimarT ZaladobasTanda mis ugulebelyofasTan dakavSirebulmafinansurma xarjebma, maT Soris, momavalSidakargulma Semosavlebma da fsiqikurijanmrTelobis dacvis xarjebma, miaxloebiTigamoangariSebiT 2001 wels aSS-Si 94miliardi aSS dolari Seadgina, 123 xologaerTianebul samefoSi mxolod gadaudebelisocialuri daxmarebis da iuridiulimomsaxurebis xarjebma weliwadSi 1,2 miliardiaSS dolari Seadgina. 124

3Zaladobis xelSemwyobifaqtorebiojaxSi an ojaxur garemoSi Zaladobisriski warmoiqmneba ojaxuri urTierTobebisxarisxisa da ojaxSi gareSe faqtorebisan ojaxis wevrebis xasiaTiT gamowveulistresisa Tu gavlenis urTierTkavSiridan.zogi faqtori bavSvis individualurimaxasiaTeblebidan (magaliTad, ganviTarebisetapi, sqesi) da mSoblis an mzrunvelismaxasiaTeblebidan (magaliTad, fsiqikuriaSliloba, narkotikebis moxmareba) gamomdinareobs.sxva faqtorebi modis ojaxurigaremodan da misi wevrebis urTierTobebidan;yvela aRniSnulma faqtorma SeiZlebaxeli Seuwyos bavSvis daucvelobas an,piriqiT, daicvas igi. cudi ojaxuri urTierTkavSirida mSobelsa da bavSvs SorisarasaTanado urTierTobebi kritikuladmoqmedebs ojaxSi bavSvis mimarT ZaladobissakiTxze. sxva faqtorebi garemodan gamomdinareobs,rogorc es sagangebo situaciebSixdeba, magram SeiZleba aseve dakav-Sirebuli iyos socialuri samsaxurebisqselis xelmisawvdomobasTan an saarsebosaSualebis dakargvasTan. rasakvirvelia,uaryofiTi Sedegi gardauvali ar aris;diagrama 3.3seqsualuri partnioris mier qalebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladoba 16 wlis asakszemoT da amis kavSiri bavSvobaSi gancdil ZaladobasTanprocentuli maCvenebeli604020027kosta rika(N=820)43 4333CexeTisrespublika(N=1860)21bavSvobaSi fizikuri Zaladoba ar ganucdiaerTi an orive mSobeli Cadis fizikur Zaladobas39avstralia(N=6378)1328poloneTi(N=2177)15 159 8filipinebi(N=1917)Sveicaria(N=1975)75bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiwyaro: h. jonsoni da sxvebi (jer ar gamoqveynebula). Zaladoba qalebis mimarT: saerTaSorisoperspeqtiva. niu-iorki, springeri

`zogi mSobeli Cveni TandaswrebiT Cxubobs, amiT did tkivils da suliertanjvas gvayenebs, zogi mSobeli ki yovelTvis mTvrali brundeba saxlSi da sular adardebs Cveni fizikuri, emociuri da kvebasTan dakavSirebuli saWiroebebi.zogi bavSvi zrunavs sakuTar mSoblebze da da-Zmaze, vinaidan mSoblebisaTanado yuradRebas ar iCenen maT mimarT~.bavSvi aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrikidan, 2005 X76bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSimagaliTad, im ojaxebSi, sadac mSoblebsada bavSvebs Soris normaluri damokidebulebaa,es xels uwyobs bavSvebis dacvas damaT advilad SeuZliaT gaumklavdnen garedanmiRebul dartymebs.Zaladoba piradi, ojaxuri, socialuri,ekonomikuri da kulturuli faqtorebiskombinaciis Sedegia da am faqtorebsSoris urTierTkavSiri SeiZleba ZneladdasaZlevi gaxdes. ufro metic, zogi bavSvididi xnis ganmavlobaSia mravalricxovaniwarmoSobis sxvadasxva tipis Zaladobismsxverpli.bavSvTan dakavSirebulifaqtorebiasaki: Zalian adreul asakSi daucvelobismTavari mizezia Cvili bavSvis fizikurisisuste da dedaze an uSualo mzrunvelzedamokidebuleba. fizikuri Zaladobis SedegadmiRebuli dazianebis an sikvdilisrisk-faqtorebis garda, Cvili bavSvebidaucveli arian arasaTanado yuradRebisan ugulebelyofis gamo. Cvili bavSvebigansakuTrebiT ususuri arian axaldabadebuli;maTi daucveloba klebulobs maTisicocxlis pirveli weliwadis ganmavloba-Si an mogvianebiT (0-dan 4 wlamde).sqesi: bavSvis sqesi aseve mniSvnelovanifaqtoria, romelic masze Zaladobis riskszrdis. imis miuxedavad, rom seqsualuriZaladoba xSirad biWebis mimarT aris mimarTuli,gogonebi ufro metad zaraldebianam saxis ZaladobiT. gogonebi ufroxSirad arian ugulebelyofili iseT sazogadoebaSi,sadac vaJebs aniWeben upiratesobas.Tumca zog sazogadoebaSi va-JiSvilebi ufro xSirad xdebian Zaladobismsxverpli, vidre qaliSvilebi.sxva maxasiaTeblebi: unarSezRuduli bavSvebiZaladobis ufro didi riskis winaSe sxvadasxvamizezebis gamo dganan, dawyebuliRrmad damkvidrebuli, winaswar Seqmnilikulturuli SexedulebebiT da damTavrebuliim maRali emociuri, fizikuri, ekonomikurida socialuri moTxovnebiT, romlebsacbavSvis unarSezRuduloba uqmnisojaxs. 125 aSS-Si fizikuri, nervuli aSlilobebis,inteleqtualuri an fsiqikuriaSlilobebis mqone bavSvebSi ZaladobisSemTxvevebi orjer ufro metia, vidre maTjanmrTel TanatolebSi. 126 karibis zRvisauzis qveynebis regionuli ganyofilebiskvlevis Tanaxmad, romelic winamdebarekvlevisaTvis Catarda, unarSezRudulibavSvebi dganan yvela saxis Zaladobisriskis winaSe (fizikuri, seqsualuri, emociuriZaladoba da ugulebelyofa) da esZaladoba xdeba ojaxSi. 127 zog regionSiunarSezRudul bavSvebs Serisxulebad Tvlian;magaliTad, dasavleT da centralurafrikaSi aseTi bavSvebi dabadebidanve arianganwiruli ugulebelyofisaTvis, ZaladobamaT mimarT SeiZleba miRebuli iyos anojaxis mier iyos waqezebuli. 128 (ZaladobaunarSezRuduli bavSvebis mimarT aseve detaluradaris ganxiluli TavSi ‘ZaladobabavSvebis mimarT zrunvisa da marTlmsajulebissistemis dawesebulebebSi~).unarSezRudulobis garda, arsebobs sxvamaxasiaTeblebic, romlebic ojaxebSibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Cadenis riskszrds. maxasiaTeblebma, romlebic xels uSlismSobelsa da bavSvs Soris siyvaruls anarTulebs bavSvze zrunvas, SeiZleba zegavlenamoaxdinos ganwyobaze. 129,130,131 magali-Tad, arasasurveli, dRenakluli, mcirewonianian mravalnayofiani mSobiarobisSedegad gaCenili bavSvebi, aseve qroniku-

3li daavadebebis mqone bavSvebi anda bavSvebi,romlebsac qcevasTan dakavSirebuliproblemebi aqvT, SeiZleba cudi mopyrobisufro didi riskis winaSe aRmoCndnen.ojaxTan dakavSirebulifaqtorebiukraina, 2005 weli. 5 wlis saSa, romelsacxelSi rbili saTamaSo uWiravs, zis TavisdasTan, 4 wlis nastiasTan, erTad kievismaxloblad mdebare sofel kopilovossaxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi. eqvsi Tvis winsaSa mowme gaxda, Tu rogor mokla mamamismadedamisi.UNICEF/HQ05-1776. Giacomo PirozzimSoblebis maxasiaTeblebi da socialurekonomikuristatusi: marTalia, ojaxuriZaladoba yvela socialur da ekonomikursferoSi gvxvdeba, magram sxvadasxva garemoSiCatarebuli gamokvlevebi cxadyofs,rom mSoblebis ganaTlebis dabali done,Semosavlis nakleboba da ojaxis wevrebissimravle zrdis bavSvebis mimarT fizikurida fsiqologiuri Zaladobis risks. 132,133,134ufro xSirad mSoblebi, romlebic fizikurZaladobas sCadian, axalgazrdebi, martoxelada Raribebi arian. 135 aRniSnuli kav-Siri savaraudod mimarTebaSia stresTan,romelic siRaribiT, umuSevrobiT da socialuriizolaciiT aris gamowveuli.bavSvebi, romlebic amgvari faqtorebismqone ojaxebSi cxovroben, ufro xSiraddgebian riskis winaSe, roca ar arsebobssaTanado socialuri mxardaWera da rocaojaxi Zlieri socialuri qselis nawilsar warmoadgens. didi ojaxis mxardaWerisnaklebobam SeiZleba gaamwvavos arsebuliproblemebi. 136stresi da socialuri izolacia: rogorcganviTarebul, ise ganviTarebad qveynebSiCatarebuli gamokvlevebi gvaCvenebs, rommoZalade mSoblebis bevri pirovnuliTviseba da qceva gamowveulia cudi socialuripirobebiT da stresis daZlevisuunarobiT. 137 mSoblebi, romlebic vermarTaven sakuTar grZnobebs, sakuTariRirsebis dabali SegrZneba an fsiqikurijanmrTelobis problemebi aqvT, etanebian77bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

78bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSialkohols an narkotikebs, ufro xSiradiyeneben fizikur Zaladobas sakuTaribavSvebis mimarT da/an ugulebelyofenmaT. 138 mSoblebs, romlebic Svilebis mimarTZaladobas sCadian, SeiZleba TavadhqondeT gancdili Zaladoba bavSvobaSi. 139socialur-ekonomikur pirobebsa da bavSvebismimarT Zaladobas Soris kavSirebzeCatarebuli gamokvleva gvaCvenebs, romsaWiroa zomebis miReba, raTa Seicvalosarsebuli pirobebi, romlebic ukiduresekonomikur, socialur da emociur zewolasaxdenen ojaxebze. ufro meti yuradRebaunda daeTmos im ojaxebis mxardaWeras,romlebic iseT sazogadoebaSi cxovroben,sadac umuSevrobis maRali done,mravali wevrebisagan Semdgari ojaxebi(didi ojaxebi), populaciis swrafi brunvada socialuri integraciis dabali doneebia.mSoblebis dakargva an maTTan dacileba:obloba, romlis masStabebi aiv/Sidsis pandemiasTanerTad gaizarda, aZlierebs bavSvebisdaucvelobas. World Vision-ma ugandaSiCaatara gamokvleva, romlis Tanaxmadgamoirkva, rom 1,7 milioni bavSvi daobldaSidsis gamo da es bavSvebi ganicdianSegnebul stigmatizacias maTi meurveebis,maswavleblebisa da naTesavebis mxridan,rasac fsiqologiuri ziani moaqvs da Tavadaqvs Zaladobis forma. 140 aseTi oblebismoTavseba mravalwevrian (did) ojaxebSi anadgilobriv sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulipraqtikaa da upiratesoba eniWeba institucionalizaciasTanan im ojaxebTan SedarebiT,romlis ufrosebad bavSvebi gvevlinebian;Tumca ugandis TemTa liderebiacxadeben, rom oblebis fizikuri dasjaufro sastiki da gavrcelebuli movlenaa,vidre ojaxSi mcxovrebi sxva bavSvebisa,romlebic ufro axlo naTesavur kavSirSiarian mzrunvelebTan an ojaxis ufrosebTan.zambiaSi Human Rights Watch-is mierCatarebuli gamokvlevis Tanaxmad gamovlinda,rom is oblebi, romlebic didmaojaxebma miiRes, ufro xSirad xdebodnenseqsualuri Zaladobis obieqtebi biZebis,maminacvlebisa da biZaSvilebis mxridan.qveyanaSi, sadac mosaxleobis daaxloebiT20% adamianis imunodeficitis virusiTaris inficirebuli, amgvari Zaladoba Sei-Zleba damRupveli iyos. gogonebi iSviaTadcdilobdnen gaemJRavnebinaT maTze zaladobisambavi _ Zalian kargad icodnen, romsxvebze iyvenen damokidebuli da rom maTan gaaCumebdnen an dakargavdnen ZiriTadTanadgomas. 141 obloba zrdis ZaladobissafrTxes TemebSi.ojaxuri Zaladoba seqsualuri partniorismxridan: miaxloebiTi SefasebiT,yovelwliurad 133-dan 275 milionamdebavSvi xdeba sakuTar mSoblebs/mzrunvelebsSoris gamovlenili Zaladobis mowme.Cveulebriv, es aris Cxubi mSoblebs Sorisan dedasa da mis partniors Soris (ix.cxrili 3.2). 142 bavSvebma SeiZleba miiRonfsiqologiuri da emociuri travma, rocaisini maTi ojaxis romelime wevris mimarTZaladobis mowmei xdebian. 143 mravaligamokvlevis Sedegebi gvaCvenebs, rom rocabavSvi didi xnis manZilzea Zaladobis amgvariformis mowme, es sastikad moqmedebsmis keTildReobaze, ganviTarebasa da socialururTierTobebze rogorc bavSvoba-Si, aseve mowifulobis asakSi; aseTma bavSvebmaSeiZleba gamoavlinon iseTive qcevi-Ti da fsiqologiuri aSlilobebi, rogorcim bavSvebma, romlebic uSualo Zaladobisobieqtebi arian (ix. qvemoT). 144,145,146ojaxSi qalebis mimarT Zaladoba xSiraddakavSirebulia bavSvebis mimarT Zalado-

3indoeTSi Catarebuli erT-erTi gamokvlevisSedegad aRmoCnda, rom partniorebsSoris ojaxuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSibavSvebis mimarT Cadenili uSualo Zalacxrili3.2 – im bavSvebis miaxloebiTi raodenoba, romlebicyovelwliurad xdebian ojaxuri Zaladobis mowmeregionisamxreTi aziadasavleTi aziasaharis samxreTiT mdebare qveynebiim bavSvebis miaxloebiTiraodenoba, romlebic ojaxuriZaladobis mowme xdebianyovelwliurad*40,7 – 88 milioni7,2-15.9 milioni34,9 -38,2 milionisamxreT-aRmosavleTi aziaCrdiloeTi afrikalaTinuri amerikisa dakaribis zRvis auzis qveynebiaRmosavleTi aziadamoukidebel saxelmwifoTaTanamegobrobaganviTarebuli qveynebisaerTo raodenobabasTan; aSS-Si partniorebs Soris Zaladoba(romelic aseve cnobilia ojaxuri ZaladobissaxeliT) SeiZleba iyos bavSvis mimarTcudi mopyrobiT gamowveuli fataluriSemTxvevebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani winapiroba.147 igive damokidebuleba gamovlindamTel rig geografiul da kulturulgaremosa da qveynebSi: CineTSi, kolumbiaSi,monacemebi ar arsebobsokeania 548 000 - 657 000monacemebi ar arsebobs11,3-25,5 milioni19.8 – 61.4 milioni900 000-dan 3,6 milionamde4,6 – 11,3 milioni133 - 275 milioni* Sefaseba efuZneba: 2000 wlis gaeros monacemebi 18 wlamde asakis mTeli msofliosmosaxleobis Sesaxeb; ojaxuri Zaladobis kvlevebi 1987-2005 ww.; gaeros generalurimdivnis samsaxuris mier Catarebuli kvleva bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb (2005). 152egvipteSi, indoeTSi, mexikoSi, filipinebsada samxreT afrikaSi gamovlinda urTierTkavSiriZaladobis am or formas Soris. 14879bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

80bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSidobis riski ormagdeba. 149 is bavSvebi, romlebiccxovroben mSoblebis/mzrunvelebisurTierTobebSi Zaladobis arsebobispirobebSi, ara mxolod Tavad dgebian uSualofizikuri Zaladobis riskis winaSe,aramed SeiZleba mouxdeT fsiqologiurida emociuri aSlilobebis gadatana; Tu armoxdeba Careva, momavalSi isini SeiZlebaTavad iqcnen Zaladobis Camdenebad anmsxverplebad. 150,151,152bavSvebi adreul asakSi, rodesac maTze yvelazemetad moqmedebs gareSe faqtorebi dayvelaze advilad SeiZleba maTi SeSineba,umetes dros saxlSi atareben da Sesabamisad,ufro xSirad xdebian partniorTaZaladobis mowme. aseTma bavSvebma aseve Sei-Zleba miiRon adamianebs Soris agresiulidamokidebulebis gakveTilebi, romlebsacisini momavalSi Tavad gamoiyeneben. bavSvisganviTarebis sakiTxebiT dainteresebulispecialistebi aRniSnaven, rom qcevismtruli stili, emociebis regulireba dapiradi konfliqtebis gadaWris SesaZleblobayalibdeba mSobelsa da bavSvs, asevemSoblebs Soris urTierTobebis saSualebiT.153 Tumca aucilebeli ar aris, romyvela bavSvi, romelic moZalade ojaxebSiizrdeba, didi xnis manZilze ganicdides amurTierTobebiT gamowveul Sedegebs; TubavSvs mxardaWera eqneba, mas aqvs SesaniSnaviSesaZleblobebi, Zaladobis miuxedavadTavi gaarTvas da aRidginos fizikurida sulieri mdgomareoba.socialuri da kulturulifaqtorebisamarTlebrivi da politikuri baza:sust samarTlebriv bazas pirdapiri daarapirdapiri gziT Seaqvs wvlili bavSvebismimarT ojaxur ZaladobaSi. zogi qveyniskanonebi jer kidev aSkarad an SefarviTTvals xuWaven bavSvebze mimarTul Zaladobaze,Tu is mSobelma an meurvem bavSvisqcevis gamosasworebel meTodad gamoiyena.bevr qveyanaSi ar arsebobs mavne tradiciebisada bavSvis qorwinebis winaaRmdeg mimarTulidacvis samarTlebrivi meqanizmi,xolo zog qveyanaSi bavSvis seqsualuriZaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonebigamoiyeneba mxolod gogonebis winaaRmdegmamakacis seqsualuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSida ar moqmedebs ojaxis wevrebismxridan bavSvebis mimarT Cadenili Zaladobisas.ojaxis dagegmvis, alkoholiani sasmelebisxelmisawvdomobis, garemos dabinZurebisdasaSvebi donis, fsiqikuri janmrTelobisdacvisa da narkotikebis moxmarebiswinaaRmdeg mkurnalobis SesaZleblobis,aseve dabadebis, sikvdilis da qorwinebisregistraciis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxebTandakavSirebuli kanonebi da maregulirebeliwesebi arapirdapir, magramarsebiTad moqmedeben ojaxsa da ojaxurgaremoSi bavSvis mimarT cudi mopyrobisriskze. maregulirebeli wesebi ganaTlebis,bavSvze zrunvis, dekretuli Svebulebis,janmrTelobis dacvis, umuSevrobis dasocialuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, romlebicbavSvebs da ojaxebs ekonomikuri dasocialuri dacvis qselebis gareSe toveben,amZafrebs stress ojaxisTvis da missocialur izolacias da xels uwyobs bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis procentuli odenobiszrdas.avtoritarizmi: roca mSoblis da bavSvisurTierToba gadametebuli kontrolisqveS aris da bavSvebis statusi dabalia, es

3xels uwyobs Zaladobas. gansakuTrebiT_ roca amas emateba rwmena, rom fizikuridasja an dasjis sxva damamcirebeliformebi disciplinis damyarebisTvisaucilebel saSualebas warmoadgens. zogigamokvlevis mixedviT garemo, romelSicbavSvebi yovelgvari kiTxvebis gareSeemorCilebian ojaxis ufros wevrebs daufrosebs, romlebsac garkveuli uflebamosilebaaqvT, xels uwyobs bavSvebisdaucvelobas. 154,155 roca mSoblebi fiqroben,rom bavSvi maTi ‘sakuTrebaa~ da maTufleba aqvT, rogorc undaT ise moeqcnenmas, isini winaaRmdegi arian, rom saxelmwifoCaerios bavSvis dasacavad. ojaxissiwmindis rwmena xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs,mezoblebs da ojaxis wevrebsar aZlevs imis saSualebas, rom sakuTariazri gamoTqvan bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT. 156,157,158,159,160 es ar undaavurioT mSoblis avtoritetTan, rocamSobeli siTboTi da mxardaWeriT axerxebsqcevis mkafio sazRvrebis dadgenas dabavSvs usaxavs maRal standartebs misivesaWiroebebisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebismixedviT. 161patriarqaluri damokidebuleba: patriarqaluridamokidebuleba aseve zrdisZaladobis risks, gansakuTrebiT, Tu bevriqveeynis kulturaSi tradiciulad damkvidrebulqalebis dabal statuss ukavSirdeba.zog sazogadoebaSi gansakuTrebiT sastikiZaladoba SeiZleba Caidinon biWebma anmamakacebma, Tu gogonebi da qalebi ar emor-Cilebian maT survilebs. gogonas Tanxmobasqesobrivi urTierTobis damyarebisa Tudaqorwinebiaze SeiZleba saWirod ar CaiTvalos.gogonebs aseve SeiZleba dasdonbrali mamakacebis mier maT mimarT CadeniliZaladobis gamo. aseT sazogadoebaSiqalisa da mamakacis stereotipebisaTvisSeuferebeli saqcielis gamo dasjis mizniTSeiZleba mamrobiTi sqesis bavSvebigaxdnen Zaladobis obieqtebi.eTnikuri umciresobis an mkvidri mosaxleobisjgufebis wevroba: bavSvebi eTnikuriumciresobis jgufebidan xSiradZaladobis maRali riskis winaSe dganan sxvarisk-faqtorebis erTobliobis gamo, romlebicukavSirdeba maTi jgufebis socialurmarginalizacias. am faqtorebSi Sedis:alkoholisa da narkotikebis moxmareba,siRaribe, cudi sacxovrebeli pirobebi daumuSevroba.dacvis faqtorebi ojaxSibavSvebze ojaxuri Zaladobis albaTobaSeiZleba gaizardos an Semcirdes sxvadasxvafaqtoris zemoqmedebiT. yvelaojaxi, romelSic SeiniSneba zemoT aRwerilirisk-faqtorebi, ar qmnis Zaladobis garemosbavSvebisaTvis. samwuxarod, mcireadacvis faqtorebTan dakavSirebiT Catarebulisistematuri kvleva da amdenad, es araris kargad Seswavlili sfero. Catarebuligamokvlevisas yuradReba gamaxvilda imfaqtorebis identificirebaze, romlebicxels uwyobs momxdari Zaladobis gavlenisSerbilebas; magaliTad, faqtorebi, romlebsacSeuZlia Zaladobis msxverplis dacvaxangrZlivi fsiqikuri aSlilobis ganvi-Tarebisagan an romlebic dakavSirebuliaZaladobis ciklis aRkveTasTan. fizikurida sulieri mdgomareobis aRdgenis faqtorebSi,romlebic gamokvlevis da praqtikisSedegad vlindeba, Sedis bavSvobaSiufro gamovlenili mamobrivi zrunva, 162naklebi urTierToba TanatolebTan, romlebicalkoholsa da narkotikebs etanebianan romlebic kriminaluri saqmianobiTarian dakavebuli, 163 Tbili da TanagrZno-81bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

82bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSibiT savse urTierToba iseT mSobelTan, 164romelic zrunavs bavSvze da Seuracxyofasar ayenebs mas da rac SeiZleba mcire ZaladobasTandakavSirebuli stresi. 165naklebadaa gamokvleuli, Tu ra icavsojaxebs Zaladobisagan. ramdenime gamokvlevisTanaxmad gairkva, rom im Temebs, sadacZlieri socialuri kavSirebi, mzardisocialuri qseli da samezoblo urTier-Tobebia, Zlieri dacvis meqanizmi aqvTda maT SeuZliaT Seamciron Zaladobisriski, roca vlindeba ojaxis sxva riskfaqtorebi.166,167,168 Tu gaviTvaliswinebTZaladobis warmoSobis risk-faqtorebisdReisaTvis gaazrebul mniSvnelobas daefeqtiani prevenciis strategiebs, naTelixdeba, rom swored ojaxs SeuZlia gaxdesbavSvis dacvisa da mxardaWeris Zlieriwyaro. kargi damokidebuleba mSoblismxridan, Zlieri kavSirebi mSoblebsa dabavSvebs Soris da dadebiTi, ZaldobisaganTavisufali urTierTobebi bavSvebTanaSkara damcav faqtorebs warmoadgenen. esxazs usvams ojaxebisaTvis daxmarebis gawevismniSvnelobas, raTa xeli Seewyos amfaqtorebis ganviTarebas, gansakuTrebiTojaxebisaTvis, romelTa TemebSic dabaliasocialuri kavSirebis done.reagireba bavSvebismimarT Zaladobazeojaxsa da ojaxurgaremoSibavSvis uflebaTa konvenciisa da adamianisuflebaTa sxva konvenciebis Tanaxmad,saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian, miiRonyvela saWiro zoma da Caaban saTanado samsaxurebiojaxebSi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisyvela formis aRsakveTad. es zomebiunda moicavdes strategiebsa da specialursamsaxurebs, romlebic mimarTuli iqnebarogorc Zaladobis prevenciis, aseveZaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis dasaxmareblad.dRemde saxelmwifoTa mxridan reagirebaZiriTadad mimarTuli iyo bavSvis dacvazean zrunvis alternatiul sistemebze, daara Zaladobis prevenciaze. prevenciisada dacvis strategiebi erToblivad undaSemuSavdes da Setanili unda iqnes im er-Tiani strategiis bazaSi, romelic iTvaliswinebssocialuri politikis sakiTxebs,samarTlebriv reformas, Zaladobis prevenciisada bavSvebze zrunvis programebs,RonisZiebebsa da strategiebs, romlebiccvlilebas Seitans damokidebulebasa daqcevebSi.samarTlebrivi reforma20-ze nakleb qveyanaSia gatarebuli sakanonmdebloreforma, romelic miznadisaxavs fizikuri dasjis akrZalvas, magramkvlevis mimdinareobis procesSi araerTmaqveyanam ikisra amgvari valdebuleba. yvelasaxelmwifos aqvs kanonebi, romelTaTanaxmad, Tavdasxma sisxlis samarTlisdanaSaulad aris miCneuli; bevri konstituciismixedviT aris akrZaluli sastiki,araadamianuri an damamcirebeli dasja;bevr saxelmwifoSi arsebobs kanonebi, romlebickrZalavs bavSvebis mimarT sisastikes,cudad mopyrobas an maT Seuracxyofas.magram aRniSnuli kanonebi ar aRiqmeba,rogorc bavSvebis mimarT yvela saxis ZaladobisakrZalva, xolo bevr saxelmwifoTakanonmdeblobaSi Cadebulia fizikuridasjis gamarTleba an dacva. bevr qveyana-Sia akrZaluli incesti, gaupatiureba dasxva seqsualuri danaSauli; bevrgan dadgeniliaminimaluri asaki sqesobriv urTier-

3Tobasa da qorwinebaze TanxmobisaTvis,Tumca es asaki xSirad 18 welze naklebia.bevr qveyanaSi, sadac xdeba qalTa sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjeba, amJamad miRebuliakanonebi, romlebic amas krZalavs. 170 miuxedavadamisa, bevr adgilas bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis amkrZalavi kanonebi efeqtianadar moqmedebs an metad myari tradiciebis,an religiuri mrwamsisa Tu adgilobrivisamarTlebrivi normebis gamo.kanonebi fizikuri dasjis dasastiki/damamcirebeli dasjissxva formebis Sesaxebkanonebi sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulisSesaxeb, rogorc es aRniSnulia bavSvisuflebaTa komitetis mier, iSviaTad gulisxmobsbavSvebis fizikuri dasjis daojaxebSi bavSvebis mimarT sastiki an damamcirebelidasjis yvela formis amkrZabavSvisusafrTxoeba: novatoruli modeli iordaniaSifondi “The Jordan River” (JRF) 1997 wels daarsda misi aRmatebulebis dedofalirania al-abdulas mxardaWeriT. misi mizani iyo iordaniis baSvebis dacva,ojaxebis gaZliereba da mSobelsa da bavSvs Soris dadebiTi urTierTobebisganviTarebisa da jansaRi ojaxis arsebobis xelSewyoba. aRniSnuli fondi gaxdaarabi bavSvis usafrTxoebis modelis Camoyalibebis pioneri.bavSvis usafrTxoebis programa, romelic JRF-is egidiT ganxorcielda,uzrunvelyofs bavSvis mimarT sastikad moqcevis mtkivneuli sakiTxis Sesaxebsazogadoebis informirebas, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis aRmosafxvreladprevenciisa da reagirebis samsaxurebis amoqmedebas da bavSvis samarTlebrivi,samedicino, fsiqologiuri, ganaTlebis da socialuri saWiroebebisdakmayofilebaze Tanmimdevrul zrunvas. aRniSnuli programa unikaluriaiordaniisa da mTeli arabuli samyarosaTvis. misi wyalobiTY iordaniissazogadoebisaTvis da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebisaTvis xelmisawvdomigaxda informacia am rTuli problemis Sesaxeb.dar-al-amanis bavSvTa dacvis centri, romelic aRniSnuli fondis mier daarsda,aris pirveli Terapiuli centri arabul samyaroSi, romelic gankuTvniliaZaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis da maTi ojaxebis reabilitaciisaTvis. bavSvebsda maT ojaxebs, romlebic mkurnalobas gadian aRniSnul centrSi, SeuZliaTmiiRon mTeli rigi momsaxurebebisa da Caeban saganmanaTleblo programebSi.dedebs daxmarebas uweven bavSvebis movlis sakiTxebSi, mamebs disciplinisdamyarebis alternatiul xerxebs acnoben, axalgazrdebs uweven konsultaciebskonfliqtis mogvarebis sakiTxebSi da sicocxlisaTvis aucilebel unar-CvevebSi, xolo bavSvebs sakuTari Tavis dacvis xerxebs aswavlian. 16983bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

84bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSilav kanonebs. inglisis saerTo samarTlismixedviT bavSvebis mimarT ‘misaRebi~ an‘zomieri~ disciplinaruli sasjelis gamarTleba70-ze met qveyanaSi kolonializmisperiodis Semdeg SemorCa. imisaTvis, romaikrZalos yvela saxis fizikuri dasja,unda aRikveTos nebismieri aseTi dacvada mkafiod da naTlad unda iyos Camoyalibebulifizikuri an sxva saxis sastiki dadamamcirebeli dasjis akrZalva.1996-2006 wlebSi bavSvis uflebaTakomitetma 130 qveyanas misca rekomendacia,rom maT Sesabamisi zomebi mieRoT yvelasaxis fizikuri dasjis akrZalvisaTvis.2006 wels komitetma moamzada zogadi komentari– bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciisavtoritetuli ganmarteba – romelic exebodabavSvis uflebas, daculi iyos fizikuridasjisa da sxva saxis damamcirebelidasjisagan. 171 komiteti xazs usvams imas,rom ojaxSi yvela saxis fizikuri dasjisamkrZalavi sakanonmdeblo reformis upirvelesimizania prevencia: ‘bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis prevencia urTierTobebisda qcevebis Secvlis gziT, bavSvTaTanabari dacva da bavSvis dacvis mkafiodCamoyalibebuli safuZvlis uzrunvelyofa,pozitiuri, araZaladobrivi da bavSvisaRzrdisaTvis saWiro, monawileobaze damyarebuliformebis xelSewyoba.~ 172bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti aseve yuradRebasamaxvilebs imaze, rom bavSvebisada zrdasruli adamianebis ZaladobisaganTanasworad dacvis principi, igulisxmebaojaxic, ar niSnavs, rom mSoblebis mierbavSvebis fizikuri dasjis yvela gamovlenilSemTxvevas unda mohyves mSoblebispasuxisgebaSi micema: ‘de minimis principi,romelic gulisxmobs, rom kanoni ar exebaumniSvnelo sakiTxebs, uzrunvelyofsimas, rom zrdasruli adamianebis mxridanerTmaneTis mimarT umniSvnelo TavdasxmebisasamarTlos mier ganxilvis sagani mxolodgansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi gaxdeba;msgavsia bavSvebze umniSvnelo TavdasxmisSemTxvevebis drosac. saxelmwifoebmaunda SeimuSaon Zaladobis faqtebis Setyobinebisda referaluri meqanizmebissistema. imis garda, rom bavSvebis mimarTCadenili Zaladobis yvela SemTxveva sa-Tanadod unda iyos gamoZiebuli da aseveuzrunvelyofili unda iyos bavSvTa dacvamniSvnelovani zianisagan, saboloo mizaniunda gaxdes is, rom mSoblebma Sewyviton Zalismierian sxva sastiki Tu damamcirebelidasjis meTodebis gamoyeneba specialuridamxmare, saganmanaTleblo da ara sadamsjelomeqanizmebis saSualebiT.~ 173imisaTvis, rom samarTlebrivma reformammizans miaRwios, saWiro iqneba konsultaciebisada treningebis Catareba yvela impirisTvis, romlebic CarTuli arian bavSvTadacvis sistemebSi, maT Soris, policiisTvis,prokuraturisTvis da sasamarTloebisTvis.momzadebisas yuradReba undagamaxvildes imaze, rom bavSvis aRzrdismimarT konstruqciul da araZaladobrivmidgomas sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWebada rom bavSvis ojaxisagan CamocilebasTandakavSirebuli nebismieri sakiTxi, upirvelesyovlisa, bavSvis interesebs unda emsaxurebodes.samarTlebrivi cvlilebis sxvasferoebizogma qveyanam SemoiRo zomebi seqsualuripartniorebis mier Cadenili ZaladobiskriminalizaciisaTvis. SemoRebulia,agreTve, kanonebi, romlebSic gaupatiurebaufro farTod aris gansazRvruli, da,Sesabamisad, es kanonebi ewinaaRmdegebian

3mosazrebas, rom Zaladoba intimur partniorebsSoris kerZo xasiaTs atarebs, racsocialur normebSi cvlilebis Setanas uwyobsxels. 175samarTlebrivi cvlileba ar iZleva socialuricvlilebis garantias, Tu issazogadoebis mxridan da profesiuliganaTlebiT ar aris gamyarebuli. bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebulvaldebulebaTa asaxvis mizniT gamocemulikanonebi, romlebic dakavSirebuliar aris zogad saxelmwifo ganaTlebasTanda ar Seesabameba kulturul normebs dadamkvidrebul wes-Cveulebebs, SeiZlebasistematurad iyos ignorirebuli. mavnetradiciebis, magaliTad, qalis sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjebis winaaRmdeg br-Zola ver iqneba daZleuli mxolod samarTlebrivicvlilebis gziT, imis miuxedavad,rom samarTlebrivi sistemebi mowodebulida valdebuli arian, dagmon aseTitradiciebi. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebasTan unda axldes ganaTlebis programebioficialuri pirebis, mSoblebisa da bavSvebisaTvis.zog SemTxvevaSi arsebobs kanonmdebloba,magram is arasrulfasovania; misma araswormaan ugulo gamoyenebam SeiZleba ufroSeuwyos xeli bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasda ara daixsnas bavSvebi misgan. zogi arsebulikanondebloba imdenad araadekvaturia,rom sjis Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvs,nacvlad imisa, rom dasajos ojaxuri ZaladobisCamdeni; aseT garemoebaSi SeiZlebafaqtobrivad gamyardes bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis SesaZlebloba. afrikis, aziisada axlo aRmosavleTis bevr adgilas, rocadaorsuldeba gaupatiurebuli gogona,romelic qorwinebisaTvis dasaSveb asakzeumcrosia, mas sasamarTloebi da mSoblebiTavs moaxveven im adamianze daqorwinebas,romelmac masze es Zaladoba Caidina. 176 e.w.‘Rirsebis saxeliT Cadenili mkvlelobis~winaaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonmdebloba Sei-Zleba awesebdes ufro lmobier sasjels,vidre sxva mkvlelobis SemTxvevebisTvis,an misi Camdenebis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebuliiyos tradiciuli marTlmsajulebissistemebi; bavSvebma, romlebsac prostituciismiznebisaTvis yidian, SeiZlebamiiRon sazogadoebis mxridan gakicxvismTavari dartyma an maT moeqcnen, rogorcdamnaSaveebs.ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis prevencia moiTxovs samarTlebrivireformis gatarebas, raTaSesaZlebeli iyos, rom mxolod ZaladobissakiTxebze Seqmnili kanonebiT ar SemovifargloT.imisaTvis, rom miRweuli iyosbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis mniSvnelovaniSemcireba, samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeliwesebis baza mimarTuli unda iyos imrisk-faqtorebze, romlebic mas udevs safuZvlad;aseve saWiroa dacvis faqtorebisganmtkiceba. iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaris alkoholis xelmisawvdomoba, ojaxisdagegmvis samsaxurebi, mSobiarobamde damSobiarobis Semdeg meTvalyureoba, socialuridacva, fsiqikuri aSlilobisada narkomaniis mkurnaloba, dabadebis,sikvdilisa da qorwinebis registracia,garemos dabinZurebis doneebi _ im mniSvnelovanifaqtorebis mxolod mcireCamonaTvalia, romlebic samarTlebrivida sakanondeblo reformis paraleluradunda gvardebodes.prevenciis strategiebiwinamdebare kvleva aaSkaravebs, rom arsebobsmTeli rigi sxvadasxva saxis potenciurireagirebisa, romlebsac SeuZlia ZaladobisTavidan acileba: ojaxsa da ojaxur85bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

SvedeTis gamocdileba fizikuri dasjisakrZalvasTan dakavSirebiTDSvedeTi iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac yvela saxis fizikuri dasja akrZala.1975 wels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan amoRebul iqna debuleba, romlisTanaxmad mSoblebs bavSvisTvis `aRmzrdelobiTi mizniT~ mcire dazianebismiyenebis gamo amarTlebdnen. 1979 wels SvedeTma mTlianad akrZala fizikuridasja mSoblobis da meurveobis kodeqsSi: `bavSvebis mimarT... ar SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnes fizikuri dasja an nebismieri sxva damamcirebeli mopyroba~.86bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiSvedeTis gamocdileba gvaCvenebs, rom roca progresuli sakanonmdeblo reformadakavSirebulia sazogadoebis mravalmxriv ganaTlebasTan, mniSvnelovanigardaqmnebi bavSvebze Zaladobis mimarT damokidebulebaSi da ZaladobisSemcirebaSi SeiZleba ramdenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi iqnes miRweuli. 2000wels saparlamento komisiam moiTxova, gamoekvliaT mSoblebis mier bavSvebisfizikuri dasjis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareoba fizikuri dasjis akrZalvisSemdeg. monacemebis mixedviT gamoirkva, rom sagrZnoblad Semcirda fizikuridasjis gamoyenebis, gansakuTrebiT _ bavSvebis muStiT an raime instrumentiTcemis an silis gawvnis SemTxvevebi. 1980 wels qveyanaSi mSoblobasTandakavSirebiT Catarebul gamokvlevaSi mSoblebis 51%-ma ganacxada, rom isiniiyenebdnen fizikur dasjas gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi; 20 wlis Semdeg, 2000 wels,es cifri 8%-mde Semcirda. 174garemoSi bavSvebis Zaladobis mniSvnelovaniSemcireba SesaZlebelia im kanonebis,maregulirebeli wesebisa da programebisganxorcielebiT, romlebic amyarebenojaxebs, Tanadgomas uweven maT da ebrZvianTemsa da sazogadoebaSi arsebul faqtorebs,romlebic xelsayrel pirobebsqmnis ZaladobisaTvis.imisaTvis, rom efeqtianoba maqsimaluriiyos, prevenciis strategiebi unda daemyarossaukeTeso samecniero masalebs damiznad unda isaxavdes risk-faqtorebisSemcirebas da damacavi faqtorebis ga-Zlierebas, aseve unda Seicavdes strategiiszemoqmedebis SefasebisaTvis saWiromeqanizmebs da unda xorcieldebodesufro farTo sistemis farglebSi ZaladobisaganbavSvebis dasacavad. arsebobs bevrisxvadasxva perspeqtiuli strategia, romlebicojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi bavSvebzeZaladobis prevenciisken aris mimarTuli,dawyebuli pirdapiri zegavlenis mqoneprogramebiT, rogoricaa mSoblebis treningisprogramebi, da damTavrebuli iseTistrategiebiT, romlebsac arapirdapirizemoqmedebis moxdena SeuZliaT, rogoricaris alkoholis xelmisawvdomobisa Tuojaxis dagegmvis samsaxurebis misawvdomobismaregulirebeli strategiebi.

`Cven asakis gamo arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi varT. ufrosebs ar sjeraT,rasac vambobT, roca aseTi ram xdeba. amitomac arafers vambobT. me myavsmegobari gogona, romlis maminacvali mas earSiyeba da roca man dedas uTxraamis Sesaxeb, is dasajes kidec.15 wlis biWi, laTinuri amerika3mSoblebisa da ojaxebismxardaWeradedisa da bavSvis janmrTelobis dacvaugulebelyofasTan da ZaladobasTan sabrZolveladreagirebis e.w. ‘pirveli xazia~reproduqciuli da dedisa da bavSvisjanmrTelobis dacva bavSvebis sicocxlisdasawyisidanve. amgvari momsaxureba aramxolod arasasurveli orsulobis Tavidanacilebis da prenataluri, postnatalurida Cvilis jandacvis xelmisawvdomobas uzrunvelyofs,aramed xels uwyobs mSobelsada bavSvs Soris siaxloves da mSoblebismxridan mcirewlovani bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis riskis Semcirebas. bevr qveyanaSiarsebobs axlad namSobiarevi dedebisdamxmare programebi, xolo zog qveyanaSi_ jandacvis muSakebis/sazogadoebriviaSS, 1997 weli, 10 wlis tifani, misi dedaletiSa da maminacvali bili sxedan quCaSi,skamze, deitona biCSi. ramdenime Tvis manZilzeusaxlkarod darCenilebma gadawyvites tifanida misi da, 13 wlis tonia, sacxovrebladbebiasTan sxva StatSi gaagzavnon.UNICEF/HQ97-0211. Betty Pressmoxaliseebis mier axalSobilTa ojaxSi monaxulebisprogramebi. amitom im mSoblebisadreul etapzeve gansazRvra, romlebsacdaxmareba sWirdebaT, SesaZlebelia maTistigmatizaciis gareSe, socialuri samsaxurebisTanamSromelTa mxridan dedebisada bavSvebis sistematuri Semowmebis meSveobiT,usafrTxo orsulobisa da mSobiarobisxelSewyobiT da socialur muSakTamier ojaxebSi maTi monaxulebiT. amgvarimidgoma mSobelTa ganaTlebas uwyobs xelsda SesaZlebeli xdeba resursebis mimarTva‘yvelaze prioritetuli~ ojaxebisakencnobili risk-faqtorebis identificirebisada damatebiTi momsaxurebis SeTavazebisgziT.ojaxSi monaxuleba da mSobelTaganaTlebis programebiramdenime aTeuli welia arsebobs programebi,romlebic yuradRebas uTmobsojaxis funqcionirebas, gansakuTrebiTojaxis marTvas, problemebis gadaWras dabavSvebze zrunvas da aRzrdas. damtkicebulia,rom amgvari forma ojaxsa da ojaxurgaremoSi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Semcirebis,agreTve, bavSvis janmrTelobasada mis ganviTarebaze uaryofiTi zegavlenisSemcirebis sakmaod efeqtiani saSualebaa.yvelaze warmatebuli programebimimarTulia rogorc bavSvis ganviTarebisakenojaxis SigniT, aseve ojaxebis SesaZleblobisgazrdisken, gaumklavdnen ojaxisgareT arsebul moTxovnebs. mzrunvelipirebis ganaTlebam aseve SeiZleba Tavidanagvacilos mSobelsa da bavSvs Soris cudiurTierTobis ganviTareba da xeli SeuwyosiseTi garemos Seqmnas, romelSic SesaZlebeliiqneba mSoblebisaTvis disciplinisdamyarebis araZaladobrivi meTodebisswavleba. rac ufro adreul asakSi daiwyebaamgvari programebi da rac ufro xan-87bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

88bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSigrZlivi iqneba isini, miT met sargeblobasmoitans.ojaxSi monaxuleba gulisxmobs jandacvissferos specialistebis, socialuri mu-Sakebisa an specialurad momzadebuli moxaliseebismonawileobas CvilTa da mcirewlovanbavSvTa saWiroebebis SefasebaSi,aseve maTi mSoblebis unaris SefasebaSi,daakmayofilon es saWiroebebi ojaxSi arsebulisocialuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobisgaTvaliswinebiT. ojaxSi individualurimonaxuleba miznad isaxavs emociuriTanadgomis gawevas da treningebisCatarebas, raTa xeli Seewyos mSoblebisganaTlebas, maTi qcevis da unar-CvevebisganviTarebas da garkveulwilad Sefasdesojaxi. ojaxSi monaxuleba imis SesaZleblobasaciZleva, rom ojaxi, saWiroebismixedviT, sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv samsaxursdaukavSirdes.aSS-Si bavSvis dabadebidan pirveli oriwlis ganmavlobaSi socialur da ekonomikurgaWirvebaSi myof axalgazrdadedebTan ojaxebSi meddebis vizitebisdadebiTi Sedegi mxolod 15 wlis SemdeggamoaSkaravda. 177 SemTxveviTi SerCevismeTodiT gamokvlevis dros gamovlinda,rom ojaxebSi vizitebis Sedegad miRebulisargebloba iyo bavSvis Seuracxyofisa daugulebelyofis mniSvnelovani Semcirebada aseve dedebis mier alkoholis/narkotikebismoxmarebis Semcireba. amJamindelimonacemebi mowmobs, rom ojaxSi monaxulebisyvelaze warmatebuli programebisZiriTadi yuradReba koncentrirebuliaim ojaxebze, sadac SesaZloa bavSvis mimarTZaladobis riski da es programebi,rogorc wesi, iwyeba qalis orsulobidanda grZeldeba bavSvis ori wlis asakamdemainc. aRniSnuli programebi aqtiuradnergavs dadebiTi qcevis normebs, ojaxebsdaxmarebas uwevs stresis marTvaSida ojaxisaTvis mniSvnelovan mTel rigsakiTxebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. 178,179programebi moqnili unda iyos, raTa SesaZlebeliiyos ojaxSi mimdinare cvlilebebTanmaTi misadageba.mSoblebis ganaTleba bavSvTa aRzrdaSi,romelic prevenciis kidev erTi warmatebulida farTod gavrcelebuli strategiaa,SeiZleba SeTavazebuli iyos ojaxSimonaxulebis programis konteqstSi andamoukideblad. programebi, rogorc wesi,aswavlian mSoblebs bavSvis ganviTarebissakiTxebs da miznad isaxaven qcevis mar-Tvis Cvevebis gaumjobesebas. mSoblebisada mzrunveli pirebis qcevis wesebis gaumjobesebaSeiZleba im SemTxvevaSi, rocaisini Seigneben, Tu ra didi mniSvnelobaaqvs miRebuli rCevebis Tanmimdevrul Sesrulebas;aseve SesaZlebelia kargi qcevisSeqebiT da ganmtkicebiT, xolo umniSvnelodarRvevebis ignorirebiT, efeqtianimiTiTebebis micemiT da cudi qcevisaTvisaraZaladobrivi Sedegebis ganxorcielebiT.180 bavSvTa aRzrdis programebiunda emsaxurebodes rogorc dedebis, asevemamebis unar-Cvevebis ganmtkicebas.bavSvTa aRzrdis programebi ZiriTadadxorcieldeba saSualo da dabali Semosavlismqone qveynebSi. magaliTad, CineTisqalTa federaciis xelSewyobiT CineTis 200000-ze metma Temma Camoayaliba ‘mSobelTaskolebi~, romlebic erTSvilian ojaxebsbavSvis aRzrdaSi gauwevs daxmarebas. 181aRmosavleT evropaSi, moldovis respublikaSi,mSoblebis ganaTleba pirveladijandacvis sistemaSia gaTvaliswinebuli.janmrTelobis dacvis muSakebs utarebentreningebs, raTa maT mSoblebs miawodoncodna da gamocdileba, romlebic saWiroamaTi mcirewlovani bavSvebis gadarCenis,

3gazrdis, ganviTarebis da dacvisaTvis,aseve imisaTvis, rom icodnen, Tu rodisda sad mividnen konkretuli momsaxurebismisaRebad. aRniSnuli iniciativa 2002 welsdaiwyo. ukve naTelia, rom ojaxis eqimebida meddebi, romlebmac gaiares treningisprograma, savaraudod dasaqmebuli iqnebianmSoblebis ganaTlebis sferoSi. aRniSnuliiniciativa gulisxmobs, rom Ziri-Tadi yuradReba gadatanili iqneba yvelasaxis Zaladobisagan, maT Soris, fizikuridasjis da dasjis sxva damamcirebeliformebisagan bavSvebis dacvaze. 182ganviTarebad qveynebSi bavSvTa aRzrdiskursebs sazogadoebriv sawyisebze arsebulimSobelTa centrebi uZRvebian. magali-Tad, samxreT afrikaSi keiptaunis mSoe.w.sami `pi~-s principi~: `pozitiuri mSoblobis programa~(Positive Parenting Programme)vinaidan ojaxSi Zaladobis xelSemwyob risk-faqtorebs sxvadasxva donezevxvdebiT, prevenciis ramdenime yvelaze efeqtiani strategia gulisxmobserTze met doneze Carevas. amis magaliTia `pozitiuri mSoblobis programa~(e.w. sami `pi~-s principi). is SemoiRes avstraliaSi da amJamad aseve gamoiyenebakanadaSi, germaniaSi, CineTis honkongis specialur administraciul regionSi,axal zelandiaSi, singapurSi, SveicariaSi, aSS-sa da gaerTianebul samefoSi.e.w. sami `pi~-s principi efeqtiania pozitiuri mSoblobis xelSewyobisaTvis dabavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis riskis Semcirebas emsaxureba. aSS-is daavadebaTakontrolisa da profilaqtikis centri amJamad afinansebs Sedegebis Sefasebisgamokvlevas bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobaze e.w. sami `pi~-s principisgavlenis Sesafaseblad. 184programis pirveli done mTel mosaxleobaze vrceldeba. ori Semdegi doneSerCeuli mSoblebisaTvis gulisxmobs konsultaciebs pirveladi daxmarebiscentrebSi, rogoricaa samedicino konsultaciebis centrebi. im mSoblebisaTvis,romlebsac finansuri siZneleebi an fsiqikuri problemebi aqvT an romelTaojaxebSi Zaladobis maRali riskia, xelmisawvdomia ufro intensiuri treningisprogramebi, 8-10 gakveTili (me-4 done) an 10-16 gakveTili (me-5 done).e.w. sami `pi~-s ZiriTadi principebia:–– bavSvisaTvis usafrTxo garemos Seqmna;–– bavSvis swavlisaTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna;–– mSoblis mxridan dadebiTi (araagresiuli) da Tanmimdevruli mopyrobadisciplinis damyarebisas;–– bavSvis normaluri molodinis gaTvaliswineba;––185mSoblebi, romlebsac sakuTar Tavze zrunva SeuZliaT.89bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

elTa centrs Semdegi momsaxurebis gawevaSeuZlia: 183ganaTleba adreul asakSi da bavSvismovlis programebi90bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi••••••••••••••mSobelTa jgufebi dedebis dabavSvebisaTvis, dedebisaTvis daaxlad fexadgmuli bavSvebisaTvis,aseve martoxela dedebisaTvis;mSobiarobis Semdgomi periodisdepresiis daZleva;treningi axlad fexadgmulibavSvebis efeqtiani disciplinissakiTxebSi;treningebi 5 da 12 wlamde asakisbavSvebisa da mozardebis mSoblebisaTvis;konsultaciebi mSoblebisaTvis damzrunveli pirebisaTvis;ojaxebSi stumroba bavSvebze Zaladobisprevenciis mizniT;bavSvebTan momuSave specialistebisda dabali rgolis samedicinopersonalis treningi.mamebis pasuxismgeblobis aRzrdabevr ojaxs esaWiroeba daxmareba ara mxolodaRzrdis ZiriTad safuZvlebSi,aramed maTi bavSvebis stimulirebisa daganaTlebis sakiTxebSic. adreul asakSibavSvebis movlis da ganviTarebis programebi(ECCD) SemuSavebulia am ori miznismisaRwevad da arsebobs mtkicebuleba, romorive mizani SeiZleba efeqtiani iyos imfaqtorebis Semcirebis saqmeSi, romlebiciwvevs ojaxSi Zaladobas. magaliTad, gaer-Tianebul samefoSi ekonomikurad gaWirvebulimSoblebis skolamdeli asakis SvilebisaTvisgamiznuli sabavSvo baRebis programebisSeswavlam gamoavlina, rom dadebiTiiyo zegavlena dedebisa da SvilebisurTierTkavSirze da rom dedebis warmatebebiswavla-ganaTlebaSi an dasaqmebaSisasikeTo iyo maTi ojaxebisaTvis. bavSvebmaki miiRes sakmaod Sorsmimavali samomavlo2003 wlidan SvedeTis Save the Children-ma samxreT da centralur afrikaSi Tavisregionul strategiaSi Seitana mamakacebTan da biWebTan muSaoba im rwmeniT, rommamrobiTi sqesis bevri warmomadgenelisaTvis miuRebelia mamakacurobis SesaxebiseTi Sexeduleba, romelic dasaSvebad miiCnevs Zaladobas qalebisa da bavSvebismimarT. aRniSnul regionSi amJamad mimdinareobs muSaoba alternatiuliSexedulebebis dasamkvidreblad, romlebic gulisxmobs mamakacebisa da biWebispartniorobas. Catarda seminarebi mamakacebTan da biWebTan muSaobis sakiTxebze,maTi mxardaWeris mozidvis mizniT, raTa Semcirdes Zaladoba gogonebis, biWebis,qalebisa da sxva mamakacebis mimarT. gamoyenebuli iyo White Ribbon Campaignisgamocdileba, romelic warmoadgens organizebuli xasiaTis mravalwlianmcdelobas, raTa mamakacebma uari Tqvan qalebis mimarT Zaladobaze da romelsacamJamad sakuTari qseli aqvs msoflios 47 qveyanaSi, maT Soris, samxreT afrikaSi,samxreT aziaSi, axal zelandiaSi, tongaSi, braziliaSi, germaniasa da skandinaviisqveynebSi. aseve Catarda seminarebi qveynis doneze, xolo bangladeSSi amsakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciis qseli daarsda. axlayuradReba sazogadoebaSi biWebis ufro aqtiur monawileobazea gadatanili. 186

3Sedegebi: ukeTesi qceva da warmatebebi skolaSi,dasaqmebis maRali done, mozardebSiorsulobis dabali procentuli maCvenebeli,maRali socialuri da ekonomikuristatusi da damnaSaveobis Semcireba. 187im ojaxebis daxmareba, romlebsacunarSezRuduli bavSvebi hyavTTandayolili unarSezRudulobis mqonebavSvebis mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis Semcirebisprogramebis efeqtianobaze Zaliancota gamokvlevaa Catarebuli. Tumca ‘unarSezRudulibavSvebis Sesaxeb eqspertismier Catarebulma konsultaciam~,romelic winamdebare kvlevisaTvis Catarda,gamoavlina, rom msoflios sxvadasxvaqveyanaSi miRebuli perspeqtiuli midgomagulisxmobs sazogadoebriv sawyisebze reabilitaciisada adreul asakSi stimulirebisprogramebs centrebSi an ojaxebSivizitebis saSualebiT.unarSezRuduli bavSvebis mSoblebisaTvismowyobilma xanmokle droebiTma SesvenebamSeiZleba mTel ojaxs Seumciros stresi daTan Seasrulos Zaladobis prevenciiskenmimarTuli strategiis roli. mxardaWerismeqanizmebi, romlebic mSoblebs bavSvismovlisagan Sesvenebis saSualebas aZlevs,SesaZlebelia organizebuli iyos religiurida arasamTavrobo organizaciebisan saxelmwifo uwyebebis mier da maT Seu-ZliaT daxmarebis gaweva unarSezRudulibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Tavidan asacileblad.188programebi bavSvebisaTvis da maTimonawileobiTcxovrebisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebisswavlebam, rac bavSvebs saSualebas aZlevsamoicnon da Tavidan aicilon saxifaTosituaciebi, imedismomcemi Sedegebi gamoavlinasaswavlo da sazogadoebriv sawyisebzedamyarebul mTel rig centrebSi.amgvari tipis Careva bavSvebs, Cveulebriv,aswavlis misaRebi da miuRebeli SexebismniSvnelobas, ufrosisaTvis ‘aras~ Tqmas,roca isini uxerxulobas an ZaladobasgrZnoben im pirebisagan, romlebsacesaubrebian. marTalia, zogi programisdaxmarebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda saxifaTosituaciebSi bavSvebis codnisa da Cvevebisgaumjobeseba, magram ufro grZelvadianiSefasebebi, rogorc wesi, ar aris xelmisawvdomi.amgvari programebi ufro efeqtianiaerTiani strategiis nawilis da aradamoukidebeli programebis saxiT (ix. Tavi‘bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba skolaSi da saswavlodawesebulebebSi~).mTel rig qveynebSi bavSvis uflebaTa moZraobisxelSewyobiT Seiqmna bavSvebisada mozardebis organizaciebi da gasuliaTwleulis ganmavlobaSi isini aqtiurrols TamaSobdnen. aRniSnulma organizaciebmabevr TavianT wevrs misces SesaZlebloba,gamxdariyvnen Tavdajerebuli, esaubraTsakuTar problemebze da sxvebTanerTad mieRoT zomebi maT an sxva bavSvebismimarT Cadenili Zaladobis Sesamcireblad.zogi amgvari organizacia, magali-Tad, gogonebis sakonsultacio komitetebieTiopiaSi, mowodebulia iseTi konkretuliproblemebis gadasawyvetad, rogoricaris bavSvis qorwineba (ix. CanarTi). marTalia,arsebobs dasabuTeba imisa, rom skolisbazaze arsebul amgvari programebsSeuZliaT bavSvebSi seqsualuri devnisriskis Semcireba TemSi, magram ar aris bolomdeSeswavlili, Tu ramdenad moicavses seqsualur Zaladobas ojaxSi. 189 bavSvebissaqmianobas skolebSi da sazogadoebrivigaremos bazaze mxardaWera sWirdeba,91bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

vinaidan Tanatolebis jgufebs SeuZliaTmniSvnelovani roli Seasrulon riskis winaSemdgari bavSvebis identificirebasada aqtiuri sawinaaRmdego zomebis miRebissaqmeSi.davarRvioT dumiliyvela tipis strategiuli reagirebis erTerTiqvakuTxedi unda gaxdes im dumilisdarRveva, romlis atanac bavSvebis umetegogonebissakonsultacio komitetebi: bavSvebis mierorganizebuli saqmianoba eTiopiis soflebSi92dawyebiTi skolebi erTaderTi adgilia eTiopiis soflebSi, sadac is gogonebi(da biWebi) grovdebian, romlebic daucveli arian adreuli iZulebiTi qorwinebisagan.gogonebis sakonsultacio komitetebis Seqmna siaxles warmoadgenseTiopiis dawyebiT skolebSi, romlis mizania bavSvis dacva qorwinebisagan dagenderuli diskriminaciis sxva formebisagan.bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSigogonebis sakonsultacio komiteti klubi ki ara, skolis komitetia, romelicmSobelTa da maswavlebelTa asociaciasTan aris dakavSirebuli. gogonebis sakonsultaciokomitetebis saqmianobis mizania ufro pozitiuri garemos SeqmnabavSvebisaTvis ojaxSi da skolaSi sazogadoebaSi informaciis gavrcelebis dasxva saSualebebis gziT. komitetebis Semadgenloba gansxvavebulia, magram amkomitetebSi Sedian moswavle gogonebi da biWebi, zogjer sazogadoebis wevrebida konsultanti qali-maswavlebeli. wevri moswavleebi warmoadgenen damakav-Sirebel rgols ojaxebsa da skolas Soris, isini atyobineben komitets bavSvismosalodneli qorwinebis, motacebis, Seuracxyofis da gogonebis mier skolisgacdenis xSiri SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb.roca miRebulia Setyobineba mcirewlovani gogonas mosalodneli qorwinebisSesaxeb, gogonebis sakonsultacio komiteti midis mSoblebTan, raTa maT esnabiji gadaaTqmevinos. Tu isini uars amboben maT mosmenaze, gogonebis sakonsultaciokomiteti sTxovs mSoblebs, movidnen skolaSi. maSin maswavleblebisTxoven mSoblebs, uari Tqvan bavSvis gaTxovebaze da uxsnian, rom es ukanonoqmedebaa. amas, Cveulebriv, dadebiTi Sedegi moaqvs. dedebi amboben, rom isinimoxaruli arian, rom maTma qaliSvilma Tavi daaRwia im cxovrebas, romliskenacmas iZulebiT ubiZgebdnen, Tumca skolis mxardaWeris gareSe mSoblebi ver Se-Zlebdnen qorwinebis winaaRmdeg gamosvlas.bavSvebis mier organizebuli saqmianobis magaliTi gvaCvenebs integrirebulimidgomis aucileblobas, rodesac bavSvebis mcdelobas mxars iseTi avtoritetulipirebi uWeren, rogoricaa skolis maswavleblebi da policia. 190

`maxsovs, aRsazrdelad mibarebuli bavSvi viyavi, romelsac momavalSi Sviladayvanas upirebdnen. qamriT mcemes... verasodes gavige mizezi, ratom an ragavakeTe arasworad. Tumca maxsovs SiSi da tkivili~.axalgazrdebis lideri, CrdiloeTi amerika, 2005 XI3sobas uwevs ojaxSi fizikuri, fsiqologiurian seqsualuri Zaladobis dros.konsultaciebisa da ganxilvebis SedegadaraerTxel gamovlinda, rom bavSvebs,romelTac eSiniaT da ar moswonT is Zaladoba,romelsac ganicdian, ar hgoniaT, romarsebobs raime adgili, sadac maT TavianTigrZnobebis gamJRavneba SeeZlebaT. SeiZlebaisini sulac fiqrobdnen, rom amgvarigrZnobebi ‘normaluria~. bevr bavSvs rcxveniaan sakuTar Tavs adanaSaulebs, sxvebigaCumebulebi arian imis SiSiT, rom ar gamoiwvionZaladobis ufro metad gamZafrebaanda imis SiSiT, rom utaqto Carevam kidevufro ar gaauaresos maTi mdgomareoba.programebis dagegmvisa da reagirebisganuyofeli komponentis saxiT bavSvebTankonsultaciebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiszogadi tendenciis farglebSi SemuSavdabavSvebisadmi keTilganwyobili meTodologiebibavSvebTan konsultaciebisa da reagireba-kvlevisaTvis.aRniSnuli meTodologiebi,sakonsultacio momsaxurebasa dakomunikaciis unar-CvevebTan erTad, gamoyenebuliiyo imisaTvis, rom bavSvebisaTvismiecaT SesaZlebloba, maTi piradi da mwaregamocdilebis Sesaxeb guli gadaeSalaTim ufrosebisaTvis, romlebTanac isiniTavs daculad grZoben. zog SemTxvevaSi,gansakuTrebiT _ indoeTsa da braziliaSi,bavSvebi, romlebic sakuTari ojaxebismxridan trefikingis msxverpli gaxdnen daromelTac ufrosebis mimarT undoblobisgrZnoba hqondaT, gaerTiandnen, raTa erTmaneTisaTvisdaxmareba gaewiaT da TavidanaecilebinaT Zaladoba momavalSi. 191bavSvTa ndobis telefonebi TandaTanobiTufro met popularobas iZens: rogorcukve aRiniSna, konsultantTan telefonzesaidumlo diskusia zog bavSvs aZlevs Sesa-Zleblobas, mouyves mas imis Sesaxeb, Tu raxdeba mis Tavs da daxmareba iTxovos. ndobistelefonebi da cxeli xazebi moewyosxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciismier, raTa bavSvebisaTvis daxmareba gaewiaTmaTTvis Seuracxmyofeli situaciebidanTavis daxsnisas; amgvari satelefonokavSirebi gamoiyeneba filipinebze da kambojaSiim bavSvebis mier, romlebic Zaladobasganicdian sakuTari ojaxebis gareTmosamsaxureebad muSaobis dros 192 (ix. Tavi‘Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT TemSi~).socialuri politikaZlieri socialuri politika gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovania ojaxebisaTvisda, ekonomikuri, socialuri da fsiqologiuristresis miuxedavad, maT ganvi-Tarebis saSualebas aZlevs. am sferoebSigaumjobeseba mimarTulia ojaxSi bavSvebzeZaladobis zogierTi ZiriTadi riskfaqtorisakenda, aqedan gamomdinare, amasbavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobis SemTxvevaTaprocentuli odenobis Semcirebamohyveba. Sesabamisi politika gulisxmobsdasaqmebis, sasicocxlo minimumis, sofladSemosavlis wyaros mxardaWeras, miwis samarTlianreformas, saTanado kompensaciasiZulebiTi gansaxlebis SemTxvevaSi,qalebis Semosavlis Seqmnas da wyalmomaragebis,gzebisa da bilikebis, satransportosaSualebebis da kanalizaciis Tanabarxelmisawvdomobas. garda amisa, socialurpolitikaSi, romelsac dadebiTiSedegi moaqvs ojaxebisaTvis, igulisxmebasocialuri dacvis sistemebis xelmisawvdomoba,magaliTad, unarSezRuduli adamianebisan unarSezRuduli bavSvebis momvlelebisuzrunvelyofa saxelmwifo SemweobiT;umuSevarTa daxmareba, xelmokleojaxebisaTvis janmrTelobis dazRveva anufaso mkurnaloba; fuladi saxsrebiT ansakvebiT ukiduresad gaWirvebuli ojax-93bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

“vfiqrob bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba ufro xSirad xdeba, vidre Cven es gvgonia. bavSvebs scemensakuTar ojaxebSi da maT eSiniaT amis gamxela sxvebisaTvis. Znelia aRkveTo is, rac daxurulkars miRma xdeba.”bavSvi, 12 wlis, CrdiloeT amerika XII94bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiebis daxmareba (socialuri politikissakiTxebi ufro detalurad ganxiluliaTavSi ‘Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT TemSi~).sxva strategiebimarTalia, aRniSnuli Carevebis uSualozegavlena bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobazekargad ar aris Seswavlili, Temis donezejanmrTelobis dacvis zogad iniciativebsSeuZliaT Zaladobis donis Semcireba.magaliTad, garemos dacvasTan dakavSirebuljandacvis iniciativebs, romlebic sazogadoebisaTvismavne tyvias da sxva toqsinebsanadgureben, SeuZliaT SeamcironbavSvebze Zaladoba, vinaidan Semcirdebaembrionuli tvinis dazianebis procenti damisgan gamowveuli SemecnebiTi aSlilobebi,rogoricaa yuradRebis koncentraciisdeficitis daavadeba da hiperaqtivoba.aqedan gamomdinare, Semcirdeba maRaliriskis maxasiaTeblebis mqone bavSvebisraodenobac. analogiurad, alkoholisSezRuduli xelmisawvdomoba, magaliTad,alkoholiani sasmelebiT movaWre maRaziebisricxvis an fasebis kontrolis gziT,xels Seuwyobs bavSvebis dacvas Zaladobisagan.193 msgavs mcdelobebs ganviTarebadqveynebSi SeuZliaT bavSvebis mimarT alkoholisgamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli ZaladobisSemcireba, Tumca amgvari RonisZiebebisaguldagulod unda iyos mofiqrebuli,radgan aman msmel adamianebs SeiZlebaubiZgos, rom gadavidnen ufro iaffasiansasmelebze da saxlSi warmoebul, naklebadkontrolirebul alternatiul variantebze.194miuxedavad imisa, rom oficialuri Sefasebebinaklebad aris Catarebuli, sxva perspeqtiuliintervenciebi gulisxmobs nacemiqalebisa da maTi bavSvebisaTvis TavSesafrebisada krizis-centrebis uzrunvelyofas,jandacvis muSakebis treningebs,raTa maT gamoavlinon da imuSaon im adamianebTan,romlebic bavSvobaSi Zaladobismsxverpli iyvenen; perspeqtiul CarevebsganekuTvneba, aseve, Carevebi, romlebicganamtkicebs kavSirebs fsiqiatriulimkurnalobis, narkomaniis mkurnalobisada bavSvis dacvis samsaxurebs Soris.Careva, rodesac cnobilixdeba Zaladobis faqtisSesaxebrodesac arsebobs bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobaseWvi an rodesac Zaladobis Sesaxebcnobili xdeba, miRebuli unda iqneszomebi riskis winaSe myofi bavSvebis dasacavad.bavSvis dacvis samsaxurebis Semadgenlobada sakanonmdeblo baza gansxvavebuliasxvadasxva qveyanaSi. xSirad maTaqvT Zaladobis faqtebis Setyobinebis,specialistebTan gagzavnis, gamoZiebisda Semdgomi zomebis miRebis meqanizmebi.idealur SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivizomebi miRebuli unda iqnes janmrTelobisdacvis da socialur zomebTan erTad.mxardaWera da daxmareba saTanado dacvisgareSe SeiZleba saxifaTo aRmoCndes bavSviskeTildReobis da ganviTarebisaTvis;magram Tuki samarTlebrivi mosazrebiTyuradReba gamaxvildeba gamoZiebasa dadacvaze, xolo araadekvaturi iqneba Semdgomizomebi da arasakmarisi _ paralelurimkurnaloba, aman SeiZleba mZime daxangrZlivi ziani moutanos rogorc bavSvs,aseve ojaxs.saWiroa gadaudebeli kvlevis CatarebabavSvTa dacvis mimarT qmediTi mxardaWeris,daxmarebisa da mkurnalobaze orientirebulimidgomebis gamosavlenad,

3agreTve imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogor undamoxdes amis ganxorcieleba rogorc didi,aseve mcire resursebis pirobebSi. sazogadoebisdoneze moqmedi bavSvTa dacvissistemebi, romlebic adamianis uflebebsemyareba da sakanonmdeblo bazebiTaris ganmatkicebuli, sazogadoebasTankonsultaciebis safuZvelze unda ganviTardes.bavSvTa dacvis muSakebi undamiiltvodnen imisaken, rom daimsaxuronndoba da, amasTan erTad, isini sruladangariSvaldebuli unda iyvnen mTlianisistemis farglebSi.bavSvebis mimarT ojaxuri ZaladobisgamovlenadroTa ganmavlobaSi bavSvze ZaladobisSemTxvevaTa sixSirisa da sisastikis zrdasTanerTad izrdeba bavSvisTvis zianismiyenebis potenciali. amitom mniSvnelovaniaZaladobis rac SeiZleba adreuletapze gamovlena da mis SesaCerebladsaTanado zomebis miReba. janmrTelobisdacvis specialistebs mniSvnelovanifunqcia akisriaT bavSvis dacvis saqmeSi,vinaidan, Zalze moSorebuli soflebismcxovrebTa garda, Cvili da mcirewlovanibavSvebi, Cveulebriv, dahyavTsamedicino centrebSi. im qveynebSi, sadacarsebobs socialuri samsaxurebisqseli, bavSvebi aseve SeiZleba drodadroan regularulad moinaxulon socialurmamuSakebma. amgvari Sexvedrebida kontaqtebi iZleva bavSvebis mimarTCadenili im Zaladobis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas,romelic xSirad unebliedazianebad an avadmyofobad aris SeniRbulimSoblebis da mzrunvelebis mier.jandacvis dawesebulebaTa personalisdatvirTvis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT undagaiaron treningebi da aimaRlon profesionalizmi,aseve unda gaumjobesdes materialuribaza. vinaidan Zaladobis gamovlenayovelTvis advili ar aris, ZalzemniSvnelovania profesionalebisaTvis,romlebic Sefasebas akeTeben, standartulimiTiTebebis da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofa.janmrTelobis dacvis muSakTatreningebi bavSvebis mimarT CadeniliZaladobis gamosavlenad da misi marTvismizniT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovaniaCvili bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan maTjer arc laparaki SeuZliaT da arc momxdarisaRwera. aseve mniSvnelovania yvelaim SemTxvevaSi, roca Zaladobis gamovlenadamokidebulia dakvirvebaze da arapirvelwyaros monatxrobze.bevr ganviTarebad qveyanaSi Camoyalibebuliasazogadoebriv sawyisebze damyarebulimeqanizmebi ojaxuri Zaladobis monitoringisada bavSvis dacvisaTvis. aRniSnulimeqanizmebis umetesoba eqsperimentisdonezea da daskvnebis gakeTebamde saWiroaSefasebis struqturis Camoyalibeba.magaliTad, filipinebze bavSvebis dacvismizniT iunisefis daxmarebiT Camoyalibda6 500 barangeis (soflis) sabWo. am sabWoebmaSeqmnes bavSvebis monacemTa baza da monitoringissistemebi, maT Soris, im bavSvebisSesaxeb, romlebic riskis qveS arian an romlebiceqspluataciis an Zaladobis msxverpliarian. 195 tanzaniis gaerTianebul respublikaSiorganizacia saxelad ‘kivulini~,romlis upirvelesi mizania ojaxSi fizikuri,fsiqologiuri da seqsualuri ZaladobisSemcireba, mWidrod TanamSromlobsadgilobrivi mTavrobis yvelaze dabalirgolis struqturaTa xelmZRvanelebTan_ sapatimroebis ufrosebTan da quCis liderebTan.quCis liderebs Temis wevrebiirCeven da isini uflebamosili arian, SevidnenmacxovreblebTan saxlebSi. 19695bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

mravalseqtoruli midgoma yovelmxrivi momsaxurebisuzrunvelsayofad: filipinebis saerTo profilissaavadmyofos bavSvTa dacvis jgufifilipinebis saerTo profilis saavadmyofos bavSvTa dacvis jgufi iyenebsmravalseqtorul midgomas bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis yovlismomcvelisamedicino da fsiqo-socialuri momsaxurebis mizniT. aRniSnuli jgufis mizaniamomavalSi bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobis Tavidan acileba da gankurnebisprocesis dawyeba. 2005 wels bavSvTa dacvis jgufs muSaoba mouxda bavSvebismimarT cudad mopyrobis 972 axal SemTxvevasTan. am bavSvebidan 81% seqsualuriZaladobis msxverpli iyo.96bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSidawyebuli pirveli kontaqtidan da mTeli Semdgomi xangrZlivi RonisZiebebisganmavlobaSi bavSvTa dacvis jgufi xarisxian mzrunvelobas uwevs bavSvebsmravalprofiliani midgomis gamoyenebiT. es midgoma gulisxmobs janmrTelobisdacvis, sakanonmdeblo da socialuri seqtorebis saqmianobis koordinirebasbavSvTa dacvis jgufis saqmis warmoebis sistemis saSualebiT. bavSvTa dacvisjgufi uzrunvelyofs iuridiul da policiis momsaxurebas, sasamarTloSisaqmis mosmenas, samedicino momsaxurebas, miTiTebebs aZlevs da mxardaWerasuwevs bavSvs da mis uaxloes naTesavebs, agreTve sTavazobs Terapias an agzavnissxva specializebul samedicino samsaxurebSi, iZleva bavSvis skolis xarjebTandakavSirebul grantebs da uprocento sesxebs Semosavlis wyarosaTvis.mSoblebisaTvis gankuTvnili gakveTilebi mSoblebs daxmarebas uwevs bavSvebTanarsebuli problemebis mogvarebaSi, exmarebian, ukeT gaigon sakuTari bavSvebisqceva da Sesabamisad Secvalon disciplinis damyarebis meTodebi.TiToeuli bavSvisaTvis gamoyofilia konkretuli SemTxveviT dakavebulispecialisti, romelic koordinacias uwevs bavSvisa da ojaxis mier miRebulyvela saxis momsaxurebas, exmareba da monitorings utarebs bavSvis usafrTxoadgilas ganTavsebas, iuridiul daxmarebas da sTavazobs fsiqikurijanmrTelobis dacvas. konkretuli SemTxveviT dakavebuli specialistebibavSvebTan da ojaxebTan imden xans muSaoben, ramdenic saWiroa. 200Zaladobis msxverplTamkurnalobabavSvebs, romlebmac ganicades ojaxuriZaladoba, mravalmxrivi mkurnaloba esaWiroebaT.janmrTelobis dacvis muSakebsunda CautardeT treningebi bavSvis mimarTCadenili Zaladobis gamovlenaSi, amZaladobis dokumenturad dafiqsirebasada Setyobinebis sistemis procedurebisdacvaSi, aseve mkurnalobis da Semdgomizomebis miRebis sakiTxebSi. 197 zog SemTxvevaSiSeiZleba saWiro gaxdes sasamarTlosTvisnimuSebis Segroveba; roca Ses-

`dadga dro, roca unda gavcdeT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis xarisxobrivgamokvlevebs. samxreT-aRmosavleT afrikaSi saswrafod unda CatardesgamokiTxvebi mosaxleobaSi, raTa mTeli sisruliT moefinos Suqi bavSvebismimarT Zaladobas. Cven unda CavdoT investiciebi ukeTes gamokvlevebSi da amsakiTxTan dakavSirebul monacemTa sistematur SegrovebaSi~.doqtori samli plianbangCangi, samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis regionulidireqtori, janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia3aZlebelia, es unda gakeTdes samedicinoSemowmebis dros. saWiroa gamocdiliprofesionalebi, romlebic Seafasebendazianebis xarisxs, Caatareben sasamarTloeqspertizas da bavSvebis dakiTxvas.seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvebs,saWiroebis mixedviT, unda CautardeT profilaqtikurimkurnaloba sqesobrivi gziTgadamdeb infeqciebTan, maT Soris, aiv/SidsTandakavSirebiT. janmrTelobis dacvismuSakebs akisriaT pasuxismgebloba, romupirvelesi yuradReba bavSvis fizikurjanmrTelobas dauTmon da bavSvi fsiqosocialuridaxmarebis, socialuri uzrunvelyofisan bavSvTa dacvis samsaxurebsgadascen. janmrTelobis dacvis seqtorisgareT gamovlenili Zaladobis SemTxvevebisSesaxeb saWiroa mimarTva jandacvis mu-SakisaTvis, romelic ganaxorcielebs SesabamisSefasebas da zrunvas.ojaxuri Zaladobis yvela forma mniSvnelovandaRs asvams bavSvis emociur mdgomareobasda mis ganviTarebas; amitom gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovania fsiqologiurida socialuri mxardaWera. mzrunvel pirs,romelic bavSvs Tanadgomas uwevs, mniSvnelovaniwvlilis Setana SeuZlia bavSvisgamojanmrTelebaSi. fsiqikuri janmrTelobismkurnalobis yvelaze efeqtianisaSualebebia qceviTi da SemecnebiTi me-Todebi da muSaoba rogorc bavSvTan, aseveojaxTan. bavSvebis ZiriTad CvevebSi Sedisemociis identificirebis, damuSavebisa daregulirebis Cvevebi; aRelvebis marTvisCvevebi; araswori aRqmis identificirebada Secvla; problemis gadawyvetis CvevebisgamomuSaveba. travmis SemecnebiTi qceviTimkurnaloba gansakuTrebiT efeqtianiaZaladobis msxverplis tanjvis, depresiis,sqesobrivi problemebisa da posttravmulistresiT gamowveuli darRvevebis simptomebisSemcirebis sakiTxebSi. 198,199specialistebis angariSebiZaladobis Sesaxebroca specialistebs _ meddebs, eqimebs,socialur muSakebs da maswavleblebs _uCndebaT eWvi, rom bavSvis mimarT ojaxSixdeba Zaladoba, maT SeiZleba kanoni avaldebulebdebs,rom xelmZRvanelobas sakuTarieWvebi Seatyobinon, anda SeiZlebakanonis winaSe valdebulebis gareSecigulisxmebodes, rom isini ase moiqcnen.imisaTvis, rom Setyobinebis struqturebiefeqtiani iyos, yovelTvis unda SeesabamebodesbavSvisa da ojaxis dacvis, mxardaWerisda mkurnalobis kargad Camoyalibebulstruqturebs. im qveynebma, sadackanoniT savaldebuloa Setyobineba, undaSeimuSaon sistemebis reformebi, romlebicbavSvebisa da ojaxebisaTvis xelmisawvdomsgaxdis konfidencialur samsaxurebs,sadac isini nebayoflobiT sawyisebzemiiReben daxmarebas.savaldebulo Setyobinebam SeiZleba winaaRmdegobrividamokidebuleba Seqmnasojaxebsa da bavSvTa dacvis uwyebebs Sorisda mis gamo ojaxebma SeiZleba uariTqvan oficialur daxmarebaze. is faqti,rom msoflios umetes nawilSi specialistebsda, zogadad, sazogadoebas ar surTojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb Setyobineba,metyvelebs, rom Setyobinebis Sesaxebsavaldebulo kanonis arsebobis gareSe,romelic specialistTa Tundac garkveuljgufebs Seexeba, uamravi bavSvi, romelicdacvas saWiroebs, verasodes iqneba identificirebulida ver miiRebs misTvisaucilebel dacvas. romeli midgomac arunda iqnes arCeuli, igi unda warmoadgendesdaxmarebis mizanmimarTul samsaxurs,romelic adamianebs sTavazobs janmrTelobisdacvas da socialur daxmarebas daar Semoifargleba mxolod damsjeli me-97bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

98bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiTodebiT. zogi eqsperti gvirCevs, rom bavSvebisaTvisda maTi warmomadgenlebisaTvisxelmisawvdomi unda iyos is samsaxurebi,romlebzec maT ecodinebaT, rom valdebuliarian (samsaxurebi), Seatyobinon ZaladobisSesaxeb da miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi(Cveulebriv _ socialuri samsaxurebi, samarTaldamcaviorganoebi). maTTvis asevexelmisawvdomi unda iyos samsaxurebi, romlebickonfidencialurad moqmedeben dabavSvis Tanxmobis gareSe araviTar zomebsar miiReben, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rocabavSvs emuqreba sikvdilis an seriozulidazianebis safrTxe.Careva bavSvis interesebidangamomdinareroca aRmoCndeba, rom bavSvi ojaxuriZaladobis saSiSroebis winaSe dgas,saWiroa koordinirebuli moqmedeba, raTagarantirebuli iyos bavSvis dacva. bavSvisda misi ojaxis SefasebisaTvis saWiroamonawileoba sxvadasxva seqtorSi momuSaveadamianebisa, romelTac hqondaT urTierTobabavSvTan da/an ojaxTan. rogorcaRniSnuli iyo, imisaTvis, rom Semcirdeswarumateblobis riski, bavSvis dacvaze pasuxismgebelmasxvadasxva seqtorma undagamoiyenos arsebuli informacia bavSvebismimarT ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladobiscalkeuli SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb. TumcanaTlad unda iyos gamijnuli pasuxismgeblobebirogorc Sesabamisi zomebis misaRebad,aseve bavSvis dacvis saqmeSi warumateblobisSesaxeb angariSgebisaTvis.saSualo Semosavlis mqone zogierTi qveyanaadgilobriv sazoagadoebaSi bavSvebisdamcavi garemos Seqmnis inovaciur xerxebsiyenebs. magaliTad, serbiaSi bavSvisdacvis moZravi jgufebi 2001 wels pirveladCamoyalibda oTx municipalitetSisaxelmwifo socialur problemebze momuSavecentrebTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebismobilur jgufebTan erTad.2003 wels iunisefis teqnikuri mxardaWeriTmontenegroSi Camoyalibda sacdelimravalprofiliani mobiluri jgufebi.isini dakompleqtebuli iyvenen profesionalebiT,romlebic Zaladobisa da ugulebelyofisSemTxvevebs koordinirebuligziT avlendnen da axdendnen reagirebas.miRebuli iyo sxvadasxva dokumenti er-Toblivi muSaobis, mediasTan TanamSromlobisda Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebisgamokiTxvis Sesaxeb.Sromisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofissaministrom aRniSnuli dokumentebismiRebis Semdeg gadawyvita 2009 wlisaTvisamgvari jgufebi socialuri uzrunvelyofisyvela centrSi Camoeyalibebina. 201bavSvis dacvis samsaxurebs SeuZliaT gamoiZionda scadon saeWvo Zaladobis angariSebisdasabuTeba. Tu angariSebi dadasturebuliiqneba, Semdeg bavSvis dacvissamsaxuris TanamSromlebi amoirCevensamoqmedo kurss. amgvari gadawyvetilebebismiReba xSirad sirTuleebTan arisdakavSirebuli, vinaidan saWiroa sxvadasxva,potenciurad urTierTsawinaaRmdegosaWiroebebis, magaliTad _ bavSvisdacva da survili, rom ojaxi xelSeuxebelidarCes _ dabalanseba. gamoyenebuliunda iyos bavSvisaTvis naklebad sazianoda ojaxisaTvis naklebad gamaRizianebelialternativa, manam, sanam bavSvis usafrTxoebaar iqneba uzrunvelyofili. CarevisSesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis miRebis drosgasaTvaliswinebelia bavSvis interesebida survilebi, mxedvelobaSi unda iyosmiRebuli bavSvis ganviTarebis etapi, emociurimdgomareoba da bavSvsa da ojaxis

`msoflio masStabiT Catarebuli konsultaciebis Sedegad gairkva, rom TiTqosyvela elodeboda amaze laparakis nebarTvas, elodeboda, rodis aexdebodafarda bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxs~.kerin landgreni, iunisefis bavSvTa dacvis xelmZRvaneli3sxva wevrebs Soris jansaRi an arajansaRikavSirebi.roca saWiroa alternatiulizrunvabavSvis ojaxidan moSoreba unda iyos Carevisukanaskneli saSualeba. idealur SemTxvevaSixelmisawvdomi unda iyos im mSoblebisdaxmarebis samsaxurebi, romlebic verarTmeven Tavs mSoblis movaleobebis Sesrulebas.grZelvadiani alternativebi(magaliTad, bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacemaxangrZlivi vadiT an gaSvileba) mxolod imSemTxvevebSi unda iqnes ganxiluli, rodesacbavSvi mniSvnelovani safrTxis winaSedadgeba an miCneuli iqneba, rom mSobelisxvadasxva Carevis pirobebSic ver moaxerxebsTavisi movaleobebis Sesrulebas an verafersSecvlis bavSvis ganviTarebis dros.bavSvs, romelic dacilebulia ojaxur garemos,misi interesebidan gamomdinare,gansakuTrebuli dacvisa da daxmarebismiRebis ufleba aqvs; ufro metic, saxelmwifoebivaldebuli arian, aseT garemoebaSimoxvedrili bavSvisTvis uzrunvelyonalternatiuli zrunvis misaRebi forma dasaTanado yuradReba miaqcion bavSvis aRzrdaSiTanmimdevrulobis SenarCunebas dabavSvis eTnikur, religiur, kulturulda lingvistur fesvebs (bavSvis uflebaTakonvencia, muxli 20). alternatiuli mzrunvelobaSeiZleba iyos oficialuric– bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema (muslimanurisamarTlis ‘kafala~) da Svilad ayvana– da araoficialuric, anu bavSvis moTavsebadid ojaxSi (naTesavebTan). bavSvebisaTvisalternatiuli zrunvis formebTandakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisasaucilebelia Semdegi sami principiTxelmZRvaneloba: 202••••••Cveulebriv, umjobesia bavSvismibareba ojaxSi da ara specialurdawesebulebaSi;problemis droebiTgadawyvetasTan SedarebiTupiratesoba unda mieniWosracionalur gadawyvetas,romelic, bavSvis interesebidangamomdinare, permanentulobasgulisxmobs, magram, amave dros,regularulad gadaisinjeba;Cveulebriv, upiratesoba undamieniWos bavSvis qveynis SigniTganTavsebas da ara sxva qveynebisCarTvas (magaliTad, sxva qveyanaSigaSvileba).alternatiuli zrunvis yvela forma bavSvisaTvisrisks Seicavs, maT Soris, momavaliZaladobis, eqspluataciisa da bavSvisuflebaTa xelyofasTan dakavSirebulsxvadasxva risks. amitom mniSvnelovania,rom saxelmwifoebma daafiqsiron da mar-Ton alternatiuli zrunvis yvela formabavSvis ganTavsebisa da mis mimarT mopyrobismudmivi monitoringis saSualebiT dabavSvis sruli monawileobiT (ix. agreTve,Tavi ‘bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba zrunvisada marTlmsajulebis sistemis dawesebulebebSi~).propaganda dasazogadoebis cnobierebisamaRlebamasobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT naklebadSuqdeba ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSibavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba, vidre,magaliTad, komerciuli mizniT bavSvebisseqsualuri eqspluatacia an bavSvisSromis gamoyeneba, da amdenad, am kuTxiTkvlevas naklebi yuradReba eTmoba msof-99bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

100bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSilio masStabiT. masobrivi informaciissaSualebebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobensazogadoebrivi azris CamoyalibebaSida im socialur normebze zemoqmedebaSi,romlebmac aseve SeiZleba moaxdinon gavlenaqcevaze. yvela regionSi sazogadoebamunda gaigos ojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb;saeTero dro unda daeTmos aRniSnulisakiTxebis gaSuqebas da unda moiZebnosgamosavali. sazogadoebaSi informaciisgavrcelebis gareSe rTuli iqneba farTomasStabianida xangrZlivi prevenciis damkvidrebada qceviTi normebis Secvla.bolo wlebis mniSvnelovani warmateba,romelsac aseve xeli Seuwyo winamdebarekvlevis procesma, iyo Tavad bavSvebis CabmagamokvlevaSi da amgvar kvlevaze damyarebulipropagandis gaCaReba. regionulikonsultaciebis dros bavSvebma yuradRebagaamaxviles imaze, rom maT, Cveulebriv,ar hqondaT SesaZlebloba, gamoexataTsakuTari Sexedulebebi an grZnobebiojaxSi maT mimarT Cadenil ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT. yvela regionSi arasamTavroboorganizaciebma daiwyes erToblivigamokvlevebis Catareba bavSvze ojaxuriZaladobis Sesaxeb. am gamokvleveb-Si CarTuli arian rogorc biWebi, asevegogonebi, ara respondentebis, aramedgamokvlevis Tanamonawileebis saxiT. imisgarda, rom es bavSvebs aZlevs SesaZleblobas,gamoTqvan azri mSoblebisa da sxvamzrunvelebis mxridan damsjeli zomebisSesaxeb, amgvari praqtika stimulia ojaxurZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli dumilisdasarRvevad da xels uwyobs bavSvebzeZaladobis da misi Sedegebis xasiaTis damasStabebis gacnobierebas. amgvari praqtikametad mniSvnelovania sazogadoebaSiinformaciis gavrclebis kampaniebisa daseminarebisaTvis. 203,204yvela regionul konsultaciaze ufrosebicda bavSvebic ambobdnen, rom saswrafod arissaWiro propagandis strategiis SemuSavebakulturuli normebis Sesacvlelad, racmiznad isaxavs bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisaRmofxvras. konsultaciebis da TematurisamuSao jgufebis mier miRebul dokumentebSixazgasmulia, rom propaganda mimarTuliunda iyos politikosebis, mSoblebisa dabavSvebisaken da rom qvemoT CamoTvlil TemebTandakavSirebuli propaganda daxmarebasgauwevda ojaxSi bavSvebis mimarT ZaladobisTavidan acilebas. es Temebia:••••••••••••••••bavSvis uflebebi, maT Soris,ufleba, daculi iyos Zaladobisyvela formisagan;fizikuri dasjis mavne Sedegebida sastiki an damamcirebelidasjis yvela forma, aseve imisaucilebloba, rom mSoblebmaTavianT SvilebTan daamyarondadebiTi, araZaladobriviurTierTobebi da iswavlonbavSvebis aRzrdis meTodebi;ojaxSi seqsualur Zaladobazedumilis darRveva;damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebisada winaswar Seqmnili azriswinaaRmdeg brZola, racSeamcirebs unarSezRudulibavSvebis Zaladobis winaSedaucvelobas;mavne tradiciuli Cveulebebi;Zaladoba genderuli niSniT;mamakacebisa da biWebis roliZaladobis prevenciaSi;adamianis imunodeficitisvirusis zegavlena bavSvebisstigmatizaciaze da Zaladobisgandaucvelobis gazrda.

3`tostanis~ midgoma2005 wlis noemberSi 70 soflis warmomadgenlebma senegalis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiTmdebare matamis regionidan monawileoba miiRes sajaro deklaraciisSemuSavebaSi, romlis Tanaxmad ikrZaleboda qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebada bavSvis iZulebiT qorwineba. matami Zalze konservatiuli regionia,sadac ramdenime wlis win amgvar Temebze laparakic ki warmoudgeneli iyo.aRniSnul RonisZiebas daeswro 300 km-iT dacilebuli soflebidan CamosuliaTasobiT adamiani. RonisZiebas aseve eswrebodnen cnobili adamianebi, maRalirangis moxeleebi, oficialuri da masobrivi saSualebebis warmomadgenlebi.soflis qalebma, mozardebma, beladebma, religiurma liderebma da saxelmwifoxelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma piroba dades, rom Seasrulebdnen deklaraciispirobebs. aRniSnuli deklaracia _ senegalSi miRebuli am tipis rigiT me-19deklaracia _ warmoadgens soflis doneze sazogadoebis ganaTlebis da propagandisprogramis saboloo etaps.aRniSnuli programa ganxorcielda `tostanis Temis uflebamosilebis gazrdisprogramis~ farglebSi da misi mizani iyo qalis sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebisda adreuli qorwinebis sayovelTao akrZalva qveynis masStabiT. 1997 wlidanmoyolebuli 1 628 Temma aiRo valdebuleba, bolo moeRo am praqtikisaTvis.tostanis strategia moicavs soflis komitetebis Camoyalibebas, soflis donezemecadineobebis Catarebas qalebis janmrTelobisa da uflebebis sakiTxebze damecadineobebze damswre wevrTa socialur mobilizacias. programa dasruldasajaro deklaraciis SemuSavebis ceremoniiT. es aRniSnuli procesis arsebiTinawilia, vinaidan amiT sazogadoebam Tanxmoba ganacxada cvlilebis miRebaze.2004 wels saxalxo sabWos mier Catarebuli Sefasebis Sedegad gamovlinda, romtostanis programam mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina im adamianebis codnasa darwmenaze, romlebic mecadineobebSi monawileobdnen, aseve maT garemocvaze.magaliTad, programaSi monawile ojaxebis aT wlamde da 10 wlis gogonebis wili,romlebsac ar mokveTes sasqeso organoebi, 46%-dan 60%-mde gaizarda, Tumcaisev 48% darCa sxva jgufebSi. gogonebSi sasqeso organoebis damaxinjebazeda mokveTaze Tanxmoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, xolo monawile qalebs Sorisis 75%-dan TiTqmis 25%-mde daeca. kidev erTi imedis momcemi aRmoCena is iyo,rom gamokvlevis monawileTa Soris mniSvnelovnad gaizarda adamianis uflebebisSesaxeb codna. im qalebis wili, romlebmac icodnen janmrTelobis dacvis,ganaTlebis da jansaRi garemos sakiTxebSi sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb, 11%-dan94%-mde, xolo mamakacebs Soris 41%-dan 92%-mde gaizarda. 208101bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

102bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSibavSvebma da mozardebma mniSvnelovaniroli unda Seasrulon im sakiTxebis propagandaSi,romlebic maT exeba (ix. Tavi ‘ZaladobabavSvebze TemSi~).mavne tradiciuli CveulebebisaRkveTamavne tradiciuli Cveulebebis aRkveTisakenmimarTulma RonisZiebebma cxadyo sxvadasxvadoneze Carevis mniSvneloba – mSoblebsda ojaxebs gauWirdebaT TavianTiqceviTi normebis Secvla, Tu ar Seicvlebanormebi da qcevebi farTo sazogadoebaSi.imisaTvis, rom bolo moeRos qalis sasqesoorganoebis damaxinjebas, saWiroa misimkveTrad akrZalva, ojaxebisa da sazogadoebisganaTleba da informaciis gavrceleba,aseve, sazogadoebis mobilizacia(ix. CanarTi). sazogadoebis azrovnebaSi,rwmenaSi, midgomasa da damkvidrebul wesSicvilebebis Setana warmatebis sawindaria. 205amisaTvis saWiroa strategiis SemuSavebapropagandisaTvis, romelSic monawileobasmiiReben religiuri organizaciebisa dasazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, janmrTelobisdacvis sferos specialistebi da sxvadasxvapirebi. mSoblebis an dedebis individualuraddarwmuneba sakmarisi ar aris;roca gogonebis statusi sazogadoebaSida qorwinebis SesaZlebloba damokidebuliaimaze, gakeTebuli aqvT Tu ara maT qalissasqeso organoebis damaxinjebis operacia,naklebad savaraudoa, rom dedebmaTavad Tqvan uari maTi qaliSvilebis operaciaze,miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad aqvTgamocdili es saSineleba. es gadawyvetilebaunda miiRos mTelma sazogadoebam dasazogadoebam unda icodes, rom analogiurad,sxva sazogadoebebic uars amboben amtradiciaze (ix. CanarTi).bavSvis qorwinebis problemis mogvarebisTvissaWiroa analogiuri Zalisxmeva,raTa cvlilebebi iqnes Setanili socialurda kulturul normebSi. aqamdebavSvis qorwinebaze zemoqmedebis da misiSemcirebis propagandis iniciativebisricxvi Zalze mcire iyo. imisaTvis, rom estradiacia daeZliaT, saWiro iyo gogonebisufro aqtiuri CarTva ganaTlebaSi daqorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli kanonebisamoqmedeba. qorwinebaSi myofi qalebis dabavSvebis uflebebis mimarT ufro SeTanxmebulmamoqmedebam axali perspeqtivebidasaxa. konkretulad, bavSvis qorwinebisSemcirebisaken mimarTuli zogierTi programarealizaciis procesSia da iwyebaaRniSnuli praqtikis winaaRmdeg mimarTulipropaganda. 206 magaliTad, iemenSi cotaxnis win daiwyo samoqalaqo sazogadoebisorganizaciaTa kampania bavSvis qorwinebiswinaaRmdeg, sanaas universitetis mierCatarebuli gamokvlevis safuZvelze. 207bevri sxva tradicia, romelic Zaladobasiwvevs da ziani moaqvs bavSvebisaTvis,saWiroebs gamoaSkaravebas da maTi aRkve-Tis Taobaze kampaniebis Catarebas. es arisbavSvebis gayidva seqsualuri an sxva saxiseqspluataciis mizniT; unarSezRudulibavSvebis, ojaxis gareSe darCenili bavSvebisan aiv/Sidsis Sedegad daoblebulibavSvebis stigmatizacia; seqsualuri Zaladobismsxverpli bavSvebi; jadoqrobaSibraldebuli bavSvebi; bavSvebi, romlebicsakuTarma mSoblebma moZRvrebsa da taZrebsSeswires.

3informaciis wyaroebisgaumjobeseba politikisSemuSavebisa da reagirebismizniTzusti da sarwmuno informacia ojaxSibavSvze Zaladobis mniSvnelobis da SedegebisSesaxeb arsebiTia mtkicebulebebzedafunebuli propagandisaTvis, politikisSemuSavebisTvis, resursebis gamoyofisada programis ganxorcielebisaTvis. kvlevisperiodSi mudmivad igrZnoboda monacemTanakleboba da es problema yvelazemwvaved idga ojaxisa da ojaxuri garemoskonteqstSi, gansakuTrebiT Zaladobisfaqtebis Setyobinebis Sesaxeb zemoaRniSnuliakrZalvis gamo, aseve am sakiTxissamecniero kvlevisaTvis arasakmarisi investiciebisgamo. erTi mxriv, saTanadomonacemebis gareSe SeuZlebelia reagirebisefeqtiani sistemebis SemuSaveba, meoremxriv ki, programuli reagireba im bavSvebismimarT, romlebic Zaladobas ganicdibavSvebSisasikvdilo SemTxvevebis ganxilvis jgufebiZaladobis Sedegad daxocil bavSvTa umravlesoba mcirewlovania. daaxloebiT40% kvdeba Cvil asakSi, xolo 80% _ 6 wlamde asakSi. sikvdilis yvelaze gavrcelebuliSemTxvevaa Tavis travma, Semdegi ki sxeulze Zlieri dartymiT miyenebulitravma. zogjer Znelia imis dadgena, Tu rogor gardaicvala bavSvi,rodesac acxadeben, rom igi `daeca~.bavSvebSi sasikvdilo SemTxvevebis ganxilvis pirveli jgufi 1978 wels Camoyalibdalos-anJelesSi da mas sponsorobas uwevda los-anJelesis olqis bavSvebzeZaladobis da ugulebelyofis uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo. mis SemadgenlobaSiSediodnen gamomZiebeli, policiis, socialuri samsaxurebis warmomadgenlebi,sasamarTlos, janmrTelobis dacvis sferos TanamSromlebi. bavSvebze Zaladobisda ugulebelyofis uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo mogvianebiT gadakeTda sasikvdiloSemTxvevaTa erovnul centrad da mas mohyva sxva jgufebi, romlebsac daematnenmaswavleblebi, fsiqikuri janmrTelobis sferos muSakebi da zogjer sazogadoebiswarmomadgenlebi. aRniSnuli jgufi awyobs Sexvedrebs, romlebzecganixilaven mcirewlovani bavSvebis sikvdilianobis SemTxvevebs, roca samedicinodaskvna sadavoa; amgvarad xdeba sxvadasxva daskvnis Tavmoyra da saidumloebiTmoculi SemTxveva SeiZleba gadaiWras.2001 wlisaTvis daaxloebiT 1000 jgufi iyo Seqmnili avstraliaSi, kanadaSi,axal zelandiasa da aSS-Si. am cota xnis win filipinebzec Seiqmna stacionarulbazaze Seqmnili modeli, romelic SeiZleba ufro kargad ganviTarebad qveynebsmoergos. saerTaSoriso samuSao qseli daukavSirda bavSvebze Zaladobis da ugulebelyofisuwyebaTaSoris sabWos da daiwyo programebi CineTSi, estoneT-Si, islandiaSi, iranis islamur respublikaSi, iaponiaSi, iordaniaSi, libanSi,niderlandebsa da gaerTianebul samefoSi. 209103bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

codnis bazis gaumjobeseba indoeTSi – qveynis masStabiTCatarebuli gamokvleva bavSvebze Zaladobis Sesaxeb104bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSiindoeTSi qmediT zomebs iReben bavSvebis dasacavad. 2005 wels qalis da bavSvisganviTarebis departamentis iniciativiT qveynis masStabiT Catarebulmagamokvlevam bavSvze Zaladobis sakiTxebSi moicva qveynis uzarmazari qseli. erTerTipirveli mniSvnelovani qmedeba iyo qveynis doneze Catarebuli konsultaciabavSvebze Zaladobis Temaze, romelic niu deliSi 2005 wlis aprilSi Catarda.konsultaciis procesSi ganixiles sxvadasxva sakiTxi, romlebic dakavSirebuliiyo proeqtis formulirebasTan, maT Soris, am proeqtSi bavSvebze Zaladobiscnebasa da meTodologiis gansazRvrasTan, monacemTa Sesagrovebladdokumentebis SemuSavebasTan da sxvadasxva kategoriis respondentTaidentificirebasTan dakavSirebiT. am konsultaciaSi monawileobdneneqspertebi indoeTidan da sxvadasxva profesiis warmomadgenlebi, raTaerTmaneTisaTvis gaeziarebinaT Sexedulebebi yvelasaTvis saerTo sakiTxze,romelic bavSvebze Zaladobas exeboda. eqspertebs Soris iyvnen akademikosebi,socialuri samsaxurebis muSakebi, aqtivistebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebiswarmomadgenlebi, maswavleblebi, mkvlevarebi, policiisa da sasamarTlosTanamSromlebi, warmomadgenlebi damfinansebeli uwyebebidan, rogoricaaiunisefi, “Save the Children”, USAID, US Agency, Plan International, Catholic ReliefServices, Sari Equity da sxv.gamokiTxul iyo 17 500 respondenti, aqedan 12 500 _ bavSvi, 2 500 _ srulwlovaniaxalgazrda da 2 500 _ sxva dainteresebuli piri. bavSv-respondentebs Sorisiyvenen bavSvebi, romlebic quCaSi cxovroben, romlebic muSaoben, romlebicskolaSi swavloben, romlebic zrunvis dawesebulebaSi arian moTavsebulida romlebic ojaxebSi cxovroben da skolaSi ar dadian. meTodologiisnawili gulisxmobda seminarebze fokus-jgufebis diskusias bavSvebTan,romlis saSualebiTac gamomJRavndeboda Zaladobis sxvadasxva formis yvelaindikatori; gaTvaliswinebuli iyo konfidencialuroba da eTikuri normebi.proeqti Tavidanve emsaxureboda propagandas da sazogadoebaSi informaciisgavrcelebas. es metad sasargeblo iyo im qveynis poziciisTvis, sadac yvelamicis, rom arsebobs bavSvze Zaladoba, magram am Temaze sajarod jer kidevnaklebad saubroben. proeqtSi amdeni eqspertis monawileobis Sedegad gaizardagacnobierebis masStabi da bavSvebze Zaladobis manamde tabudadebulisakiTxebi ufro metad gaxda Ria diskusiebis sagani. Sedegebis analizis miRebamosalodnelia2006 wlis bolosTvis. 210

3an, ver daelodeba monacemTa sistematurdamuSavebas, roca qveynis an saxelmwifosSesaZleblobebi am mimarTulebiT Sez-Rudulia an resursebis naklebobaa.monacemebis uwyveti Segroveba da oficialuradSetyobinebuli SemTxvevebisanalizi sasargeblo iqneba momsaxurebisgamoyenebisa da, zog SemTxvevaSi, gavrcelebistendenciis gamosavlenad. Tumca,vinaidan es sistemebi eyrdnoba xelisuflebisyuramde mitanil SemTxvevebs, xolobavSvebi xSirad ise itanjebian ojaxuriZaladobisagan, rom amas aravis umxelen,oficialurad gacxadebul SemTxvevebzedamyarebuli dakvirvebis sistemebi yovelTvissaTanadod ver warmoadgens aRniSnuliproblemis masStabs. oficialuradgacxadebul SemTxvevebze dakvirvebas Tanunda axldes mosaxleobaSi CatarebuligamokiTxvebi, romlebic dokumenturadadasturebs bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobasda im Sedegebs, romlebic maT mTeli cxovrebismanZilze mihyveba. analogiurad,bavSvebis mimarT Cadenili damRupveliZaladobis swori gaazreba dadebiT SedegsgamoiRebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sikvdilianobis,gamoZiebis da Zaladobis faqtebis Setyobinebissistemebis kompleqsuri registraciaganxorcieldeba (ix. CanarTi).mcire moculobis xarisxobrivi gamokvlevebi,aseve gamokvlevebi, romlebicSesaferis SerCevas iyeneben (magaliTad,ojaxebi, romlebic mimarTaven socialursamsaxurebs) metad mniSvnelovania bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis problemis dokumenturidadasturebis da marTvisaTvis.Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvebis mimarTojaxuri Zaladobis magaliTebis detaluradgasaazreblad saWiroa imgvari gamokvlevebisCatareba, romlebic moicavs mTelmosaxleobas da romlebic drodadro meordeba.bavSvebTan, mSoblebTan da sxva mzrunvelpirebTan konfidencialuri interviuebisCatarebam SeiZleba dadebiTi wvlili SeitanosojaxSi da ojaxur garemoSi Zaladobisyvela formis gaazrebaSi. rasakvirvelia,unda arsebobdes eTikuri garantiebi,raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos am bavSvebisdacva. aseve mniSvnelovania retrospeqtuligamokvlevebi, interviuebis aRebasrulwlovani axalgazrdebisgan maTi bavSvobiswlebis Sesaxeb, magram aRniSnuli interviuebiarafers ambobs imis Sesaxeb, Tura dReSi arian bavSvebi dRes da SeiZlebadamaxinjebuli informacia Segviqmnanadreuli bavSvobis wlebze, roca Zaladobisesa Tu is forma yvelaze metad arisgavrcelebuli.monacemTa Segrovebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovanimizania propaganda, gansakuTrebiT imqveynebsa da regionebSi, sadac Zaladobasojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi uaryofen anmasze sajarod ar laparakoben. saWiroagadawyvetilebis mimReb pirTa darwmuneba,rom bavSvze Zaladobis masStabebi gacilebiTdidia, vidre maT hgoniaT an undaT,rom aRiaron, da rom saWiroa gadaudebelizomebis miReba. arasamTavrobo organizaciebisda saerTaSoriso daxmarebis saagentoebismcdelobebi, moipovon informaciada gamoaqveynon Sedegebi im bavSvebis Sesaxeb,romlebic Zaladobis winaSe dganan,xSirad pirveli gadadgmuli nabijia immimarTulebiT, rom kulturuli an politikurimniSvnelobis sakiTxi saaSkaraozeiqnes gamotanili, aRiarebuli iyos da sa-Tanado zomebi iqnes miRebuli.105bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

106bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSirekomendaciebiqvemoT Camoyalibebuli rekomendaciebieyrdnoba monawile saxelmwifoebis mieradamianis uflebebis sferoSi bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciisa da sxva dokumentebissafuZvelze nakisr valdebulebebs,aseve gamokvlevebis Sedegebs da arsebulpraqtikas. aRniSnuli valdebulebebisTanaxmad, Tu bavSvebis aRzrdis mTavariroli ojaxs ekisreba, saxelmwifoebisvaldebulebaa, uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvebiyvelgan, maT Soris, ojaxSic, daculiiyvnen Zaladobisagan, xolo ZaladobisSemTxvevaSi moxdes efeqtiani reagireba.amis garda, saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian,mSoblebs aRmouCinon saTanado daxmarebada mxardaWera.prioritetulia prevencia1. imis uzrunvelyofa, rom kompleqsurisistemebi Zaladobis prevenciisTvisda bavSvebis dacvisTvis amoqmeddesfarTo masStabiT, imgvarad,rom pativi sces bavSvebs da maT ojaxebs,maT Rirsebas da xelSeuxeblobasda gogonebisa da biWebis ganviTarebissaWiroebebs. saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom Zaladobaze reagirebissistemebma koordinirebulad imoqmedon.maTi mizani unda iyos Zaladobisprevencia da adreul etapze Careva,isini dakavSirebuli unda iyvnen integrirebulsamsaxurebTan, romlebicmoicaven sakanonmdeblo, saganmanaTleblo,marTlmsajulebis, socialur,janmrTelobis dacvis, dasaqmebis dasxva Sesabamis samsaxurebs. gasaTvaliswinebeliabavSvis Sexedulebebi yvelaim gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, romlebicmaT exeba. saxelmwifoTa valdebulebaa,SeimuSaon dadasturebul informaciazedamyarebuli standartebi,raTa xeli Seuwyon efeqtian da saTuTzrunvas bavSvebis mimarT qveynis yvelanawilSi.socialuri done2. bavSvebze da maT ojaxebze saxelmwifopolitikis zemoqmedebis Sefaseba.saxelmwifoebma unda Caataronsocialuri gavlenis Sefaseba, romelicgansakuTrebul yuradRebas dauTmobsbavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze,gansakuTrebiT _ diskriminaciaze,socialur da ekonomikur stresebsa dasxva risk-faqtorebze, romlebic ukav-Sirdeba bavSvebis mimarT ojaxur Zaladobas,saxelmwifo politikis potenciurgavlenas. Sedegebis saSualebiTgamoiyofa prioritetebi ekonomikurida socialuri dacvis qselebis Sesaqmnelad,rac ojaxebs pirdapir sargebelsmoutans.3. ojaxebis ekonomikuri da socialuridacvis qselebis gafarToeba. am qselebSiigulisxmeba ojaxebis mxardam-Weri centrebi, romlebsac krizisulsituaciebSic ki SeuZliaT daxmarebisgaweva; isini xels unda uwyobdnen mxardamWeriqselebis Seqmnas bavSvze zrunvismaRali xarisxis dawesebulebebisda skolamdeli aRzrdis programebisgaumjobesebis saSualebiT; dasvenebisda reabilitaciis programebis saSualebiTim ojaxebisaTvis, romlebicgansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSiarian; aseve unda iTvaliswinebdneniseT mniSvnelovan faqtorebs, rogoricaris ganaTleba, sacxovrebeli pi-

3robebiT uzrunvelyofa, dasaqmeba, socialuripolitika da SesaZleblobebi.4. dadasturebul informaciaze dafuZnebuliZaladobis prevenciispropagandis programebis ganxorcieleba.sazogadoebis da Temis donezesaxelmwifoebma mxari unda dauWiron imstrategiebs, romelTa mizania bavSvisuflebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebada socialuri da kulturulinormebis, genderuli Tanasworobis/Tanabari uflebebis da diskriminaciisgamoricxvis principis xelSewyoba. amgvariprogramebi mimarTuli unda iyossaxelmwifo seqtoris TanamSromlebis,maT Soris, policiis, marTlmsajulebissistemis TanamSromlebis, aRmzrdelebis,pedagogebis, janmrTelobisdacvis sferos muSakebisa da kerZoseqtoris warmomadgenlebis, asevemSoblebisa da farTo sazogadoebis mimarT.saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian,daiwyon da mxari dauWiron informaciisgavrcelebis kampaniebs, romlebicxels Seuwyobs bavSvebTan araZaladobriviurTierTobebis da kontaqtebisdamyarebas, aseve mamakacebis da biWebispozitiur CarTvas ojaxur cxovrebaSi.sakanonmdeblo zomebi5. sakanonmdeblo da maregulirebeliwesebis mkafiod Camoyalibebulibazis SemuSaveba, romelSic akrZalulida uaryofili iqneba bavSvebismimarT ojaxuri Zaladobis yvelaforma. saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian,akrZalon da aRmofxvran ojaxSi,aseve sxva garemoSi bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis yvela forma. es gulisxmobsyvelanair mavne tradiciul praqtikas,seqsualur Zaladobas da yevla saxisfizikur dasjas bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciisda adamianis uflebaTa sxva dokumentebisSesabamisad (ix. komitetiszogadi komentari fizikuri dasjisSesaxeb, #8, 2006 wlis ivnisi). saWiroadetaluri miTiTebebisa da treningebisCatareba, raTa kanoni bavSvis interesebidangamomdinare ganxorcieldes.bavSvebis mimarT dadebiTi, araZaladobriviurTierTobebis xelSesawyobadsakanonmdeblo reforma dakavSirebuliunda iyos sazogadoebaSi propagandisda informaciis gavrcelebisRonisZiebebTan.6. uzrunvelyofili unda iyos, romojaxur saqmeebTan dakavSirebulisasamarTloebi da marTmsajulebissxva sistemebi gagebiT moepyron bavSvebisda maTi ojaxebis saWiroebebs.saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom Zaladobis msxverplma bavSvebmasasamarTlo procesis dros kvlav msxverpladar igrZnon Tavi an ar gaxdnengadavadebuli da xangrZlivi sasamarTloprocesebis obieqtebi. Zaladobismsxverpli bavSvebis mimarT saWiroayuradRebiani da gulisxmieri damokidebulebamTeli sasamarTlo procesisganmavlobaSi. gaTvaliswinebuliunda iyos maTi individualuri situaciada gadaudebeli saWiroebebi, asaki,sqesi, unarSezRuduloba da mowifulobisdone, sruli pativiscema undagamoviCinoT maTi fizikuri, fsiqikurida moraluri xelSeuxeblobis mimarT.kerZod, saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom gamoZiebebis, kanonis aRsrulebis,sisxlis samarTlebrividevnisa da sasamarTlo procesebismimdinareobisas mxedvelobaSi iqnesmiRebuli bavSvis saWiroebebi da gaT-107bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

108bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSivaliswinebul iqnes saxelmZRvanelomiTiTebebi ‘msxverpli bavSvebisa dadanaSaulis mowme bavSvebisTvis mar-Tlmsajulebis Sesaxeb~ (ekonomikur dasocialur sakiTxTa komitetis rezolucia2005/20). am SemTxvevaSi mTeliam sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSibavSvs Tan unda axldes ndobiT aRWurviliufrosi piri, Tu es bavSvis interesebSia;daculi unda iyos bavSvisvinaoba da piradi cxovreba; daculiunda iyos konfidencialuroba; sasamarTloprocesis dros bavSvi ar undagaxdes gadaWarbebuli interviuebis,gancxadebebis, saqmis mosmenisa da arasaWirokontaqtebis obieqti.mxedvelobaSia misaRebi winaswar Cawerilivideomasalisa da mowmis CvenebisaRebis sxva damxmare saSualebebis(magaliTad: ekrani an sakabelo televizia)gamoyeneba; aseve, ar unda dauSvanarasaWiro kontaqtebi Zaladobis CamdenpirTan an mis dacvasTan. kerZod, Tues dasaSvebia sakanonmdeblo sistemiTda iTvaliswinebs dacvis mxaris uflebebissaTanado pativiscemas, profesionalebmaunda uzrunvelyon, romZaladobis msxverpli bavSvi daculiiyos arasaWiro jvaredini dakiTxvisagan,rom sazogadoebis farTo fenebida mediis warmomadgenlebi ar eswrebodnensasamarTlo darbazSi bavSvisCvenebis micemis dros da rom meurveebssasamarTloSi (ad litem) SeeZloT bavSviskanonieri interesebis dacva. aseveuzrunvelyofili unda iyos dauyovnebelisasamarTlo garCevebi, garda imSemTxvevebisa, roca saqmis gadadebabavSvis interesebSia.koordinirebuli reagirebis gaZliereba7. mSobiarobamde da mSobiarobis SemdegperiodSi zrunvis da ojaxSi monaxulebisprogramebi, romlebic mimarTuliaadreul etapze bavSvis ganviTarebisoptimizaciisaken. aRniSnuliRonisZiebebi miznad isaxavs ojaxisada Temis SesaZleblobis gaZlierebas,raTa xeli Seuwyon bavSvis jansaR ganviTarebas,aseve miznad isaxavs problemebismqone ojaxebis droul identificirebasda maTTvis daxmarebisgawevas. saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom amgvari programebi Seicavdesinformacias mSobelsa da SvilsSoris siaxlovisa da Cvili da mcirewlovanibavSvebis fizikuri, fsiqikurida SemecnebiTi ganviTarebis, asevekulturuli faqtorebis mimarT yuradRebismniSvnelobaze.8. qveynisaTvis kulturuli TvalsazrisiTSesaferisi da genderulispecifikis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavebulimSoblobis programebida programebi, romlebic exmarebaojaxebs araZaladobrivi garemos SeqmnaSi.saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom aRniSnul programebSi Setaniliiyos Semdegi mniSvnelovani komponentebi:mSoblebsa da bavSvebs Sorissiaxlovis mniSvneloba, Cvilebis,bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis fizikuri,fsiqologiuri, seqsualuri da SemecnebiTiganviTarebis gageba socialurida kulturuli faqtorebis konteqst-Si; mamebsa da dedebSi bavSvis aRzrdisunar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, araZaladobriviurTierTobebis da dasjisaraZaladobrivi formebis xelSewyobisCaTvliT, problemis gadawyvetisunar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da ojax-

3uri konfliqtebis marTva; yuradRebisgamaxvileba genderul stereotipebzeda ojaxur cxovrebaSi mamakacebisa dabiWebis CarTva. saxelmwifoebma undaSeimuSaon amgvari programebi adamianisuflebaTa normebis Sesabamisadda maTi efeqtianobis mecnieruli dasabuTebisgaTvaliswinebiT.9. ojaxSi gansakuTrebiT daucvelibavSvebis dacva da genderuli sakiTxebisgaTvaliswineba. saxelmwifoebmaunda uzrunvelyon, rom yvelanairkvlevaSi, prevenciul programasa dareagirebis iniciativebSi, romlebicexeba ojaxs, yuradReba gamaxvildesim bavSvebis mdgomareobaze da maT winaSearsebul riskebze, romlebic gansakuTrebiTdaucveli arian Zaladobisagan.igulisxmeba: unarSezRudulibavSvebi, ltolvili da sxva iZulebiTgadaadgilebuli bavSvebi, bavSvebi umciresobaTajgufebidan, mSoblebismzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebi daaiv/SidsiT dazaralebuli bavSvebi.saWiroa gansakuTrebuli zomebis miRebaim sxvadasxva riskis gacnobierebisada reagirebisaTvis, romelTa winaSecSeiZleba dadgnen gogonebi da biWebi.aseve sayuradReboa maskulinizmisgageba da gogonebisa da biWebis miergancdili Zaladobis Sesaxeb Camoyalibebuligenderuli stereotipebi.SesaZleblobaTa ganviTareba10. bavSvebTan da maT ojaxebTan momuSavepirebis SesaZleblobaTa ganviTareba.saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon,rom profesionalebma daaraprofesionalebma, romlebic bavSvebTanda maT ojaxebTan muSaoben, gaiaronsaTanado treningi da aimaRlonkvalifikacia, romelic moicavs Ziri-Tad informacias bavSvTa uflebebisada kanonmdeblobis, bavSvebze Zaladobis,misi prevenciis, adreul stadiazemisi gamovlenisa da masze reagirebis,konfliqtis araZaladobrivi saSualebebiTmarTvisa da bavSvTa uflebebisSesaxeb. garda amisa, bavSvebTanmomuSave pirebs unda hqondeT mkafiowarmodgena bavSvebis da axalgazrdebisfizikur, sqesobriv, fsiqikur daSemecnebiT ganviTarebaze, gendersada Zaladobas Soris mimarTebaze. xeliunda Seewyos, agreTve, konkretuliunar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas bavSvebTanurTierTobisTvis da maTi CarTvisTvisim gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi, romlebicmaTze axdens gavlenas.sainformacio sistemebis damkvidreba11. samoqalaqo registraciis sayovel-Tao warmoeba, maT Soris, dabadebis,sikvdilis da qorwinebis registracia.saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyonTavisufali da xelmisawvdomiufaso samoqalaqo registracia. undagauqmdes jarimebi dagvianebuli registraciisaTvis.unda moewyos aRniSnuliprocesis farTo propaganda daigi unda ganxorcieldes adgilobrivmTavrobasTan, saavadmyofoebTan,profesionalebTan da tradiciulimSobiarobis damxmare personalTan,policiasTan, religiur da Temebis liderebTanda sxva partniorebTan Tanam-SromlobiT, raTa yvelam gaacnobieroses procesi.12. bavSvebis mimarT ojaxur ZaladobasTandakavSirebiT saxelmwifomasStabis kvlevis programis SemuSaveba.saxelmwifoebma unda dasaxon109bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSi

110bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba ojaxsa da ojaxur garemoSierovnuli prioritetebi kvlevisaTvis,romelic sainformacio sistemebs detaluri,raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivigamokvlevebis monacemebiT Seavsebs.saerTaSoriso indikatorebsa da standartebzedayrdnobiT saxelmwifoebmada maTma partniorebma unda gaaZlieronsainformacio sistemebi: maT undaSemoiRon gaumjobesebuli dakvirvebaojaxSi bavSvebze Zaladobis SetyobinebulSemTxvevebze da mosaxleobaSiCaataron kvleva, romelSic Seva bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis gavrcelebismasStabis Sefaseba. ZaladobasTandakavSirebuli risk-faqtorebi da damcavifaqtorebi SeiZleba aseve SefasdesbavSvobis asakis retrospeqtiuligamokvlevebiT da srulwlovani axalgazrdebisaganinterviuebis aRebiT.unda moxdes monacemTa daxarisxeba(klasificireba), raTa naTlad gamoCndessxvadasxva asakis gogonebisa dabiWebis gamocdileba ZaladobasTan damis daZlevasTan dakavSirebiT, aseve imsituaciebTan dakavSirebiT, romleb-Sic bavSvebi vardebian, da mkafiod warmoCindesmaT winaSe arsebuli risk-faqtorebida damcavi faqtorebi. amgvarizomebi unda Seicavdes konfidencialurinterviuebs bavSvebTan, amasTanave,gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmosdaucvel jgufebs, maT ojaxebsa damSoblebs, sxva mzrunvelebs, ufrosiasakis pirebs. unda damkvidrdes sa-Tanado eTikuri garantiebi. Segroviliinformacia farTod unda gavrceldes,raTa safuZvlad daedos saxelmwifopolitikas da Zaladobaze reagirebas.literatura1.UNICEF (2003). A League Table of ChildMaltreatment Deaths in Rich Nations.Innocenti Report Card, No. 5. Florence,UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.2. Yoder PS et al. (2004). Female GenitalCutting in the Demographic Health Surveys:A Critical and Comparative analysis.Calverton, ORC Marco.3. UNICEF (2003). Female Genital Cuttingin Somalia: Reasons for Continuation andRecommendations for Eradication. UNICEFSomalia. wyaro: UNICEF Somalia (2003).From Perception to Reality: A Study onChild Protection in Somalia, Tavi 3. UNICEFSomalia.4.Committee on the Rights of the Child (2006).General Comment No. 8. The Right of theChild to Protection from Corporal Punishmentand Other Cruel or Degrading Forms ofPunishment (statiebi: 19, 28 (2) da 37),CRC/C/GC/8.5. UN Habitat (2006). State of the World’sCities Report 2006/7. Nairobi, UN Habitat.ix.: http://www.unhabitat.org/mediacentre/documents/sowcr2006/SOWCR%201.pdf.6. UN Habitat (2006). State of the World’sCities Report 2006/7. Nairobi, UN Habitat.ix.: http://www.unhabitat.org/mediacentre/documents/sowcr2006/SOWCR%201.pdf.7. Krug EG et al. (Eds) (2002). World Report onViolence and Health. Geneva, World HealthOrganization.Molyneux M (2004).8. Poverty ReliefProgrammes and the ‘New Social Policy inLatin America’: Women and CommunityCarework. UNRISD Project on Gender andSocial Policy, Mimeo, Geneva, UNRISD.wyaro: UNRISD (2005). Gender Equality:

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4Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarTskolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiSesavali 127adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebriviinstrumentebi 129zogadi mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba 131problemis xasiaTi da masStabi 132skolebSi arsebuli Zaladobis formebi 132fizikuri da fsiqologiuri dasja 133kavSiri diskriminaciasTan da sqesobrivi niSniTZaladobasTan 134seqsualuri Zaladoba da Zaladoba sqesobrivi niSniT 135aiv/Sidsi da seqsualuri Zaladoba 136daSineba da Cagvra 138daSineba/Cagvra bavSvis sqesisa da seqsualuriorientaciis gamo 138daSinebis/Cagvris masStabi 139ratom ver axerxeben skolebi daZlion Cagvra/daSineba 141Cxubi, fizikuri Seuracxyofa da bandebi 141mkvleloba da sxeulis mZime dazianeba 144iaraRi skolebSi 144skolaSi Zaladobis zegavlena 146zegavlena janmrTelobaze 146sxvadasxva saxis socialuri zegavlena 147zegavlena ganaTlebaze 148faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens Zaladobaze 149risk-faqtorebi 149gamZleoba da sxva damcavi faqtorebi 150sistematuri reagireba Zaladobis gamovlenaze 151bavSvebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT daucveliarian Zaladobis winaSe 151125Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

126Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSigogonebis gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba 154reagireba skolebsa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSibavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze 157kanonmdebloba da kanonebis ganxorcieleba 158bavSvebis uflebebze orientirebuli strategiebida programebi 160lideroba da strategiis SemuSaveba 161skolis personalis mxardaWera 162bavSvebis monawileoba 164muSaoba mSoblebTan da TemebTan erTad 165konstruqciuli disciplinis zomebi bavSvebisaTvis 168Cagvra/daSineba: prevencia da reagireba 169Zaladoba genderul da seqsualur niadagze: prevencia dareagireba 169skolis programa: ra da rogor unda iswavlebodes 170usafrTxo da mimzidveli adgilebis Seqmna 172kvleva da Sefaseba 173rekomendaciebi 174gamoyenebuli literatura 178

`Zaladobis Tavidan asacileblad unda mogvisminon, unda gvqondes ekonomikuri,samuSao da swavlis SesaZleblobebi. Cven unda SegveZlos gavaumjobesoT Cvenicxovrebis xarisxi da vicxovroT Zaladobisagan Tavisufal garemoSi~.mozardi biWebi, laTinuri amerika I4SesavalibavSvebi ufrosebis mzrunvelobis qveSgacilebiT met dros atareben skolamdeldawesebulebebSi, skolebSi, profesiulsaswavleblebsa da sxva saganmanaTleblodawesebulebebSi, vidre sxvagan, saxlisgareT. mSoblebis msgavsad, ufrosebi,romlebic zedamxedveloben, marTven damuSaoben am dawesebulebebSi, valdebuliarian Seqmnan usafrTxo da mzrunvelobiTaRsavse garemo, romelic xels uwyobsda exmareba bavSvebis ganaTlebas da ganviTarebas.maTi movaleobaa, aRzrdis sa-SualebiT uzrunvelyon bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobiTaRsavse adamianebad Camoyalibeba,romlebic ixelmZRvaneleben iseTifaseulobebiT, rogoricaa araZaladobrivicxovreba, sqesobrivi Tanasworoba,diskriminaciasTan brZola, mimteveblobada urTierTpativiscema. am faseulobebsemxrobian mTavrobebi, roca axdenen bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciisa da adamianisuflebaTa sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebisratificirebas, skolebsa da sxva dawesebulebebSibavSvebis yvela formis Zaladobisagandacvis valdebulebebis aRebasTanerTad; aqve igulisxmeba mkafiod Camoyalibebulisakanonmdeblo safuZvlis Seqmna,romelic krZalavs da akavebs Zaladobisyvela formas; aseve, Zaladobis winaaRmdegyvela sxva saWiro zomis miReba.Zaladobis Tavidan acileba skolebSi SesaZlebelia,xolo mis mimarT mimtevebluridamokidebuleba _ dauSvebeli. sinamdvileSimravali milioni bavSvi skolaSi(gamoiyeneba, rogorc saerTo termini yvelasaswavlo dawesebulebisaTvis) dgas maTmimarT (sxva bavSvebis mxridan) Zaladobisgamoyenebis winaSe, riTac irRveva maTiuflebebi, maT Soris, ganaTlebis miRebisuflebac. yvela regionul sakonsultacioSexvedraze, romelic Catarda zemoxsenebulikvlevis CarCoebSi, aseve miRebulbevr angariSSi bavSvebi adasturebdnen, Turogor moqmedebs Zaladoba maT SesaZleblobebze:skolaSi da skolidan siarulze,skolaSi kargad da imden xans swavlaze,ramdenic saWiroa sasargeblo SedegebismisaRebad. 1,2,3sazogadoebis warmodgena skolebSi arsebulZaladobaze ZiriTadad eyrdnobamasobrivi informaciis saSualebebis miermowodebul cnobebs skolebSi Seqmnil sagangebosituaciebze _ srola, skolebzeganxorcielebuli ieriSi an masobrivi mkvleloba.magram amgvari situacia sakmaodiSviaTia. ufro xSiria Zaladoba im formebiT,romlebsac ar acxadeben da romelTamimarT arsebobs imdenad Semwynarebluridamokidebuleba sazogadoebis, policiisada sakanonmdeblo organoebis mxridan,rom maTi Seswavla da ganxilva arc ki miiCnevasaWirod.iq, sadac mtrulia sazogadoebis socialurida fizikuri garemo, naklebsavaraudoa,rom saskolo garemo iyos sxvagvari.skolebSi arsebuli Zaladobis sisastikeda magaliTebi xSirad asaxavs qveyanaSi, sazogadoebasada ojaxebSi arsebuli Zaladobissisastikesa da magaliTebs, romlebic,Tavis mxriv, asaxaven gabatonebulpolitikur da socialur-ekonomikur pirobebs,sazogadoebis damokidebulebas,kulturul tradiciebsa da faseulobebs,kanonebsa da kanonis aRsrulebas. iq, sadackanonieri, misaRebi da, SeiZleba, misasalmebeliciyos mamakacTa mier qalebiskontroli, mdidarTa da privilegirebulTamier Raribi da daucveli adamianebismarTva, mSoblebis mier bavSvebze zedamxedvelobafizikuri Zalis gamoyenebismuqariT, maSin SeiZleba kanonierad, mis-127Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

128Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiaRebad da misasalmebladac ki CaiTvalosrogorc mozrdilebis, aseve bavSvebis mieramgvari meTodebis gamoyeneba skolebSi. 4,5,6bavSvebi, xdebian ra Zaladobis msxverpli,Camdeni da TviTmxilveli, swavloben, romZaladoba misaRebia Zlieri da agresiuliadamianebisaTvis maTTvis sasurvelis misaRwevadmaTze susti, pasiuri da mSvidobianiadamianebisagan.skolebis unikaluri daniSnulebaa ZaladobismagaliTebis sawinaaRmdegod bavSvebisaTvis,maTi mSoblebisa da TemebisTvisurTierTobebis, molaparakebebisa daufro konstruqciuli gzebiT konfliqtebismogvarebis swavleba da saTanado unar-Cvevebisgadacema. miuxedavad amisa,Zaladobis magaliTebi xSirad skolis kulturulicxovrebis nawilia, zogjer impolitikis saxiT, romelsac mxars uWers dastimuls aZlevs garkveuli Teoriebi bavSvisganviTarebasa da swavlaze.skolebSi momxdari Zaladobis TiTqmisyvela faqti, miuxedavad imisa, Zaladobasmozrdilebi sCadian Tu bavSvebi, asaxavs`farul kurss~, romelic mxars uWers sqes-Ta Soris uTanasworobas da stereotipebisSeqmnas. magaliTad, biWebi dascinian erTmaneTsmamakacuri Tvisebebis uqonlobisgamo da seqsualuri xasiaTis sityvebiT dafizikuri qmedebebiT aviwroeben gogonebs.vaJebis fizikuri dasja ufro xSiri da sastikia,vidre gogonebisa. mamakac maswavlebelTada biWebis seqsualuri agresia xSiradaixsneba Semdegnairad: `ra moxda, biWebiarian!~, xolo gogonebs adanaSauleben,rom yovelive es `maTi saqcieliT iyo ganpirobebuli~.igulisxmeba, rom mamakacebisaganunda moiTxovebodes uxeSoba, zogadida seqsualuri TviTdajerebuloba, isinimzad unda iyvnen uxeS samyaroSi sacxovreblad,xolo qalebi saWiroeben dacvas,unda iyvnen pasiurebi da araagresiulebi,gasakuTrebiT seqsualuri Tvalsaz-`ganaTleba yvelasaTvis~ da `aTaswleulis ganviTarebismiznebi~2000 wlis aprilSi msoflios ganaTlebis forumma, romelic Catarda dakarSi,senegalSi, miiRo dakaris samoqmedo programa `ganaTleba yvelasaTvis~gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli eqvsi miznis misaRwevad. 13,14,15 2000 wlis seqtemberSi`aTaswleulis deklaraciaSi~ Camoyalibebuli iqna lozungis `ganaTlebayvelasaTvis~ ori mizani, rogorc aTaswleulis ganviTarebis rva miznisSemadgeneli ori mizani. me-2 mizani acxadebs, rom 2015 wlisaTvis yvelabavSvisaTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos xarisxiani, ufaso da savaldebulodawyebiTi ganaTleba. me-3 miznis Sesabamisad, 2005 wlisaTvis miRweuli undaiqnes Tanasworoba sqesTa Soris dawyebiT da saSualo saswavlo dawesebulebebSi,xolo 2015 wlisaTvis sqesTa Soris Tanasworobis miRweva ganaTlebis yveladonezea miznad dasaxuli. es ori mizani warmoadgens specialur ganrigs, romlismoxedviTac unda iqnes realizebuli bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT moTxovnili.`bavSvis ufleba, miiRos ganaTleba… am uflebis progresuli gziT da TanabarSesaZleblobaTa safuZvelze mopovebiT~.

4adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebriviinstrumentebiekonomikur da socialur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me-13 muxlis msgavsad,romelic iTvaliswinebs yvela adamianis uflebas ganaTlebis miRebaze, bavSvisuflebaTa konvencia aRiarebs `bavSvis uflebas, miiRos ganaTleba… am uflebisprogresuli gziT da Tanabar SesaZleblobaTa safuZvelze mopovebiT~. 28-emuxlis pirveli punqti Seicavs monawile qveynebis valdebulebebs, romlebiciTvaliswinebs, rom dawyebiTi ganaTleba yvelasaTvis savaldebulo da ufasounda iyos da mouwodebs saSualo ganaTlebis imgvari sxvadasxva formisganviTarebisken, romlebic iqneba ufaso anda, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,uzrunvelyofili finansuri daxmarebiT, mouwodebs, agreTve, umaRlesiganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobisken yvelasaTvis arsebuli SesaZleblobebissafuZvelze. 28(2)-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `monawile saxelmwifoebma unda gaataronsaTanado RonisZiebebi, raTa uzrunvelyon skolebSi disciplinis marTvaimgvarad, rom ar ilaxebodes bavSvis adamianuri Rireseba, winamdebarekonvenciis Sesabamisad~. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia moiTxovs, magaliTad,bavSvis dacvas `fizikuri da gonebrivi Zaladobis yvela formisagan, misidaSavebis an Seuracxyofisagan, ugulebelyofisagan da ugulebelmyofelimopyrobisagan, uxeSi mopyrobisagan an eqspluataciisagan, maT Soris, seqsualuriZaladobisagan~ (muxli 19) da `sastiki, araadamianuri an Seuracxmyofelimopyrobisagan an dasjisagan~ (muxli 37).bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 29-e muxli Seexeba bavSvis ganaTlebis miznebs. punqti29 (1.b) mouwodebs `pativiscemisaken adamianis uflebebisa da fundamentaluriTavisuflebebisadmi~, xolo punqti 29 (1.g) mouwodebs `bavSvis momzadebisakenpasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse cxvrebisaTvis Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi, yvelaxalxebs, eTnikur jgufebs, erovnul da religiur jgufebs da adgilobriviwarmoSobis xalxebs Soris urTierTgagebis, mSvidobis, mimteveblobis,sqesobrivi Tanasworobisa da megobrobis suliskveTebiT~. 2001 wels bavSvisuflebaTa komitetma gamosca zogadi komentari #1 ganaTlebis miznebisSesaxeb (CRC/GC/2001/1), sadac xazgasmulia, rom TviT ganaTlebis procesiunda efuZnebodes da mxars uWerdes konvenciiT garantirebul uflebebs,rac niSnavs, rom monawile qveynebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom yvela skolampativi sces bavSvis uflebebs, romlebic gulisxmobs diskriminaciis gareSemopyrobas (muxli 2), TviTgamoxatvis Tavisuflebas (muxli 13) da yvela formisseqsualuri Zaladobisa da eqspluataciis akrZalvas (muxli 34). saxelmwifoebmaunda uzrunvelyon, agreTve, bavSvebis sruli dacva sxva saxis daSinebisaganmowafeebis mxridan da Zaladobis sxva formebisagan. komitetma aRniSna, rommowafeebis daucvelobam am formis Zaladobisagan SeiZleba bavSvebs waarTvaskuTvnili ganaTlebis ufleba (muxlebi 28 da 29). 16 >>>129Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`me minaxavs maswavleblebis uxeSi mopyroba skolebsa da kolejebSi. yoveldRemaswavleblebi sastikad sjian mowafeebs, amitom Cven Zalian daSinebulebivarT klasSi. maswavlebeli xSirad aiZulebs mowafes, idges klasSi, mimarTavsSeuracxmyofeli sityvebiT da dascinis imis gamo, rom celqobs an ar swavlobsgakveTilebs. es Zalian samarcxvino da mtkivneulia~.biWi, 17 wlis, samxreTi da centraluri azia, 2005 IIadamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebriviinstrumentebizogadi komentari #1 agreTve miuTiTebs, rom `…bavSvebi ar kargaven adamianisuflebebs skolis SenobaSi SesvliT. magaliTad, ganaTlebiT uzrunvelyofaunda xorcieldebodes imgvarad, rom pativi eces bavSvis Tandayolil Rirsebas,mieces saSualeba, Tavisuflad gamoxatos Tavisi azrebi, Tanaxmad 12(1)-emuxlisa, da monawileoba miiRos skolis cxovrebaSi. ganaTlebis miRebisuzrunvelyofa unda agreTve pativs scemdes disciplinaze dawesebul mkacrSezRudvebs, rogorc miTiTebulia 28(2)-e muxlSi, da mxars uWerdes skolaSiZaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebebs. komitetma araerTgzis ganmartaTavis daskvniT mosazrebebSi, rom fizikuri dasjis gamoyeneba pativs ar scemsbavSvis Tandayolil Rirsebas da agreTve skolis disciplinaze dawesebulmkacr SezRudvebs…~ 17130Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiamgvari interpretacia komitetma asaxa monawile saxelmwifoebis mier bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciis Sesabamisad warmodgenil angariSebTan dakavSirebiTgakeTebul daskvniT mosazrebebSi, sadac gaica rekomendacia, rom saxelmwifoebismier unda aikrZalos yovelgvari fizikuri dasja. 2006 wlis ivnisSi komitetmamiiRo zogadi komentari #8 bavSvis fizikuri dasjisagan da dasjis sxva sastikian damamcirebeli formebisagan dacvis uflebaze (kerZod, muxlebi 19, 28(2) da37; CRC/C/GC/8). komiteti acxadebs, rom zogadi komentaris mizania, `xazgasmiTaRiniSnos yvela monawile saxelmwifos valdebuleba, ganaxorcielos qmediTizomebi bavSvebis yovelgvari fizikuri dasjis da sasjelis yvela sxva sastikida damamcirebeli formis aRmosafxvrelad da zogadi formiT Camoayalibossaxelmwifos mier gasatarebeli sakanonmdeblo da sxva sainformacio dasaganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebi~.komitetis komentari Semdegnairia: `saWiroa Catardes RonisZiebebi bavSvebissayovelTaod gavrcelebuli fizikuri dasjis da ukanasknelis mimarTSemwynarebluri damokidebulebis winaaRmdeg, fizikuri dasja unda aRmoifxvrasojaxebSi, skolebsa da sxva garemoSi – es ara marto monawile saxelmwifoebisvaldebulebaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, aramedes aris agreTve sazogadoebaSi Zaladobis yvela formis Semcirebis da Tavidanacilebis mizniT SemuSavebuli ZiriTadi strategia.~ 18

4zogadi mimoxilva daarsebuli mdgomareobaUNICEF/HQ02-0650. Alejandro Balagueristoriulad bevr kulturas aqvs ierarqiulisocialuri struqtura, sadac isini,vinc ufro maRla dgas, marTaven maT, vincmaTze dabla dgas, Zaladobisa da Zalaldobismuqaris meSveobiT. es struqturebida praqtika gavrcelda, agreTve, ojaxebsada mamakacsa da qals Soris, mSoblebsa daSvilebs Soris urTierTobebze, gavrcelda,agreTve, skolebze da skolaSi momuSavepersonalsa da mowafeebs Soris urTier-Tobebze.peru, 2002 weli. ori biWi xsnis ariTmetikulamocanebs kalkulatorisa da feradi agurebisgamoyenebiT erT-erT skolaSi, sofel losanJelesSi,amazonis san-martinis CrdiloaRmosavleTdepartamentSi.risiT. damkvidrebuli stereotipebis gamogogonebi xSirad daucvelad da mouxerxebladgrZnoben Tavs skolebSi, rac erTerTimTavari mizezia imisa, rom zogierTqveyanaSi gogonebi, gansakuTrebiT mozardigogonebi, naklebad dadian skoleb-Si, vidre mozardi biWebi. 7,8,9aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebisada maTTan dakavSirebuli dakaris samoqmedoprogramis ganuyofel nawilswarmoadgens yvela bavSvisTvis maRalixarisxis ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobisuzrunvelyofa. 10,11,12 amisaTvis skolebmagogonebs da vaJebs unda Seuqmnan usafrTxoda stumarTmoyvare garemo, romel-Sic ar eqneba adgili Zaladobis muqaras(ix. CanarTi).rogorc ojaxebSi, aseve skolebSi fizikuridasja da sastiki, damamcirebelidasjis sxva formebi `disciplinis~ danergvisfarTod aRiarebuli meTodebia,romelTa mizania celqi bavSvis `damor-Cileba~, Tavxedi bavSvis gawvrTna, raTaman daikavos Tavisi `kuTvnili adgili~ sazogadoebaSi,da uWkuo bavSvis momzadebarTul, sastik da uxeS samyaroSi sacxovreblad.sayovelTao ganaTlebis idea, romlissafasurs ixdis saxelmwifo an romlissubsidireba xdeba saxelmwifos mier,raTa bavSvebi aRiWurvon saTanado codniTSemdgomi dasaqmebis, samoqalaqo dasaojaxo valdebulebebis Sesrulebis dapiradi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebismizniT, evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSigaCnda mxolod me-19 saukunis Sua wlebSi,industriuli revoluciis pirobebSi. imdroidan dawyebuli me-20 saukunis CaTvliTbavSvebis cema, maTTvis Seuracxyofismiyeneba da maTi izolireba, Cveulebriv,gamoiyeneboda, rogorc swavlebis da disciplinisdamyarebis meTodi.1990 wlebidan globaluri ekonomikac dabevri qveynis ekonomikac araCveulebriv131Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`maswavlebelma sila gaawna mowafeebs, romlebmac gaacdines misi gakveTilebiimis gamo, rom surdaT biblioTekaSi wasvla samecniero kvlevis Casatareblad.silis galawunebis xma imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom derefanSic ki ismoda. meSeveswari am scenas da Zalian SemeSinda. verafriT viviwyeb maT saxeze silislawunis xmas~.mowafe, 16 wlis, indoeTis okeanis qveregioni, 2006 III132Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiaRmavlobas ganicdidnen. maRalganviTarebulisamrewvelo qveynebi imyofebian imetapze, rodesac gabatonebulia codnazedafuZnebuli mrewvelobis saxeebi da sadacekonomikis dargebi sargebels iRebenyvela daqiravebuli muSisagan, Tu es ukanaskneliganaTlebuli da moqnilia, mzadaris, rom miiRos axali codna, aiTvisosaxali teqnologiebi, gamoicvalos samuSaoda sacxovrebeli adgili da iTanamSromlossxvadasxva warmoSobis da ganaTlebismqone adamianebTan. axla farTod aris aRiarebuliis faqti, rom yvelasaTvis wamgebianiaadamianis diskriminacia sqesis, rasis,religiisa da sxva im faqtorebis gamo,romlebic ar ukavSirdeba adamianis unar-Cvevebsa da potenciur SesaZleblobebs.farTod aris, agreTve, miRebuli, rommodeli _ `kiTxvebis Tavisuflad dasma dapersonaluri zrda~ _ is modelia, romelicsaukeTesod emsaxureba sayovelTao interesebsda moiTxovs usafrTxo da aRmzrdelobiTsaskolo garemocvas.kvlav arsebobs qveynebi, sadac mraval liders,ganaTlebis muSaks da mSobels miaCnia,rom ganaTleba, romelic moswavleebs aswavliskiTxvebis dasmas da damoukidebelazrovnebas, upirispirebs bavSvebs Taobebismier Camoyalibebul wes-Cveulebebs, romlebzecdamyarebulia ojaxi da sazogadoeba. 19skolebSi disciplinis damyarebis wesebisSecvla gansakuTrebiT nela mimdinareobsiseT qveynebSi, sadac uaRresad mwiriaganaTlebis miznebisTvis gamoyofili Tanxebi,da es maSin, rodesac ganaTlebis sistemebisagansul ufro meti odenobis moswavlisaRzrda moiTxoveba. kanonebi nel-nelaumjobesdeba 20 , magram iqac, sadac kanonikrZalavs fizikur dasjas, igi yovelTvisar sruldeba da dasawyisSi mas xSirad mxarsar uWers gabatonebuli sazogadoebriviazri. fizikuri dasjis akrZalvas Tan undaaxldes efeqtiani sawyisi da samuSaodanmouwyveteli treningi qcevis marTvisa daskolis organizebis sakiTxebSi, romelicpativs scems bavSvis uflebebs.problemis xasiaTi damasStabimaSin, rodesac yoveli qveynis miRwevebiojaxebSi, skolebsa da gamosasworebeldawesebulebebSi fizikuri dasjis akrZalvissferoSi saTanadod aris asaxuli, Zaladobissxva formebTan dakavSirebuli kvleva-Ziebajer-jerobiT ar aris srulyofili.21 kvleva-Ziebis umetesi nawili SeiswavlisskolebSi arsebuli Zaladobis erTan, maqsimum, or formas da ara mTlianadZaladobas da kavSirs skolis SigniT da gareTarsebul Zaladobas Soris, magaliTad,ojaxSi da, zogadad, sazogadoebaSi arsebulZaladobas.skolebSi arsebuliZaladobis formebiskolebSi arsebuli Zaladobis formebirogorc fizikuri, aseve fsiqologiuriZaladobis formebia da, Cveulebriv, er-TobliobaSi gvxvdeba. Zaladobis is formebi,romlebsac skolis maswavleblebi dasxva personali mimarTavs, ganaTlebissaministroebisa da sxva zedamxedveli organoebisdaufaravi an mdumare TanxmobiT,moicavs fizikur dasjas an dasjisa da uxeSimopyrobis sxva sastik da damamcirebelformebs, seqsualur Zaladobas, Zaladobassqesobrivi niSniT da daSinebas.bavSvebis mier Cadenili Zaladobis formebimoicavs daSinebas, seqsualur Zalado-

`man (maswavlebelma) icis, rom arasworad iqceva, magram grZnobs dausjelobas.mas aravin dasjis da man es icis~.gogona, 15 wlis, evropa IV4bas, Zaladobas sqesobrivi niSniT, skolisezoSi gamarTul Cxubebs, dajgufebebis(bandebis) mier Cadenil Zaladobas da SeiaraRebulTavdasxmebs. Tanamedrove teqnologiebiiZlevian daSinebis axal saSualebebs,magaliTad, internetisa da mobiluritelefonebis meSveobiT, da dasabamimisces iseT axal terminebs, rogoricaa`kiberxuligani~ da `kiberdaSineba~.fizikuri da fsiqologiuri dasjabavSvis uflebaTa komiteti gansazRvravs`fizikur~ dasjas, rogorc dasjas, romlisdrosac gamoiyeneba fizikuri Zala,garkveuli siZlieris, Tundac minimaluri,tkivilis an diskomfortis miyenebis mizniT,rac ZiriTadad moicavs bavSvebis cemasxeliT an raime sagniT. magram es Sei-Zleba agreTve iyos bavSvebisTvis wixliskvra, SenjRreva an mosrola, dakawvra,Cqmeta, kbena, TmebiT Treva an yurebis aweva,iZuleba, rom gaCerdnen mouxerxebelpozaSi, maTTvis damwvrobis miyeneba da dafufqva,iZuleba, raime gadaylapon (magaliTad,bavSvisTvis piris gamovleba sapniTan Zaldataneba, rom gadaylapos mwaresaneleblebi). 22komitetis azriT, fizikuri dasja yovelTvisdamamcirebelia. garda zemoT moyvanilifizikuri Zaladobisa, arsebobs dasjismravali arafizikuri forma, romelicaranakleb sastikia da damamcirebeli daamitom ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis uflebaTakonvencias. es aris, magaliTad, dasja,romelic akninebs, Seuracxyofs, cilsswamebs, gantevebis vacad aqcevs, emuqreba,aSinebs an dascinis bavSvs. informaciasfizikuri dasjis da dasjis sxva sastikida damamcirebeli formebis Sesaxeb, romlebsacmimarTaven skolebis direqtorebida maswavleblebi, bavSvebi xSirad awvdidnenkvlevis monawileebs yvela cxra regionulikonsultaciis Catarebis dros.sloveniaSi bavSvebTan Catarebuli konsultaciismier momzadebuli, evropisada centraluri aziis regionuli konsultaciisTvisgankuTvnil gzavnilTa sia aseiwyeba: `unda aikrZalos nebismieri formisZaladoba yoveli qveynis skolebSi da…skolebi unda gaxdes is bednieri adgilebi,sadac bavSvebi mondomebiT daeuflebiancodnas~. 23 imave Sinaarsis gzavnilebi movidamTeli msoflios bavSvebisagan.fizikur dasjasTan dakavSirebuli gamokvlevebisZiriTadi nawili 24 da kvlevisTvismomzadebuli zogierTi regionuli angari-Si 25 avlens fizikuri dasjis winaaRmdeg mimarTulmkveTrad gamoxatul tendenciasyvela regionis, gansakuTrebiT evropis,skolebSi. im 223 qveynidan da damokidebuliteritoriidan, sadac `bavSvTa yvela saxisfizikuri dasjis aRmofxvris globalurmainiciativam~ gamokiTxva Caatara, 25 106 qveyanasdResdReobiT miRebuli aqvs kanonebi,romlebic krZalavs fizikur dasjas yvelaskolaSi, xolo Svid sxva qveyanas _ kanonebi,romlebic krZalaven fizikur dasjasqveynis zog nawilSi, magaliTad iq, sadacfederaluri saxelmwifos provinciebssakuTari kanonebi aqvT an zog skolebSi,magaliTad, romlebsac mxolod saxelmwifoafinansebs. 26 fizikuri dasjis amkrZalavikanonebi xSirad ar sruldeba efeqtianadiseT qveynebSic ki, rogoricaa CineTi,sadac es kanoni ukve mravali welia arsebobs.27 kamerunSi 1998 wels miRebuli kanonikrZalavs fizikur dasjas skolebSi, magramgamokvlevam, romelmac moicva kamerunisoTxi provincia da romelic gamoqveynda amkanonis miRebidan ori wlis Semdeg, gamoavlina,rom maswavleblebi daufaravad mimarTavdnenfizikur dasjas `utifrobis,daumorCileblobisa da cudi akademiuri133Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

134Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSimoswrebis SemTxvevaSi~. mowafeebis 97%ki acxadebda, rom dausjiaT fizikurad. 28kanonis aRusruleblobas SeiZleba seriozuliSedegebi mohyves.naklebad aris Seswavlili sastiki dadamamcirebeli dasjis is formebi, romlebicar moicavs fizikur Zaladobas. kvlevisTvisinformaciis moZiebis mizniTbavSvebTan Catarebulma konsultaciebmagamoavlina, rom damcirebis sxva formebikargad axsovT rogorc bavSvebs, asevemraval mozrdils, rogorc mtkivneulimogonebebi imisa, Tu rogor amcirebdnensityvierad da fizikurad maT da maTTanaklaselebs skolis direqtorebi damaswavleblebi.arsebobs informacia, rom fizikur dasjasiyenebdnen im SemTxvevebSic, romlebicsrulebiT ar iyo damokidebuli bavSvze,magaliTad, rodesac mSoblebma ar gadaixadesswavlis safasuri, 29 an cudi akademiurimoswrebisaTvis, an imis gamo, rom mowafemar gamoaswora cudi saqcieli. bevrSemTxvevaSi Znelia am ori motivis gamijvna.egvipteSi, 30 lesoTosa 31 da togoSi 32 ,agreTve, indoeTis okeanis kunZulebisqveynebSi 33 Catarebuli gamokvlevebi cxadyofs,rom iseve, rogorc yvelgan, fizikuridasja farTod gamoiyeneba aradamakmayofilebeliakademiuri moswrebis gamodasasjelad. gamokvlevebis Catarebisasaxlo aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeT afrikisqveynebSi mowafeebis erTma mesamedmaganacxada, rom isini gauwkeplavT, imitomrom maTma klasma an skolam cudi SedegebiaCvena gamocdebze. 34 Cveulebrivia,agreTve, koleqtiuri dasja mTeli klasisan skolis aradamakmayofilebeli Sedegebisgamo.kavSiri diskriminaciasTan dasqesobrivi niSniT ZaladobasTanarsebobs mtkicebuleba imis savaraudod,rom fizikuri dasja skolebSi zogjermeti sisastikiT an sixSiriT gamoiyeneba imbavSvebis mimarT, romlebic miekuTvnebiandamRadasmul (stigmatizebul) jgufebsda ganicdian diskriminacias mTeli sazogadoebismxridan. indoeTis 1998 wlissajaro angariSSi sabazo ganaTlebis SesaxebaRniSnulia, rom ufro maswavleblebimaRali kastidan, Cveulebriv, amcirebdnenbavSvebs, romlebic dalitebs (`miukareblebs,~anu umdables kastas) da sxva dabalkastebs miekuTvnebodnen da uwodebdnenmaT Clungebsa da uunaroebs. 35 SeerTebuliStatebis 23 StatSi afrikuli warmoSobisamerikeli bavSvebi sxvebze metad xdebianfizikuri Zaladobis (cemis) msxverpli. 36ltolvil bavSvebs angolaSi, zambiasa dasamxreT afrikaSi miaCniaT, rom maT gamor-Ceulad sjian fizikurad. 37zogadad, biWebi ufro xSirad da sastikadisjebian fizikurad, vidre gogonebi, Tumcagogonebi srulebiTac ar arian daculifizikuri dasjisagan. gamokiTxvis SedegebzedayrdnobiT, egvipteSi mowafe bi-Webis 80% da mowafe gogonebis 67% fizikuraddausjiaT skolebSi; barbadosSigamokiTxuli biWebis 95%-ma da gogonebis92%-ma ganacxades, rom isini gauwkeplavTan gaurozgavT skolebSi. 38 gamokiTxvam,romelmac moicva 3 577 mowafe CineTis eqvsprovinciaSi, cxadyo, rom 17,5%-ma 16 wlisasakamde ganicada fizikuri dasjis erTi anmeti forma maswavleblebis mxridan; 15%ucemiaT, wixli amourtyamT an sxvanairaddausjiaT, oRond raime sagnis gamouyeneblad;7% iyo nacemi ama Tu im sagniT; 0,4%Caketes patara saTavsoSi an gakoWes TokiTan jaWviT; 0,4%-s axrCobdnen, wvavdnen an

`Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT uzarmazar fasad ujdeba axlandel da momavalTaobebs da Zirs uTxris kacobriobis ganviTarebas. Cven vaRiarebT, romZaladobis yvela forma saboloo jamSi dakavSirebulia sqesebisTvis miniWebulrolebTan da maT Soris arsebul uTanasworobasTan da rom bavSvTa uflebebisdarRveva dakavSirebulia qalebis mdgomareobasTan~.afrikis deklaracia gogonebis mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, 2006 V4daniT ayenebdnen Wrilobebs. im mowafe bi-Webis procentuli odenoba (26,9%), romlebmacgadaitanes Zaladobis erTi an metiforma, ornaxevarjer aRemateboda am kategoriismowafe gogonaTa procentul odenobas(10,1%). 39skolis direqtorebs da maswavleblebsSeuZliaT sxvadasxvanairad gamoiyenonfizikuri dasja da sastiki da damamcirebelidasjis sxva formebi, bavSvis sqesidangamomdinare, da amiT agrZnobinon bavSvebsis, Tu ra moiTxoveba orive sqesis bavSvebisaganda mozrdilebisagan. botsvanaSi,magaliTad, gogonebis fizikuri dasjaSeuZlia mxolod skolis direqtors da aramamakac maswavlebels, xolo dawyebiT skolebSidasaSvebia mxolod biWebis cema dundulebzeda ara gogonebisa, romlebis cemaSeiZleba mxolod fexisa da xelis gulebze.biWebi da gogonebi SeiZleba agreTve daisajonsxvadasxva danaSaulisaTvis, magali-Tad, biWi SeiZleba daisajos imisaTvis, romver Seasrula romelime sportuli ileTifizkulturis gakveTilze, xolo gogona _romelime xulignuri, qalisaTvis SeuferebelisaqcielisaTvis, rac SeiZleba bi-WisTvis sapatioc ki iyos. is faqti, rom arsebobssqesTa Soris gansxvavebasTan dakav-Sirebuli xiluli Tu Sefaruli qcevispolitika fizikur dasjasTan mimarTebaSi,gulisxmobs imas, rom nebismierma strategiam,romlis mizania fizikuri dasjis aRmofxva,unda ganixilos agreTve sqesTa Sorisarsebuli gansxvavebis sakiTxi. 40seqsualuri Zaladoba da Zaladobasqesobrivi niSniTsqesobrivi niSniT Zaladoba gamomdinareobssqesTa Soris arsebuli uTanasworobidan,stereotipebidan da sazogadoebismier dawesebuli rolebidan. seqsualuriZaladoba, maT Soris, gogonebis devna seqsualuriniSniT, SeiZleba motivirebuliiyos gogonebis dasjis an damcirebis surviliTmaTi sqesis Tu seqsualobis gamo anmaT mimarT seqsualuri interesiTa da baqiaobiT.igi aseve miznad isaxavs gogonebisdaSinebas, damcirebas da Seuracxyofas,rac vlindeba gaupatiurebis msxverpligogonebis dadanaSaulebis farTod gavrcelebulpraqtikaSi da imaSi, rom sadacdiskriminacia sqesobrivi niSniT udavonormadaa qceuli, gogonebis dadanaSaulebaSeiZleba gadaizardos seqsualuridevnis, Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisTiTqmis yvela formaSi.gamokvlevebis Sedegad dadginda, romgogonebis devna seqsualuri niSniT mTelmsoflioSi arsebobs; sxvadasxva masStabiTamas sCadian TviT maswavleblebic damoswavleebic, gansakuTrebulad miRebulida intensiuri ki SeiZleba iyos iq,sadac skolebSi Zaladobis sxva formebicaagavrcelebuli. 41,42,43,44,45 maswavleblebsmoswavleTa, ufro xSirad gogonebis,devna seqsualuri niSniT xSirad miaCniaTskolis cxovrebis Cveulebriv nawilad daamitom amas did yuradRebas ar aqceven.aseT viTarebaSi moswavleebs uZneldebaTaseTi faqtebis gamJRavneba. axlo aRmosavleTSigogonebis seqsualuri niSniT devna,rogorc wesi, ar cxaddeba, imitom rom skolebSigogonebi da biWebi Cveulebriv calcalkearian an imitom rom gogonebs arsurT amgvar faqtebze xmamaRla laparaki.iaponiaSi bolo dromde TiTqmis ar momxdaramowafe gogonebis seqsualuri niSniTdevnis sajaro ganxilva, seqsualuridevnis msxverplni ki iSviaTad acxadebdnenamis Sesaxeb. maT Zalian rcxvenodaT135Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

136Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSida icodnen, rom ramis gacxadebis SemTxvevaSireputacia samudamod SeelaxebodaT.46 amgvari damokidebuleba kvlavacgvxvdeba bevr qveyanaSi. eTiopiaSi Catarebuligamokvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda,rom mowafeebi gogonebis seqsualur devnasukavSirebdnen maT Cacmulobas da arabiWebis damokidebulebas gogonebis mimarT.47 dasavleT da centralur afrikaSimaswavleblebi moswavle gogonebis seqsualureqspluatacias maTi maprovocirebeliCacmulobiTa da saqcieliT xsnidnen,aseve imiT, rom maswavleblebi Sors iyvnensaxlebidan da hqondaT seqsualuri moTxovnileba.48evropisa da CrdiloeT amerikis saeklesioskolebSi mamakaci maswavleblebis(xSirad sasuliero pirebis) mier biWebisseqsualuri niSniT farTod gavrcelebulidevnis faqtebis gamJRavneba mxolod1990-iani wlebidan daiwyo, mas Semdeg, racdamkvidrda seqsualuri devnis winaaRmdegufro efeqtiani dacva da mis Sesaxebinformaciis gavrcelebis ukeTesi sistemebi– xSir SemTxvevaSi seqsualuri devnisfaqtidan aTwleulebic ki iyo gasuli.adre bavSvebs, romlebic ganicdidnen seqsualurdevnas an eqspluatacias maswavleblebismxridan, Zalian rcxvenodaTsxvebisTvis moeyolaT momxdaris Sesaxeb,radgan icodnen, rom maT monayols ardaijerebdnen an, Tu daijerebdnen, maTTviTon daadanaSaulebdnen imaSi, rommiizides mamakacebis yuradReba. bolodros Catarebulma gamokvlevam gvaCvena,rom 1950-2002 wlebis ganmavlobaSi 4 400mRvdeli (im periodis ganmavlobaSi moRvawemRvdlebis 4%) iqna dadanaSaulebuliTiTqmis 10 700 bavSvis seqsualur devnaSida rom bavSvebis umravlesoba biWebiiyvnen. 49is mavne kulturuli stereotipebi, romlebicSeuracxyofas ayeneben bavSvebs maTisqesis an cnobili Tu savaraudo seqsualobisgamo, qmnian garemos, romelSic Sesa-Zlebelia bavSvebis dausjelad devna, maTSoris, im ufrosebis mier, romlebic ndobiTada avtoritetiT sargebloben (magalaTad,sasuliero pirebi saeklesio skolebSi).2004 wels pakistanis saxelmwifoministrma sasuliero sakiTxebSi mTeliqveyana ganacvifra informaciiT, rom imwels registrirebuli iyo sasuliero pir-Ta mier seqsualur devnasTan dakavSirebuli500 saCivari, xolo wina wels _ 2000saCivari. miuxedavad amisa, am faqtebTandakavSirebiT jerjerobiT ar arsebobssamarTlebrivi devnis raime warmatebuliSemTxveva. 50,51aiv da seqsualuri Zaladobasaharis samxreTiT mdebare afrikulqveynebSi aiv-iT inficirebulTa saSualoraodenoba 15-dan 24 wlamde asakisgogonebsa da axalgazrda qalebs SorisdResdReobiT samjer metia, vidre saSualoraodenoba amave asakis biWebsa da axalgazrdamamakacebs Soris. 52 seqsualuri Zaladobasul ufro metad aris gamoaSkaravebuli,Tumca saWiroebs Semdgom Seswavlas,rogorc am cifrebis zrdis mniSvnelovanifaqtori.skolis moswavleTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobisSesaxeb globalurma gamokiTxvam(Global School Based Studets’ Health Survey)gamoavlina, rom namibiaSi rogorc biWebis,aseve gogonebis 19%-ma dadebiTi pasuxigasca kiTxvaze, aiZules Tu ara maT odesmeZaliT sqesobrivi kavSiri. SveicariaSi amSekiTxvaze dadebiTad biWebis 9%-ma dagogonebis 10%-ma upasuxa, ugandaSi – bi-Webis 13%-ma da gogonebis 25%-ma, zambiaSi

`aviRe rveuli da viwerdi TariRs da dros yvela im SemTxvevisa, rodesac meganvicdidi devnas. mivutane rveuli direqtors. man miTxra: `Svilo, Sen bevriTavisufali dro gqonia, amitomac dardob am rveulebze. me imdeni saqme maqvs, abarogor vidardo imaze, rac ori kviris win moxda~. vupasuxe: `mindoda gcodnodaTyoveldRiurad momxdari Zaladobis Sesaxeb~. man gamomarTva rveuli da nagvisyuTSi gadaisrola~.moswavle, CrdiloeTi amerika, ganicdida daSinebas, vinaidan savaraudodiTvleboda homoseqsualistad, 2005 VI4– biWebis 30%-ma da gogonebis 31%-ma, zimbabveSi– biWebis 11%-ma da gogonebis 14%-ma. 53 1999 wels keniaSi Catarebulma gamokvlevam,romelic efuZneboda skolis 10 000moswavle gogonas magaliTs, aCvena, rom amgogonebis erTi mesamedi seqsualurad aqtiuriiyo, amaTgan 40%-ma ganacxada, rommaTi pirveli seqsualuri aqti ukavSirdebodaZaladobas, Cveulebriv, moswavlebiWis mxridan Cadenil Zaladobas. 54burkina-fasoSi, ganaSi, malaviSi da ugandaSibolo dros Catarebulma gamokvlevamcxadyo, rom iZulebiTi seqsi da aivinfeqciaWarbobda daqorwinebul da aradauqorwinebel mozardebSi. 55 saharissamxreTiT mdebare afrikul qveynebSi mozardigogonebis umravlesoba ar dadisskolaSi da maTgan erTi meoTxedidan naxevramdegaTxovilia, xSir SemTxvevaSi _maTze bevrad ufros mamakacebze. 56 eTiopiaSigogonebi xSirad miiCneven skolaSisiaruls adreuli da arasasurveli gaTxovebisTavidan acilebis saSualebad. 57iZulebiTi seqsi aiv/Sidsis SeZenis riskfaqtoria.amasTan dakavSirebiT izrdebaSeSfoTeba skolebSi. aRmosavleT dasamxreT afrikaSi (iseve, rogorc sxva regionebSi)kvlevis miznebisTvis Catarebulmaregionulma konsultaciam ZiriTadproblemad miiCnia moswavle gogonebis seqsualuridevna da Zaladoba mowafeebisada maswavleblebis (Cveulebriv, mamkacebis)mxridan. konsultaciis monawileebi ixsenebdnenSemTxvevebs, rodesac maswavleblebiseqsis sanacvlod gogonebs hpirdebodnenufro maRali niSnebis daweras,rodesac gogonebs, romlebic daorsuldebodnenmaswavleblebisagan an moswavlebiWebisagan, xSirad iTxovdnen skolebidan.zogierT qveyanaSi orsuli gogonas gaTxovebammoZaladeze SeiZleba es ukanaskneligaanTavisuflos sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan,rac xels uwyobs iZulebi-Ti qorwinebis riskis zrdas.iunisefis mier Catarebulma gamokvlevamdaadgina, rom seqsualuri Zaladobagavrcelebulia dasavleT da centraluriafrikis yvela qveyanaSi, rac icodnen amqveynebis ganaTlebis saministroebma damiaCndaT, rom es iyo mTavari mizezi, risgamoc gogonebi Tavs anebebdnen skola-Si swavlas. 58 Human Rights Watch-is mierCatarebulma gamokvlevam cxadyo, rom seqsualuridevna da gogonebis Seuracxyofamaswavleblebis da moswavleebis mxridanfarTod iyo gavrcelebuli samxreT afrikisskolebSi, sadac gogonebs aupatiurebdnenskolis tualetebSi, carielsaklaso oTaxebSi, saerTo saZineblebsada saerTo sacxovreblebSi. 59 ganaSi cotaxnis win Catarebuli gamokiTxvisas mowafegogonebis 6%-ma ganacxada, rom maswavleblebiSantaJs uwyobdnen da emuqrebodnen,rom dauwerdnen dabal niSnebs, Tu isiniuars ityodnen maTTan sqesobrivi kavSirisdamyarebaze. gogonaTa or mesameds ar ganucxadebiamomxdaris Sesaxeb, radgan rcxvenoda;radgan urCies, moeTmina; radganegona, rom damnaSaveebs mainc ar dasjidnen.biWebis mcire procentmac ganicada devnasqesobrivi niSniT. biWebis 24%-ma aRiara,rom monawileobda gaupatiurebaSi, maT Soris,jgufur gaupatiurebaSi. gogonebis14%-ma ganacxada, rom isini gaaupatiuresmaTma axlobelma biWebma. 60sqesobrivi niSniT ZaladobasTan dakav-Sirebulma sxva, ufro zogadma gamokvlevebmagamoavlina, rom maswavlebelTaganzogi emuqreba da devnis bavSvebs da axalgazrdebssqesobrivi niSniT. erT-erT aseTgamokvlevaSi CineTis honkongis specialuriadministraciuli regionis kolejis2000-ze meti studentis 6%-ma ganacxada,137Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

138Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSirom ganucdia Zaladoba 17 wlis asakamde.saSualo asaki, rodisac bavSvebi ganicdidnendevnas, iyo TerTmeti weli daSemTxvevebis mTliani raodenobis 7%-SimoZaladeebi maswavleblebi iyvnen, Tumcaufro xSirad moZaladeebad asaxelebdnenojaxis wevrebs an megobrebs. 61 nepalSiCatarebulma iunisefis gamokvlevam daadgina,rom bavSvebis 9%-ma ganicada sastikiseqsualuri Zaladoba (mgrZnobiare adgilebiskocna, oraluri seqsi da Tavad seqsualuriaqti) da rom moZaladeebis 18%maswavleblebi iyvnen. 62 winamdebare kvlevisaTviswarmodgenil angariSSi xsnissaerTaSoriso komiteti (International RescueCommittee) acxadebs, rom gogonebisdevna sqesobrivi niSniT seriozuli problemaaltolvilTa im skolebisaTvis, romlebSicmaswavleblebi mamakacebi arian. 63laTinuri amerikis regionuli konsultaciisgancxadebiT, gogonebi dominikelTarespublikaSi, hondurasSi, gvatemalaSi,meqsikaSi, panamasa da nikaraguaSi ganicdianseqsualur Zaladobas maswavleblebismxridan, zog SemTxvevebSi muqariT, romdaukleben niSnebs, Tu isini ar daemor-Cilebian am Zaladobas. 64pozitiur mxares miekuTvneba is garemoeba,rom, rogorc daadgina regionulma konsultaciamaRmosavleT da samxreT afrika-Si, qveynebi reagireben kanonmdeblobaSi,politikasa da praqtikul saqmianobaSiSesabamisi cvlilebebis SetaniT. magali-Tad, samxreT afrikasa da zambiaSi arasrulwlovanigogonebis `garyvna~ qveynissasamarTloebis mier miCneulia seriozuldanaSaulad, romelzec SeiZleba saTanado,maT Soris, samudamo patimrobis ganaCenisgamotana, orsul gogonebs ki sapatio mizeziTaTavisufleben skolidan. 65daSineba da Cagvra1970-iani wlebidan moyolebuli sul ufroaSkara xdeba is safrTxe, romelsac bavSvebisjanmrTelobas uqmnis skolebSi arsebulidaSineba da Cagvra; sul ufro met literaturaSiagamokvleuli daSinebisa da CagvrisSemTxvevebi, maTi gavrceleba da gavlenarogorc msxverplze, ise damnaSaveze.66,67miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflioSi daSinebada Cagvra farTod gavrcelebuli problemaa,arsebuli literatura Seexeba Ziri-Tadad ganviTarebul qveynebs. dawyebuliskandinaviis qveynebidan 1970-ian wlebSi,Semdeg gaerTianebul samefoSi, iaponiaSi,avstraliasa da SeerTebul StatebSi amgvariliteratura Seicavs moZaladeebisada maT msxverplTa damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebisanalizs da im pirovnuli da socialuririsk-faqtorebis masStabs, romlebicxels uwyobs daSinebas. am literaturamaseve gaafarTova daSinebis/Cagvris cnebisganmarteba da moicva fsiqologiuri Zaladobisufro daxvewili da rTuli formebi;analizi gascilda moZaladeTa da maT msxverplTadamaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis Seswavlasda Seexo maTi aRzrdis istoriasa daojaxur da socialur garemocvas, skolisgaremocvis CaTvliT. daSineba/Cagvra Zaladobissxva formebisagan imiTac gansxvavdeba,rom es aris qcevis wesi da ara calkeulifaqti. literatura agreTve gviCvenebs, romdaSinebis/Cagvris TiTqmis yvela faqti seqsualurniadagze xdeba an gamoirCeva sqesobriviniSniT. aman Secvala daSinebis/CagvrisaRqma: reagireba daSinebaze/Cagvraze arsebulviTarebas unda Seesabamodes.daSineba/Cagvra bavSvis sqesisa daseqsualuri orientaciis gamomaswavleblebic da bavSvebic, Cveulebriv,zewolas axdenen sxva bavSvebze, raTa Se-Zlon maTi adaptacia im kulturul fa-

“skola, sadac wesiT ganaTlebas unda iRebdnen, namdvil koSmarad iqca,iq sufevs Zaladoba da es autanelia.”bavSvi, aRmosavleT da samxreT afrika, 2005 VII4seulobebTan da socialur qcevebTan, romlebicgansazRvravs `mamrobiTi~ an `mdedrobiTi~sqesisadmi mikuTvnebas. amisaTvisyvelaze gavrcelebulia sityvieri forma_ roca biWi gogonasaviT iqceva, xom arSeiZleba igi homoseqsualisti iyos andaroca gogona biWiviT iqceva, xom ar aris igilesboseli. es sityvebi SeiZleba xumrobi-Tac iyos naTqvami, magram, miuxedavad xumrobisa,gulisxmobs, rom Zalian cudi iqneboda,Tuki es marTali aRmoCndeboda. aseTgamonaTqvamebs Segnebuladac xmaroben,raTa dasajon an daCagron bavSvi imis gamo,rom igi `metismetad qaluri~ an `metismetadkacuria~, SeiZleba danamdvilebiTac icianan eWvoben bavSvis homoseqsualistobisa Tulesboselobis Sesaxeb da amas specialuradamboben; dasaSvebia sxva garemoebebic.rodesac biWi gogonas `Zuknas~, `lesbosels~an sxva aseT sityvebs uwodebs, igisaeWvos xdis am gogonas zneobasa da seqsualurorientacias. ase mimarTavenxolme gogonebs aRSfoTebis an sibrazisgamoxatvisas, agreTve imedgacruebis aneWvianobis dros. samxreT afikaSi Catarebulmakvlevam aCvena, rom im gogonebs,romelTac xSirad aviwroebdnen seqsualuradda ayenebdnen Seuracxyofas mamrobi-Ti sqesis moswavleebi, uwodebdnen xolmelesboselebs. 68 aseve, biWebsac, romlebicpativiscemiT epyrobodnen gogonebs daar monawileobdnen, sxva biWebis msgavsad,`seqsualur SeviwroebaSi~, `cisferebad~moixseniebdnen.homoseqsualistad da lesboselad cnobili,eWvmitanili Tu wodebuli moswavleebisCagvram da daSinebam SeiZleba borotidacinvis forma miiRos. moswavleebma Sei-Zleba gaavrcelon uxamsi karikaturebimaTi gamosaxulebebiT, moaxdinon maTze seqsualuriTavdasxma, gaupatiurebis imitaciaan sulac, yovelive es sastik fizikurangariSsworebaSi gadaizardos. CagvrisaseTi formebi Cveulebrivia bevr qveyanaSi.am Temaze arsebuli literaturis udidesinawili evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSiadawerili. 69,70 bevr qveyanaSi homoseqsualuriurTierTobebi an isjeba sisxlis samarTliswesiT an damRadasmuli (stigmatizebuli)mainc aris. amdenad, aseTi jgufebisCagvras da maTze Zaladobas naklebadeqceva yuradReba Sesabamisi organoebismxridan da isini iZulebuli xdebian, maluladicxovron. 71daSinebis/Cagvris masStabicentraluri da aRmosavleT evropis gardamavaliekonomikis qveynebSi 2001-2003wlebSi Temaze `skolis asakis bavSvTa qceva,romelic moqmedebs maT janmrTelobaze~Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad,bavSvebis 35%-ma (15% _ SvedeTSi, 64% _litvaSi, ix: diagrama 4.1) 72 ganacxada, rombolo ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi maT sistematuradCagravdnen. analogiurad, gardamavaliekonomikis qveynebSi moswavleTajanmrTelobis sakiTxebze globalurisaskolo gamokiTxvebis farglebSi Catarebulmaukanasknelma gamokiTxvam daafiqsira,rom bavSvTa udidesi nawilis TqmiT,isini mudmivad iCagrebodnen ukanaskneli30 dRis ganmavlobaSi (ix. diagrama, 4.2). 73bavSvebis mier aRniSnuli `bolo ori Tvis~da `30 dRis ganmavlobaSi~ ar aris droiserTnairi monakveTebi da amitom ar Sei-Zleba mkafio daskvnebis gamotana. magramiqac, sadac erTnairi drois monakveTebiaaRebuli, Sedarebebi qveynebs Soris didisifrTxiliT unda gakeTdes, radgan, racufro metad acnoben am sakiTxebs sazogadoebasganaTlebisa da bavSvebis ganvi-Tarebis dargSi momuSave specialistebi,miT ufro izrdeba Cagvrisa da daSinebisSemTxvevebis Setyobinebis masStabi. 74139Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

140Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiTemaze `skolis asakis bavSvTa qceva, romelicmoqmedebs maT janmrTelobaze~ 2001-2002 wlebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvisas aRmoCnda,rom Cagvris/daSinebis done mcirdebabavSvis zrdasTan erTad. amasTan, Tukigogonebisa da biWebis daaxloebiT erTi daigive procenti iCagreba, ufro meti biWiaRiarebs, rom dauCagravs/dauSinebia sxvebi.Tuki Cagvris done erTi da imave sqesisjgufis farglebSi identuria, gogonebisjgufebs umeteswilad biWebi Cagraven daara piriqiT. 75 ukanasknelma kvlevebma na-Telyo, rom im bavSvebis TiTqmis naxevari,romlebic Cagraven/aSineben sxvebs, erTdrouladarian msxverplic da moZaladec,da yvelaze meti ziani swored maT adgebaT.76Cagvris/daSinebis sakiTxi mxolod axlaxanwamoiWra filipinebSi, tailandsa da aRmosavleTaziisa da wynari okeanis auzissxva qveynebSi. laosis saxalxo demokratiulrespublikaSi Catarebuli kvlevisganmavlobaSi gogonebis 98%-ma da biWebis100%-ma daadastura, rom isini Cagvris/daSinebis mowme iyvnen skolebSi da, mar-Talia, Cagvris zusti xasiaTi da seriozulobaar iyo dazustebuli, Cagvra ZiriTadadmimarTuli iyo gogonebze da bavSvebzeeTnikuri umciresobebidan. 77 koreisrespublikis dawyebiTi skolis me-4 klasismoswavleebSi Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena,rom Cagvra/daSineba Cveulebrivi movlenaaskolebSi da igi dakavSirebulia socialurpirobebTan da mCagvrelis emociur problemebTan.78 samxreT aziaSi Catarebulma kvlevamnaTelyo, rom skolebSi im bavSvebismimarT, romlebic miekuTvnebian eTnikurumciresobebs da dabal socialur fenebs,xdeba sastiki diskriminacia, aseve, maTiSeuracxyofa da gariyva. skolebSi ZaladobisTemaze iunisefis forumis `axalgazrdebisxmebi~ meSveobiT Catarebulmakonsultaciebma daadastura, rom axlo aRmosavleTsada CrdiloeT afrikaSi Cagvra/daSineba farTod gavrcelebuli fenomeniada rom bavSvebi moiTxoven mis dasrulebas.79Cagvris/daSinebis umetesi forma verbaluriada Tuki is yuradRebis miRma darCeba,verbalurma Cagvram SesaZlebelia ukiduresZaladobamde migviyvanos. Cagvris mizezebiskvlevas mniSvnelovani impulsi miscaaSS-sa da kanadaSi 90-ian wlebSi momxdarmacnobilma SemTxvevebma, rodesac skolebSiisroles. erT-erTi kvleva im daskvnamdemivida, rom am `amoxeTqvebisTvis~ Sesa-Zloa dasabami mieca socialur niadagzeaRmocenebuli dacinvisa da pirovnuliuaryofis problemebisaTvis Tvalis gasworebisuunarobas. 80 israelSi Catarebulmakvlevam aCvena, rom tanjviT, damcirebi-Ta da sibraziT gamowveul grZnobebi, romlebsacmCagvreli ganicdis, xSirad xsnian,Tu ratom gadadis mCagvreli sityvieriZaladobidan fizikurze. 81internetma da mobilurma telefonebmaCagvris axali saSualebebi Seqmneseleqtronuli fostis, `onlain CeTis~,piradi vebgverdebis, teqsturi Setyobinebebisada gamosaxulebebis gagzavnissaSualebiT. 82.83 kanadaSi Catarebulma kvlevamaCvena, rom biWebi ufro metad erTvebian`virtualur CagvraSi~, vidre gogonebida Tavadac ufro xSirad xdebian `virtualuriCagvris~ (kiberCagvris) msxverpli. 84`virtualuri Cagvris~ gansakuTrebulobaimaSi mdgomareobs, rom es saSualebasaZlevs moZalades, darCes anonimuri, swafadgaavrcelos da gaamravlos gzavnilebi,ramac bavSvebis uzarmazar raodenobasSeiZleba ganacdevinos Cagvris uaRresadsastiki xasiaTi ise, rom Tavad amis Camdeniucnobi darCes.

4ratom ver axerxeben skolebi daZlionCagvra/daSinebaZlier xelmZRvanelobas, am sakiTxisadmigamudmebul yuradRebas da naTelsa da Tanmimdevrulstrategias SeuZlia Seamcirosincidentebis raodenoba da Cagvris sisastikeskolebSi da kidec aRkveTos igi. samwuxarod,umetesi skolebi eZeben sakiTxisswrafi da erTgvarovani gadawyvetis sa-Sualebebs anda zedapirulad udgebianproblemas. maT SeiZleba garicxon skolidanmoZaladeebi imis nacvlad, rom SeecadonSecvalon maTi qceva, rac, TavisTavad,problemis sxva skolisTvis an ufro farTosazogadoebisTvis gadabarebaa. skolebixSirad rTaven arasavaldebulo saswavloprogramebSi an specialur gakveTlebSiZaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul masalas,magram, Cveulebriv, es ar aris sakmarisiim codnisa da Cvevebis gasaRrmaveblad,romlebic mimarTulia iqiTken, rom maswavleblebmada moswavleebma gaacnobieronZaladoba da aRkveTon igi. 85skolebSi Cagvra umetesad maSin iCens Tavs,rodesac maswavlebeli iq ar imyofeba darodesac bavSvebi, romlebic amis TviTmxilvelebiarian, arc erevian da arc atyobinebenamis Sesaxeb maswavleblebs an skolissxva TanamSromels. kanadaSi Catarebulmakvlevam aCvena, rom im SemTxvevaTa 57%-Si,rodesac TviTmxilvelebi Careulan, CagvraSewyvetila. 86 CrdiloeT amerikelma bavSvebma,romlebic monawileobdnen am kvlevisfarglebSi gamarTul bavSvTa forumeb-Si, wamoayenes winadadeba, rom problemisdaZlevis erT-erTi gzaa TviTmxilvelebisdamcvelebad gadaqceva TanatolTa daxmarebisprogramebis meSveobiT.Cxubi, fizikuri Seuracxyofa dabandebiCxubSi, Cveulebriv, monawileobs ori anmeti adamiani da Znelia gaarkvio, vin arismoZalade da vin _ msxverpli.Cagvra/daSineba SeiZleba gadaizardos CxubSi,iaraRis gamoyenebiT an iaraRis gareSe.fizikurma Zaladobam SeiZleba TaviiCinos rogorc damoukidebelma fenomenma,erT adamianze meore adamianis TavdasxmiT,rodesac es ukanaskneli sibrazisan eWvianobis grZnobiT aris marTuli, Sei-Zleba gamowveuli iyos iseTi grZnobebiT,rogoricaa mrisxaneba, daukmayofileblobaan damcireba, rac ar aris provocirebulimsxverplis mier, iseve, rogorcseqsualuri Zaladobisa da uazro srolisSemTxvevaSi.`skolis asakis bavSvebis jansaRi qcevis~Temaze 2001-02 wlebSi CatarebuligamokiTxvis monacemTa analizma aCvena,rom skolis asakis bavSvebi, dawyebulifineli bavSvebis 25%-iT da damTavrebulilitveli bavSvebis 49%-iT, bolo 12 TvisganmavlobaSi monawileobdnen CxubebSi daCxubi ufro xSirad xdeboda biWebSi, vidregogonebSi (ix. diagrama 4.3.). 87 moswavleTajanmrTelobis sakiTxebze globaluri saskologamokiTxvebis farglebSi Catarebulibolodroindeli gamokiTxvebis Sedegebisanalizma naTelyo, rom Cxubi ufroxSiria ganviTarebad qveynebSi da ganvi-Tarebadi qveynebis gogonebi ufro xSiradxdebian Cxubis monawileni, vidre gogonebiganviTarebuli da gardamavali ekonomikisqveynebidan (ix. diagrama 4.3). 88biWebi, cdiloben ra miesadagon mamakacisstereotips, romelic, maTi gagebiT,Zlieri da Ronieria, iltvian CaerTon xe-141Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`ori bavSvi Cxubobda da erT-erTma amoiRo iaraRi... Zalian bevri xalxi iyo daman ar isrola, magram aravin rom ar yofiliyo, vfiqrob, esroda~.biWi, 11 wlis, CrdiloeT amerika, 2005 VIIIdiagrama 4.111, 13 da 15 wlis bavSvebis procentuli odenoba, romlebic ganicdidnenCagvras/daSinebas ukanaskneli 2 Tvis ganmavlobaSi142Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSilitva (N=5630)portugalia (N=2919)latvia (N=3442)ukraina (N=4038)avstria (N=4440)estoneTi (N=3979)Sveicaria (N=4652)grenlandia (N=832)ruseTi (N=8026)belgia (N=10556)germania (N=5582)kanada (N=4331)aSS (N=4956)norvegia (N=4955)safrangeTi (N=8103)poloneTi (N=6351)didi britaneTi (N=14122)niderlandebi (N=4230)dania (N=4646)italia (N=4353)yof. iurgoslavia amJ. makedonia (N=4145)malta (N=1945)irlandia (N=2830)xorvatia (N=4384)espaneTi (N=5785)fineTi (N=5336)saberZneTi (N=3788)bulgareTi (N=4145)slovenia (N=3936)CexeTis respublika (N=4970)SvedeTi (N=3828)646544564552485041484247394246413540304034403738333630353634273332322732323125312531183024292128252721272326mdedrobiTi242323mamrobiTi22151715150 20 40 60 80 100wyaro: `skolis asakis bavSvebis jansaRi qcevis~ Temaze Catarebuli kvlevis monacemTa analizi:janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis saxelmwifoTaSoriso kvleva 2001-2002 (http://www.hbsc.org) da Currie C da sxvebi. (2001). `skolis asakis bavSvebis jansaRi qceva~: janmrTelobis msoflioorganizaciis saxelmwifoTaSoriso kvleva. kvlevis oqmi 2001-2002 wlebis gamokiTxvisaTvis.edinburgi, bavSvTa da zrdasrulTa janmrTelobis kvlevis ganyofileba, edinburgis universiteti.

4diagrama 4.213-15 wlis bavSvTa procentuli odenoba, romlebmac ukanaskneli 30 dRisganmavlobaSi erTxel mainc ganicades Cagvra/daSinebazambia (N=2257)zimbabve (N=1997)kenia (N=3691)namibia (N=6367)4851676360575757bosnia (N=2197)uganda (N=3215)Cile (metropolitenisregioni) (N=2111)iordania (N=2457)svazilendi (N=7341)guana (N=1212)libani (N=5115)venesuela (N=2166)filipinebi (N=7338)omani (N=2979)arabeTis gaerTianebuliemiratebi (N=15790)CineTi (N=2348)1723wyaro: winamdebare kvlevisTvis `skolis moswavleTa janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli globalurigamokiTxvis~ mier warmodgenili analizi: janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia (http://who.int/chp/gshs anhttp://www.cdc.gov/gshs), 2003/05 wlebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvisaTvis.172529384338433936373736373541424352530 20 40 60 80505050mdedrobiTimamrobiTiprocentuli maCvenebeli143Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

144Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSilCarTul CxubSi da miayenon erTmaneTsSeuracxyofa. 89 keniis universitetis studentebssTxoves, daeweraT TavianTi `bavSvobismogonebebi~. yvelaze naTlad isiniixsenebdnen maswavleblebis mxridan Zaladobas,magram bavSvebSi Cagvrisa da Cxubisxseniebisas Canda, rom isini amas arc ki miiCnevdnengaxsenebis Rirsad da saskolokulturis nawilad Tvlidnen. 90mkvleloba da sxeulis mZimedazianebamkvleloba da Tavdasxma, romelsac Sedegadsxeulis mZime dazianeba mohyveba, SedarebiTiSviaTi fenomenia skolebSi da Sesabamisad,Zalian mcirea mTeli sazogadoebissisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis fonze.mediis gamZafrebulma yuradRebam eqstremalurimovlenebisadmi _ danebiT Cxubida iaraRis srola skolebSi _ damaxinjebuliwarmodgena Seqmna aseTi saxis ZaladobismasStaburobaze. Tumca, amave dros,warmoiSva kiTxva, arsebobs Tu ara kavSiriskolebSi Zaladobasa da skolis gareT mozardebisada zrdasrulebis mier Cadenilsisxlis samarTlis danaSaulebs Soris.kvlevisas Catarebuli `bavSvebis forumebisa~da `regionuli konsultaciebis~farglebSi bavSvebis, mSoblebis, maswavleblebisada sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisgamokiTxvam naTelyo, rom skolaSi gamovleniliZaladobis eqstremaluri formebisaWiroebs seriozul Seswavlas. iamaikaSiCatarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom moswavle-Ta 61%-ma Tavis Tavze gamoscada skolaSiZaladobis aqti, romlis 29% dasrulda sxeulisdazianebiT. ase rom, uamravi bavSvidaucvelad grZnobs Tavs skolaSi. 91 iamaikaSi2004 wels mkvlelobaTa odenoba 100000 bavSvze iyo 55 da im adamianebis 25%,romlebic dapatimrebuli iyvnen ZaladobisTvis,skolis asakis bavSvebi, ZiriTadadbiWebi, iyvnen. am danaSaulTa umetesinawili skolis farglebs gareT iyo Cadenili.Tumca calke Catarebulma kvlevamcxadyo, rom skolebSi Cadenil danaSaulTaumetesi nawili ganpirobebulia faqtorebiT,romlebic farTod aris gavrcelebuliiamaikis sazogadoebaSi da romlebicsaWiroebs mravalmxriv gadawyvetas. 92iaraRi skolebSiaSS-Si Catarebulma bolodroindelma kvlevamnaTelyo, rom 3%-dan 10%-mde moswavleskolis CanTiT atarebs iaraRs,xolo 12%-dan 25%-mde bavSvebisa iaraRsmxolod skolis gareT atarebs. imave kvlevamaRmoaCina, rom 13% moswavleebisa Cxub-Si erTveboda skolis SenobaSi, xolo 33%Cxubobda skolis gareT. kvlevam gamoavlina,rom moswavleTa 5%-ma ukanaskneli 30dRis ganmavlobaSi erTxel mainc gaacdinaskola, sakuTari usafrTxoebis mizniT. 93zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom aSS-Siim skolebSi, sadac biWebi atareben iaraRs,advili SesaZlebelia, rom iaraRi gogonebsachqondeT. 94kanadaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi gviCvenebs,rom iaraRis tareba kanadis skolebSi ise-Tive xSiria, rogorc aSS-Si. 95 skolidangaricxvis umetesi SemTxveva nova-skotia-Si dakavSirebulia iaraRis tarebasTan.sakamaToa, matulobs Tu iklebs iaraRistarebis SemTxvevaTa raodenoba CrdiloeTamerikaSi. igive SeiZleba iTqvas evropulskolebzec. amasTan faqtia, rom yvela saxisfizikuri Zaladoba uryevad ganagrZobsarsebobas. 96 sxva regionebSi iaraRi xSiradasocirebulia jgufur ZaladobasTan.

`bavSvebze Zaladobis mimarT tolerantuli damokidebulba udidesidabrkolebaa janmrTelobisa da ganviTarebisTvis evropaSi. Cven ver davuSvebT,rom Zaladoba ucvlelad agrZelebdes arsebobas; Cven unda mivmarToTZalisxmeva iqiTken, rom SevcvaloT winapirobebi, romlebic xels uwyobsbavSvebis msverplad qcevas~.doqtori mark danzoni, evropis regionuli direqtori, janmrTelobismsoflio organizacia4diagrama 4.311, 13 da 15 wlis bavSvebis procentuli odenoba, romlebmac ganacxades, romuCxubiaT ukanaskneli 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSiCineTi (N=2348)*fineTi (N=5363)**svazilendi (N=7341)*uganda (N=3215)*yof. iugoslavia amJ. Mmakedonia (N=4147)**germania (N=5610)**grenlandia (N=853)**zimbabve (harare) (N=1997)*venesuela (lara) (N=2166)*Sveicaria (N=4660)**guana (N=1212)*omani (N=2979)*kanada (N=4310)**aSS (N=4923)**Svecia (N=3810)**zambia (N=2257)*niderlandebi (N=4213)**kenia (N=3691)*filipinebi (N=7338)*portugalia (N=2901)**dania (N=4630)**safrangeTi (N=8140)**bosnia (N=2197)*Cile (metropolitenis regioni) (N=2111)*norvegia (N=4937)**espaneTi (N=5802)**irlandia (N=2857)**italia (N=4355)**xorvatia (N=4390)**namibia (N=6367)*didi britaneTi (N=14297)**arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebi (N=15790)*avstria (N=4449)**slovenia (N=3935)**malta (N=1961)**saberZneTi (N=3789)**poloneTi (N=6359)**belgia (N=10511)**latvia (N=3450)**ukraina (N=4050)**estoneTi (N=3977)**ungreTi (N=4132)**libani (N=5115)*ruseTi (N=8028)**iordania (N=2457)*litva (N=5639)**CexeTis respublika (N=4978)**61213151616182019182022232322242024212624252619272421182424282928282931323232293127373739404043454546473547484850424546505051515156535454545555555657585858585858596060*wyaro: `skolis asakisbavSvebis jansaRi qcevis~Temaze Catarebulikvlevis monacemTaanalizi: janmrTelobismsoflio organizaciissaxelmwifoTaSorisi kvleva2001-2002 (http://www.hbsc.org)da Currie C. da sxvebi (2001),`skolis asakis bavSvebisjansaRi qceva~: janmrTelobismsoflio organizaciissaxelmwifoTaSorisi kvleva.kvlevis oqmi 2001-2002 wlebisgamokiTxvisaTvis. edinburgi,bavSvTa da zrdasrulTajanmrTelobis kvlevisganyofileba, edinburgisuniversiteti. gamokiTxulebi_ 13-15 wlis moswavleebi.** wyaro: winamdebarekvlevisTvis `skolismoswavleTa janmrTelobasTandakavSirebuli globalurigamokiTxvis~ mierwarmodgenili analizi:janmrTelobis msoflioorganizacia (http://who.int/chp/gshs an http://www.cdc.gov/gshs), 2003-05 wlebSiCatarebuli gamokiTxvisaTvis.gamokiTxulebi _ 11, 13 da 15wlis moswavleebi.61626364656565666769mdedrobiTimamrobiTi0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80procentuli maCvenebeli145Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`erTi TviTac ki ar davbrundebodi skolaSi. yvelaferi, skolis formisCaTvliT, magonebs imas, rac gadamxda Tavs. me amas sizmarSi vxedav. is saklasooTaxSia da damcinis. zogjer miwevs gaviaro is darbazi, sadac misi saklasooTaxi iyo. vfiqrobdi, kvlav SeiZleba damenaxa igi. meSinoda, rom is isev iqiqneboda~.gogona, samxreTi afrika, 2001 IX146Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiTanatolTa dajgufebebis Seqmna Cveulebrivimovlenaa skolis cxovrebaSi, Tumcasaskolo garemoSi yalibdeba bandebic.bandebi Tanatolebis sxva dajgufebebisgangansxvavdebian ufro Camoyalibebuli formaluristruqturebiTa da ritualebiT.bandebis mxridan Zaladoba yvelaze metadgavrcelebulia iseT adgilebSi, sadacZaladoba, zogadad, fesvgadgmulia sazogadoebaSi.karibis zRvis auzis qveynebisregionuli konsultaciis warmomadgenlebmakvlevisTvis momzadebul moxsenebaSidaafiqsires, rom bandebis Zaladobaskolebis gareT da skolebSi paraleluradviTardeba. maTi moxsenebis Tanaxmad, bandebisZaladoba skolebSi vlindeba sastik cemaSi,daWrasa da srolaSi da igi amJRavnebsZaladobis ufro sastik formebs, vidre skolaSigamovlenili Zaladobis sxva formebi,radgan ukavSirdeba narkotikebiT ukanonovaWrobas. 97,98 laTinuri amerikis regionulikonsultaciis warmomadgenlebma gamoikvlies,rom jgufuri Zaladoba paraleluradviTardeba rogorc skolis SigniT, isemis farglebs gareT 99 (ix. Tavi `sazogadoebaSibavSvebze Zaladobis Sesaxeb~).skolaSi Zaladobiszegavlenaes qveTavi exeba Zaladobis SesaZlo zegavlenasskolaze. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, romes ar aris gardauvali da SesaZlebeliamisi minimumamde Semcireba im sxvadasxvaqmediTi Carevis saSualebiT, rac momdevnoTavebSi iqneba ganxiluli.zegavlena janmrTelobazeskolaSi Zaladoba SeiZleba fizikur da zianebaSigadaizardos, gamoiwvios fsiqologiuritanjva, fizikuri Sromis unaris mudmividaqveiTeba da xangrZlivi fizikurian fsiqikuri daavadeba. fizikuri Sedegiufro TvalSisacemia. igi SeiZleba gamoixatossaSualo an mZime WrilobiT, CalurjebiT,motexilobiT da sikvdiliTac ki,romelic SeiZleba iyos rogorc mkvleloba,ise TviTmkvleloba. seqsualurma ZaladobamSeiZleba gamoiwvios arasasurvelida adreuli orsuloba da sqesobrivi gziTgadamdebi daavadebebis, maT Soris, Sidsis,gavrceleba. 100 fsiqologiuri zegavlenaSeiZleba gamoixatos sulieri ganviTarebisSeferxebasa da grZelvadian fsiqologiurtramvasa da depresiaSi, ramac, Tavismxriv, SeiZleba imoqmedos fizikur janmrTelobazec.mravalma kvlevam naTelyo, rom arsebobsurTierTkavSiri fizikur dasjasa da fsiqikurdaavadebas Soris. 101 maSin, rodesacgamokvlevaTa umetesoba koncentrirebuliafizikur dasjaze ojaxebSi, nawiliTavis yuradRebas skolebSi fizikurdasjaze mimarTavs. evropulma kvlevam,romelic swavlobda depresiuli bavSvebispirad istoriebs, daadgina, rom skolaSifizikurma dasjam didi roli iTamaSa bavSvisdepresiul adamianad CamoyalibebaSi. 102aRiarebulia, rom Zaladoba skolis moswavleebsSoris mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdensrogorc fizikur, ise fsiqikur janmrTelobaze,gansakuTrebiT, Tuki es Zaladobapermanentul da sastik xasiaTs atarebsda amasTan, msxerpls ara aqvs adekvaturidacvis saSualeba. 103,104Cagvris/daSinebis sakiTxebze 28 evropulqveyanaSi Catarebulma kvlevam naTelyo,rom Cagvris/daSinebis fizikuri simptomebiSemdegia: Tavis tkivili, muclistkivili, xerxemlis tkivili da Tavbrus

4xveva, xolo fsiqologiuri simtomebia:cudi guneba, nevrozuloba, martoobisa daumweobis gancda. imave kvlevam, bavSvebisdiagrama 4.4im bavSvebis procentuli odenoba,romelTac ganacxades, rom maT`mTlianad akmayoflebT TavianTicxovreba~ da aqvT `SesaniSnavijanmrTeloba~. asaki: 11, 13 da 15 weli504030201004036arc sxebs Cagravsarc Tavad iCagrebacxovrebiT kmayofilebaSesaniSnavi janmrTelobawyaro: `skolis asakis bavSvebis jansaRiqcevis~ Temaze Catarebuli kvlevis monacemTaanalizi: janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciissaxelmwifoTaSoriso kvleva 2001-2002 (http://www.hbsc.org) da Currie C et al. (2001). `skolisasakis bavSvebis jansaRi qceva~: janmrTelobismsoflio organizaciis saxelmwifoTaSorisokvleva. kvlevis oqmi 2001-2002 wlebisgamokiTxvisaTvis. edinburgi, bavSvTa dazrdasrulTa janmrTeli kvlevis ganyofileba,edinburgis universiteti.2927N=75507 N=73785 N=77884 N=74227Cagravs sxvebsan CagravenmonaTxrobze dayrdnobiT, daadgina, romrac ufro xSirad iCagreboda bavSvi, miTmeti avadmyofuri simtomi uCndeboda mas.es `dozaze damokidebuleba~ identuriarogorc biWebSi, ise gogonebSi. 105 Temaze`skolis asakis bavSvebis qceva, romeliczegavlenas axdens maT janmrTelobaze~ganviTarebuli da gardamavali ekonomikis30 qveyanaSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvismonacemebis Tanaxmad aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebi,romlebic monawileobdnen CagvraSi/daSinebaSi an Tavad iyvnen Cagvris msxverpli,sxva bavSvebisgan gansxvavebiT, naklebadambobdnen, rom maT `SesaniSnavi janmr-Treloba aqvT~ an `Zalian kmayofilebi ariancxovrebiT~ (ix. diagrama 4.4). 106 is bavSvebi,romlebic ambobdnen, rom isini iyvnenrogorc moZaladeebi, ise msxverpli, yvelazenaklebad aRniSnavdnen, rom `Sesani-Snavi janmrTreloba aqvT~ an `Zalian kmayofilebiarian cxovrebiT~.sxvadasxva saxis socialurizegavlenasxvadasxva qveyanaSi Catarebulma kvlevamnaTelyo, rom skolaSi fizikuri dasjisan bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis romelimesxva formis gamovlineba socialuri TvalsazrisiTmkveTrad uaryofiT xasiaTsatarebs. bolodroindelma kvlevam kamerunSigvaCvena, rom fizikuri dasja saxlSida skolaSi uTanabrdeba socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis Seferxebas. fizikuridasjis msxverplebs didi albaTobaaqvT, Camoyalibdnen pasiur da metismetadfrTxil adamianebad, romelTac eSiniaTsakuTari azris gamoTqmis da grZnobebisgamoxatvis da, amave dros, isini midrekiliarian Camoyalibdnen moZaladeebad. 107147Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`Tuki maT (bavSvebs) saxlSi scemen, isinic sxvebs scemen, Tuki mSoblebicudad eqcevian da ar esaubrebian, bavSvebi scemen sxvebs, radgan isini Tavadarian nacemi. isini gaakeTeben cxovrebaSi imas, rasac saxlSi xedaven. es arisZaladobis safuZveli~.mozardi gogona, laTinuri amerika, 2005 X148Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSizogierTi gamokvlevis Sedegad warmoiSvaazri, rom bavSvebs, romlebsac fizikuradsjidnen, sxva bavSvebTan SedarebiT naklebadSeuZliaT moraluri faseulobebisgaTaviseba. isini naklebad uZlebencdunebas, naklebad axasiaTebT altruistuliqceva da sxva adamianebis mimarTTanagrZnoba; naklebad SeuZliaT nebismierisaxis moraluri kritikis mosmena. 108isini midrekili arian TavSeukavebeli daagresiuli qcevisken, rogoricaa da-Zmis,mSoblebis, klaselebis, megobari biWisa Tugogos cema 109 da SeiZleba CamoyalibdneniseT zrdasrul adamianebad, romlebic Tavadacdasjian fizikurad sakuTar Svilebsda didi albaTobaa, CamouyalibdeT ZaladobriviCvevebi. 110CrdiloeT amerikulma da evropulma kvlevebmacxadyo, rom skolaSi Cagvrisfenomeni, miuxedavad imisa, bavSvi mo-Zaladea, msxverpli Tu orive erTad, Sei-Zleba gaxdes winapiroba antisocialurida kriminaluri qcevisa momavalSi, racmoicavs intimur partniorze Zaladobas,CxubisTavobas da TviTdamangrevel qcevas_ gadaWarbebul mowevasa da smas. 111.112zegavlena ganaTlebazewinamdebare kvlevisTvis gamiznuli regionulikonsultaciebis farglebSi skolaSifizikuri da fsiqologiuri dasja,verbaluri Seuracxyofa, daSineba da seqsualuriZaladoba araerTgzis yofiladafiqsirebuli absentizmis, gariyvisa daakademiuri miRwevebis motivaciis ararsebobismizezad. Save the Children-is mierkvlevisTvis wardgenili moxsenebis Tanaxmad,bangladeSelma bavSvebma Tqves, romfizikurma da sastikma da damamcirebelmadasjam gavlena iqonia maT qcevaze skolaSida isini afasebdnen keTil da gulisxmiermaswavlebleblebs, romlebic uxsnidnen daara wvrTnidnen maT. 113 Cagvris/daSinebiszegavlena ganaTlebaze naklebad aris Seswavlilisxva fsiqologiur Tu socialurifaqtorebTan SedarebiT, magram cnobilia,rom rogorc moZaladeebSi, ise msxverpleb-Si SeimCneva tendencia, ufro dabali niSnebismirebisa, vidre aqvT sxva bavSvebs. 114aseve vlindeba urTierTkavSiri Cagvras/daSinebas, sxva bavSvebTan urTierTobisararsebobasa da absentizms Soris. 115im monacemTa analizma, romelic Seagrovaorganizaciam `tendenciebi saerTaSorisomaTematikasa da sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi~(TIMSS) 49 qveyanaSi me-8 da me-9klasis maTematikisa da sazogadoebrivmecnierebaTa moswavleebze dakvirvebiT,naTelyo, rom im skolebSi, sadac didiyuradReba eqceoda Sejibrebas da maRalda dabal niSnebs Soris gansxvavebas, bavSvebiufro midrekili iyvnen erTmaneTismimarT Zaladobisken. 116 imave monacemebissxva analizma aCvena, rom ar vlindeba myariurTierTkavSiri skolaSi Zaladobasa daZaladobis models an farTo sazogadoebaSisocialuri integraciis naklebobasSoris. 117samxreT aziaSi Catarebuli rigi kvlevebisagvaCvenebs, rom skolebSi Zaladoba,gansakuTrebiT dasjis iseTi formebi,rogoricaa fizikuri dasja, iwvevs moswavleebismier swavlisTvis Tavis danebebas.nepalSi Catarebulma kvlevam, sadac sastikifizikuri dasja tradiciuladaa misaRebi,naTelyo, rom moswavleebis 14%-maswavlas Tavi maswavleblebis SiSiT daaneba.118 Save the Children-is mier kvlevisTviswardgenili moxsenebis Tanaxmad, samxreTazieli bavSvebi erTsulovnad Tvlidnen,rom swavlisTvis Tavis danebebis mTavari

`me invalidi var da ver vitan im bavSvebs, romlebic amaze mimiTiTeben~.8-10 wlis bavSvi, samxreT azia, 2005 XI4mizezi skolaSi gamefebuli fizikuri dasjaa.bavSvebi ambobdnen, rom sistematuricema akargvinebs maT swavlis interess dasurvils akademiur wreebSi moxvedrisa. 119samxreT afrikaSi Catarebulma kvlevebmaaCvena, rom seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplebsise mtrulad eqcevian, rom isiniiZulebuli arian garkveuli droiT gaacdinonskola, gadavidnen sxva skolebSi ansaerTod Tavi daanebon swavlas, xolo maswavleblebian moZaladeebi rCebian TavianTadgilebze. 120,121,122,123 afrikis, aziisa dakaribis zRvis auzis qveyanaTa umravlesobaSigogonebi, romlebic daorsuldnen seqsualuriZaladobis Sedegad, iZulebuliiyvnen, Tavi daenebebinaT swavlisTvis dauari eTqvaT ganaTlebaze, riTac, Sesabamisad,riskis qveS ayenebdnen TavianT momavalkeTildReobas.faqtorebi, romlebicgavlenas axdensZaladobazerisk-faqtorebirisk-faqtorebi xels uwyoben bavSvis msxverpladan moZaladed qcevas skolaSi,xolo damcavi faqtorebi amcireben amisalbaTobas. rogorc individualuri, isegareSe faqtorebi (rogorc skolis SigniT,ise skolis gareT) mniSvnelovan gavlenasaxdenen imaze, moZaladed CamoyalibdebabavSvi Tu mniSvnelovnad daziandeba ZaladobisSedegad. 124,125,126skolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli bavSvebzeZaladobis risk-faqtorebis kvleva arwarmarTula saerTaSoriso konteqstSida igi fokusirebulia erTi asakis jgufisfarglebSi Zaladobaze. ZiriTadad industriulqveynebSi Catarebulma kvlevamaCvena, rom zegavlenebi icvleba ganviTarebissafexurTan erTad, magaliTad: ojaxisgavlena ufro Zlieria patara asakSi, xolomozardebSi ufro Zlieria Tanatolebisgavlena. 127 mniSvnelovani risk-faqtorebiskolebSi, romlebic aSkarad ikveTeba kvlevidan,aris susti akademiuri moswreba,xSiri gacdena, skolidan adre wasvla dadaugegmavi Tavisufali dro. 128,129 amasTan,kvlevaSi gamoikveTa sxva cxovrebiseuliaspeqtebic, romlebic damaxasiaTebeliaskolisTvis. magaliTad, Zaladobas win uZ-Rvis Semdegi faqtorebia: riskiani qceva,susti socialuri kavSirebi, megobrobaantisazogadoebriv TanatolebTan, urTierTobisnakleboba mSoblebsa da bavSvebsSoris, narkotikebis moxmareba, Sesustebulian araTanamimdevruli disciplina,mSoblebis mxridan susti meTvalyureoba.aSS-Si Catarda kvleva, romlis fargleb-Sic gamoikiTxa 12-dan 17 wlamde 1 467 bavSvi,nel-nela msxevrplad qcevis fenomenisSeswavlis mizniT. kvlevam aCvena, rom zogierTibavSvi SeiZleba iyos `polimsxverpli~(msxverpli mravali tipis Zaladobisa),rac gulisxmobs mravamxrivi Cagvris gancdas,rogoricaa fizikuri dasja mSoblebismxridan, seqsualuri Zaladoba naTesavebismxridan, fsiqologiuri Tavdasxma Tanatolebismxridan da aseve Tanatolebismier Cagvra/daSineba. poli-daCagvris xangrZlivobadakavSirebulia imasTan, Turamdenad swafad brazdeba da xdeba agresiulibavSvi, aseve ramdenad ganicdis igi cxovrebiseulsirTuleebs. imas, visac bevrimegobari hyavda, naklebad iyo ganwyobiliZaladobisken. 130Zaladoba skolaSi naklebad aCvenebs izolirebuliSemTxvevebis tendencias da149Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

150Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiufro ixreba Zaladobis garkveuli modelebisken.Sesabamisi sistemis SeumuSaveblobispirobebSi aseTi modelebi normissaxiT yalibdeba da SesaZlebelia mwvavesaxec miiRos. ar arsebobs romelime erTifaqtori an faqtorTa kombinacia, romelicdaicavda bavSvs Zaladobisgan. riskfaqtorebiar moqmedeben izolirebuladda maTi zemoqmedeba SeiZleba Sesustdesmxolod damcavi faqtorebis dapirispirebiT.gamZleobis koncefcia iTvaliswinebsrigs damcavi faqtorebisa, rac cnobilialiteraturaSi, rogorc Zaladobisgan dasxva risk-faqtorebisgan mniSvnelovanidamcavi meqanizmi.gamZleoba da sxva damcavifaqtorebibavSvis gamZleoba SeiZleba ganimartos,rogorc bavSvis unari, `warmatebiT da-Zlios yoveldRiuri gamowveva, rogoricaacxovrebiseuli gardaqmnebi, dagrovilistresi, mniSvnelovani usiamovnebebi an riski.Cveulebriv, gamZle bavSvebi gamoirCevianTavmoyvareobiT, Sinagani kontroliT,optimizmiTa da naTeli midrekilebebiT,miRwevebiT da mizanswrafviT, problemisaRqmisa da gadaWris unariT, janmrTelikomunikaciebiT da unariT, eZion srulyofiliurTierTobebi~. 131skolebs mniSvnelovani rolis TamaSi Seu-ZliaT bavSvebis gamZleobisa da keTildReobisSegrZnebebis CamoyalibebaSi, racSeamcirebs Cagvris/daSinebis albaTobas. 132ojaxebsa da TemebSi ufrosebi da TanatolebibavSvis gamZle adamianad Camoyalibebasmisi dabadebisTanave an iwyeben,an ver axerxenen amas. myar ojaxebSi ZalianmniSvnelovania kargi aRzrda. Zlieri,adreuli urTierTkavSiri mSoblebsa daSvilebs Soris yalibdeba Tbil da urTierTpativiscemazedamyarebul ojaxSi.bavSvis mzrunvelobiT aRzrda pataraobidanvemetad mniSvnelovania bavSvSi gam-Zleobis Camosayalibeblad. 133 skolas Seu-Zlia kompensireba imisa, rac ver SeZloojaxma an sazogadoebam, gansakuTrebiT,Tuki igi adreuli asakidan uwevs bavSvsZlier Tanadgomas. skolebs agreTve Seu-ZliaT iTamaSon xidis roli bavSvebsa damaT mSoblebsa da sazogadoebas Soris,daexmaron ojaxebsa da sazogadoebas imisgacnobierebaSi, Tu rogor azianeben isinibavSvebs da aswavlon, rogor unda gaxdnenufro mzrunveli.avstraliaSi Catarebuli kvlevis SedegadwarmoiSva azri, rom skolebma erToblivadunda Camoayalibon mravalmxrivi midgomebi,gamiznuli risk-faqtorebis Sesamcirebladda, amave dros, damcavi faqtorebisgasaZliereblad. maswavleblebis,mSoblebis da sxva zrdasruli adamianebismxridan daxmareba iseve mniSvnelovania,rogorc mxardamWeri Tanatolebis yolada socialurad orientirebuli jgufebisadmimikuTvneba. aseTma erTianma midgomamskolebSi dadebiTad imoqmeda moswavleTafsiqikur janmrTelobazec. 134,135sxva damcavi faqtorebi, romlebic identificirebuliasxva naSromebSi, agreTvemiesadageba skolis garemos, Tumca saerTa-Soriso konteqstSi kvleva jer ver Catarda.magaliTad, urTierToba mzrunvel dakeTilismsurvel damrigebel ufrosebTan,socialurad orientirebuli qcevis meSveobiT,xels uwyobs bavSvSi gamZleobisCamoyalibebas. yvela kargi maswavlebelikeTilad uZRveba da icavs bavSvs yoveldRiurad.136 bavSvisaTvis damcavi faqtoria,aseve, imis codna, rom damnaSave bavSvismimarT konkretuli sanqciebi gatardeba,

`Cemma klaselebma icodnen, rom mSoblebi damexoca, magram mainc miqmnidnenproblemebs. me gariyuli viyavi. micnobdnen rogorc `Sidsis Svils~. bavSvebs arundodaT Cem gverdiT jdoma~.biWi, romelsac `Sidsis servis-organizacia~ uxdida swavlis fuls, 2004 XII4vinaidan es xazs usvams qcevis mkafio wesebisarsebobisa da maTi Sesrulebis mniSvnelobas.garda amisa, skolebs SeuZliaTxeli Seuwyon TanatolTa Zlieri jgufebisCamoyalibebasa da socialuri kavSirebisgaRrmavebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, bavSvis gamZleobisCamoyalibebas uwyobs xels da mniSvnelovaniwinapirobaa TanagrZnobis, konfliqtebisdaregulirebisa da kritikuliazrovnebis ganviTarebsaTvis. 137,138skolaSi ganapirobebs Zaladoba, romelicaris skolis gareT. socialurma gadatrialebamda mTavrobis gadayenebam, dabalakademiur miRwevebTan erTad, SeiZlebaZaladobamde miiyvanos moswavle. palestinisokupirebul teritoriaze da alJir-Si biWebi, romlebic gadmosulebi ariansxva skolebidan da rCebian klasSi, ufromidrekili arian Zaladobisken, vidre maTiTanatolebi. 142sistematuri reagirebaZaladobis gamovlenazemarTalia, bavSvebisTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelobaaqvs ojaxebisa da TanatolebismxardaWeras skolaSi Zaladobis naklebmtkivneuladgadasatanad, kvlevam naTelyo,rom mniSvnelovania, agreTve, sistematuradmieqces saTadano yuradReba skolebisxelmZRvanelebis, maswavleblebis dasxva TanamSromlebis qcevas. Tuki isiniSeuracxmyofelad eqcevian da ugulebelyofenbavSvebis uflebebs, sxvebis usafrTxoebasda simSvides, bavSvebma SeiZleba mihbaZonmaT magaliTs. CrdiloeT amerikaSiCatarebulma araerTma kvlevam gvaCvenauSulo kavSiri am TvalsazrisiT Tanmimdevrulmoqmedebasa da bavSvebSi ZaladobasSoris. 139 msgavsi urTierTkavSiri iyoaRmoCenili iemenSi Catarebuli kvlevisdrosac. 140 botsvanasa da ganaSi Catarebulmakvlevebma aCvena, rom Tuki maswavlebeliSemwynareblurad uyurebs genderulsegregacias da daZabul urTierTobas sxvadasxvasqess Soris, igi amiT xels uwyobsCagvrisa da seqsualuri da genderuliZaladobis damkvidrebas. 141amerikaSi, samxreT afrikasa da qveynebSi,sadac samoqalaqo konfliqtebia, magali-Tad, nepalsa da siera-leoneSi, Zaladobasarsebobs mtkicebulebebi imisa, rom daundobeliSejibreba TanatolebSi, sqesobriviniSniT Zaladoba da jgufuri ZaladobaskolebSi garkveulwilad momdinareobsmodernizaciisa da industrializaciisTanamdevi stresebidan. es fenomeni ufroda ufro metad vlindeba industriul answrafad industrializebul qveynebSi, vidresoflebsa da ganviTarebad qveynebSi.im qveynebis pasuxebis analizi, romelTacSeavses kiTxvarebi kvlevisTvis, naTelyofs,rom industriulad swrafad mzardregionebSi, rogoricaa aRmosavleT azia,sazogadoebis SeSfoTebis sagani axlaRaxdeba bavSvebis Cagvra/daSineba da bavSvebismimarT Zaladobis sxva formebi. 143bavSvebi, romlebicgansakuTrebiT daucvelniarian Zaladobis winaSeZaladobis winaSe daucveloba icvlebabavSvis zrdasTan erTad. Cvilobisa daadreuli bavSvobis asakSi SemecnebiTi unarinaklebadaa ganviTarebuli, xolo aqtiurobisdone maRalia; ase rom, imisaTvis,rom bavSvs Tavidan aacilon safrTxe daTviTdazianebis saSiSroeba, aseve aswavlonufrosebisaTvis misaRebi qceva, ufrosebmaSeiZleba mimarTon daSinebas, cemas ansxva fizikur saSualebas. 144 adreul, wina-151Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`radganac erTxel mamam ver SeZlo gamoevlo Cemi disTvis skolaSi, mas martomouwia saxlSi wamosvla. gzad oTxi tipi aekida, magram man ver SeZlo esmamisTvis eTqva; me ki miTxra, magram mamas verc me vuTxari~.biWi, samxreTi azia, 2005 VIIIsaimonis istoria: konkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilva _bavSvis cxovreba da Zaladoba skolaSidRis sabavSvo baRi: `mezizRebodnen gogonebi da mudmivad vabrazebdi maT~.`dedaCemma wamiyvana sabavSvo baRSi. uecrad me gavxdi racionaluri, vfiqrobdikonstrucqiul sagnebze _ saTamaSo manqanebis awyobaze, rac viswavle sxvabavSvebisgan. me mezizReboda gogonebi da mudmivad vabrazebdi maT. Cemsdanaxvaze isini garbodnen, radgan SemeZlo romelime maTgani umizezod mecema.Cvens baRSi daiwyo muSaoba kaTolike monazonma. man daamkvidra CvenTan iseTiTamaSebi, rogoricaa damalobana, gvaswavlida simRerebs. Cven vTamaSobdiTgogonebTan erTad. gasakviria, magram yvela gogona Semiyvarda da daviwye iseTisimRerebis mRera, romlebiTac vadidebdi maT da vadarebdi vards~.152Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSisaSualo skolis Sua klasebi: `Cven yovelTvis velodiT cemas umciresiSecdomisTvisac ki~.`zogjer gvcemdnen, imitom rom Cveni perangis sayelo iyo WuWyiani, an frCxilebigvqonda grZeli. sasjeli Zalian mkacri iyo. SeuZlebelia, rom dRis 4 saaTisTvisaqtiuri moswavlis sayelo qaTqaTebdes, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tuki bavSvi avadaa.maTematikis maswavlebeli 2 saaTis ganmavlobaSi gvayenebda muxlebze SabaTdRes, Tuki ver amovxsnidiT amocanas. SeiZleba qvazec ki daveyenebineT~.saSualo skolis zeda klasebi: `bavSvebs mudmivad unda elaparakaTinglisurad, rom ar gamoewviaT maswavleblebis wyroma~.saSualo skolis meoTxe klasSi gamogvicxades, rom zeda klasis (me-4 klasidanme-8 klasamde) yvela moswavlem unda ilaparakos mxolod inglisurad. Tukivinme dailaparakebda mSobliur enaze an kisuahilize, klasis disciplinazezedamxedveli moswavle maSinve Caiwerda maT gvarebs da sias maswavlebelsgadascemda. amis Semdeg yvelas Sekrebdnen da joxiT scemdnen: me-4 klaselmoswavles xvdeboda eqvsi joxi, me-5 klasels – 7, xolo me-6-dan me-8 klasamdemoswavles – 10 joxi. maswavleblebi dgebodnen rigSi da TiToeuls SeeZlomoswavlisTvis joxi daertya. gasakviria, magram maswavlebel qalebs arc cemisda arc cemaze daswrebis ufleba ar hqondaT. iRvreboda cremlebi, gamodiodabrZolisa da kivilis xmebi. es sxva arafers badebda, garda SiSisa da zizRisa~. 145

4saskolo asakSi, bavSvi qcevis wesebs, diskriminaciuliqcevis wesebis CaTvliT, sxvebisganiZens, rac ukve dawyebiT skolaSivlindeba _ mas uviTardeba mCagvrelis (anmsxverplis) Tvisebebi. adreul asakSi ukveSeiZleba iCinos Tavi genderulma Zaladobamac,rac verbaluri SeuracxyofiT gamoixateba;igi viTardeba seqsualuri simwifismiRwevamde da mis Semdegac da iqmnebapotenciuri saSiSroeba fizikuri Zaladobisgamoyenebisa. saimonis ambavi naTelyofs,Tu ramdenad unikaluria TiToeulibavSvis gamocdileba ZaladobasTan dakav-SirebiT da rogor icvleba igi asakis momatebasbTanerTad (ix. CanarTi).bavSvis individualurma maxasiaTeblebmaSeiZleba imoqmedos daucvelobaze. CrdiloeTamerikeli mkvlevarebi miiCneven,rom bavSvi, romelsac aqvs fizikuri naklida uWirs swavla, xSirad xdeba gariyvis,diskriminaciisa da daSinebis samizne. 146bavSvebi, romelTac aqvT metyvelebis defeqtida bavSvebi, romelTa moZraobebigaZnelebulia mravaljeradi distrofiiT,aseve xSirad iCagrebian. faqtebisumetesoba Tavs iCens skolebSi unarSez-Rudul bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi. TumcaiseT skolebSic ki, romelTac aqvT mkve-Trad gamoxatuli integraciuli politikada miswrafeba, orientirebuli stigmis,diskriminaciisa da Cagvris daZlevaze,jer-jerobiT ver xerxdeba am problemismogvareba. 147 ganviTarebadi qveynebidanmwiri masala mogvepoveba, magram samxreTaziaSi Catarebulma kvlevam naTelyo, romunarSezRudul bavSvebs xSirad ixseniebenmaTi naklis miTiTebiT, TiTqos maT ase erqvaT.148 kvlevebma, romlebic Catarda axloaRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeT amerikis SvidqveyanaSi, cxadyo, rom bavSvebSi, romelTacuWirdaT swavla, arsebobs Zlieri riskiimisa, rom gaxdnen Cagvris/daSinebis Camdenian msxverpli, rogorc skolis SigniT,ise mis gareT. 149`autsaideri~ bavSvebi, ltolvilebisa damkvidri umciresobebis CaTvliT, yvelazemetad arian gariyvis, diskriminaciisa daCagvris potenciuri msxverpli. avstraliaSiCatarebulma kvlevam naTelyo, rom aborigenbavSvebs maswavleblebic da maTi Tanatolebicufro metad ayeneben Seuracxyofas,vidre sxva bavSvebs. 150 botsvanaSi xelisuflebismier Catarebulma kvlevam cxadyo,rom Zalian maRalia bosarveli (an saneli)bavSvebis mier skolis mitovebis SemTxvevaTaraodenoba, rac ukavSirdeba maTze winaswarSeqmnil warmodgenebs da maT Cagvras; gardaamisa, amis mizezia is faqti, rom fsiqologiurida fizikuri dasjis meTodebi ucxoamaTi kulturisTvis. 151 nomadebis bavSvebmacSeiZleba ver miiRon ganaTleba imis gamo, rommaTi garicxvis, dikriminaciisa da CagvrisalbaToba Zalian maRalia.samxreT afrikaSi oficialuri kastebisada aborigeni tomebis bavSvebi ganicdiandiskriminaciasa da Cagvras da maT xSiradricxaven skolebidan. laTinur amerikaSiaborigen bavSvebs ekrZalebaT tradiciulisamoselisa da varcxnilobis tareba. 152ganviTarebul qveynebSi eTnikuri umciresobebisbavSvebi, romlebic atareben religiursamoss, magaliTad, `hijabis~ an `burkas~,diskriminacias ganicdian saxelmwifosan ganaTlebis sistemis xelmZRvanelipirebis mxridan. aseTi saxis diskriminaciasSeiZleba ewodos fsiqologiuri Zaladoba,ramdenadac igi gulisxmobs damokidebulebas,rom es bavSvebi naklebad faseuliarian, radgan sxvebisgan gansxvavdebian damaTi gansxvavebuloba unda daiTrgunos.oboli bavSvebi xSirad iricxebian skolebidanan rCebian klasSi da maTi daswrebis done153Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

154Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiufro dabalia sxva bavSvebTan SedarebiTim qveynebSi, sadac moswavleTa daswrebisdone isedac dabalia. 153,154 afrikaSi obolian aiv/Sidsis virusiT dasneulebuli bavSvebiaseve itanjebian stigmisgan, miuxedavadimisa, rom isini isedac daCagrulebiarian TavianTi ubedurebiT, siRaribiTada umcrosi da-Zmis aRzrdiT. Human RightsWatch-is mier axlaxan Catarebulma kvlevamdokumenturad asaxa, Tu ra gavlenaaqvs imunodeficitis viruss da Sidss bavSvebisTvisganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobazekeniaSi, samxreT afrikasa da ugandaSi. dokumenturadaaaRricxuli, aseve, rogoraqcevs dacinvis obieqtebad skolaSi arsebulistigma am bavSvebs da rogor uZneldebaTmaT maswavleblebTan ojaxSi arsebuliavadmyofobis Sesaxeb saubari. 155 dumili daSiSi, romliTac garemoculia imunodeficitisvirusiT daavadebuli, xSirad iwvevsdaavadebuli bavSvis mier swavlisTvis Tavisdanebebas an mis garicxvas skolidan. esxdeba ara marto samxreT afrikaSi, aramedyvelgan _ boliviis, el-salvadoris, ganas,haitis, indoeTisa da nepalis CaTvliT. 156gogonebis gansakuTrebulimdgomareobaTiTqmis yvelgan aris adgilobrivi dawyebiTiskolebi, magram bavSvebs xSirad uwevTsaxlidan wasvla skola-internatebSiswavlis gasagrZeleblad, aseve uxdebaTcxovreba naTesavebTan dawyebiTi skolismaRal klasebSi swavlisas da saSualoganaTlebis misaRebad. Cveulebriv, es exebasoflebs, sadac mosaxleoba kanti-kuntadcxovrobs, aseve mTian da Znelad misadgomadgilebs. mSoblebi SiSoben, rom maTgogonebs SeiZleba Tavs daesxnen mgzavrobisas,avtobusebSi, quCebSi. World Educaioniskvlevam peruSi aRmoaCina, rom rac ufroUNICEF/HQ04-0611. Giacomo Pirozziazerbaijani, 2004 weli. ori bavSvi internatidanqalaq SeqSididia gogonas mier gasavleli gza, miT metiaalbaToba, aekidon mas. bevri perueligogonaa seqsualuri Zaladobis, gaupatiurebisda arasasurveli orsulobis riskismatarebelia da, Sesabamisad, izrdebagacdenebis, klasSi darCenisa da garicxvisSemTxvevaTa raodenobac. 157kampaniam `ganaTleba yvelasaTvis~ yuradRebagaamaxvila im faqtze, rom gogonebisTvisnaklebad xelmisawvdomia ganaTleba.

4wifis miRwevisas xSiria maTi saxlebSigamoketva. igive iTqmis adreul qorwinebebzec.magaliTad, aseTi faqtebi xdebasamxreT da Sua aziis bevr adgilas. imadgilebSic ki, sadac saxlSi gamoketva araris miRebuli, mSoblebi Relaven gogonebisseqsualur usafrTxoebaze skolebSi.saharis samxreT afrikaSi es SiSi ukavSirdebaimunodeficitis viruss. 2001 wels HumanRighr Watch-is kvlevam aRmoaCina Semokled:bavSvebi skolis gareT••••••115 milions, anu dawyebiTi skolis asakis bavSvebis 18%-s, ar uvliaskolaSi 2001-02 wlebSi. aqedan 61,3 milioni (53%) gogona iyo da 45milioni (39%) modioda saharis samxreTSi mdebare afrikul qveynebze,xolo 42 milioni (36%) _ samxreT aziaze. skolaSi uswavlelobisdidi albaTobaa, agreTve, dasavleT da centralur afrikaSi (45.3%),aRmosavleT da samxreT afrikaSi (38,5%), samxreT aziaSi (26%) da axloaRmosavleTsa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi (18,7%). amasTan, yvela am regionSigogonebis uswavlelad darCenis albaToba metia, vidre biWebisa.uzarmazari gansxvaveba gogonebsa da biWebs Soris TvalSisacemia axloaRmosavleTsa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi, sadac biWebis 15,4% da gogonebis22,1% ar swavlobs skolaSi.biWebs da axalgazrda mamakacebs bevrad meti Sansi aqvT, iswavlonskolebSi, vidre gogonebsa da axalgazrda qalebs. 86 ganviTarebadqveyanaSi, romelTa monacemebic CvenTvis xelmisawvdmi gaxda, 50%-mamiaRwia dawyebiTi ganaTlebis etapze genderul Tanasworobas (sadacgogonebs da biWebs skolaSi swavlis Tanabari saSualeba aqvT), magramganaTlebis meore safexurze genderul Tanasworobas mxolod 20%-Siaqvs adgili, xolo ganaTlebis mesame safexurze _ 5%-Si. 162msoflios bevr qveyanaSi saSualo ganaTleba fufunebis saganadiTvleba. saSualo ganaTlebis misaRebad moswavleTa skolaSiCaricxvis maCvenebeli (nebismieri asakis bavSvis da zrdasrulisraodenoba saSualo skolaSi, procentul mimarTebaSi saSualo skolisoficialuri asakis bavSvTa raodenobasTan) 40%-ze naklebia saharissamxreTiT mdebare bevr afrikul qveyanaSi. igive mdgomareobaa samxreTda dasavleT aziaSi, aRmosavleT aziasa da wynari okeanis qveynebSi,aseve CrdiloeT afrikasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi, da 60%-ze naklebiamave regionis sxva qveynebsa da laTinur amerikasa da karibis zRvisauzis qveynebSi. 163yvelaze ufro ganviTarebul qveynebSic ki,biWebisa da gogonebis mdgomareobas Sorissxvaoba Zalian swrafad izrdeba dawyebiTiklasebis Semeg. aseve ikveTeba Zlieri urTierTmimarTebagaunaTlebel gogonebsa daqalebs da erovnuli ganviTarebis dabaldones Soris. 158,159rig sazogadoebebSi, sadac gogonebs mwiriganaTleba aqvT miRebuli, sqesobrivi sim-155Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

gogonaTa ganaTlebis gaeros iniciativis (UNGEI) roligogonebis monawileobis xelSewobaSi156Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi2000 wels gaeros generalurma mdivanma kofi ananma gogonebis ganaTlebisadmigansakuTrebuli yuradReba imiT gamoxata, rom safuZveli Cauyara `gaerosgogonebis ganaTlebis iniciativas~ (UNGEI), partniorobas gogonebisganaTlebisa da genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobis mizniT. es iyo efeqturistrategia gogonebze Zaladobis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT. im qveynebSi,sadac Camoyalibda `gaeros gogonebis ganaTlebis iniciativa~, partniorebiSeTanxmebulad muSaoben, raTa gaaZlieron Zalisxmeva, romelic gamiznuliagogonebisTvis xarisxiani ganaTlebis miRebis garantiis Seqmnas. yovelive esmiznad isaxavs, xeli Seuwyos gogonebsa da biWebs, Tavad miiRon monawileobaTavianTi uflebebis damkvidrebisTvis brZolaSi. magaliTad, `gaeros gogonebisganaTlebis iniciativis~ farglebSi botsvanaSi, lesoToSi, keniaSi, ugandaSi,samxreT afrikaSi, tanzaniis gaerTianebul respublikaSi, zambiasa da zimbabveSifunqcionirebs `gogonebis saganmanaTleblo moZraoba~ (GEM). rodesac 2001wels Seiqmna `gogonebis saganmanaTleblo moZraoba~, mas safuZvlad daedopanafrikuli saganmanaTleblo iniciativis koncefcia, romlis Tanaxmadac,gogonebs unda eTamaSaT liderebis roli afrikis gardasaxvaSi da gamxdariyvnenagentebi im gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi, romlebic ganaTlebis sistemaSicvlilebebs Seexeboda. `gogonebis saganmanaTleblo moZraoba~ Zalian aqtiuriaugandaSi. man imas miaRwia, rom oblebisa da unarSezRuduli bavSvebisaTvis ukvexelmisawvdomia skolaSi swavla. isini aqtiurad TanamSromloben adgilobrivTanamdebobis pirebTan da tradiciul liderebTan, raTa miapyron maTi yuradRebaadreuli qorwinebis problemas. botsvanaSi `gogonebis saganmanaTleblomoZraobam~ mniSvnelovani kvleva Caatara skolebSi bavSvebis usafrTxoebissakiTxebze. es naSromi mzad aris gamosaqveyneblad. samxreT afrikaSi `gogonebissaganmanaTleblo moZraoba~, romelic dafinansebulia iunisefis mier, moqmedebssajaro-kerZo partniorebTan TanamSromlobiT, raTa maT mxari dauWirongogonebis ganaTlebas maTematikis, sabunebismetyvelo da teqnologiursferoebSi. isini ar iSureben Zalisxmevas, raTa miawvdinon gogonebisa daaxlgazrda qalebis xmebi im adamianebs, romlebic muSaoben strategiuli kursissakiTxebis SemuSavebze. gogonebis parlamentebma, dafinansebulma `gogonebissaganmanaTleblo moZraobis~ mier, samxreT afrikis ganaTlebis erovnuldepartamentTan erTad samxreT afrikaSi saSualeba misca gogonebs, wvliliSeetanaT im strategiebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic exeba seqsualur ZaladobasskolebSi. samxreT afrikaSi gogonebis pirveli parlamenti Camoyalibda 2003wels. aRsaniSnavia, rom `gogonebis saganmanaTleblo moZraobam~ samxreTafrikaSi gamouSva plakatebi, romlebic asaxavda genderul Zaladobas, aseveSeqmna `Cet~-xazi gogonebisTvis, raTa maT miscemodaT SesaZlebloba, gamoexataTTavianTi damokidebuleba Zaladobisadmi. 168

4maSfoTebeli ricxvi skolis gogonebzeseqsualuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebisa dawarmoudgeneli simSvide da moTmineba maswavleblebismxridan. 160 aseTi faqtebi sulufro metad aiZulebs gogonebs, rom Tavidaanebon swavlas. 161reagireba skolebsada saganmanaTleblodawesebulebebSibavSvebis mimarTZaladobazekvlevam naTelyo, rom arsebobs bavSvebisocnebebis axdenis realuri safuZveli,Tuki qveynebi mimarTaven Zalisxmevas ZaladobisganTavisufali skolebis damkvidrebisdaCqarebisTvis.amJamad sazogadoeba sul ufro swrafadacnobierebs skolebSi Zaladobis problemasda bavSvebsa da mTlianad sazogadoebazemis damangrevel Zalas. qveyanebi ariSureben Zalisxmevas am problemis dasa-Zlevad. ukve naTlad ikveTeba, romelimidgomebi iqneba ufro efeqturi am TvalsazrisiT.kvlevis farglebSi Catarebul bavSvTaaraerT forumze, regionul konsultaciazeda moxsenebaSi ismoda bavSvebis mkafiogancxadebebi:••••••••Sewydes Zaladoba.maswavleblebma da skolis personalmaisini miiRon iseTebi, rogorebicarian, pativi scen maT uflebebsda daexmaron, raTa maT Se-Zlon konstruqciulad gamoxatonazri da ganaviTaron TavianTipotenciali.maswavleblebma da skolis personalmaxeli Seuwyon maT erTmaneT-Tan urTierTobis damyarebaSi,urTierTpativiscemisa da TanagrZnobisgaRvivebaSi, rac normalurmoqalaqed Camoyalibebiswinapiroba gaxdeba.maT surT, rom mSoblebma da sxvaufrosebma konstruqciuli roliiTamaSon maT ganaTlebaSi, xeliSeuwyon Zaladobisgan Tavisufaliskolebis arsebobas, miscen maTZaladobisgan Tavisufali saxlebida sazogadoeba. 164samwuxarod, ar arsebobs problemis gadawyvetisromelime erTi an martivi strategia.efeqtis mizaRwevad mniSvnelovaniamravalmxrivi midgoma Zaladobis prevenciisadmi,iseTi mdTodebis gamoyenebiT,rogoricaa, magaliTad, cxovrebisaTvissaWiro unar-Cvevebze dafuZnebuliganaTleba, problemis gadasaWreladadreul etapze Careva, usafrTxoeba dazedamxedveloba bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebze.165kvlevam naTelyo, rom skolebSi ZaladobisaRsakveTad mimarTuli Zalisxmeva gansakuTrebuliunda iyos TiToeuli skolisTvis.magram ikveTeba iseTi fundamenturielementebic, romlebic saerToa yvelaskolisTvis. ZiriTadi principi mainc isaris, rom yvela bavSvs unda hqondes Tanasworiufleba, miiRos ganaTleba ZaladobisganTavisufal dawesebulabaSi da romsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mTavarifunqciaa, ganmsWvalos axalgazrda araZaladobrivifaseulobebiTa da praqtikiT.am midgomas SeiZleba ewodos `uflebebzedamyarebuli~ da `bavSvisadmi keTilganwyobili~.igi Seesabameba bavSvis uflebaTa157Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

158Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSikonvencias, adamianis uflebebTan dakav-Sirebul sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebsda globaluri mowodebis `ganaTlebayvelasaTvis~ miznebs da yovelmxriv mowonebuliasaerTaSoriso organizaciebismier. yvelaze mniSvnelovani is aris, romigi pasuxobs mTeli msoflios bavSvebisada axalgazrdebis moTxovnas _ SewydesZaladoba.bavSvTa uflebebis dacvaze orientirebuliskolebi Semdeg ZiriTad principebsunda eyrdnobodnen: 166,1671. proaqtiuli monawileoba. skola avlensda saSualebas aZlevs orive sqesisbavSvebs, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebsgansxvavebuli eTnikuri, kulturuli,lingvisturi Tu socialur-ekonomikurijgufebidan, CaerTon procesebSi,miuxedavad imisa, unarSezRuduli arianisini Tu janmrTeli.2. akademiuri TvalsazrisiT efeqturobada Sesabamisoba. akmayofilebsbavSvebis cxovrebiseul saWiroebebs,aviTarebs cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas,qcevis wesebsa da unar-Cvevebs.3. genderuli Tanasworoba. genderuliTanasworobis damkvidrebis mizniT qmnisgaremos, romelic stimuls aZlevsgenderul Tanasworobas, cxovrebiseulgamocdilebaze dafuZnebuliqcevis wesebisa da unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tarebis meSveobiT.4. jansaRi da damcavi. jansaRi da damcavisaganmanaTleblo garemos SeqmnissaSualebiT xels uwyobs da icavs bavSvebisemociur, fsiqologiur da fizikurkeTildReobas.5. ojaxebisa da sazogadoebis Cabma. eZebsda rTavs bavSvebis ojaxebsa da sazogadoebissxva wevrebs saskolo strategiebisada programebis SemuSavebisa daganxorcielebis procesSi, maT Soris,im programebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisprocesSi, romlebic exebabavSvebis dacvas Zaladobisgan da bavSvebisaTvissxva bavSvebis uflebaTadacvis aucileblobis swavlebas.kanonmdebloba da kanonebisganxorcielebaganxorcieleba saerTaSoriso konvenciebis,regionuli SeTanxmebebis da erovnulikanonebisa, romlebic aregulireben fizikuridasjis, seqsualuri Zaladobisa daTavdasxmis sakiTxebs, aseve sakiTxebs, romlebicexeba Zaladobis sxva formebs, mniSvnelovaninabijia Zaladobisgan skolisgaTavisuflebisTvis. Tumca gamocdilebamaCvena, rom bevri qveyana ar Cqarobs, SeasrulossaerTaSoriso da regionul doneebzenakisri valdebulebebi da cxovrebaSigaataros sakuTari kanonebi.mas Semdeg, rac 1989 wels gaeros generalurmaasambleam miiRo bavSvis uflebaTakonvencia, qveynebis mniSvnelovanma nawilmagadadga nabijebi skolaSi fizikuridasjis akrZalvis mimarTulebiT, TumcaxSirad saxelmwifoebi mainc ver axerxebdnenmiRebuli kanonebis cxovrebaSi srulyofiladgatarebas. mravalma umaRlesmasasamarTlom, namibiis (uzenaesi sasamarTlo,1991), samxreT afrikis (uzenaesi sasamarTlo,2000) sasamarTloebis CaTvliT,da araerTma federalurma sasamarTlom,magaliTad, delis, indoeTi, (uzenaesi sasamarTlo,2000) da kanadis (uzenaesi sasamarTlo,1994) 169 sasamarTloebis CaTvliT,

“Tu maswavleblebi uxeSad mogvmarTaven, ar asruleben TavianT naTqvams dapativs ar gvcemen, Cven rogor unda vceT maT pativi.”studenti, indoeTia okeania, 2006 XIV4dagmes skolebSi fizikuri dasja da moiTxovesmisi akrZalva.#8 zogad komentarSi bavSvis uflebaTakomiteti aRniSnavs: `iq, sadac, miuxedavadakrZalvisa da pozitiuri saganmanaTlebloda treningis programebis gatarebisa,mainc gamomzeurdeba fizikuri dasjisSemTxvevebi saxlis gareT – skolebSi, sxvadawesebulebebsa Tu alternatiul sameurveoorganizaciebSi, unda daiwyos damrRvevismimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna~. 170moZaladeze aucileblad imoqmedebs, Tukimas eqneba SiSi, rom mis mimarT gatardebadisciplinuri sasjeli an mas daiTxovensamsaxuridan. mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvebida is adamianebi, romlebic muSaobenbavSvebTan, informirebuli iyvnen fizikurida sxva sastiki da damamcirebelidasjis akrZalvis Taobaze da icodnen,rom damrRvevis mimarT gatarebuli iqnebasanqciebi. yvela dawesebulebasa da organizaciaSimudmivad unda xorcieldebodesdisciplinis sistemebisa da bavSvebTanmopyrobis monitoringi. bavSvebsa da maTwarmomadgenlebs saSualeba unda mieceT,dauyovnebliv miiRon rCeva da dacva, Se-Zlon Civili, saWiroebisas mimarTon sasamarTlosda miiRon iuridiuli daxmareba.yvela dawesebuleba unda iTxovdes nebismieriZaladobis SemTxvevis saswrafodgamokvlevas.bevr qveyanas miRebuli aqvs kanonebi an,yovel SemTxvevaSi, strategia mainc aqvsSemuSavebuli samuSaoze seqsualuri SeviwroebisaRkveTasTan dakavSirebiT daes umeteswilad exeba saganmanaTleblodawesebulebebs, anu skolebs, da mimarTuliarogorc maswavleblebis, ise mosawavleebisdasacavad. samxreT afrikaSi, magaliTad,`TanasworobisTvis xelis Sewyobisada usamarTlo diskriminaciis prevenciis~me-4 aqti (2000 weli) `seqsualur Seviwroebas~ganmartavs, rogorc `arasasurvel qcevas,romelic gangrZobadia, seriozuliada Seuracxmyofelia, rogorc `damamcirebeliqceva~, romelic ayalibebs mtrul andamTrgunvel garemos an iswrafvis, romdaimorCilos…msxverpli da romelic dakav-Sirebulia seqsTan, genderTan an seqsualurorientaciasTan~. samxreT afrikis xelisuflebamdaiwyo gaupatiurebis SemTxvevebisgamoZieba msxverplisadmi gansakuTrebuligulisxmierebiT, rac, Sesabamisad, ufrosavaraudoa, rom warmatebuli sisxlissamarTlebrividevniT dasruldes. amasTan,samxreT afrikis ganaTlebis departamentmaSeimuSava specialuri saxelmZRvaneloprincipebi, romlebic Seexeba seqsualurkavSirebs maswavleblebsa da moswavleebsSoris (ix. CanarTi). 171gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad, Zaladobis sxvadasxvaforma fesvgadgmulia mravalqveyanaSi. mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, romuflebamosil pirebs ar endobian, rom isinikonstruqciulad Caerevian problemisgadawyvetaSi. amasTan, arsebobs SiSic,rom aseT Carevas msxerplis, misi ojaxisada Tundac moZaladisaTvis SeiZleba mZimeSedegi mohyves, ramdenadac im wreSi, sadaces Zaladoba xdeba, adaminTa umravlesobaerTmaneTs icnobs.kvlevis farglebSi qveynebis mTavrobaTamier Sevsebulma kiTxvarebma naTelyo, 173rom Zalian cota qveyanam SeimuSava iseTikanonebi, romlebic globalurad udgebaskolaSi Zaladobis daZlevas da gaaumjobesamaTi ganxorcieleba, rac, TavisTavad,mxolod nawilia im ufro farTo Zalisxmevisa,romelic moicavs megobruli ganwyobiT,bavSvebis uflebebze orientirebulswavlebas (ix. CanarTi).159Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

avSvebis uflebebzeorientirebulistrategiebi da programebimsoflios yvela regionSi SemuSavda mravalistrategia da programa, romlebicmiznad isaxavda skolaSi Zaladobis Semcirebas.Tumca mxolod ramdenime iqna seriozuladSefasebuli da isic, umetesad,ganviTarebul qveynebSi. miuxedavad amisa,Sedegebi mainc imedismomcemia da naTelia,rom arsebobs efeqturi gadawyvetis saSualebebi,romlebic cxovrebaSi jer ar gatarebula.iuneskom aRmoaCina, rom 8 qveyanaSi tardebaskolaSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuliefeqturi programebi. es qveynebiaavstralia, safrangeTi, israeli, iaponia,CrdiloeT irlandia, norvegia, samxreTafrika da aSS. es programebi kargad arisSeswavlili administratorebis, maswavleblebis,moswavleebisa da mSoblebis mier160Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSisamxreT afrikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi maswavleblebismxridan moswavleebze seqsualuri Tavdasxmis aRsakveTad2000 wels samxreT afrikis ganaTlebis departamentma SeimuSava saxelmZRvaneloprincipebi, romlebSic aRniSnulia, rom farTod aris gavrcelebulimaswavleblebis mxridan moswavleebis seqsualuri Seviwroebis SemTxvevebi da,aqedan gamomdinare, maRalia imunodeficitis virusis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba.saxelmZRvanelo principebi ganmartavs kanons da imas, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyvebakanonis darRvevas:––––––––ganaTlebis sferos muSaks ar unda hqondes seqsualuri kavSirimoswavlesTan. es kanonsawinaaRmdegoa, Tundac moswavle Tanaxma iyos.aseTi saqcieli ewinaaRmdegeba pedagogis qcevis kodeqss da aryevsmaswavleblisadi ndobas.mkacri disciplinuri zomebi iqneba gatarebuli im pedagogis mimarT,romelic mxilebuli iqneba moswavlesTan seqsualur kavSirSi.seqsi, romelsac daaZalebs pedagogi moswavles, am ukanasknelisTanxmobis gareSe, miiCneva gaupatiurebad, romelic seriozuldanaSauls warmoadgens, da pedagogi miecema sisxlis samarTlispasuxisgebaSi. Tuki pedagogi daamyarebs seqsualur kavSirs 16 wlamdeasakis gogonasTan an biWTan, mas moeTxoveba pasuxi gaupatiurebiskanoniT dadgenili muxliT, rac SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdesTavisuflebis aRkveTas samudamod.Tuki Tqven flobT informacias, rom romelime pedagogs seqsualurikavSiri aqvs moswavlesTan, movale xarT, auwyoT amis Sesaxeb direqtorsan ganaTlebis sferos administraciis organos, xolo Tuki seqsualurikavSiris obieqti 16 wlamde asakis gogona an biWia – policias. Tu Tqvenase ar moiqceviT, daisjebiT, rogorc gaupatiurebis Tanamonawile. 172

4im principebis SemuSavebisas, romlebic mimarTuliiqneba skolaSi Zaladobis daZlevisken,aucileblad unda iyos gacnobiereoriqveyana, sadac erovnulma komitetebma SeimuSaves da cxovrebaSigaatares Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli zomebikoreis respublikis aqti `skolaSi Zaladobis prevenciis Sesaxeb~ moiTxovs,rom gegmebi skolaSi Zaladobis prevenciaze SemuSavdes xuT weliwadSierTxel. erovnuli komiteti pasuxismgebelia am gegmis koordinaciasa daganxorcielebis monitoringze, aseve yovel xuT weliwadSi gegmis gadaxedvasada ganaxlebaze. yvela skolas moeTxoveba regularuli sesiebis Catareba gegmisganxorcielebaSi sakuTari wvlilis ganxilvis mizniT. maT aseve unda SeimuSaonrekomendaciebi, Tu ra qmedebebis Catareba aris mizanSewonili, rogorc skolisSigniT, ise skolis gareT problemis dasaZlevad.kviprosSi ganaTlebis saministro moiTxovs, rom yvela skolaSi CamoyalibdesSesabamisi komitetebi, romlebic imuSaveben `ojaxsa da skolaSi Zaladobisprevenciasa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolaze~. es komitetebi uflebamosiliarian, ganixilon saCivrebi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT manamde, sanam isinigansaxilvelad gadaecema Sesabamis organoebs. 174da imedismomcemi winapirobaa skolaSiZaladobis efeqturi Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT.im mcire masStabis kvlevis Sedegad,romelmac Seafasa es programebi, warmoiSvamosazreba, rom maT SeswevT unari ara martoSeamciron Zaladoba skolebSi, aramedgaaRrmavon moswavleebis socialuri unar-Cvevebi,Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba, raTamaT meti kontroli gauwion sakuTar Tavs.aseve am programebma xeli Seuwyo moswavleebisakademiuri donis amaRlebas. 175bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi skolebSi ZaladobissakiTxebiT seriozulma dainteresebamCrdiloeT amerikaSi stimuli miscamniSvnelovani kvlevebis Catarebasa dagamosavlis gzebis Ziebas. dagrovda didiraodenobis literatura, romelic dokumenturadaRwers da afasebs sxvadasxvamidgomebs. 176,177 amis Sedegad Camoyalibdagarkveuli midgomebi problemis dasaZlevadaSS-sa da kanadaSi. msgavsi kvlevebisada eqsperimentebis Catareba amJamad bevrsxva qveyanaSic mimdinareobs. es qveynebiacxadeben, rom maTac miagnes problemisadmimidgomis garkveul gzebs. eWvgareSea,rom survilis da resursebis (xSirad minimaluris)gamoZebniT nebismierma qveyanam,sazogadoebam Tu skolam SeiZleba ipovosefeqturi gzebi skolaSi Zaladobis Sesamcireblad.qvemoT moyvanili diskusia yuradRebasamaxvilebs reagirebis kerZo sferoebzeda gvTavazobs imedismomcemi praqtikismagaliTebs msoflios yvela regionidan.lideroba da strategiisSemuSaveba161Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

162Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSibuli, rom skola, pirvel rigSi, codnismiRebis adgilia da mas SuZlia mniSvnelovaniroli iTamaSos Zalauflebis gaTanabrebisada Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebisSemcirebaSi. skolebi yvela sakiTxSiunda imarTebodnen adamianis uflebebisumaRlesi standartebiT, rac moicavs komunikaciisaraZaladobriv meTodebs, molaparakebebiswarmoebisa da konfliqtebisgadawyvetis strategiebs.sul ufro meti kvleva miiCnevs skolas socialursistemad da eZebs gzebs sistemisim nawilebis identificirebisTvis, romlebicSeiZleba Seicvalos Zaladobis SemcirebismizniT. gamotanil iqna daskvna,rom skolis liderebma (ganaTlebis sferosadministraciaTa Tavkacebma da individualurmaskolebma) skolis xarisxis gasaumjobesebladunda imoqmedon sxva dainteresebulmxareebTan erTad, raTa SeimuSaonda cxovrebaSi gaataron is strategiebi,romlebic marTaven maswavleblebisa da moswavleebisdisciplinasa da qcevis wesebsda ayalibeben sazogadoebas, romelsacaqvs skolis ndoba. 178,179 botsvanisa da ganisskolebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma naTelyo,rom skolaSi usafrTxoebisa da maRalimiRwevebis misaRebad Zalze mniSvnelovaniaZalieri menejmentmis damkvidreba. 180Tuki gadavxedavT programebs, romlebicexeba Zaladobis prevencias laTinuriamerikisa da karibis zRvis auzis qveynebisskolebSi, maTSi centraluri adgili ukaviabavSvis rac SeiZleba ufro adreuliasakidan pozitiuri urTierTobebisa daqcevis damkvidrebis mcdelobas. am faseulobebisdamkvidrebas es programebiskolebis meSveobiT cdiloben da moswavleebsaZleven saSualebas, monawileobamiiRon im gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi,romlebic qmnian maTi skolis garemos. 181miznis misaRwevad aucilebelia xelisuflebismxridan skolebis zedamxedvelobarogorc erovnul, ise regionul da adgilobrivdoneeebze.norvegiaSi kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda mizezobrivikavSiri saklaso oTaxis kargadmowyobasa da Tanatolebs Soris ZaladobisSemcirebas Soris. 182 amasTan erTad, saswavlogegmas SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos Tanasworobisprincipis damkvidrebasa da Semwynarebluridamokidebulebis CamoyalibebasazrTa sxvadasxvaobisa da konfliqtebisaraZaladobrivi meTodebiT gadawyvetaSi.metad mniSvnelovania isic, rac saklasooTaxis miRma xdeba. ganaTlebis dargis organoebmaunda SeimuSaon saxelmZRvanelomiTiTebebi da daexmaron skolis direqtorebsada maswavleblebs imaSi, rom maTSeqmnan Sesabamisi klimati saklaso oTaxismiRma, im mimarTulebebis SecvliT, romlebiTacimarTeba skola. qcevis kodeqsiise unda iqnes SemuSavebuli, rom masSigaTvaliswinebuli iyos yvela dainteresebulimxaris azri. mizanSewonilia, rom ase-Ti kodeqsi moswavleTa sabWoebTan da mSobelTaasociaciebTan erTad SemuSavdes.klimati, romelic yalibdeba skolaSi,unda gavrceldes ufro farTo sazogadoebaSic.moswavleebs saxlSi miaqvT is faseulobebida Cvevebi, romlebic maT skolebSiSeiZines, Semdgom es Cvevebi da faseulobebimkvidrdeba maT cxovrebaSi, samuSao adgilebze,urTierTobebSi da a.S.skolis personalismxardaWeraTiTqmis 43 milioni maswavlebelia dasaqmebulidawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi. amasemateba kidev uricxvi maswavlebeli, rom-

4lebic muSaoben skolamdel dawesebulebebsada sxva saganmanaTleblo organizaciebSi.maT uzarmazari potencia aqvT, romsaukeTeso magaliTebi miscen bavSvebs. 183nebismier qveyanaSi maswavleblebi warmoadgenenmniSvnelovan agentebs socialuriganviTarebisa da gardaqmnis TvalsazrisiT,ramdenadac maT arsebiTi wvliliSeaqvT bavSvebis mTeli Taobebis emociurda SemecnebiT ganviTarebaSi da, aqedangamomdinare, bavSvebis pasuxismgebobismqone moqalaqeebad CamoyalibebaSi. maSinacki, Tu bavSvi ojaxis an sazogadoebismxridan Zaladobas ganicdis, maswavlebels,romelic mcirewlovani asakidan urTierTobsbavSvTan, SeuZlia misces mas araZaladobrivicxovrebis magaliTi.Zaladobis Semcirebis _ ara marto skola-Si, aramed mTel sazogadoebaSi _ grZelvadianistrategiis warmatebiT gatarebissafuZveli kargi maswavleblebis moZiebada maTi treningia. miuxedavad amisa, bevriqveyana sinamdvileSi sakmarisad verafasebs kargi maswavleblis mniSvnelobas,mcire yuradRebas uTmobs mis dasaqmebas,ar zrunavs misTvis Tavdapirveli da Semdgomitreningebis organizebaze, uniSnavsdabal xelfass da sTavazobs cud samuSaopirobebs, Cveulebriv, gadatvirTul da cudadmowyobil saklaso oTaxebSi. bevr qveyanaSimaswavlebeli gadatvirTulia da maincmasze mudmivi zewola xdeba, raTa daekisroskidev ufro meti pasuxismgebloba skolaSiZaladobis dasaZlevad, miuxedevad imisa,rom mas xSirad ara aqvs sakmarisi kvalifikaciaam damatebiTi pasuxismgeblobisTvis.da Tuki skola mainc moaxerxebs, moizidoskargi maswavlebeli, mas uWirs misi skolaSididxans SenarCuneba.yvela es faqtori gaTvaliswinebuli undaiqnes im saWiroebebis Sefasebisas, romlebicmiznad isaxavs maswavlebelTa kandidatebisSerCevis, maTi treningisa damxardaWeris strategiis Secvlas. maswavleblebiver itvirTaven mTel pasuxismgeblobas.maswavleblis saWiroebebisSefasebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnesmiRebuli is Semaferxebeli faqtorebi,romlebic momdinareobs saganmanaTleblodargis xelmZRvaneli organoebis, skolisdireqtorebis, skolis sxva personalis,mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis mxridan. undagamoinaxos gzebi, romlebiTac sazogadoebametis gakeTebas SeZlebs maswavlebelTamxardasaWerad.im mTavrobebis umetesobam, romlebmacSeavses kiTxvari, 184 daafiqsires, rom isini,arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan Tanam-SromlobiT xels uwyobdnen maswavlebelTatrenings Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTulprogramebSi. Tumca es treningi xSirad ariyo sakmarisad xangrZlivi, sistematurida saTanado. treningis programaTa umetesobaexeboda prevenciasa da dacvas damarto mcire raodenoba _ msxverplTa damoZaladeTa reabilitacias. mxolod zogierTmaqveyanam aRniSna zianis anazRaurebis(gambia, nigeria, seiSelis kunZulebi,singapuri, Sveicaria da tailandi) da dajarimebis(kameruni, singapuri, Sri-lanka,Sveicaria da tailandi) meTodebis SemoRebismniSvneloba. aseve, Zaladobis prevenciisproblemis dasaZlevad moswavleTainformirebisa da maTi dacvis saWiroeba(bulgareTi, indonezia, niderlandebi)anda meTodebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebsadamianis uflebebisa da araZaladobriviqcevis wesebis saskolo programebSi CarTvas(brazilia da seiSelis kunZulebi).yvela am Zalisxmevis swori mimarTulebiTgatarebisTvis, cxadia, maswavleblebisTvisufro radikaluri da xangrZlivitreningebis Catarebaa saWiro.163Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

kampaniam `usafrTxo da SesaZleblobaTa momcemiskolebis dasamkvidreblad~ xorvatiaSi ukve moitanagarkveuli Sedegebi2004 wlis gazafxulze, ministrebTan, samoqalaqo sazogadoebriv da sxvaorganizaciebTan farTo konsultaciebis Semdeg, iunisefma xorvatiaSi wamoiwyoxuTfaziani kampania `usafrTxo da SesaZleblobaTa momcemi saskolo garemosdasamkvidreblad~. kampaniis dawyebamde Catarda erovnuli masStabis kvleva,romelic moicavda sabaziso monacemebs, Segrovebuls moswavleebis, mSeblebisada maswavleblebisgan, skolaSi Zaladobaze. kampania unda gagrZelebuliyo18 Tvis manZilze. 12 Tvis Semdeg, Sedegebis Sefasebisas, aRmoCnda, rom manyovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba.164Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi4 500-ma maswavlebelma, dagegmilze orjer metma, gaiara treningi swavlebisaraZaladobrivi meTodebis, disciplinis da bavSvebSi Zaladobis gamovlinebisasCarevis sakiTxebze. kampaniam moicva 121 skola, 60 000 bavSvi, dagegmilze 20%-iT meti, da amaze daixarja dagegmil biujetze 15%-iT naklebi. xorvatiismoqalaqeTa 92%-ma Seityo am kampaniis Sesaxeb, amasTan, dafinansebis 80% ukvemodioda individualuri donorebisgan da xorvatiis korporaciebidan. metadmniSvnelovani Sedegi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom zogierTi formis ZaladobaSemcirda da amasTan gaizarda gacnobiereba Zaladobis sxva formebisa.magaliTad, bavSvebic da maswavleblebic ukeT cnobdnen Cagvris/daSinebisyvela formas da ukeT moemzadnen maT dasaZlevad. moswavleTa 80%-ma SeiswavlaZaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli wesebi da gaacnobiera, rom SeuZlia mimarTosufrosebs daxmarebisaTvis.ra Tqma unda, iyo problemebic. maswavleblebi ufro kompetenturi gaxdnenZaladobasTan gasamklaveblad, magram, miuxedavad imisa, rom moswavleebi Tavsufro usafrTxod grZnobdnen, maT mainc ar miaCndaT, rom skola sakmaris dacvassTavazobda maT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg. Sefasebis Sedegad dadginda, rom saWiroiyo mSoblebis CarTva da TanatolTa daxmarebis gaZliereba moswavleTa SorisaraZaladobrivi qcevis xelSesawyobad. 185bavSvebis monawileobaprogramebis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebaSibavSvebis CarTva mniSvnelovania personaluricodnis, qcevisa da unar-CvevebisCamoyalibebis TvalaszrisiT, programismniSvnelobisa da TviTmyofadobisgarantiisTvis da, rac mTavaria, SedegebisgaumjobesebisTvis. 186,187 gaerTianebulisamefos saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamentiskvlevam, romelmac moicva bangladeSi,kenia, nepali, Sri-lanka, uganda dazambia, daadgina, rom Zaladobis daTrgunvaufro efeqturad mimdinareobs skolebSi,

4bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs skolis cxovrebaSimSoblebisa da Temebis CarTvis tradicia.CrdiloeT amerikaSi didi xnis tradiciaa`mSobel-maswavlebelTa asociaciebis~(PTA) Camoyalibeba. Cveulebriv, am asociaciebsfilialebi aqvs Temis farglebSiyvela sajaro skolaSi da, garda amisa, arbavSvTauflebebis klubebi zambiaSi uflebebiT aRWuravenskolis moswavleebszambiis samoqalaqo saganmanaTleblo asociacia (ZCEA) muSaobs bavSvTainteresebis dacvis sakiTxebze, samoqalaqo samarTlis swavlebis gziT. `bavSvTamonawileobis programis~ meSveobiT igi daxmarebas uwevs `bavSvTa uflebebisklubebs~, romlebSic bavSvebs aswavlian bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi,bavSvis uflebebisa da keTildReobis afrikul qartiasa da sxva saerTaSorisosamarTlebriv dokumentebSi gaTvaliswinebul maT uflebebs. amJamad zambiaSidawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi moqmedebs bavSvTa uflebebis, sul mcire, 300klubi. 195sadac danergilia swavlebis meTodi, rodesacbavSvi yuradRebis centrSi imyofeba damaswavlebeli yurs ugdebs mis mosazrebebsada saWiroebebs. 188 World Vision-is sxva saer-TaSoriso kvlevam naTelyo, rom im sazogadoebebSi,sadac Zaladobis daZlevis SesaxebdiskusiebSi bavSvebi arian CarTuli,diskusia ufro Riaa da ufro metia konkretulistrategiebis miRebis albaToba. 189Save th Children-s, partniorebTan erTad,aqvs araCveulebrivi gamocdileba bavSvTaliderobiT organizaciebis Camoyalibebasada iniciativebis dasaxvaSi, sadacgadawyvetilebis mimRebi ufrosebida mzrunvelebi angariSvaldebuli arianbavSvebis winaSe da maTTan erTad cdilobenskolaSi Zaladobis daZlevas. 190 aSS-SiCatarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, saukeTesoiniciativebi Cndeba maSin, rodesac maswavleblebida bavSvebi erTad SeimuSaveben daaxorcieleben strategiebs, romlebic miznadisaxavs yvelasaTvis usafrTxo skolebisSeqmnas. TanatolTa mediatoroba daTanatolTa konsultireba ufro qmediTia,rodesac maswavleblebi da moswavleebierTad cdiloben SeimuSaon samediatoroda sakonsultacio meTodebi. 191yvela regionSi Catarebuli kvlevebi dagamocdileba gvaZlevs Zaladobis sawinaaRmdegoprogramebis SemuSavebasada ganxorcielebaSi bavSvebis CarTvisdadebiTi mxareebis (zogjer moulodnelimxareebisac ki) identificirebis SesaZleblobas.192 bavSvebs ucbad SeuZliaT daxatonsuraTi maT skolebSi yvela saxis ZaladobisTaobaze, riTac informacias awvdianmaT, vinc unda imoqmedos. bavSvebis CarTvasxvagvaradac efeqturia, radgan saSualebasaZlevs bavSvebs, gamoTqvan TavianTisatkivari, moyvnen TavianTi gamocdilebisSesaxeb, gauziaron ufrosebs TavianTi SegrZnebebi,rac, Tavis mxriv, cvlis ufrosebisdamokidebulebasa da qcevas. 193,194muSaoba mSoblebTan daTemebTan erTad165Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`saskolo programa bevrad ufro farTo unda iyos, vidre aris~.mari joi pigozi, direqtori, `swavlis xarisxis amaRlebis departamenti~,`iunesko~ xvsebobs erTi mSobel-maswavlebelTa asociaciamTeli TemisaTvis. es asociaciebimSoblebs aZleven SesaZleblobas, monitoringigauwion skolebs da Caerion saskolourTierTobebSi, Tuki saWirod CaTvlian.aSS-Si, sietlSi, `usafrTxo skolebisvaSingtonis koalicia~ Camoyalibda homoseqsualistebisada lesboselebis mimarTZaladobis aRkveTis mizniT. Tumca isicda sxva msgavsi `usafrTxo skolebis koaliciebi~sxva StatebSi dResac moRvaweobensajaro da kerZo seqtorebis partniorebissaxiT, romelTa meSveobiTac mTavrobada arasamTavrobo organizaciebi Tanam-Sromloben skolaSi Zaladobis aRkveTisada usafrTxoebis sxva sakiTxebze. 196 sxvamraval qveyanaSic arsebobs msgavsi organizaciebi,romelTa meSveobiTac mSoblebikenia _ kampania – `gaxdi bavSvTa Cempioni~166Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi2006 wlis gazafxulze keniaSi iunisefis mxardaWeriT daiwyo kampania,romelic miznad isaxavda bavSvebze Zaladobis Sewyvetas. kampania mouwodebdaTanamSromlobisken (rogorc finansurad, ise sxva formiTac) ojaxebs, skolebs,religiur organizaciebs, kerZo seqtors, masmediasa da keniis sazogadoebisyvela sxva seqtors im Zalisxmevis gasatareblad, romelsac unda daerwmunebinayvela ojaxi, skola Tu sazogadoeba mTeli qveynis masStabiT bavSvebis mimarTZaladobis Sewyvetis aucileblobaSi. kampania miznad isaxavs yvela adamianisgaerTianebas Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, aseve maTTvis informaciis miwodebas imisTaobaze, Tu ra SeuZlia gaakeTos TiToeul adamians, raTa Seiqmnas iseTi garemo,romelSic kenieli bavSvebi SeZleben TavianTi potencialis gamovlenas. kampaniammoipova finansuri saxsrebi Semdegi sferoebis dasafinanseblad:•• bavSvTa dacvis momsaxurebis sruli paketi yvelaze metad daucveliTemebisTvis;•• cxeli xazi, romelzec rogorc msxverpl bavSvebs, ise msxverplzrdasrulebs SeeZlebaT darekva da Svelis Txovna;•• usafrTxo saxlebi maTTvis, visac esaWiroeba TavianT saxlebSigamefebuli Zaladobisgan Tavis daRweva;•• `mrCevlebis~ treningi, raTa isini daexmaron msxverplebs da maTojaxebs, aseve moZaladeebs maTi qcevis stereotipebis damsxvrevaSi;•• maswavleblebis, janmrTelobis dargis muSakebisa da policielebistreningi imaSi, Tu rogor unda Semcirdes Zaladoba da rogor undaimoqmedon maT, rodesac xedaven Zaladobis faqts;•• saskolo da axalgazrduli programebi, romlebic miznad isaxavsZaladobis Semcirebas;•• sajarooba, raTa sazogadoebam miiRos informacia da moaxdinos kidevufro didi Zalisxmevis mobilizeba. 200

4nepalSi gogonebi Tavad iwyeben moqmedebas seqsualuriZaladobis aRmosafxvreladsurkheTSi, nepalSi, Save the Children daxmarebas uwevda gogonebs, romlebmacwamoiwyes saganmanaTleblo kampania mamakacebisa da biWebisaTvis informaciismisawodeblad, raTa ufro usafrTxo gaexadaT TavianTi skolebi. biWebsada zrdasrul mamakacebs (ganaTlebis sferos maRalCinosnebisa da soflisliderebis CaTvliT) ar esmodaT, Tu ratom iyo gogonebis `uwyinari gaRizianeba~aRqmuli maTi mxridan seqsualur Zaladobad da diskriminaciad, vidre gogonebmamaT ar Seudgines im adgilebis rukebi, sadac isini Tavs daucvelad grZnobdnen.rodesac imsjeles am adgilebze, mamakacebi mixvdnen, rom es is adgilebi iyo,sadac gogonebs regularulad aviwroebdnen. amasTan, gogonebma, sxva soflebisgogonebTan, adgilobriv policiasTan, maswavleblebisa da qalTa jgufebTanerTad, Seqmnes mTeli qseli rogorc sofelSi, ise raionSi da daukavSires is sxvasoflebis gogonaTa jgufebs, adgilobriv policias, maswavleblebisa da qalTajgufebs; Camoayalibes, agreTve, raionis bavSvTa keTildReobis komiteti. 199mexikoSi ganxorcielebuli proeqti – `brZola ZaladobiswinaaRmdeg: swavla mSvidobisaTvis~mexikoSi sacialurma uTanasworobam, siRaribem da sxva faqtorebma mniSvnelovnadimoqmedes saxlebSi, skolebsa da mTel qalaqSi Zaladobis gazrdaze. amasTan,skolaSi Zaladobas ukavSirdeboda skolaSi swavlisaTvis naadrevad Tavisdanebeba. amJamad qalaqis 1 500 skola da 450 000 moswavle monawileobs proeqtSi`brZola Zaladobis winaaRmdeg: ganaTleba mSvidobisTvis – CemTvis, SenTvis damTeli msofliosTvis~. proeqti iTvaliswinebs skolis administraciebisTvis,maswavleblebisTvis, moswavleebisa da mSoblebisTvis treningebis Catarebasim mizniT, rom gaizardos maTi unari konfliqtebis araZaladobrivi gziTgadawyvetisa. momdevno etapi skolebSi miznad isaxavs imis uzrunvelyofas, romgakveTili sworad iqnes gagebuli da ganxorcieldes praqtikaSi. proeqti asevemiznad isaxavs, mxari dauWiros adamianebs, romelTac akisriaT pasuxismgebloba,gazardon TiToeuli skolis maswavleblisa da moswavlis unari, konfliqtimSvidobianad moagvaron. proeqts enTuziazmiT uWers mxars ganaTlebisministri, aseve mniSvnelovania skolis xelmZRvanelebis daxmareba. vimedovnebT,rom mexikoSi momavali arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg es proeqti miiRebs mudmivxasiaTs. 198167Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

`zrdis procesSi bavSvis mexsierebaSi ileqeba yvelaferi, rac gadaxda, darodesac igi gaizrdeba, iseve moeqceva asakiT umcross, gansakuTrebiT skolaSi.zogierT adamians fsiqikuri problemebi uCndeba~.bavSvi, 14 wlis, aRmosavleTi da samxreTi afrika, 2005 XVI168Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSida sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, saganmanaTleblodargSi moRvawe TanamdebobispirebTan, skolis direqtorebTan da maswavleblebTanerTad muSaoben skolaSi arsebulsxvadasxva problemaze. 197am qveTavSi moyvanilia rigi magaliTebisaim mimarTulebebidan, romlebSic CarTuliarian mSoblebi da sazogadoeba skoleb-Si Zaladobis farTomasStabiani sakiTxebismogvarebis mizniT. iq, sadac aseTimonawileoba ar aris jer damkvidrebuli,unda Camoyalibdes meqanizmebi, raTa xeliSeewyos farTo sazogadoebis procesebSiCarTvas. lesoToSi, tanzaniis gaerTianebulirespublika, da saharis samxreTiTmdebare rig afrikul qveynebSi amJamadCamoyalibebulia komitetebi, romlebicaerTianeben sxvadasxva dainteresebulmxares imunodeficitis virusTan da SidsTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mogvarebisaTvis.meqsika, nepali da kenia gvawvdianmagaliTs imisa, Tu risi gakeTeba SeuZliaTdid qalaqebs an mTlianad saxelmwifoebsproblemis gadawyvetaSi mSoblebisa da sazogadoebisCarTvisTvis (ix. CanarTebi).konstruqciulidisciplinis zomebibavSvebisaTvismidgoma unda iyos orientirebuli bavSvisuflebebze da bavSvs unda eniWebodescentraluri adgili. amisaTvis aucilebeliaqcevis iseTi wesebis danergva,romlebic misaRebi iqneba skolis yvelawevrisTvis da romelic Camoayalibebsnamdvil faseulobebze dafuZnebul moralurda socialur orientirebs da xelsSeuwyobs maT cxovrebaSi gaatarebs. esfaseulobebi gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvisuflebaTa konvenciiT da adamianis uflebebTandakavSirebuli sxva konvenciebiT.disciplina miznad unda isaxavdes pozitiursimkacres, konstruqciul kritikuldamokidebulebas, araorazrovan xelmZRvanelobasda miTiTebebs. ukiduresiSemTxvevebis garda, dauSvebelia iseTizomebis miReba, romlebmac SeiZleba xeliSeuSalos bavSvis SemecnebiT da emociurganviTarebas.disciplinis reJimebis sakiTxebze Catarebulmabolodroindelma kvlevebma gamijnae.w. `proaqtiuli~ da `reaqtiuli~ reJimebi.`proaqtiuli~ reJimi fokusirebulia prevenciazeda ZiriTadad efuZneba imis kvlevas,Tu ra meTodebia yvelaze qmediTi, ayalibebssamarTlebriv bazas da gamokveTilstrategias, qcevis mkafio wesebs da re-Jimis cxovrebaSi gatarebis meqanizmebs.`reaqtiuli~ reJimi dafuZnebulia informaciasmoklebul `liton gancxadebebze~da mouwodebs `nulovani tolerantobisa~da mkacri sasjelebisken. aseT midgomasxSirad mohyveba bavSvis garicxva an Seviwroeba,rac iwvevs problemis erTi skolidanmeoreSi gadalocvas imis nacvlad, rommciredi daxmareba mainc gaewios aseT bavSvs.amgvari zomebi ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvisuflebas, miiRos ganaTleba. mkacr, magramsamarTlian disciplinas SeuZlia gamoasworosbavSvis saqcieli Zaladobis gamoyenebisgareSe. 201 ganaTlebis sferoSi wamyvanispecialistebi erTsulovnad mividnenim daskvnamde, rom raeqtiuli reJimis didixnis ganmavlobaSi gatareba ar aris efeqturi.202 am konteqstSi iuneskom SeimuSavasabaziso principebi, romelTa farglebSicunda tardebodes disciplinuri zomebiskolaSi. es aris konstuqciuli kritika,mkafio xelmZRvaneloba da araorazrovanimiTiTebebi, rac unda eyrdnobodesbavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis principebisganuxrel dacvas. 203

4Cagvra/daSineba: prevenciada reagireba`Cagvris prevenciis olveusis programis~wyalobiT norvegia pioneria skolaSiCagvris/daSinebis problemis daZlevisakenmimarTul ZalisxmevaSi. 600-700 bavSvzedakvirvebam dawyebiT skolaSi aCvena,rom am programam or weliwadSi moaxerxaskolaSi Cagvris donis 50%-iT Semcireba.am programis meSveobiT aseve Semcirda`Sataloebis~, qurdobis, vandalizmisa dasxva antisocialuri qcevis SemTxvevaTaraodenoba da es Semcireba TanmimdevruliaRmoCnda sqesisa da klasebis mixedviT. 204`olveusis~ programis gatareba scadessxva qveynebSic _ avstraliaSi, germaniasada aSS-Si 205 _ magram ganviTarebad qveyneb-Si am programis ganxorcieleba ar ucdiaTda, rogorc Cans, amitom iq sazogadoebasjer ara aqvs bolomde gaazrebuli am problemisaqtualoba.`olveusis~ programam mniSvnelovan warmatebasmiaRwia. amasTan, programis farglebSigamoikveTa rigi mniSvnelovanisakiTxebisa, romlebic iTxoven yuradRebas.es aris: sazogadoebis yvela sferos warmomadgenelTagaerTianebis aucilebloba,raTa skolaSi Zaladobis yvela formasTanbrZolis mizniT didi drois ganmavlobaSidaakvirdnen da Seiswavlon motivaciebi daZaladobis urTierTdakavSirebuli mizezebi.am problemebTan gamklaveba SesaZlebelia,agreTve, adamianis uflebaTa dacvissafuZvlebis Cagvris/daSinebis prevenciisprogramebSi 206 (ix. CanarTi) Setanis saSualebiT.bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic Cagvris/daSinebismaRali riskis matareblebi arian, iqnebianisini msxverpli Tu moZalade, SesaZlebeliamizanSewonili iyos individualuristrategiebis SeTavazeba, rac gulisxmobsmaTTan saxlSi misvlas da rogorc bavSvisTvis,ise misi mSoblebisTvis konsultaciisgawevas da maTi unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tarebas.Zaladoba genderul daseqsualur niadagze:prevencia da reagirebaskolaSi iseTi klimati unda iyos, romgogonebi da, saerTod, nebismieri bavSvi,kargad grZnobdes Tavs, miuxedavad misiseqsualuri orientaciisa, romelic Sei-Zleba cnobili an saeWvo iyos sxva bavSvebisTvisan ubralod miewerebodes am bavSvs.skola usafrTxo adgili unda iyos da yvelabavSvs Tanabari saSualeba unda hqondesfsiqologiuri da SemecnebiTi ganviTarebisTvis.amis misaRwevad unda moxdes saswraforeagireba genderul da seqsualurorientaciaze dafuZnebul Zaladobaze:bavSvebs unda ganemartoT sakiTxi, urTierTobebida gamoumuSavdeT ZaladobisganTavis daRwevis an misi mogeriebis unari.imis Segnebam, rom seqsualuri Zaladobagogonebsa da axlgazrda qalebs adamianisimunodeficitis virusiT daavadebismaRali riskis winaSe ayenebs, gamoiwviamravalmxrivi reagireba msoflio doneze,gansakuTrebiT ki samxreT afrikaSi. zogierTisaerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo orgonanizaciisiniciativa exeba skolis miRmaurTierTobebs. magaliTad, “Action Aid”-is“Stepping Stones”-is treningis programamiznad isaxavs adamianis imunodeficitisvirusis gavrcelebis SeCerebas, risTvisacmuSaobs genderuli da seqsualuri Zaladobisproblemaze afrikis, laTinuri amerikisada karibis zRvis auzis qveynebis aTasobiTTemTan. 209 paralelurad tardeba samuSaoSexvedrebi rogorc mamakacebisTvis,169Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

170Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSiise qalebisTvis, romlebic miznad isaxavsusafrTxo da kargi garemos Seqmnas, sadacorive sqesis warmomadgeneli Tavisufladisaubrebs mtkivneul sakiTxebze. qalebida mamakacebi periodulad erTmaneTsacxvdebian, raTa gauziaron TavianTi mosazrebebi.ganixileba Semdegi Temebi: `ratomviqceviT ise, rogorc viqceviT~ da `rogorunda SevicvaloT~. Sedegad miviReT ufrousafrTxo seqsualuri kavSirebi, ojaxSiZaladobis Semcireba, mamakacebis mierSinaur saqmeebSi daxmareba, gaumjobesebulikomunikacia wyvilebsa da mSoblebsada Svilebs Soris, gansakuTrebiT iseT mtkivneulsakiTxebSi, romlebic sqesobrivjanrTelobas exeba.eTiopiaSi sazogadoebis iniciativiTCamoyalibda `gogonebis sakonsultaciokomitetebi~ (GEACs), romlebic miznadisaxaven maRali standartebis ganaTlebisxelmisawvdomobas gogonebisTvis.`gogonebis sakonsultacio komitetebma~daaarses `gogonebis klubebi~, sadac maTusafrTxod SeuZliaT isaubron, gaamxnevonerTmaneTi, gauziaron erTmaneTsseqsualuri Seviwroebisa da Zaladobisproblemebi. `gogonebis sakonsultaciokomitetebis~ sxva iniciativebi moicavsdisciplinuri komitetebis Seqmnas, romlebicmuSaoben maswavleblebis angariSvaldebulebaze,`policiis~ Seqmnas,romelic daicavs gogonebs gzaSi saxlidanskolaSi da ukan, calke sapirfareSoebisaSenebas gogonebisTvis. komitetebi asevemxars uWeren qal maswavleblebs skolaSi,aswavlian gogonebsa da biWebs erTmaneTismimarT pativiscemiT damokidebulebas,uweven gogonebs konsultaciebs usafrTxoadgilebis Sesaxeb, aseve imxroben mTel regionebsada maT liderebs, raTa maT xeliSeuwyon gogonebis motacebisa da adreuliqorwinebis aRkveTas. Sedegad, erT-erT sa-Sualo skolaSi gogonebis mier swavlisTvisTavis danebebis done 57%-dan 19%-mdeSemcirda. 210skolis programa: ra darogor unda iswavlebodesskolis programebi, swavlebis meTodebi daskolaSi gamefebuli atmosfero mTlianadiseTi unda iyos, rom aswavlides, magaliTsaZlevdes da amkvidrebdes genderuli Tanasworobis,adamianis uflebebis dacvisada araZaladobrivi urTierTobebis principebsda Tavad atarebdes am principebsyoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. yovelive es asevexels unda uwyobdes bavSvis gamZleobis ga-Zlierebas, raTa man SeZlos gaumklavdesda winaaRmdegoba gauwios Zaladobas.tradiciulad, saskolo programa Zaliankoncentrirebuli iyo `Sinaarsze~ (`ra~) danakleb yuradRebas aqcevda unarebisa da improcesebis (`rogor~) Seswavlas, rogoricaakiTxvebis dasma, problemebis gadaWrada gadawyvetilebaTa miReba. ufro daufro aRiareben, rom swarafad cvalebadsamyaroSi aucilebelia, aswavlo bavSvsiseTi konstruqciuli qcevis (`rogor~)wesebi, romlebic saSualebas miscems,daicvas Tavi usiamovnebisgan da miiRoszomebi usiamovnebisgan sxvebis dasacavad.aseT swavlebas xSirad uwodeben `cxovrebisaTvissaWiro unar-Cvevebze dafuZnebulswavlebas~.cxovrebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebze dafuZnebuliswavleba unda moicavdes iseTiprincipebis swavlebas, rogoricaa: genderuliTanasworoba, adamianis uflebebisdacva da araZaladobrivi qceva, aseve, amprincipebis praqtikaSi ganxorcieleba. 211,212

`dRes ukve aRiarebulia bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis SemaSfoTebeli masStabiafrikaSi. gacnobierebulia isic, rom igi damangrevlad moqmedebs rogorcim bavSvebze, romlebic ganicdian Zaladobas, ise mTel sazogadoebaze. Cvenes codna unda gamoviyenoT prevenciisTvis, romelic unda davafuZnoT sxvaregionebSi SemuSavebul warmatebul strategiebze. amgvari reagirebisdayovneba niSnavs, uRalato im ndobas, romliTac Cven varT aRWurvili –davicvaT daCagrulebi da daucvelebi~.doqtori luis g. sambo, regionuli direqtori afrikaSi, janmrTelobismsoflio organizacia4bavSvis uflebebsa da mis centralur rolze orientirebuliCagvris sawinaaRmdego programebis arsebiTi elementebimaSin, rodesac Cagvris/daSinebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli programebi SeiZlebagansxvavdebodes erTmaneTisgan konkretuli elementebiT, yvelze metadefeqturi programebi koncentrirebulia bavSvebis uflebebze da maTicentraluri rolis aRiarebaze. am programebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:•• bavSvebis CarTva adreuli asakidan, vidre maTi qcevebi dadamokidebulebebi Camoyalibdeba stereotipul modelebad;•• skolebis mier sazogadoebis yvela nawilis CarTva da Zaladobisprevenciaze fokusireba. xelmZRvanelebis, maswavleblebis,moswavleebis, mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis farTo wreebis CarTvaprogramebis SemuSavebaSi, ganxorcielebasa da monitoringSi.•• Camoyalibeba liderTa jgufisa, romelic dauyovnebliv moaxdensreagirebas da viTarebis cvlilebebs Seusabamebs iniciativebs;•• saganmanaTleblo komponentebi, romelTa saSualebiT gaizrdebainformirebulobis done da gaumjobesdeba yvela wamyvani monawilisunarebi; es komponentebi unda dainergos Cveulebriv saskoloprogramebSi, raTa bavSvebma icodnen adamianis uflebebi daCamouyalibdeT iseTi unar-Cvevebi, romlebic saSualebas miscems,iurTierTon da gadawyviton konfliqtebi araZaladobrivi gziT;•• bavSvebis qcevaze gaZlierebuli dakvirveba, erTmaneTTanurTierTobaze sagangebo yuradRebis miqceviT, gansakuTrebiT maSin,rodesac ikveTeba, rom SeiZleba adgili hqondes Cagvras;•• angariSgebis, Carevis, msxverplisTvis daxmarebis gawevis damoZaladeTa reabilitaciis meqanizmebis damkvidreba;•• Careva Tanmimdevruli unda iyos, ise, rom ar Seiqmnas ugulebelyofisan usamarTlobis STabeWdileba. 207,208es SesaZloa Seexos Zalze piradul damgrZnobiare sakiTxebsac, romlebic exebaTiToeuli bavSvis damaxasiaTebel unikalurTvisebebs, am bavSvis ojaxur garemos,religiur da kulturul tradiciebs daiseT Temebs, romlebic uwin tabudadebuliiyo bavSvebTan gamarTul diskusiebSi. aseTsakiTxebTan midgomisTvis saWiroa aramarto specialuri saswavlo programebisSemuSaveba, aramed Sesabamisi swavlebis me-Todebis danergvac. es gulisxmobs tradiciulimeqanikuri swavlebidan gadaxvevasda bavSvebisTvis stimulis micemas, dasvanSekiTxvebi, maswavleblebis mxridan bavSvebisTvisTavisi gamocdilebis gaziarebasda saswavlo procesis saxiT grZnobebisada azrebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis swavlebas.magaliTad, samxreT afrikaSi 2005wlis saswavlo programa eyrdnoba moqniliswavlebis meTodebs, romlebic aqezebsbavSvebs, aqtiuri monawileoba miiRonswavlis procesSi da xels uwyobs maT-Si kritikuli azrovnebis unar-CvevebisCamoyalibebas. 213171Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

172Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi1998-dan 2004 wlamde ganaTlebis uflebissakiTxebSi sagangebo momxsenebeli TanamSromlobdaiuneskosTan, raTa gamocemuliyo`saxelmZRvanelo adamianisuflebebis Sesaxeb: adamianis uflebebisadmiglobaluri moTxovnebi, martivadwarmodgenili~. 214 saxelmZRvaneloSi naTqvamia,rom bavSvs aqvs ufleba rogorcganaTlebaze, ise uflebebi ganaTlebismiRebis procesSi. es niSnavs, rom skolebimovale arian, daicvan TavianTi moswavleebisuflebebi da aswavlon maT, Tu rogorunda moekidon pativiscemiT sxva adamianebisuflebebs. ganaTlebisadmi adamianisuflebebze damyarebuli midgoma ganaTlebasaqcevs yvelanairi saxis Zaladobis, maTSoris, bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdegmimarTuli grZelvadiani kampaniissafuZvlad. bavSvebi, romlebic gaizrdebianZaladobisgan Tavisufal skolebSi daromlebsac aswavlian, rom pativiscemiTmoekidon yvela adamianis uflebas, icxovronZaladobisgan Tavisufal garemoSi _saukeTeso imedia Zaladobisgan Tavisufalimomavlis Senebis saqmeSi.aSS-Si, magaliTad, arasamTavrobo organizaciamsaxelwodebiT `komiteti bavSvebisaTvis~SeimuSava saswavlo programaTasami wyeba: meore nabiji, nabijebi pativiscemisgasaRviveblad da saubrebi sxva adamianebisxeliT Sexebis Sesaxeb, romelTadaniSnulebaa, gadascen bavSvebs codna daunar-Cvevebi Cagvris/daSinebis, seqsualuriSeuracxyofisa da Zaladobis sxvaformebis Tavidan asacileblad. es saswavloprogramebi miznad isaxavs, daxmarebagauwios bavSvebs sakuTari Tavis dacvaSi,saubris, da ara brZolis, unar-CvevebisgamomuSavebaSi da sxvadasxva sakiTxze sxvaTapoziciidan fiqris unaris CamoyalibebaSi.kanadisa da aSS-is 10 000-ze metdawyebiT skolaSi meore nabijis danergvisSedegebis Sefasebisas (ganxorcielda 1997wels) dadginda, rom agresiuli qceva Semcirdada gaizarda pozitiuri socialuriqceva saklaso oTaxebSi, saTamaSo moednebsada kafeteriebSi. 215zogierTi mtkivneuli da faqizi sakiTxisgadawyveta ufro farTo konteqstSi uke-Tesad aris SesaZlebeli. rodesac daisvakiTxva, Tu ra aris saukeTeso gza seqsualurSeuracxyofaze reagirebisTvis, kanadelma,kolumbielma, bangladeSelma, brazilielma,mozambikelma, nepalelma, nikaraguelma,ruminelma, ruandelma, samxreT afrikelma,espanelma, sirielma da ugandelma bavSvebmaTqves, rom seqsuluri SeuracxyofissakiTxi bavSvis uflebebisa da maTi dacvisswavlebis konteqstSi unda ganixilebodesda ara ganyenebulad. 216,217 cxovrebisaTvissaWiro unar-Cvevebis efeqturi swavlebisdamaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa, rom swavlebisada swavlis meTodebi interaqtiulia dabavSvs eZleva Tavisi Sexedulebebis gaziarebisSesaZlebloba. cxovrebisaTvissaWiro unar-Cvevebis efeqturi swavlebisasbavSvebs xSirad rTaven maT skolaSi arsebulirealuri problemebis mogvarebasada Sesabamisi strategiebisa da programebisSemuSavebaSi.usafrTxo da mimzidveliadgilebis Seqmnamravali kvlevis farglebSi eTxovaT bavSvebs,mieTiTebinaT saSiSi da usafrTxozonebi maT skolebsa da skolebis sportulmoednebze. maT zustad moniSnes isadgilebi, sadac gogonebi usafrTxod argrZnoben Tavs. es ZiriTadad iyo biWebisTavSeyris adgilebi an adgilebi, sadacsaklaso oTaxebi hqondaT im mamakac maswavleblebs,romlebic maT seqsualurad

4es gancalkevebac darRveuli iyo kabinebSikarebis ararsebobiT. qal maswavleblebsacuWirdaT moeZebnaT iseTi adgilebi, sadacdaculi iqnebodnen mamakacebis mxridanSewuxebisgan. 221erayi, 2003 weli, bavSvebi bavSvTa saxlSi, abdamia,baRdadiaviwroebdnen. 218,219,220 durbanSi, samxreTafrika, saSualo skolaSi Catarebulmakvlevam naTelyo, rom skolaSi arsebuliteritoriebi danawilebuli iyo genderuliTvalsazrisiT. iq iyo bevri gancalkevebuliadgili biWebisTvis, sadac isini meTvalyureobisgareSe rCebodnen da sadacSemwynareblurad uyurebdnen biWebis mierTambaqos mowevas; iyo, agreTve, gancalkevebuliadgilebi mamakaci maswavleblebisTvis,sadac mamakacebi uars acxadebdnenqali maswavleblebisa da gogonebis SeSvebaze.gogonebisTvis erTaderTi gancalkevebuliadgili iyo tualeti, TumcaUNICEF 101-0155. Da n Bh ay iiq, sadac skola ar aris mimzidveli da saintereso,ufro Znelia TanamSromelTa moralisCamoyalibeba da bavSvebSi swavlisadmidadebiTi damokidebulebis ganviTareba.skolebis gasaumjobeseblad aucilebeliar aris didi fuladi danaxarjebi da SesaZlebeliaganxorcieldes skolis Tanam-SromelTa, moswavleTa, mSobelTa da Temissxva wevrebis daxmarebiT, saswavlo proceszedamatebuli qmedebebis saxiT. magaliTad,indoeTis soflis dabalSemosavlianraionebSi skolebis TanamSromlebma damoswavleebma erTad imuSaves, rom moer-ToT da ganeaxlebonaT saklaso oTaxebi daskolis ezoebi, martivi masalebis gamoyenebiT.aRmoCnda, rom am meTodma gaamarTla,rodesac skolebi daculi iyo vandalizmisagan.222kvleva da Sefasebayvela moqmed saganmanaTleblo sistemaSiarsebobs skolis doneze monacemTaSegrovebis meqanizmebi. bevrgan tardebaregularuli Semowmebebic, rac qmnisdamatebiT SesaZleblobebs monacemTa Sesagroveblad,Tumca am monacemTa raodenobada xarisxi xSirad ar iZleva skolaSiarsebuli Zaladobis gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuliformebis Tundac miaxloebiTiSefasebebis saSualebas. aseve rTulia ammonacemebze dayrdnobiT eZio gzebi ZaladobismasStabis Sesamcireblad. erT-erTimizezi imisa, rom es ver xerxdeba, imaSimdgomareobs, rom skolebSi ar aris kvalificiuripersonali, romelic Seagrovebda173Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

174Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSida analizs gaukeTebda monacemebs. igiveiTqmis adgilobriv da regionul saskoloorganoebsa da saxelmwifo donis zogierTorganoebzec. vinaidan aseT monacemTa SegrovebaZalze mniSvnelovania problemazereagirebis farglebis Sesafaseblad daimis dasadgenadac, Tu ramdenad Seamcirebsreagireba Zaladobas, rekomendebulia,rom regionul saskolo organoebSi gaizardosprofesionalizmi monitoringisada Sefasebis mizniT, aseTi monacemebis Segrovebis,analizisa da maTTan dakavSirebuliangariSebis Cabarebis TvalsazrisiT.saWiroa skolaSi Zaladobis sxvadasxvaformasTan dakavSirebuli SeTanxmebulistandartebis, sayovelTaod miRebuliganmartebebisa da klasifikaciebis arseboba,magram aucilebelia maTSi adgilobrivisakiTxebis CarTvac. arsebobsaseTi ganmartebebisa da klasifikaciisTvisSemuSavebuli modelebi, maT Soris`zianis gare mizezebis saerTaSorisoklasifikacia~. 223 arsebobs, agreTve, `zianismiyenebaze dakvirvebis saxelmZRvanelomiTiTebebi~, rac daexmareba ganaTlebissferos organoebs rogorc erovnul daregionul, ise skolis doneebze, SeimuSaonTavianTi ganmartebebi da klasifikacia,aseve monacemTa Segrovebis, analizisa daangariSgebis momzadebis martivi formebida meqanizmebi. 224yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodi globalurda erovnul doneze monacemTa SegrovebisTvisaris moswavleTa janmrTelobis sakiTxebzeglobaluri saskolo gamokiTxvebi, 225romlebic tardeba sul ufro met ganvi-Tarebad qveyanaSi da gamokiTxvebi Temaze`skolis asakis bavSvTa qceva, romelic maTjanmrTelobaze axdens gavlenas~, romlebicZiriTadad tardeba ganviTarebulqveynebSi da gardamavali ekonomikis zogierTqveyanaSi. 226 sxva efeqtur instrumentebsganekuTvneba damografiuli dajanmrTelobis sferoebis kvlevebi da msgavsikvlevebi da gamokiTxvebi, romlebicperiodulad tardeba jandacvis (da sxvaseqtorebis) saministroebis mier imisaTvis,rom dadgindes, magaliTad, adamianisimunodeficitis virusis gavrceleba daqceva, romelmac SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos inficirebas.monitoringi da Sefaseba xals Seuwyobsreagirebis formebis identificirebasada maT gaumjobesebas. saWiroa, agreTve,ufro safuZvliani kvlevebis CatarebaZaladobis kerZo formebis Sesaswavlad daZaladobis sxvadasxva formebsa da maTgangamomdinare risks, damcav faqtorebsa dareagirebis programebis efeqturobas SoriskavSirebis dasadgenad.rekomendaciebiganaTleba cvlilebis umTavresi faqtoria,romelsac ZaluZs Zaladobis wris garRveva,Zaladobisa ara marto bavSvebis mimarT,aramed mozrdilebs Sorisac. igi xels uwyobsbavSvebSi Tavmoyvareobis, sxvebismimarT pativiscemis grZnobis gaRvivebas,aswavlis maT imasac, Tu rogor gamoxatonTavianTi grZnobebi da rogor gadawyvitonsakiTxebi molaparakebis gziT, fsiqologiuriTu fizikuri Zaladobis gamoyenebisgareSe.qvemoT Camoyalibebuli rekomendaciebismizania, daxmareba gaewioT mTavrobebs,ganaTlebis sferos xelmZRvanel organoebs,skolebis xelmZRvanelebs, maswavleblebs,moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da mTelsazogadoebas araZaladobrivi skolebisSeqmnisken mimarTul ZalisxmevaSi. re-

4komendaciebi eyrdnoba gaeros bavSvisuflebaTa konvencias da kvlevis ganxorcielebismizniT Catarebuli regionulikonsultaciebis farglebSi Segrovebulinformacias, aseve eqspertebis daskvnebs,sazogadoebis mier warmodgenil informaciasda Zaladobis mizezebisa da Zaladobisprevenciis gacnobierebas mtkicebulebebzedayrdnobiT, maT Soris, genderTanZaladobis faqtobrivad universalurikavSiris gacnobierebas. rekomendaciebimiznad isaxavs imis uzrunvelyofas, romsaganmanaTleblo meTodebi, saswavlo programebida samsaxurebi iTvaliswinebdesbavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis debulebebsda rom maTi SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebaSeesabamebodes rogorc socialur da kulturulsxvadasxvaobas, ise ekonomikur dapraqtikul realobas.prevenciisTvis prioritetis miniWeba1. uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes ZaladobisganTavisufali garemos sayovel-Tao xelmisawvdomoba, sadac bavSvebisuflebebi daculi iqneba da xeliSeewyoba maT damkvidrebas. globalurimowodebidan _ `ganaTleba yvelasaTvis~_ gamomdinare, mTavrobebmaunda uzrunvelyon dawyebiTi da saSualoganaTlebis miReba skolebSi uflebaTaSelaxvis gareSe, agreTve undaSeZlon, rom skolebma gogonebsa dabiWebs Seuqmnan janmrTeli, genderulTanasworobasa da monawileobaze damyarebulida efeqturi saswavlo garemo.araZaladobrivi urTierTobebisdamkvidreba rogorc skolis SigniT,ise mis gareT unda iyos mkafiod dasaxuliis mizani, romelic unda gatardescxovrebaSi Sesabamisi strategiebisada farTod reklamirebuli saSualebebismeSveobiT.2. skolebSi Zaladobis akrZalva. xelisuflebebimovale arian, kanonis meSveobiTgadaWriT akrZalon bavSvebismimarT Zaladoba da uzrunvelyon amas-Tan dakavSirebuli procedurebisa dastrategiebis ganxorcieleba skolebSi,saxeldobr, unda aRmoifxvras bavSvisfizikuri dasja da bavSvis mimarT sxvasaxis damamcirebeli an Seuracxmyofelimopyroba, misi Cagvra da daSinebada seqsualur an genderul niadagze aRmocenebulinebismieri sxva Zaladoba.3. skolaSi Zaladobis Tavidan acilebaspecialuri programebis meSveobiT,romlebic Seexeba mTlianad saskologaremos. mTavrobebma unda gaataronZaladobis prevenciis programebimTlianad saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebismasStabiT, mTeli personalisada moswavleebisTvis da, amave dros,gaiTvaliswinon daucveli bavSvebisgansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi.4. yuradRebis gamaxvileba genderulsakiTxebze da maT kavSirze ZaladobasTan.mTavrobebma yuradReba undamiaqcion damkvidrebuli genderulistereotipebis zegavlenas skolaSi daskolis gareT Zaladobaze, biWebi, skolismamrobiTi sqesis TanamSromlebida sazogadoebis wevri mamakacebi undaaqcion TavianT strategiul partniorebadda mokavSireebad da mdedrobiTisqesis moswavleebTan, skolispersonalsa da sazogadoebis wevrebTanerTad unda miscen saSualeba, ukeTgaiazron genderuli diskriminaciisada Zaladobrivi gamovlinebebis Sewyvetisaucilebloba.5. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis mipyrobadaucveli bavSvebis jgufebisT-175Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

176Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSivis. mTavrobebma unda ganaxorcielonkonkretuli strategiebi, raTa gaTvaliswinebuliqnes daucveli bavSvebissaWiroebebi, kerZod ki Sewydes maTidiskriminacia. skolis personali mudmivadunda reagirebdes iseT situaciebze,sadac riskis winaSe dgebian bavSvebieTnikuri umciresobebidan, unarSezRudulibavSvebi, oboli bavSvebida adamianis imunodeficitis virusiTinficirebuli bavSvebi, aseve bavSvebiltolvilebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuliojaxebidan an yofili bavSvijariskacebi.6. bavSvebisTvis usafrTxo adgilebisSeqmna. mTavrobebma unda Seuqmnan bavSvebsusafrTxo adgilebi, raTa gogonebsada biWebs erTnairad miuwvdebodeTxeli yvelaferze da hqondeT SesaZlebloba,srulad CaerTon saskolo cxovrebaSi.skolebSi unda iyos SesabamisisapirfareSoebi gogonebisTvis dabiWebisTvis. yvela saTavso unda iyossufTa da usafrTxo da xelmisawvdomirogorc gogonebisTvis, ise biWebisTvis.bavSvi daculi unda iyos sazogadoebisnegatiuri Carevisagan.profesionalizmis amaRleba7. qcevis iseTi wesebis SemuSaveba da cxovrebaSigatareba, romlebic iTvaliswinebsbavSvTa uflebebis dacvisprincipebs. personalis, moswavleebisada maTi ojaxebis da mTlianad sazogadoebisTvisunda SemuSavdes qcevisswori wesebi, romlebic gaiTvaliswinebsbavSvTa uflebebs da Seesabamebakanonmdeblobas. mTavrobebipasuxismgebeli arian iseTi meqanizmebisada wesebis SemuSavebaze, romlebicuzrunvelyofs skolebSi (Tavad skolebSian mowveuli specialistis saxiT)specialurad momzadebuli da ndobiTaRWurvili ufrosebis arsebobas,romelTac bavSvi SiSis gareSe mouyvebaZaladobis SemTxvevebs da miiRebs rCevas.8. imis uzrunvelyofa, rom skolisdireqtorebi da maswavleblebi ariyenebdnen Zaladobriv meTodebs saswavlostrategiebisa da disciplinurizomebis gatarebisas. mTavrobebmaunda uzrunvelyon, rom swavlebisada swavlis strategiebi da disciplinurizomebi ar moicavdes daSinebis,muqaris, damcirebisa Tu fizikuri Zalisgamoyenebis elementebs. skolisTanamSromlebma unda gaiaron treningida maT xeli unda SeewyoT araZaladobrivimeTodebis gamoyenebaSida klasis pativiscemaze dafuZnebulimarTvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba-Si; garda amisa, skolis personals undahqondes Cagvrisa da genderuli niSniTZaladobis sxva formebis prevenciisada maTze efeqturad reagirebis unari.9. moswavleebis mosmena da maTimonawileobis waxaliseba. mTavrobebmada maTma partniorebma unda waaxalisonda xeli Seuwyon moswavleebismonawileobas strategiebisa da programebisSemuSavebaSi, ganviTarebaSi,ganxorcielebasa da monitoringSi. amiserT-erTi gzaa bavSvebisaTvis xelmisawvdomikonfidencialuri saCivrebisada angariSgebis meqanizmebis Seqmna.skolis menejmentSi unda waxalisdesiseTi struqturebis Seqmna, romlebicorientirebuli iqneba TanamSromlobazeda genderul problemebzereagirebaze. moswavleebs unda gamoumuSavdeTSesabamisi unar-Cvevebi da

4mieceT monawileobis saSualeba. gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovania am saqmeSidaucveli bavSvebis CarTva.Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTulicodnisa da unarebis gaZliereba10. saswavlo programis gadasinjva, raTamasSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnes araZaladobrivigaremos Seqmnisa da genderuliTanasworobis damkvidrebisxelSemwyobi gzebi. xelisuflebamunda izrunos imaze, rom saswavlo programebi,saxelmZRvaneloebi da swavlebismeTodebi xels uwyobdnen bavSvTauflebebis dacvas, mxars uWerdnenmravalmxrivi codnis micemas, tolerantobis,pativiscemis, TanasworobisgrZnobebis gaRvivebas, konfliqtebisgadawyvetas aradiskriminaciuli daaraZaladobrivi gzebiT.11. cxovrebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebisswavlebis danergva, raTa moswavleebsmieceT saSualeba, gamoimuSaonTavianTi personaluriunar-Cvevebi. xelisuflebebma xeliunda Seuwyon araZaladobrivi, cxovrebiseulgamocdilebaze dafuZnebuliunar-Cvevebis programebis danergvasskolebSi iseTi sagnebis meSveobiT,romlebic Seicavs mSvidobis, moqalaqeobriviprincipebis, CagvrasTanbrZolis, adamianis uflebebisa da konfliqtebisgadawyvetisa da Seamavlobiselementebs. aqcenti unda gakeTdesbavSvis uflebebze da iseT pozitiurfaseulobebze, rogoricaa azrTa sxvadasxvaobada tolerantoba, socialurida efeqturi komunikacia. es xelsSeuwyobs bavSvebs damkvidrebuli genderulistereotipebis damsxvrevaSida Zaladobisa da SeviwroebisTvis, maTSoris, seqsualuri SeviwroebisTviswinaaRmdegobis gawevaSi.12. skolisa da sazogadoebis partniorobisxelSewyoba da skolebis warmoCenasazogadoebis resursis saxiT. mTavrobebmaunda gaacnobieron, rom skolasazogadoebis resursia da xeli Seuwyonskolasa da sazogadoebas Sorisufro mWidro urTierTkavSirs skola-Si da skolis gareT arsebul Zaladobazereagirebis mizniT. maT am procesSiunda CarTon moswavleebi, skolis personali,mSoblebi da sxva partniorebi,anu policia, janmrTelobis dacviscentrebi, socialuri daxmarebis centrebi,religiuri jgufebi, gamajansaRebelida kulturuli jgufebi.sainformacio sistemebis Seqmna13. biWebisa da gogonebis mimarT Zaladobisamsaxvel monacemTa Segrovebissistemis gaZliereba. Segrovilmamonacemebma unda uzrunvelyos, rommoswavleTa da potenciur moswavleTamosazrebebi gaiTvaliswinon maswavleblebma,mSoblebma da farTo sazogadoebam.amasTan, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaunda mieqces daucvel bavSvebs.mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon informaciisdaxarisxeba Tundac sqesisada asakis mixedviT. es informacia undaSevides ganaTlebis marTvis arsebulsainformacio sistemebSi adgilobriv,regionul da erovnul doneebze.14. bavSvebis mimarT skolaSi da skolisgareT Zaladobis sakiTxebzesaxelmwifo masStabis kvlevis programisSemuSaveba. monacemTa SegrovebissistemebTan (ganxilulia zemoT)erTad, mTavrobebma unda dasaxon177Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi

178Zaladoba bavSvebis mimarT skolebsa da saswavlo dawesebulebebSierovnuli kvlevis prioritetebi dagansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcionxarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi kvlevebisCatarebas, eTikur da bavSvebzeorientirebul sakiTxebze koncentrirebiT.unda moxdes monacemTa daxarisxeba(klasificireba), raTa naTladgamoCndes sxvadasxva asakis gogonebisada biWebis gamocdileba ZaladobasTanda mis daZlevasTan dakavSirebiT, aseveim situaciebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebSicbavSvebi vardebian, da mkafiodwarmoCindes maT winaSe arsebuli riskfaqtorebida damcavi faqtorebi.literatura1. United Nations Secretary - General’s Studyon Violence against Children. (2005).Regional Consultation Outcome Reports.ix.: www.violencestudy.reg/r272.Wood K, Jewkes R (2001). ‘Dangerous”Love: Reflections on Violence among XhosaTownship Youth. wyaro: Morrell R (Ed).Changing Men in Southern Africa. London,University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburgand Zed Press, gv.317-336.3. Leach F et al. (2003). An Investigative Studyof the Abuse of Girls in African Schools.Education Research Report N 54. London,Education Department, United KingdomDepartment for International Development.4. United Nations Secretary - General’s Studyon Violence against Children. (2005).Regional Desk Review: South Asia.ix.: www.violencestudy.reg/r275.Wood K, Jewkes R (2001). ‘Dangerous”Love: Reflections on Violence among XhosaTownship Youth. wyaro: Morrell R (Ed).Changing Men in Southern Africa. London,University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburgand Zed Press, gv.317-336.6. Leach F et al. (2003). An InvestigativeStudy of the Abuse of Girls in AfricanSchools. Education Research Report N 54.London, Education Department, UnitedKingdom Department for InternationalDevelopment.7. United Nations Secretary - General’s Studyon Violence against Children. (2005).Regional Consultation Outcome Reports.ix.: www.violencestudy.reg/r278.Wood K, Jewkes R (2001). ‘Dangerous”Love: Reflections on Violence among XhosaTownship Youth. wyaro: Morrell R (Ed).Changing Men in Southern Africa. London,

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