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This is the story of <strong>RH</strong><br />
1977–2017<br />
<strong>RH</strong>evolution<br />
A company from Småland<br />
started by one man with a vision
The story of a revolution<br />
in the working life of Swedes,<br />
and the <strong>history</strong> of a company<br />
in constant evolution<br />
revolution<br />
2
evolution<br />
3
evolution<br />
4
People from the southern Swedish province of Småland see<br />
opportunities where no one else does. The people of Småland<br />
know the importance of being frugal with resources and are<br />
happy to collaborate with those who take a similar view.<br />
With a good concept and a little collaboration, people from<br />
Småland can achieve almost anything. This is the story of<br />
<strong>RH</strong>. A company from Småland that began with one man<br />
and his vision, but that soon grew into an entire family. An<br />
extended, committed and borderless family that today includes<br />
employees, suppliers and retailers around the world.<br />
revolution<br />
5
evolution<br />
The years before <strong>RH</strong>, 1927–1976 ......................... 8<br />
United Sheds Ltd, 1977–1991 ............................ 12<br />
An ergonomic revolution ............................... 22<br />
<strong>RH</strong> stands for responsiveness ........................... 26<br />
Sky-high with Professor Tvedt........................... 28<br />
From Stone Age and Ergonomics to Human Factors. ....... 30<br />
Chairs for every task ................................... 33<br />
You never had to leave United Sheds Ltd hungry ........... 34<br />
A happy supplier is a good supplier ...................... 39<br />
High-service retailers .................................. 41<br />
History timeline....................................... 42<br />
evolution<br />
New generation, new markets, 1991–2007 ................ 47<br />
Jörgen Josefsson....................................... 48<br />
Olgica Pezin .......................................... 50<br />
<strong>RH</strong> and sustainability .................................. 52<br />
Berndt Axelsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />
Thomas Hofvenstam .................................. 56<br />
Jan Tore Iversen ...................................... 58<br />
Product timeline ...................................... 60<br />
Turnover ........................................... 65
evolution<br />
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evolution<br />
revolution<br />
9
Sa du göra stola?<br />
Dä kan en la’nte leva på?<br />
You’re going to make chairs?<br />
You can’t make a living from that!<br />
revolution<br />
10
“My name is Rolf Holstensson. I was born on<br />
17 November 1927 on a sofa-bed in the family home.<br />
My parents were Astrid and Holsten. We lived in<br />
Tranås, in a house called Holmen. At birth, I weighed<br />
only 1.7 kg and measured 49 cm from top to toe.<br />
I was born 2 months early. At the time, becoming<br />
pregnant out of wedlock was very much frowned<br />
upon. My parents were married on 15 October and,<br />
until then, my mother tightened her corset so that it<br />
would not be apparent that she was pregnant. That<br />
was probably why I was born so early. The incubator<br />
had not yet been invented, so my first bed was a shoe<br />
box filled with cotton wadding.”<br />
“My father, Holsten, worked at the office furniture<br />
factory in Tranås. His salary was a meagre SEK 27<br />
per week. For that, he had to work a 48-hour week.”<br />
Rolf Holstensson 1927–2011<br />
“In the autumn of 1928, we moved to another address.<br />
Our new home was on the third floor at Norrgatan 5,<br />
with an outhouse and woodshed out in the yard. The<br />
apartment had two rooms and a kitchen with an<br />
iron stove for cooking and tiled stoves for heating.<br />
The only convenience was a cold water tap. There<br />
was virtually no insulation. The plate roof made it<br />
extremely hot in the summer and, in the winter, we<br />
had to keep the fires stoked all night to keep warm. I<br />
remember many mornings when the water had frozen<br />
in the sink and the windows were completely<br />
frosted over. But I was happy in that house and lived<br />
there until I was 20.”<br />
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11
The years before <strong>RH</strong> (1927–1977)<br />
“It was so cold in the mornings that you had to break<br />
the ice in the sink.” Rolf Holstensson grew up in a<br />
Sweden very different from today and he occasionally<br />
took the opportunity to remind younger colleagues<br />
at <strong>RH</strong> of this. The safe and comfortable life in a<br />
detached house in Bodafors with rolls for breakfast<br />
and pastries with Friday morning coffee would probably<br />
have been impossible to imagine just 50 years<br />
earlier. His own journey – from a Spartan tenement<br />
in Tranås, to his own successful enterprise in health<br />
and well-being – reflected a changing society. <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
<strong>history</strong> is also the story of the emerging, modern<br />
Sweden.<br />
Contagious creativity<br />
Rolf ’s father Holsten had a lifetime of experience<br />
from the furniture workshops of Tranås – experience<br />
that would prove invaluable. From his grandfather,<br />
Josef, a mason, Rolf inherited an innovative<br />
vein. A joy in creating that Rolf passed on to his sons<br />
Peter and Lasse, and that also infected the employees<br />
of the future <strong>RH</strong>. The poorly insulated tenement<br />
where Rolf grew up would also prove to be an asset<br />
– and of great importance in the emergence of <strong>RH</strong>.<br />
The house was owned and lived in by furniture manufacturer<br />
KG Andersson, whose grandchild Tore<br />
Kågen became Rolf ’s best friend and later manager<br />
and business partner.<br />
Rolf ’s schooling was not the smoothest. It was<br />
mainly his training in languages that fell by the<br />
wayside and throughout his life, Rolf regretted his<br />
poor command of languages. But what he lacked in<br />
grammar, he made up for with action.<br />
A spell in the pelt business<br />
Rolf ’s upbringing came to be characterised by uneven<br />
and often declining economic conditions, with<br />
his father Holsten being forced to switch between<br />
different jobs – sometimes in other towns. Although<br />
his teens were spent in the shadow of World War II,<br />
Rolf kept himself fully employed, as was his inclination.<br />
Beyond his numerous extra jobs, he devoted<br />
what little free time remained to the scout movement.<br />
There was great camaraderie and Rolf enjoyed<br />
his assignment as a scout leader. It was perhaps then<br />
and there that the foundations were laid for his future<br />
leadership and what the employees still call the<br />
“<strong>RH</strong> Spirit”?<br />
It was in the pelt business that Rolf got his first job<br />
– as a furrier. He completed his apprenticeship in<br />
the spring of 1949 and got a job in Karlstad. His<br />
time in Karlstad was significant in many ways. Rolf<br />
got the chance to develop, his self-confidence grew<br />
and he dared take his own initiatives. It was also<br />
here, at a dance by Sundstatjärn Lake, that he met<br />
his future wife Anita.<br />
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12
New to office furniture<br />
In 1954, Rolf and Anita moved home to Tranås and<br />
the family grew with the birth of sons Peter and<br />
Lasse. Rolf started a new job as a travelling salesman<br />
in the fur industry – a demanding job that was not<br />
made any easier by the slipped disc he had suffered<br />
helping his brother-in-law break up rocks. He was<br />
signed off work for a whole autumn. He was unable<br />
to sit, had difficulty walking, was confined to hospital<br />
and bore a cast. It took him many months to get<br />
better. Sitting driving long distances on sales trips<br />
was torture. More than anyone, Rolf Holstensson<br />
knew how it feels to sit in a chair with back pain.<br />
In the autumn of 1961, Rolf began to tire, both of<br />
being on the road and of the fur business. He confided<br />
in his childhood friend Tore, by then President<br />
of furniture manufacturer Kågen AB. It turned<br />
out that Tore was establishing a new sales office in<br />
Malmö. A little nervously, Rolf accepted the assignment.<br />
“I knew nothing about office furniture, and<br />
nothing about Malmö.” His father, Holsten, stepped<br />
up, teaching Rolf everything he knew about furniture<br />
and furniture making. In 1962, the Holstensson<br />
family moved to Malmö.<br />
The road to Bodafors<br />
Ten eventful years ensued. The collaboration<br />
between Rolf and Tore progressed well, the company<br />
flourished and Rolf enjoyed designing new products.<br />
Some of them were manufactured with Tore’s<br />
help. In 1968, however, Tore died unexpectedly and<br />
the company gained new management. The climate<br />
changed, the collaboration no longer worked as<br />
smoothly and came to a definitive end when Rolf ’s<br />
concept for a new, innovative range of office furniture<br />
was rejected. Rolf resigned and started his own<br />
company together with colleagues CG Figge and<br />
Claes Göran Idegård. The latter had just acquired a<br />
bankrupt factory in Bodafors, known better as Aski.<br />
The trio ran Aski successfully until 1975 when the<br />
company went bankrupt – on the day that Rolf and<br />
Anita had moved into their new house in Bodafors.<br />
Parts of the business were sold to Dux, which also<br />
had a factory in Bodafors (and later chose to rename<br />
its former Aski operations as Morgana). Rolf<br />
secured a new job at Dux. His employment contract<br />
included the rights to sell and manufacture a number<br />
of office chairs that Aski had sold but failed to<br />
deliver.<br />
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Peter and Lasse Holstensson.<br />
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15
United Sheds Ltd (1977–1993)<br />
The first chairs were manufactured in the Holstensson<br />
family garage. Rolf registered a trading company<br />
to buy parts for his first order and the deal broke<br />
even. At the same time, he continued to work full<br />
time with product development and marketing at<br />
Morgana.<br />
It was now the mid-1970s and working life in<br />
Sweden was changing. The number of administrative<br />
jobs had increased sharply and many worked at<br />
typewriters and data terminals, causing an increase<br />
in work-related injuries; a fact that could not be ignored<br />
by the welfare society. Demand for ergonomically<br />
adapted tables and chairs was considerable and<br />
Rolf had extensive contacts with physiotherapists<br />
and ergonomists. Then and there, the idea was born<br />
of developing ergonomic chairs that provide good<br />
support for the body and that are easy to use. Rolf ’s<br />
persistent slipped disc had given him insight into<br />
the issue, while he also recognised that the need for<br />
good ergonomic chairs would only increase in pace<br />
with office work.<br />
A clear vision<br />
“The fact that this notion was born from Rolf ’s own<br />
need – that he himself suffered from back pain and<br />
lacked a good chair to sit on, is part of the truth.<br />
But that’s probably not the whole story – Rolf was<br />
very much an entrepreneur and always open to new<br />
ideas. I think he also saw the opportunity for good<br />
business,” says Nichlas Axelsson, today project manager<br />
in IT applications, who has worked at <strong>RH</strong><br />
since 1987.<br />
“One of Rolf ’s ‘superpowers’ was his clarity. He was<br />
extremely clear about what he wanted – both concerning<br />
the company’s vision and the purposes of<br />
the various products. Everyone in the organisation<br />
knew the score precisely. <strong>RH</strong>’s success built on this<br />
clarity of thought – a notion that was easy to convey<br />
and to argue for. And it was just as easy for the target<br />
group to take it on board.”<br />
Rolf gained the inspiration for the first product, <strong>RH</strong><br />
191, through an exchange of ideas with physiotherapists<br />
and ergonomists. The 190 series offered a hassle-free<br />
customised seating position. The height and<br />
pitch of the backrest was regulated by a gas spring<br />
and the angle of the seat could be adjusted with a<br />
simple mounting. Rolf sourced the necessary mountings,<br />
that is, the actual mechanisms, and other details<br />
suited to the purpose, from German suppliers.<br />
A visit to a trade fair, an exciting conversation with<br />
a retailer or supplier could be enough for a new idea<br />
to be developed, Nichlas recalls. “Rolf was a great<br />
networker. He was open to everything and everyone<br />
– he saw the ideas as they passed by, and eagerly<br />
absorbed new impressions.” Rolf ’s son, Peter Holstensson,<br />
has a similar image of his father:<br />
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Peter and Rolf Holstensson in action in Bodafors.<br />
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The first <strong>RH</strong> head office. The narrow door from the street made deliveries a bit tricky.<br />
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18
“It sometimes happened that Dad was asked what<br />
training he had. Typically, he would respond: ‘I have<br />
no education – but I have imagination!’”<br />
All hands on deck!<br />
It was in 1977 that the wheels really got rolling.<br />
Good relations with suppliers and dealers allowed<br />
the <strong>RH</strong> 191 to be released quickly and, relatively<br />
soon, <strong>RH</strong> was represented at all Swedish healthcare<br />
centres. At the same time, Rolf ’s employers at Morgana<br />
realised that a complete office furniture range<br />
required the inclusion of office chairs. Accordingly,<br />
a cooperation agreement was signed, meaning that<br />
chairs from <strong>RH</strong> would be included in Morgana’s catalogue.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> retained the right to sell through other<br />
retailers and sales quickly grew.<br />
But the auditor had something to say. Good order<br />
was needed in the form of a limited liability company.<br />
Accordingly, <strong>RH</strong> was born, with all members<br />
of the Holstensson family as shareholders. At the<br />
same time, Peter, who just finished his military<br />
service, joined the company full-time. He became<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s first employee – Lasse joined the business a<br />
few years later. The overdraft facility was financed by<br />
mortgaging the family home – a move that, truth be<br />
known, violated Rolf ’s principles. <strong>RH</strong>’s continued<br />
expansion would be financed only through earning<br />
– not loans. Rolf was still employed at Morgana –<br />
and remained so until 1983. This meant that the rest<br />
of the Holstensson family had to assume considerable<br />
responsibility for <strong>RH</strong>. Anita handled the office<br />
work and drove backrests and seats to the upholsterer<br />
in Vetlanda. Rolf, Peter and Lasse assembled<br />
the chairs and managed goods and distribution. To<br />
meet demand, people from the area were brought in<br />
to help in their spare time. Peter and Lasse’s friends<br />
helped out too.<br />
United Sheds Ltd<br />
From the very outset, the need for premises was an<br />
issue. Almost immediately, the Holstensson family<br />
garage grew too small. Instead, the solution was<br />
a small business premises of just 80 square meters<br />
with a narrow door from the street. When the business<br />
began to gain momentum in 1976, the Holstensson<br />
family rented premises in Forsberg’s abandoned<br />
brush factory. The municipality agreed to rent<br />
the premises out inexpensively – albeit in terrible<br />
condition. Bodafors Sportklubb helped with the renovation<br />
in exchange for sponsorship. By 1981, <strong>RH</strong><br />
had again outgrown its home and acquired Eksjöshus’<br />
former premises – providing only just enough<br />
space. Over the ensuing decade, extensions were<br />
built or the company moved more or less annually.<br />
“<strong>RH</strong> was referred to by the playful name ‘United<br />
Sheds Ltd’ (Swedish ‘AB Förenade Skjul’). Because<br />
we were growing so much, we had to find new premises<br />
or extend all the time,” says Marie Wågesson,<br />
employee number 7, today Area Sales Manager in<br />
Exports. “I was employed as an office clerk in 1981. I<br />
have continued working at the company ever since,<br />
and have had the opportunity to develop in different<br />
duties. I believe that’s why so many have chosen<br />
to stay. Working at <strong>RH</strong> has never been boring.<br />
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19
No one had any hesitation when the company moved<br />
to Nässjö. Everyone came along.” By 1992, the<br />
numerous different premises had made work logistically<br />
unsustainable. <strong>RH</strong> needed new spaces for rational<br />
production and future expansion. When Göte<br />
Möbler in Nässjö went bankrupt, <strong>RH</strong> was offered<br />
the opportunity to buy. The transaction succeeded<br />
and, for the first time since the outset – and that<br />
first overdraft facility – Rolf was forced to pay with<br />
borrowed money.<br />
“It was exciting to see how the move would be received,<br />
as most employees lived in Bodafors. It went<br />
down very well and everyone was prepared to commute,”<br />
Rolf said, relieved.<br />
In 1992, <strong>RH</strong> took its new spacious premises in use, meaning the business had to move from Bodafors to Nässjö.<br />
revolution<br />
20
Stockholm<br />
Nässjö<br />
Bodafors
From trading to in-house development<br />
From the outset, <strong>RH</strong>’s chairs were trading products.<br />
Parts from different suppliers were sourced and assembled<br />
according to Rolf ’s concepts. Mountings,<br />
gas springs and other details were mainly supplied<br />
by German producers. In 1984, <strong>RH</strong> signed an agreement<br />
with a German manufacturer to supply parts<br />
for a completely new chair: the <strong>RH</strong> 2000. The chair<br />
was unique in its category and summed up <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
concept in a nutshell. It offered superior setting options,<br />
but was nonetheless easily adjusted. All of the<br />
different functions could be controlled with a single<br />
lever. It was also right for the times in terms of its<br />
design. The <strong>RH</strong> 2000 achieved success in the market,<br />
with more than 60,000 chairs being sold over<br />
the ensuing six years.<br />
Rolf had always been responsible for product development,<br />
but when Lasse joined the company, the<br />
innovation process gained an extra boost. Lasse took<br />
the view that <strong>RH</strong> should develop its own mountings<br />
and welded a prototype. After a brief search,<br />
he found a supplier in the form of Diac Metall in<br />
Taberg. The collaboration offered the opportunity<br />
for <strong>RH</strong> to manufacture its own fittings without having<br />
to set up a metal workshop of its own. When<br />
the German subcontractor of mountings for <strong>RH</strong> 191<br />
began to cause difficulties, it was possible to easily<br />
replace them with <strong>RH</strong>’s own mountings.<br />
Eventually, Lasse’s product development made <strong>RH</strong><br />
independent of the German suppliers. This was also<br />
a salvation when the successful <strong>RH</strong> 2000 chair hit<br />
major difficulties. The chair proved to have major<br />
quality issues – primarily with the gas springs, which<br />
did not last. Oddly enough, customers bought the<br />
chair nonetheless – but <strong>RH</strong> gradually began to phase<br />
it out in favour of the Logic 3, another innovative<br />
chair based on new ergonomic findings in collaboration<br />
with the Norwegian physician, Professor<br />
Tvedt. The Logic family was launched in 1989 and<br />
became <strong>RH</strong>’s icon.<br />
“When we began manufacturing our own mountings,<br />
we were forced to start charging a higher<br />
price for the chairs. Naturally, we did not produce<br />
mountings in series nearly as large as the German<br />
manufacturer did. That caused me an upset stomach<br />
a few times. But the hope was that our customers<br />
would be prepared to pay for improved quality and<br />
function. And they were,” Lasse Holstensson recalls.<br />
Coffee party and major customers<br />
In 1982, Peter moved to Stockholm, where he opened<br />
an office in Kungsholmen. One of his first moves<br />
was to call Stockholm County Council’s health<br />
centres. It turned out they were holding a conference<br />
– and were keen to <strong>book</strong> a visit that same afternoon!<br />
Peter and Rolf squeezed 20 physiotherapists into<br />
the small room, offered them coffee and demonstrated<br />
their chairs. The coffee was strong and black, the<br />
atmosphere good and many of the contacts established<br />
that day lasted for the rest of their careers. Maintaining<br />
a presence in the capital made it possible<br />
to handle service-intensive companies with sizeable<br />
needs for ergonomic chairs. Over the next few years,<br />
revolution<br />
22
agreements were signed with Astra, Bankgirot, IBM<br />
and, ultimately, even with the Swedish Government<br />
through the Swedish Defence Material Administration<br />
FMV. In 1990, a partnership was initiated<br />
with Finnish office furniture company Martela and<br />
this was to be of great importance for <strong>RH</strong>’s further<br />
development. All customer enquiries were met with<br />
curiosity and enthusiasm.<br />
“We had built our assembly process in a way that<br />
afforded us a unique opportunity for flexibility and<br />
customisation. If the customer had a particular request,<br />
we were able to accommodate it. This was a<br />
major competitive advantage,” Lasse says. As business<br />
grew, <strong>RH</strong> switched to new premises. First<br />
to Folkungagatan, then to Swedenborgsgatan.“In<br />
1997, we gathered our courage and opened a large,<br />
much-visited showroom on Regeringsgatan, at<br />
the heart of the hottest cluster of office furniture<br />
showrooms and only a stone’s throw from our largest<br />
competitor,” Peter says.<br />
“Personally, my time at <strong>RH</strong> was all about development.<br />
It was very satisfying to be involved in developing<br />
the company and brand and advancing their<br />
positions. But <strong>RH</strong> also gave me the opportunity to<br />
develop on a personal level, to grow with the challenges.”<br />
revolution<br />
23
evolution<br />
24
The three of us made a good team.<br />
Dad had the experience and the<br />
contacts. Peter was talented in<br />
marketing and had a sense of colour<br />
and form, as well as an instinct<br />
for sales. And I enjoyed getting<br />
involved in product development<br />
and matters of ergonomics.<br />
Lasse Holstensson
An ergonomic revolution<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was not actually the first. But <strong>RH</strong> had the most stamina. By sticking to its principles,<br />
the brand became an innovative market leader in ergonomic seating.<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s business concept was clear. The company would<br />
produce ergonomically designed office and work<br />
chairs that were so easy to use that people would<br />
actually use them properly. The <strong>RH</strong> 191 was launched<br />
in 1977 and built on the insights and knowledge<br />
Rolf Holstensson had acquired in collaboration<br />
with Swedish ergonomists and physiotherapists.<br />
What was new about this chair was that the height<br />
and backrest tilt could be regulated with a gas spring,<br />
while the seat angle could be adjusted with a single<br />
control. Although <strong>RH</strong> was not the first to offer a<br />
chair like this, through its early and clear choice of<br />
direction, the company became a leader in the area.<br />
Through contacts at retailer Inredningshuset in Bodafors,<br />
Rolf managed to have the chair introduced to<br />
Jönköping County Council. The first order consisted<br />
of 15 chairs for two health centres. An invitation to<br />
present the chairs to the Rygginstitutet back pain<br />
treatment centre together with Aski was a success<br />
and <strong>RH</strong> soon had access to a national sales organisation<br />
to all healthcare centres across Sweden. Together<br />
with its retailers, <strong>RH</strong> travelled the length and breadth<br />
of the country arranging popular “Ergonomics<br />
Dinners” for physiotherapists and health and safety<br />
technicians. The development process continued, and<br />
gradually, the seating philosophy still embraced by<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was formed. Instead of forcing the body to adjust<br />
to the chair, the chair would adjust to the body. An<br />
<strong>RH</strong> chair provides support and relief in an upright<br />
position, while following the natural motion of the<br />
body. A basic feature is that the chair’s joints agree<br />
with the body’s knee and hip joints – the so-called<br />
2PP philosophy. The concept was easy to explain.<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s sales people were in the habit of bringing along<br />
a simple cut-out doll, with legs articulated by paper<br />
fasteners, which they used to demonstrate the chair<br />
to customers – in a straightforward and educational<br />
manner. For many, however, the matter was settled as<br />
soon as they sat in the chair. Choosing a chair from<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was largely about the feeling – to put it simply,<br />
they were naturally comfortable. In cases where <strong>RH</strong><br />
had the opportunity to leave a test chair with a customer,<br />
it frequently won the procurement.<br />
The possibility of easily adjusting the chair to each<br />
user’s needs was one of <strong>RH</strong>’s strongest arguments. The<br />
key to success lay with the patents developed by Lasse<br />
Holstensson, which helped keep competitors at bay.<br />
Most importantly, the adjustable mechanism, enabling<br />
infinite settings, and the Logic patent, with double gas<br />
cylinders between seat and backrest, provided a solution<br />
that worked in the same way as a gearbox.<br />
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26
evolution<br />
27
The Swedish automotive industry was<br />
an early adopter of driver ergonomics.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> has operated in the same spirit as<br />
Volvo and Saab. We also had a very<br />
rewarding exchange with the Saab<br />
development team.<br />
Lasse Holstensson<br />
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28
The broad <strong>RH</strong> range offered an ergonomic sitting solution for every type of work.
<strong>RH</strong> stands for responsiveness<br />
“When I first saw the <strong>RH</strong> 2000, I thought it was brilliant. You understood exactly how the<br />
chair was meant to be used” says Tone Petrelius, one of the many physiotherapists who led<br />
the Swedish ergonomics revolution.<br />
Throughout her professional career in the field<br />
of ergonomics – as a physiotherapist at insurance<br />
company Folksam and the government-run health<br />
agency, Statshälsan (later Previa), as an ergonomics<br />
project leader at TCO Development and running<br />
her own business, - Tone Petrelius has closely followed<br />
developments in working life.<br />
“I started working as a physiotherapist in 1971 and<br />
I thought I was good at what I did. My patients’<br />
health improved. It was just that those who worked<br />
in offices returned rather quickly. I – and, of course,<br />
hundreds of other physiotherapists – realized that<br />
working with rehabilitation alone was not enough.<br />
We had to work preventively,” says Tone.<br />
“An increasing number of us began to apply for<br />
jobs at companies, to see how people worked and to<br />
identify solutions.”<br />
“Initially, it was all the ladies sitting at typewriters<br />
who had problems. Later, as computer and terminal<br />
work increased, the focus came to be on the entire<br />
workplace – from keyboards to monitors and computer<br />
mice. We came to work with both load ergonomics<br />
and visual ergonomics.” “After a few years, I<br />
got a job at insurance company Folksam, which was<br />
when I came into contact with <strong>RH</strong>, as well as several<br />
of their peers, including HÅG. It was the golden<br />
age of ergonomics, and we ergonomists worked with<br />
the manufacturers.”<br />
“Rolf Holstensson was a listener,” Tone explains.<br />
“He had a kind of ‘wide-angle hearing’ and a great<br />
ability to pick up on people’s wishes and needs.<br />
If we had any notions about how sitting could be<br />
made more versatile, Rolf listened, went home and<br />
developed, and came back with a suggestion. When<br />
<strong>RH</strong> started making chairs that followed the motion<br />
of the body, it was a revelation for us.” When Tone<br />
started work at Statshälsan/Previa, she began by assessing<br />
the ergonomic suitability of products.<br />
“Naturally we received many chairs for testing, but<br />
I still remember when the <strong>RH</strong> 2000 arrived – it was<br />
included in the framework of <strong>RH</strong> Form’s agreement<br />
with the Swedish Defence Material Administration<br />
FMV. It was adjusted with a single, joystick-style<br />
lever. This was pulled upwards to raise the chair<br />
and pushed down to lower it. If you wanted to lean<br />
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forward, you pushed the control forward and if you<br />
wanted to lean back, you pulled it backwards. It was<br />
that simple. I thought it was brilliant.”<br />
She continued to evaluate office furniture and office<br />
aids at TCO Development, which, with its “TCO<br />
Certified” label, helped promote Swedish ergonomic<br />
products around the world. One of them was<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s Logic chair. “In the process of certifying different<br />
products, we also had the opportunity to visit<br />
the manufacturers’ production facilities. I recall<br />
that <strong>RH</strong>’s early commitment to environmental issues<br />
was highly inspiring and caused us to regard<br />
the products from a new and broader perspective,<br />
encompassing both the individual and the environment.<br />
Naturally, ergonomics and sustainability go<br />
hand in hand.”<br />
<strong>RH</strong> 190<br />
<strong>RH</strong> 2000<br />
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Sky-high with Professor Tvedt<br />
With his knuckles clenched in his trench coat pockets, the eccentric Professor Tvedt was<br />
an unusual feature in the ergonomics scene of the 1980s. With the help of Tvedt’s groundbreaking<br />
research, <strong>RH</strong> transformed the hunched computer jockeys of the office into fighter pilots.<br />
In 1985, <strong>RH</strong> attended a trade fair in Oslo. Rolf happened<br />
to meet a Professor Tvedt there, one of the<br />
leading ergonomists in the Nordic region, and working<br />
as a health and safety physician at the Police<br />
Board in Oslo. Rolf was fascinated by Tvedt’s thinking<br />
on ergonomics, and he and Lasse embarked<br />
upon a study trip to Oslo.<br />
“Tvedt received us while he was working and in two<br />
hours we learnt more about ergonomics than we had<br />
in eight years,” Rolf said afterwards. “At the time,<br />
there were several authorities in ergonomics, but<br />
Tvedt stood out from the crowd. Most of his colleagues<br />
were focusing on the back and the pressure<br />
on the vertebrae, while Tvedt considered the entire<br />
body, including blood supply and how we oxygenate<br />
the blood,” says Lasse Holstensson.<br />
a new seat for the aircraft. These had a small cushion<br />
between the shoulder blades, offloading the shoulders,<br />
opening the chest and improving the pilots’ intake<br />
of oxygen. In doing so, he extended the pilots’<br />
flying time of 60 minutes to 70 minutes. It made<br />
me wonder – if that cushion could extend an hour<br />
by ten minutes, by how much could it extend a full<br />
workday?” Lasse says.<br />
The result was the “Tvedt cushion” on the<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Logic 3 – still one of the unique features of <strong>RH</strong><br />
chairs today.<br />
Professor Tvedt was also employed by the Norwegian<br />
Air Force with the purpose of improving<br />
the seating ergonomics in their F16 jets. “The pilots’<br />
bodies were exposed to strong forces in the jets, causing<br />
them to tire quickly. In cooperation with the<br />
Norwegian Air Force and NATO, Tvedt developed<br />
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evolution<br />
33
From Stone Age and Ergonomics<br />
to Human Factors<br />
Ergonomics has been a topic of human interest since the Stone Age.<br />
”It is time for a fresh approach”, says Bas van der Doelen, European Ergonomist for Flokk.<br />
“When humans started to work with tools, they in<br />
fact applied ergonomic solutions”, Bas explains.<br />
When handling stone axes, agriculture tools and,<br />
machines, we’ve been able to increase productivity,<br />
but we were still facing the challenges of pain and<br />
wear due to physical effort.<br />
Throughout the times, humans have developed different,<br />
more or less successful, solutions to these<br />
problems. The first intentional ergonomic strategies<br />
were implemented in the early 1900s, intended for<br />
people performing industrial work in a sitting position.<br />
When type writing and, later on, personal<br />
computers became the most common tool for office<br />
workers, the need emerged. In the 20st century ergonomics<br />
developed rapidly, resulting in several established,<br />
but different, applications and approaches.<br />
Bas himself has 15 years of experience in the field,<br />
as a researcher and a consultant. Working with the<br />
Dutch military he has conducted studies on how to<br />
optimize physical workload and working conditions<br />
for soldiers carrying equipment long distances. He<br />
has also worked as a freelance advisor and as ergonomic<br />
expert at <strong>RH</strong>s sister company BMA Ergonomics.<br />
During this time, Bas has also experienced<br />
a shift in paradigm as we’ve entered the digital age.<br />
A revolutionary change, that might be the death of<br />
ergonomics as we know it…<br />
“The field of ergonomics has traditionally focused<br />
on posture and what happens below our heads. This<br />
is no longer enough. Digitization and IT is changing<br />
how we are working and the ways we interact<br />
with and experience the world. Luckily we cannot<br />
separate our heads from our bodies, meaning we<br />
have to redefine the concept of ergonomics and find<br />
a more holistic approach. Today many choose to use<br />
the term Human Factors instead of ergonomics,<br />
embracing all the different ways we perform and interact<br />
with our environment.”<br />
This does not in anyway mean that known facts<br />
should be disregarded. An upright posture offering<br />
support and movement for back, hip and knees is<br />
the starting point when developing new solutions<br />
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for sitting in the new ways of working. The opportunity<br />
of sitting in an upright, supportive and active<br />
way during the workday is the key to human creativity<br />
and well being.<br />
“Of course, you shouldn’t sit all the time, but you<br />
shouldn’t stand all day either. The human body is<br />
made to move – and standing is not quite the same<br />
as moving around. Eventually, gravity will pull you<br />
down and you’ll get tired. For most people I would<br />
actually recommend more sitting than standing, as<br />
a suggestion in a ratio of 3 to 1.”<strong>RH</strong>’s philosophy is<br />
all about opening up the body’s different joint angles<br />
– e.g. knees, hips and arms – in order to provide<br />
support and freedom of movement.<br />
“This is very Scandinavian, based on solid biomechanical<br />
principles, in comparison to other idea’s about<br />
fixed postures like the proclaimed 90 degrees knee<br />
and hip and arm position. <strong>RH</strong> has in many ways<br />
been known as the ‘back problem solver’ but to me<br />
the <strong>RH</strong> chair is so much more. Yes, it is a very comfortable<br />
chair, but it has a unique way of working<br />
your whole body. It prevents you from collapsing,<br />
opens up the chest and gives you support between<br />
the shoulder blades. You feel supported by sitting<br />
in the chair not just on it” This posture facilitates<br />
breathing and relaxation.<br />
“You might think that breathing is all about feeding<br />
the brain with fresh oxygen. But the trick with the<br />
<strong>RH</strong> chair is the way that it allows you to breathe<br />
deep, all the way to the belly. This kind of deep, re-<br />
laxed and controlled breathing – like the breathing<br />
you aspire during a yoga session – promotes well being<br />
and reduce stress in a way that I think is more<br />
important than ever before.”<br />
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Ericsson<br />
Husqvarna<br />
Radio Sweden
Chairs for every task<br />
Ergonomics was lacking in all workplaces. <strong>RH</strong> was<br />
early to develop a broad range of chairs for different<br />
professional groups – from industrial fitters<br />
to dentists and hairdressers. <strong>RH</strong>’s chairs were also<br />
very popular in laboratories and at pharmaceutical<br />
companies. The first series of work chairs, Maxi, was<br />
launched in 1978 and has had many successors. Specially<br />
adapted work chairs are still an important part<br />
of <strong>RH</strong>’s offering, and customers include the London<br />
Underground, King and Riksidrottsförbundet.<br />
Swedish Sports Confederation<br />
King<br />
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37
You never had to leave<br />
United Sheds Ltd hungry<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was a family company. But the family included more than Rolf, Anita, Peter and Lasse Holstensson.<br />
The <strong>RH</strong> family embraced everyone – from employees to subcontractors and retailers.<br />
Lasse Ekberg, Janne Hjalmarsson, Susanne Persson,<br />
Claes Samuelsson and Kristina Svensson are a few<br />
of the employees who have been employed by <strong>RH</strong><br />
throughout their entire professional lives. A positive<br />
corporate culture and good companionship have laid<br />
the foundation for what they call the “<strong>RH</strong> Spirit”.<br />
“Working at <strong>RH</strong> was like being part of a big family.<br />
I think everyone felt hand-picked. And actually<br />
that’s how it was. If new people were needed,<br />
Rolf often asked us on staff if we could recommend<br />
anyone. The fact that we have been good colleagues<br />
and have had fun together has been very important.<br />
At <strong>RH</strong>, you could relax and be yourself,” says Kristina,<br />
and Claes agrees:<br />
“They really care about their staff. I was always confident<br />
that the Holstensson family did its utmost to<br />
ensure that our jobs were secure and that we were<br />
paid adequately. If we had to work overtime, which<br />
happened quite often, we were treated to Swedish<br />
sandwich gateau or something else tasty. You never<br />
had to leave United Sheds Ltd hungry.”<br />
“There was never any question about putting in that<br />
extra effort when needed. You weren’t just working<br />
for the company but for each other. And of course,<br />
we all wanted a job to go to,” says Lasse.<br />
One for all…<br />
The family spirit was expressed not only through<br />
pleasant pre-holiday gatherings in the summer,<br />
crayfish parties, Saint Lucy’s Day celebrations and<br />
Christmas parties – early on, when the workforce<br />
wasn’t that big, it was not uncommon to be invited<br />
to dinner or a barbecue at the Holstenssons. “Rolf<br />
did not discriminate between people. Between the<br />
company’s owners and its employees. It was never<br />
about us and them. It was always us. You felt included,”<br />
says Janne.<br />
“I think we all felt we bore a special responsibility –<br />
for the company and for each other. I knew that if I<br />
did something a certain way, it would have a consequence<br />
for the whole. In many ways, I think there<br />
was, and is, a special <strong>RH</strong> Spirit,” Kristina reasons.<br />
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... and one for all<br />
At first, the company was so small that there were<br />
no special departments. Most of the employees<br />
were young people of the Holstensson brothers’ age.<br />
Rolf liked employing young people, which certainly<br />
contributed to the uninhibited and innovative spirit<br />
of the company. “You knuckled down and helped<br />
out when necessary,” says Claes.<br />
“Everyone knew how to assemble a chair and precisely<br />
why it looked like it did. <strong>RH</strong> was customer<br />
order-driven before the concept had been invented.<br />
If we could sell a chair we did. That was part of the<br />
entrepreneurial spirit.” Suppliers and retailers have<br />
always been an important part of the <strong>RH</strong> family. “It<br />
didn’t matter if you were working inside the walls of<br />
<strong>RH</strong> or not, we shared opportunities and challenges<br />
and resolved assignments together. The notion that<br />
suppliers should be local was very important to Rolf.<br />
You were meant to help each other out,” says Janne.<br />
No wastefulness<br />
Everyone testifies to the fact that going to work<br />
was always fun – largely thanks to Rolf Holstensson’s<br />
personal commitment and delightful character.<br />
“Sometimes, when we were having the most<br />
fun, Rolf might come in, sit down and watch, and<br />
ask if there was a power outage,” says Susanne. As<br />
entrepreneurs are wont to be, Rolf was also very<br />
cost-conscious. Nothing could be wasted or thrown<br />
away – it might be of use another time.<br />
“He was in the habit of checking the skip outside<br />
in the evenings. When you came back the next day,<br />
you could be certain that all of that stuff would be<br />
back in the factory ...” Janne recalls. It was an approach<br />
that is so typical of Småland. It’s not about<br />
stinginessbut rather about insight; that awareness of<br />
resources can help create long-term prosperity.<br />
Always at the forefront<br />
Good resource management also had the effect that<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was early to take environmental and sustainability<br />
concerns into consideration. Wastefulness was<br />
out of the question. But that did not mean Rolf was<br />
tight-fisted, Kristina points out: “Rolf liked new<br />
technology and being at the forefront. Although we<br />
jokingly called ourselves United Sheds Ltd, we had<br />
a teletex machine at the office – more or less a predecessor<br />
of today’s e-mail. And he was meticulous<br />
about everyone having a good salary and an extra<br />
wage packet for the holidays.”<br />
Among those employees who have worked at <strong>RH</strong><br />
for a long time – and there are many of them – it is<br />
the trust and encouragement of the owners in particular<br />
that has played a part in their choice to stay on.<br />
“I’ve stayed because I’ve always had the opportunity<br />
to develop within the company and try new things,”<br />
says Susanne. “Working at <strong>RH</strong> was considered to be<br />
the best. That’s just how it was. Everyone said so.”<br />
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evolution<br />
40
evolution<br />
42
A happy supplier is a good supplier<br />
From the very first chair, it was the good relationship<br />
with subcontractors that contributed to <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
success. By collaborating with Swedish, and most<br />
preferably local, subcontractors in development and<br />
production, <strong>RH</strong> was able to safeguard quality and<br />
deliveries. “A happy supplier is a good supplier,” reasoned<br />
Rolf Holstensson, who found it important for<br />
both parties to make a profit on the deal.<br />
simple, but looking at the underlying mechanism,<br />
it becomes apparent that there are many parts that<br />
must be brought together effectively. You might liken<br />
it to a happy marriage. I think many of <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
subcontractors have experienced the same thing as<br />
we have – that they have been part of a family.”<br />
Carina Lyckvind, CEO of Diac and second-generation family<br />
business owner<br />
“Diac and <strong>RH</strong> have collaborated since 1984 when<br />
Lasse Holstensson contacted my father, Dicky<br />
Carlsson, for assistance with the production of <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
new fittings. Since then, we have worked together<br />
and for some time we were also owned by <strong>RH</strong>. Historically,<br />
we have, of course, been two family companies<br />
– and this has affected how we have worked<br />
together.<br />
Our relationship has always been pervaded by<br />
open communication. We have not only produced,<br />
but also assisted with development and design. If<br />
we have found there to be better ways of solving<br />
things, we have said so. This has enabled us to find<br />
smart and cost-effective solutions that have benefited<br />
both <strong>RH</strong> and us. Our strength is our broad<br />
range of equipment, which affords us considerable<br />
flexibility. Combined with extensive experience and<br />
competence, this makes us a quality partner.This is a<br />
rather complex product – an office chair may appear<br />
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Fairs and events<br />
Tour in the factory<br />
Presentation by Lasse<br />
Training session<br />
Delivery of chairs
High-service<br />
retailers<br />
The close relationship with retailers has been an<br />
invaluable asset for <strong>RH</strong>. Initially, the retailer level<br />
consisted of Rolf ’s personal contact network in the<br />
office furniture segment – a total of 30 retailers in<br />
Sweden, Norway and Denmark. But soon another<br />
significant group of retailers emerged, in the form<br />
of the many ergonomists and physiotherapists active<br />
at health centres and occupational health providers.<br />
They also became important ambassadors for <strong>RH</strong> as<br />
the reputation of Swedish ergonomics spread across<br />
the world and Swedish physiotherapists were invited<br />
to give lectures in other countries.<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s retailer meetings in Bodafors, presenting the<br />
latest ergonomic findings and product reviews, were<br />
highly popular and helped support retailers in their<br />
day-to-day work. The degree of service was high.<br />
Customers received the highest degree of service,<br />
which included the installation of test chairs before<br />
purchase, often carried out by the retailers themselves.<br />
They would bring the chairs in, unpack them<br />
and place them in the workplace. Staff would also<br />
receive training in how to get the most out of their<br />
new chairs.
<strong>RH</strong> timeline<br />
1977<br />
• The limited liability company <strong>RH</strong> is formed<br />
in Bodafors under the leadership of<br />
entrepreneur Rolf Holstensson.<br />
• Launch of the very first chair, <strong>RH</strong> 191.<br />
1987<br />
• The Tekno to replace <strong>RH</strong> 2000 chair,<br />
a predecessor of <strong>RH</strong>-Logic, is introduced.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> has its own stand at the Orgatec trade<br />
fair in Cologne.<br />
1978<br />
1982<br />
• The Maxi chair system, including work<br />
chairs for industrial and laboratory<br />
environments.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> opens a sales office in Stockholm.<br />
1988<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> acquires subcontractor and fittings<br />
manufacturer Diac Mekaniska.<br />
• The name of the operation is changed<br />
to <strong>RH</strong> Metall.<br />
• The generation shift commences.<br />
1983<br />
• First self-developed mechanism,<br />
received a Swedish patent, used on <strong>RH</strong> 191<br />
1989<br />
• Launch of Logic 3.<br />
• Acquisition of the upholstery workshop<br />
that was previously a subcontractor.<br />
1984<br />
1985<br />
• Launch of the ground-breaking<br />
<strong>RH</strong> 2000 series.<br />
• Upholstery workshop is built and leased<br />
by KåCe AB.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> takes control of all product details.<br />
• Commences in-house development<br />
and production in cooperation with local<br />
subcontractors.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> signs an agreement with the Swedish<br />
• Defence Material Administration FMV.<br />
• New property with production, offices<br />
and showroom.<br />
1990<br />
1991<br />
1992<br />
• Extension of <strong>RH</strong> Metall.<br />
• Launch of Logic 4.<br />
• Agreement on deliveries to Martela.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> acquires Götemöbler’s former factory<br />
in Nässjö.<br />
• The entire business moves from Bodafors<br />
to Nässjö.<br />
• The first environmental policy is established.<br />
1986<br />
• Acquisition of new production sites.<br />
1993<br />
• Rolf Holstensson retires and becomes<br />
Chairman of the Board.<br />
• Lars Holstensson becomes the new CEO.<br />
• Agrement with Superior Chairs Texas , USA
1994<br />
1995<br />
1996<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> launches its own subsidiary in the UK.<br />
• The generation shift is completed.<br />
• Lasse Holstensson and Peter Holstensson<br />
become the sole owners of the company.<br />
• Lars Holstensson resigns from the position<br />
of CEO to focus on product development.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> recruits an external CEO for the first<br />
time.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> Metall is sold (to the former owner).<br />
2007<br />
2009<br />
• Sales of SEK 400 million.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> is sold to investment company Ratos.<br />
• Scandinavian Business Seating is formed.<br />
The Group is formed with Ratos also having<br />
purchased RBM of Denmark and HÅG of<br />
Norway.<br />
• Launch of the innovative office chair<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Ambio.<br />
• Production is transferred from RBM in<br />
Denmark to Scandinavian Business Seating<br />
in Nässjö. 20 new jobs in Nässjö.<br />
1997<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> Form starts its own subsidiary in France.<br />
• ISO 9001 Certification.<br />
2010<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> Activ gets a facelift and is relaunched.<br />
1998<br />
1999<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> establishes its own testing laboratory.<br />
• The company participates in the<br />
development of the Möbelfakta (furniture<br />
facts) labelling system.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> establishes its own subsidiary in Norway.<br />
• ISO 14001 Certification.<br />
• Launch of <strong>RH</strong> Moveon and <strong>RH</strong> Activ.<br />
2013<br />
2015<br />
2016<br />
• The next-generation chair, <strong>RH</strong> Mereo,<br />
is launched.<br />
• The Group acquires BMA of the Netherlands<br />
and transfers that company’s production to<br />
Nässjö, generating some 30 new jobs.<br />
• Scandinavian Business Seating is sold to<br />
investment company Triton.<br />
• Trition acquires Malmstolen.<br />
2001<br />
2005<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> establishes its own subsidiaries in<br />
Denmark and the Netherlands.<br />
• Launch of an updated version of<br />
Logic 3 & 4 called Logic 400/300.<br />
2017<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> celebrates 40 years.<br />
• The Group is expanded through acquisition<br />
of Offect of Sweden and Giroflex of<br />
Switzerland.<br />
• The Group rebrands as Flokk to create a<br />
stronger brand identity for further expansion.
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evolution<br />
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49
<strong>RH</strong> at Orgatec -87<br />
New office in Wandsworth -95<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Logic at The Ashes -09<br />
Stockholm Furniture Fair -01<br />
evolution<br />
50
New generation, new markets, 1991–2007<br />
In the late 1980s, the Holstensson family began to<br />
plan for the upcoming generation shift. Anita left<br />
the company in 1990. In 1994, the time came for<br />
Rolf to “retire” and he handed over operational responsibility<br />
to his sons, with Lasse as CEO. Rolf ’s<br />
commitment remained considerable however and<br />
he stayed on as the Chairman of <strong>RH</strong> until 2002. The<br />
1990s came to be defined by the move to the new<br />
premises in Nässjö, the success of the Logic family<br />
and continued product development. This was also<br />
the decade in which <strong>RH</strong> stepped out into the wider<br />
world.<br />
In 1987, <strong>RH</strong> participated in the major office trade<br />
fair, Orgatec, in Cologne, for the first time. The appearance<br />
at the fair generated substantial interest<br />
from abroad and the conclusion was reached that it<br />
was time to recruit an export manager. As so often<br />
before, the choice fell on a known local resource in<br />
the shape of Ulf Magnusson. Until that time, <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
foreign retail network had been limited to Norway<br />
and Denmark, and consisted primarily of Rolf ’s<br />
old business contacts. A process was now initiated<br />
to identify additional international retailers and to<br />
establish proprietary subsidiaries. The first step was<br />
to recruit a retailer in the UK, where <strong>RH</strong> was gaining<br />
traction thanks to Swedish physiotherapist<br />
Gunilla Kleberg.<br />
Wild West<br />
In 1992, <strong>RH</strong> attended the Orgatec fair again, and<br />
international business took off in earnest. Following<br />
the fair, the company had several hundred leads<br />
in some 30 different countries. The most attractive<br />
contacts were two large US companies. After a trip<br />
out west, a decision was made to pursue an initiative<br />
in the US. Staff were recruited and offices were set<br />
up, but then it all came to a halt. Nothing happened.<br />
Invoices remained unpaid and retailers found<br />
it difficult to cooperate. <strong>RH</strong> chairs were popular, but<br />
delivering to a whole continent is complicated - sometimes<br />
there were as many as five intermediaries<br />
before the chair reached the customer. It made the<br />
chairs expensive and «the story behind the chair»,<br />
which Americans loved, disappeared somewhere<br />
along the way. Therefore, the decision was made to<br />
leave the United States and instead invest in Europe.<br />
BMA<br />
A significantly more rewarding contact from the<br />
Orgatec fair of 1992 was Dutch office furniture<br />
company BMA. There was considerable interest in<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s ergonomic solutions among the Dutch, and<br />
with BMA as retailer, the sales successes began<br />
stacking up. This partnership lasted until the early<br />
2000s when BMA began developing its own chairs.<br />
Instead, <strong>RH</strong> established its own subsidiary and the<br />
two brands became competitors. In 2015, Scandinavian<br />
Business Seating acquired BMA and now the<br />
companies are again part of the same family.<br />
evolution<br />
51
Jörgen Josefsson<br />
Country Manager, Flokk UK<br />
Both sides of the Channel<br />
In the second half of the 1990s, <strong>RH</strong> established its<br />
own subsidiaries on both sides of the English Channel.<br />
Jörgen Josefsson set up the business in London<br />
in 1995, and Olgica Pezin did the same in Paris in<br />
1998. Naturally, Jörgen Josefsson hailed originally<br />
from Nässjö. He was already living in London and<br />
was working at an advertising agency when the phone<br />
rang. It was <strong>RH</strong>’s export manager Ulf Magnusson.<br />
He had been given my name by an acquaintance<br />
of mine, Roy Bakken and I was from Nässjö. That<br />
was sufficient,” Jörgen says.<br />
The two of them met at Selfridges Hotel. After a<br />
trip to Nässjö and a meeting with Lasse and Peter,<br />
all were agreed. In 1995, Jörgen commenced operations<br />
in the suburb of Wandsworth. The minimal<br />
office was housed in what had previously been the<br />
toilet. Three years later we moved to Brixton, were<br />
we still have warehouse and office.<br />
London Underground<br />
“Although our agent had built up a fair knowledge<br />
of the brand, operating under our own flag was, of<br />
course, a completely different matter. At that time,<br />
very few manufacturers were serious about producing<br />
ergonomic chairs. The opportunity lay in establishing<br />
<strong>RH</strong> as a premium brand in the area.”<br />
“The UK operation really began moving with a major<br />
order for health insurance organization Bupa. It<br />
is important to remember that <strong>RH</strong>’s offer is not just<br />
about office chairs, but about work chairs for many<br />
different applications,” Jörgen points out.<br />
“For example, the London Underground is one of<br />
our larger customers. There are approximatelly 272<br />
underground stations in London and all barrier guards<br />
use our chairs. We have a number of exciting<br />
customers, but I’m not allowed to name them.”<br />
evolution<br />
52
evolution<br />
53
Olgica Pezin<br />
Country Manager<br />
Flokk France<br />
In 1998, I got a phone call from a head hunter. They<br />
wondered if I was interested in starting a sales company<br />
for a Swedish company. I had worked in the<br />
industry for 14 years at that point, for Steelcase. But<br />
I had never heard of <strong>RH</strong>.<br />
Nonetheless, chairs in particular were a bit special<br />
for me. That had always been the product where I<br />
felt most personally involved. So, I said ‘sure, let’s<br />
meet.’ We had a meeting in Paris. Myself, a representative<br />
from the recruitment company and Peter<br />
Holstensson from <strong>RH</strong>. I left the meeting amazed.<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s seating philosophy was a whole new way of<br />
thinking and I realised the possibilities for the products<br />
in the French market.<br />
I must have done something right during the interview,<br />
because I was among those selected for further<br />
interviews at <strong>RH</strong> in Sweden. I must have appeared<br />
very out of place, standing there outside the railway<br />
station in Nässjö. A little French lady, dressed for<br />
a stroll in Paris, in the harsh winds of Småland. I<br />
saw the hesitation in their eyes as they regarded me.<br />
They must have wondered what on Earth I could<br />
contribute. But the interview got started – it was<br />
me, Ulf, Lasse and Peter – and the more we talked,<br />
the more it felt like an obvious fit. I was surprised by<br />
how pragmatic they were. The questions dealt very<br />
little with my merits and were more about who I<br />
was. And I was impressed. By the fact that there was<br />
such knowledge out there in the Swedish countryside<br />
and that such cutting-edge products were being<br />
produced there. It was almost a little like a love story.<br />
You can feel yourself falling in love but can’t really<br />
explain what’s going on.<br />
I started up the <strong>RH</strong> operation in a cosy Paris office<br />
with no window and stowed a test seat in my car.<br />
It was then time to embark on a mission of salvation<br />
in a market where ergonomics were simply not<br />
on the agenda. At Orgatec, I made contact with an<br />
office furniture retailer who offered to add <strong>RH</strong> to<br />
its product range. After that, the business grew on<br />
reputation, hard work, share of passion and exclusive<br />
solutions. We have achieved double-digit growth<br />
every year since the outset – something that is, of<br />
course, easy at the beginning. Today, there are 19 of<br />
us and the possibilities remain endless. Given how<br />
huge the French market is, <strong>RH</strong> can grow even larger.<br />
People are more aware of the need for ergonomics<br />
in French workplaces these days – although much<br />
remains to be done.”<br />
evolution<br />
54
I think it’s cool that people<br />
living in a country where<br />
the weather is bad almost all<br />
the time, are so positive and<br />
take care of each other so well.<br />
You do not feel as though you<br />
work at <strong>RH</strong> by chance.<br />
You feel chosen.<br />
Olgica Pezin<br />
evolution<br />
55
<strong>RH</strong> and sustainability<br />
<strong>RH</strong> was one of the industry’s pioneers in sustainability<br />
work, largely due to Lasse Holstensson’s<br />
personal commitment and environmental interest.<br />
The operations were certified according to IS0 9001<br />
as early as 1997 and shortly thereafter, environmental<br />
certification followed in accordance with ISO<br />
14001, in 1999. Lasse’s principle was that an <strong>RH</strong><br />
chair should be as easy to disassemble for recycling<br />
as it was to assemble. In collaboration with an innovative<br />
manufacturer in Kristianstad, <strong>RH</strong> managed<br />
to replace all harmful plastics with environmentally<br />
friendly and degradable polypropylene. With backrests<br />
and seats that could easily be removed and replaced<br />
– because none of the fabrics were glued – it<br />
was easy to extend the life of the chair. Parts subject<br />
to wear and tear, such as wheels and armrests could<br />
be ordered as spare parts. Contemporary <strong>RH</strong> chairs<br />
retain all of these features and are designed for a<br />
circular flow with a high degree of recycling. They<br />
are also adapted to new requirements in the form<br />
of the Nordic Swan ecolabel and Environmental<br />
Product Declarations (EPD) which measure carbon<br />
footprint.<br />
evolution<br />
56
The upholstery on an <strong>RH</strong> chair is attached with a patented upholstery<br />
method. The carefully placed and sewn seams keep the fabric in<br />
place for years of intensive use. In this way, we avoid using glue that<br />
can contain harmful substances, while facilitating re-upholstering or<br />
disassembly in connection with recycling.<br />
evolution<br />
57
From family business to<br />
matrix organisation, 2007–2017<br />
The start of the new millennium was tough. The end<br />
of the ‘dot-com boom’ affected investors’ willingness<br />
to invest and <strong>RH</strong>’s profitability deteriorated drastically.<br />
For the first time, it was necessary to lay people<br />
off. In 2003, Peter Eklund took over as CEO. At the<br />
same time, Berndt Axelsson, today Vice President<br />
Legal & Risk and Managing Director of Flokk, joined<br />
company management. “Together, we developed<br />
a business and marketing plan with the target<br />
of achieving a turnover of SEK 400 million in 2008.<br />
We reached that target a year early,” says Berndt Axelsson.<br />
In 2006, the Board made a decision to try and sell<br />
the company. In December 2006, <strong>RH</strong> was acquired<br />
by investment company Ratos, which also acquired<br />
RBM of Denmark at the same time. The integration<br />
process commenced immediately and later that year,<br />
HÅG of Norway was also acquired. The result was<br />
an international group providing office and work<br />
chairs, as well as meeting and conference furniture.<br />
In 2015 BMA of the Netherlands joined the family,<br />
followed in 2016 by Malmstolen, and in 2017 by the<br />
latest company to be acquired, Offect and Giroflex.<br />
Since 2015 the entire group has been owned by investment<br />
company Triton.<br />
With more brands in the group, the product portfolio<br />
has also broadened, and with that, the group’s<br />
strength in various projects and procurement. “The<br />
<strong>RH</strong> brand has also benefited by belonging to the<br />
group through access to increased resources for product<br />
development. <strong>RH</strong> has also gained access to a<br />
significantly larger market than previously.”<br />
When <strong>RH</strong> became a part of Scandinavian Business<br />
Seating in 2007, the door to the world was finally<br />
opened. Today, <strong>RH</strong> is represented on all continents<br />
through its own subsidiaries in Denmark, Germany,<br />
the Netherlands, the UK, France, Switzerland,<br />
Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Australia and New<br />
Zealand, or through retailers and agents. For Nässjö’s<br />
part, the 2009 decision to move RBM’s production<br />
from Denmark to Nässjö has meant a lot. The<br />
group has also invested heavily in the Nässjö site,<br />
including in the form of new logistics and production.<br />
From 2016 BMA is also produced in Nässjö.<br />
“We have been good at deriving synergies, while<br />
developing a highly competitive business model.<br />
Our strategy is to collaborate with skilled subcontractors<br />
who have the capacity to deliver ‘just in<br />
time’, and professional retailers. In this way, we can<br />
concentrate on doing what we are good at – innova-<br />
evolution<br />
58
tive product development.” Faithful to habit, <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
subcontractors are largely found in the immediate<br />
area. Today, <strong>RH</strong> also has quality-oriented suppliers<br />
in many parts of Europe, although accessibility and<br />
close relationships are prioritised. “<strong>RH</strong> had the strength<br />
to restructure and set new targets when the<br />
dot-com bubble burst, which hit the office furniture<br />
segment hard in the early 2000s. When Ratos then<br />
entered and <strong>RH</strong> became part of a larger group, it<br />
was also possible to transition from being a family<br />
business to being a matrix organisation. Within<br />
<strong>RH</strong>, we have always had the insight that we are part<br />
of a larger whole – and that is invaluable!”<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s production plant in Nässjö is high-tech, with logistics lines across the ceiling and several manufacturing patents that increase efficiency and quality. Capacity permits<br />
delivery of a chair every 30 seconds, corresponding to 4,800 chairs a week with daytime shifts. A chair from <strong>RH</strong> is still the product of human hands. Quality is assured by<br />
the employees’ knowledge and craftsmanship.<br />
evolution<br />
59
The way companies are run in the southern<br />
Sweden province of Småland<br />
is unique.<br />
When the investment company Ratos acquired <strong>RH</strong> in 2007, it was with the vision of creating a leading<br />
international group in ergonomic seating. “<strong>RH</strong> was unique in many ways. A company with a<br />
strong entrepreneurial drive, a clear business concept and a willingness to grow,” says Thomas<br />
Hofvenstam, Investment Advisory Professional at Triton, which owns today’s Flokk.<br />
At that time, Thomas Hofvenstam was responsible<br />
for investments at Ratos, meaning he has now followed<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s development for a decade.<br />
“<strong>RH</strong> was attractive for many reasons. First and foremost,<br />
the company had a pronounced ergonomic<br />
strategy and would never compromise that. It was<br />
also able to offer the market its own unique solutions.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> understood ergonomics and was passionate<br />
about its concept – and this permeated the<br />
entire company. In Scandinavia, we are known for<br />
being at the forefront of ergonomics and <strong>RH</strong> was,<br />
and is, an important part of that heritage.”<br />
operations and concept are very good qualities for<br />
those who want to embark on an international journey<br />
of growth. In <strong>RH</strong>, I also saw a willingness and<br />
ability to assume responsibility, which is very valuable.”<br />
Not all companies within Flokk are located in Småland.<br />
But they have all been family-run companies,<br />
acquired from second-generation business leaders.<br />
“We have been entrusted with leading and further<br />
developing them – and in that process, the spirit of<br />
entrepreneurship is an invaluable asset.”<br />
Thomas Hofvenstam had previously invested in<br />
other companies in Småland and saw many advantages<br />
in <strong>RH</strong>’s origins and entrepreneurial spirit.<br />
“The Småland way of running companies, with efficient<br />
business management and a clear link between<br />
evolution<br />
60
evolution<br />
61
However, anything can be improved. Functions can<br />
be made even more efficient and controls even easier<br />
to handle. Form and design can be customised to<br />
the time and context,” says Jan Tore. In terms of the<br />
design language in particular, <strong>RH</strong> is typically Scandinavian.<br />
“Form follows function”.<br />
Jan Tore Iversen<br />
VP Brand & Product Management <strong>RH</strong><br />
<strong>RH</strong> in the future<br />
“<strong>RH</strong>’s success is based on our being faithful<br />
to our original concept. Our honesty.”<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s future will be all about evolution; building on<br />
the unique features of <strong>RH</strong> chairs and further improving<br />
them. Jan Tore, sees a new future for ergonomic<br />
office chairs. The human body has not changed<br />
over the past 40 years. But how we work has. “The<br />
<strong>RH</strong> concept entails providing good support when<br />
seated, while maintaining freedom of movement.<br />
An <strong>RH</strong> chair is a tool that helps you work more<br />
efficiently. Preferably, you should feel a bit better<br />
when you leave work than when you arrived. This<br />
notion works – and we do not intend to change it.<br />
One of <strong>RH</strong>’s success factors is that we have been<br />
faithful to our original concept. We have been clear<br />
and honest about putting ergonomics and function<br />
first. Over the past ten years, we have engaged external<br />
designers in the process of strengthening the<br />
aesthetic expression. But this will never be achieved<br />
at the expense of ergonomics. An <strong>RH</strong> chair should<br />
adapt to the user, not the reverse. For that reason, it<br />
will always have numerous settings options. There<br />
will always be buttons and levers protruding from<br />
an <strong>RH</strong> chair.<br />
The fact that working life is changing, with a smaller<br />
number of office workstations being shared by several<br />
people, and with more meeting places, does not<br />
mean that the classic office chair is out of fashion.<br />
“But this does impose even greater demands on the<br />
chairs being easy to adjust and adapt to the individual.<br />
We have also reduced the weight, so they are<br />
easier to move. In purely visual terms, it is about<br />
creating a chair that works in these open environments,”<br />
says Jan Tore. Multiple meeting spaces also<br />
open up for new applications. If you are conferencing<br />
a whole day, uncomfortable conference chairs<br />
and stackable solutions for large groups will not<br />
evolution<br />
62
work. Here, <strong>RH</strong> can contribute its knowledge to<br />
create more ergonomic solutions that make long<br />
periods of sitting more enjoyable. Belonging to the<br />
Flokk Group enables new opportunities.<br />
At the same time, good sitting ergonomics have<br />
become even more important for those who do<br />
actually have to sit when working. The proportion<br />
of employees working in IT, programming, CAD<br />
design and other screen-dependent tasks is increasing.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> has been highly successful among Swedish<br />
game development companies, who choose <strong>RH</strong>’s<br />
chairs precisely because of their superior ergonomics.<br />
At the same time, <strong>RH</strong>’s strong position on sustainability<br />
issues is an asset that facilitates the development<br />
of new circular business solutions.<br />
“Our capacity to meet customers’ demands for sustainability<br />
will be crucial. There is an entirely new<br />
awareness in the market. The new decision-makers,<br />
born in the 80’s and 90’s, have other values. They<br />
demand sustainability, usability and for furniture to<br />
last longer.”<br />
“Increased ill health in Europe demonstrates that<br />
the issue of ergonomics has in no way been put on<br />
ice. Thinking preventively is more current than ever,”<br />
says Jan Tore. “Here, we have exciting opportunities<br />
to integrate new, smart technology into our chairs.<br />
Technology that helps create a more varied seating<br />
experience and tells you when it’s time to change<br />
position. Because it is precisely that variation which<br />
is so beneficial for the human body. Sit for a while.<br />
Stand for a while. Walk for a while.”<br />
evolution<br />
63
1977. <strong>RH</strong> 190.<br />
<strong>RH</strong>’s very first series<br />
of chairs and at the<br />
time a market innovation<br />
– The seat height<br />
angle was completely<br />
adjustable. The series<br />
was then developed<br />
into the Maxi program<br />
with a focus on<br />
industrial and laboratory<br />
environments.*<br />
1978. <strong>RH</strong> Support.<br />
A series of chairs<br />
with sit and stand<br />
support. The oldest<br />
product still in the<br />
product portfolio.<br />
1991. Logic 4.*<br />
1994. <strong>RH</strong> 3X. A chair<br />
with three functions all<br />
controlled by one lever<br />
(hence the name), available<br />
with three different<br />
backrest choices. Further<br />
on it was developed<br />
into the <strong>RH</strong> Activ.*<br />
1977<br />
1978<br />
1984<br />
1987<br />
1991<br />
1994<br />
1995<br />
1977. <strong>RH</strong> 170.<br />
A larger version of<br />
the <strong>RH</strong> 190, with a<br />
sliding seat, adjustable<br />
seat angle and<br />
tilt function.*<br />
1984. <strong>RH</strong> 2000.<br />
An innovative<br />
chair with advanced<br />
adjustment<br />
options, making it<br />
simple and intuitive<br />
using only one<br />
lever.*<br />
1987. <strong>RH</strong> Logic. With this<br />
chair <strong>RH</strong>’s two-point principle<br />
philosophy (the 2PP) was<br />
founded. The chair follows the<br />
body›s own movements in the<br />
knee and hip joints. Developed<br />
with inspiration from Professor<br />
Tvedt.*<br />
1995. <strong>RH</strong> Support<br />
Update.<br />
evolution<br />
64
1999.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Moveon. A modern<br />
variant of the <strong>RH</strong> Logic,<br />
with a flexible back.*<br />
2005. <strong>RH</strong> Logic<br />
Update.<br />
2010. <strong>RH</strong> Activ<br />
Update.<br />
An aesthetic<br />
update, including<br />
a newly designed<br />
mechanism.<br />
2013. <strong>RH</strong> Mereo.<br />
A further development<br />
of <strong>RH</strong>’s core<br />
values for a modern<br />
chair, featuring a<br />
new mechanism<br />
and intuitive<br />
adjustments.<br />
1999<br />
2001<br />
2005<br />
2007<br />
2010<br />
2013<br />
2015<br />
1999. <strong>RH</strong> Activ.*<br />
2001. <strong>RH</strong> Extend.<br />
Visually similar to<br />
the <strong>RH</strong> Moveon but<br />
with easier features<br />
and mechanism.<br />
2007. <strong>RH</strong> Ambio.<br />
The first fully recyclable<br />
chair with<br />
a unique padding<br />
material, Ventec,<br />
made of tagel and<br />
crude rubber.*<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Visit.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Session.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Lounge.<br />
evolution<br />
65<br />
2015.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> Logic Elite.<br />
*produkten har utgått.
Designed for Human Performance<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> chairs are developed in collaboration with<br />
talented Scandinavian industrial designers. Our<br />
designs always have the person who is going to<br />
sit in the chair in focus – you could say, that it<br />
is a humanistic way of designing.<br />
• The chairs are a unique blend of form and<br />
ergonomic function, where function is always<br />
a priority.<br />
• <strong>RH</strong> chairs are also extremely good at equalising<br />
weight over a larger area of contact and at<br />
transporting heat and moisture away from<br />
the body.<br />
• The smooth and frictionless movement ensures<br />
that you will experience perfect harmony between<br />
comfort, support, and active sitting.<br />
• Distinct lumbar support to ensure upright posture<br />
and relief.<br />
• Tapered back shape allows movement for arms<br />
and shoulders.<br />
• Tvedt-cushion between the shoulder blades<br />
stimulates an open and upright posture.<br />
• Waterfall front reduces pressure on the underside<br />
of the thighs.<br />
• The rear edge of the seat is raised to orient<br />
the pelvis forward to give excellent support.<br />
evolution<br />
66
evolution<br />
67
We would never have<br />
achieved this success<br />
without our loyal and<br />
dedicated staff.<br />
Lasse Holstensson<br />
evolution<br />
68
Tripled sales<br />
Under the management of the Holstensson brothers,<br />
sales rose from SEK 100 million to SEK 312<br />
million at the turn of the millennium. This growth<br />
was the result of intensified product development,<br />
export initiatives, increasing market shares at home<br />
– and a great deal of hard work. Peter was responsible<br />
for advertising and marketing, and made <strong>RH</strong><br />
well-known through a range of innovative features.<br />
<strong>RH</strong> appeared on hoardings, at sporting events, in<br />
the newspapers and on the Stockholm Metro.<br />
One of the most successful campaigns was run in the<br />
metropolitan newspapers and local press in 2000,<br />
inviting customers to borrow an <strong>RH</strong> chair for free to<br />
experience the benefits of the chair for themselves.<br />
Interest was huge. <strong>RH</strong> had to deliver 600 chairs in<br />
just a few weeks. A few months later, the dot-com<br />
crash hit.<br />
526<br />
Turnover (mill SEK)<br />
Number of Emplyees<br />
101<br />
374<br />
117<br />
92<br />
245<br />
2<br />
1,2<br />
50,6<br />
28<br />
90,4<br />
47<br />
175<br />
1977 1987 1992 1997 2008 2016<br />
73<br />
1980<br />
1990 2000 2010 2020<br />
evolution<br />
69
evolution<br />
70
You should feel a bit better<br />
when you leave work than<br />
when you arrived.<br />
Jörgen Josefsson<br />
evolution<br />
71
Photo:<br />
Hasse Bengtsson<br />
Sven Danielsson<br />
Carl-Johan Wilson<br />
Jonas Lindström<br />
Charles Sturge<br />
Print:<br />
DanagårdLiTHO