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Борис В. Васильев Сверхтекучесть и Сверхпроводимость

Борис В. Васильев
Сверхтекучесть и Сверхпроводимость

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 ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ òåîðåìîé âèðèàëà [46], êóëîíîâñêàÿ<br />

÷àñòèöà, ñîâåðøàþùàÿ ôèíèòíîå äâèæåíèå<br />

äîëæíà èìåòü ïîòåíöèàëüíóþ ýíåðãèþ E p ,<br />

ñâÿçàííóþ ñ êèíåòè÷åñêîé E k , ïðîñòûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì<br />

|E p | = 2E k .<br />

 ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ïîëó÷àåì, ÷òî àìïëèòóäà íóëåâûõ<br />

êîëåáàíèé ýëåêòðîíà â ÿ÷åéêå ñ ó÷åòîì<br />

èñïîëüçîâàííûõ äîïóùåíèé ðàâíà:<br />

(61) a 0 ≃ √ 2λ F a B .<br />

Îòñþäà ýíåðãèÿ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ äèïîëåé, êîòîðàÿ<br />

îáúåäèíÿåò ÷àñòèöû â óïîðÿäî÷åííîì êîíäåíñàòå<br />

íóëåâûõ êîëåáàíèé ýëåêòðîííîãî ãàçà,<br />

(62) ∆ 0 ≡ H ′ = 18π 3 α 3e2 a B<br />

λ 2 ,<br />

F<br />

çäåñü α = 1<br />

137<br />

- ïîñòîÿííàÿ òîíêîé ñòðóêòóðû.<br />

Ñðàâíèâàÿ ýíåðãèþ ñâÿçè ñ ýíåðãèåé Ôåðìè<br />

(57), ïîëó÷àåì<br />

(63)<br />

∆ 0<br />

E F<br />

= 9πα 3 ≃ 1.1 · 10 −5 .<br />

Ïðåäïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî êðèòè÷åñêàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà,<br />

íèæå êîòîðîé âîçìîæíî ñóùåñòâîâàíèå òàêîãî<br />

êîíäåíñàòà, ïðèìåðíî ðàâíà<br />

(64) T c ≃ 1 ∆ 0<br />

2 k<br />

99

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