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Nevropsykologi nr 1 - Norsk Psykologforening

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Form 36. I tilegg nyttar vi eit nytt semistrukturert intervju:<br />

Multidimentional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF)<br />

for å måle fungering i dagleglivet på tre sentrale områder;<br />

fungering heime, under utdanning og i jobbsamanhengen.<br />

MSIF er utvikla av Judith Jaeger, og måler også grad av støtte/hjelp<br />

som trengst for å oppretthalde tidlegare rolle på desse<br />

tre områda. Tanken bak MSIF er at eksisterande instrument<br />

på dette området ikkje fangar opp betydinga av støtte i stor<br />

nok grad, og at mange eksisterande instrument ikkje er graderte<br />

nok i høve å fange opp skilnader.<br />

Kunnskap om kognitiv svekking hos deprimerte, i kva grad<br />

den er reversibel eller irreversibel, saman med kunnskap om<br />

korleis dette påverkar livskvalitet og fungering i dagleglivet vil<br />

ha viktige kliniske implikasjonar. Forsking viser at 50 % av<br />

dei som opplever ein alvorleg depressiv episode får tilbakefall<br />

innan to år og vidare at 80 % vil oppleve meir enn ein episode<br />

gjennom livslaupet (Mueller et al., 1999, Goeleven et al,<br />

2006). Depresjon påverkar alle sider av kvardagen for dei som<br />

er ramma. Det er behov for meir forsking omkring samanhengen<br />

mellom kognitiv svekking og nedsett livskvalitet og<br />

fungering i dagleglivet for å avgjere om arbeid med kognitiv<br />

svikt mogleg bør vere ein sentral del av depresjonsbehandling.<br />

Referanser:<br />

Adler, D. A., McLaughlin, T. J., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H.<br />

Lapitsky, L. Lerner, D. (2006) Job performance deficits due to<br />

depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, (1569 – 1576).<br />

Angermeyer, M. C., Holzinger, A. Matschinger, H.<br />

Stengler- Wenzke, K. (2002). Depression and quality of life:<br />

results of a follow-up study. International Journal of Social<br />

Psychiatry 48, 189– 199.<br />

Austin, M. P., Mitchell, P. & Goodwin, G. M. (2001)<br />

Cognitive deficits in depression: possible implications for<br />

functional neuropathology. British Journal of Psychiatry,<br />

178, 200 - 206.<br />

Brissos, S., Videira Dias, V., Carita, A. I., & Martinez –<br />

Aran, A. (2008) Quality of life in bipolar type I disorder<br />

and Schizophrenia in remission: Clinical and neurocognitive<br />

correlates Psychiatry research,160, 55 – 62.<br />

Castaneda, A. N., Tuulio – He<strong>nr</strong>iksson, A., Marttunen, M.,<br />

Suvisaari, J., & Lönnquist, J. (2008) A review on cognitive<br />

impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus<br />

on young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106, 1-27.<br />

Frojd, S. A., Nissinen, E. S., Pelkonen, M. U., Marttunen,<br />

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Depression and school performance in middle adolescent<br />

boys and girls. Journal of Adolescence 31, 485–498<br />

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impairment in effortful information processing in major<br />

depression. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 9(6), 954-959.<br />

18<br />

FORSKNINGSPROSJEKTER<br />

Hammar, Å., Lund, A., & Hugdahl, K. (2003b) Long-lasting<br />

cognitive impairment in unipolar major depression: a six<br />

months follow-up study. Psychiatry Research, 118(2) 189-196.<br />

Jaeger, J., Berns, S., Uzelac, S., & Davis-Conway, S.<br />

(2006) Neurocognitive deficits and disability in major<br />

depressive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 145: 39–48.<br />

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Attention and executive functions in remitted major<br />

depression patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 89,<br />

125–135.<br />

Papakostas, G, I., Petersen, T., Mahal, Y., Mischoulon,<br />

D., Nierenberg A, A., & Fava, M. (2004). Quality of life<br />

assessments in major depressive disorder: a review of the<br />

literature, General Hospital Psychiatry, 26, 13–17.<br />

Rush, A. J. (2001). Chronic major depression: a review<br />

and update. J Clin Psychiatry, 62 (suppl 6), 3-4.<br />

Smith, D. J., Muir, W. J., & Blackwood, D. H. (2006).<br />

Neurocognitive impairment in euthymic young adults<br />

with bipolar spectrum disorder and recurrent major<br />

depressive disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 8, 40-46.<br />

Taylor Tavares, J. V., Drevets, W, C., & Sahakian, B, J.,<br />

(2003). Cognition in mania and depression [Editorial],<br />

Psychological Medicine 33, 959 – 967<br />

Mueller, T. I., Leon, A. C., Keller, M, B., Solomon, D,A.,<br />

Endicott, J., Coryell, W.,Warshaw, M., & Maser, J, D.<br />

(1999). Recurrence after recovery from major depressive<br />

disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up. Am J<br />

Psychiatry, 156(7), 1000-1006.<br />

Neu, P., Bajbouj, M., Schilling, A., Godemann, F.,<br />

Berman, R., & Schlattmann, P. (2005). Cognitive function<br />

over the treatment course of depression in middle-aged<br />

patients: correlation with brain MRI signal hyperintensities,<br />

Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39, 129–135<br />

Gruber, S,. Rathgeber, K., Braunig, P., Gauggel, S. (2007).<br />

Stability and course of neuropsychological deficits in manic<br />

and depressed bipolar patients compared to patients with<br />

major depression. Journal of Affective Disorder, 104, 61–71.<br />

Weiland-Fiedler, P., Erickson, K., Waldeck, T., Luckenbaugh,<br />

D, A., Pike, D., Bonne, O., Charney, D, S., Neumeister, A.,<br />

(2004). Evidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments<br />

in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 82 253 - 258<br />

Wang P, S., Beck, A,L., Berglund, P., McKenas, D, K,.<br />

Pronk, N, P,. Simon, G, E,. & Kessler, R, C. (2004)<br />

Effects of major depression on moment-in-time work performance.<br />

Am J Psychiatry, 161, 1885–1891<br />

WHO 2009: http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/<br />

<strong>Nevropsykologi</strong> <strong>nr</strong>. 1-2009

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