Radiação Solar e Terrestre - Dca.ufcg.edu.br - Universidade Federal ...
Radiação Solar e Terrestre - Dca.ufcg.edu.br - Universidade Federal ...
Radiação Solar e Terrestre - Dca.ufcg.edu.br - Universidade Federal ...
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<strong>Universidade</strong> <strong>Federal</strong> de Campina Grande<<strong>br</strong> />
Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais<<strong>br</strong> />
Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Atmosféricas<<strong>br</strong> />
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meteorologia<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
(Parametrização de <strong>Radiação</strong>)<<strong>br</strong> />
Métodos de Modelagem Numérica
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Afeta:<<strong>br</strong> />
Temperatura<<strong>br</strong> />
Concentração de gases<<strong>br</strong> />
Visibilidade<<strong>br</strong> />
Cores<<strong>br</strong> />
Organismos biológicos<<strong>br</strong> />
Pode ser:<<strong>br</strong> />
Refletida<<strong>br</strong> />
Espalhada<<strong>br</strong> />
Absorvida<<strong>br</strong> />
Refratada<<strong>br</strong> />
Dispersada<<strong>br</strong> />
Transmitida<<strong>br</strong> />
Quando um corpo emite mais radiação que absorve resfria<<strong>br</strong> />
Quando um corpo absorve mais radiação que emite aquece
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong>
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Absorvida<<strong>br</strong> />
Emitida IR<<strong>br</strong> />
Déficit<<strong>br</strong> />
Déficit<<strong>br</strong> />
Transferida
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
λ<<strong>br</strong> />
c<<strong>br</strong> />
ν<<strong>br</strong> />
= Ep<<strong>br</strong> />
= hν =<<strong>br</strong> />
hc<<strong>br</strong> />
λ<<strong>br</strong> />
Velocidade da luz<<strong>br</strong> />
Constante de Planck<<strong>br</strong> />
c<<strong>br</strong> />
h<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
2,9979 10<<strong>br</strong> />
-34<<strong>br</strong> />
6,6256 10<<strong>br</strong> />
ms −<<strong>br</strong> />
8 1<<strong>br</strong> />
Js
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Corpo Negro<<strong>br</strong> />
Lei de Planck<<strong>br</strong> />
B<<strong>br</strong> />
λ,<<strong>br</strong> />
T<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
5<<strong>br</strong> />
λ<<strong>br</strong> />
2hc<<strong>br</strong> />
2<<strong>br</strong> />
⎡ ⎛ hc ⎞ ⎤<<strong>br</strong> />
⎢exp⎜<<strong>br</strong> />
⎟ − 1⎥<<strong>br</strong> />
⎣ ⎝λkT<<strong>br</strong> />
b ⎠ ⎦<<strong>br</strong> />
Constante de Boltzmann<<strong>br</strong> />
k = JK WsK<<strong>br</strong> />
b<<strong>br</strong> />
-23 −1 −1<<strong>br</strong> />
1, 38 10 ( )<<strong>br</strong> />
Tipo de superfície<<strong>br</strong> />
Emissividade<<strong>br</strong> />
Tipo de superfície<<strong>br</strong> />
Emissividade<<strong>br</strong> />
Água liquida<<strong>br</strong> />
Água liquida das nuvens<<strong>br</strong> />
Nuvens Cirrus<<strong>br</strong> />
Grama<<strong>br</strong> />
1,0<<strong>br</strong> />
0,25 - 1,0<<strong>br</strong> />
0,1 - 0,9<<strong>br</strong> />
0,9 - 0,95<<strong>br</strong> />
Solo<<strong>br</strong> />
Deserto<<strong>br</strong> />
Floresta<<strong>br</strong> />
Urbano<<strong>br</strong> />
0,9 - 0,98<<strong>br</strong> />
0,84 - 0,91<<strong>br</strong> />
0,95 - 0,97<<strong>br</strong> />
0,85 - 0,87<<strong>br</strong> />
e<<strong>br</strong> />
= ε B<<strong>br</strong> />
λ λ λ,T
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Ângulo Sólido<<strong>br</strong> />
2<<strong>br</strong> />
s s s<<strong>br</strong> />
dΩ=<<strong>br</strong> />
dA<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
dA = ( r dθ )( r senθdφ)<<strong>br</strong> />
= r senθdθdφ<<strong>br</strong> />
dΩ=<<strong>br</strong> />
senθ dθdφ<<strong>br</strong> />
s<<strong>br</strong> />
2<<strong>br</strong> />
s<<strong>br</strong> />
2ππ<<strong>br</strong> />
Ω= ∫dΩ= ∫∫senθ dθdφ<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
0 0<<strong>br</strong> />
4π<<strong>br</strong> />
Radiância<<strong>br</strong> />
dE<<strong>br</strong> />
λ<<strong>br</strong> />
= IλdΩ E 4π<<strong>br</strong> />
I<<strong>br</strong> />
−2<<strong>br</strong> />
λ<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
λ Wm<<strong>br</strong> />
( µ m)
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Iradiância espectral<<strong>br</strong> />
dF = I cos dΩ<<strong>br</strong> />
λ λ<<strong>br</strong> />
θ<<strong>br</strong> />
F = π I = π B<<strong>br</strong> />
λ λ λ,T<<strong>br</strong> />
λ <<strong>br</strong> />
p<<strong>br</strong> />
2897<<strong>br</strong> />
T( K)
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Lei de Stefan-Boltzmann<<strong>br</strong> />
∞<<strong>br</strong> />
F π B dλ σ T<<strong>br</strong> />
= = ∫<<strong>br</strong> />
b λ,<<strong>br</strong> />
T B<<strong>br</strong> />
0<<strong>br</strong> />
σ<<strong>br</strong> />
B<<strong>br</strong> />
4 4<<strong>br</strong> />
2kBπ<<strong>br</strong> />
= = 5,67 10<<strong>br</strong> />
3 2<<strong>br</strong> />
15hc<<strong>br</strong> />
4<<strong>br</strong> />
Wm K<<strong>br</strong> />
−8 −2 −4<<strong>br</strong> />
Albedo a=SW /SW<<strong>br</strong> />
Tipo de superfície<<strong>br</strong> />
Albedo<<strong>br</strong> />
Tipo de superfície<<strong>br</strong> />
Albedo<<strong>br</strong> />
Água liquida<<strong>br</strong> />
Asfalto<<strong>br</strong> />
Nuvens<<strong>br</strong> />
Grama<<strong>br</strong> />
0,05 - 0,20<<strong>br</strong> />
0,05 - 0,20<<strong>br</strong> />
0,40 - 0,70<<strong>br</strong> />
0,16 – 0,26<<strong>br</strong> />
Solo<<strong>br</strong> />
Deserto<<strong>br</strong> />
Floresta<<strong>br</strong> />
Urbano<<strong>br</strong> />
0,05 - 0,20<<strong>br</strong> />
0,20 - 0,40<<strong>br</strong> />
0,10 - 0,25<<strong>br</strong> />
0,10 - 0,27
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Absorção dos principais gases<<strong>br</strong> />
SW<<strong>br</strong> />
12<<strong>br</strong> />
SW<<strong>br</strong> />
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Caminho Ótico, Espessura Ótica<<strong>br</strong> />
σ = σ + σ + ... + σn<<strong>br</strong> />
Coeficiente de extinção espectral de radiação 1, 2, ,<<strong>br</strong> />
λ λ λ λ<<strong>br</strong> />
dz = cos( θ ) dSb = µ<<strong>br</strong> />
sdSb<<strong>br</strong> />
µ = cos( θ )<<strong>br</strong> />
s<<strong>br</strong> />
b<<strong>br</strong> />
dτ =− σ dz =−σ µ dS<<strong>br</strong> />
λ λ λ<<strong>br</strong> />
s<<strong>br</strong> />
b<<strong>br</strong> />
τ = 0<<strong>br</strong> />
z = ∞ S b<<strong>br</strong> />
=∞<<strong>br</strong> />
z<<strong>br</strong> />
τλ = ∫σλdz<<strong>br</strong> />
= ∫σ λµ<<strong>br</strong> />
sdS<<strong>br</strong> />
∞<<strong>br</strong> />
s b<<strong>br</strong> />
∞<<strong>br</strong> />
b<<strong>br</strong> />
dz,<<strong>br</strong> />
dτ<<strong>br</strong> />
θ b<<strong>br</strong> />
τ = τ<<strong>br</strong> />
dS b<<strong>br</strong> />
z = 0 Sb<<strong>br</strong> />
= 0
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
Equação de transferência radiativa<<strong>br</strong> />
dI ( , )<<strong>br</strong> />
ν<<strong>br</strong> />
τ µ<<strong>br</strong> />
µ = Iν<<strong>br</strong> />
τ , µ −Bν<<strong>br</strong> />
T<<strong>br</strong> />
dτ<<strong>br</strong> />
Equação de aquecimento radiativo<<strong>br</strong> />
( ) ( )<<strong>br</strong> />
dI ( , )<<strong>br</strong> />
ν<<strong>br</strong> />
τ −µ<<strong>br</strong> />
− µ = Iν<<strong>br</strong> />
τ , −µ<<strong>br</strong> />
−Bν<<strong>br</strong> />
T<<strong>br</strong> />
dτ<<strong>br</strong> />
( ) ( )<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛∂T<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞ 1 ⎛dQ dQ ⎞ 1 ∂F<<strong>br</strong> />
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ + ⎟ =<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝ ∂t ⎠ c ⎝ dt dt ⎠ c ∂z<<strong>br</strong> />
solar ar n<<strong>br</strong> />
r p p<<strong>br</strong> />
2<<strong>br</strong> />
Fn<<strong>br</strong> />
( Wm − )<<strong>br</strong> />
É o saldo de radiação
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong>
<strong>Radiação</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> e <strong>Terrestre</strong><<strong>br</strong> />
LACIS, A.A. HANSEN, J.E. Parametrization for to the absorption of <strong>Solar</strong> radiation<<strong>br</strong> />
in the earth’s atmosphere. Journal of the Atmospheric sciences. V. 31, January, 118-<<strong>br</strong> />
133. 1972. [Texto PDF ver link: Anexo-MNA-modulo03e ]<<strong>br</strong> />
SAVUARVI, H. Fast radiation parameterization schemes for mesoscale and shortrange<<strong>br</strong> />
forecast models. Journal of Applied Meteorology. V. 29. June. 436-447. 1990.<<strong>br</strong> />
[Texto PDF ver link: Anexo-MNA-modulo03f ]<<strong>br</strong> />
JACOBSON, M.Z. Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling. Cam<strong>br</strong>idge University<<strong>br</strong> />
Press. 1999.<<strong>br</strong> />
LIOU, KUO-NAN. An introduction to atmospheric radiation. Academic Press. 1980