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Kys. dusná <strong>–</strong> H 2 N 2 O 2 , HNO (Acidum hyponitrosum) je veľmi nestála, tuhá, explozívna látka. Jej soli<br />
dusnany (hyponitrity, Salia hyponitrosa)<br />
Oxid dusnatý <strong>–</strong> NO, N 2 O 2 (Nitrogenium oxydatum) je bezfarebný plyn, veľmi ľahko sa zlučuje so<br />
vzdušným kyslíkom za vzniku hnedého oxidu dusičitého<br />
2 NO + O 2 = 2 NO 2 ;<br />
Táto reakcia sa pouţíva ako dôkaz dusitanov po ich rozklade kys. sírovou. Oxid dusnatý po<strong>sk</strong>ytuje s<br />
mnohými soľami labilné zlúč.; jeho zlúč. so síranom ţeleznatým FeSO 4 .NO má hnedú farbu.<br />
Reakcia sa pouţíva na dôkaz dusičnanového aniónu. Kys. dusičná sa redukuje síranom ţeleznatým<br />
na NO, a ten s prebytkom FeSO 4 , kt. sa nestačí zoxi<strong>do</strong>vať, tvorí nestálu komplexnú zlúč. FeSO 4 .NO.<br />
Fyziol. význam NO →oxid dusnatý.<br />
Oxid dusitý <strong>–</strong> N 2 O 3 (Acidum nitrosum anhydricum) je modrastá tekutina, kt. sa uţ pri teplote <strong>–</strong>10 °C<br />
rozkladá na nitrózne plyny<br />
N 2 O 3 → NO + NO 2<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<br />
Oxidy a kyseliny dusíka<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />
I N 2 O oxid dusný H 2 N 2 O 2 , HNO, H<strong>–</strong>N=O kys. dusná<br />
II NO oxid dusnatý<br />
III N 2 O 3 oxid dusitý HNO 2 , H<strong>–</strong>O<strong>–</strong>N=O kys. dusitá<br />
IV NO 2 oxid dusičitý<br />
O<br />
/<br />
V N 2 O 5 oxid dusičný HNO 3 , H<strong>–</strong>O<strong>–</strong>N kys. dusičná<br />
\<br />
O<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>-<br />
Kys. dusitá <strong>–</strong> HNO 2 (Acidum nitrosum) nie je známa vo voľnom stave. Po vzniku sa ihneď<br />
dismutačne rozkladá<br />
3 HN III O 2 → HN V O 3 + 2 N II O + H 2 O<br />
Kys. dusitá je oxidačné činidlo, ale účinkom iných silnejších anorg. okysličovadiel sa môţe sama<br />
oxi<strong>do</strong>vať na kys. dusičnú (správa sa ako redukčné činidlo), napr. v reakcii<br />
2 HN III O 2 + H I = 2 N II O + 2 H 2 O<br />
sa kys. dusitá redukuje, t. j. vystupuje ako oxi<strong>do</strong>vadlo, ale v reakcii<br />
5 HNO 2 + 2 KMnO 4 + 3 H 2 SO 4 = K 2 SO 4 + 2 MnSO 4 + 3 H 2 O + 5 HNO 3<br />
sa správa ako redukovadlo, pretoţe KMnO 4 je silnejšie oxi<strong>do</strong>vadlo.<br />
Jednoväzbová <strong>sk</strong>upina <strong>–</strong>N=O, odvodená od HO<strong>–</strong>N=O o<strong>do</strong>bratím <strong>sk</strong>upiny <strong>–</strong>OH, sa nazýva<br />
nitrózo<strong>sk</strong>upina (nitrozyl), napr. ON<strong>–</strong>Cl chlorid nitrozylu ap.<br />
Soli kys. dusitej sú dusitany (nitrity, Salia nitrosa). Pouţívajú sa ako →vazodilatanciá, najmä pri<br />
angina pectoris, napr. dusitan sodný NaNO 2 (Natrium nitrosum), dusitan izopentylový, syn. amylnitrit<br />
(CH 3 ) 2CH<strong>–</strong>CH 2 <strong>–</strong>CH 2 <strong>–</strong>O<strong>–</strong>NO (Isopentylum nitrosum). Dusitany sú toxické, po poţití väčšieho<br />
mnoţstva vyvolávajú zvýšenú tvorbu methemoglobínu (→methemoglobinémia).<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />
Hodnoty dusitanov a dusičnanov v krvi<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><br />
mmol/l<br />
mg/l<br />
<strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong><strong>–</strong>