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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
ucnobi saqarTvelos qronika:<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi ix.<br />
„qronika+~ #3<br />
1917 wlis zamTris bolo Tve<br />
saqarTveloSi susxiani gamodga. 10<br />
TebervlisTvis temperatura -8<br />
gradusamde daeca. movida didi<br />
Tovli, garTulda gzebze moZraoba.<br />
Caiketa saqarTvelos samxedro<br />
gzis mleTa-jvris monakveTi. gansakuTrebiT<br />
gauWirda maRalmTian<br />
soflebs, sadac didTovlobis gamo,<br />
ramdenime sofeli mTliad mowyda<br />
gare samyaros. Zlieri yinvebis<br />
Sedegad, gaCerda avWalis wyalsadeni<br />
da Tbilisi sasmeli wylis<br />
gareSe darCa. gazeTi saqarTvelo.<br />
15 Tebervali: „Tbilisis wyalsadeni<br />
13 da 14 Tebervals Zalian cota<br />
wyals iZleoda. amis mizezi is<br />
aris, rom avWalaSi arxi gauyinavs<br />
da turbinebi veRar muSaobda”.<br />
yinvasa da didTovlobas ramdenime<br />
adamianis sicocxlec ki Seewira.<br />
rogorc gazeTi iuwyeboda, 22<br />
Tebervals mayvlarianis serze<br />
qarbuqis Sedegad ori kaci gardacvlila,<br />
romelTa kvalsac veRar<br />
miagnes. oTxi dRis Semdeg sofel<br />
baJanos siaxloves col-qmris: maTe<br />
da mariam xerkelaZeebis gayinuli<br />
cxedrebi ipoves. isini, Turme, mgzavrobis<br />
dros sicvisgan gaiyinnen.<br />
8 Tebervals saqarTveloSi mi-<br />
wisZvrac moxda. Tu ra simZlavris<br />
10<br />
iyo is, ucnobia. didi albaTobiT,<br />
miwisZvras ngreva da msxverpli ar<br />
mohyolia, radgan msgavsi cnobebi<br />
gazeTSi ar Cans. mxolod is weria,<br />
rom biZgebi moqalaqeebma Ramis 2<br />
saaTze igrZnes da miwis ryevam 1<br />
wuTs gastana.<br />
saqarTveloSi sul ufro Zlierdeba<br />
TurqeTidan gadmoxvewili<br />
somxebis ricxvi. isini osmalTa<br />
jars gaurbian da TavSesafars<br />
Cvens qveyanaSi eZeben. gansakuTrebiT<br />
didia yarsisa da vanis vilaieTebidan<br />
gamoqceulTa raodenoba,<br />
sadac somexTa ajanyebis sapasuxod<br />
Turqebma daundobeli sadamsjelo<br />
operacia Caatares, romelsac<br />
Tan sdevda somexTa masobrivi<br />
mkvlelobebi da deportacia. gazeT<br />
„saqarTvelos” informaciiT,<br />
amierkavkasiaSi Semoxiznuli somxebis<br />
ricxvma TebervalSi 300 aTass<br />
miaRwia.<br />
1917 wlis TebervalSi sagrZnoblad<br />
gaaqtiurda qarTuli eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliisTvis brZola.<br />
1-l Tebervals Tavad-aznaurTa marSlebi<br />
Tavadi k. afxazi da Tavadi<br />
d. niJaraZe saqarTvelos rus<br />
egzarqos paltons Sexvdnen da am<br />
Temaze xangrZlivi saubari gamar-<br />
Tes. 26 Tebervals amave sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, platoni ukve guriaodiSis<br />
samRvdeloebis deputacias<br />
usmenda, romlis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
dekanozi evgeni Sengelaia, keTilmowese<br />
mRvdeli kirile javaxia da<br />
mRvdeli epifane CxaiZe iyvnen. deputaciam<br />
avtokefaliasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
guria-odiSis samRvdeloebis<br />
krebis dadgenileba Camoitana,<br />
romelic platons gaacnes.<br />
gazeTi iuwyeba, rom egzarqosma<br />
delegaciis wevrebs yuradRebiT<br />
mousmina da maT mefisnacvalTan<br />
audienciac gauxerxa. ra SedegiT<br />
dasrulda Semdeg Sexvedra, ucnobia,<br />
magram Znelad warmosadgenia,<br />
rom kavkasiis rus mmarTvels qar-<br />
mixeil basilaZe<br />
Tveli sasuliero pirebis moTxovna<br />
daekmayofilebina. ruseTi saqarTvelos<br />
eklesias sakuTar nawilad<br />
Tvlida da mis damoukideblobas<br />
ver Seegueboda. piriqiT,<br />
igi yvela meTodiT ebrZoda erovnuli<br />
xasiaTis gamovlenas. magaliTisTvis,<br />
xaSurSi ninoobaze momxdari<br />
ambavi gamodgeba, romel-<br />
ic gazeTma „saqarTvelom” dResa-<br />
swaulidan ori kviris Semdeg, 2<br />
Tebervals gamoaqveyna: „ninoobas<br />
rkinis gzis mRvdels ioseb kvaliaSvils<br />
qarTulad unda ewirna<br />
rkinis gzis eklesiaSi xaSuris qarTvelobisaTvis.<br />
magram eklesiis<br />
gasaRebi sadRac mieCqmala meore<br />
mRvdels (is rusia), swored im<br />
dRes mounda TbilisSi wasvla,<br />
xolo mnaTem (isic rusia) ganacxada,<br />
damekargao. mxolod meore<br />
dRes ipoves eklesiis gasaRebi, ase,<br />
rom rkinis gzis mosamsaxure qar-<br />
Tvelobas, am mTel qarTvelobisa-<br />
Tvis Zvirfas dRes, saSualeba waerTva,<br />
samSoblos enaze moesmina<br />
wirva...”<br />
egzarqosebis ZalisxmeviT qarTul<br />
eklesias erovnuli saxe<br />
ekargeboda. mrevli ver igebda rusul<br />
RvTismsaxurebas, maTTvis<br />
ucxo iyo rusuli wesebi. xalxi<br />
aRar dadioda taZrebSi, naklebad<br />
ambobda aRsarebas, ar eziareboda.<br />
qarTul eklesiaSi ruseTisTvis<br />
Cveuli vaWroba gaCaRda. oficialuri<br />
gadasaxadi dawesda naTlobaze,<br />
jvris weraze, aRsarebaze.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo”. 18 Te-<br />
bervali: „kviras, 5 Tebervals<br />
vinme v. l-Ze jvars iwerda igoeTel<br />
qalze. rodesac mRvdel p-Zes<br />
SeekiTxnen jvris saweris gadasaxadis<br />
Sesaxeb, man arc aciva, arc<br />
acxela da kategoriulad ganacxada:<br />
30 Tumans Tu momcemT, jvars<br />
davswer, Tu ara da gza didiao.<br />
rogorc iyo, xvewniTa da mudariT<br />
mRvdelma Svid Tumnad ineba jvris<br />
dawera. mRvdelis amisTana saqcieli<br />
gvakvirvebs, meti rom ara vsTqvaT.<br />
nu Tu mRvdel g. p-ZisTvis savaldebulo<br />
ar aris icodes is debuleba,<br />
romelic am ramodenisame<br />
wlis winad sinodis kantoram gamoacxada,<br />
saxeldob: mRvdels ara<br />
aqvs ufleba aiRos jvris werisaTvis<br />
10 maneTi da dasaflavebisaTvis<br />
kidev 3 maneTze metio”.<br />
ianvarTan SedarebiT kidev ufro<br />
gaZvirda cxovreba. gaWianurebuli<br />
omis Sedegad ruseTSi sasursaTo<br />
krizisi daiwyo. naTeli gaxda,<br />
rom imperia xangrZliv samxedro<br />
dapirispirebas ekonomikurad<br />
veRar uZlebda. ruseTis saxelmwifo<br />
saTaTbiros krebaze sityviT<br />
gamosvlisas dumis Tavmjdomare<br />
roZiankom pirdapir ganacxada, rom<br />
am krizisis gamo qveyanaSi saSiSi<br />
mdgomareoba Seiqmna. 25 Teberva-<br />
li: „roZiankom Semdegi ganacxada:<br />
nakazis 130 muxlis ZaliT, saWirod<br />
vracx Semdegi rigs gareSe gancxadeba<br />
mogaxsenoT: petrogradsa,<br />
sxva centrebsa da qalaqebSi sursaT–sanovagis<br />
uqonlobis da siZviris<br />
gamo, Tavi iCina xalxis<br />
mRelvarebam. am mRelvarebam Sei-<br />
Zleba am omianobis dros arasasurveli<br />
xasiaTi miiRoso”.<br />
qvanaxSiris simciris Sedegad<br />
moskovSi saRamos 7 saaTidan Sewyda<br />
tramvais moZraoba, SeizRuda<br />
matareblebis gadaadgilebac.<br />
ruseTidan kavkasiis mimarTulebiT<br />
dReSi erTi matarebeli dadioda,<br />
romelsac mxolod strategiuli<br />
tvirTi gadahqonda da<br />
jariskacebi gadahyavda.<br />
125 procentiT gaZvirda fasebi<br />
qsovilebze da tanisamosze. inflaciis<br />
gamo samjer gaizarda sabiujeto<br />
organizaciebSi dasaqmebulTa<br />
anazRaureba, moimata wylisa<br />
da eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadma.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo”. 1917<br />
wlis 16 Tebervali: „qalaqis saeleqtrono<br />
sadguris gamgem inJinerma<br />
nalbandianma moxseneba warudgina<br />
qalaqis gamgeobas, rom radgan<br />
masala gaZvirda, eleqtronis<br />
sinaTles fasi unda miematoso. b–<br />
n nalbandianis angariSiT kilouati<br />
eleqtronis Zalisa gaZvirdeba<br />
9-10 kapikiT”.<br />
qalaqis sasursaTo duqnebidan<br />
gaqra Saqari da xorci. yoveldRiurad<br />
izrdeboda fasebi bazarSi.<br />
Tumca yvelaze sagangaSo mainc<br />
xorblis deficiti gaxldaT. saqarTvelosTvis<br />
xorblis ZiriTadi<br />
momwodebeli CrdiloeT kavkasia<br />
iyo. ianvarSi ruseTSi fasebis sayovelTao<br />
zrda daiwyo, romelmac<br />
CvenTan TebervalSi CamoaRwia. isedac<br />
mZime krizisi kidev ufro gamwvavda.<br />
17 Tebervali: „guSin qalaqis<br />
mepureebi Segrovilni iyvnen qalaqis<br />
gamgeobaSi fqvilis wasaRebad,<br />
magram aweul fasebSi fqvilis waRebas<br />
ar apirobdnen. jer gamomcxvar<br />
purzed nixri aswieT da Semdeg<br />
waviRebT fqvilsao, – ambobdnen<br />
mepureebi. mexorbleebs aseTi<br />
garemoeba xels ar aZlevsT da arca<br />
yiduloben saTadarigo saqonels<br />
da amitom puri bazarzed gahqra.<br />
am rigad, puris sakiTxi garTulda:<br />
jer erTi, rom gamomcxvari<br />
puris fasi unda gadiddes, meorec<br />
is, rom nixris gadideba dros Txoulobs,<br />
maSin, rodesac puri yovel<br />
wuTSia saWiro”.<br />
viTarebis gamosworebas arc<br />
mTavrobis mier sursaTze dawesebuli<br />
zRvruli fasebi Sveloda.<br />
duqnebi uars acxadebdnen oficialuri<br />
nixriT vaWrobaze da yvelanairad<br />
cdilobdnen saqonlis damalvas.<br />
16 Tebervals, mefisnacvlis<br />
gankargulebiT, Tbilisis sapolicio<br />
ubnebSi sagangebo mzrunvelTa<br />
ganyofileba Seiqmna, romelsac<br />
bazrebsa da duqnebSi arsebuli<br />
mdgomareoba unda gaekontrolebina.<br />
26 Tebervali: „Tanaxmad axal<br />
kanonisa, sasamarTlos bralmdebeli<br />
valdebulia Tvalyuri adevnos<br />
sursaT-sanovagis vaWrobas da Tu<br />
vinmem, pativsadeb mizezis gareSe,<br />
sanovages fasi moumatos Tavis nebiT,<br />
an damalos, 10 aTasi maneTiT<br />
daajarimos da amasTanave cixeSi<br />
Casvas 1 wliTa da 4 TviT. am kanoniT<br />
isargebla Tbilisis olqis<br />
sasamarTlos bralmdeblis amxanagma<br />
b-nma nazarovma da diliT,<br />
qalaqis policiis da qalaqis gamgeobis<br />
agentebis TanxlebiT, daa-<br />
Tvaliera, egred wodebuli rusis<br />
iarmuka, saldaTis bazari da saxorce<br />
duqnebi. blomad aRmoCnda<br />
damaluli xorci, xaxvi, kombosto<br />
da sxv. Sedgenil iqmna 30-mde oqmi.<br />
namalevi xorci patronebs CamoarTves<br />
da nixrze gahyides”.<br />
1917 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis<br />
imperiaSi frontze morigi gawveva<br />
daiwyo. gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
cnobis mixedviT, maT, visac 19<br />
weli usruldeboda, Tbilisis<br />
samxedro ufrosTan unda gamocxadebuliyo.<br />
ruseTis imperia omSi<br />
udides danakargs ganicdida da<br />
frontze adamianuri resursi aRar<br />
hyofnida. amis gamo, gamoica specialuri<br />
brZaneba, romlis mixedviTac,<br />
samxedro samsaxurSi sajaro<br />
moxeleebic mihyavdaT.<br />
7 Tebervali: „amierkavkasiis<br />
mxedrobaTa uavgustoes mTavarsardlis<br />
gankargulebis Tanaxmad,<br />
qalaqTa kavSiris mosamsaxureni, ra<br />
Tanamdebobac unda eWiroT maT,<br />
romelnic dabadebuli arian 1871<br />
wlis aqeT da samxedro begris moxda<br />
uwevT, gadaricxul unda iqmnen<br />
namdvil samxedro samsaxurSi, magram<br />
datovebuli iqmnebian exlandel<br />
Tanamdebobaze, xolo jamagirad<br />
ki miecemaT imdeni, ramdenic<br />
jaris kacs eZleva”.<br />
policiam dezertirebis aRmoCenisa<br />
da samxedro valdebuli moqalaqis<br />
mobilizebis davaleba miiRo.<br />
aRmasruleblebs moqmedebis<br />
sruli Tavisufleba miecaT. aman<br />
Sedegad is gamoiRo, rom soflebs<br />
„straJnikebi” Seesien da mosaxleobas<br />
sisxls uSrobdnen.<br />
5 Tebervali: „Semzaravi werili<br />
movida sofel bakurcixidan: „siRnaRis<br />
mazris sammarTvelos uriadniki<br />
12-15 straJnikiT da tyis<br />
darajis TanxlebiT swvevia sofels<br />
da TareSoba dauwyviaT. am<br />
oficial sapolicio mcvelT, yaCaRTa<br />
Sesaferisi saqcieli CaudeniaT.<br />
SuaRamisas dasxmian sofels,<br />
bevri gaubawravT, viTomc rogorc<br />
gamoqceuli jariskacebi. ufro ki<br />
imitom, rom qrTamebi aeRoT. yofila<br />
iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac am mo-<br />
TareSeebs glexisTvis ganTavisuflebis<br />
bileTebi gadauxeviaT, Tu<br />
am ukanasknelT ar miuciaT qrTami,<br />
Sesaferisi jildo. wina dRiT<br />
swored aseve daurbeviaT sof. Calaubanic”.<br />
qveyana TandaTan qaosSi efloboda.<br />
mamakacebisgan daclil soflebs<br />
frontidan gamoqceuli<br />
dezertirebi, yaCaRebi da qurdebi<br />
ar asvenebdnen. mosaxleobas daun-<br />
10 N4 (<strong>225</strong>) 13.02-19.02.2018 w.