Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond – Hindi

38
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
Òkx 4
orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k
vkWLVªsfy;k nqfu;k ds LkcLks iqjkus ÒwÒkxksa esa Lks ,d gS-
;g nqfu;k dk NBk LkcLks cM+k ns'k gS-

orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k
bu i`"Bksa esa vki ;g tku ik,axs fd ;g ns'k fdu ckrksa ds dkj.k ,d fof'k"V ns'k gS- vkid¨ gekjh LkaLÑfr] gekjs Á.ksrkvksa
v©j gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh feysxh- orZeku fo'o esa] vkWLVªsfy;k O;kikj&O;oLkk; ds {ks= esa ,d
xfr'khy Lkk>snkj v©j ,d LkEekfur fo'o ukxfjd gS- vius ns'k ds Lkrr fodkLk v©j uohdj.k esa ge u,&u, ÁokfLk;ksa ds
;¨xnku d¨ egRoiw.kZ Lke>rs gSa-
Òwfe
vkWLVªsfy;k dbZ –f"V;ksa Lks vuwBk gS- nqfu;k ds Lkkr egk}hiksa esa vdsyk vkWLVªsfy;k gh gS ftLk ij cLk ,d gh ns'k dk vf/kdkj
gS- Áfr oxZ fdy¨ehVj n¨ y¨xksa dh vkcknh ds LkkFk gekjk tuLka[;k&?kuRo nqfu;k esa LkcLks de gSvkWLVªsfy;k
nqfu;k ds LkcLks iqjkus ÒwÒkxksa esa Lks ,d gS- ;g nqfu;k dk NBk LkcLks cM+k ns'k gS- vkcknh&cgqy Ák;}hiksa esa ;g
LkcLks vf/kd 'kq"d Òh gS( vr% vkWLVªsfy;k ds vf/kdka'k Òkxksa esa ikuh ,d cgqewY; LkaLkk/ku gStehu
ds cgqr cM+s fgLLks esa feÍh dh xq.koŸkk fuEu fdLe dh gS- 6 Áfr'kr tehu gh Ñf"k&;¨X; gS- 'kq"d var%{ks=ksa d¨
vkmVcSd dgk tkrk gS- t¨ y¨x bu Lkqnwj ,oa dfBu tyok;q&{ks=ksa esa fuokl v©j dke djrs gSa] muds fy, gekjs eu esa cgqr
vknj gS- muesa Lks cgqrsjs vkWLVªsfy;k dh nardFkkvksa ds vax cu x, gSabruk
fo'kky ns'k g¨us ds dkj.k bLk egk}hi ds vyx&vyx Òkxksa esa vyx&vyx fdLe dh tyok;q ikbZ tkrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k
ds mŸkj esa m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= gSa r¨ e/; esa e#LFkyv©j
vf/kd nf{k.k tkus ij ioZrh; cQZ ds LkkFk tkM+s ds vR;ar Ba

40
fo'o /kj¨gj okys LFky
gekjs egk}hi ds 11 Áfr'kr Lks Òh vf/kd Òkx Lkajf{kr ns'kt ÒwÒkx gSa & os vkjf{kr ;k jk"Vªh; m|ku ftudk Lkaj{k.k dk;Z
varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqLkkj fd;k tkrk gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lk=g LFky Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kS{kf.kd] oSKkfud ,oa LkkaLÑfrd LkaxBu
(UNESCO) dh fo'o&/kj¨gj Lkwph esa vafdr gSa-
LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k v©j DoÈLkySaM esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
Q‚fLky eSey ¼thok'e Lruik;h½ LFky
nf{k.kh DoÈLkySaM ds Lkeqæ&rV Lks Lkqnwj Ýstj }hi
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa DoÈLkySaM esa xksaMokuk
[Gondwana] ds o"kkZ ou
DoÈLkySaM dk xzsV cSfj;j jhQ
fLkMuh Lks if'pe xzsV Cyw ioZr vkWLVªsfy;kbZ&vaVkdZfVd Áns'k esa gMZ }hi ,oa
eSDM¨ukYM }hiLkewg
u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa dkdkMq [Kakadu] jk"Vªh; m|ku
U;w LkkmFk osYLk ds Lkeqæ_rV Lks Lkqnwj y‚MZ g‚os }hi
rLekfu;k Lks nf{k.k eSDok;j }hi

osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa iU;qZyqyq [Purnululu]
jk"Vªh; m|ku
esyc‚uZ esa j‚;y ,Dthfc'ku fcÇYMx ,oa
dkyZVu xkMsZULk
osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa 'kkdZ cs
fLkMuh vkWisjk gkmLk
rLekfu;k ds chgM+
u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa myw:&dSVk T;wVk [Uluru-Kata
Tjuta] jk"Vªh; m|ku
DoÈLkySaM ds vkæZ m".kdfVca/k
U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa foysUMªk dh
>hysa [Willandra Lakes]
ge vkid¨ bl ckr ds fy,
Á¨RLkkfgr djrs gSa fd bu rFkk ,sLks
gh vU; v˜qr LFkyksa d¨ ns[kdj vki
vkWLVªsfy;k ds ckjs esa vius vuqÒo
d¨ foLr`r cuk,a- vki jsfxLrku ;k
Lkeqæ&rV ij] ;k fQj ioZrksa ij
vFkok o"kkZ&ouksa esa Hkze.k dj Lkdrs
gSa- vkids }kjk mBk;k x;k gj dne
vkid¨ bLk fo'kky v©j thoUr Òwfe
ds v©j djhc yk nsxk-
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 41

42
,d fo'kky ns'k
vkWLVªsfy;k dh fo'kkyrk ds dkj.k dbZ u, vkfo"dkjksa&
vuqLka/kkuksa d¨ cy feyk gS-
'kq#&'kq# ds fnuksa esa vkmVcSd esa jgus okys y¨xksa d¨
fudVre M‚DVj rd igqapus ds fy, dbZ&dbZ fnuksa rd
;k=k djuh iM+ tkrh Fkh- >kM+hnkj ¼cq'k½ {ks=ksa esa jgus okys
vusd cPps bruh nwj jgus ds dkj.k nSfud Ldwy ugÈ tk
Lkdrs Fks-
vkmVcSd esa jgus okys ifjokjksa ds fy, bLk vyxko d¨
Lkg ikuk eqf'dy g¨ x;k Fkk- cM+s&cM+s ^dSVy LVs'ku* ¼tUrq
vkxkj½ vkdkj esa gtkjksa oxZ fdy¨ehVj ds g¨rs Fks- ogka jgus
okys cPps v©j v©jrsa eghuksa rd nwLkjs y¨xksa d¨ ugÈ ns[k
ikrs Fks- VsfyQ¨u tSLks Lkk/ku ugÈ Fks v©j y¨xksa d¨ ,sLks esa
cM+k gh vyx&Fkyx tSLkk] vLkqjf{kr egLkwLk gksrk Fkk-
;s ,sLkh LkeL;k,a FkÈ ftudk Lkek/kku vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa us
viuh Lkw>&cw> v©j ubZ [k¨tksa Lks

vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku
vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku d¨ Lkkdkj fd;k gS gekjh vuwBh fojkLkr] gekjh LkaLÑfr rFkk gekjs y¨xksa ds m|eh LoÒko us-
[ksydwn v©j eu¨jatu
cgqr Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ yksx [ksydwn iLkUn djrs gSa v©j buesa
ls cgqr us varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij 'kkunkj Án'kZu fd, gSa-
'kkunkj [ksyksa okys ns'k ds :i esa uke dekdj ge
x©jokfUor gSa- dM+h esgur] LkkQ&LkqFkjh [ksy&Òkouk v©j
VheodZ ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k ds f[kykfM+;ksa v©j ;gka dh
v©jrksa dh gj txg vxzuk;d ds :i esa rkjhQ dh tkrh gS-
gekjs LkeLr bfrgkLk esa [ksydwn us vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa d¨
,d fo'ks"krk Ánku dh gS v©j gesa ,drk ds Lkw= esa fij¨;k
gS- vkckfn;ksa ds cLkus ds 'kq#vkrh Lke; Lks gh [ksydwnksa us
dB¨j thou ds ;FkkFkZ Lks foJkfUr ikus dk ekxZ fn[kyk;k-
yM+kbZ ds fnuksa esa Òh ;q)Òwfe ds ruko d¨ nwj djus ds
fy, vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk ds LknL;ksa us [ksydwn dh
Áfr;¨fxrkvksa dk vk;¨tu fd;k-
[ksydwn ,d ,sLkk LkkekU; vk/kkj Òh miyC/k djkrs gSa tgka
f[kykM+h v©j n'kZd n¨uksa gh Lo;a d¨ LkfEefyr ,oa ,d ,sLkh
oLrq dk fgLLkk Lke>rs gSa t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkkekt ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds vusd y¨x Lkkewfgd [ksyksa esa fgLLkk ysrs
gSa- fØdsV] ckLdsVc‚y] usVc‚y] g‚dh v©j QqVc‚y ds [ksy
LkokZf/kd y¨dfÁ; [ksyksa esa 'kkfey gSa-
rSjkdh] VsfuLk] ,FkfyfVDLk] x¨YQ rFkk LkkbÇDyx eu¨jatu
dh y¨dfÁ; xfrfof/k;ka gSa- LkkFk gh] ;s ,sLks [ksy Òh gSa ftuesa
vkWLVªsfy;k ds f[kykM+h varjkZ"Vªh; Áfr;¨fxrkvksa esa vR;qŸke
gSa- vU; y¨dfÁ; 'kkjhfjd xfrfof/k;ksa esa cq'kokWÇdx] LkÇQZx
rFkk Ldhbax 'kkfey gSa-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x QqVc‚y ¼;k Lk‚dj½] jxch yhx] jxch
;qfu;u rFkk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ :YLk QqVc‚y [ksyus v©j ns[kus ds
Òh 'k©dhu gSa- vkWLkht+ #YLk ,d fof'k"V vkWLVªsfy;kbZ [ksy gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ [kkLk&r©j ij fØdsV ds [ksy esa viuh
varjkZ"Vªh; LkQyrkvksa ij xoZ gS- 19oÈ Lknh ds mŸkjk)Z Lks
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ,oa bafXy'k fØdsV Vheksa esa xgu Áfr;¨fxrk
pyrh vk jgh gS-
^,d ,sLkh jsLk ftLks ns[kus ds fy, ns'k Bgj tkrk gS* ds uke
ls tkuk tkus okyk esyc‚uZ di nqfu;k ds LkcLks Lke`) ,oa
pqu©rhiw.kZ ?kqM+n©M+ksa esa Lks ,d gS- igyk esyc‚uZ di 1877 esa
vk;¨ftr fd;k x;k- rcLks ysdj uoEcj dk igyk eaxyokj
& ;kfu esyc‚uZ di fnoLk & foDV¨fj;k esa ,d LkkoZtfud
vodk'k dk fnu cu x;k gS-
vk;u Fk‚iZ [Ian Thorpe]] ikap ckj v¨yfEid Lo.kZ&ind fotsrk
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ owesULk us'kuy QqVc‚y Vhe dh LknL;
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 43

44
Lkj M¨ukYM czSMeSu [Sir Donald Bradman] (1908-2001)
Lkj M¨ukYM czSMeSu ,d egkure fØdsV cSV~LkeSu jgs gSa v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds [ksy&txr ds
LkkoZdkfyd e'kgwj gLrh
c¨jSy [Bowral]] U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa iys&ck LkEca/k
T;qfMFk jkbV [Judith Wright]
(1915-2000)
T;qfMFk jkbV ,d
mYys[kuh; dof;=h]
i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh ,oa
vkfnokLkh vf/kdkjksa ds fy,
tw>us okyh O;fä FkÈ-
os vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks
pgsrs dfo;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa-
viuh dforkvksa esa mUgksaus
vkWLVªsfy;k v©j bLkds y¨xksa
ds Áfr vius Áse dk btgkj
fd;k gS- mUgsa dbZ iqjLdkj ÁkIr gq, ftuesa LkkfgR; ds fy,
fczVSfudk iqjLdkj rFkk dfork ds fy, DohULk x¨YM esMy
'kkfey gSa- os vkWLVªsfy;u datosZ'ku dfeVh ¼vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
Lkaj{k.k Lkfefr½ rFkk ,ckWfjftuy VªhVh dfeVh ¼vkfnokLkh
LkfU/k Lkfefr½ dh ,d LknL; Òh jgÈ-
T;qfMFk jkbV d¨ ,d dof;=h ds :i esa mudh fuiq.krk]
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkkfgR; ds fodkLk rFkk Lkkekftd ,oa i;kZoj.k
LkEca/kh Lkq/kkj dk;¨± ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-

fFk,Vj ,oa fQYe
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukVdksa] fQYeksa ,oa fQYe&fuekZrkvksa d¨
ns'k&fons'k esa tkuk&ekuk tkrk gS- dsV CySa'ksV [Cate
Blanchett] rFkk T;¨Ýh j'k [Geoffrey Rush] tSLks
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ vfÒusrkvksa ,oa ihVj oh;j [Peter Weir]
tSLks fQYe&fuekZrkvksa us fQYeksa esa mRÑ"Vrk ds fy, dbZ
varjkZ"Vªh; iqjLdkj thrs gSa-
Dyk
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dyk ds LkokZf/kd Lkqifjfpr dk;Z gS a tutkrh;
fp= ,oa V‚e j‚cV~LkZ [Tom Roberts]] ÝsMfjd eSD;qfcu
[Frederick McCubbin] ,oa vkFkZj LVªhV‚u [Arthur Streeton]
tSLks fp=dkjks a ds 19oÈ Lknh ds cq'k ¼>kM+&>a[kkM+½ ifjn`';-
20oÈ Lknh ds e/; esa j'ky fMªLMsy [Russell Drysdale] rFkk
fLkMuh u¨ySu [Sidney Nolan] tSLks dykdkjks a us izcy jaxks a
es a vkmVcSd thou dh dB¨jrk dk fp=.k fd;k- gky gh es a
viuh fof'k"V v©j LkqLi"V 'kSyh ds dkj.k czsV fg~oVyh [Brett
Whiteley] us varjkZ"Vªh; Lkjkguk ÁkIr dh gS-
Lkaxhr ,oa u`R;
vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa us Lkaxhr dh gj fo/kk d¨ vaxhÑr fd;k
gS v©j muesa mRÑ"Vrk gkfLky dh gS rFkk 'kkL=h;] y¨d
,oa j‚d Lkaxhr ds {ks=ksa esa mudh ,d varjkZ"Vªh; igpku gS-
vkfnokLkh y¨xksa ds Ákphu ok|;a= fMtjhMw us vÒh gky gh
esa viuh O;kid igpku LFkkfir dh gS-
Lkj j‚cVZ gsYieSu [Sir Robert Helpmann]] esfjy VS adkMZ
[Meryl Tankard] rFkk LVhQu ist [Stephen Page] tSLks
egku urZdks a v©j d¨fj;¨xzkQjks a ds Á;kLk Lks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ u`R;
Qyk&Qwyk gS-
oSKkfud miyfC/k;ka v©j vkfo"dkj
fpfdRlk] rduhdh] Ñf"k] [kuu ,oa fuekZ.k ds {ks=ksa esa
vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa ds ikLk oSKkfud miyfC/k;ksa ,oa fodkLk
dk ,d etcwr ys[kk&tks[kk gS-
foKku ,oa fpfdRLkk ds {ks= es a fd, x, vuqLka/kkuks a ds dkj.k
u© vkWLVªsfy;kbZ oSKkfudksa d¨ u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr g¨ pqdk gS-
oSKkfud miyfC/k;ka gkfLky djus okyksa d¨ ^vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ+
fn b;j ,okM~LkZ* Òh feys gSa- 2005 esa ;g ,okMZ Á¨QsLkj
Qk;¨uk oqM [Professor Fiona Wood] d¨ fn;k x;k ftUgksaus
vkx Lks >qyLk tkus okys y¨xksa ds fy, ^LÁsvkWu* Ropk dk
fodkLk fd;k- 2006 esa ;g iqjLdkj Á¨QsLkj vk;u Ýstj
[Professor Ian Frazer] d¨ fn;k x;k ftUgksaus xÒkZ'k; ds
dSULkj ds fy, oSDLkhu ¼Vhdk½ rS;kj dh- 2007 esa ;g ,okMZ
ikus okys O;fä Fks & ,d vxz.kh i;kZoj.k foKkuh Á¨QsLkj
fVe ySujh [Professor Tim Flannery]-
Á¨QsLkj oqM [Professor Wood] ,oa Á¨QsLkj Ýstj
[Professor Frazer] n¨uksa gh fczVsu Lks vkWLVªsfy;k vk, Fks-
Á¨QsLkj Ýstj [Professor Frazer] ds Lkg&vkfo"dkjd Fks
LoxÊ; M‚- ft;ku >km [Dr Jian Zhou] t¨ phu Lks vkdj
vkWLVªsfy;k ds ukxfjd cu x, Fks-
daMDVj ,oa gky gh esa ukxfjdrk ÁnÙk Oyknhehj ojfoRLdh [Vladimir
Verbitsky] osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;u fLkEQuh vkWdsZLVªk ds LkkFk
Á¨QsLkj ÝsM g‚y¨t [Professor Fred
Hollows] (1929- 1993)
Á¨QsLkj ÝsM g‚y¨t ,d
Òkoqd us=j¨x fo'ks"kK Fks
ftUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa
fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa nLk
yk[k Lks Òh vf/kd y¨xksa dh
–f"V okiLk ykus esa Lkgk;rk
dh-
ÝsM g‚y¨t dk tUe
U;wt+hySaM esa gqvk Fkk- 1965
esa os vkWLVªsfy;k vk, Fks v©j
ckn esa fLkMuh ds ,d vLirky esa us= foÒkx ds foÒkxk/;{k
cu x,-
mUgsa y¨xksa dh Lkekurk esa –

46
vkWLVªsfy;Ul vkWQ fn b;j
1960 Lks vcrd] fn vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j ,okM~LkZ Áeq[k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dh miyfC/k;ksa v©j muds ;¨xnku d¨
js[kkafdr djrs vk, gSa- bLk ,okMZ ds fy, d¨bZ Òh thou ds fdLkh Òh {ks= esa dk;Zjr O;fä d¨ ukekafdr dj Lkdrk gS-
vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j os y¨x g¨rs gSa ftUgksaus vius dk;Z esa mRÑ"Vrk gkfLky dh gS v©j ns'k dh Lksok dh gS-
2009 Professor Michael Dodson AM
tutkrh; usrk
2008 Lee Kernaghan OAM
xk;d] Lkaxhrdkj rFkk ^ikLk fn gSV ,jkmaM*
VwLkZ ds LkaLFkkid
2007 Professor Tim Flannery
oSKkfud] ys[kd ,oa i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh
2006 Professor Ian Frazer
fpfdRlh; jksx izfrjks/kd 'kfDr foKkuh
2005 Professor Fiona Wood AM
IykfLVd LktZu ,oa cULkZ fo'ks"kK
2004 Steve Waugh
VsLV fØdsV dSIVu ,oa ekuorkoknh
2003 Professor Fiona Stanley AC
f'k'kq j¨x ,oa LkaØked j¨x fo'ks"kK
2002 Patrick Rafter
;w ,Lk v¨iu VsfuLk pSfEi;u rFkk ^psfj'k fn fpYMªsu
QkmaMs'ku* ds LkaLFkkid
2001 Lt General Peter Cosgrove AC MC
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lksuk Áeq[k 2000&2002
2000 Sir Gustav Nossal AC CBE FAA FRS
vuqla/kku tho&foKkuh
1999 Mark Taylor
VsLV fØdsV dSIVu
1998 Cathy Freeman
oYMZ ,oa v¨fyfEid ,sFkyhfVDLk pSfEi;u
rFkk ns'kt jktnwr
1997 Professor Peter Doherty
fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
1996 Doctor John Yu AM
f'k'kq j¨x fo'ks"kK
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
1995 Arthur Boyd AC OBE
dykdkj
1994 Ian Kiernan OAM
Dyhu vi vkWLVªsfy;k vfÒ;kudrkZ
1992 Mandawuy Yunupingu
tutkrh; usrk
1991 Archbishop Peter Hollingworth AO OBE
Lkkekftd U;k; ds i{k/kj
1990 Professor Fred Hollows AC
us= j¨x fo'ks"kK
1989 Allan Border AO
VsLV fØdsV dSIVu
1988 Kay Cottee AO
fjd‚MZ&czsdj Lk¨y¨ ;kV~LkoweSu
1987 John Farnham
xk;d&Lkaxhrdkj
1986 Dick Smith
LkkgfLkd O;fä ,oa ekuorkoknh
1985 Paul Hogan AM
vfÒusrk
1984 Lowitja O’Donoghue CBE AM
tutkrh; usrk
1983 Robert de Castella MBE
fo'o eSjkFku n©M+ pSfEi;u
1982 Sir Edward Williams KCMG KBE
dfe'uj] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ j‚;y
deh'ku vkWQ bUDok;jh bUVq MªXLk
1981 Sir John Crawford AC CBE
fo'o;q) ds ckn vkWLVªsfy;k ds fodkLk ds f'kYih
1980 Manning Clark AC
bfrgkLkdkj

mudh miyfC/k;ksa d¨ ns[kdj ge ;g Lk¨pus d¨ Ásfjr g¨rs gSa fd vius egku ns'k ds Áfr v©j vf/kd ;¨xnku nsus ds fy, ge
D;k dqN dj Lkdrs gSa- vc t¨ ,okM~LkZ fn, tk jgs gSa] muesa ;ax vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j] Lkhfu;j vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j
rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨dy ghj¨ tSLks iqjLdkj Òh 'kkfey gSa-
1979* Senator Neville Bonner AO
ÁFke vkfnokLkh LkhusVj
1979* Harry Butler CBE
i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.koknh ,oa ÁÑfroknh
1978* Alan Bond
m|eh
1978* Galarrwuy Yunupingu AM
tutkrh; usrk
1977* Sir Murray Tyrrell KCVO CBE
xouZj&tujy ds vkWfQLk LksØsVjh
1977* Dame Raigh Roe DBE
daVªh oqesULk ,Lk¨fLk,'ku usrk
1976 Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AC CMG OBE
LkSU; LktZu
1975* Sir John Cornforth AC CBE
jLkk;u 'kkL= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
1975* Major General Alan Stretton AO CBE
Lkk;Dy¨u VªsLkh ds ckn pyk, x, MkfoZu fjyhQ
vkWijs'ku ds dekaMj
1974 Sir Bernard Heinze AC
daMDVj ,oa Lkaxhrdkj
1973 Patrick White
LkkfgR; esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
1972 Shane Gould MBE
v¨yfEid rSjkdh pSfEi;u
1971 Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO MBE
foEcyMu ,oa Ýsap v¨iu VsfuLk pSfEi;u
1970 His Eminence Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy KBE
vkWLVªsfy;k esa tUesa ÁFke dkfMZuy
1969 The Rt Hon Richard Gardiner Casey Baron
of Berwick, Victoria and of the City of
Westminister KG GCMG CH
vkWLVªsfy;k ds xouZj&tujy 1965&69
1968 Lionel Rose MBE
fo'o c‚ÇDLkx pSfEi;u
1967 The Seekers
laxhr ny
1966 Sir Jack Brabham OBE
fo'o e¨Vj jsÇLkx pSfEi;u
1965 Sir Robert Helpmann CBE
vfÒusrk] urZd] fQYe&fuekZrk ,oa d¨fj;¨xzkQj
1964 Dawn Fraser MBE
v¨yfEid rSjkdh pSfEi;u
1963 Sir John Eccles AC
fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
1962 Alexander ‘Jock’ Sturrock MBE
vesfjdk*t+ di pSysatLkZ ds fLdij
1961 Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE
xkf;dk
1960 Sir MacFarlane Burnet OM AK KBE
fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
*1975 ,oa 1979 ds chp dSucjk vkWLVªsfy;k Ms dkSafLky us
Òh ,d vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j d¨ ekU;rk nh-
,okMZ&fotsrkvksa ds uke ds vkxs fn, x, mikf/k&fooj.k
,okMZ ÁkIr djrs Lke; ds gSa-
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 47

48
vkWLVªsfy;k dh eqæk
gekjh eqæk ij ,sLks y¨x ,oa Árhd&fpg~u fpf=r fd, x, gSa t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ jgs gSa- gekjh eqæk ij n'kkZ, tkus
ds fy, ftu gfLr;ksa d¨ pquk x;k gS] os ,sLks y¨x gSa ftUgksaus Lkekt&Lkq/kkj] foKku] jktuhfr] LkSU; miyfC/k;ksa ,oa dyk vkfn
ds {ks=ksa esa ubZ Lkw>&cw> v©j ÁfrÒk dk ifjp; fn;k gS-
iqjkuk ,oa u;k LkaLkn Òou
$5 ds u¨V ij dSucjk ds iqjkus v©j u, n¨uksa gh LkaLkn
Òou n'kkZ, x, gSa-
Dame Mary Gilmore (1865-1962)
Mse esjh fxye¨j (Dame Mary Gilmore) ,d ysf[kdk]
i=dkj] dof;=h rFkk Lkekt&Lkq/kkjd FkÈ- mUgsa muds ys[ku
rFkk efgykvksa] vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh; y¨xksa ,oa xjhcksa ds
i{k/kj ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-
Reverend John Flynn (1880-1951)
vknj.kh; t‚u fyu (Reverend John Flynn) us nqfu;k dh
igyh gokbZ fpfdRLkk&Lksok vkjaÒ dh & vkWLVªsfy;k dh ^fn
j‚;y ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk*& vkWLVªsfy;k ds nwjLFk {ks=ksa esa
fpfdRLkk&Lksok miyC/k djk ds vusd y¨xksa dh thou&j{kk
djus ds dkj.k os Lej.kh; g¨ x, gSa-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
Queen Elizabeth II ¼tUe% 1926½
egkjkuh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; (Queen Elizabeth II) vkWLVªsfy;k
dh jk"Vªk/;{k gSa- os vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk ;qukbVsM ÇdXMe dh
egkjkuh gSa rFkk baXySaM esa jgrh gSa- vius nh?kZ ,oa y¨dfÁ;
'kkLku&dky ds n©jku mudh mifLFkfr Lks gesa 'kfä v©j
fLFkjrk ÁkIr gqbZ gS-
AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson ¼1864-1941½
,saMªw ckVZu iSVjLku (Andrew Barton Paterson) ,d dfo]
xhrdkj v©j i=dkj Fks- mUgksaus ^cSat¨* iSVjLku miuke Lks
fy[kk rFkk mUgsa vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks y¨dfÁ; y¨dxhr
^okÇYV~t+x eSfVYMk* ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-
Mary Reibey (1777-1855)
esjh jsch (Mary Reibey) U;w LkkmFk osYLk d‚y¨uh esa O;oLkk;
LFkkfir djus okyh igyh efgyk FkÈ- ,d uo;qorh vkj¨ih
ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k vkus ds ckn og Lkeqnk; dh ,d
Áfrf"Br usrk cu xbZ-

Edith Cowan (1861-1932)
,fMFk d‚osu (Edith Cowan) ,d Lkkekftd dk;ZdrkZ]
jktusrk v©j efgykoknh FkÈ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds fdLkh Òh LkaLkn
esa pquh tkus okyh o¨ igyh efgyk FkÈ-
Sir John Monash (1865-1931)
Lkj t‚u e¨uS'k (Sir John Monash) ,d bathfu;j] Á'kkLkd
,oa vkWLVªsfy;k ds egkure LkSU; dekaMjksa esa Lks ,d Fks- mUgsa
mudh usr`Ro&{kerk] cqf)eŸkk v©j okd&dq'kyrk ds fy,
Lej.k fd;k tkrk gS-
David Unaipon (1872-1967)
MsfoM ;quSi‚u (David Unaipon) ,d ys[kd] y¨doäk v©j
vkfo"dkjd Fks- mUgsa foKku v©j LkkfgR; ds {ks= esa muds
;¨xnkuksa ,oa vkfnokLkh y¨xksa dh fLFkfr Lkq/kkjus ds fy, fd,
x, Á;kLkksa ds fy, ;kn fd;k tkrk gS-
Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931)
Mse usyh esYck (Dame Nellie Melba) ,d fo'o&ÁfLk)
LkÁku¨ ¼,d Ádkj dh xkf;dk½ FkÈ- nqfu;k Òj esa ^xhrksa dh
efydk* ds uke Lks fo[;kr o¨ varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr ÁkIr djus
okys igyh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkf;dk FkÈ-
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 49

50
jk"Vªh; fnoLk ,oa Lkekj¨g
vkWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; vodk'k&fnoLk gekjh twMkbZ&fØf'p;u fojkLkr dh >yd fn[kkrs gSa- os ehy ds iRFkj Lkkfcr gqbZ mu
?kVukvksa ds mRLko&:i gSa ftUgksaus ;wj¨ih; vkcknh ds cLkus ds ckn Lks vkWLVªsfy;k dh :i&js[kk r; dh gS-
fu/kkZfjr frfFk;ka
uoo"kZ & 1 tuojh
u, o"kZ ds vkjaÒ dk mRLko
vkWLVªsfy;k fnoLk & 26 tuojh
ge vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd ds :i esa viuh igpku dk mRLko
eukrs gSa v©j 1788 esa fLkMuh dkso esa QLVZ yhV ds
vkxeu dh ;kn djrs gSa-
,sut+d fnoLk & 25 vÁSy
ÁFke fo'o;q) ds n©jku ge xSfyi¨yh esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ,oa
U;wt+hySaM ds LkSU; nyksa ds vkxeu dh ?kVuk ;kn djrs gSa-
ge mu reke vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ ;kn djrs gSa t¨ Lksok
djrs gq, ;q) esa 'kghn gks x,-
fØLkeLk fnoLk & 25 fnLkEcj
bZLkk eLkhg ds tUe&fnoLk ij migkjksa ds vknku&Ánku dk
bZLkkbZ Lkekj¨g
c‚ÇDLkx Ms & 26 fnLkEcj
fØLkeLk&mRLko dk gh ,d vax
uoo"kZ ds voLkj ij fLkMuh gkcZj ij vkfr'kckth 2005
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
ifjorZuh; frfFk;ka
etnwj fnoLk ;k ,V vkoj Ms
nqfu;k esa igyh ckj vkWLVªsfy;k ds Jfedksa }kjk dke ds vkB
?kaVs r; djkus esa LkQyrk ikus dk mRLko
bZLVj
bZLkk eLkhg dh e`R;q v©j iquftZfor gksus dh ?kVuk dh ;kn
esa bZLkkbZ mRLko
egkjkuh dk tUefnu
vkWLVªsfy;k dh jk"Vªk/;{k egkjkuh ,fytkcsFk f}rh; dk
tUe¨RLko- osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ N¨M+dj ckdh LkÒh jkT;ks a
v©j Áns'kks a es a ;g mRLko twu ekg ds nwLkjs Lk¨eokj d¨ euk;k
tkrk gS-
vU; LkkoZtfud vodk'k
vU; LkkoZtfud vodk'k vyx&vyx jkT;ksa] Áns'kksa v©j
'kgjksa esa euk, tkrs gSa- mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
jkt/kkuh {ks= esa dSucjk fnoLk euk;k tkrk gS] LkkmFk
vkWLVªsfy;k esa o‚yafV;LkZ Ms rFkk osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k esa
QkmaMs'ku Ms-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x
vkWLVªsfy;k dh dqy tuLka[;k yxÒx 22 fefy;u ¼n¨ dj¨M+
chLk yk[k½ gS v©j ;g nqfu;k ds vR;ar fofo/krkiw.kZ Lkektksa
esa Lks ,d gS- dqy tuLka[;k esa tutkrh; y¨xksa dk Áfr'kr
2.5 gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d p©FkkbZ Lks Òh vf/kd fuokfLk;ksa dk
tUe fons'kksa esa gqvk Fkk v©j os 200 Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa Lks
;gka vk, gSa- tuLka[;k dh bLk fofo/krk ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k
esa fofo/k Ádkj dh Òk"kk,a] fo'okLk] ijEijk,a v©j LkaLÑfr;ka
e©twn gSa-
gkykafd xzsV fczVsu ds LkkFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©ipkfjd LkfU/k;ka
dkyØe esa ?kVrh pyh xbZ gSa exj vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLFkkvksa
esa xzsV fczVsu dk ÁÒko vÒh Òh ckdh gS- ;g ÁÒko gekjs
vusd ewY;ksa v©j gekjh jk"VªÒk"kk esa thfor gS- gkykafd ?kjksa
v©j Lkeqnk;ksa esa 200 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kk,a ¼vusd tutkrh;
Òk"kkvksa Lkfgr½ c¨yh tkrh gSa] fdUrq vaxzsth gekjh jk"Vªh;
igpku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k dk vFkZra=
vkWLVªsfy;k dk vFkZra= LFkk;h v©j ÁfrLi/khZ gS- ge vius
thoUr rFkk fuiq.k dkexkjksa dk ewY; Lke>rs gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k
ds y¨xksa dh thou&'kSyh dh xq.koÙkk nqfu;k dh mRÑ"V
thou&'kSfy;ksa esa Lks gS-
Dick Smith ¼tUe % 1944½
fMd fLeFk (Dick Smith) ,d Áeq[k vkWLVªsfy;kbZ O;oLkk;h]
LkkgfLkd O;fä ,oa ekuork
Áseh gSa-
fMd fLeFk us LkcLks igys
bysDVkWªfuDLk ds O;oLkk;
esa viuh fdLer vktekbZ-
mUgksaus viuh LkEifŸk dk
mi;¨x vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ mkr
cukus ds fy, fd;k- mUgksaus
,d ^dsoy vkWLVªsfy;kbZ*
[kk| dEiuh vkjaÒ dh v©j
bu dEifu;ksa ds LokfeRo
dks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ O;fDr;ksa ds
fy, vkjf{kr j[ks jgus ds fy, yk[kksa M‚yj dk fuos'k fd;k-
1986 esa mUgsa ^vkWLVªsfy;u vkWQ fn b;j* dh mikf/k Lks
iqjLd`r fd;k x;k v©j mUgksaus rduhdh Á¨kfr rFkk
i;kZoj.k Lkaj{k.k ds fy, Òh ,d iqjLdkj thrk- xeZ gok ds
cSywu ds Lkgkjs vkWLVªsfy;k v©j rLeku Lkeqæ ikj djus okys
os igys O;fä Fks- os viuh LkkgLk] O;koLkkf;d LkQyrk v©j
vkWLVªsfy;k ds Áfr xgu Áse ds dkj.k fo[;kr gSa-
Ckkt+kj
vkWLVªsfy;k dh LFkk;h ,oa vk/kqfud foŸkh; LkaLFkk,a rFkk dj
,oa O;kikj LkEca/kh dB¨j fu;eksa ds dkj.k O;oLkk; d¨ ,d
lqfuf'prrk ÁkIr g¨rh gS- Lksok m|¨x] ftLkds varxZr i;ZVu]
f'k{kk ,oa foŸkh; Lksok,a vkrh gSa] vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkdy ?kjsyw
mRikn (GDP) dk yxÒx 70 Áfr'kr gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k dh vkfFkZd fLFkjrk bLks fuos'k ds fy, ,d vkd"kZd
txg cuk nsrh gS- vkWLVªsfy;k dk LV‚d ekds ZV ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr
{ks= esa tkiku ds ckn nwLkjk LkcLks cM+k ekdsZV gS-
O;kikj
vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks cM+s O;kikfjd Lkk>snkjksa esa tkiku] phu]
vesfjdk] nf{k.kh d¨fj;k] U;wt+hySaM ,oa ;qukbVsM ÇdxMe
gSa- ge xsgw¡a] Åu] y©g v;Ld] [kfut ,oa Lk¨us ds ,d cM+s
fu;kZrd gSa- LkkFk gh] rjy ÁkÑfrd xSLk ,oa d¨;ys ds
:i esa ge ÅtkZ dk fu;kZr Òh djrs gSa- gekjh ,d eqä
vFkZ&O;oLFkk gS rFkk O;kikj gekjh vkfFkZd Lke`f) dk ,d
vfr egRoiw.kZ vax jgk gS- gky gh esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk dqy
fu;kZr $200 fcfy;u Lks Òh vf/kd jgk-
[kuu
vkWLVªsfy;k d¨;yk] rkack] rjy ÁkÑfrd xSLk rFkk feujy
LkSaM~Lk tSLks ÁkÑfrd LkaLkk/kuksa Lks Lke`) gS- [kkLk&r©j ij
,f'k;k ds fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa budh Òkjh ekax gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks cM+s fu;kZr LksDVjksa esa gSa [kfut ,oa b±/ku-
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 51

52
vkWLVªsfy;k ,d fo'o ukxfjd ds :i esa
,d vPNs varjkZ"Vªh; ukxfjd ds :i esa vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ viuh
Òwfedk ij xoZ gS- bLkdh >yd ge nqfu;k&Òj ds ,sLks ns'kksa
dh enn djds fn[kkrs gSa t¨ geLks de [kq'kfdLer gSa-
vkWLVªsfy;k }kjk nh tkus okyh varjkZ"Vªh;
Lkgk;rk,a ,oa ekuorkoknh Á;kLk
vkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj dk varjkZ"Vªh; Lkgk;rk dk;ZØe xjhch de
djus ,oa fpjLFkk;h fodkLk ÁkIr djus es a fodkLk'khy ns'kks a dh
enn djrk gS- ;g Lkgk;rk ge vius {ks= rFkk nqfu;k&Òj es a
y¨xks a v©j Lkjdkjks a dh enn djds miyC/k djkrs gS a-
tc dÒh gekjs vius ns'k ;k ckgj ds eqYdks a es a LkadV dh
?kM+h vkrh gS] rks vkWLVªsfy;k vikj mnkjrk iznf'kZr djrk gSge
,sLks ns'kks a d¨ Òh fujUrj vkfFkZd vuqnku nsrs jgrs gS a t¨
yxkrkj eqLkhcr Lks f?kjs jgrs gS a- gekjs Lkgk;rk dk;ZØe ds
Áfr vkWLVªsfy;k dh ;g Áfrc)rk vkWLVªsfy;k ds pfj= dh ;g
fo'ks"krk >ydkrh gS-
2004 esa fgUn egkLkkxj Lkqukeh ds ckn baM¨usf'k;k esa vkWLVªsfy;k dk jkgr dk;Z
varjkZ"Vªh; Q¨jeksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkfØ;
Òkxhnkjh
1945 esa Lka;qä jk"Vª Lka?k (UN) ds vkjaÒ Lks gh vkWLVªsfy;k
bLkdk ,d LkfØ; LknL; jgk gS- 1951 ds Lka;qä jk"Vª
'kj.kkFkÊ vf/kos'ku (UN Refugee Convention) ds rgr
vkWLVªsfy;k mu y¨xksa d¨ Lkaj{k.k Ánku djrk vk;k gS
ftudh igpku 1951 ds Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kj.kkFkÊ vf/kos'ku
esa 'kj.kkFkÊ ds :i esa dh xbZ Fkh- ge fodkLk'khy ns'kksa
ds fy, Lka;qä jk"Vª ds 'kkafr Á;kLkksa ,oa ekuorkoknh rFkk
vkikRkdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa esa Òh ;¨xnku nsrs gSa- Lka;qä jk"Vª
'kS{kf.kd] oSKkfud rFkk LkkaLÑfrd LkaxBu (UNESCO) esa Òh
gekjh LkfØ; Òkxhnkjh gS-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
1971 esa vkWLVªsfy;k vkfFkZd Lkg;¨x ,oa fodkLk LkaxBu
(Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development - OECD) dk ,d iw.kZ LknL; cu x;k-
OECD vius 30 LknL; ns'kksa rFkk vU; fodkLk'khy ns'kksa esa
vkfFkZd] Lkkekftd ,oa j¨txkj LkEca/kh n'kkvksa d¨ Lkq/kkjus dk
y{; j[krk gS- LkkFk gh] OECD dk y{; fo'o O;kikj dk
foLrkj djuk Òh gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr {ks= es a ?kfu"B Lkg;¨x dk Ácy
LkeFkZd gS- vkWLVªsfy;k ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr vkfFkZd Lkg;¨x (Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation - APEC)] vkfl;ku {ks=h;
eap (ASEAN Regional Forum – ARF) rFkk Á'kkUr }hiLkewg
eap (Pacific Islands Forum – PIF) dk LkfØ; LknL; gS-
Dr Catherine Hamlin AC
¼tUe % 1924½
M‚- dSFkjhu gSeyhu (Dr
Catherine Hamlin) ,d
L=h&j¨x fo'ks"kK gSa ftUgsa
bFk¨fi;k dh v©jrksa d¨
;kruk Òjs thou Lks eqä
djus ds dkj.k 'k¨gjr feyh
gS-
1959 Lks dSFkjhu gSeyhu
bFk¨fi;k ds ,ÏhLk vckck esa
dk;Zjr jgh gSa tgka mUgksaus
^vkWCLVsfVªd fQLP;qyk* uked
ÁLkodkyhu {kfr Lks futkr ikus esa efgykvksa dh Lkgk;rk
dh gS- bLk LkeL;k Lks xzLr v©jrsa vius 'kkjhfjd Ádk;¨± ij
fu;a=.k ugÈ j[k LkdrÈ gSa v©j bLk dkj.k mUgsa Lkekt Lks
cfg"Ñr dj fn;k tkrk gS-
dSFkjhu v©j mLkds ifr us ,ÏhLk vckck fQLP;qyk g‚LihVy
LFkkfir fd;k- muds Á;kLkksa dk ifj.kke ;g jgk fd gtkjksa
v©jrsa vius&vius ?kj&xkao y©Vdj iw.kZ LoLFk thou thus
esa Lk{ke gqbZ gSa-
1995 esa M‚- dSFkjhu gSeyhu d¨ ^dEisfu;u vkWQ fn vkWMZj
vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k* cuk;k x;k t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lko¨ZPp
iqjLdkj gS- os vkt Òh bFk¨fi;k dh efgykvksa ds fy, dke
dj jgh gSa-
vkt dk vkWLVªsfy;k ,d fo'kky v©j fodkLkeku ns'k gS
ftLks [ksydwn] dyk v©j foKku ds {ks= esa viuh miyfC/k;ksa
ij xoZ gS- ge vius y¨xksa dh thou&'kSyh dh xq.koŸkk d¨
ewY;oku ekurs gSa] ysfdu gekjk y{; vÒh v©j Åapk gS-
varjkZ"Vªh; Lkgk;rk ,oa fodkLk Lkg;¨x ds dk;ZØeksa ds tfj;s
vkWLVªsfy;k viuh fu"i{krk dh Òkouk [ksydwn ds eSnkuksa Lks
Òh vkxs varjkZ"Vªh; Lkeqnk; rd ys x;k gS-

vkWLVªsfy;k ds u¨csy iqjLdkj fotsrk
vkWLVªsfy;k oSKkfud ,oa fpfdRlh; vuqla/kku ds fy, ÁfLk) jgk gS- bu {ks=ksa esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds nl y¨xksa d¨ u¨csy iqjLdkj
ÁkIr g¨ pqdk gS-
Á¨QsLkj fofy;e czSx [Professor William Bragg] ¼1862-1942½ ,oa y‚jsULk czSx [Lawrence Bragg]
¼1890-1971½ Ò©frd foKkuh-
fofy;e czSx ¼firk½ ,oa y‚jsULk czSx ¼iq=½ d¨ ^^,DLk&fdj.kksa ds ek/;e Lks LQfVd Lkajpuk ds fo'ys"k.k dh fn'kk esa mudh
Lksokvksa ds fy,** Lka;qä :i Lks 1915 esa Ò©frd 'kkL= dk u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-
Lkj g‚okMZ okYVj y¨jh [Sir Howard Walter Florey] ¼1898-1968½ iSFk¨y‚ftLV-
,sfMysM] LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k] esa tUes g‚okMZ y¨jh us ^^isfULkfyu ,oa vusd LkaØked j¨xksa esa bLkds vkj¨X;dkjh ÁÒko dh [k¨t ds
fy,** 1945 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr fd;k-
Lkj ÝSad eSdQkysZu cusZV [Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet] ¼1899-1985½ fpfdRLkk oSKkfud ,oa tho'kkL=h-
foDV¨fj;k esa tUesa ÝSad cusZV d¨ ^^vftZr j¨x&Áfrj¨/kd Lkgu'khyrk dh [k¨t ds fy,** 1960 esa 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds
{ks= esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-
Lkj t‚u dS;wZ ,DdYLk [Sir John Carew Eccles] ¼1903-1997½ 'kkjhfjdh foKkuh-
t‚u ,DdYLk dk tUe esYc‚uZ esa gqvk Fkk rFkk mUgsa 1963 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ ^^Luk;q&d¨f'kdk f>Yyh ds ifjo`Ÿkh; ,oa e/;
Òkxksa ds mŸ¨tu ,oa Lkadqpu esa fufgr vk;fud dk;Z&iz.kkyh Lks LkEcaf/kr [k¨tksa ds fy,** 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk esa u¨csy
iqjLdkj Ánku fd;k x;k-
Á¨QsLkj t‚u okdZi d‚uZQ¨FkZ [Professor John Warcup Cornforth] ¼1917-2007½ dsfeLV-
t‚u d‚uZQ¨FkZ fLkMuh esa iSnk gq, Fks v©j mUgsa 1975 esa jLkk;u 'kkL= esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ ^^,Utkbe&mRÁsfjr ÁfrfØ;kvksa dh
LVhfj;¨dsfeLVªh fo"k; ij muds dk;Z ds fy,** u¨csy iqjLdkj ÁkIr gqvk-
Á¨QsLkj ihVj M¨gVÊ [Professor Peter Doherty] ¼tUe % 1940½ j¨xÁfrj¨/k foKkuh
ihVj M¨gVÊ dk tUe DoÈLkySaM esa gqvk Fkk v©j mUgsa ^^d¨f'kdk&ek/;fer bE;wu Áfrj{kk dh fof'k"Vrk Lks LkEcaf/kr [k¨tksa ds
fy,** 1996 esa ¼Lka;qä :i Lks½ 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-
Á¨QsLkj cSjh ek'kZy [Professor Barry Marshall] ¼tUe% 1951½ vka=&j¨x foKkuh ,oa
M‚DVj j‚fcu okjsu [Doctor Robin Warren] ¼tUe% 1937½ iSFk¨y‚ftLV-
^^cSDVhfj;e gsfyd¨cSDVj ikby¨jh rFkk xSLVªkbfVLk ,oa isfIVd vYLkj j¨xksa esa bLkdh Òwfedk** dh [k¨t ds fy, 2005 esa cSjh
ek'kZy ,oa j‚fcu okjsu 'kkjhfjdh ;k fpfdRlk ds fy, u¨csy iqjLdkj ds Lka;qä fotsrk cus-
çksQslj ,fyt+kcsFk gsyu CySdcuZ [Professor Elizabeth Helen Blackburn] ¼tUe 1948½ thofoKkuh-
,fyt+kcsFk CySdcuZ dk tUe gkscVZ esa gqvk Fkk vkSj mUgsa 'kjhj foKku ;k fpfdRlk esa ¼la;qä :i ls½ *xq.klw= VsykselZ vkSj
,atkbe Vsyksfejst }kjk dSls lajf{kr gksrs gSa* dh [kkst ds fy, 2009 esa ukscsy iqjLdkj feyk Fkk-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds [kkrs esa LkkfgR; ds fy, Òh ,d u¨csy iqjLdkj ntZ gS-
iSfVªd g~okbV [Patrick White] ¼1912-1990½ miU;kLkdkj ,oa ukVddkj-
yUnu esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ekrk&firk ds ?kj tUesa iSfVªd g~okbV d¨ 1973 esa ^^LkkfgR; esa ,d u, egk}hi ij Ádk'k Mkyus okyh
,d egkdFkk ,oa eu¨oSKkfud okpukRed dyk ds fy, LkkfgR; dk u¨csy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k-
Òkx 4 & orZeku esa vkWLVªsfy;k 53

54
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
Òkx 5
gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkk
vkWLVªsfy;k dh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k esa
vuojr tkjh Ákphure LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa-

gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ xkFkk
vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkaf{kIr bfrgkLk d¨ fdLkh Òh rjg Lks bLkdh
LkEiw.kZ xkFkk ugÈ dgk tk Lkdrk gS] ijUrq bLkLks vkid¨ mu
?kVukØeksa dk FkksM+k lk Lokn fey tk,xk ftuLks gekjs ns'k
v©j gekjh LkaLÑfr dh :i&js[kk r; gqbZ gS- gtkjksa o"k¨± rd
bLk ÒwÒkx ij tutkrh; y¨x jgrs v©j bLkdh ns[kÒky
djrs vk, gSa- 1788 esa QLVZ yhV ¼igyk csM+k½ ds vkrs gh
mudk ifj–'; gh cny x;k- foxr 200 Lks Òh
vf/kd o"k¨± esa cgqLkaLÑfrokn ,oa esy&feyki ds iFk ij
pyrs gq, vkWLVªsfy;k Lkekurk ,oa ekuokf/kdkj ds ckjs esa dbZ
ckrsa Lkh[k pqdk gS- geus t¨ Lkq/kkj&dk;Z fd, gSa] mudk vFkZ
;g gS fd vc vki ftLk vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkeqnk; esa 'kkfey g¨us
tk jgs gSa og ,d ,sLkk Lkeqnk; gS ftLkesa gj O;fä Lo;a d¨
lfEefyr v©j ewY;oku Lke>rk gS-
tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;koklh
vkWLVªsfy;k dh tutkrh; LkaLÑfr;ka nqfu;k esa vuojr
tkjh Ákphure LkaLÑfr;ksa esa Lks ,d gSa- vkWLVªsfy;k ds ;s
tutkrh; y¨x 40 000 Lks 60 000 o"k¨± rd ;gka jgrs vk,
gSa-
vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh LkaLÑfr;ka ,d&nwLkjs Lks
fÒk gSa- mu n¨uksa dh viuh&viuh Òk"kk,a v©j ijEijk,a gSa-
,sfrgkfLkd :i Lks vkfnokLkh y¨x eq[;Òwfe vkWLVªsfy;k v©j
rLekfu;k Lks gSa- V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh DoÈLkySaM ds ,d N¨j
v©j ikiqvk U;w fxuh ds chp ds ÒwÒkx Lks vk, gSa- V‚jLk LVªsV
}hiokfLk;ksa rFkk ikiqvk U;w fxuh ,oa vU; Á'kkUr egkLkkxjh;
}hiksa ds y¨xksa dh LkaLÑfr;ksa esa dbZ Lkekurk,a gSa-
Òk"kk,a
fczfV'k y¨xksa ds cLkus Lks igys vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV
}hiokLkh y¨xksa }kjk 700 Lks Òh vf/kd Òk"kkvksa ,oa c¨fy;ksa
dk Á;¨x fd;k tkrk Fkk- buesa Lks 145 Òk"kk,a r¨ vÒh
Òh c¨yh tkrh gSa- d¨bZ fyf[kr Òk"kk ugÈ Fkh- tutkrh;
LkaLÑfr;ksa dk e©f[kd bfrgkLk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd
muLks ge y¨xksa v©j bLk /kjrh dh dgkuh tku ikrs
gSa- mnkgj.k ds fy,] foDV¨fj;k esa i¨VZ fQfyi cs [Port
Phillip Bay] ¼[kkM+h½ esa ck

56
vkWLVªsfy;k vkus okys igys
;wj¨ih; y¨x
vkjafÒd ;wj¨ih; [k¨t
17oÈ Lknh esa ;wjksih vUos"kdksa us og HkwHkkx

u, voLkj
vkWLVªsfy;k dh ÁFke ;wj¨ih; vkcknh esa vaxzst] Ld‚fV'k] osY'k
,oa vk;fj'k y¨x 'kkfey Fks- gkykafd vrhr esa Ld‚fV'k]
osY'k ,oa vk;fj'k y¨x vDLkj vaxzstksa Lks ;q) esa fÒM+s jgrs
Fks] exj vkWLVªsfy;k esa ;s pkjksa lewg LkkFk fey&tqy dj
fuokl v©j dke djrs Fks-
vkj¨ih ,oa iwoZ&vkj¨ih bLk d‚y¨uh esa u, voLkj ryk'kus
yxs- LkSU; vf/kdkjh vius Lke; dk mi;¨x O;kikj djds
fd;k djrs Fks v©j vius dk;Z esa Lkgk;rk ds fy, mUgksaus bu
vkj¨fi;ksa v©j iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ksa d¨ u©djh nh- cgqr gh tYn
dqN iwoZ&vijk/kh Lk©nkxj cudj [kqn viuk O;kikj pykus
yxs- vU; iwoZ&vijk/kh fdLkku] O;kikjh] nqdkunkj ,oa vke
y¨xksa dh rjg vPNh rjg jgus yxs- iwoZ&vijk/kh v©jrksa
us Hkh O;oLkk; esa vPNh LkQyrk ikbZ v©j dbZ rjg Lks os
baXySaM Lks csgrj vktknh dk vkuan mBkus yxÈ Fkh-
Caroline Chisholm (1808-1877)
dSj¨fyu fØLkg‚e (Caroline
Chisholm) ,d vxz.kh
Lkekt Lkq/kkjd Fkh ftUgksaus
vkjafÒd d‚y¨fu;ksa esa
vdsyh v©jrksa dh n'kk esa
Lkq/kkj fd;k-
dSj¨fyu 1838 esa vius
LkSU; vf/kdkjh ifr v©j ikap
cPpksa ds LkkFk vkWLVªsfy;k
vkbZ- og fLkMuh dh LkM+dksa
ij jgus okyh vkÁokLkh
v©jrksa dh enn djus yxh- dqN gh o"k¨± esa mLk d‚y¨uh ds
bnZ&fxnZ mLkus vkÁokLkh v©jrksa ds fy, 16 g¨LVy LFkkfir
dj fn,-
tgkt ij mifuos'kksa dh ;k=k djus okys y¨xksa dh
thou&n'kk Lkq/kkjus ds fy, dSj¨fyu us cgqr ifjJe fd;k-
xjhch ,oa fuÒZjrk Lks futkr ikus ds fy, mLkus xjhc y¨xksa
ds fy, ,d _.k&;¨tuk dk vkjaÒ Òh fd;k-
orZeku Lke; esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds dbZ Ldwyksa ds LkkFk dSj¨fyu
fØLkg‚e dk uke tqM+k gS- mLks ^vkÁokfLk;ksa dh n¨Lr* ds
uke Lks tkuk x;k v©j y¨xksa d¨ ,d u, thou dh 'kq#vkr
djus esa enn nsus ds fy, mLks ;kn j[kk tkrk gS-
,d mRÑ"V xouZj
gekjs vkjafÒd bfrgkLk es a xouZj fQfyi ds LkkFk&LkkFk xouZj
ySDysu eSDok;jh [Governor Lachlan Macquarie] dk Òh
,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS- mUgksaus 1810 Lks 1821 ds chp U;w
LkkmFk osYLk ij 'kkLku fd;k- mUgks aus bLk d‚y¨uh dk fodkLk
vkj¨fi;ks a dh d‚y¨uh ds :i es a u djds ,d Lora= cLrh
ds :i es a fd;k- mUgks aus Ñf"k dh ÁFkkvks a d¨ Lkq/kkjk rFkk
ubZ LkM+dks a v©j tu&Lkqfo/kkvks a dk fuekZ.k fd;k- mUgks aus
vkWLVªsfy;k dh [k¨t ds dk;Z d¨ Á¨RLkkgu fn;k-
eSDok;jh us f'k{kk ds {ks= es a Òh /ku yxk;k rFkk iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ks a
ds vf/kdkjks a d¨ egRo fn;k- dqN iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ks a d¨ mUgks aus
ttksa ,oa y¨d Lksodksa ds :i esa dke Òh fn;k-
xouZj eSDok;jh d¨ bfrgkLk es a bLkfy, LkEeku ÁkIr gS D;ks afd
mUgks aus d‚y¨uh es a dbZ LkdkjkRed ifjorZu yk,- U;w LkkmFk
osYLk esa eSDok;jh fo'ofo|ky; dk uke mUgÈ Lks tqM+k gqvk gS-
vkj¨fi;ksa dh fojkLkr
eSDok;jh dk dk;Zdky LkekIr g¨us ds ckn ;g ekuk x;k
fd xouZj dk in bruk 'kfä'kkyh gS fd mLks ,d gh O;fä
esa fufgr ugÈ j[kk tk Lkdrk gS- bLkfy, 1823 es a vxys
xouZj dk uke r; djus ds fy, U;w LkkmFk osYLk ysftLysfVo
dkSafLky dk xBu fd;k x;k- ysftLysfVo dkSafLky us d‚y¨uh
d¨ Lkq/kkjus dk Á;kLk fd;k rkfd vkj¨fi;ks a d¨ Lkeqfpr Lktk
fey Lkds ,oa os cgqr vPNk thou u th,a- ijUrq bLkLks U;w
LkkmFk osYLk rFkk 19oÈ Lknh ds vkjaÒ es a vkWLVªsfy;k es a LFkkfir
vU; d‚y¨fu;ks a es a jgus okys vkj¨fi;ks a ds fy, Lkkjs voLkj
LkekIr ugÈ g¨ x,dqy
feykdj 160 000 Lks Òh vf/kd vkj¨fi;ks a d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k
Òstk x;k- xzsV fczVsu us 1840 esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk] 1852 es a
rLekfu;k rFkk 1868 es a osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k es a vkj¨fi;ks a d¨
Òstuk can dj fn;kbu
vkj¨fi;ks a ds cPps ges'kk vktkn jgs Fks- vr% iwoZ&vkj¨fi;ks a
,oa ckf'kUnksa ds chp dk QdZ /khjs&/khjs feVus yxk- 1850
ds ckn Lks d‚y¨uhokLkh Lo;a 'kkLku pykus yxs v©j os ,d
LkEekfur Lkekt dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgrs Fks- ;s d‚y¨uhokLkh
vius vijk/kh vrhr d¨ ysdj 'kfeZUnk Fks v©j bLkds ckjs es a
os fdLkh Lks d¨bZ ckr ugha djrs Fks- yxÒx ,d 'krkCnh ds
ckn 'keZ dh ;g Òkouk [kRe g¨ xbZ- vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x
vkj¨fi;ks a ds :i es a vius thou dh 'kq#vkr ij xoZ djus
yxs v©j vc cgqr Lkkjs y¨x bLk ckr Lks [kq'k gSa fd muds
iwoZt vkj¨ih FksvfHkLohÑfr
dh bLk psruk ds dkj.k vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x ,sLks
y¨x g¨ x, gSa ftUgs a fdLkh O;fä dh ikfjokfjd i`"BÒwfe ;k
foxr O;ogkj dh T;knk fQØ ugÈ g¨rh- ge y¨xks a d¨ mLkh
:i es a ysrs gSa tSLks os fn[krs gSa v©j gj fdLkh ds LkkFk
Lk}Óogkj Lks gh is'k vkrs gSa-
Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kà xkFkk 57

58
;wj¨ih; vkcknh ds ckn tutkrh; y¨x
vuqeku gS fd ;wj¨ih; vkcknh dk cLkuk vkjaÒ g¨rs Lke;
vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh y¨xksa dh
Lka[;k 750 000 Lks ysdj 1.4 fefy;u ds chp Fkh- mudh
bLk Lka[;k esa djhc 250 O;fäxr jk"Vª ,oa 700 Lks Òh vf/
kd Òk"kk&Lkewg 'kkfey Fks-
tc os igys&igy vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkdj cLks r¨ fczfV'k
Lkjdkj us bu vkfne y¨xksa Lks d¨bZ LkfU/k ugÈ dh- bu
tutkrh; y¨xksa dh viuh vyx vFkZ&O;oLFkk Fkh v©j
tehu Lks mudk cgqr iqjkuk tqM+ko Fkk- Lkjdkj bLk ckr
d¨ ekU;rk ugÈ ns Lkdh D;ksafd ;wj¨i esa bLk rjg dh d¨bZ
Á.kkyh ;k ekU;rk,a FkÈ gh ugÈ- ;s vkfne y¨x fczfV'k y¨xksa
dh rjg ,d txg jgdj QLky mxkus v©j ?kj cLkkus
ds vknh ugÈ Fks] bLkfy, Lkjdkj d¨ yxk fd muds fy,
LokfeRo dk d¨bZ eryc gh ugÈ gS- vr% Lkjdkj mudh
tehu gM+ius ds fy, [kqn d¨ vktkn Lke> cSBh-
[krjukd vLkj
vkjafÒd xouZjksa Lks dgk x;k Fkk fd os vkfne y¨xksa d¨ d¨bZ
uqdLkku u igqapk,a] exj fczfV'k vkcknh okys y¨x vkfne
y¨xksa ds {ks=ksa esa ?kqLk cSBs v©j cgqr Lks vkfne y¨xksa dh gR;k
dj nh xbZ- bLk rjg ds vijk/kksa ds fy, y¨xksa d¨ LkkekU;r%
d¨bZ Lktk ugÈ nh tkrh Fkh-
dqN vkfne y¨x ,oa ;wj¨ih; mifuos'kh 'kkafriwoZd LkkFk&LkkFk
jgus esa LkQy gq,- dqN ckf'kUnksa us vkfne y¨xksa d¨
ÒsM+ksa&tkuojksa ds QkeZ ij u©dfj;ksa ij j[kk- xouZj eSDok;jh
us vkfne y¨xksa d¨ [ksrh ds fy, [kqn dh tehu miyC/k
djkbZ v©j muds cPpksa ds fy, Ldwy [kqyok,- ijUrq cgqr
gh de vkfne dchys bu ckf'kUnksa dh rjg thou xqtkjuk
pkgrs Fks- os viuh LkkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa d¨ xaokuk ugÈ
pkgrs Fks-
gesa ;g irk ugÈ gS fd Òwfe&fookn ds dkj.k fdrus
tutkrh; y¨xksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZ] ijUrq gesa ;g
t:j irk gS fd bu ekjs x, vkfne y¨xksa dh Lka[;k
LkSdM+ksa&gtkjksa esa Fkh- bLkLks Òh T;knk Lka[;k esa ;s vkfne
y¨x ;wjksih; ckf'kanks }kjk ykbZ xbZ chekfj;ksa Lks ekjs x,-
vkfne y¨xksa ds thou dk bruk Òkjh iSekus ij fouk'k
Áy;dkjh Fkk- 1830 ds n'kd esa foDV¨fj;k esa vkfne y¨xksa
dh tuLka[;k djhc 10 000 Fkh- 1853 dh x.kuk esa dsoy
1907 y¨x cps gq, Fks-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
bfrgkLk dh Áeq[k ?kVuk,a
varnsZ'kh; [k¨t
U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa vkjafÒd mifuosf'k;ksa d¨ dM+s LkadVksa
dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k- vkWLVªsfy;k dk cgqr gh de ÒwÒkx
mitkÅ gS- vkfne y¨xksa us bLk rjg ds okrkoj.k esa
thou&;kiu djuk Lkh[k fy;k Fkk] gkykafd Lkw[ks ds Lke; esa
mUgsa Òh cgqr dqN >syuk iM+rk Fkk-
varnsZ'kh; [k¨t ds Øe esa fLkMuh ds ckf'kUnksa d¨ ftLk igyh
cM+h ck/kk dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk] og fLkMuh ds if'pe
esa Cyw ekmUVsaLk dh 50 fdy¨ehVj yEch ioZr&J`a[kyk Fkh-
1813 esa CySDLkySaM [Blaxland]] osaVoFkZ [Wentworth] ,oa
y‚Lku [Lawson] uke ds rhu O;fä;ksa us vkf[kj esa bl
ioZr&J`a[kyk dks ikj dj fy;k- vkt Òh Cyw ekmaVsULk ds
vkj&ikj t¨ LkM+dsa v©j jsy ykbusa fcNkbZ xbZ gSa] os mUgÈ ds
fy, x, ekx¨± dk vuqlj.k djrh gS-
bu ioZrksa ds nwljh vksj vUos"kdksa d¨ ,d [kqyk Áns'k feyk]
t¨ ÒsM+ksa v©j tkuojksa d¨ pjkus ds fy, cgqr vPNk Fkk- exj
mLkds Òh T;knk vUnj tkus ij ,d 'kq"d] e#LFkyh; Áns'k
Fkk- mUgsa ikuh ryk'kus rFkk thfor jgus ds fy, Ò¨tu LkkFk
ys tkus esa cM+h fnDdrksa dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k- 1848 esa iwoZ
Lks if'pe dh v¨j Ák;}hi d¨ ikj djus ds Á;kLk esa teZuh
esa tUek ,d vUos"kd] yqMfox ys[kkVZ [Ludwig Leichhardt]
ykirk g¨ x;k-
1860 esa nf{k.k Lks mŸkj fn'kk esa vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ ikj djus ds
Á;kLk esa cdsZ [Burke] v©j foYLk [Wills] esyc‚uZ Lks py iM+s-
gkykafd mudk vfÒ;ku cgqr cM+k Fkk] exj ikj djuk dfBu
Fkk- cdsZ v©j foYLk vuqÒoh cq'kesu ugÈ Fks- vkfne ;kaMqoka/kk
[Yandruwandha] y¨xksa Lks mUgsa dq'ky Lkgk;rk feyh] exj
okiLkh esa bu n¨uksa gh [k¨ft;ksa dh e©r g¨ xbZ- cdsZ v©j
foYLk vius bLk vfÒ;ku esa Òys gh vLkQy jgs gksa fdUrq
dyk v©j LkkfgR; esa mudh dgkuh vej gS- gekjs ÒwÒkx dh
dfBukbZ ds ckjs esa ;g ,d d#.k mnkgj.k gS-
cdsZ v©j foYLk dk vkWLVªsfy;k&ikjh.k vfÒ;ku] 1860

ckf'kUns ,oa ik;uh;j
ckf'kUnksa d¨ vPNk ÒwÒkx fey tkus ds ckotwn Hkh mudk
thou cM+k dfBu Fkk- ckqaMksa esa ;k=k
djus okys y¨xksa esa v©j Òh vf/kd cyorh Fkh- LkadV dh
?kfM+;ksa esa ckf'kUnksa us Òh ,d&nwLkjs dh enn dh- vkt Òh
;g ijEijk vkWLVªsfy;k ds thou&'kSyh dk vax cuh gqbZ gS-
mnkgj.k ds fy,] cq'kQk;j ij dkcw ikus ds fy, gj Lkky
gtkjksa y¨x Lo;aLksod cudj Lkkeus vkrs gSa-
Lo.kZ&g¨M+
1851 ds vkjaÒ esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa Lk¨us dh [k¨t dk
o.kZu ,d ,sLkh [k¨t ds :i esa fd;k x;k gS ftLkus ^^,d
jk"Vª dh rdnhj cny nh**- mLkds 'kh?kz ckn ubZ Lora=
d‚y¨uh foDV¨fj;k esa Òh Lk¨uk ik;k x;k-
1852 ds vkf[kj rd Lk¨us dh [k¨t esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds reke
fgLLkksa v©j nqfu;k&Òj Lks 90 000 y¨x foDV¨fj;k igqap x, Fks-
1851 esa U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa foDV¨fj;k mifuos'kksa esa Lk¨us dh [k¨t gqbZ
vkWLVªsfy;k ds bfrgkLk esa ;wjsdk [Eureka] Økafr d¨ ,d egku
y¨drkaf=d {k.k ds :i esa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS- 1854 es a
cSykjSV [Ballarat] x¨YMQhYM es a [kuudfeZ;ks a us Lkjdkjh
vf/kdkfj;ks a }kjk x¨YMQhYM ds Lkapkyu es a viuk, x, dB¨j
rjhds ds f[kykQ ,d fo'kky foj¨/k&Án'kZu fd;k-
Lk¨us dh [kqnkbZ djus ds fy, ykbLks aLk Qh ysrs Lke;
Lkjdkjh&ny mu [kuudfeZ;ks a ds LkkFk cgqr gh dB¨j O;ogkj
djrs Fks- 11 uoEcj 1854 d¨ csdjh fgy [Bakery Hill]]
cSykjSV [Ballarat] esa 10 000 y¨x tek gq,] ftudk mÌs';
cqfu;knh y¨drkaf=d vf/kdkjks a ds ,d Ák:i dks vaxhÑr
djuk Fkk- os egaxh ykbLks aLk Qh pqdk, fcuk gh Lk¨us dh [kkuks a
dh [kqnkbZ djuk pkgrs Fks- LkkFk gh LkkFk os foDV¨fj;k dh
LkaLkn es a viuk Áfrfuf/kRo djus okys y¨xks a dk pquko dj
ikus dk vf/kdkj Òh pkgrs Fks-
y¨xks a ds ,d N¨Vs&Lks ny us ;wjsdk [kuu ds ikLk ,d ?ksjk cuk;k
v©j mLkij LknuZ Ø‚Lk okyk viuk foæ¨gLkwpd >aMk Qgjk
fn;k- 3 fnLkEcj 1854 dh Lkqcg Lkjdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa us ?ksjs ij
vkØe.k djus ds fy, vius LkSfud Òsts- 'kh?kz gh bu [kfudksa ij
dkcw ik fy;k x;k v©j djhc 30 [kfudksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZ-
;wjsdk dk >aMk
tc jktæ¨g dk eqdnek pykus ds fy, ckxh usrkvksa d¨ is'k
fd;k x;k] r¨ fdLkh Òh T;wjh us mUgsa vkj¨ih ekuus Lks euk
dj fn;k- ekeys dh tk¡p&iM+rky djus ds fy, ,d jktLkh
vk;¨x fu;qä fd;k x;k v©j mLkus ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd
n¨"k Lkjdkj dk Fkk rFkk [kfudksa dh cgqr Lkh ekaxsa eku yh
xb±- jktuhfrd Áfrfuf/kRo LkEca/kh mudh ekax Òh eku yh
xbZ- ,d Lkky ds vUnj gh foæ¨fg;ksa dk usrk ihVj ySyj
[Peter Lalor] foDV¨fj;k dh LkaLkn dk ,d LknL; cu x;k-
vkusokys o"k¨± esa ;wjsdk Økafr foj¨/k v©j Lk}Óogkj n¨uksa gh
ds fy, gekjk Árhd cu xbZ-
Lo.kZ&g¨M+ us dbZ ek;uks a es a vkWLVª sfy;k es a cnyko yk fn;k-
Lo.kZ&g¨M+ ds bu o"k¨± esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh vkcknh 1851 dh
43 000 dh rqyuk esa 1870 esa 1.7 fefy;u g¨ xbZ- bLk c

60
LDoSVj ,oa fdLkku
mifuos'kksa ds vkjafÒd fnuksa Lks gh ^LDoSVj* ds uke Lks tkus x,
y¨xksa us [ksrh ds fy, cM+h&cM+h tehusa ys j[kh FkÈ- gkykafd
LkkekU;r% mUgsa bLk tehu dh d¨bZ dher ugÈ pqdkuh iM+rh
Fkh] exj fQj Òh ;s LDoSVj y¨x mUgsa viuh gh tehu Lke>rs
Fks- ÁFke Lo.kZ&g¨M+ LkekIr g¨us ds ckn LDoSVjksa Lks ;s tehusa
okfiLk ikus ds fy, ,d yEck Lka?k"kZ pyk-
1860 ds n'kd esa Lkjdkj us bu LDoSVjksa dh tehuksa d¨
Ñf"k&dk;Z ds fy, dkexkjksa v©j muds ifjokjksa d¨ ns nsuk
pkgk- ;g nkok djds fd dbZ tehusa yht+ ij gSa & [kkLk
r©j ij mEnk fdLe dh tehusa & LDoSVjksa us T;knk Lks T;knk
Òwfe gM+i ysuh pkgh-
u, fdLkkuksa d¨ dfBu fLFkfr;ksa dk Lkkeuk djuk iM+k v©j
tcrd jsyos dk fuekZ.k ugÈ g¨ x;k] mUgsa ckt+kj izkIr ugÈ
gks ik;k- ;g ekuus ds dkj.k fd 'kgjksa esa T;knk dekbZ ds
voLkj gSa] tehu ij dke djuk v©j Fk¨M+h&Lkh etnwjh ds
fy, Je djuk drbZ vkd"kZd ckr ugÈ Fkh-
ijUrq LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k ds fdLkkuksa us vPNk dke fd;k rFkk
Ñf"k&dk;Z d¨ vkLkku cukus ds fy, e'khu ds vkfo"dkj
dh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ijEijk ogÈ Lks 'kq: gqbZ- mnkgj.k ds fy,]
LVEi&tEi Iy¨ ¼1870 ds n'kd esa½ us QLkyksa dh [ksrh ds
fy, dB¨j tehu d¨ LkkQ djus dk dke LkaÒo cuk fn;k-
1800 ds n'kd esa ÁokLkh y¨xksa dk Áokg
1800 ds n'kd ds vkjaÒ esa vaxzst] Ld‚fV'k] osY'k rFkk
vk;fj'k ckf'kUns bu mifuos'kksa esa jgus okys izeq[k Lkewg Fks-
bLk u, jk"Vª dh vk/kkjf'kyk mudh gh fojkLkr ij j[kh xbZ-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds eu¨jatu ds rjhds] LkkaLÑfrd xfrfof/k;ka rFkk
/kkfeZd ÁFkk,a ;qukbVsM ÇdXMe ds tSLkh gh FkÈ- ijUrq N¨Vs
Lkewgksa esa ;wj¨i v©j ,f'k;k ds ÁokLkh Òh ;gka vk,- 1800
esa vkus okys ;wj¨ih; mifuosf'k;ksa esa bVSfy;u] xzhd] i¨YLk]
ekYVht] jf'k;u rFkk 'kjkc m|¨x esa dke djus okys Ýsap
y¨x 'kkfey Fks- buesa Lks T;knkrj ;qok y¨x Fks ftUgsa dke
v©j Lk©ÒkX; dh ryk'k Fkh ;k os ,sLks ukfod Fks t¨ vius
tgktksa Lks Òkx vk, Fks-
phu ds ÁokfLk;ksa dk vkWLVªsfy;k esa vkus dk Øe 1842 ds
ckn 'kq# gqvk- Lk¨us dh [k¨t ds ckn mudh Lka[;k v©j c

erkf/kdkj
pqukoksa esa erkf/kdkj dk vfÒ;ku pykus okyh v©jrksa ds fy,
^LkÝstsV~Lk* 'kCn dk Á;¨x fd;k tkrk Fkk- 1880 v©j 1890
ds n'kdksa ds n©jku gj mifuos'k esa de Lks de ,d
erkf/kdkj Lkekt ¼LkÝst Lk¨Lkk;Vh½ gqvk djrk Fkk- bu
LkÝstsV~Lk y¨xksa us mifuos'kksa dh LkaLknksa esa ÁLrqr fd, tkus
ds fy, ;kfpdkvksa ij gtkjksa gLrk{kjksa dk Lkaxzg fd;k-
1895 esa LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©jrksa us er Mkyus ,oa
LkaLkn ds fy, pquko yM+ Lkdus dk vf/kdkj izkIr dj fy;k-
osLVuZ vkWLVªsfy;k dh v©jrksa d¨ ;g vf/kdkj 1899 esa ÁkIr
gqvk-
1902 esa vkWLVªsfy;k ,slk igyk ns'k cu x;k tgka v©jrksa
d¨ n¨uksa gh vf/kdkj ÁkIr Fks & er nsus dk vf/kdkj v©j
vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa pqus tkus dk vf/kdkj- tutkrh;
efgykvksa ¼v©j iq#"kksa½ d¨ er nsus dk vf/kdkj 1962 rd
ÁkIr ugÈ gqvk Fkk-
1923 esa tc ,fMFk d‚osu [Edith Cowan] d¨ osLVuZ
vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn ds fy, pquk x;k] r¨ os igyh efgyk
LkkaLkn cu xb±- 1943 esa ,fuM y‚;ULk [Enid Lyons]
vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn esa pquh tkus okyh igyh efgyk FkÈ-
Catherine Spence (1825-1910)
dSFkjhu LisULk (Catherine
Spence) ,d ysf[kdk]
minsf'kdk] ukjhoknh ,oa
LkÝstsV FkÈ-
dSFkjhu LisULk Ld‚VySaM
Lks vkWLVªsfy;k vkbZ FkÈ-
Ldwyksa dh fdrkcksa ds
vykok mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k
ds tuthou ds ckjs esa
iqjLdkj&fotsrk iqLrdsa
fy[kÈ-
mUgksaus cs?kj cPpksa dh enn ds fy, ,d LkaLFkk dh LFkkiuk
esa Lkg;¨x fn;k rFkk u, ÇdMjxkVsZULk ,oa yM+fd;ksa ds fy,
Lkjdkjh ek/;fed Ldwyksa d¨ Lkgk;rk Ánku dh-
os LkaLkn ds fy, [kM+h g¨us okyh ÁFke efgyk FkÈ v©j mUgsa
cgqr Lkkjs er ÁkIr gq,] exj os viuh LkhV ugÈ thr LkdÈ-
1891 esa os owesULk LkÝst yhx vkWQ LkkmFk vkWLVªsfy;k dh
okbLk&ÁsfLkMsaV cuha-
dSFkjhu LisULk bLk ckr dh Árhd gSa fd v©jrsa D;k dqN
gkfLky dj Lkdrh gSa] ;gka rd fd dfBu Lke;ksa esa Òh-
ifjLka?k
gkykafd d‚y¨fu;ksa dk fodkLk vyx&vyx gqvk Fkk] exj
19oÈ Lknh ds mŸkjk)Z esa ,d jk"Vªh; igpku dk c¨/k
fodfLkr g¨ x;k Fkk- ^,sMokaLk vkWLVªsfy;k Qs;j* esa bLkh
Òkouk d¨ ÁdV fd;k x;k gS- bLk xhr d¨ ihVj M‚M~Lk
eSDd‚feZd [Peter Dodds McCormick] us fy[kk Fkk v©j
bLks igys fLkMuh esa 1878 esa xk;k x;k Fkk- vkt ;g gekjk
jk"Vªxku gS-
19oÈ Lknh ds vkf[kj esa bu d‚y¨fu;ksa d¨ ,dtqV djus ds
Á;kLk n¨ ckj fd, x,- 1889 esa Lkj gsujh ikDLkZ [Sir Henry
Parkes] us ,d u, etcwr jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k dk vkg~oku fd;k-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds ,d Lka?k@ifjLka?k ds fopkj ij ppkZ djus ds
fy, 1890 esa vkWLVªsfy;u QsMjs'ku d‚UÝsaLk dk vk;¨tu
fd;k x;k-
Fk¨M+s foyEc ds ckn 1893 esa ifjLka?k cukus ds bLk Á;kLk esa
rsth vkbZ- fuokZpdksa us vxys LkaoS/kkfud vf/kos'ku ds LknL;ksa
dk p;u fd;k- Lkafo/kku d¨ Lohdkj djus gsrq fuokZpdksa us
n¨ jkmaM ds jsQjsaMe esa er fn,- ;g rF; fd ifjLka?k dh
ÁfØ;k y¨xksa dh bPNk ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] ;g n'kkZrk gS fd
vkWLVªsfy;k fdruk Áxfr'khy Fkk-
fczLcsu esa QsMjs'ku Ms] 1901
Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kà xkFkk 61

62
fczfV'k Lkjdkj vkWLVªsfy;k d¨ 'kkLku LkkSaius ds fu, Lkger g¨
xbZ v©j 1 tuojh 1901 d¨ fLkMuh ds LksUVsfu;y ikdZ esa
Òkjh ÒhM+ dh e©twnxh esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh igyh Lkjdkj us 'kiFk
xzg.k dh- bLk u, jk"Vª ds Á/kkuea=h Fks ,MeaM ckVZu [Edmund
Barton]] ftUgksaus U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa ifjLka?k ¼QsMjs'ku½ vkan¨yu
dk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk-
vc vkWLVªsfy;k ,d ns'k cu pqdk Fkk] exj vÒh Òh og fczfV'k
LkkezkT; ds vUnj Fkk- 1931 Lks igys mLks Áfrj{kk ,oa fons'kh
ekeyks a es a iwjh Lora=rk ÁkIr ugÈ Fkh- gkykafd jk"Vªh; Òkouk dk
mn; g¨ pqdk Fkk] fdUrq fczfV'k g¨us dk c¨/k vÒh Òh etcwr Fkk-
Lkj ,MeaM ckVZu
jktuhfrd nyksa dk tUe
1880 ds n'kd ds vkrs&vkrs vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgus okys
dkexkjksa us dbZ etcwr VªsM ;wfu;u ¼etnwj Lka?k½ cuk fy,
Fks- vkfFkZd eanh v©j Lkw[ks ds dfBu Lke;ksa esa ;s Lka?k viuh
etnwjh v©j viuh n'kkvksa ds Lkaj{k.k ds fy, gM+rky fd;k
djrs Fks- mLkds ckn bu dkexkjksa us jktuhfr dh v¨j #[k
fd;k- 1891 esa mUgksaus yscj ikVÊ dh LFkkiuk dh-
yscj ikVÊ dk igyk dke dkexkjksa ds ikfjJfed v©j mudh
n'kkvksa d¨ fQj ls cgky djuk v©j muesa Lkq/kkj ykuk Fkk-
e/;e&oxZ ds y¨x etnwjksa Lks T;knk vkjkensg fLFkfr;ksa
esa jgrs Fks] exj mUgsa etnwjksa dh n'kk dk Òh vgLkkLk Fkk-
etnwjh r; djus v©j gM+rkyksa ij j¨d yxkus ds fy,
vkf/kdkfjd c¨M¨± dk xBu fd;k x;k- 1907 esa d‚euosYFk
d¨VZ vkWQ dkSafLkfy,'ku ,saM vkfcZVªs'ku ¼d‚euosYFk Lkgefr
,oa e/;LFkrk U;k;ky;½ us ;g r; fd;k fd U;wure etnwjh
bruh g¨uh pkfg, fd ,d dkexkj] mLkdh iRuh v©j rhu
cPps ^ferO;f;rkiw.kZ* vkjkensgh Lks jg Lkdsa-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
tc yscj ikVÊ fodfLkr g¨ xbZ] r¨ 1910 esa vU; LkÒh
ikfVZ;ka fycjy ikVÊ ds :i esa ,dtqV g¨ xb±- bLk ikVÊ ds
Òh dbZ uke Fks- ;q) ds n©jku ;g ^us'kuy ikVÊ* g¨ xbZ v©j
mLkds ckn ;g ^;qukbVsM vkWLVªsfy;k ikVÊ* cu xbZ- vkt
ge ftLk fycjy ikVÊ Lks ifjfpr gSa] mLkdh LFkkiuk 1944
esa gqbZ Fkh- bLkds ckn j‚cVZ esat+hLk [Robert Menzies] }kjk
,d d‚UÝsaLk vk;¨ftr dh xbZ ftLkesa dbZ xSj&yscj ikfVZ;ka
'kkfey gqb±- Lkj j‚cVZ esat+hLk vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkcLks yEcs dky
rd in ij cus jgus okys Á/kkuea=h Fks-
ÁFke fo'o;q) ds ckn fdLkkuksa ds fgrksa d¨ c

ijUrq tc ,f'k;k ds fy, ;wj¨i dk ,d vkmVi¨LV can
g¨ x;k] r¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds fy, Òh [krjk [kM+k g¨ x;k]
[kkLk&r©j ij rc tcfd tkiku ,d egk'kfä cu x;k-
vkWLVªsfy;k viuh Áfrj{kk ds fy, fczfV'k LkkezkT; v©j
mLkdh u©LkSfud 'kfä ij fuÒZj Fkk- fczfV'k LkkezkT; d¨
etcwrh Ánku djus ,oa viuh j{kk ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;k us
n¨uksa gh fo'o;q)ksa esa yM+kbZ dh-
teZuh ds fe=jk"Vª rqdÊ ij geyk g¨rs gh vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
LkSfudksa us 1915 esa ÁFke fo'o;q) esa Áos'k fd;k-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ rFkk U;wTkhySaM Lksukvksa d¨ xSfyi¨yh Ák;}hi ij
vkØe.k djus dh Lora= ftEesnkjh nh xbZ-
mUgs a Lkeqæ&rV ij xyr fBdkus ij j[kk x;k v©j [kM+h
pÍkuks a ij pk
fot; ikus esa ÁfrÒkxh cus-
fLkEiLku v©j mLkdk x/kk & John
Simpson Kirkpatrick (1892-1915)
t‚u fLkEiLku ddZiSfVªd
(John Simpson
Kirkpatrick) ,d LksokdeÊ
Fkk t¨ vkWLVªsfy;k dh
Çdonarh cu pqdk gS-
Ák;osV t‚u fLkEiLku
ds uke Lks mLkus LVªspj
ys tkus okys O;fä dh
gSfLk;r Lks xSfyi¨yh esa
,sEC;qysaLk esfMdy d¨j esa
dke fd;k- igkfM+;ksa v©j
?kkfV;ksa Lks g¨dj LVªspj ys
tkuk cM+k dfBu dke Fkk- Lksuk dh vkKk ds f[kykQ tkdj
?kk;y LkSfudksa d¨ Lkqjf{kr txg igqapkus ds fy, mLkus MQh
[Duffy] uke ds ,d x/ks Lks dke fy;k-
jkr&fnu] ?kaVs&nj&?kaVs] os yM+kbZ ds e¨psZ v©j chp dSEi rd
dh ;k=k djrs gq, viuk thou t¨f[ke esa Mkyrs jgs-
Ák;osV t‚u fLkEiLku 25 vÁSy 1915 d¨ xSfyi¨yh igqap
x;k Fkk- pkj gh grs ckn og nq'euksa dh e'khuxu Lks Òwu
Mkyk x;k- chp dSEi ij dk;Zjr LksokdfeZ;ksa us e©u mnkLkh
ds LkkFk ns[kk fd vius ekfyd ds fcuk gh MQh [Duffy]
vÒh Òh ,d ?kk;y LkSfud d¨ fy, chp dSEi dh v¨j
Vi&Vi djrk pyk vk jgk Fkk-
Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kà xkFkk 63

64
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
,sut+Sd dk vk[;ku
25 vÁSy 1915 d¨ tc vkWLVªsfy;k v©j U;wft+ySaM dh LkSU; lsuk,sa (ANZAC) rqdÊ esa xSfyi¨yh Ák;}hi ij mrjÈ, r¨ ,sut+Sd
ijEijk dk Lkw=ikr gqvk-
bLkh ds LkkFk ,d ,sLks vfÒ;ku dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ t¨ vkB eghus rd pyk vkSj ftLkesa 25 000 vkWLVªsfy;kbZ grkgr gq,- buesa
8700 os y¨x Fks t¨ ekj Mkys x, ;k ftudh e`R;q ?kkoksa vFkok chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k gqbZ- xSfyi¨yh Ák;}hi ij Lksok djus okys
bu y¨xksa ds 'k©;Z v©j mRLkkg us ,d v˜qr vk[;ku d¨ :ikf;r fd;k v©j ^,sut+Sd* vkWLVªsfy;k ,oa U;wft+ySaM dh Òk"kk dk vax
cu x;k-
1916 esa muds vorfjr g¨us ¼ySaÇMx½ dh ?kVuk dh igyh o"kZxkaB vkWLVªsfy;k] U;wTkhySaM v©j baXySaM esa v©j LkkFk gh faelz dh
LkSU; VqdfM+;ksa }kjk eukbZ xbZ- mLkh Lkky 25 vÁSy d¨ ^,sutS+d fnoLk* dk uke fn;k x;k-
1920 dk n'kd vkrs&vkrs ,sut+Sd fnoLk Lkekj¨g iwjs vkWLVªsfy;k esa euk;k tkus yxk v©j jkT;ksa us ,sut+Sd fnoLk ds voLkj
ij LkkoZtfud vodk'k ?k¨f"kr fd;k- jkt/kkfu;ksa esa cM+s&cM+s ;q)&Lekjd cuk, x,- ns'k Òj ds 'kgjksa v©j uxjksa esa cus ;s
Lekjd mu ;qok y¨xksa v©j efgykvksa dh ;kn fnykrs gSa t¨ mLk ;q) rFkk ckn ds Lka?k"k¨± esa 'kghn gq,-
,sut+Sd fnoLk vc og fnu gS tc ge ;q)ksa] Lka?k"k¨± v©j 'kkafr&Á;kLkksa esa viuh Lksok,a nsus okys reke y¨xksa ds Áfr LkEeku
ÁdV djrs gSa- oLrqr% ;g d¨bZ LkSfud Lkekj¨g ugÈ gS- bLkesa fdLkh fot;&xkFkk dk LkEeku fufgr ugÈ gS & xSfyi¨yh vfÒ;ku
vLkQy jgk Fkk- bLkds }kjk Lkk/kkj.k LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"kksa ds egku xq.kksa % cU/kqrk] Lkgu'khyrk rFkk foifŸk ds fnuksa esa Òh
gaLkrs&gaLkrs thus ds thoV d¨ LkEekfur fd;k tkrk gS- orZeku esa ,sut+Sd fnoLk vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk fo'o esa euk;k tkrk gS-
f}rh; fo'o;q) ,oa vU; yM+kb;ksa Lks y©Vs LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k] v©j LkkFk gh fe=jk"Vªksa ds 'kkafrj{kd rFkk fnXxt y¨x & ;s
LkHkh ,sut+Sd Ms ijsM esa xoZ Lks fgLLkk ysrs gSa-
xSfyi¨yh esa ,sut+Sd fnoLk ÁÒkr Lksok

?k¨j eanh] 1929-1932
^?k¨j eanh* ¼fn xzsV MhÁs'ku½ vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨xksa ds fy, ?k¨j dfBukbZ dh ?kM+h Fkh- ;g mLkh Lke; vkjaÒ gqvk tc U;w;‚dZ
LV‚d ,DLkpsat dk iru gqvk- fdUrq eanh d¨ tUe nsus okys v©j Òh dkjd Fks- bu dkj.kksa esa 'kkfey Fks & fu;kZr ewY;ksa v©j
foØ; esa vkbZ fxjkoV] fons'kh _.k ,oa Lkjdkjh O;; esa fxjkoV rFkk Lkajpuk esa vk;k iru- 1932 ds e/; esa yxÒx 32
Áfr'kr vkWLVªsfy;koklh csj¨txkj g¨ x, Fks-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds Lkekt ij eanh dk fouk'kdkjh vLkj iM+k-
j¨txkj v©j LFkk;h vk; ds vÒko esa dbZ y¨x cs?kj g¨ x,-
os vLFkk;h 'kj.k&x`gksa esa jgus d¨ ck/; g¨ x, tgka u LknÊ
Lks jkgr Fkh v©j u gh LoPNrk- dqN firkvksa us ?kj&ckj
N¨M+ fn;k ;k 'kjkc ihus yxs- etnwj oxZ ds cPps 13-14
Lkky dh mez Lks Ldwy N¨M+us yx x,- cgqr Lkh v©jrksa d¨
vius ?kj&ckj v©j cPpksa dh ns[kÒky ds LkkFk&LkkFk cqfu;knh
dkeksa esa dk;Zjr gksuk iM+k-
eanh dh v¨j dne c

66
f}rh; fo'o;q)] 1939 - 1945
f}rh; fo'o;q) es a mŸkjh vÝhdk ds jsfxLrkuks a v©j vU; dbZ
txgks a ij vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xks a us fe= jk"Vªks a ds i{k es a yM+kb;ka
yM+È- mŸkjh vÝhdk ds V‚czqd 'kgj es a os teZu rFkk bVSfy;kbZ
y¨xks a dh ,d yEch ?ksjkcanh ds chp yM+rs jgs- nq'eu mUgs a
^V‚czqd ds pwgs* dgrs Fks D;ks afd os ,d fdukjs iM+ s Fks v©j
t¨ feyrk Fkk ogh [kk&ih ysrs Fks- vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xks a us bu
dfBu fLFkfr;ks a es a yM+kbZ yM+h v©j thfor jgs v©j bLkfy,
mUgks aus viuk ;g uke j[k fy;k- ?ksjkcanh Lks ;g Lkkfcr g¨
x;k fd bu y¨xks a es a ÁFke fo'o;q) ds [kudks a ¼fMxLkZ½ dh
rjg gh yM+us&fÒM+us dk tks'k Fkk- Lo;a LkSfudks a d¨ ;g irk
Fkk fd mUgs a ,d egku ijEijk d¨ cpk, j[kuk gS-
tkiku }kjk Á'kkUr {ks= esa ;q) NsM+ fn, tkus ds ckn]
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k ?kj y©V vk,- fdUrq muds
y©Vus Lks igys ikiqvk U;w fxuh dh Lkqj{kk t:jh Fkh- ;g
egku dk;Z fu;fer LkSfudksa ,oa mu toku tczh jax:Vksa
d¨ LkkSaik x;k ftUgsa vPNk Áf'k{k.k Òh ugÈ feyk Fkk- mUgsa
taxy esa] d¨d¨Mk VªSd uke Lks e'kgwj ,d Lkh/kh pk LkEca/k
tkikfu;ksa }kjk bu vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa ds LkkFk fd;k x;k
Øwj O;ogkj bLk ;q) dh dVqre ;knksa esa Lks gS- gkykafd
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q)cafn;ksa us ,d&nwLkjs dh ns[kÒky djus dh
iwjh d¨f'k'k dh vkSj vf/kdkjh v©j vke y¨x ,d&nwLkjs ds
LkkFk Lkekurk dh Òkouk Lks is'k vk,] exj fQj Òh cgqr Lkkjs
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q)cafn;ksa dh e`R;q gks xbZ-
Le`fr&fnoLk
,sut+Sd fnoLk Lkekj¨gksa ds LkkFk&LkkFk Le`fr&fnoLk Òh og
fnu gS tc vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨x ;q) esa Lksok djrs gq, 'kghn
g¨ tkus okys O;fDr;ksa d¨ ;kn djrs gSa- 11 uoEcj ¼11oka
eghuk½ ds 11 cts fnu esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds y¨x Bgjdj mu
L=h&iq#"kksa ds cfynku d¨ ;kn djrs gSa ftUgsa ;q)ksa v©j
Lka?k"k¨± dh ;kruk,a Lkguh iM+È] tku ls gkFk /kksuk iM+k] ;k
ftUgksaus viuh Lksok,a nÈ-
ÁFke fo'o;q) ds Lke; Lks gh jsM i‚iht d¨ ;knxkj ds Árhd ds :i esa
bLrseky fd;k tkrk jgk gS-
gky gh esa] vkWLVªsfy;k dh Áfrj{kk Lksuk d¨ iwoÊ frewj] bjkd]
LkwMku ,oa vQxkfuLrku ds Lka?k"k¨± esa 'kkfey g¨uk iM+k gS
rFkk vÝhdk] e/;&iwoZ ,oa ,f'k;k&Á'kkUr {ks= Lkfgr nqfu;k
ds vusd fgLLkksa esa mUgksaus Lka;qä jk"Vª 'kkafr&Á;kLkksa esa Òkx
fy;k gS-

Lkj ,MokMZ ^fo;jh* Muyi [Sir Edward
‘Weary’ Dunlop] (1907-1993)
Lkj ,MokMZ ^fo;jh* Muyi
(Sir Edward ‘Weary’
Dunlop) ,d cgknqj o
nwLkjksa dh ijokg djus okys
LktZu v©j vkWLVªsfy;k ds
,d ;q)ohj Fks-
nwLkjs fo'o;q) ds n©jku]
fo;jh ,d LkSU; LktZu Fks-
mUgsa v©j muds LkkfFk;ksa d¨
tkikfu;ksa }kjk dSn dj fy;k
x;k rFkk Fkkb&cekZ jsyos ij
dke djus ds fy, cekZ ys tk;k x;k- ;g ,d cgqr gh yEck
v©j dfBu dke Fkk-
,d dekaMj ds :i esa fo;jh vius y¨xksa ds Áoäk cus jgs
v©j ,d LktZu ds :i esa os mUgsa LoLFk djus esa ?kaVksa Lke;
fcrkrs- dSEi esa mUgsa ;kruk,a nh xb± exj mudk Lksok&dk;Z
tkjh jgk-
fpfdRLkk ds {ks= esa muds ;¨xnku ds fy, 1969 esa mUgsa
^ukbV* dh mikf/k nh xbZ- muds ejus ij esyc‚uZ dh xfy;ksa
esa ^jsyos dk LktZu* uke ls tkus x, vius bLk ohj Lkiwr dh
vaR;sf"V ns[kus ds fy, 10 000 y¨x drkj cka/ks [kM+s Fks-
1900 ds n'kd ds vkjaÒ esa vkoztu
¼ekbxzs'ku½
ÁFke ,oa f}rh; fo'o;q) ds chp dh vof/k esa vkWLVªsfy;k
esa Áos'k djus ds fy, Áfrca/k dh 'krZsa ykxw jgÈ- ysfdu
ÁokfLk;ksa dh Lka[;k c

68
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
Lu¨oh ioZr ty&fo|qr ;¨tuk
,d vkRefuÒZj] cgqLkkaLÑfrd ,oa LkaLkk/ku&LkEik ns'k ds :i esa Lu¨oh ioZr ;¨tuk vkWLVªsfy;k dh igpku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ
Árhd gS-
;g vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkcLks cM+h bathfu;Çjx ifj;¨tuk gS- LkkFk gh] ;g nqfu;k dh o`gŸke ty&fo|qr ;¨tukvksa esa Lks ,d gS-
bLk ;¨tuk ds ek/;e Lks U;w LkkmFk osYLk ,oa foDV¨fj;k ds varnsZ'kh; Òkxksa esa Ñf"k&m|¨x ds fy, vR;ko';d ty dh vkiwfrZ
g¨rh gS- bLkds ÅtkZ&dsUæ U;w LkkmFk osYLk ds fy, vko';d LkeLr fctyh dk 10 Áfr'kr mRikfnr djrs gSa-
Lu¨oh ioZr ;¨tuk dk ek= 2 Áfr'kr gh tehu ds Åij fn[krk gS- bLkds varxZr 16 Áeq[k cka/ksa] Lkkr ÅtkZ&dsUæ] ,d iÇEix
LVs'ku rFkk 225 fdy¨ehVj yEch Lkqjax] ikbiykbusa v©j tyokfgdk,a gSa-
bLk ;¨tuk ij 1949 esa dke 'kq# gqvk v©j 1974 esa LkekIr gqvk- 30 Lks Òh vf/kd ns'kksa ds 100 000 Lks Òh vf/kd y¨xksa us
bLk ifj;¨tuk ij dke fd;k- buesa Lks LkŸkj Áfr'kr y¨x vkÁokLkh Fks- ifj;¨tuk LkekIr g¨ tkus ds ckn T;knkrj ;wj¨ih;
Jfed vkWLVªsfy;k esa jgus ds fy, #d x, v©j mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k ds cgqLkkaLÑfrd Lkekt esa viuk egRoiw.kZ ;¨xnku fn;k-
Lu¨oh ioZr ;¨tuk U;w LkkmFk osYLk esa d¨f'kmLTd¨ [Kosciuszko] us'kuy ikdZ esa fLFkr gS- ifj;¨tuk ds dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij
iM+us okys ÁÒko ij xgu fuxjkuh j[kh tkrh gS- bLk ;¨tuk dk rkRi;Z ;g fudyk gS fd dqN txgksa ij Lu¨oh unh vc igys
ds eqdkcys dsoy 1 Áfr'kr ty gh okfgr djrh gS-
i;kZoj.k dh ÒykbZ ds fy, foDV¨fj;k ,oa U;w LkkmFk osYLk dh Lkjdkjksa us unh dk Áokg 28 Áfr'kr rd iquLFkkZfir djus dk
fu'p; fd;k gS-
Lu¨oh ioZr ;¨tuk ij dk;Zjr Jfed

tutkrh; y¨xksa dh fpfdRLkk
1940 v©j 1950 ds n'kdksa esa vkfne y¨xksa ds ckjs esa
vkWLVªsfy;k Lkjdkj dh uhfr LkfEeJ.k dh uhfr esa cny xbZ-
bLkdk eryc ;g gqvk fd tutkrh; y¨xksa d¨ mLkh rjg
thou&;kiu djus d¨ dgk x;k tSLks xSj&tutkrh; y¨x
jgrs Fks- exj ;g uhfr dke;kc ugÈ gqbZ D;ksafd vkfne y¨x
viuh ikjEifjd LkaLÑfr d¨ [k¨uk ugÈ pkgrs Fks-
1960 ds n'kd esa ;g uhfr ,dhdj.k dh uhfr esa cny
xbZ- 1850 ds n'kd esa vkWLVªsfy;k ds T;knkrj iq#"kksa d¨
er Mkyus dk vf/kdkj fey x;k Fkk] fdUrq 1962 Lks igys
rd jk"VªeaMy erkf/kdkj LkÒh tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa
d¨ ÁkIr ugÈ gqvk Fkk- ,dhdj.k ds LkkFk vkfne y¨xksa d¨
ukxfjd vf/kdkj ns fn, x,] fdUrq vÒh Òh muLks ;gh
vis{kk dh tkrh Fkh fd os xSj&tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
LkaLÑfr ds vuq:i jgsa-
1967 esa vkxs v©j ifjorZu gqvk] tcfd 90 Áfr'kr
vkWLVªsfy;kokfLk;ksa us tux.kuk esa vkfne y¨xksa d¨ 'kkfey fd,
tkus ds Lkoky ij LkdkjkRed er fn,- ;g jsQjsaMe ,d ehy
dk iRFkj Lkkfcr gqvk- bLkLks vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dk cgqer
lkeus vk;k tksfd tutkrh; y¨xksa d¨ 'kkfey djds mUgsa Òh
v©j y¨xksa dh rjg gh vf/kdkj fn, tkus ds i{k esa Fkk-
vkWLVªsfy;k ds n`f"Vdks.k es a vk, bLk [kqysiu v©j mLk Lke;
vkfne y¨xksa dh v¨j Lks gq, foj¨/k ds QyLo:i 1970 es a
tutkrh; Lofu.kZ; dh uhfr dk ekxZ Á'kLr gqvk- vkWLVªsfy;k
dh Lkjdkj us ;g ckr eku yh v©j bLks ekU;rk ns nh xbZ
fd tutkrh; y¨xks a ds jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] Lkkekftd ,oa
LkkaLÑfrd fodkLk es a mudh viuh ckr pyuh pkfg,-
vkoztu ¼ekbxzs'ku½ & ,d Øfed ifjorZu
1950 ,oa 1960 ds n'kdksa esa ,f'k;kbZ Lkeqnk;] ppZ ,oa
Lkkekftd Lkewgksa us feydj ^'osr vkWLVªsfy;k* uhfr LkekIr
djus ds fy, foj¨/k&Án'kZu fd,-
1958 esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us Jqrys[k ijh{kk LkekIr
dj nh v©j 1966 esa pqfuUnk xSj&;wj¨ih; y¨xksa ,oa fuiq.k
,f'k;kbZ vkÁokfLk;ksa ds fy, }kj [k¨y fn,- vkf[kjdkj]
vkWLVªsfy;k ds LkÒh y¨xksa us gekjs vkoztu dk;ZØe esa LkÒh
ns'kksa d¨ Lkfkfgr djus ds ewY; d¨ ekU;rk Ánku dh- 1973
esa ^'osr vkWLVªsfy;k* uhfr LkekIr g¨ xbZ v©j vc ns'k
cgqLkaLÑfrokn ds iFk ij py iM+k-
1973 esa vkWLVªsfy;k dh Lkjdkj us vkoztu ds fy, LkÒh
uLyh; 'kr¨± d¨ gVk fn;k- 1975 esa fo;ruke ;q) ds ckn
vkWLVªsfy;k us cgqr Òkjh iSekus ij ,f'k;kbZ 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa
vkÁokfLk;ksa d¨ Lohdkj fd;k-
buesa Lks T;knkrj y¨x fo;ruke ds Fks] exj phu v©j Òkjr
ds vkÁokLkh Òh Òkjh Lka[;k esa vkus yxs-
1975 Lks ysdj vkWLVªsfy;k c¨fLu;k v©j gtsZx¨fouk rFkk
e/;&iwoZ ,oa vÝhdk Lkfgr dbZ ;q)&ttZj ns'kksa Lks vk,
'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa d¨ Lohdkj djus yxk- orZeku esa gekjs vkÁokLkh
nqfu;k Òj Lks ;gka vkrs gSa-
vkWLVªsfy;k LkÒh ÒwÒkxksa Lks vk, y¨xksa dk jk"Vª cu x;k gS]
t¨fd vk/kqfud nqfu;k dh ,d cM+h LkQyrk gS- 1945 Lks
ysdj vcrd 6.5 fefy;u y¨x vkWLVªsfy;k vk pqds gSa- buesa
Lks ,d p©FkkbZ vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdksa dk tUe ckgj ds ns'kksa
esa gqvk Fkk-
bu vkÁokfLk;ksa us vkWLVªsfy;k vkdj jgus ,oa gekjs LkkekU;
thou&ewY;ksa d¨ Lkk>k djus dk fu'p; fd;k gS- os
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ thou ds cgqjaxh ifj–'; d¨ v©j vf/kd Lke`)
cukrs gSa-
Lkekos'k
vc vkWLVªsfy;k ,d cgqLkkaLÑfrd jk"Vª cu x;k gS tgka
viuh&viuh vkLFkkvksa ds vuqLkkj O;ogkj djus ,oa dkuwu
ds nk;js esa viuh LkkaLÑfrd ijEijkvksa ds vuqikyu dk gj
O;fä dk vf/kdkj LkEekfur ,oa Lkajf{kr gS-
orZeku vkWLVªsfy;k esa Lkekos'k dh ,d dk;Z'khy uhfr gS
ftLkesa gj Átkfr dk gj O;fä ;g vuqÒo dj ikrk gS fd
og bLkh Lkekt dk ,d vax gS- ;g uhfr vkWLVªsfy;k dh
LkaLÑfr ds gj igyw esa LkekbZ gqbZ gS- ;g cpiu Lks ysdj
fo'ofo|ky; rd dh f'k{kk esa gekjs 'kS{kf.kd ikB~;Øe dk
,d vax gS rFkk bLkdk ikyu gekjs dk;ZLFkyksa ,oa Lksokm|¨x
rd esa fd;k tkrk gS-
gj O;fä d¨ Lkekurk ds vk/kkj ij v©j fcuk fdLkh ÒsnÒko
ds O;ogkj ikus dk gd vkWLVªsfy;k ds ekuokf/kdkj vk;¨x
,oa ÁR;sd jkT; ,oa Áns'k dh Lkjdkjksa }kjk Lkajf{kr gS-
uLyh; ÒsnÒko dh LkkoZtfud fuUnk dh tkrh gS v©j og
dkuwu ds varxZr ,d vijk/k gS-
vkWLVªsfy;k LohÑfr v©j LkejLkrk ij vk/kkfjr ,d
cgqLkkaLÑfrd Lkekt cu x;k gS- ;g ,d ,sLkk ns'k gS tgka
vkÁokLkh] tutkrh; y¨x ,oa vkWLVªsfy;k esa tUesa vU; y¨x
'kkafriwoZd vius&vius y{;ksa dk Lora=rkiwoZd vuqxeu
dj Lkdrs gSa- ;g og txg gS tgka vrhr ds >xM+ksa v©j
Áfr'k¨/k Òkoukvksa d¨ ihNs /kdsyk tk Lkdrk gS-
Òkx 5 & gekjh vkWLVªsfy;kà xkFkk 69

70
M‚- foDVj pkax [Dr Victor Chang] (1936 - 1991)
M‚- foDVj pkax vkWLVªsfy;k ds csgrjhu gkVZ&LktZuksa esa Lks ,d Fks-
foDVj ihVj pkax ;ke fge dk tUe 1936 esa phu esa gqvk Fkk v©j os 15 Lkky ds mez esa gh
vkWLVªsfy;k vk x, Fks-
mUgksaus fLkMuh ds LksaV foULksaV g‚LihVy [St. Vincent’s Hospital] esa dke fd;k] tgka 1984 es a
mUgksaus vkWLVªsfy;k esa ân;&ÁR;kj¨i.k ds ÁFke dsUæ dh LFkkiuk dh- 1986 es a foDVj pkax d¨
^dEisfu;u vkWQ fn vkWMZj vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k* cuk;k x;k] t¨fd vkWLVªsfy;k dk Lko¨ZPp iqjLdkj gS-
foDVj bLk ckr Lks ijs'kku jgrs Fks fd nku&nkrkvksa dh Lka[;k cM+h de gS- bLkfy, mUgksaus
Ñf=e ân; cukus dk dke 'kq: fd;k- 1991 esa tcfd cM+s nq[kn rjhds Lks mudh gR;k dj nh
xbZ] ;g dke yxÒx iwjk g¨ pyk Fkk-
mudh Le`fr esa ,d u;k 'k¨/kdsUæ [k¨yk x;k gS- mUgsa muds vuqÒoksa] mudh vk'kkokfnrk v©j mudh ubZ Lkw> ds fy, ;kn
fd;k tkrk gS-
vYcVZ uSeRtkbjk [Albert Namatjira]
(1902-1959)
vYcVZ ukekRthjk vkWWLVªsfy;k
ds egku dykdkjksa esa ls ,d
gSa ftUgksaus fp=dkjh ds ,d
Ldwy dh LFkkiuk dh tks
vkt Hkh py jgk gS-
,d ;qok ,sjUVZ iq#"k ds :i
esa vYcVZ us isÇUVx ds {ks= esa
viuh Lkgt ÁfrÒk fn[kykbZ-
gkykafd mUgsa cgqr gh de
v©ipkfjd Áf'k{k.k izkIr gqvk Fkk] fdUrq vkWLVªsfy;k ds xkaoksa
ds ckjs esa cuk, x, muds okVjdyj fp= cgqr gh y¨dfÁ;
gq, v©j cgqr gh tYn Lkkjs ds Lkkjs fcd x,-
os v©j mudh iRuh vkWLVªsfy;k ds igys vkfne&Átkrh;
O;fä Fks ftUgs a ukxfjd cuus dh vuqefr feyh- bLkdk eryc
;g Fkk fd os er ns Lkdrs Fks] g¨Vyks a es a Áos'k ik Lkdrs Fks
v©j tgka etÊ g¨ ogka viuk ?kj cuk Lkdrs Fks- vYcVZ d¨
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk fey tkus Lks bLk rF; ij Ádk'k iM+k
fd vU; vkfne y¨xks a d¨ ;s vf/kdkj ÁkIr ugÈ Fks-
muds thou Lks xSj&tutkrh; vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa d¨ uLyoknh
dkuwuksa dh vuhfr dk Kku gqvk v©j bLkLks vkfne Átkfr ds
y¨xksa ds thou esa ifjorZu ykus dk ekxZ Á'kLr gqvk-
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k
,Ïh eSc¨ [Eddie Mabo] (1936-1992)
,Ïh eSc¨ ,d Lkkekftd
dk;ZdrkZ rFkk tutkrh;
y¨xks a ds Òwfe ij vf/kdkj ds
ckjs es a c¨yus okys Áoäk Fks-
,Ïh d¨bdh eSc¨ [Eddie
Koiki Mabo] dk tUe eSc¨
oa'k dh ikjEifjd
/kjrh eqjsZ }hi [Murray
Island] ij gqvk Fkk- cpiu
Lks gh mUgsa crk fn;k x;k
Fkk fd d©u Lks isM+ v©j
pÍkusa mudh ikfjokfjd Òwfe
dh Lkhek cka/krh Fkha-
cgqr o"k¨± ds ckn ,Ïh dks ;g irk pyk fd vkWLVªsfy;kbZ
dkuwu ds rgr mudh tehu ^Økmu ySaM* ekuh tkrh Fkh
v©j og muds ifjokj dh LkEifŸk ugÈ Fkh- mUgksaus vius
ب/k d¨ ,d fØ;kRed :i ns fn;k v©j eqjsZ }hi [Murray
Island] ds y¨xksa dh v¨j Lks dpgjh esa viuk igyk ijh{k.k
eqdnek is'k djus py fn,-
dbZ Lkkyksa ckn 1992 esa ,Ïh us mPp U;k;ky; esa eqdnek
thr fy;k- eSc¨ U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; esa ;g dgk x;k fd
;fn tutkrh; y¨x ;g Lkkfcr dj nsa fd viuh tehu Lks
mudk Lkrr ikjEifjd LkEca/k cuk jgk Fkk] r¨ vU;:is.k
nkok u fd, x, g¨us dh fLFkfr esa os mLk Òwfe ij LokfeRo
dk nkok B¨d Lkdrs Fks- bLk fu.kZ; ds dkj.k cM+s iSekus ij
Òwfe;ka muds ewy Lokfe;ksa d¨ y©Vk nh xb±-
,Ïh eSc¨ d¨ mLkds LkkgLk rFkk vkWLVªsfy;k ds tutkrh;
y¨xksa ds fy, Òwfe dk vf/kdkj gkfLky djus ds dkj.k ;kn
j[kk tkrk gS-

tutkrh; y¨x & ifjorZu ds n¨ n'kd
1960 ds n'kd esa u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh esa oso fgy [Wave Hill]
dSVy LVs'ku esa gq, xqÇjMth gM+rky [Gurindji Strike]
ds ek/;e Lks Òwfe&vf/kdkjksa d¨ ysdj vkfne tkfr;ksa dk
foj¨/k vke y¨xksa dh utj ds Lkkeus vk;k- foULksaV Çyft;kjh
[Vincent Lingiari] ds usr`Ro esa vkfne tkfr ds i'kqikyd
dSVy LVs'ku ds dke Lks gM+rky ij pys x,- mudk foj¨/k
osru v©j dk;Z&n'kkvksa Lks LkEcaf/kr Fkk] ijUrq ckn esa og
Òwfe&vf/kdkj dk eLkyk cu x;k- mudh LkfØ;rk us ,Ïh
eSc¨ ,oa vU; y¨xksa d¨ tutkrh; y¨xksa ds Òwfe&vf/kdkjksa
ds fy, Lka?k"kZ djus dh Ásj.kk nh-
vkfne tkfr Òwfe vf/kdkj ¼u‚nZuZ VsfjVjh½ vf/kfu;e 1976
ds varxZr vkfne y¨xksa d¨ vkWLVªsfy;k ds vkmVcSdksa esa
tehu ds cM+s&cM+s VqdM+s ns fn, x, Fks- 1990 ds n'kd
ds vkjaÒ esa eSc¨ ds mPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ,oa ^usfVo
VkbfVy ,sDV* 1993 esa ;g ekU;rk nh xbZ fd tutkrh;
y¨xksa dk] muds vius ikjEifjd fu;eksa v©j ijEijkvksa ds
vk/kkj ij] tehu ij nkok curk Fkk- vkWLVªsfy;k dh dqy
tehu dk 10 Áfr'kr Lks Òh vf/kd fgLLkk e©twnk Lke; esa
usfVo VkbfVy ds fu/kkZj.k ds varxZr vkrk gS- ;gka vkt Òh
ikjEifjd Lkekt ds igyw e©twn gSa- tutkrh; LkaLÑfr vÒh
Òh Qy&Qwy jgh gS v©j o`gŸkj Lkekt }kjk Á'kafLkr gS-
ebZ 1997 esa ^fczÇUxx nse g¨e* ¼mudh ?kj&okiLkh½ fji¨VZ
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ LkaLkn esa is'k dh xbZ- ;g fji¨VZ Òkjh Lka[;k esa
vkfnokLkh ,oa V‚jLk LVªsV }hiokLkh cPpksa d¨ muds ifjokjksa
Lks vyx fd, tkus LkEca/kh ,d tkap ds ÁR;qŸkj esa is'k dh
xbZ Fkh- bu cPpksa d¨ ^pqjk yh xbZ ih

72
xSj&ijh{k.kh; [kaM dh 'kCnkoyh
jktnwr
og O;fä t¨ fdLkh ns'k dk Áfrfuf/k g¨ ;k fdLkh dk;Z d¨ izksRlkgu ns
c¨MZ ¼eaMy½
fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, pqus x, y¨xksa dk Lkewg] tSLks ;g fd fdLkh dEiuh dk Lkapkyu dSLks fd;k tk,
c¨ÇMZx Ldwy
og Ldwy tgka Nk= fuokl dj ds ik {ks=
tczh jax:V
og LkSfud t¨ Lksuk esa vius eu Lks u vk;k gks] cfYd ;q) dh fLFkfr esa mLks cgky g¨uk iM+k gks
Økmu ySaM
Lkjdkj dh Òwfe
ikB~;Øe
v/;;u d¨LkZ
Nfjæ
ftLkds ikLk /ku u g¨] u gh /ku&ÁkfIr ds mik;
fMtjhMw [didgeridoo]
vkfne vkWLVªsfy;kbZ y¨xksa dk ,d ok|;a= t¨ yEch] [k¨[kyh ydM+h Lks cuk g¨rk gS
Lk}Óogkj
gj fdLkh dh csgrjh ds fy, Lkeqfpr ;k cjkcjh dk e©dk
fu"i{krk
fdLkh Lkewg ds dk;Z&Á;kLkksa esa vPNh lkewfgd&Òkouk ,oa Lkcds ykÒ ds fy, cus fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, Òkx ysuk
'kghn LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k
;q) ;k yM+kbZ esa ekjs x, LksokdeÊ L=h&iq#"k
fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k ;k l`tu djuk
Lkdy ?kjsyw mRikn
fdLkh ns'k esa Lkky&Òj ds vUnj mRikfnr oLrqvksa v©j Lksokvksa dk dqy ewY;
xeZ gok
cgqr T;knk xeZ e©Lke] t¨ fnuksa Lks T;knk fVds
vfr jktæ¨g
,d xaÒhj vijk/k ftLkesa Lkjdkj dh r[rkiyV djus dh Lkkft'k 'kkfey g¨
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k

ÁrhdkRed tutkrh; fp=
og dyk t¨ tutkrh; y¨xksa dh fof'k"V ifjpk;d vkSj izfrfuf/k g¨
Òw{ks=
Òwfe dk {ks=
ehy dk iRFkj
d¨bZ egRoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfLkd ?kVuk
usfVo VkbfVy
vkWLVªsfy;k dh dkuwu&Á.kkyh ds varxZr fu.kZ; fd, x, vuqLkkj] ty v©j LFky ij tutkrh; y¨xksa dk ikjEifjd vf/kdkj
e©f[kd bfrgkLk
chrs gq, Lke; dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa y¨xksa dh e©f[kd Le`fr
vxzxkeh
vkjafÒd mifuosf'k;ksa esa Lks ,d] v©ifuosf'kd vkcknh ds vkjafÒd fnuksa esa fdLkh {ks= esa dke;kch ikus okyk O;fä
jktuhfrd Áfrfuf/kRo
LkaLkn esa fdLkh jktusrk ds ek/;e Lks Áfrfuf/kRo
fjt+oZ
Lkjdkj }kjk vkfnokLkh y¨xksa ds jgus ds fy, LkqLkajf{kr Òwfe&{ks=
Lktk
fdLkh vijk/kh }kjk Ò¨xh xbZ naM dh vof/k
osru&fu/kkZj.k
;g r; djuk fd deZpkfj;ksa d¨ dke ds ,ot esa fdruh etnwjh feysxh
Lkekt Lkq/kkj
Lkekt esa Økafr ds cnys ugÈ cfYd Øfed ifjorZu }kjk Lkq/kkj ykuk
jkT; vaR;sf"V
ns'k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ ;¨xnku djus okys O;fä ds LkEeku esa Lkjdkj }kjk vk;¨ftr vaR;sf"V
dB?ksjk
ydM+h ds [kaÒksa vkfn Lks cuk Áfrj{kd ?ksjk
i'kqikyd
tkuojksa dh ns[kÒky ds fy, fu;qä O;fä
gM+rky
tc deZpkjh dke djuk can dj nsrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdLkh fu;¨äk ds QSLkys ds foj¨/k esa
erkf/kdkj
y¨d pqukoksa esa er Mky Lkdus dk vf/kdkj
'kiFk&xzg.k
v©ipkfjd Lkekj¨g }kjk Lkjdkjh foÒkx ds nkf;Ro&Lkapkyu ds fy, Lohdkj fd;k tkuk
is'k fd;k x;k
LkaLkn esa cgLk ;k LohÑfr ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd :i Lks ÁLrqr] tSLks% d¨bZ fji¨VZ is'k fd;k tkuk
thou ds {ks=
lkekftd vofLFkfr ;k i`"BHkwfe] dk;Z] in
xSj&ijh{k.kh; vuqÒkx dh 'kCnkoyh 73

74
v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd cuus ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk osclkbV www.citizenship.gov.au.
ij Tkk,¡-
vkWLVªsfy;k
vki vkWLVªsfy;k ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh vius LFkkuh; iqLrdky; Lks ÁkIr dj Lkdrs gSa- vfrfjä tkudkjh bu
oscLkkbVksa Lks Òh ÁkIr dh tk Lkdrh gS%
• vkWLVªsfy;k % Lka{ksi esa www.dfat.gov.au/aib
• LkaLÑfr ,oa eu¨jatu i¨VZy www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au
vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ,oa lsok,a
vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ,oa lsokvksa ds ckjs esa vki bl osclkbV ls tkudkjh izkIr dj ldrs
gSa% www.australia.gov.au.
laÄh; lkaln ;k lhusVj
vkids jkT; ;k çns'k ds LFkkuh; lkaln ;k lhusVj ds ikl vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds dk;ZØeksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ckjs esa foLr`r
lwpuk,a miyC/k gSa-
lkalnksa ,oa lhusVjksa dh lwph www.aph.gov.au. ij ns[kh tk ldrh gS
vkWWLVªsfy;k ljdkj ds laxBu
bl lalk/ku iqLrd esa mfYyf[kr vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ ljdkj ds laxBuksa ds ckjs esa vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh vki fuEukafdr osclkbVksa ls
çkIr dj ldrs gSa%
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Áfrj{kk Lksuk www.defence.gov.au
[Australian Defence Force]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ fuokZpu vk;¨x www.aec.gov.au
[Australian Electoral Commission]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lka?kh; iqfyLk www.afp.gov.au
[Australian Federal Police]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ekuo vf/kdkj vk;¨x www.humanrights.gov.au
[Australian Human Rights Commission]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ [ksy vk;ksx www.ausport.gov.au
[Australian Sports Commission]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ dj fu/kkZj.k dk;kZy; www.ato.gov.au
[Australian Taxation Office]
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ;q) Lekjd www.awm.gov.au
[Australian War Memorial]
• vkWLVªsfy;k dk fjt+oZ cSad www.rba.gov.au
[Reserve Bank of Australia]
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k

xSj&Lkjdkjh LkaxBu
bLk lalk/ku iqLrd esa mfYyf[kr xSj&Lkjdkjh LkaxBuksa ds ckjs esa v©j vf/kd tkudkjh vki fuEukafdr oscLkkbVksa Lks ÁkIr
dj Lkdrs gSa%
• czSMeSu QkmaMs'ku vkWLVªsfy;k www.bradman.com.au
[Bradman Foundation Australia]
• gSefyu fQLP;qyk baVjus'kuy
[Hamlin Fistula International]
www.fistulatrust.org
• j‚;y ykbax M‚DVj LkfoZLk vkWQ vkWLVªsfy;k
[Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia] www.flyingdoctor.net
• Ldwy vkWQ fn ,;j [School of the Air] www.schoolair-p.schools.nsw.edu.au
• Lu¨oh ioZr ty&fo|qr Ákf/kdj.k
[Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority] www.snowyhydro.com.au
• fn ÝsM g‚y¨t QkmaMs'ku www.hollows.org.au
[The Fred Hollows Foundation]
• ;wusLd¨ fo'o /kj¨gj dsUæ whc.unesco.org
[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]
• Lka;qä jk"Vª [United Nations] www.un.org
• foDVj pkax dkfMZ;d fjLkpZ baLVhP;wV www.victorchang.edu.au
[Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute]
• o‚yaVh;Çjx vkWLVªsfy;k [Volunteering Australia] www.volunteeringaustralia.org
vU;
fuEukafdr fo"k;ksa ij v©j vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEukafdr oscLkkbVksa ij [kkst djsa %
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ Lkafo/kku www.aph.gov.au/senate/general/constitution
• vkWLVªsfy;kbZ vkWQ fn b;j ,okM~LkZ www.australianoftheyear.org.au
• fczÇUxx nse g¨e fji¨VZ www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/
index.html
• jk"VªeaMy m|ku ,oa vH;kj.; www.environment.gov.au/parks/index.html
• ÁfLk) vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjd % fn vkWLVªsfy;u http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm
fMD'kujh vkWQ ck;¨xzkQh vkWuykbu ,fM'ku
• LkaLkn ds Lke{k is'k e©twnk fo/ks;dksa dh Lkwph www.aph.gov.au/bills/index.htm
• vkWLVªsfy;k dh LkaLkn www.aph.gov.au
• LkaLknh; f'k{kk Lksok,a www.peo.gov.au
• LkkoZtfud vodk'k www.australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and
figures/public-holidays
• ^pqjk yh xbZ ih

76
vkHkkj
fuEukafdr fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; vfÒys[kkxkj ls lkÒkj fy, x, gSa%
p42 - HksM+ pjkrs cPps NSW & Ldwy vkWWQ fn ,;j] 1962 esa fy;k x;k fp= (lanÒZ% A1200:L42511)
p51 - O;fäRo & fMd fLeFk] ukxfjd mÏ;u çkf/kdj.k ds v/;{k] 1991 (lanÒZ% A6135:K23/5/91/1)
p56 - VleSu fufeZr vkWWLVªsfy;k dk uD'kk] 1644 (lanÒZ% A1200:L13381)
p59 - 1851 esa vkWWLVªsfy;k esa Lo.kZ&gksM+ ds ,sfrgkfld fp= (lanÒZ% A1200:L84868)
p60 - varnZs'kh; vkWWLVªsfy;k esa dke djrs *vQxku* ,oa muds ÅaV (lanÒZ% A6180:25/5/78/62)
p67 - O;fäRo & lj ,MokMZ *fo;jh* Muyi vius dk;kZy; esa] 1986 (lanÒZ% A6180:1/9/86/12)
p67 - vkoztu & vkWWLVªsfy;k esa vkçokfl;ksa dk vkxeu & ds;UlZ esa ySfefu;k tgkt ij bVSfy;kbZ dsu&dVlZ] 1955
(lanÒZ% A12111:1/1955/4/97)
fuEukafdr fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; ls lkÒkj fy, x, gSa%
p18 - tSjsek Iysl] flfod] dSucjk esa vk;ksftr ;q)&fojks/kh fojks/k jSyh ds oäkvksa dks lquus ds fy, ,df=r çn'kZudkjh & 15
Qjojh 2003] fp=% xzsx ikoj (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3063592)
p44 - T;qfMFk jkbV dk js[kkadu] 1940 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an29529596)
p52 - vkpsg] baMksusf'k;k] esa lqukeh ds ckn fd, x, jkgr dk;Z ds nkSjku vkWWLVªsfy;u çfrj{kk lsukdfeZ;ksa dk Lokxr djrÈ
baMksusf'k;k dh vkSjrsa] 30 fnlEcj 2004] fp=% MSu gaV (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3510861)
p56 - flMuh dkso esa igyk csM+k] tuojh 27] 1788] tkWu ,sydkWV }kjk l`ftr 1888 & 1973
(lanÒZ% nla.pic-an7891482)
p57 - dSjksfyu fØlgkWe dk js[kkfp=] FkkWel Qs;jySaM }kjk çdkf'kr 1804 - 1852 (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an9193363)
p58 - dwilZ Øhd esa cdZs ,oa foYl dh okilh] fudksyl 'ksoSfy;j }kjk l`ftr 1828 - 1902 rFkk 1868 esa çdkf'kr
(lanÒZ% nla.pic-an2265463)
p61 - dSFkjhu gsysu LisUl dk js[kkfp=] 1980 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr
(lanÒZ% nla.pic-an14617296)
p63 - tkWu flEilu ddZiSfVªd vkSj mldk x/kk] xSfyiksyh] 1915 (lanÒZ% nla.pic-an24601465)
p65 - lj pkYlZ ,MokMZ fdaXlQksMZ fLeFk dk js[kkfp=] 1919 vkSj 1927 ds chp çdkf'kr (lanÒZ% nla.pic-vn3302805)
p70 - geZUlcxZ fe'ku esa vYcVZ usesRtkbjk dk js[kkfp=] vkFkZj xzwe }kjk 1946 ;k 1947 esa çdkf'kr
(lanÒZ% nla.pic-an23165034)
pkSng foÜo&/kjksgjksa ds LFky&fp= i;kZoj.k] Tky] /kjksgj ,oa dyk foÒkx ,oa fuEukafdr
O;fä;ksa ls lkÒkj çkIr%
p40 - vkWWLVªsfy;u QkWfly&eSey lkbV ds QksVksxzkQ dkWfyu VkWVjMsy }kjk
p40 - Cyw ekmaVsUl us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ ekdZ ekWgsy }kjk
p40 - Ýstj }hi ds QksVksxzkQ 'kSuu E;wj }kjk
p40 - xksaMokuk o"kkZ&ou] vkWWLVªsfy;k ds QksVksxzkQ ikWy dSaMfyu }kjk
p40 - dSdsMq us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ lSyh xzhuos }kjk
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k

p40 - ykWMZ gkW }hi ds QksVksxzkQ fefyUMk czkmvj }kjk
p40 - eSDok;j }hi ds QksVksxzkQ fefyUMk czkmvj }kjk
p41 - iU;Zqyqyq jk"Vªh; ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ jkWM gkVZfoXlsu }kjk
p41 - jkW;y ,Dthfc'ku fcfYMax ,oa dkyZVu xkMZsUl ds QksVksxzkQ ekbdsy eSdkWys }kjk
p41 - 'kkdZ cs ds QksVksxzkQ dsfy E;qysu }kjk
p41 - rLekfu;k ds chgM+ ds QksVksxzkQ fudksyk czkbMsu }kjk
p41 - myq#&dSVk Rtqrk us'kuy ikdZ ds QksVksxzkQ ,saMª~;w gfpUlu }kjk
p41 - DohalySaM ds vkæZ dfVca/k ¼osV VªkWfiDl½ ds QksVksxzkQ dkWfyu VkWVjMsy }kjk
p41 - foySaMªk >hy {ks= ds QksVksxzkQ ekdZ ekWgsy }kjk
fuEukafdr fp= iStockphoto ds lkStU; ls çkIr gq, gSa%
ÝaV doj & oSVy] ©iStockphoto.com/Ressy (lanÒZ% 3322510)
p14 - vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ CySd vksiy] ©iStockphoto.com/Alicat (lanÒZ% 8323912)
p22 - laln Òou] ©iStockphoto.com/Tim Starkey (lanÒZ% 2256743)
p22 - xSosy ,saM cqd] ©iStockphoto.com/Dem10 (lanÒZ% 2397687)
p27 - vkfFkZd xzkQ ij ds flôs] ©iStockphoto.com/Robyn Mackenzie (lanÒZ% 2335549)
p27 - MkWDVj fy[krk gqvk] ©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Arranz (lanÒZ% 6498434)
p38 - ckSaMh chp] ©iStockphoto.com/Edd Westmacott (lanÒZ% 3048786)
p38 - fdaXl dkWu;u] ©iStockphoto.com/Francois Marclay (lanÒZ% 5733853)
p51 - ykSg v;Ld [kku dk jhDysej] ©iStockphoto.com/Christian Uhrig (lanÒZ% 9819736)
p54 - fMtjhMwt] ©iStockphoto.com/Adam Booth (lanÒZ% 834207)
p55 - vkfnoklh jkWd vkVZ & lSjsVksxk fQ'k] ©iStockphoto.com/Alpen Gluehen (lanÒZ% 2761924)
ckdh lÒh fp= fuEukafdr laLFkkvksa@O;fä;ksa ls lkÒkj çkIr gq, gSa%
p8 - cjsokax ikEl ds yksj dofjax ds lkFk LikWVsM xEl] eqjZseSjkax us'kuy ikdZ] NSW QksVksxzkQ % MSfj;ks iksLVkbZ
p20 - cSyV ckWDl esa er Mkyrk gqvk O;fä- fp= lkStU;% foDVksfj;k dk fuokZpu vk;ksx
p24 - dkWeuosYFk vkWWLVªsfy;k lafo/kku vf/kfu;e 1900% ewy lkoZtfud vfÒys[k çfrfyfi] fp= lkStU;% fxVl laxzg] laln
Òou dyk laxzg] lalnh; lsok,a foÒkx] dSucjk ACT
p27 - drkj esa cSBs cPps] fp= lkStU;% xsVh bestst] QksVksxzkQ% esy ;sVl
p28 - mPp U;k;ky; ds fp= vkWWLVªsfy;k ds mPp U;k;ky; ds lkStU; ls
p40 - fcx csu gMZ }hi fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfy;u vaVkdZfVd fMohtu] vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ jk"VªeaMy © Commonwealth of
Australia] QksVksxzkQ% ,y- bZ- yktZ (lanÒZ%1892A2)
p40 - xzsV cSfj;j jhQ fp= lkStU; % xzsV cSfj;j jhQ eSjkbu ikdZ vkWWFkksfjVh
p41 - flMuh vksisjk gkml fp= lkStU;% flVh vkWWQ flMuh] QksVksxzkQ% iSfVªd fcaÄe&gkWy
vkÒkj 77

78
vkÒkj
p43 - vkWWLVªsfy;u oqesUl us'kuy QqVckWy Vhe ¼eSfVYMkt½] fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfybZ [ksy vk;ksx
p44 - lj MksukYM czSMeSu fp= lkStU;% czSMeSu E;qft;e vkWWQ fØdsV- lj MksukYM czSMeSu viuk vkWWLVªsfy;u VsLV dSi igus
gq,] QksVksxzkQ 1931-32 vkWWLVªsfy;kbZ lhtu esa fy;k x;k
p45 - çksQslj ÝsM gkWykst] fp= lkStU;% ÝsM gkWykst QkmaMs'ku] QksVksxzkQ% ÝSad ok;ksyh
p50 - flMuh gkcZj ds Åij uo o"kZ dh vkfr'kckth] fp= lkStU;% flVh vkWWQ+ flMuh
p52 - MkW- dSFkjhu gSefyu AC fp= lkStU;% gSefyu fQLP;qyk fjyhQ ,saM ,M QaM
p61 - ykWMZ ySfeaXVu QsMsjs'ku Ms ij ÒhM+ dks lacksf/kr djrs gq,] fczLcsu] 1901] fp= lkStU;% LVsV yk;czsjh DohalySaM]
QksVksxzkQ% ,p- MCY;w- ekWClckb (lanÒZ% 47417)
p65 - lwi fdpsu fp= lkStU;% LVsV yk;czsjh vkWWQ U;w lkmFk osYl ¼fe'ksy yk;czsjh½- Ldwyh cPps ,d drkj esa [kM+s lwi vkSj
czsM Lykbl ds bartkj esa] csyeksj ukWFkZ ifCyd Ldwy] NSW] 2 vxLr 1934] QksVksxzkQ% lSe gqM (lanÒZ% H&A 4368)
p66 - dksdksMk VªSd fp= lkStU;% vkWWLVªsfy;u okj eseksfj;y] (lanÒZ% 014028)
p66 - vkWWLVªsfy;u okWj eseksfj;y esa yky ikWiht] QksVksxzkQ% Vksjh fczEl
p70 - MkW- foDVj pkax fp= lkStU;% fn foDVj pkax dkfMZ;d fjlpZ baLVhP;wV
p70 - ,Ïh eScks dk fp= cfuZVk ,oa xsy eScks dh vuqefr ls iqu%çLrqr
vkWLVªsfy;kbZ ukxfjdrk % gekjk Lkk>k LkEca/k