COMBUSTÍVEL NUCLEAR: TECNOLOGIA PARA O ESSENCIAL

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42 INB 2005 ANNUAL REPORT KYOTO PROTOCOL LEVERAGES <strong>NUCLEAR</strong> POWER INVESTMENTS The commitments assumed under the Kyoto Protocol, which created heavy fines for those countries failing to control carbon dioxide emissions, and the predicted growth of power demand over the next 15 years, are causing countries all over the world to decide to invest strongly in nuclear power. A number of countries are building new nuclear power plants and expanding the capacity and useful life of the existing ones. Russia, that currently has 31 nuclear power plants supplying 16% of the country’s electricity consumption, is planning to increase by 40% its nuclear park by 2022 and thereby increase the nuclear power’s share of electricity consumption in the country. There are four nuclear reactors under construction, which will add about 3,600 MW to the Russian electric system. The European Union’s Economic and Social Committee adopted, as an official position, a study stressing the importance of nuclear energy as a source of electricity generation for the continent, which position is also supported by France. Even in Germany, where the Green Party carries a heavy political weight, nuclear power plants have increased their installed capacity and expanded their share of electricity production. The United States, where investments in nuclear power facilities have been practically frozen for decades, has resumed the nuclear program. In the case of the two Calvert Cliffs units, a 20 years’ expansion has been approved and applied to their operating licenses, extending the useful life of plants originally planned for operation during 40 years; now they will remain active up to 60 years. Such trend is expected to reach the other nuclear power plants in operation. In addition, thirteen new nuclear power plants are being proposed. The large expected demand for energy will certainly come from the so-called emerging countries In addition to the populational growth at higher rates, the economic expansion they are having justifies the need for a heavy investment in nuclear power. China is planning to increase its number of nuclear reactors fourfold: there will be 29 new plants by 2020. India has currently eight reactors under construction. Korea, in turn, has 20 units in operation and is planning an additional eight plants. The announced plans for expansion and those yet to come indicate a representative growth of the nuclear share - currently of the order of 16% - of the world’s electric power generation mix.
2 2005 - WORLD <strong>NUCLEAR</strong> POWER REACTORS NORTH AMERICA 15 1 123 1 SOUTH AMERICA 1 4 EUROPE 1 1 1 134 EAST EUROPE 20 5 5 70 REACTORS PROPOSED (Clear intention but still without funding and/or approvals) — 115 REACTORS IN OPERATION ( Connected to the grid)— 441 AFRICA 25 1 2 REACTORS CONSTRUCTED (First concrete for reactor poured, or major refurbishment under way) — 27 ORIENT REACTORS PLANNED (Approvals and funding in place, or construction well advanced but suspended indefinitely) — 38 33 2 10 17 EXTREME ORIENT 21 26 9 91 Source: World Nuclear Association - 2005 INB 2005 ANNUAL REPORT 43
Page 1 and 2: COMBUSTÍVEL NUCLEAR: TECNOLOGIA PA
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Page 5 and 6: Relatório Anual INB 2005 Mensagem
Page 7 and 8: MENSAGEM DO PRESIDENTE Roberto Garc
Page 9 and 10: DEZENAS DE PAÍSES DECLARAM APOIO
Page 11 and 12: 5% África do Sul 5,5% México 3,9%
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Page 15 and 16: ENERGIA UMA NOVA ONDA NUCLEAR Alta
Page 17 and 18: 15 PANORAMA DAS USINAS NUCLEARES NO
Page 19 and 20: TRANSPARÊNCIA DETERMINA O CRESCIME
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Page 23 and 24: O FUTURO COMEÇA AQUI The future be
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Page 77 and 78: REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE Pursu
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COMBUSTÍVEL NUCLEAR: TECNOLOGIA PARA O ESSENCIAL

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