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Björnen i Sverige En rapport från Skandinaviska ... - NINA

Björnen i Sverige En rapport från Skandinaviska ... - NINA

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INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING<br />

HISTORIK ..................................................................................................................................................1<br />

Koloniseringen av Skandinavien .....................................................................................................1<br />

Populationsutveckling sedan 1800-talet ..........................................................................................1<br />

NUVARANDE STATUS ................................................................................................................................2<br />

Utbredning.......................................................................................................................................2<br />

Rovdjursobservationer och relativa tätheter ....................................................................................3<br />

Populationsuppskattning..................................................................................................................4<br />

FYSISKA ATTRIBUT....................................................................................................................................5<br />

FÖDA.........................................................................................................................................................6<br />

BETEENDE.................................................................................................................................................8<br />

Hemområden ...................................................................................................................................8<br />

Dygnsrytm .......................................................................................................................................9<br />

Habitatval ......................................................................................................................................11<br />

Vintersömn och idesvistelse ..........................................................................................................12<br />

Utvandring.....................................................................................................................................14<br />

Social organisering bland honor ....................................................................................................15<br />

<strong>Björnen</strong>s parningssystem...............................................................................................................16<br />

REPRODUKTION.......................................................................................................................................16<br />

Dräktighetsperioden ......................................................................................................................16<br />

Kullstorlek och intervall ................................................................................................................17<br />

Ålder vid första och sista reproduktion .........................................................................................18<br />

DÖDLIGHET.............................................................................................................................................19<br />

Dödsorsaker...................................................................................................................................19<br />

Sexuellt Selekterat Infanticid (SSI) (dråp av ungar)......................................................................21<br />

POPULATIONENS LIVSKRAFTIGHET..........................................................................................................22<br />

Demografisk livskraftighet ............................................................................................................23<br />

Genetisk livskraftighet...................................................................................................................23<br />

FÖRHÅLLANDET MELLAN BJÖRN OCH MÄNNISKA....................................................................................24<br />

Effekt av jakt (legal och illegal) på den svenska björnstammen....................................................25<br />

Effekten av vägar och bebyggelse på björnens utbredning ...........................................................27<br />

Skador på tamdjur och bin orsakade av björn................................................................................28<br />

<strong>Björnen</strong>s effekt på rennäringen......................................................................................................30<br />

<strong>Björnen</strong>s inverkan på jaktuttag av älg ...........................................................................................31<br />

Vilken fara utgör björnen för människor? .....................................................................................32<br />

FRAMTIDSSCENARIO ...............................................................................................................................34<br />

BIBLIOGRAFI ...........................................................................................................................................37<br />

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