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il quadro attorno a noi, rappresenta‑
no una sfida cruciale non solo per un
gruppo globale ma per qualunque
tipo di società in qualunque settore. Il
problema più chiaramente esplicito è
quello rappresentato dalla crisi finan‑
ziaria. Attualmente assistiamo a quel‑
la che viene definita la terza fase della
crisi, quella dei debiti sovrani, che ha
grandissimi rischi di conseguenze ed
implicazioni su tutto il sistema finan‑
ziario ed economico globale. Il secon‑
do è legato ai cambiamenti geopolitici
che sta affrontando il mediterraneo
meridionale, che pochi sino a qualche
mese fa avrebbero potuto prevedere,
la cosiddetta Primavera araba, che ha
delle implicazioni importanti anche
per il settore energetico specialmente
per quanto riguarda il prezzo e l’ap‑
provigionamento delle materie prime.
La terza è quella legata al disastro na‑
turale avvenuto quest’anno in Giap‑
lenge, not only for an international
group, but also for any type of enterprise
in any sector. The most explicit
issue is that of the financial crisis and
at present, we are witnessing what is
defined as the third phase of the crisis,
that of the sovereign debt - which poses
serious implications and consequences
on the global financial and economic
system. The second is related to the geopolitical
changes affecting the southern
Mediterranean area, which until a few
months ago, few could have foreseen,
the so called Arab Spring, which has
important implications also on the energy
sector, especially as regards price
and procurement of raw materials. The
third is linked to the natural disaster
that happened in Japan this year, at
the Fukushima nuclear power plant
and the subsequent decision - dictated
by political rather than scientific or eco-
pone che ha causato l’incidente nella
centrale nucleare di Fukushima e la
conseguente decisione, più dettata da
ragioni di carattere politico che da dati
scientifici ed economici, di rivedere le
politiche energetiche di alcuni paesi:
in questa zona d’Europa in primis la
Germania che ha deciso di dismettere
gradualmente l’utilizzo dell’energia
nucleare entro il 2022.
Affrontare queste sfide è possibile
solo realizzando politiche energetiche
ed economiche che trovino un giusto
equilibrio tra alcuni fattori fondamen‑
tali. Primo fra tutti la sicurezza degli
approvvigionamenti, quella che nel no‑
stro settore si chiama sicurezza energe‑
tica, con cui si intende la provenienza e
le condizioni cui accediamo alle risorse
energetiche, quanto siamo dipendenti
e che tipo di rischi dobbiamo affron‑
tare, basti pensare alla crisi del gas del
2009 e alle conseguenze che questa ha
nomic data – to review the energy policies
of some countries: first in this part
of Europe was Germany, that decided to
gradually dispose of nuclear energy by
the year 2022.
Facing up to these challenges can only
take place by applying new energy and
economic policies, that are able to find
the right balance between a few key
factors. First and foremost, safety of energy
supplies - what we call in our sector
energy security - which refers the origin
and conditions for accessing energy resources,
our dependence on it and the
type of risks we have to face. The 2009
gas crisis and the consequences it had
on this region of Europe is a clear example.
Diversifying one’s sources has thus
become an imperative today.
The second factor is environmental
sustainability, that is: to pose a serious
remedy to the consequences of increas-
Michele Bologna
avuto proprio in questa regione d’Euro‑
pa. Diversificare le proprie fonti diventa
quindi oggi un imperativo.
Il secondo è la sostenibilità ambien‑
tale, porre un serio rimedio alle con‑
ing emissions of greenhouse gases and
pollutants, by shifting toward what is
defined as progressive decarbonisation
of the economy, or in other words, the
decreasing use of fossil fuels.
Finally, changes to the global scenario
have highligted the importance of providing
energy in a totally safe manner,
at competetive costs, in sufficent quantities
for the development of society and
economic activities.
If we want to be able to find a compromise
between these factors and solve
this equation, we must necessarily work
with a mix of energy sources that is as
much as possible balanced, without excluding
anything that modern technology
has to offer.
The response of Slovakia
Slovakia has a well distributed production
of electricity, among which the
main sources available are: hydro, ther-
progetto repubblica ceca
energia energy
La PRoSPETTIVa DEL SETToRE ENERGETICo
FuTuRE PRoSPECTS oF THE ENERGy SECToR
seguenze di crescenti emissioni di gas
serra ed inquinanti muovendosi verso
quella che viene definita la progressi‑
va decarbonizzazione dell’economia,
ossia l’utilizzo sempre minore di com‑
mal and nuclear power. And, it is thanks
to this mix that through Slovenské elektrárne
we produce 90% of electricity
without CO2 emissions. Nowadays, the
only source that allows us to achieve
these results - at very competitive costs
and to actually provide enough energy
without greenhouse gas emissions, is
nuclear energy. To explain the benefits
of this source of energy, the experts from
the sector normally say that nuclear
energy is not the only solution to energy
problems, but that there is no solution
without nuclear power.
Security is obviously a necessary condition
in order to use this almost inexhaustable
source of energy in a sustainable
manner - and is a parameter that
can be scientifically measured. Nuclear
power plants in Europe are now under
inspection on the initiative of the European
Commission, which is reviewing
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