Somoi Ekush Shatak Newspaper March 2019
A Standard Bengali Newspaper
A Standard Bengali Newspaper
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
!mï˛#Î˚ Ó£Ï≈ • £Ï¤˛ §Çáƒy • üyã≈˛ 2020 • üy!§Ü˛ ˛õ!eܲy • 5 ê˛yܲy
§¡õyòܲ#Î˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
!Ó!Óô xyï˛ˆÏAܲÓ˚Ï @ˇÃyˆÏ§ ˆò¢Óy§#
§ï˛Ü≈˛ï˛y Ä ¢%û˛Ó%!Âô•z û˛Ó˚§y
öyöy !òܲ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyï˛Aܲ @ˇÃy§ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆò¢Óy§#ˆÏܲ– oÓƒü)°ƒ Ó,!Âô ˛õyˆÏFåÈ °yàyü•#öû˛yˆÏÓ– xÌ≈˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ü®y ˆÌˆÏܲ
ܲˆÏÓ ü%!=˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ ˆò¢ ï˛yÓ˚ !ò¢y ˆö•z– ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ xy!Ì≈ܲ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ !Ó˛õÎ≈ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ xyˆÏÓ˚ܲ!ê˛ ÓƒyÇܲ ò%ö#≈!ï˛Ó˚
ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ü%á Ì%ÓˆÏí˛¸ ˛õí˛¸yÎ˚ !ò¢y•yÓ˚y xyüyöï˛Ü˛yÓ˚#Ó˚y– ~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ Ó˚yT˛ΔyÎ˚_ ÓƒyÇܲà%ˆÏ°y xyÓyÓ˚ §%ˆÏòÓ˚ •yÓ˚ ܲüyˆÏï˛ ¢%Ó˚%
ܲÓ˚yÎ˚ à%üˆÏÓ˚ üÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆ§•z xyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚¢#° üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚y– !§~~ ~öxyÓ˚!§ÈÙÈÓ˚ xyï˛Aܲ ˆï˛y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ•z– ï˛yÓ˚
!ÓÓ˚%ˆÏÂô xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏö í˛z_Æ Óẙçôyö#ˆÏï˛ §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ •yöy•y!öñ ˛õ%!°ˆÏ¢Ó˚ !ö!‹;Î˚ï˛yñ òyAàyÓyçˆÏòÓ˚ •%ÇܲyÓ˚ ˛õy°ê˛yÈÙÈ•%ÇܲyˆÏÓ˚
ã˛Ó˚ü xyï˛ˆÏAܲ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ çöàî– ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆòáy !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ öˆÏû˛° ܲˆÏÓẙöy û˛y•zÓẙˆÏ§Ó˚ xyï˛Aܲ– !ÓŸªç%ˆÏí˛¸ xyï˛ˆÏAܲ !Ó˛õÎ≈hflÏ
ÓƒÓ§yÓy!î烖 !Ó˛õ%° ô§ öyüˆÏåÈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˆ¢ÎẙÓ˚ÓyçyˆÏÓ˚– §Çܲüî ܲï˛ò)Ó˚ ≤çy!Ó˚ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y xö%üyˆÏöÓ˚ Óy•ẑ ÏÓ˚–
≤Ãôyöüsf# í˛z˛õˆÏò¢ !òˆÏFåÈö xyï˛!AÜ˛ï˛ öy •ˆÏï˛ ~ÓÇ xyï˛Aܲ öy åÈí˛¸yˆÏï˛– ˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌ!ï˛ !öÎ˚sfˆÏî xyˆÏåÈ– §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚
¢=˛•yˆÏï˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy !öˆÏFåÈ– !ÓˆÏò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyàï˛ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ !ӈϢ£Ï ÓƒÓfiÌy ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ– Î!òÄ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y çöÓ•%°
ˆòˆÏ¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚yöy §ÇÜ ˛üî !öÎ˚sfˆÏî Ó˚yáyÓ˚ «˛üï˛y ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏåÈ !ܲöy ˆ§•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ !ÓŸª˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ !Óï˛Ü≈˛ ˆòáy
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !ã˛ö ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ ò«˛ï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏAà §ÇÜ ˛üî !öÎ˚sfî ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ fl∫yfĩӃÓfiÌyÓ˚ ˆ§•z ˛õ!Ó˚ܲyë˛yˆÏüy
xyˆÏåÈ !ܲöy ˆ§ê˛y•z §Ç¢ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚– ï˛ˆÏÓ ~ê˛yÄ !ë˛Ü˛ ˆÎ çöàˆÏîÓ˚ §ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛y §ÇÜ ˛üî xyê˛Ü˛yˆÏï˛ ÓˆÏí˛¸y û)˛!üܲy ˛õy°ö
ܲˆÏÓ˚– xyï˛ˆÏAܲ !ò¢y•yÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ û%˛° ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ ܲÓ˚yñ í˛y=˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÓ˚yà ˆày˛õö ܲÓ˚y Óy §%fiÌ Óƒ!=˛Ó˚ üyflÒ ˆÜ˛öyÓ˚
çöƒ ˆåÈyê˛yå%È!ê˛ Ü˛Ó˚y ˆÎ x≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ §yÓyö !òˆÏÎ˚ û˛yˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ •yï˛ ô%ˆÏÎ˚ ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆã˛yˆÏáü%ˆÏá •yï˛
ˆòÄÎ˚y xyÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ç° áyÄÎ˚y•z ˆÎ ܲï≈˛Óƒñ ˆ§ !ӣψÏÎ˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ã˛y°yˆÏöyÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y •ˆÏFåÈ– !ܲv ü%¢!ܲ° •°ñ áÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
ܲyàˆÏç ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!òö xyï˛Aܲçöܲ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓòö öy ˆòáˆÏ° xyÓyÓ˚ üyö!§Ü˛ ã˛y˛õ ü%=˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ •yï˛ ˆôyÎ˚y ç° áyÄÎ˚y
ܲü •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– §ÇÜ ˛üî ~í˛¸yˆÏï˛ üyö!§Ü˛ û˛#!ï˛ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ x≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ Ó°y ÎyÎ˚ öy– xyï˛Aܲ ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä xyˆÏ§
§ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛y– ~•z ü%•)ˆÏï≈˛ Îy xÓfiÌy ï˛yˆÏï˛ !ܲå%È!òö xyï˛Aܲ Ü ˛ü¢ xyÓ˚Ä Óyí˛¸ˆÏÓ ÓˆÏ° üˆÏö •ˆÏFåÈ–
Ó˚yT˛ΔyÎ˚_ ÓƒyÇܲ åÈyí˛¸y xöƒ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ ê˛yܲy Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ˆÓ!¢Ó˚ û˛yà üyö%£Ï xyï˛ˆÏAܲ ˆû˛yˆÏàö– ˆÜ˛í˛z ˆÜ˛í˛z xyï˛Aܲ
ܲy!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ xy!Ì≈ܲ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏö !Ó!öˆÏÎ˚yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˆ§áyˆÏö @ˇÃy•Ü˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy á%Ó û˛yˆÏ°y– ÎÑyÓ˚y Ó˚yT˛ΔyÎ˚_
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏö ê˛yܲy ˆÓ˚ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚yÄ üyˆÏé˛ üyˆÏé˛ ~üöû˛yˆÏÓ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˆÎö òÎ˚y ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yT˛ΔyÎ˚_ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏöÏ
ˆ°ˆÏà Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈöñ •zˆÏFåÈ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°•z ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏö ã˛ˆÏ° !àˆÏÎ˚ fl∫à≈§%á í˛z˛õˆÏû˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö– ~áö ˆï˛y
Ó˚yT˛ΔyÎ˚_ ÓƒyÇÜ˛Ä ˆÎ ΈÏÌT˛ !öÓ˚y˛õò öÎ˚ ˆ§•z !ÓŸªy§ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°y •ˆÏFåÈ– xyüyöï˛ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚
!öÓ˚y˛õò öÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ˆ§ !ӣψÏÎ˚ çöàî ˆÎ !öÓ˚%˛õyÎ˚ ~ê˛y ˆ°yˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏöÄ !öˆÏFåÈ– ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy á%Ó
û˛yˆÏ°y ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎüö ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ˆï˛üö •zˆÏÎ˚§ ÓƒyÇܲ ˆÎ á%Ó û˛yˆÏ°y ÓƒyÇܲ ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚Ä àï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲ ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚
û˛yˆÏ°y ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ !åÈ°– §ÇfiÌyÓ˚ ≤ÃôyöÓƒ!=˛ ÓƒyÇܲ xú˛ xyˆÏü!Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ≤Ãy=˛ö ~!:!ܲí˛z!ê˛û˛ ~ÓÇ !@ˇÃu˛ˆÏ°ç ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚
ˆçöyˆÏÓ˚° üƒyˆÏöçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ã˛yܲ!Ó˚ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ˆòˆÏ¢ !öçfl∫ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– §%ò¢≈ö ˛õ%Ó˚%£Ï– !ê˛!û˛ˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ ˆòáy
ˆà!åÈ° !öˆÏçÓ˚ !Ó¢y° ÓyàyˆÏö ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏܲ §ˆÏAà !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆ•ÑˆÏê˛ˆÏ•ÑˆÏê˛ ≤ß¿Ü˛ï≈˛yÓ˚ í˛z_Ó˚ !òˆÏï˛– xˆÏöܲ xyˆÏÓà Ä •z!ï˛Óyã˛Ü˛
üˆÏöyû˛yÓ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö o%ï˛ í˛zߨ!ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏåÈ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !¢!«˛ï˛ §%®Ó˚# ˆüˆÏÎ˚ !Óö¡À §≤Ã!ï˛û˛ï˛yÎ˚ çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆÜ˛ö
ˆ§ üy!°ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆüˆÏÎ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚Ä ~ü!Ó~ ˛õy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ xöƒ ܲü#≈ˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏAà §yôyÓ˚î ˆê˛!ӈϰ ӈϧ ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚– ~ê˛y•z
ï˛yÓ˚ ÓyÓyÓ˚ !¢«˛y– §yôyÓ˚î çyÎ˚ày ˆÌˆÏܲ ܲyç !¢ˆÏá öy í˛zë˛ˆÏ° ÓˆÏí˛¸y ܲyç ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– ˆòˆÏá üˆÏö •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°
ò,T˛yhsˇü)°Ü˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö– ò,T˛yhsˇü)°Ü˛ ü)°ƒˆÏÓyô Ä ≤ÈÏã˛T˛y– Ü ˛ü¢ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ Ó,•_ü ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ÓƒyÇܲ •ˆÏÎ˚
í˛zˆÏë˛ ï˛y ò#â≈!òˆÏöÓ˚ ò%ö#≈!ï˛Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚ ˆû˛ˆÏä ˛õí˛¸°– xy!Ì≈ܲ öÎ˚åÈÎ˚ ã˛y!°ˆÏÎ˚ xܲ“ö#Î˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî Óƒ!=˛àï˛
§¡õ!_ àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî §ÇfiÌyÓ˚ ≤Ãôyö ˆ@ˇÃÆyÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ flf# Ä !ï˛ö ܲöƒy §•–
ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ xy!Ì≈ܲ fl∫yfĩ !Óã˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ~ܲ ≤Ãã˛!°ï˛ ˛õÂô!ï˛ÈÙÙÙÈÓƒyÇܲ!ê˛Ó˚ üyˆÏÜ≈˛ê˛ ܲƒy!˛õê˛y°y•zˆÏç¢ö ˆÓ˚!¢Ä
Ü˛ï˛ ï˛y ˆòáy– ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ ˆüyê˛ !í˛ˆÏ˛õy!çê˛ xƒyüyí˛zrê˛ˆÏܲ ˆ§•z ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ fiê˛Ü˛üyˆÏÜ≈˛ê˛ û˛ƒy°% !òˆÏÎ˚ û˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° ˛õyÄÎ˚y
ÎyÎ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ~üܲƒy˛õ ˆÓ˚!¢Ä– ï˛y Î!ò 2.5ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲü •Î˚ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ˆ§•z ÓƒyÇܲ !öÓ˚y˛õòñ 2.5 ˆÌˆÏܲ 4 §•öˆÏÎyàƒ üyeyñ
xyÓ˚ 4ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆÓ!¢ •ˆÏ° ï˛y !Ó˛õIöܲ– ÎÑyÓ˚y ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ÓƒyLjÏܲ ê˛yܲy Ó˚yˆÏáö ïÑ˛yÓ˚y !öÿ˛Î˚•z ~ï˛ à%îÈÙÈû˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö– Î!òÄ ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ !í˛ˆÏ˛õy!çê˛ ˆÎüö ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö¢#° ˆï˛üö•z ˆ¢Î˚yÓ˚ÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ü)°ƒÄ ú˛yê˛Ü˛yÓy!çÓ˚ IJõÓ˚
!öû≈˛Ó˚¢#°– ï˛Ó% Î!ò ˆ§•z !òܲ ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä ˆòáy •ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ˆòáy ÎyˆÏFåÈ ˛õï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏà •zˆÏÎ˚§ ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚
~üܲƒy˛õ ˆÓ˚!¢Ä !åÈ° ≤ÃyÎ˚ 9– xÌ≈yÍ !Ó˛õò§#üyÓ˚ xˆÏöܲê˛y•z IJõˆÏÓ˚– ï˛yˆÏï˛Ä !ܲå%Èüye xyï˛!AÜ˛ï˛ öy •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎÑyÓ˚y
ˆ§áyˆÏö ê˛yܲy ˆÓ˚ˆÏá!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓẙ ˆ§áyˆÏö §yüyöƒ ˆÓ!¢ §%ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî öy!ܲ í˛zß¨ï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓyÓ˚ ê˛yˆÏö xyÜ,˛T˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö
ï˛y àˆÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚Ó›– xyÓ˚Ä xyÿ˛ˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ñ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ ˆÓ§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ÓƒyÇܲ ~Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ xˆÏöܲ xˆÏöܲ
ˆÓ!¢ÈÙÙÙ È11ñ 23ñ 34 ~üܲƒy˛õ ˆÓ˚!¢Ä !öˆÏÎ˚Ä !ò!Óƒ ÓƒÓ§y ã˛y!°ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåñ Èï˛y ~áö ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚üyôƒˆÏü ˆòáy ÎyˆÏFåÈ–
•zˆÏÎ˚§ ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ xyüyöï˛Ü˛yÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ fl∫yÌ≈Ó˚«˛yÓ˚ òy!Î˚c xÓ¢ƒ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xÌ≈üsf#– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˆfiê˛ê˛ÓƒyÇܲ
•zˆÏÎ˚§ÓƒyLjÏܲÓ˚ í˛zÂôyˆÏÓ˚ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– ï˛yÓ˚y •yçyÓ˚ •yçyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ˆì˛ˆÏ° •zˆÏÎ˚§ ÓƒyÇܲˆÏܲ §•yÎ˚ï˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– çö§yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ §M˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ê˛yܲy ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ~•z áÎ˚Ó˚y!ï˛– ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ üyö%£Ï ܲï˛ò)Ó˚ xyï˛!AÜ˛ï˛ •ˆÏ° Î%ˆÏàÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ Î%à
ôˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§y ~•z ΈÏÌFåÈyã˛yÓ˚ Órô •ˆÏÓ ˆ§ê˛y•z ˆòáyÓ˚–
§y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ òyAày !ò!Õ‘ˆÏï˛ Ó•% üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤Ãyî ˆÜ˛ˆÏí˛¸ !ö°– Ü˛ï˛ üyö%£Ï ~•z §ÇâˆÏ£Ï≈ xy•ï˛ xyÓ˚ ܲï˛çö •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ç#ÓöôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ܲT˛y!ç≈ï˛ §•yÎ˚§¡∫° ï˛yÓ˚ !•§yÓ ˆö•z– òyAàyÓ˚ ôÓ˚ö ˆòˆÏá ò%ÈÙÈ˛õ«˛•z ˆÓ¢ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ !åÈ° ӈϰ•z
üˆÏö •Î˚– Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ˆöï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ ≤ÈÏÓ˚yã˛öy !åÈ°– §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ â,îy çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ §!Ü ˛Î˚ ≤ÈÏã˛T˛y !åÈ°ñ
§Ó˚ܲyÓ˚˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ !åÈ° Óyôy òyˆÏö ã˛Ó˚ü !öflõ,•ï˛yñ !ܲv òyAàyܲyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛àï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ܲ# xyÓ˚ ~ï˛ xˆÏflfÓ˚ ˆçyàyö•zÙÈÓy
xyˆÏ§ ˆÜ˛yÌy ˆÌˆÏܲ ï˛y §yôyÓ˚î üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚– xyï˛Aܲ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§y¢ƒy° !ü!í˛Î˚˚yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ~ܲ
≤Ãyhsˇ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyˆÏÓ˚ܲ ≤ÃyˆÏhsˇ Îy xÓfiÌy xyÓ˚Ä û˛Î˚yÓ• ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ°– §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎê˛y xyï˛ˆÏAܲÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ ï˛y •° ≤ÃÌü
˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ ˛õ%!°ˆÏ¢Ó˚ !ö!‹;Î˚ï˛y– ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ Ó˚yçôyö#¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢y§öÓƒÓfiÌy ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!òˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚ ˆû˛ˆÏä ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ°–
§ˆÏ®• ˆö•z ˛õ%!°¢ ≤ây§ö ≤ÃÌü ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ï˛Í˛õÓ˚ •ˆÏ° xˆÏöܲ ü,ï%˛ƒ ~í˛¸yˆÏöy ˆÎï˛– ˆÓ˚yô ܲÓ˚y ˆÎï˛ Óƒy˛õܲ «˛Î˚«˛!ï˛–
~•z xyï˛Aܲçöܲ ˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌ!ï˛ˆÏï˛•z ú%˛ˆÏê˛ í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈ xöƒ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ¢#ˆÏܲ Ó˚«˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛yÓ˚ !ܲå%È üyö!Óܲ åÈ!Ó–
ˆÎ ò° Ó=+˛ï˛yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ≤ÈÏÓ˚yã˛öyÎ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyà# ˆ§•z òˆÏ°Ó˚•z ˆöï˛yˆÏܲ ˆòáy ˆàˆÏåÈ xöƒ ôü≈y°¡∫# ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ˆÏܲ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚
çöƒ üyÓ˚ü%á# çöï˛yÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚%ˆÏÂô Ó˚%ˆÏá òÑyí˛¸yˆÏï˛ñ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy xM˛ˆÏ° ˆòáy ˆàˆÏåÈ ò° ˆÓшÏô §Çáƒy°â%ˆÏòÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸âÓ˚ ˛õy•yÓ˚y
!òˆÏï˛ñ xyÓyÓ˚ §Ó ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ~ܲ§ˆÏAà !ü!åÈ° ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– §ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛y xyÓ˚ ¢%û˛Ó%!ÂôÓ˚ ~•z 鲰ܲà%!°•z xrôܲyˆÏÓ˚
§yüyöƒ xy¢yÓ˚ xyˆÏ°y– ˛õ!Ó˚ÓƒyÆ xyï˛ˆÏAܲÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ¢%û˛Ó%!Âô•z ~ܲüye û˛Ó˚§y–
§ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xû˛yˆÏÓ ˆû˛ˆÏä ˛õí˛¸ˆÏåÈ
x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ òˆÏ_Ó˚ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ Óy!í˛¸
!ÓŸªò#˛õ ò_
x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ òˆÏ_Ó˚ çˆÏß√Ó˚ ò%ˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)î≈ •°– {ŸªÓ˚ã˛w
!Óòƒy§yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §üÓÎ˚!§ñ |ö!ÓÇ¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲ ÓyÇ°yÎ˚
öÓçyàÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü ˛õ!ÌÜ,˛Í x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÓòyö
!Óòƒy§yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ܲü öÎ˚– ÓyÇ°yû˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ !ÓK˛yöã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚
í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà#ñ ò¢≈öã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà# ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈö !ï˛!ö–
!¢!áˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒˆÏܲ öï%˛öû˛yˆÏÓ !ӈϟ’£Ïî
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– §Óê˛y•z ˆÎ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ öÎ˚ñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢
Î%!=˛ÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ !åÈ°ñ !öÓ˚#ŸªÓ˚ÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ !åÈ° ï˛y
!ï˛!ö §yÇáƒò¢≈ö ü#üyǧyò¢≈ö ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛Ó˚ í˛zòy•Ó˚î !òˆÏÎ˚
ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ ˆà!åȈϰö– §ü§yü!Î˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó•% Î%à
~!àˆÏÎ˚ !åȈϰö !ï˛!ö !ã˛hsˇyôyÓ˚yÓ˚ fl∫yï˛ˆÏsfƒ– àû˛#Ó˚
àˆÏÓ£ÏîyÎ˚ !°ˆÏá!åȈϰö Úû˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ í˛z˛õy§Ü˛ §¡±òyÎ˚Û öyˆÏü
ò%•z áˆÏ[˛Ó˚ xü)°ƒ @ˇÃrÌ– !åȈϰö ï˛_¥ˆÏÓy!ôö# ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚
≤ÃÌü §¡õyòܲ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆ°áy ã˛yÓ˚%˛õyë˛ xÓ¢ƒ˛õyë˛ƒ !åÈ°
~ܲ§üˆÏÎ˚– !ܲv ò%û≈˛yàƒ ˆÎ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ Ü ˛ˆÏü Ü ˛ˆÏü
Óyäy!°Ó˚ !ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ çàÍ ˆÌˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ !Ó°%Æ–
Óy!°ˆÏï˛ ˆÎÈÙÈÓy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ !ï˛!ö ÌyܲˆÏï˛öñ ˆ§•z ˙!ï˛•ƒü![˛ï˛
Óy!í˛¸!ê˛Ä í˛zòy§#ö xӈϕ°yÎ˚ !Ó°%Æ •ˆÏï˛ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ–
ˆ¢yû˛ˆÏöyòƒyö öyˆÏüÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~•z Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ 2006 §yˆÏ°
ˆ•!Ó˚ˆÏê˛ç fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚!å° Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚– !ܲv ò#â≈!òö
§ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xû˛yˆÏÓ ~áö ï˛yÓ˚ ç#î≈ ò¢y– ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï
!ï˛öÈÙÈò¢Ü˛ !ï˛!ö ܲy!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛–
àˆÏÓ£Ïîyü)°Ü˛ Ó•% ܲyç ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛•z– ~áyˆÏö•z
ˆ¢£Ï!öŸªy§ ï˛ƒyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ö 1886 §yˆÏ°– Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö §Ç@ˇÃ•¢y°y– Óyàyö û˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö
ò%‹±y˛õƒ ˆû˛£Ïç í˛z!qˆÏò– ˆ§•z Óyàyö ~áö xyàyåÈyÓ˚
çAàˆÏ° ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ @ˇÃy§ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ !mï˛° Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ–
≤ây§ˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zòy§#öï˛y ˆòˆÏá fiÌyö#Î˚ x!ôÓy§#Óẙ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
ܲyˆÏåÈ xyˆÏÓòö çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åˆÏ°öñ !ܲv ܲyç !ܲå%È ~ˆÏàyÎ˚!ö–
§¡±!ï˛ ˆ§•z Óy!í˛¸ ˆòáˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö xy¢#£Ï
°y!•í˛¸#ñ ÓyÇ°yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §y•zú%˛° •z§°yü ≤Ãü%áñ ÎÑyÓ˚y
§üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚
ˆÎyàyˆÏÎyà ≠
!ÓŸªò#˛õ ò_ 9433463083
xÓ˚&î Ü%˛[%˛ 9830294649
email : samayekushshatak@gmail.com
x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ò_ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ˆã˛T˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö
•z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ fiÌyö ΈÏÌy˛õÎ%=˛ üÎ≈yòyÎ˚
≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– Óy!í˛¸!ê˛Ó˚ û˛@¿ò¢y ˆòˆÏá ïÑ˛yÓ˚y •ï˛Óyܲ–
çAàˆÏ° ˛õ)î≈ ç#î≈ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆû˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yܲy §Ω˛Ó •Î˚!ö
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛– xy¢#£Ï °y!•í˛¸# ò#â≈!òö x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
ç#Óöò¢≈ö Ä ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §Ç@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ ܲÌy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓẙÓ˚ çöƒ §ˆÏã˛T˛
Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö Úx«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ò_ ı xÑyôyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏï˛
~ܲ°y ˛õ!ÌÜ˛Û öyˆÏü Ó•z!ê˛– ~áö !m¢ï˛çß√ӈϣÏ≈
xyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ §û˛yÎ˚ x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ä !Óòƒy§yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
xÓòyö §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– Óy!°Ó˚ !ç.!ê˛. ˆÓẙí˛
§Ç°@¿ Ó§ï˛Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ Óï≈˛üyö ò¢y ˆòˆÏá ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ühsˇÓƒÈÙÙÙÈ
~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ìyܲyܲy°#ö x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ òˆÏ_Ó˚ ˆÎ
àˆÏÓ£Ïîyü)°Ü˛ ܲyç ï˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xü)°ƒ ˙!ï˛•ƒ– ~•z
Óy!í˛¸Ó˚˛˛Ó˚«˛îyˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyç ˆ§û˛yˆÏÓ ¢%Ó˚% •Î˚!ö– ܲˆÏÓ
xyüÓ˚y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§ §¡∫ˆÏrô xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛
§¡∫ˆÏrô ÎÌyÌ≈ §ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛y xö%û˛Ó ܲÓ˚ÓÊ Î!ò ܲ!Ó˚ñ ï˛y•ˆÏ°
ï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ ¢ï≈˛ •ˆÏFåÈ x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ òˆÏ_Ó˚ ~•z
Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ˛ §ÇÓ˚«˛î ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~áyˆÏö Úx«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy
˛õ!Ó˚£ÏòÛ fiÌy˛õö ܲÓ˚yñ ˆ§áyˆÏö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÎ !Ó˛õ%° ܲyç
ï˛y §Ç@ˇÃ• ܲÓ˚yñ ˆ§à%!°ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy ܲÓ˚yñ ï˛yÓ˚
ˆÜ˛w !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ~•z Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ ÓƒÓ•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà#
ܲˆÏÓ˚ àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°y–
ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ §yÓ˚fl∫ï˛§üyˆÏçÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈñ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚
˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §!öÓ≈rô !öˆÏÓòö ˆÎñ ܲyçê˛y
~áö•z ¢%Ó˚% ܲÓ˚ˆÏï •ˆÏÓ– ~Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆò!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏ°
Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ xyÓ˚ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ öy–
!ï˛!ö ӈϰöñ ~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ !Óòƒy§yàÓ˚ Ó˚!§Ü˛ï˛y
ܲˆÏÓ˚ x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ò_ˆÏܲ ӈϰ!åȈϰöñ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚
öyü ˆ¢yû˛ˆÏöyòƒyö öy ˆÓ˚ˆÏá Úã˛yÓ˚%˛õyë˛ ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ á[˛Û Ó˚yˆÏáy–
ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ åÈye˛õyë˛ƒ ã˛yÓ˚%˛õyˆÏë˛Ó˚ !ï˛ö á[˛ !Ó!Ü ˛Ó˚ xÌ≈ !òˆÏÎ˚
~•z Óy!í˛¸ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ˆ§•z ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ áˆÏ[˛Ó˚ xyç ~•z
xÓfiÌy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆ§•z xÑyôyÓ˚ Î%à ˆ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓẙ ˆÎ xyˆÏ°y
ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰöñ üyˆÏé˛ üyˆÏé˛ §ˆÏ®• çyˆÏà xyüÓ˚y ˆ§•z
xyˆÏ°y ˆÌˆÏܲ xyÓyÓ˚ !ܲ ~ܲê%˛ xrôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ !˛õå%È
•Ñyê˛!åÈ⁄ ÎyˆÏܲ ӈϰ !˛õåÈö !òˆÏܲ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ã˛°yÊ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
Îyey!ê˛ !ܲ ˆ§Ó˚ܲüÊ ï˛üˆÏ§y üy ˆçƒy!ï˛à≈üÎ˚ öÎ˚ñ ˆçƒy!ï˛
ˆÌˆÏܲ ï˛ü§yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°!åÈ xyüÓ˚yÊ ~ê˛yˆÏܲ Î!ò
ˆë˛Ü˛yˆÏï˛ •Î˚ñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÓˆÏí˛¸y •y!ï˛Î˚yÓ˚
x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ò_– ï˛y•z ~•z Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ §ÇÓ˚!«˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚
x«˛Î˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ò_ ã˛ã≈˛yˆÏܲw •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë%˛Ü˛–
2 §üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020
ˆ§yˆÏü¢ ûÑ)˛•z~èy
ˆ§Ñç%!ï˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÎ˚yˆÏ§ !¢“# ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲü≈ܲyÓ˚ fløÓ˚î
≤Ãܲy¢ ܲü≈ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤ÃÎ˚yî •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ 24 ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚
2014– xy˛õ§•#ö ˆÓyˆÏ•!üÎẙö ~•z !ã˛e!¢“#Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛ ◊Âôy çyöyˆÏï˛ 23 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ 2020
!òöû˛Ó˚ åÈ!Ó xÑyܲyÓ˚ ܲü≈¢y°y Ä xööƒ !¢“#ˆÏܲ
!öˆÏÎ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ åÈ!ÓÈÙÈ≤Ãò¢≈ö#Ó˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§Ñç%!ï˛– ◊#ܲü≈ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚˚ §ˆÏAà xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ
§áƒ Ä §¡õÜ≈˛ !åÈ° ˆò¢ Ä !ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢ áƒy!ï˛üyö
ˆ§Ñç%!ï˛ÈÙÈܲî≈ôyÓ˚ ç•Ó˚ ˆ§öà%ÆÓ˚– ~ÓÇ
§ÇfiÌyÈÙÈxyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ Ü˛ü≈¢y°yñ xö%¤˛yö
Ä xAܲö!¢!ÓˆÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õ!fiÌï˛ •ˆÏï˛ö ΢fl∫#
üyö%£Ï!ê˛– ~!òö üôƒü@ˇÃyˆÏü Ó§%öàÓ˚ ܲÓ˚%îyܲyhsˇ
Ó˚yÎ˚ üM˛ Ä ò%à≈yüu˛ˆÏ˛õ ≤Ãܲy¢ÈÙÈfløÓ˚îyö%¤˛yˆÏö
åÈ!Ó xÑyܲy åÈyí˛¸yÄ !åÈ° !¢“yÓ˚!§Ü˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
!ü°öˆÏü°y– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y 12çö !¢“#ˆÏܲ ˛õyˆÏ¢
òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zͧy• !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– àyö ˆàˆÏÎ˚ xyÓ,!_
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ãy!îï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˆ§Ñç%!ï˛ÈÙÈÓ˚ ¢ï˛y!ôܲ
!¢«˛yÌ#≈ !¢“# Ä ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ˆÏòÓ˚ åÈ!Ó xÑyܲyÓ˚ñ
Ó˚ÇÈÙȈÏÓÓ˚ˆÏäÓ˚ ܲ“yˆÏ°yܲ˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ ü%ö!¢Î˚yöy
≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ–
§rôƒyÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲü≈ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲü≈üÎ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚
ò!°° Ú˜ÏöÓ˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ fl∫ï˛Ïsf ≤Ãܲy¢Û !ã˛e!ê˛
í˛z˛õˆÏû˛yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö §y!•ï˛ƒñ §Çà#ï˛ Ä
!ã˛eܲ°yÓ˚ çàˆÏï˛Ó˚ Ó•% !Ó!¢T˛ üyö%£Ï–
Úܲ“!öé≈˛Ó˚Û §¡õyòܲ §®#˛õ Ó˚yÎ˚ Ü,˛ï˛ Ú~ܲ
Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü# !ã˛eܲˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ !òö!°!˛õÛÈÈÙÙÙÈÈÎy
ò#â≈!òö ◊#ܲü≈ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §•Îye# •ˆÏÎ˚
ܲƒyˆÏüÓẙÓ!® ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ≤ÃÓ#î !§ˆÏöüyˆÏê˛y@ˇÃyú˛yÓ˚
ˆ§ÔˆÏü®% Ó˚yÎ˚– xy°yòy ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ã˛eöyê˛ƒ ˆ°áyÓ˚
§Ω˛Óï˛ ≤ÈÏÎẙçö •Î˚!ö– !öˆÏçÓ˚ ç#Óöñ Îy˛õöñ
üöö !öˆÏÎ˚ xܲ˛õˆÏê˛ Ü˛Ìy ӈϰˆÏåÈö Órôö•#ö
üyö%£Ï!ê˛– !ï˛ö ÓåÈÓ˚ •zí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆòˆÏ¢
â%ˆÏÓ˚ñ ò,¢ƒÜ˛°y ˆòˆÏáñ !ÓŸªáƒyï˛ !ã˛e!¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚
§AàÎy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ˆòˆÏ¢ ¢)öƒ •yˆÏï˛ ˆú˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xhsˇ•#ö Îyey ¢%Ó˚% •Î˚– ~°y•yÓyˆÏòÓ˚
˜ö!öˆÏï˛ ò#â≈ xyë˛yˆÏÓ˚y ÓåÈÓ˚ §yôyÓ˚î ã˛yܲ!Ó˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ~Ó˚ üyˆÏ鲕z xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö åÈ!Ó
xÑyܲyÓ˚ Ó˚§ò– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ç#Óö ç#!ÓܲyÓ˚
xˆÏß∫£Ïî ã˛y!°ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö !öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚– ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy åÈܲ ÓÑyôy
ú˛ˆÏü≈ !öˆÏçˆÏܲ xyê˛ˆÏܲ Ó˚yˆÏáö!öñ ≤Ãï˛#ˆÏã˛ƒÓ˚
x!û˛K˛ï˛yÎ˚ !ü!¢ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ öy®!öܲï˛y–
!ܲ ˆÓ˚áy!ã˛ˆÏeñ !ܲ Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ !ÓöƒyˆÏ§ ≤Ãܲy¢ xööƒ
ˆÌˆÏܲˆÏåÈöÈ ~ܲê˛y xy°yòy üyey !öˆÏÎ˚– !öˆÏçÓ˚
ܲÌyÎ˚ !öˆÏçˆÏܲ !ã˛!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåöÈ ◊#ܲü≈ܲyÓ˚–
§®#ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ !öü≈yˆÏîñ ˆ§ÔˆÏü®%Ó˚ ܲƒyˆÏüÓ˚yÎ˚È ï˛y
í˛zˆÏß√y!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ fiÌyö ܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ Óyôy x!ï˛Ü ˛ü
ܲˆÏÓ˚– ¢ü#ܲ ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ §y«˛yÍܲyˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏç
ܲy!°®#ÈÙÈÓ˚ ˆê˛yê˛y° !̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ öÓüÓ£Ï≈
í˛zò‰Îy˛õˆÏö !à!Ó˚¢ üˆÏM˛È 12 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ §yrôƒ
xö%¤˛yˆÏö öyê˛Ü˛ Úüyöyö§•zÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà !åÈ°
xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ÚxÓ˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ öyê˛Ü˛ !ܲ xyˆÏòÔ
§Ω˛Ó⁄Û xyˆÏ°yã˛Ü˛ !åȈϰö xôƒy˛õܲ ¢ƒyü°
ã˛Ü ˛Óï˛#≈– öyê˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ üyö%£Ï öy •ˆÏÎ˚Äñ ≤ÃK˛yÓ˚
xyˆÏ°yˆÏܲ Ä §Ó˚§ï˛yÎ˚ ◊#ã˛Ü ˛Óï˛#≈ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ˆÏܲ
≤ÃyO° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛yˆÏ°ö– 1795ÈÙÈ~Ó˚
ˆ°ˆÏÓˆÏòˆÏú˛Ó˚ ܲy° ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ öyê˛ƒã˛ã≈˛y
ܲáöÄ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ Ó!ç≈ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛y üˆÏö
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö öy !ï˛!ö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x!û˛K˛ï˛yÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
Ú˛õ%ö!ü≈°ˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö ã˛°ˆÏåÈ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚
≤ÃyAàˆÏîñ xyˆÏÎ˚yçܲ åÈyeˆÏòÓ˚ •zFåÈy ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy
@ˇÃ%˛õˆÏܲ xyüsfî çy!öˆÏÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ öyê˛Ü˛
ܲÓ˚yˆÏöy– Óyò §yôˆÏ°ö û˛yÓ˚≤ÃyÆ xôƒy˛õܲ–
öyñ ¢%ô%üye Ó˚Ó#w öyê˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~üö ò°ˆÏܲ•z
í˛yܲy ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– üçyÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyÓ˚ñ Ó˚=˛Ü˛Ó˚Ó#ñ
!Ó§ç≈öñ ü%=˛ôyÓ˚yñ Ó˚ˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚!¢ÈÙÙÙÈÈÓ˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚
§Ó öyê˛ˆÏܲ•z Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ xyˆÏåÈ ≤ÃÓ°û˛yˆÏÓ•z–Û
§¡±!ï˛ ≤ÈÏÎy!çï˛ üy•zˆÏܲˆÏ°Ó˚ Úˆüâöyò Óô
ܲyÓƒÛˆÜ˛ ˆ◊¤˛ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ öyê˛Ü˛ !•§yˆÏÓ
ˆüˆÏö !öˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xyö® •Î˚– ï˛y•z ˆàÔï˛ü
•y°òyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ öyê˛Ü˛!ê˛ !ï˛!ö ÓyÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ ˆòˆÏáˆÏåÈö–
~ˆÏòˆÏ¢ !¢!¢Ó˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ û˛yò%!í˛¸ñ !Óçö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ
ӈϰˆÏåÈö ܲüñ ˆÓ!¢ Ó!°ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
ˆ§Ó˚y !ã˛e#ˆÏܲ– !¢“ §üyˆÏ°yã˛Ü˛ §®#˛õ
§Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ñ !¢«˛y!Óò !¢ÓöyÓ˚yÎ˚î Ó˚yÎ˚ñ x¡‘yö
ò_ ≤Ãü%á !ö!m≈ôyÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ˆÏܲ ˆ◊¤˛ˆÏcÓ˚
!¢ˆÏÓ˚y˛õy !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ åÈ!ÓÓ˚ !ӈϟ’£Ïî
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ üyey !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö §üܲy°#ö
§y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ §%ö#° àˆÏAày˛õyôƒyÎ˚– §ü#Ó˚ xy•zã˛
ç•Ó˚ òy¢à%Æ ≤Ãü%áÓ˚ x@ˇÃˆÏçÓ˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛
!åÈ° §◊Âô ü)°ƒyÎ˚ö– û˛yˆÏ°y °yˆÏà xï˛ ÓˆÏí˛¸y
üyˆÏ˛õÓ˚ xy!ê≈˛ˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ §yòyüyê˛y ~ܲ!òöÈÙÈ≤Ã!ï˛!òöñ
xö%çˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ §ˆÏfl¨• !öÓ˚#«˛î– fiÌyö
ܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ §#üy x!ï˛Ü ˛ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ö §Ó≈e fl∫FåȈϮ
~•z ç#ÓöÈ!¢“#ÈÈÙÙÙÈȈϧ §%®Ó˚Óö •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ñ
•ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ã˛°üyö çy•yç !ܲÇÓy
¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏö– !≤ÃˆÏ˛õ âyˆÏê˛Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y
§yÓ°#° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ à!ï˛ åÈ®ñ Óy!° §üÓyÎ˚˛õ!Õ‘Ó˚
fiê%˛!í˛ÄˆÏï˛ñ xyÓyÓ˚ üôƒü@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ ܲü≈¢y°yÎ˚Ä–
§yï˛Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ flõ®ö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˛õy!Ó˚Óy!Ó˚ܲ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚
ˆü°yˆÏü¢yÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈxy§ˆÏ° üyö%£Ïê˛y ˆÎ ≤Ãܲy¢
ˆê˛yê˛y° !̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ öyê˛Ü˛
xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ı xÓ˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ öyê˛Ü˛ !ܲ §Ω˛Ó
¢Ω%˛ !üeñ í˛zͲõ° ò_ñ x!çˆÏï˛¢
ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚Ó˚y §ˆÏã˛ï˛öû˛yˆÏÓ•z Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛
öyê˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– !ÓŸª öyê˛ƒ §,çܲˆÏòÓ˚ öyê˛Ü˛
ü)°ƒyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛
xyˆÏ§ ã˛°!Fã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ܲÌyÄ– ã˛y!°≈ ˆÌˆÏܲ
§ï˛ƒ!çÍ §Ó≈e §üÎ˚ˆÏܲ ôÓ˚yÓ˚ §!ã˛e §ˆÏã˛ï˛ö
í˛z˛õfiÌy˛õöyÓ˚ x§Çრí˛zòy•Ó˚î !ï˛!ö ï%˛ˆÏ°
ôˆÏÓ˚ö ò¢≈ܲÈÙȈ◊yï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ §yüˆÏö–
!mï˛#Î˚ ˛õˆÏÓ≈ !åÈ° Ó˚üy≤çyò Ó!îˆÏܲÓ˚ öyê˛Ü˛
ÚüyÏöyö§•zÛñ ÓyØy!òï˛ƒ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°öyÎ˚–
§¡õyòöy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ÓyØy!òï˛ƒ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È
§ÇˆÏÎyçö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ÈÎy ü)° ܲy!•!öÓ˚ §ˆÏAà•z
üyöyö§•z •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛!ö– xï˛#ï˛ñ Óï≈˛üyöñ
û˛!ӣσˆÏï˛Ó˚ à“ xyˆÏÓˆÏàÓ˚ xy◊Î˚ Ä
xÓ°¡∫ˆÏö Óƒy•ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆê˛yê˛y°
!̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ x!û˛öÎ˚
í˛z˛õfiÌy˛õöyˆÏܲ @ˇÃ•îˆÏÎyàƒ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ–
x!û˛öˆÏÎ˚ x!ã≈˛‹øyö !ÓŸªy§ñ üö#£Ïy û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ
í˛zͲõ° Óƒyöy!ç≈ñ xˆÏ°yܲ üç%üòyÓ˚ñ !Ó≤’Ó
Óü≈îñ !Ó≤’Ó ò_ñ !e˛õî≈y òy§ñ ˆòÓˆÏçƒy!ï˛
Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ xÓ˚%îÜ%˛üyÓ˚ ≤çyòñ xö%‹Òy
àyAà%!°ñ §yÎ˚ö# ã˛Ü ˛Óï˛#≈ñ ܲyܲ!° àyAà%È!°ñ
ˆÜ˛yçyàÓ˚# û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ Ä ÓyØy!òï˛ƒ öyê˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ òy!Ó
!ü!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– üM˛ Ä §Çà#ï˛ ÎÌyÎÌ–
ܲü≈ܲyÓ˚– §ÓyÓ˚ üyˆÏé˛ ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü#ñ xööƒ–
§¡õyòöy ã˛üÍܲyÓ˚– ˆ§ÔˆÏü®% Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
ܲƒyˆÏüÓẙ ≤ÃyîÓhsˇ Ó°ˆÏ° ܲü Ó°y •Î˚– !öü≈yˆÏî
≤ÃÌyàï˛ !ܲå%È ˆö•z– ï˛ˆÏÓ ï˛ˆÏ̃Ó˚ §!ߨˆÏÓ¢
§%®Ó˚ñ òy!Î˚c¢#°– xyÓ•§Çà#ï˛ öyê˛Ü˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ xyÓ˚ åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ !û˛ß¨ üyey §ÇˆÏÎyçö ܲˆÏÓ˚
•y§% ÓẙˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §Çà#ï˛ xÇ¢ê%˛Ü%˛ñ !ë˛Ü˛ •#Ó˚ܲò%ƒ!ï˛Ó˚
üˆÏï˛y– ~!òö ܲü≈¢y°yÎ˚ åÈ!Ó ~шÏܲˆÏåÈö ï˛ß√Î˚
Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ ü°Î˚ã˛®ö §y•yñ ç!Î˚ï˛y §y•yñ
ï˛y˛õ§ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ñ ÓÓ˚%î ÓẙÎ˚ñ ˆòÓy!¢§ ˆ˛õyjyÓ˚ñ
§%Óï˛¢ÇܲÓ˚ ˆ§öñ öyÓẙÎ˚î !ÓŸªy§ñ ã˛®ö öyÎ˚ܲñ
ˆ¢áÓ˚ !ÓŸªy§ñ ◊yÓî# üç%üòyÓ˚ Ä xy•ùyÎ˚ܲ
ç•Ó˚ òy¢à%Æ– ˆ§Ñç%!ï˛ ôöƒÓyòy•≈–
çÎ˚hsˇ §y•y
ܲ!Óï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ò%ÈÙÈ!òˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y Óy§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
xyˆÏÎ˚yçö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ° ÚÓöyö#Û– ÚÓöyö#Û !öˆÏç
ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ܲ!Ó §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ˆÏòÓ˚
í˛zͧy• ˆçyàyÎ˚– ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛ÑyÓ˚y ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
!¢!¢Ó˚üˆÏM˛ ˆò¢!ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ܲ!ÓÈ٠ȧy!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ˆÏòÓ˚
!öˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ Óî≈üÎ˚ §y!•ï˛ƒ §ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏöÓ˚
xyˆÏÎẙçö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ üyˆÏâÓ˚ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï
û˛Ó˚y Ó§ˆÏhsˇÓ˚ í˛z˛õ!fiÌ!ï˛– 11 Ä 12
ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚Ó˚ ˆüyê˛ ˆï˛ˆÏÓ˚y!ê˛ x!ôˆÏÓ¢ˆÏö
•zçÓ˚yˆÏÎ˚°ñ !Ó ˆÏê˛öñ ú ˛yñ ÓyÇ°yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚
ܲ!ÓÓ˚y ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ°áyÓ˚ çàˆÏï˛Ó˚ §y¡±!ï˛Ü˛
ܲÎ˚°yá!ö xM˛ˆÏ° Ó˚yì˛¸ ÓyÇ°y
ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧÓ
ã˛ï%˛ò≈¢ Ó£Ï≈ Ó˚yì˛¸ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zÍ§Ó xö%!¤˛ï˛
•° àï˛ 16 ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü Óô≈üyö ˆç°yÓ˚
í˛záí˛¸yÓ˚ áy®ÓẙÎ˚– !Óàï˛ ˆï˛ˆÏÓẙ ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ ~•z
˙!ï˛•ƒ¢#° ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zÍ§Ó xö%!¤˛ï˛ •Î˚
˛õ!ÿ˛üÓAà àîï˛y!sfܲ ˆ°áܲ !¢“# §ÇˆÏâÓ˚
í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà– ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈ x!Óû˛=˛ Óô≈üyö ˆç°yÓ˚ ~•z
ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zÍ§Ó !åÈ°– !Ó!¢T˛ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ Ä
§yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏöÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛c ≤ÃÎẙï˛ ˆòÓò_
ÓẙÎ˚ S§%ô#Ó˚ ÓẙÎ˚V ~•z ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zÍ§Ó §Çàë˛ˆÏöÓ˚
í˛ẑ ÏòƒyˆÏà ¢%Ó˚% ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆç°yÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨
≤ÃyˆÏhsˇ Ó˚yì˛¸ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zÍ§Ó xö%!¤˛ï˛ •Î˚–
ã˛ï%˛ò≈¢ Ó£Ï≈ Ó˚yì˛¸ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓ
˛õ!ÿ˛ü Óô≈üyöñ ˛õ)Ó≈ Óô≈üyöñ Ó#Ó˚û)˛üñ ˛õ%Ó˚%!°Îẙñ
ÓÑyÜ%˛í˛¸y ˆÌˆÏܲ xyü!sfï˛ Ü˛!ÓÓ˚y ˆÎyà ˆòö–
~ÓyˆÏÓ˚ 65çö xyü!sfï˛ Ü˛!Ó Ü˛!Óï˛y ˛õyë˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ û˛yÓöy !åÈ°
Ú!Ó˛õߨ ˆò¢ !Ó˛õߨ üyö%£ÏÛ–
ÓyÇ°yñ !•!®ñ í˛zò%≈ñ Ü%˛Ó˚%ܲ û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y ˛õyë˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ܲ!ÓÓẙ– ˆò¢ Ä üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !Ó˛õߨï˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy
ܲ!ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ ú%˛ˆÏê˛ ÄˆÏ벖
û˛yÓöy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö– Ä!í˛¸¢yñ x§üñ
à%çÓ˚yˆÏê˛Ó˚ ܲ°üç#Ó#ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ñ Úˆ°áyÎ˚
x!hflÏc §ÇܲˆÏê˛Ó˚Û flõT˛ í˛zFã˛yÓ˚î ˆ¢yöy
Îy!FåÈ°– xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ §y!•ï˛ƒ §ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏöÓ˚
í˛zò‰ˆÏÓyôܲ í˛. !ÓˆÏöyò ˆÎy¢# ˆÎüö
Ó°!åȈϰöñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xyÓ˚Ä §Çà!ë˛ï˛ •ˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– !Ó!FåÈߨï˛yˆÏܲ ˆ°áܲÈÙÈܲ!ÓÓ˚y ܲáöÄ
≤Ã◊Î˚ ˆòö öy– fl∫yàï˛ û˛y£ÏˆÏî §û˛y˛õ!ï˛
ö#°yOö ¢y![˛°ƒ ӈϰöñ ê˛yöy !ï˛ö ÓåÈÓ˚
ˆò¢ÈÙÈ!ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ öyöy û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ܲ!Ó
§y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~•z xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛
§y!•ï˛ƒ §ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ~•z xyˆÏÎ˚yçö Óyüö •ˆÏÎ˚ ãÑ˛yˆÏò •yï˛
ã˛ï%˛ò≈¢ Ó˚yì˛¸ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓÓ˚
í˛zò‰ˆÏÓyôö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !Ó!¢T˛ ≤ÃyÓ!rôܲ Ä ~Ü%˛¢
¢ï˛Ü˛ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏò¢Ü˛ ˆ§Ô!üe °y!•í˛¸#–
!ï˛!ö Óï≈˛üyö §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ≤ë˛y˛õê˛ˆÏܲ Óƒyáƒy
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ܲ!Óï˛y Îáö §üÎ˚ Ä
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲÌy ӈϰ ï˛áö ˆ§ ܲ!Óï˛y üyö%£Ï
@ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˆ§Ô!üe °y!•í˛¸#ˆÏܲ ú%˛° ¢y°
Ä fløyÓ˚ܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ §ÇÓ!ô≈ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓAà
àîï˛y!sfܲ ˆ°áܲ !¢“# §ÇˆÏâÓ˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü
Óô≈üyö ˆç°y ܲ!ü!ê˛Ó˚ Î%@¬ §¡õyòܲ
xö%˛õ !üe– ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓ Ü˛Î˚°yá!ö
xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ !Ó!¢T˛ ܲ!Ó !¢Ó˛õò û˛y[˛yÓ˚#ˆÏܲÄ
§ÇÓ!ô≈ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö xy!¢§ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ Ä §%ˆÏܲyü°
ˆây£Ï– xyü!sfï˛ Ü˛!Ó Ä x!ï˛!̈ÏòÓ˚ fløyÓ˚ܲ
!òˆÏÎ˚ §¡øyö çyöyˆÏöy •Î˚– ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧӈÏܲ
!âˆÏÓ˚ ~°yܲyÎ˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ Ä í˛zͧy• °«˛ ܲÓ˚y
ÎyÎ˚– í˛zò‰ˆÏÓyôö# xö%¤˛yˆÏö Ó=˛Óƒ Ó˚yˆÏáö
xö%˛õ !üe– §û˛y˛õ!ï˛c ܲˆÏÓ˚ö xy!¢§
û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈– §ü@ˇÃ xö%¤˛yö §M˛y°öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö
§#üyhsˇ ï˛Ó˚ú˛òyÓ˚–
Óöyö#Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ §y!•ï˛ƒ §ˆÏ¡ø°ö
ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ üï˛ö•z í˛zFã˛yܲyA«˛y– ï˛Ó%Ä ï˛ÑyˆÏòÓ˚
°«˛ƒ Ó!•!Ó≈ˆÏŸª áÓÓ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈyܲ §üܲy°#ö
ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚– ÓyÇ°yÎ˚ xy§%ܲ Ó!•!Ó≈ˆÏŸªÓ˚
§y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ áÓÓ˚yáÓÓ˚– }Âô ˆÏ•yܲ
!ÓŸªÈÙȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛– §y!•ï˛ƒ §ˆÏ¡øy°ö ܲ!ü!ê˛Ó˚
§¡õyòܲ xô#Ó˚Ü,˛£÷ ü[˛° §y!•ï˛ƒû˛yÓöy
≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ üM˛ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ~•z í˛zˆÏòƒyàˆÏܲ
Óî≈öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
180 çˆÏöÓ˚ üï˛ö ܲ!ÓÈÙȧy!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ˆÏòÓ˚
û˛Ó˚yê˛ xyˆÏÎ˚yçˆÏö üM˛ xyˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ !åȈϰö
ܲ!Ó §%ˆÏÓyô §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ñ ˛õ!Óe ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ
¢ƒyü°Ü˛y!hsˇ òy¢ñ ü,ò%° òy¢à%Æñ Ü,˛£÷y Ó§%ñ
§%¢#° ü[˛° ≤Ãü%á–
!Ó•yˆÏöÓ˚ û˛yˆÏ°yÓy§yÓ˚ í˛zÍ§Ó Ú•,òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xö%ÓyòÛ
í˛zòÎ˚ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈
§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚˛ çàˆÏï˛ Ú!Ó•yöÛ ~áö ~ܲ!ê˛
öyüܲÓ˚y ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö– ~•z ˆòˆÏ¢ ~ÓÇ !ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢Ä
ïÑ˛yÓẙ !öÎ˚!üï˛ xö%¤˛yö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏܲö– ÎyòÓ˛õ%Ó˚
!ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !eà%îy ˆ§ö üˆÏM˛ Ú!Ó•yöÛ àï˛
14•z ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚ í˛zò‰Îy˛õö ܲÓ˚Ï° û˛yˆÏ°yÓy§yÓ˚
í˛zͧӖ Ú•,òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xö%ÓyòÛ !¢ˆÏÓ˚yöyˆÏü ã˛ï%˛Ì≈
Óy!£Ï≈ܲ xö%¤˛yˆÏö ò%•z ÓyÇ°y û˛yˆÏ°yÓy§yÓ˚
ÓrôˆÏö ÓÑyôy ˛õí˛¸°– °u˛ö !öÓy§# !Ó!¢T˛
Óy!ã˛Ü˛ !¢“# ü%!öÓ˚y ˛õyÓ˚!û˛ö ~ÓÇ
ÓyÇ°yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ !Óáƒyï˛ §yÇÓy!òܲ ü%!=˛Î%Âô
àˆÏÓ£Ïܲ x˛õ)Ó≈ ¢ü≈yÓ˚ í˛zIμ° í˛z˛õ!fiÌ!ï˛ ˆàyê˛y
xö%¤˛yöˆÏܲ ~ܲ xöƒ üyey ˆòÎ˚– ï˛Ó˚%î àyÎ˚ܲ
◊Î˚ˆÏîÓ˚ Úü•yÓ˚yçy ˆï˛yüyˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§°yüÛ àyö
xö%¤˛yˆÏÏöÓ˚ ü)° §%Ó˚ §%®Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓшÏô ˆòÎ˚–
x˛õ)Ó≈ÓyÓ%Ó˚ Ó=˛ˆÏÓƒ û˛yˆÏ°yÓy§yÓ˚ çÎ˚àyö
ˆây!£Ïï˛ •Î˚– ˆ§•z §)e ôˆÏÓ˚•z üˆÏM˛ ≤ÈÏÓ¢
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ü%!öÓ˚y ˛õyÓ˚!û˛ö– ï˛ÑyÓ˚ §yÓ°#°
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢öy !Ó!û˛ß¨
!Ó£ÏÎ˚ˆÏܲ åÈÑ%ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ–
ˆ◊yï˛yÓ˚y ü%?ô •ˆÏÎ˚
¢%ˆÏöˆÏåÈö– !ӈϢ£Ïï˛
Ó#Ó˚yAàöyÈÙÈÓ˚ ˛˛õy벲
ˆ◊yï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üöˆÏܲ
í˛zò‰ˆÏÓ° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛yˆÏ°–
~ܲ•zû˛yˆÏÓ !Ó•yˆÏöÓ˚
!¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ ò%!ê˛
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢öy §ühflÏ
ˆ◊yï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üö û˛!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚
ˆòÎ˚– ÓyÇ°yˆÏò¢ xyÓ˚
˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏAàÓ˚ !Ó!¢T˛ ܲ!ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y
xÓ°¡∫ˆÏö ܲ!Óï˛yÈÙÈxyˆÏ°áƒ Ú~˛õyÓ˚ IJõyÓ˚
flø,!ï˛üÎ˚ ~ܲyܲyÓ˚Û ˛¢#£Ï≈ܲ !öˆÏÓòˆÏö üyôÓ#
ã˛ƒyê˛yç#≈ñ §%çyï˛y ˆã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ x!Ó˚®ü
Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚#Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢öyÎ˚ í˛z˛õ!fiÌï˛ §Ü˛ˆÏ°
ü%?ô •ˆÏÎ˚ Îyö– xyÓ•!¢“# §®#˛õ ˆò ˆÎyàƒ
§Aàï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö– ˆ¢£Ï !öˆÏÓòö !åÈ° ü!Õ‘Ü˛y
ˆ§öà%Æ Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ ܲyÓƒöyê˛ƒ Úx!ÓÓ˚ï˛
ã˛u˛y!°Ü˛yÛÓ˚ üM˛y!û˛öÎ˚– !ï˛ö !¢“# ~ÓÇ
§•ˆÏÎyà# ö,ï˛ƒy!¢“#Ó˚yÄ xöÓòƒ–
§ü@ˇÃ xö%¤˛yö ò«˛ï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏAà §M˛y°öy
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ¢ƒyü°# xyã˛yÎ≈– ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ
xÓòyˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ Ó˚îÓ#Ó˚ ˛õ%Ó˚ܲyÎ˚fïÏܲ !Ó•yˆÏöÓ˚
˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ §ÇÓô≈öy çyöyˆÏöy •Î˚–
˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚û˛Ó˚yê˛ Ä àyåÈܲyê˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚
xyÜ ˛yhsˇ •ˆÏ°ö Ó%!Âôç#Ó# §üyçܲü#≈Ó˚y
˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ û˛Óẙê˛ Ü˛Óẙ Ä àyåÈ Ü˛yê˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ܲÓẙÎ˚
ã˛yܲòˆÏ•Ó˚ ˆàyÓ˚yãÑ˛yòï˛°yÈÙÈ•zê˛y˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚˛õyí˛¸yÎ˚
í˛zˆÏ_çöy ã˛°!åÈ° ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È!òö ôˆÏÓ˚–
≤Ã!ï˛ÓyòܲyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ §üÌ≈ˆÏö àï˛ 15 ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚
ˆ§áyˆÏö í˛z˛õ!fiÌï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ !öà,•#ï˛ •ˆÏ°ö !Ó!¢T˛
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Ü˛ü#≈ Ä Ó%!Âôç#Ó#Ó˚y– xyÜ ˛yhsˇ •ˆÏ°ö
ܲ!Ó ü®yÜ ˛yhsˇy ˆ§öñ !ÓK˛yö Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢
xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏöÓ˚ !Ó!¢T˛ Óƒ!=˛c !ÓÓ≈ï˛ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ Ó˚by
§y•yÓẙÎ˚ Ä Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛y •y•ẑ ÏܲyˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ xy•zöç#Ó#Óẙ–
˛õ%!°¢ xÓfiÌy !öÎ˚sfˆÏî xyöyÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°Ä
í˛ẑ Ï_!çï˛ çöï˛yˆÏܲ xyÎ˚ˆÏ_ xyöˆÏï˛ Ó•% §üÎ˚
ˆ°ˆÏà ÎyÎ˚– fiÌyö#Î˚ xy•zöç#Ó# ü%Ü%˛° !ÓŸªyˆÏ§Ó˚
Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛Ä û˛yäã%˛Ó˚ ã˛y°yÎ˚ ï˛yÓ˚y– ~ÓÇ
xyÜ ˛üîܲyÓ˚#Óẙ•z ~Ó˚˛õˆÏÓ˚ !ܲå%È«˛î ã˛yܲò•ÈÙÈÓöàÑy
Ó˚yhflÏy xÓˆÏÓ˚yô ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏá Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ
Ó%!Âôç#Ó#ˆÏòÓ˚ xyàüˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ÓyˆÏò–
x!û˛ˆÏÎyàÈÙÙÙÈÓ%!Âôç#Ó# ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Ü˛ü#≈Ó˚y
ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆ˛õÔÑåȈÏöyÓ˚ §ˆÏAà §ˆÏAà xyˆÏà ˆÌˆÏܲ
çˆÏí˛¸y •ÄÎ˚y !ܲå%È ˆ°yܲ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zˆÏjˆÏ¢
x¢y°#ö ày!°ày°yç ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ¢%Ó˚% ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ï˛ÑyˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏAà ï˛Ü≈˛yï˛!Ü≈˛ ¢%Ó˚% •Î˚– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚
xyã˛üܲy•z ~ܲò° Î%Óܲ üyÓ˚ü%á# •ˆÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
xyÜ ˛üî ܲˆÏÓ˚– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y xydÓ˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛T˛y
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° !«˛Æ ò%‹,Òï˛#ˆÏòÓ˚ xyÜ ˛üî ï˛#Ó •Î˚–
çyÎ˚àyê˛y Ó˚îˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˆã˛•yÓ˚y ˆöÎ˚–
Ó%!Âôç#Ó#Óẙ xy•ï˛ •ö xˆÏöˆÏܲ•z– ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÓ¢
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ày!í˛¸ Ä fl%Òê˛yÓ˚ û˛yäã%˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y[˛Ó
ã˛y°yˆÏöy •Î˚–
ü®yÜ ˛yhsˇy ˆ§ö çyöyöñ ç°y¢Î˚ ˆÓyçyˆÏöy
Ä àyå ܲyê˛yÓ˚ âê˛öyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ܲˆÏÓ˚ •%ü!ܲÓ˚
ü%ˆÏá ˛õí˛¸y xy•zöç#Ó# ü%Ü%˛° !ÓŸªyˆÏ§Ó˚ í˛yˆÏܲ
§yí˛¸y !òˆÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ¢y!hsˇ˛õ)î≈û˛yˆÏÓ ˆ§áyˆÏö
!àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö xÓfiÌyê˛y §ˆÏÓ˚ç!üˆÏö ˆòáˆÏï˛–
x!û˛ˆÏÎyà !åÈ° ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Ãyã˛#ö ç°y¢Î˚ üy!ê˛
!òˆÏÎ˚ Ó%!çˆÏÎ˚ ˆú˛°y •ˆÏFåÈñ ò¢!ê˛ ÓˆÏí˛¸y àyåÈ ˆÜ˛ˆÏê˛
!Ó!ܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎẙ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– fiÌyö#Î˚ x!ôÓy§#
xy•zöç#Ó# ü%Ü%˛° !ÓŸªy§ ~•z âê˛öyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò
ܲˆÏÓ˚ 3 ˆú˛Ó %Îẙ!Ó˚ ü•Ü%˛üy¢y§Ü˛ˆÏܲ !ã˛!ë˛ !òˆÏÎ˚
!Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ
•%ü!ܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ !ã˛!ë˛ xy§y ¢%Ó˚% •Î˚– !ï˛!ö ˛õ%!°ˆÏ¢Ó˚
ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ§ !ӣψÏÎ˚ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö–
ü®yÜ ˛yhsˇy ˆ§ö ӈϰöñ ˆ§!òö ˛õ%!°¢
≤ây§ˆÏöÓ˚ §yüˆÏö•z ï,˛îü)ˆÏ°Ó˚ ò%‹,Òï˛#Óẙ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
xyÜ ˛üî ܲˆÏÓ˚– ï˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏà âê˛öyfïϰ
í˛z˛õ!fiÌï˛ ï˛yï˛°yÈÙÈ1 @ˇÃyü˛õM˛yˆÏÎ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ≤Ãôyö
ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zˆÏjˆÏ¢ ӈϰöñ Ú~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ~áyˆÏö ~ˆÏ°
ë%˛ˆÏܲ ˆòÓÛ– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ï˛Ü≈˛yï˛!Ü≈˛ ¢%Ó˚% •ˆÏ°
°y!ë˛ˆÏ§yê˛yñ ôyÓ˚yˆÏ°y xflf Ä xyˆÏ@¿Î˚yflf !öˆÏÎ˚
ï,˛îü)ˆÏ°Ó˚ ~•z ˆöï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆöï,˛ˆÏc•z •yü°y
ã˛y°yˆÏöy •Î˚– ïÑ˛yÓ˚y xy•ï˛ •ö– ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ày!í˛¸
ˆû˛ˆÏä ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚– ï,˛îü)ˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛à%u˛yÓ˚y ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚
!âˆÏÓ˚ ôÓ˚ˆÏ° ˛õ%!°¢ ≤Ã̈Ïü !ö!‹;Î˚ !åÈ° ˛õˆÏÓ˚
í˛zˆÏŒê˛ •yü°yܲyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚•z §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏ°•z
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà–
ï,˛îü)ˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ xÓ¢ƒ x!û˛ˆÏÎyà
xfl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓẙ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ã˛yܲòˆÏ•Ó˚ !ÓôyÎ˚ܲ ï˛Ìy
üsf# Ó˚by ˆây£Ï à[˛ˆÏàyˆÏ°Ó˚ áÓÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚
âê˛öyfïϰ Îyö– §ÇÓyòüyôƒüˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö
ӈϰöñ ÚÎï˛ò)Ó˚ çy!ö ÄáyˆÏö ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ û˛Ó˚yê˛ Óy
àyåÈ Ü˛yê˛y •Î˚!ö– ~ܲ§üÎ˚ ~áyöܲyÓ˚ üyˆÏë˛Ó˚
üy!ê˛ ˆÜ˛ˆÏê˛ fl%Ò° ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ~áö
xy!òÓy§# §¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fiÌyö#Î˚ !ܲå%È üyö%£Ï
üyë˛!ê˛ˆÏܲ §ÇflÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚!åȈϰö– ~ê˛yˆÏܲ ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚
û˛Ó˚yê˛ Ó°y •ˆÏFåÈÛ–
!ÓÓï≈˛ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ ӈϰöÈÙÙÙÈÚ~áö xyüÓẙ àî
!Ó°%!ÆÓ˚ §)ã˛öy˛õˆÏÓ≈– ~áö üyö%£Ï Î!ò ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚
û˛Óẙê˛ xyÓ˚ àyåÈ Ü˛yê˛y Órô öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ xyÓ˚ ê˛yܲyÓ˚
çöƒ Óẙç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ˆöï˛yÓẙ Ä ç!üÈÙÈüy!ú˛ÎẙÓẙ
~ܲˆÏçyê˛ •ö xyÓ˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚«˛yܲyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ ~•zû˛yˆÏÓ
ˆ˛õê˛yˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲöñ ï˛ˆÏÓ xy˛õöyÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒÄ xy§ß¨–
!öˆÏÓòöñ ~•z ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏܲ˛ ÓÑyã˛yö–Û
}!Âô ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ @ˇÃ•ï˛yÓ˚y §Çáƒy ≤Ãܲy¢ xö%¤˛yö
ˆ§yüöyÌ ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚
˛xï˛#ï˛Ü˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ û˛yê˛˛õyí˛¸y !öˆÏÎ˚
ÓyÇ°y ï˛Ìy Óyäy!°Ó˚ àˆÏÓ≈Ó˚ xhsˇ
!åÈ° öy– ˆòÓû˛y£Ïy ã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü
˛õ#ë˛û)˛!ü !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ !Ó˛õ%° ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛!ï˛
!åÈ° xô%öy í˛z_Ó˚ 24 ˛õÓ˚àöy
ˆç°yÓ˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ ~•z çö˛õò!ê˛Ó˚–
!öÜ˛ê˛ xï˛#ˆÏï˛ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ê˛yöyˆÏ˛õyˆÏí˛¸ˆÏö
!ÓÓï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ Äë˛y û˛yê˛˛õyí˛¸yÓ˚ xhsˇÉfïϰ ~áöÄ
ˆÎ !öû,˛ï˛ §yÓ˚fl∫ï˛§yôöyÓ˚ xü!°ö ò#˛õ!¢áy!ê˛
≤ÃIμ!°ï˛ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ í˛z_Ó˚˛õ%Ó˚%£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ ܲü≈ܲyˆÏ[˛Ó˚
ˆû˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚•z Ó%!é˛ ≤Ãüyî !ü°ö àï˛ 23
ˆú˛Ó %Îẙ!Ó˚ 2020ñ û˛yê˛˛õyí˛¸y ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
}!Âô §y!•ï˛ƒ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ ˆ£Ïyí˛¸¢ Óy!£Ï≈ܲ ã˛ï%˛!Ó≈Ç¢
§ÇáƒyÓ˚ §yí˛¸¡∫Ó˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ xö%¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ üôƒ
!òˆÏÎ˚– û˛yê˛˛õyí˛¸yÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ܲöyÌ •ˆÏ° ~•z
í˛z˛õ°ˆÏ«˛ƒ Ó•% !Ó!¢T˛ à%î# üyö%£ÏçˆÏöÓ˚ §üyˆÏÓ¢
âˆÏê˛!åÈ° Ä•z!òö–
¢•Ó˚ï˛!° ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ §y!•ï˛ƒ
˛õ!eܲyà%ˆÏ°yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ }!Âô §y!•ï˛ƒ ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚
fl∫ï˛sf ã˛!Ó˚e Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– §¡õyòܲ ï˛ß√Î˚ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈
§ÎˆÏb xyàˆÏ° ˆÓ˚ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ~•z ˛õ!eܲy!ê˛ˆÏܲ
~ï˛Ü˛y°– §y!•ï˛ƒ ˛õ!eܲy !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ Ü˛ï˛à%ˆÏ°y
ܲ!Óï˛yñ à“ñ í˛z˛õöƒy§ åÈy˛õyÓ˚ §•!çÎ˚y ˛õrÌy
ˆåȈÏí˛¸ !ï˛!ö !Ó£ÏÎ˚yö%à û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç
!öˆÏçˆÏܲ Î%=˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– xyÓ˚ ˆï˛üö û˛yÓöyÓ˚•z
í˛zIμ° ú˛§° !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ xyüÓ˚y ~ˆÏܲ ~ˆÏܲ
ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åÈ üöö¢#° öyöy Ó˚ã˛öyÎ˚ §ü,Âô
~ˆÏܲܲ!ê˛ §ÇáƒyÈÙÙÙÈflø,!ï˛ S2006Vñ xyU˛y
S2007Vñ xyüsfî xy˛õƒyÎ˚ö ˆû˛yçö
S2008Vñ ü!öÓÈÙÈû,˛ï˛ƒ S2009Vñ û˛yê˛˛õyí˛¸y
§üyç Ä §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ S2010Vñ üö Ä ˆüçyç
S2011Vñ ˆ˛õyܲyüyܲˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ ˛õÑyã˛y!° S2012Vñ
ú˛°ÈÙÈú˛°y!ò S2013Vñ ˆüâ S2014Vñ
û˛yÓ˚§yüƒ S2015Vñ ¢!=˛ S2016Vñ xyM˛!°Ü˛
•z!ï˛•y§ ã˛ã≈˛yÈÙÈ1ÈÙÈ2 S2017ÈÙÈ18Vñ ˛õM˛ò¢Ó£Ï≈
˛õ)!ï≈˛ §ÇáƒyÈÙÈ˛õÑyã˛ˆÏü¢y!° S2019V ~ÓÇ
~ÓåÈÓ˚ ~•z ï˛y!°Ü˛yÎ˚ öÓï˛ü §ÇˆÏÎyçö •°
@ˇÃ•ï˛yÓ˚y S2020V–
@ˇÃ•ï˛yÓ˚y §ÇáƒyÓ˚ ¢%û˛≤Ãܲy¢ xö%¤˛yˆÏö
í˛z˛õ!fiÌï˛ !åȈϰö !Ó!¢T˛ !Ó!¢T˛ !ÓK˛yöˆÏ°áܲ
xôƒy˛õܲ Ó˚îˆÏï˛y£Ï ã˛Ü ˛Óï˛#≈ñ ÚflÒy•z ÄÎ˚yã˛y§≈
xƒyˆÏ§y!§ˆÏÎ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ §¡õyòܲ ˆ§ÔˆÏüö ü%áy!ç≈ñ
¢%ô% §%®Ó˚Óö ã˛ã≈˛y ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ §¡õyòܲ
ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó˚wöyÓ˚yÎ˚î °y!•í˛¸# ≤Ãü%á !Ó!¢T˛
üyö%£ÏÓ˚y– §¡õyòܲ ï˛ß√Î˚ û˛Ryã˛yˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ fl∫yàï˛
û˛y£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ˆÏܲ ~ˆÏܲ Ó=˛Óƒ Ó˚yˆÏáö
xyü!sfï˛ !Ó!¢T˛ x!ï˛!ÌÓ˚y– ◊#
Ó˚îˆÏï˛y£Ï ã˛Ü ˛Óï˛#≈ ü•y¢Î˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚
û˛y£ÏˆÏî !Óflø,ï˛≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈K˛yö#
Ó˚yôyˆÏày!Ó® ã˛ˆÏwÓ˚ S1878ÈÙÈ
1975V !ÓfløÎ˚ܲÓ˚ §yôöyÓ˚ öyöyö
xܲ!Ìï˛ Ü˛y!•!ö ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö–
ˆ§ÔˆÏüö ü%áy!ç≈Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛
~° Ó˚yï˛ÈÙÈxyܲy¢ ã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ x˛õyÓ˚
xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ܲÌy– ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈K˛yö ã˛ã≈˛yÎ˚ ¢ˆÏáÓ˚
ˆçƒy!ïÈ!Ó≈K˛yö#ˆÏòÓ˚ öyöy Ü,˛!ï˛cˆÏܲ fløÓ˚î
ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ flÒy•z ÄÎ˚yã˛y§≈
xƒyˆÏ§y!§ˆÏÎ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ !Ó!Óô ܲü≈ܲyˆÏ[˛Ó˚
í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !ï˛!ö–
ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó˚wöyÓ˚yÎ˚î °y!•í˛¸# xï˛ƒhsˇ
◊ÂôyÓ˚ §ˆÏAà fløÓ˚î ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !˛õï,˛Óƒ
ï˛Ìy xܲy° ≤ÃÎ˚yï˛ ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈K˛yö# xô%öy
!Óflø,ï˛ üî#wöyÓ˚yÎ˚î °y!•í˛¸#ˆÏܲ– x!Óû˛=˛
ˆü!òö#˛õ%Ó˚ ˆç°yÓ˚ §yí˛zÓ˚# @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ ˆû˛y°yöyÌ
!Óòƒyü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ~•z !ÓK˛yö§yôܲ !¢«˛Ü˛
!öˆÏçÓ˚ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ ≤ÃÎ˚yˆÏ§ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
åÈyeÈÙÈåÈye#ˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö
ˆçƒy!ï˛!Ó≈òy ã˛ã≈˛yˆÏܲñ ÎyÓ˚ í˛zIμ° ú˛§° ≤Ãáƒyï˛
ˆçƒy!ï˛˛õ≈òyÌ≈!Óò ≤ÃÎ˚yï˛ öyÓ˚yÎ˚îã˛w Ó˚yöy–
~üö•z §Ó xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ˛õ!eܲy
≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ü%•)ï≈˛!ê˛ˆÏܲ fløÓ˚î#Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆÓ˚ˆÏá!åÈ°– §üˆÏÓï˛ §%ô#çˆÏöÓ˚ §!¡ø!°ï˛
§Çà#ï˛ Úxyܲy¢ û˛Ó˚y §)Î≈ï˛yÓ˚yÛÎ˚ ~!òˆÏöÓ˚
xö%¤˛yö ˆ¢£Ï •Î˚–
Úܲ°Ü˛yï˛y x˛õ≈îÈÛ Èã˛yÓ˚ ò¢ˆÏܲÓ˚Ä ˆÓ!¢ §üÎ˚
ôˆÏÓ˚ !¢“ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏ¢
òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyàyü#ˆÏï˛Ä üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !ÓܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚
˛ṏÏܲ §%àü Ä ≤çy!Ó˚ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚ñ ã˛yÎ˚
§¡õˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ !ö!Óí˛¸ xyd#Î˚ï˛y ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– 24
ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚ •yçÓ˚yÓ˚ xy¢%ˆÏï˛y£Ï ˆüˆÏüy!Ó˚Î˚y°
•ˆÏ° xyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ xö%¤˛yˆÏö ~ !åÈ° §Çàë˛ˆÏöÓ˚
§û˛y˛õ!ï˛ •,òˆÏÓ˚yà !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ í˛ı û˛ÓˆÏï˛y£Ï
!ÓŸªyˆÏ§Ó˚ §yÓ˚ ܲÌy– ~ܲ!ê˛ xàï˛yö%à!ï˛Ü˛
§rôƒyÎ˚ ~!òö àyö xyÓ,!_ åÈyí˛¸yÄ
!§ˆÏöüyˆÏê˛y@ˇÃyú˛yÓ˚ ˆ§ÔˆÏü®% Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏܲ x!§ï˛
ü[˛° flø,!ï˛ú˛°Ü˛ Ä öyê˛ƒ!Óò |£Ïy àyAà%!°ˆÏܲ
xyÓ˚!ï˛ ü[˛° flø,!ï˛ú˛°Ü˛ §¡øyööy ï%˛ˆÏ° ˆòö
ü[˛° ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §%˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ !¢“#
öyê˛ƒy!û˛ˆÏöe# !ã˛ey ˆ§ö Ä ï˛Ó!°Î˚y ˛õ![˛ï˛
!Ó≤’Ó ü[˛°– x§%fiÌ ◊#Ó˚yÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
x˛õ≈îˆÏܲ x!û˛ö®ö çyöyö– |£Ïy àyAà%!°
x˛õ≈ˆÏîÓ˚ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲï˛yÎ˚ x!û˛û)˛ï˛–
§Çàë˛öÈÙȧ¡õyòܲ !ã˛e§yÇÓy!òܲ ˆ§Ô!üï˛
ü[˛° x˛õ≈ˆÏîÓ˚ xyàyü# ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öyÓ˚ ܲÌy
ӈϰöÈÙÙÙÈxyüÓ˚y §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ ˆ§yöy!°
xï˛#ï˛ˆÏܲ û%˛!° öyñ ◊Âôy ܲ!Ó˚ñ öÓ#öˆÏòÓ˚Ä
≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ §%ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ò•z–
§üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020 3
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y x˛õ≈ˆÏîÓ˚ §¡øyööy ≤Ãòyö xö%¤˛yö
ˆ§yˆÏü¢ ûÑ)˛•z~èy
çß√¢ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈
üöfl∫# !ã˛hsˇÜ˛
!¢ÓöyÓ˚yÎ˚î Ó˚yÎ˚
ˆÓy!ô§_¥ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈
Óyê˛Δ≈yu˛ Ó˚yˆÏ§° 1957 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑Ó˚ 24ˆü
ï˛y!Ó˚ˆÏá ˆ°áy ~ܲ!ê˛ !ã˛!ë˛ˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛
!°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ı “Mr. Sibnarayan Ray stands
for a point of view which I consider
important in every part of the world
including India. ... Mr. Ray’s writing
ably represents a more reasonable
point of view than that of most writers
of our time.” ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ xyÓ% §Î˚#ò
xy•zÎ˚%ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˆ°áy ~ܲ!ê˛ !ã˛!ë˛ˆÏï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛
◊Âôy Ä §æü û˛#£Ïî xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ ı ÚÚxy˛õöyÓ˚
Ó•z ˛õˆÏí˛¸ xy!ü á%Ó á%!¢ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ ~ÓÇ xy˛õöyÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛ ◊Âôy xyˆÏÓ˚y ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– xy˛õöyÓ˚
!ÓòƒyÓ_yñ !ã˛hsˇy¢#°ï˛y Ä Ó˚ã˛öy¢!=˛Ó˚ xy!ü
ÓÓ˚yÓÓ˚ à%î@ˇÃy•#–ÛÛ •Ñƒyñ !ï˛!ö •ˆÏ°ö
!¢ÓöyÓ˚yÎ˚î Ó˚yÎ˚ñ §üܲy°#ö ï˛yÓí˛¸ üö#£Ï#Ü%˛°
ÎÑyÓ˚ à%îü%?ô– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ çß√ 20 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ 1921–
§üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ à!îï˛ xö%ÎyÎ˚# 2020ÈÙÈÓ˚ 20
çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ !ï˛!ö ¢ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ ˛õòy˛õ≈î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈ˆÏܲ §Ó≈yˆÏÌ≈ fløÓ˚î#Î˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓAà
ÓyÇ°y xyܲyˆÏò!ü §û˛yà,ˆÏ• àï˛ 20 ~ÓÇ 25
çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ ò%!ê˛ §û˛y xyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
xyˆÏÎẙçˆÏöÓ˚ ˆö˛õˆÏ̃ !åȈϰö !¢ÓöyÓẙÎ˚î ÓẙÎ˚
¢ï˛Óy!£Ï≈ܲ fløyÓ˚ܲ §!ü!ï˛– !¢“ÈÙȧy!•ï˛ƒÈÙ
ȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛ çàˆÏï˛Ó˚ áƒyï˛öyüy Óƒ!=˛cˆÏòÓ˚
í˛z˛õ!fiÌ!ï˛ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö §yú˛°ƒü![˛ï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– 20 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ ˆ§yüÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xö%¤˛yˆÏö
!Ó≤’Ó ü[˛°ñ í˛z£Ïy àyAà%!°ñ ˆ§ÔˆÏü®% Ó˚yÎ˚ Ä !ã˛ey ˆ§ö
~!òö öyöy Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ §Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ í˛y!°ˆÏï˛ !åÈ°
≤Ãû˛y!ï˛ àyöñ ˆàyô)!°Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yñ Ó˚Ó#w§Çà#ï˛ñ
ˆú˛ˆÏ° xy§y ÓyÇ°y àyö S§ï˛#öyÌÈÙÈí˛zͲõ°yV
~ÓÇ üM˛à#!ï˛– ˛õyÌ≈ ˆ§öà%Æñ çÓy
ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ !öçfl∫ û˛!AàˆÏï˛ û˛yˆÏ°y
ˆàˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ≤ÃÓ#îˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ¢%ºy ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚
§≤Ãyî !åȈϰö– üM˛à#!ï˛ˆÏï˛ flø,!ï˛üÎ˚
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yˆÏܲ ü%áÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö ˆ°áܲ
àˆÏÓ£Ïܲ ˆòÓ!çͲ ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏöyÓ˚ü
í˛z˛õfiÌy˛õöy åÈyí˛¸yÄ x˛õ≈ˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÎẙçˆÏö ÓˆÏí˛¸y
˛õyÄöy !åÈ° !Ó≤’Ó ü[˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ï˛Ó°y Óyòö–
xyÓ,!_ˆÏï˛ !ü!° !ÓŸªy§ §ˆÏÓ˚y!çö# öy•zí%˛Ó˚
SÓyÇ°yÎ˚˚ xö)!òï˛V ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ñ ˆüy•ü%!=˛Ó˚ àyˆÏö
Ü,˛£÷ܲ!° ï˛Ó˚ú˛òyÓ˚ ÎÌyÎÌ !åȈϰö–
[20.01.1921È ÈÙÈ 26.02.2008]
Ó=˛y !åȈϰö ÎÌyÜ ˛ˆÏü x!üÎ˚ ˆòÓñ xy¢#£Ï °y!•í˛¸#ñ
{¢y ü•¡øòñ ˆày°yü ü%Ó˚!¢òñ çÎ˚ ˆàyfl∫yü# ~ÓÇ
¢%û˛y≤çߨ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈– §û˛y˛õ!ï˛c ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö
ˆ•yˆÏ§ö%Ó˚ Ó˚•üyö– ܲ!Óï˛y˛õyˆÏë˛ !åȈϰö ÎÌyÜ ˛ˆÏü
!Óôyö ˛õy° ~ÓÇ í˛y!°Îẙ òy§– !¢ÓöyÓẙÎ˚î ÓẙˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
Ú!ÓˆÏÓܲ# !ÓˆÏoyˆÏ•Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚¡õÓẙÛ @ˇÃrÌ!ê˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü
xyö® ˛õyÓ!°¢y§≈ Ü,˛ï˛ §ÇflÒÓ˚î ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚–
§ü@ˇÃ xö%¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ §M˛y°öyÎ˚ !åȈϰö x!§ï˛ ˆ§ö–
!mï˛#Î˚ !òö xÌ≈yÍ 25 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ ¢!öÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
xö%¤˛yˆÏö Ó=˛y !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ üˆÏM˛ í˛z˛õ!ÓT˛ !åȈϰö
ÎÌyܲˆÏü ü#Óẙï%˛ö öy•yÓ˚ñ ≤ÃÓy° òy¢à%Æ ~ÓÇ
x!§ï˛ ˆ§ö– xö%¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ §û˛y˛õ!ï˛c ܲˆÏÓ˚ö
ˆ§ÔÓ˚#ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈– ܲ!Óï˛y˛õyˆÏë˛ !åȈϰö ˛õAܲç
§y•y– ~!òˆÏöÓ˚ xö%¤˛yˆÏö ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
Ú!¢ÓöyÓẙÎ˚î ÓẙÎ˚ ı ¢ï˛Óy!£Ï≈ܲ fløyÓ˚ܲ@ˇÃrÌÛ ~ÓÇ
!çK˛y§y ˛õ!eܲy– ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ £Ï¤˛!eÇ¢ ӈϣÏ≈Ó˚
§Çáƒy!ê˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§!òö– ~!òˆÏöÓ˚
xö%¤˛yö §M˛y°öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö •zö!ï˛áyÓ xy°ü–
!¢ÓöyÓ˚yÎ˚î Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ
ò%!òˆÏö xyàï˛ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛ Ó=˛yˆÏòÓ˚ §¡øyööy
K˛y˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !üÓ˚yu˛y Ó˚yÎ˚ ~ÓÇ xö%Ó˚!ï˛ Ó˚yÎ˚–
≤ÃÌü !òˆÏöÓ˚ xö%¤˛yö ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï ôöƒÓyòK˛y˛õˆÏö
!åȈϰö !üï˛y Ó˚yÎ˚– ¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈y§#ö ≤ÃyK˛ !ã˛hsˇÜ˛
!¢ÓöyÓẙÎ˚î ÓẙÎ˚ˆÏܲ ΈÏÌy!ã˛ï˛ üÎ≈yòyÎ˚ fløÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚
xyˆÏÎ˚yçö §yú˛°ƒü![˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ˆÏ•ö
xyˆÏÓ˚y xyˆÏÎ˚yçˆÏöÓ˚ xy¢yÎ˚ xˆÏ˛õ«˛üyî
xyüÓ˚y §Óy•z–
4 §üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020
¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ §,çö#@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ !öü≈yîܲyç
ˆ°áy Ä åÈ!Ó xÓ˚%ˆÏî®% ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚
!¢“#@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ çyÓ˚%° àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏ°
ˆÎ!òö ˆû˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!á ˆàˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰ñ ˆ§!òö üˆÏö
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° öyöy !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏä ˆÓ˚áyÎ˚ ˙ܲƒ ˆÎö
ˆçˆÏà í˛z벰– ˆÜ˛yÓ˚y˛õ%ˆÏê˛Ó˚ !¢“#Ó˚y xyÿ˛Î≈
ò«˛ï˛yÎ˚ xy!òÓy§# !¢“à%ˆÏîÓ˚ §ÇˆÏܲï˛üÎ˚
û˛y£Ïy x®Ó˚fiÌy˛õˆÏï˛ƒ çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ°–
ܲyˆÏåÈÓ˚ !˛õÓ˚Î˚§ö˛õ!Õ‘ Ä Ü˛y°#àˆÏOÓ˚
§ÑyÄï˛y°!¢“#Ó˚y ~ˆÏ§ Ó°° òyòyñ xy!òÓy§#
Ü%˛!ê˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ü%˛°%!Aà Ä çyö°yÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚˛õy¢
§ÑyÄï˛y°ÈÙÈ˛õˆÏê˛ ˆÎüö ÌyˆÏܲÈÙÙÙÈÓ˚!äö Ä ˆÓ˚áyÓ˚
à“ !òˆÏÎ˚ ~шÏܲ ˆòÓ– !ã˛!hsˇï˛û˛yˆÏÓ ÓˆÏ°!åÈ°yüñ
!û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ ܲyç ˆï˛y ≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆ¢ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ü%ˆÏáñ
ܲyç ˆ¢£Ï ܲÓẙÓ˚ ï˛yí˛¸y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ üye ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!òö
Óy!ܲ– ˛õyÓ˚!Ó ˆï˛yÓ˚y xÑyܲˆÏï˛⁄ ˛õê˛!ã˛e xyÓ˚
Ü%˛°%!AàåÈ!Ó ˆï˛y xy°yòyÊ
ï˛Ó%Ä ˆ§!òö ã˛[˛# •Ñy§òyˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zͧyˆÏ• û˛yê˛y
˛õˆÏí˛¸!ö– ˛õÑyã˛à%î í˛zͧyˆÏ• ˆ°ˆÏà ˛õí˛¸°ñ ò°
!öˆÏÎ˚– üˆÏö •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° í˛zˆÏŒê˛y!òˆÏܲÓ˚
ˆüˆÏë˛y˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ Ä!í˛¸¢yÈÙȈÏܲyÓ˚y˛õ%ˆÏê˛Ó˚
!¢“ÈÙÈx®Ó˚ÈÙÈܲÌyÓ˚ ˆçyÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– öyöy Ó˚ˆÏä
à“ÈÙÈåÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ ˆçˆÏà í˛z벰 x!û˛öÓ xy!ò!ã˛e
ܲÌyñ öï%˛ö xy!AàˆÏܲ– ˛õê˛!ã˛e ˆÌˆÏܲ
ˆòÄÎ˚y°!ã˛e !åÈ° ~ܲ ühflÏ Îyey– xyˆÏà
ˆ§û˛yˆÏÓ âˆÏê˛!ö ˆÓyô•Î˚– !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚
xhsˇÓ˚˜Ï¢°# !òˆÏÎ˚ öï%˛ö üyeyÎ˚˛ !¢“ÈÙÈfiÌy˛õï˛ƒ
Ó˚)˛õ !öˆÏï˛ °yà°ñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚•z í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà– Ó°ˆÏï˛
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !môy•z ˆö•zñ üˆÏö àÓ≈ xyˆÏåÈñ
˛õyÓ˚flõ!Ó˚ܲ Ä!í˛¸¢y Ä ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ xy!òÓy§#
!ö˛õ%î !¢“ñ öï%˛ö !ÓöƒyˆÏ§ Ó˚)˛õ !ö° ≤ÈÏÎ˚yˆÏàÓ˚
x!û˛öÓˆÏcñ !ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ ˙ŸªˆÏÎ≈– Îy !åÈ° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
!öçfl∫ í˛zqyÓöy– ˛õÓ˚#«˛y!öÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ öï%˛ö
ú˛§°– ~•z §yú˛°ƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z §,!T˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°
fiÌyö#Î˚ x!û˛öÓ x®Ó˚– !Ó!ã˛e ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà!¢“–
ĈÏòÓ˚ í»˛•zÇ !åÈ° xy!ò ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚
ã˛°FåÈ!Óñ à“ ˆÌˆÏܲ àˆÏ“– Îáö !û˛ï˛Ó˚ÈÙÈâˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
§Ç@ˇÃ•¢y°y ˆ§ˆÏç í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ °yà° ~•z xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
Îy˛õö !¢“ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ ܲyàˆÏçÓ˚ §yˆÏÓܲ ˛õê˛!ã˛e
ˆÌˆÏܲ Ü%˛°%!Aà Ä çyöy°yÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚
ˆòÄÎ˚y°åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ñ ˆ§!òö ˆÎö ˆÓ˚yüyM˛ ˆçˆÏà
í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°– ˛õê˛åÈ!ÓÓ˚ üyôƒü Ä ˜¢°# ≤Ãܲy¢
ˆ˛õ° ˆòÄÎ˚y°åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛– àˆÏ“àyÌyÎ˚ñ
ˆ°yܲàyÌyÎ˚ ܲÌܲï˛yÓ˚ åȈϮ–
ˆòÄÎ˚y° åÈ!Ó xÑyܲy •Î˚ˆÏï˛y ÎyÎ˚ñ !ê˛!ܲˆÏÎ˚
Ó˚yáy !ܲv ˆÓ¢ ¢=˛ ܲyç– xƒy!Ü ˛!°ˆÏܲÓ˚
xyô%!öܲ üyôƒü Ä xyhflÏÓ˚î ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ ~•z
xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ Ä Ä!í˛¸¢yÓ˚ fl∫û˛yÓ!¢“#Ó˚y xyÎ˚_
ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°ñ ï˛y ˆòˆÏá !Ó!fløï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°yü– ÎÌyÌ≈
!¢!«˛ï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛– §•!çÎ˚y û˛yÓ˚ï˛!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ flõ¢≈
Ä !Óhfl,Ïï˛ fiÌy˛õ!ï˛ƒÜ˛ ≤Ãܲy¢ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°
§,çö#ˆÏï˛– ~Ä ˆÎö ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚
û˛yÓyòˆÏ¢≈ xyÓ˚Ä ~ܲ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yàyÓ˚– ≤ÃyÎ˚
§üˆÏÎ˚•z ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï !ÓˆÏܲˆÏ° ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚âyˆÏê˛Ó˚
˛õyˆÏí˛¸ §Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ° ӈϧ ܲÌy ܲ•zï˛yüñ ˆÜ˛üö
ܲˆÏÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §yôƒüˆÏï˛y ˆ◊¤˛ ܲyç ~áyˆÏö
!òˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚Ó– ~•z ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ !¢“@ˇÃyü ï˛áö
˛õ)Ó≈yM˛° ÓẙˆÏçƒ !åÈ° öy– §Ω˛Óï˛ xyçÄ ˆö•z–
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà!¢“ §yôöyÓ˚ Ó•%üy!eܲñ
Ó•%ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚y üö ˆÌˆÏܲ ï%˛!°ˆÏï˛ Ü˛!ö≈ˆÏܲ
ˆåÈ!öˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ !ü°ˆÏï˛ °yà° àí˛¸yÓ˚ xyöˆÏ®–
~ܲê˛y ܲÌy á%Ó üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ñ ܲï˛çö à%î#
@ˇÃyü#î !¢“#Ó˚y öyöy û˛y£Ïyñ öyöyö ˜Ó!ã˛ˆÏeƒÓ˚
§üy•yÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲˆÏÎyˆÏà ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy!òö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ˛õyÓ˚flõ!Ó˚ܲ §Çâ£Ï≈ñ
§Aܲ#î≈ï˛yÓ˚ âê˛öy âˆÏê˛!ö– §Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ°!üˆÏ¢
ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°yüñ ˜Ó!ã˛ˆÏeƒÓ˚ åÈ® àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë%˛Ü˛–
öyöyö ˜¢°#Ó˚ ò,¢ƒû˛y£Ïy xyܲyÓ˚y!Î˚ï˛ xÓÎ˚ˆÏÓ
ˆçˆÏà í˛zë%˛Ü˛– •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° xˆÏöܲê˛y•zñ Órô%!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
ˆã˛yá≤Ãyî ˆü°yˆÏöy !¢“≤ÃyAàî– xyçÄñ ≤ÃyÎ˚
˛õˆÏöˆÏÓ˚y ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓƒÓôyˆÏöÄ ÓˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ–
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §¡±#!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ ˆ°yܲˆÏòáyˆÏöy Ó=+˛ï˛yÓ˚
ã˛üܲ öÎ˚– §,çö# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ °yà° !öü≈yî
Ä !¢“ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ xy˛õö ܲÌyñ §¡±#!ï˛Ó˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yàû˛y£Ïy– Ü˛ï˛ fl∫FåȈϮ !¢“#Ó˚y !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚
Î%à Î%à ôˆÏÓ˚ ÓˆÏÎ˚ xyöy !¢“ã˛ã≈˛y fiÌy˛õï˛ƒ!¢“
àë˛ˆÏö ܲyˆÏçÈ °y!àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ ü%=˛ üö ≤ÃyˆÏî–
¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ xy!òÓy§# !¢“§üyˆÏçÓ˚
¢%ܲ° üyí˛¸!í˛ ~ܲ!òö áÓÓ˚ !ò°ñ !§!ܲü xyÓ˚
é˛yí˛¸á[˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆ°yܲçö Ä !¢“#Ó˚y ~ˆÏ§
ˆàˆÏåÈñ üyˆÏë˛ ã˛°%ö– !§!ܲˆÏüÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚y ã˛y•z°
ÓÕ‘y ܲyë˛ xyÓ˚ ˆüˆÏé˛Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ í˛zö%ö ܲÓẙÓ˚ çöƒ
•zê˛ñ Óy!°– !§!ܲü xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ åÈyˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛y°yÓ˚
!Óöƒy§ Ä Ìyü §Ó•z xöƒÓ˚ܲü– Ä!í˛¸¢y Ä
ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ ˜¢°# ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚•z xy°yòy–
âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !Óöƒy§Ä Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü#– çyöy°y òÓ˚çyÓ˚
üy˛õˆÏçyá !Óöƒy§ §Ó•z xy°yòy– öyöy ã˛y°yÓ˚
âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üy˛õÄ !Ó!û˛ß¨– ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyë˛yˆÏüy
Ä•z ˛õy•y!í˛¸ xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ˜¢°# ˆÌˆÏܲ•z §,çö#Ó˚
üyˆÏë˛ ˛õyܲy˛õy!ܲ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– xˆÏöܲ xyˆÏà
ˆÌˆÏܲ•z Ä•z xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢!öü≈yî˜Ï¢°#ñ
fiÌy˛õï˛ƒ Ä ˜òö!®ö ç#ÓöÎy˛õö §M˛Î˚ §Ç@ˇÃ•
ܲÓẙ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyç •ÄÎẙÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ !§!ܲü
ˆÌˆÏܲ !ӈϢ£ÏK˛Ó˚y ˆòˆÏá!åȈϰö– ˆ§ öy •Î˚
•°ñ !¢“ÈÙÈfiÌy˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §üß∫ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏç
ˆ§áyöܲyÓ˚ ˛õy•y!í˛¸ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö !åÈ°
xˆÏöܲáy!ö– fiÌy˛õˆÏï˛ƒ åÈ® àˆÏí˛¸ ĈÏë˛ ï˛áö•z
Îáö fiÌyö#Î˚ !¢“#Ó˚y fiÌy˛õï˛ƒˆÏò•ˆÏܲ
≤ÈÏÎ˚yà!¢ˆÏ“ ≤ÃyîÓyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛yˆÏ°ö– ˆ§
ܲyˆÏç•z !§!ܲü ˆÌˆÏܲ !¢“#Ó˚y ~ˆÏ§
ˆ˛õÑÔåȈϰö– ܲyë˛ ˆáyòy•z Ä Ü˛yˆÏë˛Ó˚ ÓÕ‘yÙÈ!¢“
!§!ܲˆÏüÓ˚ !öçfl∫ ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy xy!ò ܲÌy–
xyÿ˛Î≈ ܲyë˛ Ü˛yë˛yˆÏüyñ ˆáyòy•z !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ åȈϮ
Ä çƒy!ü!ï˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ° ~ܲ xöƒ ôyÓ˚yÓ˚
!¢“– üö !òˆÏÎ˚ àí˛¸y– ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚ x“ ܲÌyÎ˚–
ï˛áö •ï˛ !ܲñ !§!ܲˆÏüÓ˚ ܲyç ˆòáˆÏï˛ ÓyÇ°y
Ä Ä!í˛¸¢yÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚yÄ !û˛í˛¸ çüyï˛– üyë˛ àyåÈ
fiÌy˛õï˛ƒ !ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ ~ ˆÎö ~ܲ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚•z Órô%–
xöƒ ˜¢°#ˆÏï˛ñ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ ˙ܲƒï˛yˆÏö– ˆ§•z
åȈϮ Ä !öü≈yˆÏî §Ü˛ˆÏ° ˆÎyà !òï˛– !òˆÏöÓ˚
ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï !¢“#Ó˚ ò° !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚
çöƒ Ü˛ï˛ Ü˛Ìyñ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚ï˛– §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
ܲyˆÏçÈ•z !åÈ° öï%˛ö öï%˛ö û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ˆü°Órôö
Ä ˙ܲƒ§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ í˛ẑ Ïòƒyà– ã˛yÓ˚˛õy¢ !üˆÏ°!üˆÏ¢
•ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰 ç#Óhsˇ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ àƒy°y!Ó˚ÈÙÙÙÈü%=˛
xyܲyˆÏ¢ñ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏ°–
~üö ܲyç ã˛°!åÈ° ˆÎö ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ~ܲ
åÈ® ˆÌˆÏܲ xyÓ˚ ~ܲ åȈϮÓ˚ §y!Ó˚ˆÏï˛•z ~!àˆÏÎ˚
ã˛°y– •ë˛yÍ•z üö ˆû˛ˆÏä ÎyÄÎ˚y §ÇÓyˆÏò ≤ÃyÎ˚
§Ü˛ˆÏ° •ï˛Óyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°yü– ~ܲ §Ü˛yˆÏ°
áÓÓ˚ ~°– ܲy°#àˆÏOÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚y áÓÓ˚ xyö°ñ
@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ ≤Ãyî¢!=˛ Ó%Ñô!ö xyÓ˚ ˆö•z– üyÓẙ ˆàˆÏåÈ–
Ü˛ï˛•zÈÙÈÓy ÓÎ˚§ !åÈ° Ó%Ñô!öÓ˚– !ï˛!Ó˚¢Ä ˆÓyô•Î˚
ˆ˛õˆÏÓẙÎ˚!ö– •ë˛yÍ•z ã˛ˆÏ° ˆà° xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ñ
ܲyçÈ Îáö à!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈÊ ˆÎ!òö
!˛õÎ˚Ó˚§ö˛õ!Õ‘Ó˚ ˛õ!Õ‘ü[˛ˆÏ˛õ §Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ°
¢˛õÌ !öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° §,çö#•z •ˆÏÓ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ öï%˛ö
¢!=˛§M˛ÈyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ç!üñ 2011Ȉï˛ÙÙÙÈÓ˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚
~ܲˆÏ¢y ˛õM˛y¢ ÓåȈÏÓ˚•z ˛õ)î≈ï˛yÓ˚ xy¢y
ˆçˆÏà!åÈ°ñ !ë˛Ü˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˛õÑyã˛ÈÙÈåÈÎ˚ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚
üˆÏôƒ•z ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ¢# Ó˚yçƒ !öˆÏÎ˚
≤ÃÌü ôy˛õ ˛õ)î≈ï˛y °yû˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓñ ˆöï,˛c ˆòˆÏÓ
¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ xy!òÓy§# !¢“#§üyçñ
Ó%Ñô!ö•z ˆçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏAà §Óy•zˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãï˛ƒÎ˚
çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ°– ˆÎ ܲÌy xyˆÏàÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy
~ܲ §ÇáƒyÎ˚ çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°yü–
§Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ° çyÓ˚%°àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ ï˛°yÎ˚
!üˆÏ°!üˆÏ¢ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°ñ xyÓ˚Ä û˛yˆÏ°y ܲyç
~•z §,çö# @ˇÃyˆÏü ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓñ Ó%Ñô!öÓ˚ ܲÌy
ˆû˛ˆÏÓ– fløÓ˚ˆÏîñ ◊ÂôyÎ˚– ˆ§!òö Ó§ˆÏhsˇÓ˚
!ÓˆÏܲˆÏ°ñ àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ í˛yˆÏ°ÈÙÈí˛yˆÏ° öï%˛ö ˛õyï˛yÓ˚y
Ó§ˆÏhsˇÓ˚ Óyï˛yˆÏ§ ˆ•ˆÏ°ò%ˆÏ° ˆÎö !öû≈˛Î˚
ܲÓ˚!åÈ°– IJõÓ˚ÈÙÈí˛yˆÏ° ˛õí˛ḩsˇ §)ˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ !òöˆÏ¢ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
xyˆÏ°yÎ˚ ˛õy!áÓẙ xyÓyÓ˚ ˆí˛ˆÏܲ í˛ẑ Ïë˛!åÈ°– í˛yܲ
!òˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° Ó%Ñô!öÓ˚ flø,!ï˛– ˆÜ˛üöû˛yˆÏÓ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚
ˆÜ˛yˆÏ° ÓÑyã˛ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° Ó%Ñô!öñ §Óy•ẑ Ïܲ ܲyˆÏåÈ
ˆí˛ˆÏܲñ ܲyˆÏåÈ !öˆÏÎ˚ÈÙÙÙȈϧ ܲÌy Ä!í˛¸¢yñ !§!ܲü
Ä é˛yí˛¸áˆÏ[˛Ó˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ Ó°!åÈ°yü– !öÉ¢ˆÏ∑Ó˚
§ã˛°ï˛yÎ˚ !¢“#Óẙ û˛yÓˆÏï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ!åÈ°ÈÙÙÙÈ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚
ܲyç ˆÎö •Î˚ §Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ°ñ §Ü˛°ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚–
Ó%Ñô!öÓ˚ @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚yÈÙÙÙÈã˛[˛#ñ Ó˚yüñ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆú˛°°È Ü%˛°%!AàÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚˛õy¢ñ çyöy°yÓ˚
ã˛yÓ˚˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ §ÑyÄï˛y° ˛õê˛!ã˛eÈÙÈ!û˛!_ܲ åÈ!Ó
xyÓ˚Ä û˛yˆÏ°yû˛yˆÏÓ öï%˛ö í˛zIμ° Ó˚ˆÏä ÓẙäyˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– ÓÑ%ô!ö ˆÎö §,çö#ˆÏï˛ Ó§hsˇ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓшÏã˛
ÌyˆÏܲ– §ÑyÄï˛y°§üyˆÏç ˛õ%öç≈ˆÏß√Ó˚ ˆ°yܲܲÌy
ÌyˆÏܲ– ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏ°Ó˚ !ã˛Ó˚üyö%£Ï# Ó%Ñô!öñ
ˆ§!òö Ó˚yˆÏï˛ ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ âˆÏÓ˚ xyüyÓ˚
åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ ~°– ˆÓ˚áyÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ çy!àˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ°
ˆû˛ˆÏä ˛õí˛¸y üöˆÏܲ– ˆ°yܲ!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ü!•üy
ˆ§!òö xˆÏöܲê˛y•z ˆÎö Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°yü
x!û˛K˛ï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ– •ï˛y¢yñ ü,ï%˛ƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ ü%!=˛
ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ §•!çÎ˚y !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ à%Ó˚%c Ü˛ï˛ àû˛#Ó˚ñ
§,çö#Ó˚ üyˆÏë˛Ó˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏá !¢ˆÏá!åÈ°yü–
xyçÄ !¢ˆÏá ã˛ˆÏ°!åÈ– ü,ï%˛ƒˆÏܲ í˛z_#î≈ ܲÓ˚y
!¢“ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ü%=˛ï˛yÎ˚– fiÌyöà%Ó˚%c §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚•z
üˆÏö !åÈ°ÈÙÙÙÈ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏܲï˛ö ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢–
!§!ܲˆÏüÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚y ܲyˆÏë˛Ó˚ ÓÕ‘y !öˆÏÎ˚
x®Ó˚fiÌy˛õ!ï˛ƒÜ˛ Ìyü Ä Ü˛yÓ˚%ܲyç ܲÓ˚y !ÓˆÏüÓ˚
!¢“ àí˛¸ˆÏï˛ °yà° fl∫û˛yÓ!¢“#Ó˚ ò«˛ï˛yÎ˚ Ä
~•z ˆ°áy!ê˛Ó˚ xyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ !¢ˆÏÓ˚yöyüÄ •ˆÏï˛
˛õyÓ˚ï˛ ı Úç#ÓöyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ü•y!çK˛y§y–Û ~üö
üˆÏö •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚î ò%ˆÏê˛y– ~ܲñ Úü•y!çK˛y§yÛ
öyˆÏüÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛•z ç#Óöyö® ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åȈϰö
ˆÓï˛yˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ Ü˛!Ó§ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏö– 1954
§yˆÏ°Ó˚ 13 xˆÏQyÓÓ˚ !ï˛!ö àyÓ˚!ê˛ö ˆ≤’ˆÏ§Ó˚
fiê%˛!í˛ˆÏÎ˚yˆÏï˛ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åȈϰö ~•z ܲ!Óï˛y–È ÙÙÙȈÏܲ
öy !åȈϰö ~•z ܲ!Ó§ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏö– ܲÓ˚%îy!öôyö
ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ Ü%˛ü%òÓ˚Oö ü!Õ‘Ü˛ñ ܲy!°òy§
ÓẙÎ˚ñ Óöú%˛°ñ §çö#ܲyhsˇ òy§ñ §%ô#ö ò_– xyÓ˚
ç#Óöyö®Ä ˆ§áyˆÏö ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓö ܲ!Óï˛y–È
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆÓï˛yÓ˚ˆÏܲˆÏw xyˆÏà ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÓyÓ˚
˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°Ä ~ê˛y•z !åÈ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï ܲ!Óï˛y˛õy벖
ܲyÓ˚î ˛õÓ˚!òö•z âˆÏê˛ ÎyˆÏÓ ç#ÓöyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ˆ§•z
üü≈y!hsˇÜ˛ ê˛ΔyüÈÙÈò%â≈ê˛öy– xyÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ !òö§yˆÏï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ•z !ï˛!ö !ã˛Ó˚ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° ÎyˆÏÓö xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
ˆåȈÏí˛¸– !ܲv ˆ§ ˆï˛y ~ܲ ܲ!Óç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚
xyܲ!fløܲ ˆÓòöyòyÎ˚ܲ ˛õ!Ó˚î!ï˛–
!mï˛#Î˚ ܲyÓ˚îñ xyç ïÑ˛yÓ˚ çß√!òˆÏö S17
ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚V û˛yÓ!åÈ ~•z ܲÌy ˆÎ ܲ!Ó ˆÜ˛ö
§,çö#@ˇÃyˆÏü Ä!í˛¸¢y Ü%˛!ê˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y°!ã˛e í˛zIμ° °y°ˆÏã˛ ˛õê˛û)˛!üˆÏï˛ xÑyܲy
ç#ÓöyöˆÏ®Ó˚ àyrô#
ˆ§Ô®Î≈ §yôöyÎ˚– ӈϰ!åÈ° xyˆÏà áyí˛¸yñ
ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ày°y ˛õy!°¢– ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ Îsf˛õy!ï˛ ï˛yÓ˚y
!ö˛õ%îû˛yˆÏÓ ÓÇ¢˛õÓ˚¡õÓẙÎ˚ Ó˚«˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ–
Îsf ˜ï˛!Ó˚ñ Óy Ó°y ÎyÎ˚ §,!T˛ÈÙÙÙÈ!åÈ° x!û˛öÓ
!ÓöƒyˆÏ§ Ä í˛z˛õyòyˆÏö àí˛¸y– ÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ Îy ˛õyÄÎẙ
ÎyÎ˚ öy– ˆÜ˛yÓ˚y˛õ%ˆÏê˛Ó˚ !¢“#Ó˚yÄ xyÿ˛Î≈ ï%˛!°ñ
ãÑ˛yã˛y ú˛y!° ܲyë˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲyç ܲÓ˚ï˛–
§ÑyÄï˛y°@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ !¢“#Ó˚y xyÓyÓ˚ xöƒ ˜¢°#Ó˚
!¢“ í˛z˛õyòyöñ åÈ!Ó xÑyܲyÓ˚ §yü@ˇÃ# ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ܲÓ˚ï˛– ܲyë˛ Ä ˆ°y•y ≤Ãyôyöƒ ˆ˛õï˛– Î!òÄ
xyܲyÓ˚ Ä ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ !û˛ß¨– ~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ ≤Ãò¢≈¢y°y
àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë˛ˆÏ° ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ í˛z˛õܲyÓ˚ •Î˚– öyöyö Ó˚)˛õ
òyˆÏöÓ˚ üyôƒüÓ˚)˛õ ˆÎö ~ܲ ~ܲ xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚
xy°yòy xy°yòy– xˆÏöܲê˛y•z ܲÌyÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyÎ˚
˜Ó!ã˛ˆÏeƒÓ˚ üï˛ö– !Ó!ã˛eï˛yÈÓ˚ ˙ŸªÎ≈– ܲˆÏÓ ˆÎ
xyÓyÓ˚ xyüÓ˚y !¢!«˛ˆÏï˛Ó˚ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Óyï˛yˆÏ§
!ú˛Ó˚Óñ ˆ§Ü˛Ìy û˛yÓï%˛ü ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚âyˆÏê˛ ~ܲ°y ӈϧ
Óy ò°ÓˆÏ°–
!§!ܲˆÏüÓ˚ !¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ Ä Ü˛yˆÏç üˆÏö
˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ°ñ ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏܲï˛ö xy◊ü !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
≤ÃÌü ˛õˆÏÓ≈ñ !¢ï˛yÜ%˛ ˆ•y!Ó˚ÈÙÙÙÈçy˛õyö ˆò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ
xy§y ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü !ÓˆÏò!¢ åÈyeñ
Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ Ü˛yˆÏë˛Ó˚ ÓÕ‘y ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö
çy˛õy!ö òyÓ˚%!¢“ àí˛¸ˆÏï˛– xÌ≈§ÇÜ˛ê˛ §ˆÏ_¥Ä
Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ÓƒÓfiÌy ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– í˛zͧy•
!òˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– åÈyeÓ˚yÄ ÎyˆÏï˛ ˆ¢ˆÏá àí˛¸yÓ˚
xyöˆÏ®– ÄܲyÜ%˛Ó˚yÓ˚ §ˆÏAà !¢ï˛yÜ%˛ ˆ•y!Ó˚
~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö 1900ÈÙÈ1901 §y° öyàyò
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚– ≤Ã̈Ïü !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ !¢«˛y
˛õyö– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ §%ˆÏÓ˚ö ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ üyÓ˚ú˛ï˛
ˆçyí˛¸y§ÑyˆÏܲy •ˆÏÎ˚ ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏܲï˛ö– xyÿ˛Î≈
˛õ!Ó˚Ü ˛üy– xyÓ˚Ä xyÿ˛Î≈ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°yüñ ≤ÃyÎ˚
~ܲˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓyˆÏò xyÓyÓ˚ ≤Ãyã˛ƒ !¢“#Óẙ üyˆÏë˛
~ˆÏ§ Ó°°ñ ܲyˆÏë˛Ó˚ ÓÕ‘y ˆ˛õˆÏ° x®Ó˚û˛y£Ïy àˆÏí˛¸
ˆòˆÏÓ– ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà!¢“û˛y£Ïy ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚
!¢“ÈÙȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ xö%Óï≈˛ˆÏö– ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ fl∫Ó˚)˛õÈÙÙÙÈöyöy
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ öyöy à%î#Ó˚ §üyàˆÏü– ˆ§áyˆÏö•z ˆÓyô
•Î˚ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ ˙ܲƒñ §¡±#!ï˛ Ä ü%=˛ï˛yÊ
û˛ˆÏÓ¢ òy¢
Úü•y!çK˛y§yÛ Ü˛!Óï˛y!ê˛•z ˆÓˆÏåÈ !öˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö
ˆÓï˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲ!Ó§ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏö ˛õí˛¸ÓyÓ˚ çöƒ⁄È ÙÙÙ~•z
ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ ˆï˛y ܲ!òö xyˆÏà•z ~ܲ!ê˛ ˜ò!öˆÏܲÓ˚
¢yÓ˚ò#Î˚ §ÇáƒyÎ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ˆÜ˛yö
ü•y!çK˛y§yÎ˚ xyˆÏ°y!í˛¸ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö !ï˛!ö⁄
~•z ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y hflÏÓˆÏܲÓ˚ xÇ¢ ˛õ!í˛¸ ı
!öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚ Ó•üyö §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ áˆÏ§ !àˆÏÎ˚
§üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ çyˆÏ° xy!ü ç!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈó
Îï˛ò)Ó˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ã˛y•z ~•z ˛õê˛û)˛!ü ˆåȈÏí˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
!ã˛!•´ï˛ §yàÓ˚ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ xöƒ ~ܲ §ü%ˆÏoÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏö
•z!ï˛•y§ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ •z!ï˛•y§•#öï˛yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲÈÙÙÙÈ
üˆÏö •Î˚ ~•z xyô ܲîy ç° !òˆÏÎ˚ o%ï˛ Ó˚=˛ öò#!ê˛ˆÏܲ
fl∫FåÈ° xü° çˆÏ° ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ–
~•z ã˛yÄÎ˚y ˛õ)î≈ öyÈÙÈ•ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆÓòöy ܲ!ÓˆÏܲ
Óƒ!Ìï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ü%˛ê˛ ç!ê˛° çyˆÏ°
ç!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ÓyôƒÈÙÈ•ÄÎ˚y ~ܲçö üyö%£Ï ã˛yö
ÚÓ˚=˛ öò#!ê˛ˆÏÜ˛Û xü° çˆÏ° ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛–
ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï ˛õä‰!=˛ˆÏï˛ !ï˛!ö ~ˆÏ§ ӈϰö ı
ÚxˆÏ≤ÈÏüÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆ≤ÈÏü @’y!ö ˆÌˆÏܲ
xyˆÏ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ ü•y!çK˛y§yÛÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ÎyÓyÓ˚ ܲÌy–
~•z ¢ï˛y∑#ˆÏï˛ xyçÄñ ~áöÄ ˆÎ Ó˚=˛y=˛
˛õÌ ôˆÏÓ˚ xyüÓ˚y ã˛ˆÏ°!åÈñ ï˛áö ~ܲÌy üˆÏö
•Î˚ öy !ܲ xˆÏ≤Ãü ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆ≤ÈÏü @’y!ö ˆÌˆÏܲ
xyˆÏ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ ü•y!çK˛y§yÓ˚ ˛õÌ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õÌ–
ܲyÓ˚î ܲ!ÓÓ˚ ÄÈÙÈܲÌy ˆï˛y û%˛!°!ö xyüÓ˚y ÚÎyÓ˚y
xrô §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ xyç ˆã˛yˆÏá òƒyˆÏá ï˛yÓ˚yÛ–
ï˛y•z !ܲ ü•ydy àyrô#Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ ò,!T˛ ˆüˆÏ°
ܲ!Ó ÓˆÏ°!åȈϰö ı
xˆÏöܲ Ó˚y!eÓ˚ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ~•z ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏܲ
û˛yˆÏ°y ӈϰ üˆÏö •Î˚ó
ÈÙÙÙÈ!ܲv ˆÏܲö üˆÏö •Î˚⁄ ܲyÓ˚î ı
... ü•ydy àyrô#Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y xyˆÏ°y!Ü˛ï˛ üö
ü%ü%«˛yÓ˚ üyô%Ó˚#Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ~•z xy!◊ï˛ xy•ï˛ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚
ܲ°ƒyˆÏîÓ˚ û˛yÓöyÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ Ó˚ï˛ó
ܲyÓ˚î Úàû˛#Ó˚ï˛Ó˚ û˛yˆÏÓ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ˛õ!ï˛ï˛ˆÏܲ
û˛y°ÓyˆÏ§Û ˆ§– ˆ§ ˆÎ ڧܲˆÏ°Ó˚•z •,òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚
~ˆÏ§ ö@¿ •yï˛ Ó˚yˆÏáÛ– ܲyÓ˚î ç#Óöyö® ˆï˛y
ã˛yö!ö üye ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ û˛yˆÏ°y
ÌyܲyÈÙÙÙȧ%ˆÏá ÌyܲyÈÙÙÙÈ!Ó˚Ó˚ǧyÓ˚!=˛ü •ˆÏÎ˚ Ìyܲyó
... ã˛y!Ó˚!òˆÏܲ xrôܲyÓ˚ ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ ˆàˆÏåÈÈÙÙÙÈüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
•,òÎ˚ ܲ!ë˛öï˛Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ ... ¢y!hsˇÓ˚ ܲ°ƒyˆÏîÓ˚
xyö® §,!T˛Ó˚ ˆ§ÈÙÈ§Ó àû˛#Ó˚ K˛yö í˛ẑ Ï˛õ!«˛ï˛ ü,ï˛
xyçñ ü,ï˛ñ‡K˛yö ˛õy˛õ ~áö àû˛#Ó˚ï˛Ó˚ Óۈϰۖ
~ ˆÜ˛üö fl<°ˆÏöÓ˚ Ó˚=˛yˆÏ=˛Ó˚ !ÓˆÏÎẙˆÏàÓ˚ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#–Û
... üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤ÃyˆÏî ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy í˛zIμ°ï˛y ˆö•zñ‡¢!=˛
xyˆÏåÈñ ¢y!hsˇ ˆö•zñ ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ˆö•zñ‡ˆ≤Ãü ˆö•zñ Ó˚=˛y=˛ï˛y x!ÓÓ˚°ñÛ–
~•z åÈ!Ó §yüˆÏö ~ˆÏö•z ܲ!Ó xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲê%˛
˛õˆÏÓ˚•z ӈϰö ı Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤Ãyî ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ˆÎ•z xyfiÌy öT˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ
!ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ§ñ ü•ydy àyrô#ˆÏܲ xyfiÌy ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚
ӈϰóÛÈÙÙÙÈï˛y•z ç#Óöyö® ˆ¢£Ï ˛õä‰!=˛ˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§
ӈϰö ı ÚçÎ˚ñ xyˆÏ°y §!•£÷$ï˛y !fiÌÓ˚ï˛yÓ˚ çÎ˚–Û
ܲyÓ˚î ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆï˛y !ÓŸªy§•z !åÈ° Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ
•ÛˆÏ° ï˛Ó%Ä üyöÓ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚–Û
ç#ÓöyöˆÏ®Ó˚ !öܲê˛Órô% §%Ó˚!çÍ òy¢à%Æñ
!Î!öÄ ã˛ˆÏ° ˆàˆÏ°ö x“ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲüy§ xyˆÏàñ
!ï˛!ö ≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ܲ!ÓˆÏܲ ı Úxy˛õ!ö ˆï˛y
Ó y·ñ Ó ˆÏ· !ÓŸªy§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö öy⁄Û ç#ÓöyöˆÏ®Ó˚
í˛z_Ó˚ ı Úöy xy!ü üyöˆÏÓ !ÓŸªy§ ܲ!Ó˚–Û ˆÎ§Ó
üyöˆÏÓy!ã˛ï˛ à%îˆÏܲ üö%£Ïƒc ӈϰ ˆ§•z üö%£ÏƒˆÏc
!ÓŸªy§ ܲ!Ó˚–Û ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ӈϰ!åȈϰö ı Úï%˛!ü
xyüyÓ˚ ü•y!çK˛y§y ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ ˛õÛˆÏí˛¸y–Û
xyï˛ï˛yÎ˚#Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ ü•ydyàyrô#Ó˚
xydÓ!°òyˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ Úü•ydy!çÛ öyˆÏü xyÓ˚
~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y !°ˆÏá!åȈϰö ç#Óöyö®–
ˆ§áyˆÏöÄ !°ˆÏá!åȈϰö ˛õÓ˚ü ˆÓòöyÎ˚ ı
Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x!ÓÓ˚° Óẙ!e!òˆÏö ˆ§•z û%˛°ñ‡ˆ°yû˛ñ
•öˆÏöÓ˚ •zFåÈy Ó˚=˛ xrôܲyÓ˚ âÓ˚ó‡!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚y!•ï˛
•° öy ˆï˛y ˆ§•z§Ó xyˆÏçyó ï˛Ó%Ä Ü˛°ƒyîÜ,˛ÍÈ
ü•ydyÓ˚ üyô%Ó˚#Ó˚ ~ê%˛Ü%˛ §üÎ˚‡xyÓ˚ ˆ§•z
üô%Ó˚ï˛y !ܲ Ü˛ÛˆÏÓ˚ !ö•ï˛ •ÛˆÏ°yÛ–
ï˛Ó%Ä ç#Óöyö® !ÓŸªy§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ı Úç#ÓöˆÏܲ
§Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ û˛yˆÏ°y Ü˛ÛˆÏÓ˚‡ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ° ...
x¡‘yö xÜœ˛yhsˇ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓшÏã˛ Ìyܲy ã˛y•z–Û
!ӈϟªÓ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#öï˛ü ܲy!•!öôü#≈ÈÙÈà%•y!ã˛e
xy!Ó‹,Òï˛ •° ˆÓy!ö≈ÄÓ˚ §%°yĈÏÎ˚!§ m#ˆÏ˛õ
x§#ü ˆÓ˚ç
§¡±!ï˛ xˆÏfiê˛Δ!°Î˚y ~ÓÇ •zˆÏ®yˆÏö!¢Î˚yÓ˚
àˆÏÓ£ÏܲÓ˚y •zˆÏ®yˆÏö!¢Î˚yÎ˚ ˆÓy!ö≈ÄÈÙÈÓ˚ í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚
§%°yĈÏÎ˚!§ m#ˆÏ˛õ !ӈϟªÓ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#öï˛ü
ܲy!•!öü)°Ü˛ à%•y!ã˛e xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
2017 §yˆÏ° xˆÏfiê˛Δ!°Î˚yÓ˚ !Ó §ˆÏÓˆÏö !@ˇÃ!ú˛Ì
!ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãbï˛_¥!Óò xƒyí˛yü Ó %ü ~•z
ã%˛öy˛õÿÏÓ˚Ó˚ à%•y!ê˛Ó˚ §rôyö ˛õyö– Ä•z à%•yÎ˚
x!AÜ˛ï˛ !ã˛e!ê˛Ó˚ •zí˛ẑ ÏÓ˚!öÎẙüÈÙÈ!§!Ó˚ç !ӈϟ’£Ïî
ܲˆÏÓ˚ àˆÏÓ£ÏܲÓ˚y à%•y!ê˛Ó˚ ܲy° !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö
44 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚– à%•y!ã˛e!ê˛ xÑyܲy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ó%°%
!flõÎ˚Ç ˆú˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛¡∫yˆÏÓ˚ñ 14 ú%˛ê˛ 8 •z!M˛ ~ܲ!ê˛
˛õÿÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°– åÈ!ÓÓ˚ ò,¢ƒ!ê˛ •° Ó%ˆÏöy
¢%ˆÏÎẙÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ÚxyˆÏöyÎẙÛ öyˆÏü áÓ≈yÜ,˛!ï˛ ˆüyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
˛õy° «%˛oyܲyÓ˚ ~ܲò° !¢Ü˛y!Ó˚Ó˚ ü%ˆÏáyü%!á
òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚– ܲy!•!öôü≈# ~•z !ã˛e!ê˛ ~ܲ!ê˛
!¢Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ò,¢ƒó ˆÎáyˆÏö xyê˛çö üö%£Ïƒ Ä
˛õ¢%ˆÏò•ôyÓ˚# Óy ÚˆÌ!Ó˚Î˚yöˆÏÌ y˛õÛ !¢Ü˛y!Ó˚ åÈÛ!ê˛
fiÌyö#Î˚ Ó%ˆÏöy ¢%ˆÏÎ˚yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ áÓ≈yÜ,˛!ï˛ ˆüyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
ò°ˆÏܲ Ó¢≈y Ä ò!í˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ xyÜ ˛üî ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ–
˛õ¢%à%!°ˆÏܲ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ Óy§û˛)!ü ˆÌˆÏܲ ÓyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚
!¢Ü˛y!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ úÑ˛yˆÏò ˆú˛°yÓ˚ ~üö ܲy!•!ö!ê˛
!öɧˆÏ®ˆÏ• à%•y!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ ~ܲ öÓ
§ÇflÒÓ˚î– åÈ!Ó!ê˛ àyì˛¸ °y° Ó˚LjÏÎ˚ xÑyܲy–
•z!ï˛˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈ !@ˇÃ!ú˛Ì !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ àˆÏÓ£ÏܲÓẙ
1950ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ò¢ˆÏܲ §%°yĈÏÎ˚!§ˆÏï˛ 242!ê˛
à%•yÙÈxy◊Î˚fïϰ SˆÜ˛û˛ ˆ¢Œê˛yÓ˚V Ó•% !ã˛!eï˛
•zˆÏüˆÏçÓ˚ §rôyö ˆ˛õˆÏ°Ä ܲy!•!öôü≈# ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy
åÈ!ÓÓ˚ §rôyö ˛õyö!ö– àï˛ÓåÈÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y ˆÓy!ö≈ÄÓ˚
à%•yÎ˚ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö 40 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚
˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ çvÓ˚ !ã˛e– Óï≈˛üyö à%•y!ã˛e!ê˛
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ܲy!•!öÓ˚ !§!Ó˚ˆÏçÓ˚ xÇ¢ !ܲöy ˆ§
!ӣψÏÎ˚ àˆÏÓ£ÏܲÓ˚y §%!ö!ÿ˛ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö!öó
•Î˚ˆÏï˛yÈÙÈÓy Óy!ܲ åÈ!Óà%!° ܲy°Ü ˛ˆÏü öT˛ •ˆÏÎ˚
!àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
≤Ãbï˛_¥!Óò üƒy!:ü í˛zÓyê≈˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛ÑyÓ˚
§•Ü˛ü#≈Ó˚y üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !¢Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ~•z ò,¢ƒ!ê˛
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ÓyhflÏÓ âê˛öyÓ˚ Ó˚)˛õ öÎ˚– ï˛ÑyˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ
~•z ≤Ãy˜Ïà!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ åÈ!Ó!ê˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
ܲ“öy¢!=˛Ó˚ ≤Ãܲy¢– !ú˛àyÓ˚à%!° ÓyhflÏÓôü#≈
öÎ˚ó ˆÎüö !¢Ü˛y!Ó˚Ó˚y •%Ó•% üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y öy
•ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õ¢% Ä üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §Ç!ü◊ˆÏî ~ܲ ˆ˛õÔÓẙ!îܲ
ã˛!Ó˚e •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈ– !¢Ü˛y!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ü%áà%!°
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy çvÓ˚ ˆã˛yÎẙ° Óy ˛õy!áÓ˚ ˆëÑ˛yˆÏê˛Ó˚ üˆÏï˛yñ
xyÿ˛Î≈Ó˚ܲü °¡∫yˆÏê˛– ≤Ãyî#à%!° Ó,•òyܲyÓ˚ñ
ï%˛°öyÎ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚#Ó˚y «%˛oyܲyÓ˚– ÓyhflψÏÓ
ÚxyˆÏöyÎ˚yÛ ≤Ãyî#!ê˛Ó˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛y 39.4 •z!M˛ ~ÓÇ
§yï˛˛õ%Ó˚y ˛õy•yˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ çAàˆÏ° Úã%˛Ó˚yöyÛ à%•y!ã˛e
•zˆÏ®yˆÏö!¢Î˚yÓ˚ ¢)ܲÓ˚ í˛zFã˛yï˛yÎ˚ 23.6 •z!M˛–
!¢Ü˛y!Ó˚ üyö%£Ïà%!° ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ü%ˆÏáy¢ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ xÌÓy
˛õ¢%Ó˚ ã˛yüí˛¸y àyˆÏÎ˚ åÈpˆÏÓ¢ ôyÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ
ÓˆÏ°Ä ï˛ÑyÓ˚y üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö öy– •zˆÏ®yˆÏö!¢Î˚yÓ˚
à%•y!ã˛e!ê˛ §Ω˛Óï˛ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ôü≈#Î˚
xyã˛yÓ˚ÈÙÈxö%¤˛yöñ xyôƒy!dܲ !ÓŸªy§çyï˛
ˆflõˆÏöÓ˚ xy°ï˛y!üÓ˚y à%•y!ã˛e
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !Ü ˛Î˚yܲü≈ xÌÓy ˆòÓï˛yñ ¢!=˛ Óy
˛õ)Ó≈˛õ%Ó˚%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xydyÓ˚ §v!T˛ !ÓôyˆÏöÓ˚ xAà–
xƒyí˛yü Ó %ü ÚˆÌ!Ó˚ÎẙöˆÏÌy˛õÛ ≤çˆÏAà ӈϰˆÏåÈö
ıÛÛ Therianthrops occur in the folklore
or narrative fiction of almost every
modern society and they are perceived
as Gods, spirits, or ancestral beings
in many religions worldwide.” §Ω˛Óï˛
Óï≈˛üyö à%•yfiÌ°!ê˛ ~ܲòy ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ôü≈#Î˚ Óy
§yüy!çܲ à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ fiÌyö !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ !ã˛!•´ï˛ !åÈ°–
≤Ãy˜Ïà!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ Î%ˆÏàÓ˚ à%•y!ã˛e
!ӈϟª ÚÓ˚ܲ xyê≈˛Û Óy ˆÜ˛û˛ˆÏ˛õ!rê˛ÇˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˙!ï˛•ƒ
ò#â≈!òˆÏöÓ˚– Úxy˛õyÓ˚ ˛õƒy!°Ä!°!ÌÜ˛Û Óy
≤ÃbÈÙÈ≤ÃhflÏÓ˚Î%ˆÏàÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï˛õˆÏÓ≈ ò!«˛î˛õ)Ó≈ ~!¢Î˚y
~ÓÇ •zí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ !ú˛àyÓ˚ÈÙÈôü≈# !ã˛e Óƒ!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏܲ
ˆÎ à%•y!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ §rôyö ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ï˛y
xyö%üy!öܲ 60 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈Ó˚ ~ÓÇ
ܲü˛õˆÏ«˛ 40 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚– ~à%!°
ˆÓ!¢Ó˚û˛yà •° Ú•ƒyu˛ ˆfiê˛ö!§°Û Óy •yˆÏï˛Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛!°!˛õ Óy åÈy˛õ ~ÓÇ Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ §•ç
çƒy!ü!ï˛Ü˛ xyܲyÓ˚ôü≈# •ẑ Ïüç– §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#ö
!¢°y!ã˛e •° çƒy!ü!ï˛Ü˛ Óy !Óü)ï≈˛ í»˛•zÇà%!°–
~áyˆÏö ò%•z ˆ◊!îÓ˚ xAܲöÓ˚#!ï˛ °«˛ ܲÓẙ ÎyÎ˚–
ˆÓ˚áy Ä Ó˚LjÏÎ˚ xÑyܲy •zˆÏüçà%!° Óy
Ú!˛õܲˆÏê˛y@ˇÃyú˛§‰Û (Pictographs) ~ÓÇ
«%˛oyܲyÓ˚ ôyÓ˚yˆÏ°y Ó› !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆáyòy•z ܲÓ˚y
•zˆÏüç Óy Úˆ˛õˆÏê˛Δy@ˇÃyú˛§Û (Petrographs)–
àï˛ÓåÈÓ˚ !ÓK˛yö#Ó˚y 73 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈
ò!«˛î xy!ú ˛Ü˛yÎ˚ à%•y xyÓy§fïϰ
≤Ãy˜Ïà!ï˛Ü˛•y!§Ü˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xÑyܲy í»˛•zÇ
xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– 40 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈
çyüy≈!öÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ à%•yÎ˚ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆàˆÏåÈ
ˆÓí˛¸y°çyï˛#Î˚ ≤Ãyî#Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y ü%áyÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ~ܲ
üyöÓˆÏò•ó Îy ˆáy!òï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~ܲ!ê˛ •y!ï˛Ó˚
òÑyˆÏï˛Ó˚ û˛yflÒˆÏÎ≈–
•zí˛zˆÏöˆÏflÒyÓ˚ ÄÎ˚y”≈˛ ˆ•!Ó˚ˆÏê˛ç !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ
!ã˛!•´ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆflõöñ ú ˛yñ •zï˛y!°ñ ò!«˛î
xy!ú ˛Ü˛yñ xˆÏfiê˛Δ!°Î˚y ~ÓÇ ~!¢Î˚yÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨
xM˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ Ó˚ܲ xyê≈˛ ˆ§rê˛yÓ˚à%!°– 2012 §yˆÏ°
ˆflõˆÏöÓ˚ ˆöÓ˚çy à%•yÎ˚ xy!Ó‹Ò,ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ 42
•yçyÓ˚ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy ˛õÿÏÓ˚Ó˚ ú˛°ˆÏܲ
xÑyܲy åÈÛ!ê˛ !ã˛e– à%•y !ӈϢ£ÏK˛ˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏï˛
~à%!° !öÎ˚yöí˛yÓ˚Ìy° üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xyÜÑ˛y
§Ó≈yˆÏ˛õ«˛y ≤Ãyã˛#ö Ó˚ܲ xyˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ ò,T˛yhsˇ– 1879
§yˆÏ° ˆflõˆÏö §Ó≈y!ôܲ à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ xy°ï˛y!üÓ˚y
í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ öò#à%!° û˛Î˚ÇܲÓ˚ !Ó˛õÎ≈ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
ü%ˆÏá– ~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ 15!ê˛ §Çàë˛ö
xyÓ˚ ò!«˛îÓˆÏAàÓ˚ 5!ê˛ §Çàë˛ö !öˆÏÎ˚ 22 Ä
23 ˆ§ˆÏ≤Wz¡∫Ó˚ 2019 !¢!°à%!í˛¸ ü•Ü%˛üy
˛õ!Ó˚£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ §û˛yܲˆÏ«˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 100 çö
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Ü˛ü#≈Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôcü)°Ü˛ í˛z˛õ!fiÌ!ï˛ˆÏï˛
xö%!¤˛ï˛ •° §ˆÏ¡ø°ö– ü)°ï˛ §°ˆÏï˛
˛õyܲyˆÏöyÓ˚ ܲyç!ê˛ ¢%Ó˚% ܲˆÏÓ˚ö Óy°%Ó˚âyˆÏê˛Ó˚
xyˆÏeÎ˚# xyˆÏ®y°ˆÏöÓ˚ ü)° ܲy!Ó˚àÓ˚ Ä öò#
ÓÑyã˛yÄ Ü˛!ü!ê˛Ó˚ §Ó%çüˆÏM˛Ó˚ ܲöˆÏû˛öÓ˚
ï%˛!•ö¢%º ü[˛°– xyÓ˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ §Ó≈ydܲ
§•ˆÏÎy!àï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !¢!°à%!í˛¸ öƒyú˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚
x!öˆÏü£Ï Ó§%–
§û˛yÓ˚ ¢%Ó˚%ˆÏï˛•z §Ó%çüˆÏM˛Ó˚ ܲy[˛y!Ó˚ öÓ
ò_ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ û˛y£ÏˆÏî ӈϰöÈÙÙÙÈí˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ öò#
!öˆÏÎ˚ Ó•% ˆ§!üöyÓ˚ Ä Ó•% xyˆÏ°yã˛öy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ
~áö üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ öyüˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– !ï˛!ö
ü•yö®y !öˆÏÎ˚ñ Ä ç°˛õy•zà%!í˛¸Ó˚ ܲÓ˚°y Ä
!ï˛hflÏy !öˆÏÎ˚ N. G. TÈÙÈÓ˚ üyü°y Ä ï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚
!öˆÏÎ˚ !ÓhflÏy!Ó˚ï˛û˛yˆÏÓ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!òö xÌ≈yÍ 23 ï˛y!Ó˚á !¢!°à%!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚
xˆÏ¢yܲ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ˆÏܲ ˆí˛˛õ%ˆÏê˛¢ö Ä ò)£Ïî !öÎ˚sfî
˛õ£Ï≈ˆÏò ˆí˛˛õ%ˆÏê˛¢ö ˆòÄÎẙ •ˆÏÓ ÓˆÏ° çyöyö–
Ó˚yçy Ó˚yí˛zï˛ ç°˛õy•zà%!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ü˛Ó˚°y öò# Ä
!ï˛hflÏyÓ˚ ò)£Ïî !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö– !ï˛!ö
ü•yö®yÓ˚ Ä Ü˛Ó˚°yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ã˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ
áyê˛y˛õyÎ˚áyöy Ä !üí˛z!ö!§˛õƒy° ĈÏÎ˚fiê˛ !òˆÏÎ˚
öò#ˆÏܲ ò)!£Ïï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y •ˆÏFåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
!ï˛hflÏyÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏí˛¸ ç°˛õy•zà%!í˛¸ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§û˛yÓ˚ ˆÎ
í˛y!¡õÇ @ˇÃyí˛zu˛ñ ÎyÈÙȈ̈Ïܲ !ï˛hflÏyÓ˚ Äû˛yÓ˚
úœ˛yˆÏí˛Ó˚ §üÎ˚ §ühflÏ Óç≈ƒ !àˆÏÎ˚ !ï˛hflÏyÎ˚ ˆüˆÏ¢ñ
ï˛yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– !ï˛!ö ӈϰö !ï˛hflÏyˆÏï˛
•zˆÏ°!Q…ܲ ¢Ü˛ xyÓ˚ !Ó£Ï !òˆÏÎ˚ üyåÈ üyÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ
xyÓ˚ ï˛y ç°˛õy•zà%!í˛¸Ó˚ ÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ !Ó!Ü ˛ •ˆÏFåÈ–
~•z !Ó£ÏÎ˚à%!° ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓ˚yáy ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚
çöƒ öò#ÈÙÈxyˆÏ®y°ˆÏöÓ˚ Órô%Ó˚y §ÇâÓÂôû˛yˆÏÓ
à%•y!ã˛e!ê˛ xy!Ó‹,Òï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xy°ï˛y!üÓ˚yÓ˚
~•z à%•y!ã˛e !¢“˜Ïö˛õ%ˆÏîƒÓ˚ !Óã˛yˆÏÓ˚ !ÓŸªˆÏ◊¤˛
üˆÏö ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– !ÓŸªáƒyï˛ ~•z à%•y!ã˛eˆÏܲ
Ú!§hflÏyö ã˛ƒyˆÏ˛õ° xú˛ Ó˚ܲ xyê≈˛Û xyáƒy ˆòÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xy°ï˛y!üÓ˚yÓ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#ö
!ã˛e!ê˛Ó˚ ÓÎ˚§ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 36 •yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚– ~áyˆÏö
ã˛yÓ˚ˆÏܲyˆÏ° xÑyܲy í»˛•zÇ ~ÓÇ ~ܲy!ôܲ í˛zIμ°
Ó˚LjÏÎ˚ fiÌyö#Î˚ Óöƒ≤Ãyî# ~ÓÇ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
•yï˛à%!° ≤Ãy˜Ïà!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x§yôyÓ˚î
!¢“ܲ#!ï≈˛ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– à%•yÓ˚ Ó•%ÓˆÏî≈
!ã˛!eï˛ !§!°Ç ç%ˆÏí˛¸ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ Óöƒ≤Ãyî#ˆÏòÓ˚ñ
ˆÎüö xÓ°%Æ Óy•z§öñ ò%!ê˛ ˆâyí˛¸yñ
!Ó¢y°yܲyÓ˚ ~ܲ •!Ó˚î# ~ÓÇ §Ω˛Óï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛
Óöƒ¢)ܲÓ˚– ≤Ãyî#à%!°Ó˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ !ܲå%È !Óü)ï≈˛
xyܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ •zˆÏüç ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚–
!ӈϟª ˆÎ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ !ú˛àyÓ˚ôü≈# à%•y!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚
§rôyö ˛õyÄÎ˚y !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ ò!«˛î
ú˛yˆÏÓ˚ ˆ¢yˆÏû˛ï˛ à%•y!ã˛e (Chauvet Caves)
2014 §yˆÏ° •zí˛zˆÏöˆÏflÒyÓ˚ ÄÎ˚y”≈˛ ˆ•!Ó˚ˆÏê˛ç
§y•zê˛ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ °yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– 1994
§yˆÏ° !üˆÏ¢° ˆ¢yˆÏû˛ï˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛ÑyÓ˚ ò%•z §•Ü˛ü#≈
~•z à%•y!ã˛e xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ~ÓÇ
≤Ãbï˛_¥!Óò çÑy ˆÜœ˛yï˛ (Jean Clottes) 32
•yçyÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈ xyܲÑy ӈϰ çy!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö–
à%•y!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆï˛ˆÏÓẙ!ê˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤Ãçy!ï˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲˆÏ¢y
≤Ãyî#Ó˚ !ã˛e x!AÜ˛ï˛ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
~üö !ܲå%È ≤Ãyî# ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ •z!ï˛˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy
à%•y!ã˛ˆÏe ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚!ö Óy ܲòy!ã˛Í ˆã˛yˆÏá
˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– üyǧy£Ï# ≤Ãyî#à%!°Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚
à%•yÓy§# !§Ç•ñ •yÎ˚öyñ ˆ°˛õyí≈˛ Óy û˛yÕ‘%ܲó
xyÓyÓ˚ ˆâyí˛¸y Óy üƒyüˆÏÌÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y ï,˛îˆÏû˛yç#
≤Ãyî#ñ ~ÓÇ ˆ§áyˆÏö üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !ú˛àyÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá
~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ 10 ˛õyï˛yÎ˚
§üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020 5
í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ öò# Ä ç°yû)˛!ü !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy§û˛y
àîÈÙÈxyˆÏ®y°ö àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ ¢˛õÌ
!ÓÓï≈˛ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈
xyˆÏ®y°öˆÏܲ ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö ï˛yÓ˚ §%®Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆ˛õ¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
x!öˆÏü£Ï Ó§% xï˛ƒhsˇ !ÓÓ˚!=˛Ó˚ §ˆÏAà ӈϰöñ
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ ~•z û˛Î˚ÇܲÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö xyÓ˚
ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ §yüˆÏö í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ öò#à%ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ
~ÓÇ Ó•% üyåÈ °%Æ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y ç#Ó˜ÏÓ!ã˛eƒ
ˆ¢£ÏÈ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y ~§ˆÏÓÓ˚ !˛õåȈÏö üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
ˆ°yû˛ Ä §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛zòy§#öï˛y•z ü)° ܲyÓ˚î–
!ï˛!ö ˆ@ˇÃê˛y Ì%öÓyˆÏà≈Ó˚ ܲÌy í˛ẑ ÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰöñ
Ä•zê%˛Ü%˛ ˆüˆÏÎ˚ Îy ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ xyüÓ˚y ï˛yÓ˚
!§!ܲû˛yàÄ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚!ö– í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ ò)£Ïî
!öÎ˚sfî ˆÓyí≈˛ á%Ó ˆÎ ~ܲê˛y !ܲå%È Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ
ï˛y öÎ˚– !¢!°à%!í˛¸Ó˚ ÓyçyÓ˚à%ˆÏ°yÓ˚ í˛y!¡õÇ
@ˇÃyí˛zu˛ ~áö ü•yö®y– !¢!°à%!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ !ܲå%È•z
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö!ö x!û˛ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ çÎ˚hsˇ# öò#Ó˚ xÓfiÌy
Ó°ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ӈϰöñ ˆÎÈÙÈ!ÓˆÏçÓ˚ ï˛°y !òˆÏÎ˚ °!Ó˚
ã˛ˆÏ° ˆÎï˛ ~áö û%˛ê˛yö ˛õy•yí˛¸ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆöˆÏü xy§y
˛õÿÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛y!¡õÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ú˛ˆÏ° !Óç xyÓ˚ öò#Ó˚
ˆÓˆÏí˛Ó˚ ò)Ó˚c ˆÜ˛Ó° !ï˛ö ú%˛ê˛– í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAà
öò#ÈÙÈxyˆÏ®y°ö xyÓ˚Ä ˆçyÓ˚òyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ çöƒ
!ï˛!ö ~•z ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§Ä xyÓyÓ˚ öï%˛ö í˛zòƒˆÏüÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ
ܲyç ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓö ӈϰ xAà#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
xÓyˆÏô Óy!° °%ë˛
üy°ÓyçyÓ˚ Ä Äò°yÓy!í˛¸Ó˚ !°§ !â§ñ
ôÓ˚°yñ ˆöÄí˛¸yñ í˛yÎ˚öyñ Ü%˛ü°y•zÙÙÙÈ~•z
öò#à%ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ò%Ó˚ÓfiÌyÓ˚ ܲÌy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö
öyú˛§yÓ˚ xy!°– Óy!°ÈÙÈüy!ú˛Î˚yˆÏòÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ï˛ÑyÓ˚
§ÇâˆÏ£≈Ó˚ !ÓÓÓ˚î ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö !ï˛!ö ~ÓÇ
≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚«˛yÎ˚ §yôyÓ˚î üyö%£Ï Ü˛ï˛ x§•yÎ˚
ï˛yÓ˚Ä Óƒyáƒy ˆòö– §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ xy!ôܲy!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚
í˛zòy§#öï˛yÓ˚ ܲÌyÄ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
ï˛˛õö !ò!â !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ®y°ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ï˛ö%◊#
≤Ãyüy!îܲ– !ï˛!ö ӈϰö §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ï˛˛õö
!ò!âÓ˚ Óyï≈˛y ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåȈÏåÈñ ï˛yÓ˚ §ÇflÒyÓ˚ ¢%ô% §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
xˆÏ˛õ«˛yÎ˚– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ áÓÓ˚ñ 37
ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓƒˆÏÎ˚ ï˛˛õö !ò!â §ÇflÒyÓ˚ •ˆÏÓ–
üyö§ Ó˚yÎ˚ ü)°ï˛ üy°òyÓ˚ ü•yö®yÓ˚
ò%Ó˚ÓfiÌyÓ˚ ܲÌy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö– öò# ˆÎ ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ
°%ë˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ Óƒyáƒy ˆòö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó=˛ˆÏÓƒ
í˛zˆÏë˛ xyˆÏ§ ú%˛°•yÓ˚ öò#Ä û˛yˆÏ°y ˆö•z–
üy°òyÓ˚ àAàyÓ˚ û˛yäö !öˆÏÎ˚Ä xyˆÏ°yܲ˛õyï˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õM˛yö®˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ û˛yäö xyÓ˚
û%˛ï˛!öÓ˚ ò%Ó˚ÓfiÌyÓ˚ ܲÌy í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
ˆÜ˛yã˛!Ó•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ x!û˛!çÍ üy°yܲyÓ˚ üÓ˚y
ˆï˛y§≈yÓ˚ ܲÌy !ӈϢ£Ïû˛yˆÏÓ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ~•z
ˆï˛y§≈yÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yã˛!Ó•yÓ˚ ~ÎẙÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛ˆÏܲ
Óyí˛¸yˆÏöy •ˆÏFåÈ– Ó˚!§Ü˛ !ӈϰÓ˚ ò)£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ°
˛õ!Ó˚ÎyÎ˚# ˛õy!á xyÓ˚ xy§ˆÏåÈ öy– ˆây!£Ïï˛ ~•z
í˛zߨÎ˚ö ÓyhflÏ!Óܲ ܲï˛ê˛y üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎẙçˆÏö ~•z
≤ß¿ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö–
xyˆÏeÎ˚# !öˆÏÎ˚ Ó•%!òö xyˆÏ®y°ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö
ï%˛!•ö¢%º ü[˛°– !ï˛!ö Ü%˛!°Ü˛ñ !ã˛Ó˚yü!ï˛ñ üÓ˚y
ê˛yAàöñ ê˛yAàöñ ˛õ%öû≈˛Óy ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ öò#Ó˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ
!öˆÏÎ˚ !ÓhflÏy!Ó˚ï˛ Óƒyáƒy Ó˚yˆÏáö– ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ Ó˚yÓyÓ˚
í˛ƒyü !òˆÏÎ˚ ÓyÇ°yˆÏò¢ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ xyˆÏeÎ˚#ˆÏܲ ˆ¢£Ï
ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ~ÓÇ Óy°%Ó˚âyê˛ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚Óç≈ƒ öò#Ó˚ ˛õyˆÏí˛¸
í˛y!¡õÇÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲÌy ӈϰö– !ï˛!ö ӈϰö §yÓ˚y
í˛z_Ó˚ÓˆÏAàÓ˚ §ühflÏ öò#ÈÙÈxyˆÏ®y°ˆÏöÓ˚
§Çàë˛öà%!°ˆÏܲ xyÓ˚Ä ~ܲ!eï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ܲyç
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– üyö%£Ï•z ~•z !Ó˛õÎ≈Î˚ â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
ï˛y•z ~•z !Ó˛õÎ≈Î˚ Ó˚%áˆÏï˛ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ•z ~!àˆÏÎ˚
xy§ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ IJõÓ˚
ã˛y˛õÄ Ó,!Âô ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
23 ˆ§ˆÏ≤Wz¡∫Ó˚ !¢!°à%!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚
ܲˆÏ˛õ≈yˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ xˆÏ¢yܲ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ˆÏܲ 10
çˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôò° ˆí˛˛õ%ˆÏê˛¢ö ˆòö– ˛õˆÏÓ˚
í˛z_Ó˚ÓAà ò)£Ïî !öÎ˚sfî ˛õ£Ï≈òˆÏÜ˛Ä ˆí˛˛õ%ˆÏê˛¢ö
ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚– §yÓ˚y ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏAà öò#ÈÙÈ
xyˆÏ®y°öܲyÓ˚#Ó˚y §Ó%çüˆÏM˛Ó˚ §yˆÏÌ Î%=˛ •ˆÏÎ˚
§%§Ç•ï˛ xyˆÏ®y°ö àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ ¢˛õÌ ˆöö–
6 §üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020
ܲ!Óï˛y ≠ ˛õyÌ≈ Ó˚y•y
ܲ!Ó ˛õyÌ≈ Ó˚y•yÓ˚ çß√ 1945 §yˆÏ° ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏ°ˆÏçÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ã˛yÓ˚ ò¢Ü˛ ôˆÏÓ˚
ò¢≈ˆÏöÓ˚ xôƒy˛õöy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö xÓ§Ó˚≤ÃyÆ– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yñ Óô≈üyöñ Ó˚yT˛Δ#Î˚ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚ñ
ܲ°ƒyî# !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ã˛°!Fã˛eã˛ã˛≈yÓ˚ ≤Ãy=˛ö x!ï˛!Ì xôƒy˛õܲ– ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓAà §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ã˛°!Fã˛e
¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈ û˛ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ãy=˛î §ÇÓ˚«˛î x!ôܲï≈˛y S!ܲí˛ẑ ÏÓ˚ê˛yÓ˚V– í˛ẑ ÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ ï˛Ìƒ!ã˛e !öü≈yî ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ã˛°!Fã˛e àˆÏÓ£Ïܲ– ~ܲ§üˆÏÎ˚ ˆú˛í˛yˆÏÓ˚¢ö xÓ !ú˛Õ√ ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛ÈÙÈÓ˚ §Ó≈û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ §yôyÓ˚î
§¡õyòˆÏܲÓ˚ òy!Î˚c ˛õy°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˆê˛:y§ •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ˆÏï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ã˛°!Fã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ Ó=+˛ï˛y
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö !ï˛öüy§ Óƒy˛õ#– •z!u˛Î˚yö fl%Ò° xÓ ˆ§y¢ƒy° §yˆÏÎ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yôyÓ˚î §¡õyòܲ– ~ܲ!ê˛
!Óáƒyï˛ ˜ò!öܲ ˛õ!eܲy !¢¢%!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ Ä §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ˛õyï˛yÓ˚ òy!Î˚c≤ÃyÆ– ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓAà àîï˛y!sfܲ
ˆ°áܲ !¢“# §ÇˆÏâÓ˚ ≤Ãy=˛ö Î%@¬ §yôyÓ˚î §¡õyòܲ Ä Óï≈˛üyˆÏö §•§û˛y˛õ!ï˛–
§Ó !ܲå%È åÈy!˛õˆÏÎ˚ ˛õyÌ≈ Ó˚y•yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ~ܲçö ܲ!Ó– ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ Äë˛y˛õí˛¸y xö%û˛Ó x!û˛K˛ï˛y
!öLjÏí˛¸ £ÏyˆÏê˛Ó˚ ò¢Ü˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ xööƒ Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü# ܲ!Óï˛y !öü≈yî ܲˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö– !ã˛öñ !û˛ˆÏÎ˚Íöyüñ
ÓyÇ°yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ Ä çyï˛#Î˚ ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôc ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛y í˛zͧˆÏÓÓ˚ §yôyÓ˚î §¡õyòܲ– Ó•% ˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˛õpy àAày
˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ñ !û˛ˆÏÎ˚ÍöyˆÏüÓ˚ çyï˛#Î˚ ˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ñ !Ó£÷$ ˆò ˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ !ӈϢ£Ï í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ–
á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸y•z
xy!ü ò%ˆÏôÓ˚ ÓyåÈyˆÏòÓ˚ á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸y•z
xy!ü !¢¢% !ç¢%ˆÏܲ á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸y•z
xy!ü !¢¢% Ó%ÂôˆÏܲ á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸y•z
xy!ü í˛zjyü •y!§Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yÓ˚
!¢¢%ˆÏòÓ˚ á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸y•z
á%ÑçˆÏï˛ á%ÑçˆÏï˛
á%ÑçˆÏï˛ á%ÑçˆÏï˛
xy!ü á%шÏç ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åÈ ï˛yˆÏܲ
xyüyÓ˚ öy ˆòáy ò%ˆÏôÓ˚ ÓyåÈyˆÏܲ
ˆ§ ~áö
!˛õˆÏë˛ ~ܲˆÏ¢y ú˛yê˛y ÓhflÏy
~áyˆÏö ÄáyˆÏö
ˆåÈÑí˛¸y ܲyàçñ û˛yäy !ê˛öñ ú˛yê˛y ˆÓyï˛°
á%шÏç ˆÓí˛¸yˆÏFåÈ–
•yï˛
ˆ§!òö xyˆÏ°y ˆöû˛y Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚
ã˛yÓ˚ ˛õy¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ ã˛yÓ˚çö
ܲyˆÏ°y Ó˚%üy° ã˛y˛õy !òˆÏÎ˚
xyüyÓ˚ í˛yö •yï˛ê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°–
~•z •yï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚
ã˛Ü˛ !ü°yˆÏöy Órô !§ÇòˆÏÓ˚yçy
á%ˆÏ° !òï˛ xyüyÓ˚ •yï˛
ô%ˆÏ°yÓ˚ é˛ˆÏí˛¸ ˆã˛yá xyàˆÏ° Ó˚yáˆÏï˛y
Î%Ó!ï˛ üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ û˛Î˚ üyáy ˆã˛yˆÏá
xyüyÓ˚ •yï˛
xyÓ˚ ˆàyô)!°Ó˚ xyܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ
ˆê˛!°@ˇÃyú˛ ˆ˛õyˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y
üyÌy í˛zÑã%˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ òÑyí˛¸yï˛
xyüyÓ˚ •yï˛–
!òö ÎyÎ˚ üy§ ÎyÎ˚–
ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚
~ܲ!òö ˆçyöy!ܲÓ˚ ˆçƒyÍfl¨yÎ˚
üy!ê˛ úÑ˛%ˆÏí˛¸ âyˆÏ§Ó˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ ú˛y!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚
xyܲy¢ ˛õyˆÏö ï%˛ˆÏ° üyÌy
ÓÜ%˛° ú%˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ àˆÏrô û˛Ó˚y
xyüyÓ˚ •yï˛
ܲü%ƒ!öfiê˛ •z¢‰ˆÏï˛•yÓ˚–
ÎyÓyÓ˚ §üÎ˚
ˆÎ ÎyÓyÓ˚ ˆ§ ˆï˛y ÎyˆÏÓ•z
¢%ô% §üÎ˚ !öÓ≈yã˛ö
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö
xyüyÓ˚ ò!°° òhflÏyˆÏÓç §Ó ˛õyܲy
•zö§%ˆÏÓ˚ !≤Ã!üÎ˚yü
xy•zö üy!ú˛Ü˛ §Ó ˆ¢£Ï
ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ öyüy Äë˛y !ܲ¡∫y
ˆöˆÏü Äë˛yÓ˚ !§Ñ!í˛¸ û˛yäyÓ˚ !òöà%!°
ܲáö ˆÜ˛ çyˆÏö ˆÜ˛yö xçyöy ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏö
ˆ°ˆÏû˛° Ü ˛!¢ÇÈÙÈ~ ÌüˆÏܲ
!òö ˆ¢£Ï
Ó˚y!eÎy˛õö
~áö ˛õyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏ∑ ˆû˛ˆÏä ˛õˆÏí˛¸ •züyÓ˚ï˛
~áö •yÄÎ˚yÓ˚ fl∫Ó˚ xyï≈˛öyò •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛
~áö ≤Ã!ï˛!òö !òöüyö !ï˛°û˛yˆÏ[˛ŸªÓ˚ xyÎ˚ï˛ö
•ï˛y¢ !Ó£Ïyò
˛õy•yí˛¸≤Ãüyî
ò%!òˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆê˛!Ó° ç%ˆÏí˛¸ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ¢Î˚yÓ˚ ܲrê˛ΔyQ
çˆÏü çˆÏü ˛õyÌÓ˚
˛õyÌÓ˚ çˆÏü !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˛õy•yí˛¸
˛õy•yí˛¸ åÈy!˛õˆÏÎ˚
Ó%ˆÏܲÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ x!ã˛ö ˛õy!á ò%Î˚yÓ˚ ˆáy°y •yÈÙÈ•y ܲ˛õyê˛
~•zˆÏï˛y §üÎ˚
ÎyÓyÓ˚ §üÎ˚
•%ÈÙÈ•% ç#Óö •y •y •yÄÎ˚yÓ˚
§¡±!ï˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛˛ !°ê˛° üƒyày!çö
ˆ§Ô!üe °y!•í˛¸#
ˆŸ’yܲ
¢yÓ˚ò §Çáƒy 2019ñ 100‡ÈÙÈ
§¡õyòܲ ı üˆÏöyÓ˚Oö ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚
227ñ ◊#üy ˛õ!Õ‘ñ ˆÓ•y°yñ
ܲ°ÈÙÈ700060– 9831429188‡
9433486897‡9831139892
≤ÃÎ˚yï˛ ˛õ)ˆÏî≈®% ˛õe#Ó˚ öyüy!AÜ˛ï˛ ≤ÃFåÈò
~ÓÇ §%üy!ç≈ï˛ ≤Ãܲy¢öy x§Çრ¢yÓ˚ò
§ÇáƒyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒÄ ÚˆŸ’yܲÛÈˆÜ˛
xy°yòyû˛yˆÏÓ !ã˛!öˆÏÎ˚ ˆòˆÏÓ–
!°ê˛° üƒyày!çˆÏöÓ˚ !öçfl∫ï˛y
ˆây£ÏîyÓ˚ ≤ÃÓîï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ•z í˛zFã˛y!Ó˚ï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~•z ܲÌyà%!°ÈÙÙÙÈÚܲ!Óï˛y
ü!Ìï˛§_yÓ˚ ~ܲ xöy!Ó° «˛Ó˚î
ˆŸ’yܲ–Û
ˆŸ’yܲ ܲ!Óï˛y ˛õ!eܲy ≤çˆÏAà !ܲå%È
ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ çyöyˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
˛õ!eܲy ˛õM˛y¢ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ˛õòy˛õ≈î ܲÓ˚°–
xˆÏöܲ ܲT˛ñ ˆÜœ˛¢ñ ≤Ã!ï˛Ü)˛°ï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ
!òˆÏÎ˚ ˛õÌ ã˛°y– ~•z ˛õÌ Ä ˛õÌ˛õ!Ó˚ܲüy
¢Aܲy xy¢AܲyÎ˚ xyç ܲ^ˇê˛!Ü˛ï˛– ~ܲ
ܲ!ë˛ö §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
ã˛°yˆÏú˛Óẙñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xÓfiÌyö–
ˆŸ’yܲ §¡õyòܲü[˛°# ¢yÓ˚ò
í˛zͧˆÏÓÓ˚ üÓ˚¢%ˆÏüÄ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚
§yüy!çܲÈÙÈÓ˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ~ÓÇ ôü#≈Î˚
!Óû˛yçˆÏöÓ˚ §ÇÜ˛ê˛ ≤çAà !Óflø,ï˛
•ö!ö– mƒÌ≈•#ö û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ §Ó≈öy¢y
!ÓˆÏû˛ˆÏòÓ˚ •yï˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ §üß∫Î˚Óyò#
§!•£÷$ï˛yñ Ó•%cÓyòñ ˜Ó!ã˛ˆÏeƒÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ
˙ܲƒˆÏܲ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ ú˛ƒy!§!ÓˆÏÓ˚yô# §Ç@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚
˙!ï˛•ƒ |ˆÏôù≈ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓ˚yÓ˚ xy•ùyö
çy!öˆÏÎ˚ Ó°y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ xyçˆÏܲÓ˚ ç!ê˛°
˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌ!ï˛•z ˆŸ’yܲ ܲ!Óï˛y˛õ!eܲy
≤Ãܲy¢ˆÏܲ !öÉ¢ï≈˛ x!öÓyÎ≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– ܲ!Óï˛y˛õ!eܲy ≤Ãܲy¢ ~ܲê˛y
!ӈϢ£Ï §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏ®y°ö– ~ÓÇ
§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ Ó•%üy!eܲï˛yˆÏܲ ˛õÕ‘!Óï˛
ܲÓ˚y ~Ó˚ °«˛ƒ–
ˆŸ’yܲ ü)°ï˛ ܲ!Óï˛y Ä Ü˛!Óï˛y
!Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ ˛õ!eܲy– ï˛y•z
¢yÓ˚ò §Çáƒy!ê˛Ä ˆ§•zû˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ã›ï˛ Ü˛Óẙ
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆŸ’yܲ ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
§%û˛y£Ï ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈
≤ÃÓrô ÚˆåÈyˆÏê˛yü%ˆÏá ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ ÓˆÏí˛¸y
ܲÌyÛ ~•z §ÇáƒyÎ˚ ˛õ%öü≈%!oï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– x!ï˛ ü)°ƒÓyö ~•z ≤ÃÓrô!ê˛
ܲ!Óï˛y §ÇÜ ˛yhsˇ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ xà≈°
ü%=˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚–
≤ÃÌü ˛õˆÏÓ≈ !ï˛ö!ê˛ ≤ÃÓrô xyˆÏåÈñ
!°ˆÏáˆÏåÈöÈÙÙÙÈüy!öܲÜ,˛£÷ Ó˚yÎ˚ñ àˆÏî¢
Ó§%ñ §Æ!£Ï≈ Ó˚yÎ˚– àˆÏî¢ Ó§%Ó˚ Ó˚ã˛öy!ê˛
ôyÓẙÓy!•Ü˛ xydç#Óö#Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ xÇ¢–
üy!öܲÜ,˛£÷ Ó˚yÎ˚ñ ܲyܲyÓyÓ% ü%çú˛‰ú˛Ó˚
xy•‰üò ≤çˆÏAà ˆÎ !öÓrô!ê˛ Ó˚ã˛öy
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy hflψÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õyë˛Ü˛•z
ï˛yˆÏï˛ §vT˛ •ˆÏÓö öy–
≤ÃÓˆÏrôÓ˚ !mï˛#Î˚ à%ˆÏFåÈÄ xyˆÏåÈ
!ï˛ö!ê˛ ≤ÃÓrô– !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö üˆÏöyÓ˚Oö
ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ §ü#Ó˚ ˜üe Ä
˛õyÓ˚!üï˛y ˆû˛Ô!üܲ–
ÚÓƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü# ç#Óöyö®Û !¢ˆÏÓ˚yöyˆÏü
!°!áï˛ üˆÏöyÓ˚Oö ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
≤ÃÓrô!ê˛ˆÏï˛ !Óhfl,Ïï˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ •z!Aàï˛
xyˆÏåÈ– Úxyô%!öܲ ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ §Ó
xˆÏÌ≈•z ç#Óöyö® ~ܲ xööƒ
Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛üÛñ ~•z xööƒ Óƒ!ï˛Ü ˛ü !ë˛Ü˛
ܲ#Ó˚ܲü ˆ§ê˛y•z xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÎ˚ ˆüˆÏ°
ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆ°áܲ– ≤ÃÓrô!ê˛ ôyÓẙÓy!•Ü˛–
á%Ó•z à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈ ~ÓÇ !ӈϟ’£Ïî Ä Î%!=˛Ó˚
IJõÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ ≤ÃÓrô–
§ü#Ó˚ ˜üe !°!áï˛ Ú•ƒyü!°ê˛ öyê˛Ü˛
ˆ•ˆÏàˆÏ°Ó˚ ò,!T˛ˆÏï˛ ı ~ܲ!ê˛ §ü#«˛yÛ–
˛õyÓ˚!üï˛y ˆû˛Ô!üܲ Ú§y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ !Óà!•≈ï˛
ˆ≤ÈÏü öyÓ˚# Ä ˛õ%Ó˚%£ÏÛ ≤ÃÓˆÏrô
xyܲyˆÏò!üܲ ܲyë˛yˆÏüy ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ò«˛ •yˆÏï˛ á%Ó
fl∫yû˛y!Óܲû˛yˆÏÓ•z !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ˆÏܲ
ܲyê˛yˆÏåÈÑí˛¸yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü @ˇÃ•îÈÙÈÓç≈ˆÏöÓ˚
ˆã˛T˛y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– §y!•ï˛ƒ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ ~•z
ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ÃÓrô xï˛#ˆÏï˛ !°ê˛°
üƒyà!çö•z ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ï˛– •zòyö#Ç
!°ê˛° üƒyày!çö ~ï˛ û˛yÓ˚# !Ó£ÏÎ˚ xyÓ˚
≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚ öy–
ˆŸ’yܲ ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ
Ó˚ã˛öyÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ à%Ó˚%c xyˆÏÓẙ˛õ ܲÓẙ
•Î˚– ˆòÓ#≤çyò ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ ˛õ!Óe
ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ xöhsˇ òy¢ñ ò#ˆÏ˛õö Ó˚yÎ˚ñ
ܲy°#Ü,˛£÷ à%•ñ xOö ܲÓ˚ñ üˆÏöyç
ö®#ñ !ÓŸªöyÌ Ü˛Î˚y°ñ }!cܲ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ñ
§yÎ˚hsˇö# û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ çÎ˚ï˛# ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ
fl∫˛õö ˆòÓöyÌñ ˆòÓ#!fløï˛y ˆòÓñ Ó˚ˆÏü¢
˛õy!°ï˛ñ !ò°#˛õ üç%üòyÓ˚ñ Ó˚y•%°
ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ x!ã˛ö !üeñ ˆ§Ô!üe
ˆã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ ï˛y˛õ§ !üeñ x!öÓ≈yî ܲÓ˚
≤Ãü%á áƒyï˛ÈÙÈxáƒyï˛ Ü˛!ÓÓ˚ í˛zIμ°
í˛z˛õ!fiÌ!ï˛ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~•z ˛õ!eܲyÎ˚–
ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ §y¡±!ï˛Ü˛
§Çáƒy ~ˆÏ§ ˆ˛õÔшÏåȈÏåÈ §üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢
¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ òƈÏÓ˚– ï˛yÓ˚
xˆÏöܲà%!°•z !ӈϢ£Ï à%Ó˚%c˛õ)î≈–
fiÌyöyû˛yˆÏÓ ~•z §ÇáƒyÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
!öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓẙ §Ω˛Ó
•° öy– xyàyü# §Çáƒyà%!°ˆÏï˛
xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÓ–
!ï˛ö òˆÏ¢ x§Çზ ˆüÔ ˆ§ö–
~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛– òyü 100 ê˛yܲy–
~•z ÓåÈÓ˚ Ó•zˆÏü°yÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
ˆüÔ ˆ§öÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•z !ï˛ö
òˆÏ¢ x§Çზ 2008 §y° ˆÌˆÏܲ
ˆ°áyˆÏ°!á ¢%Ó˚% ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ~•z Ó•zˆÏÎ˚
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yà%!° !ï˛ö!ê˛ ˛õˆÏÓ≈ û˛yà
ܲÓ˚y– ≤ÃÌüÈÙÙÙÈÈ!ï˛ö öÎ˚ §yï˛y¢ñ
!mï˛#Î˚ÈÙÙÙÈò¢ üy§ ò¢ñ §Ó
ˆ¢ˆÏ£ÈÙÙÙÈx§Çზ
≤ÃÌü ˛õˆÏÓ≈Ó˚ §yï˛y¢!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÓ˚
x!ôܲyÇ¢ ܲ!Óï˛y•z üˆÏöÓ˚ àû˛#ˆÏÓ˚
≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– ˆï˛yüyˆÏܲ ܲT˛
ˆòÓ‡~ï˛ ¢!=˛ xyˆÏåÈ⁄‡!öˆÏçˆÏܲÄ
ÓÑy!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚y!á‡Ü˛T˛ ˛õyÄ ˛õyˆÏåÈ–
xÌÓy Ú˛õÑ!ã˛¢Û Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
ˆÜ˛ ˆï˛yüyˆÏܲ ˆÓ!¢ á%ӈϰˆÏåȇ•yÎ˚öy
öy «%˛ôyï≈˛ ¢Ü%˛ˆÏö⁄‡˛õ%Ó˚%£Ï !ܲ Ó%ˆÏé˛ˆÏåÈ
ï˛ú˛y͇@ˇÃ•î xyÓ˚ x!ô@ˇÃ•ˆÏî⁄ xÌÓy
!ï˛ö ö¡∫ˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
!Óö%!öÓ˚ !ï˛öˆÏê˛ åÈÓ˚y‡û˛yˆÏ°yÓy§yñ
!ÓÓy• xyÓ˚ÈÙÙÙȇ§ˆÏ®• !òˆÏÎ˚ àí˛¸y–
ò¢ üy§ ò¢ ˛õˆÏÓ≈ xyˆÏåÈ 27!ê˛
ܲ!Óï˛yó ˆÓ!¢Ó˚û˛yà ܲ!Óï˛y•z ~áyˆÏö
åȈϮ ˆ°áy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈÈÙÙÙÈ~áö xy!ü ˆ§•z
§%çyï˛yñ ~áö xy!ü xy¡À˛õy°#‡
~ܲÓ˚!_ ~•z ˆåȈϰê˛y Ó%ˆÏܲÓ˚ üyˆÏé˛ ãÑ˛yò
~ܲú˛y!° Sx!fiÌüIyV–
~•z ˛õˆÏÓ≈•z §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ ˆã˛•yÓ˚y
!ï˛!ö !Ó!û˛ß¨ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏï˛
ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– !˛õÖ˛õˆÏí˛¸ñ ê˛Δy!ú˛!ܲÇñ
§y!ܲöñ x!hflÏc ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y
˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°•z ˛õyë˛ˆÏܲÓẙ í˛z˛õ°!kô ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓö–
§üyˆÏçÓ˚ ã˛y°!ã˛e ôÓ˚y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ
Ú˜üöyܲ Ä xyüyÓ˚ ÓyÓyÛ Ü˛!Óï˛y!ê˛ˆÏï˛–
˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÓ≈ x§Çზ ~•z ˛õˆÏÓ≈
öï%˛ö ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•z
í˛zòÎ˚ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈
14!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y xyˆÏåÈ– Úü,ï%˛ƒÛ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚
!ï˛!ö !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈöñ Úü,ï%˛ƒ ӈϰ ï%˛!ü ÎyˆÏܲ
í˛yˆÏܲyñ ˆ§ xy§ˆÏ° ˆÌˆÏü ÎyÄÎ˚y
öò#Û– Ú§•òÓ˚yÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Óyï≈˛yñ
Úã˛Ü˛ã˛ˆÏܲ ôyÓẙˆÏ°y ˆÎ ãÑ˛yòñ ˆ§ xy§ˆÏ°
å%È!Ó˚– ü%•)ˆÏï≈˛ ú˛y°y ú˛y°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆú˛°ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ñ ã˛ˆÏ°y âˆÏÓ˚ !ú˛!Ó˚ ~•z ˆÓ°yÛ–
¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õy°Ü˛ åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏû˛
xy§y xyà%ˆÏö !ï˛!ö ˆ§ÑˆÏܲ !öˆÏFåÈÈö
ˆüˆÏÎ˚çÏß√– !ï˛!ö çyˆÏöö ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏï˛
üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ˛õˆÏê˛Ó˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ !öÓ˚y˛õò fiÌyö
ˆö•z ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy– °yú˛ò!í˛¸ ˆá°ˆÏï˛
ˆá°ˆÏï˛ ˆÎ§Ó ˆüˆÏÎ˚Ó˚y ˛õyã˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚
ÎyÎ˚ §#üyˆÏhsˇÓ˚ ÄôyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !ï˛!ö
˛õÓ˚yˆÏï˛ ã˛yö §)Î≈Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ ˆö°˛õy!°¢–
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xy¢yÓ˚ üˆÏï˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xy¢y
Ú§ühflÏ ˆ¢£Ï fl∫ˆÏ≤¿Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˆçˆÏà í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ
¢yhsˇ ~ܲ fl∫≤¿ÈÙÙÙÈÛ– ~•z ܲyÓƒ@ˇÃrÌ
≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ˛õyë˛ˆÏܲÓ˚•z û˛yˆÏ°y °yàˆÏÓ–
≤ÃFåÈò ı !üë%˛ ˆ§ö–
!é˛ö%ܲ ˆÓ°y– ˆòÓy!¢§ ˛õ[˛y–
~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛– òyü 100 ê˛yܲy–
~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó•z ˆü°yÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆòÓy!¢§ ˛õu˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•z
!é˛ö%ܲ ˆÓ°y– ~!ê˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !mï˛#Î˚
ܲyÓƒ@ˇÃrÌ– ~•z ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
ܲ!Óï˛yà%!° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üöˆÏöÓ˚ x!û˛áyˆÏö
~ˆÏ°yˆÏüˆÏ°y ÓˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y û˛yÓöyÓ˚
xy◊Î˚– ~ܲyhsˇ xyˆÏÓà xö%û)˛!ï˛Ó˚
xy«˛!Ó˚ܲ !ÓöƒyˆÏ§Ó˚ xy«˛!Ó˚ܲ
≤ÃÎ˚y§– ~•z ܲyÓƒ@ˇÃˆÏrÌ 51!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y
xyˆÏåÈ– xˆÏöܲà%!°•z åȈϮ ˆ°áy– ˛
õˆÏÌÓ˚ ˛õy˛õ!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ÈÙÙÙȇÓ˚yäy •y!§
ˆÓ°y–‡ç°û˛Ó˚y ò#!â ö#ˆÏ°ÈÙÙÙȇ
~ˆÏ°yˆÏüˆÏ°y ˆòy°y S¢%û˛!ÓçÎ˚yV–
xyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÈÙÙÙÈÚ§Ó
•yÓ˚yˆÏöyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙȇ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÌyˆÏܲ ¢%ô%
!öÉŸªy§– ‡ç#Óö ˆã˛öyÎ˚
ï˛yˆÏܲÈÙÙÙȇü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ xrôܲyÓ˚ S§Ó
•yÓ˚yˆÏöyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚V–
üˆÏöÓ˚ ܲÌy !ܲå%È ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚–
ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ !ܲå%È ÓƒÌyÈÙÙÙȇˆû˛ˆÏ§ ÎyÎ˚
§üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆflÀyˆÏï˛ñ‡!öü@¿ ò,¢ƒ˛õê˛
•ˆÏï˛ÈÙÙÙȇxöˆÏhsˇÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ SxÓ°y
ܲÌyV–
xy!ü û˛yˆÏ°yÓy!§ ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ ~•z
Ó˚ܲüÈÙÙÙÈÚâ%ˆÏÓ˚ òÑyí˛¸yˆÏöy ܲòüàyˆÏåÈÓ˚
˛õyï˛yÎ˚‡!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yò í˛zÑ!ܲ
ˆòÎ˚‡¢Ó˚Í áÑ%ˆÏç !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ !¢í˛z!°Ó˚
x!û˛üyöÈÙÙÙÈ!¢!¢ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xy!äöyÎ˚–
ï˛áöÈÙÙÙȇˆÏçˆÏà ĈÏë˛ !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚
üö‡çyˆÏàÈÙÙÙȇçyˆÏà ˆ§ Ó%ˆÏܲÓ˚
ˆû˛ï˛Ó˚–Û
xyˆÏÓ˚y ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y Ó,!T˛ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚
çöƒÈÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü !ܲ xyç Ó,!T˛ •ˆÏÎ˚
xy§ˆÏӇܲÌy !òˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚‡!û˛çˆÏÓy–
... ày•zˆÏÓy §yˆÏÌ §Ó%ç xyàüö#– §%Ó˚
!ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ xy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöˆÏÓy– §%Ó˚
ˆü°yˆÏöyÓ˚ §üÎ˚ê˛yˆÏï˛ÈÙÙÙȇ§Ó û%˛ˆÏ°•z
!û˛çˆÏÓy–
ï˛ÑyÓ˚ xyÓ˚Ä Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ û˛yˆÏ°y °yày
ܲ!Óï˛yñ fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ Óy•y_Ó˚ñ
í˛zˆÏ˛õ!«˛ï˛ñ ≤Ãï˛#«˛yñ xyˆÏÓòö
≤Ãû,˛!ï˛–
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~•z !mï˛#Î˚ ܲyÓƒ@ˇÃˆÏrÌ !ï˛!ö
xˆÏöܲ ˆÓ˚yüy!rê˛Ü˛ ܲ!Óï˛y
!°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö– §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏAà §ˆÏAà
!ï˛!ö §üyˆÏçÓ˚ !ܲå%È xöƒyÎ˚ x!Óã˛yÓ˚
≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚Ä Ü˛!Óï˛y
!°áˆÏÓö ӈϰ xyüyÓ˚ üˆÏö •Î˚–
x§yôyÓ˚î ≤ÃFåÈò üö#£Ï ˆòˆÏÓÓ˚–
§üÎ˚ ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛ üyã≈˛ 2020 7
öˆÏÓ˚w òyˆÏû˛y°Ü˛yÓ˚
[01.11.1945È ÈÙÈ 20.08.2013]
≤Ãüyî Îyã˛y•z ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÂô!ï˛
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ≤Ãüyî §ï˛ƒ ï˛y ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛
ܲÓẙ ÎyÎ˚⁄ ~ê˛y ܲÓẙÓ˚ çöƒ ˆÎ ˛õÂô!ï˛
ˆ§ê˛y•z •° ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ !ã˛hsˇyû˛yÓöyÓ˚
≤Ã!Ü ˛Îẙ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ í˛z˛õyòyö Îy ~•z ˛õÂô!ï˛ˆÏܲ
àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛yˆÏ° ï˛y •° ı ˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛îñ Î%!=˛ñ
xö%üyöñ Îyã˛y•z ܲÓẙ ~ÓÇ àˆÏÓ£Ïîy–
≤Ã!ï˛˛õyòˆÏöÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ !ï˛ö!ê˛ ôy˛õ xyˆÏåÈ
ı §Óẙ§!Ó˚ñ ˛õ%öyÓ˚Ó,_ ~ÓÇ §Ó≈çö#ö– ~•z
§Ó !ܲå%È !öˆÏÎ˚ Îy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •Î˚ ˆ§ê˛y•z •ˆÏFåÈ
˜ÓK˛y!öܲ ò,!T˛û˛!Aà–
~•z í˛z˛õyòyöà%!° ~ÓyÓ˚ ~ܲê%˛
Óƒyáƒy ܲÓ˚y Îyܲ– xyç xÓ!ô §ühflÏ
xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚•z ˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚îyü–
xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ fl%҈ϰ ˆ¢áyˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆÎ
ˆçü§ ÄÎ˚yê˛ Óy‹õ¢!=˛ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– à“ê˛y ~•z Ó˚ܲü– ˆçü§
ÄÎẙê˛ !ã˛hsˇyÎ˚ ü@¿ !åȈϰö– ˛õyˆÏ¢ ~ܲê˛y
ˆÜ˛ê˛!°ˆÏï˛ ç° ú%˛ê˛!åÈ°– ˆÜ˛ê˛!°Ó˚
!û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ Îáö Óy‹õ çˆÏü ˆà° ï˛áö
ì˛yܲöyê˛y á%ˆÏ° ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆà°– ˆçü§
ì˛yܲöyê˛y °y!àˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏ°ö– xyÓyÓ˚
!ܲå%È«˛î ÓyˆÏò ˆ§ê˛y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆà°–
ˆçü§ ì˛yܲöyê˛y °y!àˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏ°ö–
xyÓyÓ˚ !ܲå%È«˛î ÓyˆÏò ˆ§ê˛y ˛õˆÏí˛¸
ˆà°– ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ~ê˛y •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ í˛z!ö
û˛yÓˆÏï˛ ¢%Ó˚% ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ܲ# ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî
ì˛yܲöyê˛y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÎyˆÏFåÈ– ˆÜ˛ê˛!°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ
ˆï˛y ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy û)˛ï˛ Óy§y ˆàшÏí˛¸ ˆö•z–
ï˛áö !ï˛!ö Î%!=˛ áyí˛¸y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛y
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ˆÎ ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ ì˛yܲöyê˛y ÓyÓẙÓyÓ˚
˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÎyˆÏFåÈñ ï˛yÓ˚ xÌ≈ !û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ܲå%È
xyˆÏåÈ Îy ˆ§ê˛yˆÏܲ ˆë˛ˆÏ° ÓyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚
!òˆÏFåÈ– ~•z Î%!=˛Ó˚ §)e ôˆÏÓ˚ ÓyˆÏ‹õÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ ˆÎ ¢!=˛ !ö!•ï˛ xyˆÏåÈ ï˛y
xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ •°ñ ÎyÓ˚ ú˛°fl∫Ó˚)˛õ
•zí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ !¢“!Ó≤’Ó–
xyˆÏÓ˚ܲê˛y í˛zòy•Ó˚î ˆòáy Îyܲ ı
28 ˆú˛Ó %Î˚y!Ó˚ˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y Úçyï˛#Î˚
!ÓK˛yö !òÓ§Û !•§yˆÏÓ ˛õy°ö ܲ!Ó˚–
Ä•z !òö !§.!û˛. Ó˚üˆÏîÓ˚ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚
ÚÓ˚üî ~ˆÏú˛QÛ !ÓŸª!Óáƒyï˛ ˛õ!eܲy
Úˆöã˛yÓ˚ÛÈÙÈ~ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ܲyˆÏ° ~Ó˚ çöƒ !ï˛!ö ˆöyˆÏÓ°
˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ ˛õyö– ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö !ï˛!ö
~•z xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚⁄ çy•yˆÏç ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö
•zÇ°ƒyu˛ Îy!FåȈϰö– ≤Ã!ï˛!òö !ï˛!ö
ˆí˛ˆÏܲ !àˆÏÎ˚ IJõˆÏÓ˚ àyì˛¸ ö#° xyܲy¢
xyÓ˚ !öˆÏã˛ àyì˛¸ ö#° §ü%o ˆòáˆÏï˛ö–
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛Ôï)˛•° •ï˛ ~ê˛y ˆÜ˛ö •Î˚–
!ï˛!ö §•ˆÏç•z IJõˆÏÓ˚ §%®Ó˚ ö#°
xyܲy¢ ~ÓÇ !öˆÏã˛ §%®Ó˚ ö#° §ü%o
§,!T˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ {ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤â!hflÏ
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö– !ܲv !ï˛!ö ï˛y
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö öy– !ï˛!ö Î%!=˛ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ~ÓÇ x!û˛öÓ ~ܲ ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ
§ï˛ƒ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö– ~Ó˚ xÌ≈ñ
ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ˆú˛ˆÏöyˆÏüöy ˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛î ܲˆÏÓ˚
~ÓÇ Ü˛# ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ˆ§ê˛y âê˛ˆÏåÈ ~•z ≤ß¿ê˛y
!öˆÏçˆÏܲ !çK˛y§y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ
ò,!T˛û˛!AàÓ˚ §)e˛õyï˛ •Î˚–
!ܲv ¢%ô% ˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛î ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛y §Ó
!ܲå%È ≤Ãüy!îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– ôÓ˚y Îyܲ
çAàˆÏ° ï%˛!ü ˛õÌ •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆú˛ˆÏ°åÈ–
ˆåÈyˆÏê˛yáyˆÏê˛y ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy xyhflÏyöyÎ˚
ˆï˛yüyˆÏܲ Ó˚yˆÏï˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈyˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– !ܲv ï%˛!ü çyˆÏöy öy ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚
ï%˛!ü ˆ§•z ˆ°yܲy°Î˚ ˛õyˆÏÓ– ï˛y•z ˆÜ˛yö
˛õÌ ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ˆ§ê˛yÄ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚
xçyöy– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ Î!ò ï%˛!ü ˆòá !ê˛°yÓ˚
~ܲ˛õyˆÏ¢ ~ܲ í˛çö çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ˆôÑyÎ˚y
ˆÓˆÏÓẙˆÏFåÈñ ï%˛!ü û˛yÓˆÏÓ ˆ§áyˆÏö ~ܲê˛y
ˆ°yܲy°Î˚ ÌyܲˆÏ°Ä ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚
~ÓÇ ï%˛!ü ˆ§!òˆÏܲ •Ñyê˛y ¢%Ó˚% ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ–
ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ~•z !§ÂôyˆÏhsˇÓ˚ !û˛!_ê˛y ܲ#⁄
ï%˛!ü ˆï˛y ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy üyö%£Ï Óy ÜÑ˛%ˆÏí˛¸âÓ˚
Óy ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zö%ö ˆòá!ö– !ܲv ï%˛!ü
çyˆÏöy ˆÎáyˆÏö•z ܲyë˛ Ó˚yߨyÓ˚ çöƒ
ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ •Î˚ñ ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆôÑyÎ˚y •Î˚ó xyÓ˚
çAàˆÏ° ˆï˛y ܲy법z Ó˚yߨyÓ˚ çöƒ
ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ •Î˚– §rôƒyˆÏÓ°yÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏï˛Ó˚
áyÓyÓ˚ Ó˚yߨy •Î˚– ôÓ˚y Îyܲ Î!ò ≤Ã!ï˛ê˛y
Ü%˛!ê˛ˆÏÓ˚ í˛zö%ö ôÓ˚yˆÏöy •Î˚ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ˆï˛y
~ܲ í˛çö çyÎ˚ày ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆôÑyÎ˚y
ˆÓˆÏÓ˚yˆÏÓ– §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ ï%˛!ü ~•z xö%üyˆÏö
í˛z˛õö#ï˛ •ˆÏ° ˆÎ ˆ§áyˆÏö üyö%£Ï
Ó§Óy§ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚y Ó˚yˆÏï˛Ó˚
áyÓyÓ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z Î%!=˛Ó˚
!û˛!_ˆÏï˛ ï%˛!ü ˆ§•z !òˆÏܲ Îyey ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°
~ÓÇ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ xö%üyö §!ë˛Ü˛ ≤Ãüy!îï˛
•°– ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ ò,!T˛û˛!AàˆÏï˛ ≤Ã̈Ïü
xyˆÏ§ ˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛îñ xyÓ˚ Îáö
˛õÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛î §Ω˛Ó öÎ˚ ï˛áö xyˆÏ§ Î%!=˛ó
ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ï˛ xyˆÏ§ xö%üyö–
~ÓyÓ˚ ~•z ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ í˛z˛õyòyö
xö%üyˆÏöÓ˚ ÓƒyáƒyÎ˚ xy§y Îyܲ–
ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ~ܲ Órô% xyˆÏåÈ ˆÎ §Ü˛yˆÏ°
â%ü ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆò!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ĈÏ벖 ˆ§ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!òö §Ü˛yˆÏ° §)ˆÏÎ≈yòˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §üÎ˚ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚
§yˆÏÌ •Ñyê˛ˆÏï˛ ÎyÄÎẙÓ˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓ ˆòÎ˚– ˆ§
≤Ã!ï˛K˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !òö á%Ó ˆû˛yˆÏÓ˚
ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏÓ–
ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ ï%˛!ü çyˆÏöy ˆ§ ~ê˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
x˛õyÓ˚à ï%˛!ü !ܲ ï˛yÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ï˛Ü≈˛
ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ⁄ ï%˛!ü !ܲ ï˛yˆÏܲ Ó°ˆÏÓñ
Ú§)ˆÏÎ≈yòˆÏÎ˚ •Ñyê˛ˆÏï˛ ÎyˆÏÓ ï%˛!ü⁄ ï%˛!ü
ܲ# ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ö!ÿ˛ï˛ •ˆÏ° ˆÎ xyàyü#ܲy°
§)ˆÏÎ≈yòÎ˚ •ˆÏÓ⁄Û öy ï%˛!ü ˆ§ê˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ
öy– !ܲv ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ~ܲçö çyöˆÏÓ
xyàyü#ܲy° xyˆÏòÔ §)ˆÏÎ≈yòÎ˚ •ˆÏÓ !ܲ
öy⁄ Îáö xyüÓ˚y ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ !òö xyˆÏà
ܲyˆÏÓẙ §yˆÏÌ ˆòáy ܲÓẙÓ˚ !òö !ë˛Ü˛ ܲ!Ó˚
xyüÓ˚y ܲ# ܲˆÏÓ˚ çy!ö Ä•z !òöà%ˆÏ°y
xyˆÏòÔ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏï˛ xy§ˆÏÓ !ܲ öy⁄
xyüÓ˚y ~•z xö%üyöê˛y ܲ!Ó˚ ~•z K˛yö
ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÎ àï˛ 460 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚
ˆÓ˚yç §Ü˛yˆÏ° !öÎ˚ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ §)ˆÏÎ≈yòÎ˚
âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ– §)Î≈ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy å%È!ê˛ ˆöÎ˚!ö– Î!ò
~ܲ !òˆÏöÓ˚ çˆÏöƒÄ !öï˛ ï˛y•ˆÏ°
˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ÎyÓï˛#Î˚ ≤Ãyî#Ó˚ ˆ§ê˛y
!ã˛Ó˚ܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y Úå%È!ê˛Û •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎï˛–
ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ ~ï˛ !òö ôˆÏÓ˚ §)Î≈ !öÎ˚!üï˛
í˛z!òï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ ï%˛!ü !ö!ÿ˛ï˛ ˆÎ
xyàyü#ܲy°Ä ˆ§ê˛y •ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ï%˛!ü
§Ü˛yˆÏ° •Ñyê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ– ~ê˛y
•ˆÏFåÈ xö%üyö–
˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ í˛z˛õyòyö •ˆÏFåÈ Îyã˛y•z ܲÓẙ–
xyüÓ˚y çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ ˆÎ ~Ó˚ !ï˛ö!ê˛ ôy˛õ
xyˆÏåÈÙÙÙÎyã˛y•z ܲÓ˚yñ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ Îyã˛y•z
ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ §Ó≈çö#öû˛yˆÏÓ Îyã˛y•z ܲÓ˚y–
Îyã˛y•z ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ xÌ≈ ܲ#⁄ xy!ò
¢AܲÓ˚yã˛yÎ≈ ӈϰ!åȈϰöñ Î!ò ~ܲˆÏ¢y
çö ≤ÃyK˛ üyö%£ÏÄ ˆï˛yüyÎ˚ ӈϰ ˆÎ
xyà%ö ë˛yu˛yñ ï%˛!ü !ܲ ï˛y !ÓŸªy§
ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ⁄ öyñ ï%˛!ü ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy– Î!ò Ä•z
~ܲˆÏ¢y çö ˛õ
Change language