View / Download X-ray Tube pdf

5DGLRJUDSKLF6FLHQFH;UD\7XEH'HVLJQ RSHUDWLRQ0DUF*ULIILWKV/HDUQLQJ2XWFRPHV$WWKHHQGRIWKHVHVVLRQWKHVWXGHQWZLOOEHDEOHWR■ ,GHQWLI\WKHWKHSDUWVRIDW\SLFDOVWDWLRQDU\ URWDWLQJDQRGHWXEH■ 6WDWHWKHIXQFWLRQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOVRIWKHYDULRXVFRPSRQHQWVRIWKH■ WXEHLQVHUW■ FDVLQJ■ +7VXSSO\■ 'HVFULEHKRZWKHFDWKRGHDQGDQRGHDUHGHVLJQHGWRVXLWWKHLUIXQFWLRQ

HDUQLQJ2XWFRPHV$WWKHHQGRIWKHVHVVLRQWKHVWXGHQWZLOOEHDEOHWR■ ,OOXVWUDWHDQGH[SODLQKRZKHDWLVGLVVLSDWHGIURPWKHDQRGH■ 'HVFULEHWKHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQ± $VWDWLRQDU\ URWDWLQJDQRGH;UD\WXEH± *ODVVDQGPHWDOFHUDPLFWXEHV± &7 FRQYHQWLRQDOWXEHV■ ([SODLQWKHOLQHIRFXVSULQFLSOH■ ([SODLQJHRPHWULFXQVKDUSQHVV WKHDQRGHKHHOHIIHFW,QWURGXFWLRQ■ 7KH[UD\WXEHLVDVSHFLDOW\SHRIGLRGHYDOYH■ ,QRUGHUWRSURGXFH[UD\V■■■■■■3URGXFHHOHFWURQVYLDDKHDWHGILODPHQWFDWKRGH8WLOLVHDSRVLWLYHDQRGHWRDWWUDFWWKHIDVWPRYLQJHOHFWURQV9DFXXPFRQGLWLRQV$KLJKWHQVLRQVXSSO\ZKLFKDFFHOHUDWHVWKHHOHFWURQV3K\VLFDO3URWHFWLYHFDVLQJWXEHKRXVLQJ5DGLDWLRQ3URWHFWHG

3XUSRVH 5HTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH[UD\WXEH■ 7KHSXUSRVHRIDQ[UD\WXEHLVWRSURYLGH[UD\VIURPDVQHDUDSRLQWVRXUFHDVSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWGDPDJHIURPKHDWZKLFKLVJHQHUDWHGLQWKHSURFHVVRI[UD\SURGXFWLRQ■ ,WVKRXOGEHSRVVLEOHWRFRQWUROWKHTXDOLW\ WKHTXDQWLW\RIUDGLDWLRQ■ 7KHUDGLDWLRQVKRXOGRQO\HPHUJHIURPWKHZLQGRZSRUWRIWKHKRXVLQJRIWKHWXEHKHDGVKRXOGEHHOHFWULFDOO\VDIHVHFXUHO\VXSSRUWHGEXWFDSDEOHRIHDV\PRYHPHQWLQWRDQ\SRVLWLRQ EHLQJPDLQWDLQHGLQWKDWSRVLWLRQ■ 7KHGHVLJQVKRXOGEHVXFKWKDWLWLVHDVLO\FOHDQHGPDLQWDLQHG([DPSOHW\SLFDOGLDJQRVWLF;UD\XQLWV;UD\7XEH7XEHSRUW0RELOH;UD\8QLW6SHFLDOLVHG6NXOO8QLW

([DPSOHRI5DGLRWKHUDS\6LPXODWLRQ8QLW;UD\7XEH±%DVLF3ULQFLSOHVH■ +LJKYROWDJHLVDSSOLHGEHWZHHQWKHDQRGH FDWKRGHHOHFWURQVH DUHHPLWWHGIURPWKHILODPHQWDQGDFFHOHUDWHGWRZDUGWKHDQRGHDQGVWULNHWKHWDUJHW

*HRPHWULF8QVKDUSQHVV8J3URGXFLQJLPDJHVIURPDILQLWHVRXUFH1RWDSRLQWVRXUFHZLOOSURGXFHXQVKDUSQHVVGXHWRWKHJHRPHWU\RIWKHV\VWHP‡,IZHSURGXFH;UD\VIURPDSRLQWVRXUFHWKLVSUHVHQWVWZRSUREOHPV‡,IDOOWKHHOHFWURQVVWULNHRQHSRLQWRQWKHDQRGHWKHKHDWSURGXFHGDWWKLVSRLQWZRXOGFDXVHWKHDQRGHWRPHOW‡+RZZRXOGDOOWKHHOHFWURQVEHDWWUDFWHGWRWKHDQRGHDWRQHSRLQW"7KHHOHFWURQVDUHQHJDWLYHO\FKDUJHG WKHUHIRUHWHQGWRUHSHOHDFKRWKHUDVWKH\WUDYHOIURPFDWKRGHWRDQRGH WKHUHIRUHVSUHDGRXW*HRPHWULF8QVKDUSQHVV/DUJHU)LQLWHVRXUFH)RFXV6PDOO3RLQW6RXUFH2EMHFW8J,PDJH8J,PDJH

6WDWLRQDU\$QRGH;UD\7XEH■ &DWKRGHLVDWXQJVWHQILODPHQWZKHQKHDWHGHPLWVHOHFWURQH DSURFHVVNQRZQDVWKHUPLRQLFHPLVVLRQ■ $QRGHFRQVLVWVRIDWKLFNFRSSHUURG(PEHGGHGDWWKHHQGLVWKHWXQJVWHQWDUJHW67$7,21$5

5RWDWLQJ;UD\7XEH5RWDWLQJ;UD\WXEH■ $QRGHPDGHRIWXQJVWHQEHWZHHQUKHQLXP■ 6HWDWHQGRIDWKLQPRO\EGHQXPVSLQGOH■ 0D\KDYHFDUERQRUPRO\EGHQXPEDFNLQJLQFUHDVHGWXEHORDGLQJ■ $QRGHURWDWHVUSPYLDURWRUEDOOEHDULQJV VWDWRUZLQGLQJV

5RWDWLQJ$QRGH;UD\7XEH■■■'LIIHUVLQGHVLJQWRVWDWLRQDU\[UD\WXEHLQWKDWWKHDQRGHFRQVLVWVRIDGLVFRIVROLGWXQJVWHQ7KHWXQJVWHQGLVFURWDWHVDWDVSHHGRIDERXWUSPGXULQJH[SRVXUHSHULRG'LVFKDVDEHYHOOHGHGJH■¦§¦ ¥¨! ¦¦¡£¢¤¦¥¨§¦©¢¦"$#! ¤%¦&'¢(¦*)+ ¦¥¨! ¦■■■■■■7KHGHJUHHRIDQJXODWLRQUHSUHVHQWVWKHDQJOHRIWKHWDUJHWWKXVHPSOR\LQJWKHOLQHIRFXVSULQFLSOH'LDPHWHURIW\SLFDODQRGHLVFPVDSSUR[LPDWH7KHXVHRIVXFKURWDWLQJDQRGHVDOORZVPXFKKHDYLHUWXEHORDGVZKLFKDWWKHVDPHWLPHDOORZVWKHXVHRIVPDOODSSDUHQWIRFXV,QFOLQLFDOSUDFWLFHWKHXVHRIKLJKHUFXUUHQWYDOXHVHQDEOHVWKHXVHRIVKRUWHUH[SRVXUHWLPHV7KHORDGLQJLVUHODWHGWRWKHGLDPHWHURIWKHIRFDOWUDFHWKHPDVVRIWKHDQRGHGLVF WKHVSHHGRIURWDWLRQ7KH7XEH,QVHUW■ *ODVV(QYHORSH■ &DWKRGH$VVHPEO\■ $QRGH$VVHPEO\

*ODVV(QYHORSH■ 7KHYHVVHOFRQWDLQLQJWKHWZRHOHFWURGHVLVQRUPDOO\PDGHRIERURVLOLFDWHJODVV■ 0HWDOFHUDPLFVDUHQRZEHLQJXVHGIRUVRPHRIWKHPRGHUQWXEHV■ 7KHFDWKRGH DQRGHDVVHPEOLHVDUHVHDWHGZLWKLQWKHJODVVHQYHORSHZKLFKLVKLJKO\HYDFXDWHG■ 7KHJODVVHQYHORSHDOVRVXSSRUWVWKHWZRHOHFWURGHVLQFRUUHFWDOLJQPHQW DWWKHFRUUHFWGLVWDQFH7KH*ODVV(QYHORSH■ 7KHYHVVHOKDVDQH[SDQGHGFHQWUDOWKLUGZKLFKDFFRPPRGDWHVWKHDQRGHGLVF RIIVHWWKHFDWKRGHDVVHPEO\ DQDUURZDQRGHHQGDURXQGWKHURWRUDVVHPEO\UHIHUWRGLDJUDP■ 1%±$OOVHDOVJODVV PHWDOSROHVDUHFDUHIXOO\FKRVHQWRPDWFKWKHH[SDQVLRQFRHIILFLHQWVRIGLIIHUHQWSDUWV$FKRLFHRILQFRPSDWLEOHPDWHULDOVZRXOGUHVXOWLQFUDFNLQJRIWKHHQYHORSH■ 'XULQJPDQXIDFWXUHDOOFRPSRQHQWVDUHIUHHGIURPWKHUHPQDQWJDVDWRPVVHHSLFWXUH7KHVSDFHZLWKLQWKHLQVHUWLVFRPSOHWHO\HYDFXDWHGWRPLQLPLVHWKHULVNRILRQLVDWLRQRFFXUULQJGXULQJH[SRVXUH

■ &RQVLVWVRI7KH&DWKRGH$VVHPEO\± DZLUHILODPHQW± DFLUFXLWWRSURYLGHILODPHQWFXUUHQW± DQHJDWLYHO\FKDUJHGIRFXVLQJFXS■ )RFXVLQJFXSGLUHFWVWKHHOHFWURQVWRZDUGWKHDQRGH■ )LODPHQWLVPDGHRIWXQJVWHQ6DPHUHDVRQVDVDQRGHHDV\WRUHPRYHHOHFWURQV7KH&DWKRGH$VVHPEO\■ 7ZR)XQFWLRQV■■■■■■■7KHFRQWUROOHGVRXUFHRIHOHFWURQVIRU[UD\JHQHUDWLRQ$FWVDVWKHQHJDWLYHHOHFWURGH&DWKRGHDVVHPEO\FRQVLVWVRIDKHDGLQWRZKLFKWKHILODPHQWVDUHPRXQWHG7KHKHDGRIWKHFDWKRGHLVPDFKLQHGIURPSXUHQLFNHO7KHIDFHRIWKHKHDGSURYLGHVURXQGHGJURRYHVLQWRZKLFKWKHILODPHQWVDUHPRXQWHG7KHVKDSHRIWKHJURRYHV WKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHILODPHQWZLWKLQWKHJURRYHLVLPSRUWDQWIRUSURYLGLQJWKHHOHFWURVWDWLFIRFXVVLQJGHWHUPLQLQJWKHVKDSHRIWKHHOHFWURQEHDP,QDGXDOIRFXVWXEHWKHUHDUHWZRILODPHQWVHLWKHUVLGHRURQHRQWRSRIWKHRWKHU

7KH&DWKRGH$VVHPEO\■ 7KHILODPHQWLVDFORVHO\ZRXQGKHOL[RIWXQJVWHQZLUHDERXWPPWKLFN■ 7KHGLPHQVLRQVDORQJZLWKRWKHUIDFWRUVGHWHUPLQHWKHVL]HRIWKHIRFDOVSRW■ 2QHHQGRIWKHILODPHQWLVFRQQHFWHGHOHFWULFDOO\WRWKHEORFNWKHRWKHUSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHEORFNYLDDVPDOOLQVXODWRURIFHUDPLFPDWHULDO■ 7KHHOHFWURQEHDPRIWKHURWDWLQJDQRGH[UD\WXEHLVGLUHFWHGWRWKHRXWHUPDUJLQRIWKHDQRGHGLVF,QVXFKWXEHVWKHILODPHQWDVVHPEO\LVRIIFHQWUHWRWKHFHQWUDOD[LVRIWKHWXEH7HVWLQJRIWKHILODPHQWGXULQJPDQXIDFWXULQJRI[UD\WXEH*ORZLQJILODPHQW

7KH$QRGH$VVHPEO\■ 7KH7DUJHW'LVF■ )RFDO6SRW■ 7KH6WHP■ 5RWRU %HDULQJV■ 6XSSRUW■ 6WDWRU:LQGLQJV$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7DUJHW'LVF■ &RQYHQWLRQDOURWDWLQJDQRGH[UD\WXEHVDUHFRQVWUXFWHGIURPWXQJVWHQRUDWXQJVWHQ UKHQLXPDOOR\■ 7XQJVWHQXVHGDVDWDUJHWPDWHULDOEHFDXVH‡ KLJKDWRPLFQR‡ +LJKGHQVLW\‡ 5HDVRQDEOHWKHUPDOFDSDFLW\‡ KLJKPHOWLQJSRLQW , &‡ /RZYDSRXUSUHVVXUHDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUH‡ &RQGXFWVKHDWWKURXJKDWKLFN&RSSHUDQRGHWRWKHRXWVLGHRIWKHWXEHZKHUHLWVFRROHGE\RLO+2RUDLU‡ ,WVFKDUDFWHULVWLFUDGLDWLRQPDNHVDXVHIXOFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKH[UD\EHDP■7KHDGGLWLRQRIUKHQLXPWRWXQJVWHQLPSURYHVWKHWKHUPDOFDSDFLW\RIWKHDQRGHGLVF UHGXFHVWKHFUDFNLQJ SLWWLQJRIWKHWDUJHWWUDFN

$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7DUJHW'LVF■ &RPSRXQGDQRGHGLVFVZLWKDEDFNLQJRIPDWHULDOVVXFKDVPRO\EGHQXPRUJUDSKLWHLQFUHDVLQJO\EHLQJXVHGIRUWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRIPRUHVSHFLDOLVHGWXEHVLHFDUGLRORJ\&7■ $QRGHGLVFVRIPRVWPRGHUQWXEHVDUH%LFRQYH[ZLWKGLDPHWHUVUDQJLQJIURP±PPGHSHQGLQJRQWKHORDGLQJUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHWXEH■ 7KHEHYHOOHGHGJHZKLFKSURYLGHVWKHWDUJHWDQJOHDOVRYDULHVIURPGHJUHHVWRGHJUHHVIRUVWHHSDQJOHWXEHVPDPPRJUDSK\$QRGH$QJOHV■ 7KHUDS\WXEHVKDYHUHODWLYHO\ODUJHUIRFDOVSRWV ZKLFKDUHDFFHSWDEOHVLQFHWKHUDGLRJUDSKLFLPDJHTXDOLW\LVQRWWKHRYHUULGLQJFRQFHUQ■ 'LDJQRVWLF7XEHV DQJOH5DGLRWKHUDS\[UD\WXEH

$QRGH+HDO(IIHFW&ORVHH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKH[UD\VHPLWWHGIURPWKHWDUJHWVKRZVWKDWEHFDXVHWKH\DUHSURGXFHGEHORZWKHVXUIDFHWKH\KDYHWRSDVVWKURXJKVRPHWXQJVWHQEHIRUHWKH\FDQHVFDSHIURPWKHWXEH;UD\$RQO\KDVWRSDVVWKURXJKRQO\DVPDOODPRXQWRIWXQJVWHQ;UD\%KDVWRSDVVWKURXJKDPXFKJUHDWHUWKLFNQHVVRIDQRGHPDWHULDOEHIRUHHVFDSLQJIURPWKH[UD\WXEH$VWKHDQJOHRIWKHDQRGH,VLQFUHDVHGWKHDQRGHKHDO(IIHFWLQFUHDVHV%DOO 3ULFH(VVHQWLDO3K\VLFVIRU5DGLRJUDSKHUV(IIHFWRIDQRGHDQJOHRQ6L]HRI)RFDO6SRW■■)RUDJLYHQIRFDOVSRWVL]HHJPPWKHUHDODUHDFRYHUHGE\WKHHOHFWURQEHDPLVODUJHUIRUVPDOOWDUJHWDQJOHV,QFOLQLFDOSUDFWLFHWKLVPHDQVWKDWWKHWXEHORDGLQJFDQEHLQFUHDVHGKLJKHUP$YDOXHV,QWKHDERYHH[DPSOHD D DUHGLIIHUHQWKHLJKWVKRZHYHUWKHHIIHFWLYHIRFDOVSRWVL]HLVWKHVDPH

(IIHFWRIDQRGHDQJOHRQVL]HRI[UD\EHDP■■■7KHH[WHQWRIWKH[UD\EHDPLVOLPLWHGE\WKHDQJOHRIIDFHRIWKHWDUJHW7KLVPHDQVWKDWLWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRFRYHUODUJH[UD\ILOPVDWVKRUW)RFXV)LOP'LVWDQFHV))',WLVIRUWKLVUHDVRQWKDWUDGLRWKHUDS\[UD\WXEHVXVHWDUJHWDQJOHVRI±GHJUHHVLQRUGHUWRFRYHUODUJH $ %DUHDVRIWKHSDWLHQWDWVKRUWGLVWDQFHV$ 6PDOO$QRGH$QJOHOLPLWHGILHOGFRYHUDJH% /DUJH$QRGH$QJOHJUHDWHUILHOGFRYHUDJH$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7DUJHW'LVF±)RFDO6SRW‡ 7KHWDUJHWDUHDIURPZKLFKWKH[UD\VDUHHPLWWHGLVFDOOHGWKHIRFDOVSRW‡ ,WVKRXOGEHDVVPDOODVSRVVLEOHIRUSURGXFLQJVKDUSLPDJHV9HU\LPSRUWDQWLQGLDJQRVWLFUDGLRJUDSK\‡ ,QFOLQLFDOSUDFWLFHWKHFKRLFHRIWKHIRFDOVSRWVL]HLVDFRPSURPLVHEHWZHHQWXEHORDGLQJ WKHGHJUHHRIJHRPHWULFXQVKDUSQHVVWKDWLVDFFHSWDEOH‡ ,QUDGLRWKHUDS\WKLVUHODWLRQVKLSLVQRWVRLPSRUWDQWDVLPDJHVKDUSQHVVUHVROXWLRQLVQRWDSULRULW\

$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7KH6WHP■ &RQVWUXFWHGIURPPRO\EGHQXP■ &RQQHFWVWKHDQRGHGLVFWRWKHURWRU■ &RQVWUXFWLRQLVDWKLQ ORQJDVSRVVLEOHLQRUGHUWRUHVWULFWWKHFRQGXFWLRQRIKHDWWRWKHEHDULQJDVVHPEO\■ 7KHWKLFNQHVV OHQJWKDUHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIPHFKDQLFDOULJLGLW\$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7KH5RWRU %HDULQJV■■■■■■■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

$QRGH$VVHPEO\±7KH6XSSRUW 6WDWRU:LQGLQJV■■■■■+ROORZHORQJDWHGFXSVKDSHGVWHHOVXSSRUW7RWKLVVWHHOFRUHLVVROGHUHGDVHDOLQJULQJZKLFKPDWFKHVWKHWKHUPDOH[SDQVLRQ&RHIILFLHQWRIWKHJODVVWKXVPDNLQJDVWURQJERQGEHWZHHQWKHDQRGHDVVHPEO\ WKHJODVVHQYHORSH7KHVWDWRULVFRPSRVHGRIWZRZLQGLQJVVHWLQWRDFLUFXODUFRUHZKLFKSDLUWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHURWRU RSHUDWHOLNHDQLQGXFWLRQPRWRU7KHZLQGLQJVDUHDUUDQJHGDURXQGWKHURWRURXWVLGHWKHJODVVLQVHUW7KHFRLOVDUHVRSRVLWLRQHGWKDWWKHD[LVRIRQHSDLURIFRLOVLVVHWLVVHWDWGHJUHHVWRWKHRWKHU6WDWRU:LQGLQJV±&URVV6HFWLRQ &LUFXLWU\$&$ %&'$&'%%DOO%HDULQJ5RWRU7KHVWDWRUZLQGLQJVDUHVLWXDWHGRXWVLGHWKHYDFXXPRIWKHJODVVHQYHORSH6WDWRU:LQGLQJ

6WDWRU:LQGLQJV(OHFWULFDO6XSSO\■ 7KHFRLOVDUHVXSSOLHGIURPDQDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQW$&VXSSO\IURPDVLQJOHRUWKUHHSKDVHGHSHQGLQJRQWKHQXPEHURIURWDWLRQVUHTXLUHGSHUPLQXWH■ 7KHFXUUHQWLVSDVVHGWKURXJKWKHWZRFRLOVZKLFKDUHRXWRISKDVHZLWKHDFKRWKHU■ 7KLVLVDFKLHYHGE\SODFLQJDFDSDFLWRULQVHULHVZLWKRQHRIWKHWZRSDUWVDVZLQGLQJV■ 7KHFXUUHQWSDVVLQJWKURXJKWKHFRLOVFUHDWHVDURWDWLQJPDJQHWLFILHOG■ 7KLVPDJQHWLFILHOGLQGXFHV(GG\FXUUHQWVLQWKHURWRU■ 7KHFXUUHQWLQGXFHGVHWVXSWKHLURZQPDJQHWLFILHOGVWKHURWRULWVHOIEHKDYHVOLNHDPDJQHW■ 7KLVDFWLRQUHDFWVZLWKWKHPDJQHWLFILHOGSURGXFHGE\WKHVWDWRUZLQGLQJV WKXVURWDWLRQLVDFKLHYHG7KH7XEH+RXVLQJ)XQFWLRQV■ 7RVXUURXQGWKHWXEHLQVHUWZLWKDFRQGXFWLYHVKHDWKZKLFKZLOOSURYLGHDQHIILFLHQWFRQQHFWLRQLHORZUHVLVWDQFHSDWKWRHDUWK■ 7RHQFORVHWKHLQVHUWLQDQHIILFLHQWUDGLDWLRQEDUULHUDSDUWIURPWKHVLWHRIWKHWXEHSRUW■ 7RSURYLGHKLJKO\LQVXODWHGKLJKWHQVLRQFDEOHUHFHSWDFOHVRFNHWV

7KH7XEH+RXVLQJ±&RQVWUXFWLRQ■ 7KHRXWHUVKHOOZKLFKHQFORVHVWKHWXEHLQVHUWLVPDGHIURPOLJKWDOXPLQLXPDOOR\ KDYLQJVXIILFLHQWWKLFNQHVVWRJLYHLWVWUHQJWK ULJLGLW\■ ,WLVOLQHGZLWKOHDGWRUHGXFHWKHOHYHORIOHDNDJHUDGLDWLRQEHORZWKHSHUPLWWHGOHYHORYHULWVWRWDOVXUIDFH■ 7KHOHDGOLQLQJLVFDUHIXOO\DUUDQJHGZLWKRYHUODSVDWDOOMRLQWV■ 7KHHQGVRIWKHVKLHOGVDUHUHPRYDEOHWRDOORZDFFHVVWRWKHWXEHLQVHUWEXWDUHFDUHIXOO\VHDOHGWRSUHYHQWOHDNDJHRIWKHRLOFRQWDLQHGZLWKLQ3RVLWLRQLQJRIWKHWXEHLQVHUW■ 7KHWXEHLQVHUWLVFRD[LDOZLWKWKHPDLQF\OLQGHURIWKHKRXVLQJWKHIRFXVO\LQJSUHFLVHO\RQWKHD[LVRIWKHWXEHSRUW■ 7KHHQGFDVWLQJRIWKHKRXVLQJVXSSRUWVWKHLQVXODWRUZKLFKIL[HVWKHDQRGHHQGRIWKHLQVHUWVHFXUHO\LQSRVLWLRQ DOVRKROGVWKHZLQGLQJVRIWKHVWDWRUPRWRUVLQWKHLUFRUUHFWSRVLWLRQ■ 7KHRWKHUHQGRIWKHWXEHLQVHUWLVKHOGLQDKLJKO\LQVXODWLQJSODVWLFVXSSRUWZKLFKLVVHFXUHO\IL[HGZLWKLQWKHVKLHOG

3ODVWLF5XEEHU%HOORZV■ 7KHFDWKRGHHQGRIWKHKRXVLQJLVFORVHGE\DSODVWLFGLDSKUDJPILWWHGLQVLGHWKHHQGFDS■ 7KHGLDSKUDJPLVIOH[LEOH DOORZVIRUPWKHFKDQJHLQRLOYROXPHGXHWRFKDQJHVLQWHPSHUDWXUH■ 7KHUHLVDPLFURVZLWFKVLWXDWHGEHWZHHQWKHGLDSKUDJP WKHHQGSODWH■ 7KHPLFURVZLWFKLVGHVLJQHGWRRSHUDWHE\WKHFRPSUHVVLRQRIWKHGLDSKUDJPLQWKHHYHQWRIRYHUKHDWLQJRIWKH[UD\WXEH■ 7KHPLFURVZLWFKRSHUDWHVDQLQWHUORFNFLUFXLWZKLFKFXWVRIIWKHHOHFWULFVXSSO\WRWKH[UD\WXEH7XEH3RUW:LQGRZ■ ;UD\VUDGLDWHIURPWKHWDUJHWRIWKH[UD\WXEHLQDOOGLUHFWLRQV■ 7KHXVHIXOEHDPSDVVHVIURPWKHWXEHKRXVLQJYLDWKHWXEHSRUW■ 7KHWXEHSRUWLVDQDUHDRIORZDWWHQXDWLRQSURYLGHGE\DFXSVKDSHGSODVWLFRUDOXPLQLXPVHDO■ 7KHZDOOVRIWKLVVHDODUHOLQHGZLWKOHDGDVLVWKHEDVH■ +RZHYHUWKHOHDGOLQLQJRIWKHEDVHKDVDQDSHUWXUHZKLFKLVFDUHIXOO\FXWWRUHVWULFWWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHHPHUJLQJEHDP■ 7KHIDFHSODWHRIWKHFXSVKDSHGVHDOLVVHFXUHGWRWKHKRXVLQJIRUDOLJQPHQWZLWKWKHFROOLPDWRU

0RXQWLQJSURYLVLRQ■ 7KHVKLHOGLVVWUHQJWKHQHGDURXQGLWVFHQWUHWRDOORZIRUFODPSILWWLQJVWREHVHFXUHGWRLW■ 7KHZKROHXQLWKDVWREHILWWHGYHU\ILUPO\ VDIHO\WRPRXQWLQJSODWHRIWKHWXEHVXSSRUW■ 7KLVILWWLQJJHQHUDOO\LQFRUSRUDWHVIXQFWLRQORFNVVFDOHVZKLFKDOORZVWKHWXEHUWREHDQJOHGSUHFLVHO\DORQJERWKD[LV+LJK7HQVLRQ+7&DEOH5HFHSWDFOHV■■■■■7ZROHDGOLQHGDOOR\³KRUQV´DWWDFKHGWRWKHEDVLFF\OLQGULFDOVKDSHDUHGHVLJQHGWRUHFHLYH+7FDEOHSOXJ VRFNHW$KLJKO\LQVXODWLQJUHFHSWDFOHVRFNHWLVILWWHGLQWRHDFKKRUQ'LPHQVLRQVRIERWKVRFNHWVDUHLGHQWLFDO(DFKVRFNHWKDVWKUHHVPDOOHUVRFNHWVDWWKHEDVHWRUHFHLYHWKHSLQWHUPLQDWLRQRIHDFKFRQGXFWRU,QVLGHWKHKRXVLQJRIWKH[UD\XQLWWKHFDWKRGHVRFNHWKDVWKUHHFRQQHFWLRQV WKHDQRGHKDVWZR

#################### ####+,*+7(16,216833/

;5D\7XEH0DWHULDOV7XQJVWHQ■ +LJKDWRPLFQXPEHUWKHUHIRUHDJRRG[UD\SURGXFHU HOHFWURQHPLWWHU■ +LJKPHOWLQJSRLQW&■ 5HDVRQDEO\JRRGWKHUPDOFDSDFLW\$QRGH■ 5HDVRQDEO\JRRGWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\$QRGH■ (DVLO\ZRUNDEOHZKHQKHDWHG)LODPHQW■ *RRGIRUGUDZLQJRXWILODPHQWV■ 1RWJRRGIRUFROGPDFKLQLQJRIDQRGHGLVFV■ *RRGHOHFWULFDOFRQGXFWRU$QRGH ILODPHQW■ /RZYDSRXUSUHVVXUHDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV±SUHVHUYHVWXEHYDFXXP$QRGH ILODPHQW■ +LJKO\VWDEOHHOHFWURQHPLVVLRQDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV$QRGHILODPHQW■ $WRPLFZHLJKW"'LVDGYDQWDJH1%±5KHQLXP= LVDGGHGWRWXQJVWHQIRUWKHIRFDOWUDFNWKLVUHGXFHVFUD]LQJEHFDXVHUKHQLXPLVPXFKPRUHHODVWLFWKDQWXQJVWHQZKLFKWHQGVWREHEULWWOH;UD\7XEH0DWHULDOV0RO\EGHQXP■ $WRPLF1XPEHU ■ 0RGHUDWHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\■ 5HDVRQDEOHKLJKPHOWLQJSRLQW&■ 0RGHUDWHWKHUPDO&DSDFLW\■ +DOIWKHDWRPLFZHLJKWRIWXQJVWHQ

;UD\7XEH0DWHULDOV&RSSHU■ $WRPLFQXPEHU ■ /RZPHOWLQJSRLQW±&GLVDGYDQWDJH■ +LJKWKHUPDOFDSDFLW\■ +LJKWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\■ 9HU\JRRGHOHFWULFDOFRQGXFWRUUHGXFHVUHVLVWDQFHWR(GG\FXUUHQWV■ $WRPLFZHLJKW ;UD\7XEH0DWHULDOV&DUERQ■ ([WUHPHO\ORZDWRPLFQXPEHU±/LJKWZHLJKW■ 9HU\KLJKPHOWLQJSRLQW&■ ,QJUDSKLWHIRUPKDVDKLJKGHQVLW\±JRRGWKHUPDOSURSHUWLHV

;UD\7XEH0DWHULDOV1LFNHO■ $WRPLFQXPEHU ■ )DLUO\OLJKW±$WRPLFZHLJKW ■ 9HU\SXUH±7KHUHIRUHVWDEOH■ 9HU\ORZYDSRULVDWLRQZKHQKHDWHG;UD\7XEH0DWHULDOV%RURVLOLFDWHJODVV■ 6LOLFRQSURSHUWLHVPDNHVWKLVPDWHULDODJRRGLQVXODWRU■ /RZDWRPLFZHLJKW■ $GGHGERURQKDVYHU\KLJKPHOWLQJSRLQW&■ *RRGPHFKDQLFDOVWUHQJWK

LQH)RFXV3ULQFLSOH■ 7KHIDFHRIWKHDQRGHLVVHWDWDQDQJOHZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHD[LVRIWKH[UD\EHDPE\DQDPRXQWNQRZDVWKHDQRGHDQJOH■ :LWKLQD[UD\WXEHWKHGHVLJQRIWKHFDWKRGHDVVHPEO\LVVXFKWKDWDVRFDOOHGOLQHIRFXVLVSURGXFHGDWWKHDQRGH;

LQH)RFXV3ULQFLSOH■ 7KHVL]HRIWKHDSSDUHQWIRFXVFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGE\D VLQD DSSDUHQWIRFXVU OHQJWKRIUHDOIRFXV DQRGHDQJOH([DPSOHRIFDOFXODWLRQRIDSSDUHQWIRFXV■ 5HDOIRFXV PP■ $QRGH$QJOHGHJUHHV■ 6LQ ■ $SSDUHQWIRFXV PPD VLQ

%LDQJXODU$QRGH'HVLJQ/DUJH$FWXDO)RFXV&DWKRGH(OHFWURQ6WUHDPIRUVWHS$QJOHWDUJHW&DWKRGHHOHFWURQVWUHDP)RUVWDQGDUGDQJOHWDUJHWžž6PDOOHU$FWXDO)RFXV(IIHFWLYH)RFXV&7;UD\7XEH■ PP$QRGH■ © $QJOH■ N9S P$■ USP■ PLOOLRQKHDWXQLWVFDSDFLW\■ KLJKKHDWGLVVLSDWLRQN+8PLQ■ XSWRVHFRQGVVFDQQLQJWLPH

0DQXIDFWXUHUH[DPSOH&7[UD\WXEH5HIHUHQFHV■ KWWSZZZEUDQG[UD\FRP■ %DOO 3ULFH5DGLRJUDSKLF,PDJLQJWK(G■ %XVKRQJ5DGLRORJLF6FLHQFHIRUWHFKQRORJLVWV■ *UDKDP3ULQFLSOHVRIUDGLRORJLFDOSK\VLFV■ 6WRFNOH\$0DQXDORI5DGLRJUDSKLFHTXLSPHQW