Vejledning til udredning og behandling af osteoporose - Dansk ...
Vejledning til udredning og behandling af osteoporose - Dansk ...
Vejledning til udredning og behandling af osteoporose - Dansk ...
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Indholdsfortegnelse<br />
1. Definition ........................................................ 4<br />
2. Ætiol<strong>og</strong>i <strong>og</strong> patofysiol<strong>og</strong>i ................................... 4<br />
2.1. Kn<strong>og</strong>levævets omsætning .............................................. 4<br />
2.2. Kn<strong>og</strong>lestyrke ................................................................... 4<br />
2.3. Molekylærbiol<strong>og</strong>iske mekanismer ............................... 4<br />
3. Typer <strong>af</strong> <strong>osteoporose</strong> ......................................... 5<br />
3.1. Primær <strong>osteoporose</strong> ....................................................... 5<br />
3.2. Sekundær <strong>osteoporose</strong> .................................................. 5<br />
4. Epidemiol<strong>og</strong>i ................................................... 6<br />
4.1. Risikofaktorer ................................................................. 6<br />
5. Undersøgelsesmetoder ...................................... 7<br />
5.1. Osteodensitometri (DXA-scanning) ............................. 7<br />
5.2. Røntgenundersøgelse <strong>af</strong> columna thoracolumbalis ... 8<br />
5.3. Andre undersøgelsesmetoder ........................................ 9<br />
6. Praktisk diagnostik ........................................... 9<br />
6.1. Anamnese <strong>og</strong> objektiv undersøgelse ............................ 9<br />
6.2. Indikation for DXA-scannning ..................................... 9<br />
6.3. Blodprøver ..................................................................... 10<br />
6.4. Undersøgelse <strong>af</strong> columna thoracolumbalis<br />
<strong>og</strong> bækken ...................................................................... 10<br />
6.5. Yderligere <strong>udredning</strong> .................................................... 10<br />
7. Osteoporose<strong>behandling</strong> .................................. 10<br />
8. Non-farmakol<strong>og</strong>isk frakturprofylakse ................ 11<br />
8.1. Kalcium <strong>og</strong> D-vitamin .................................................. 11<br />
8.2. Fald <strong>og</strong> faldforebyggelse .............................................. 11<br />
8.3. Immobilisation vs. fysisk aktivitet .............................. 12<br />
8.4. Hoftebeskyttere ............................................................ 12<br />
8.5. Øvrig livss<strong>til</strong>sintervention ............................................ 12<br />
9. Farmakol<strong>og</strong>isk <strong>behandling</strong> ............................... 13<br />
9.1. Bisfosfonater .................................................................. 13<br />
9.2. Selektiv Estr<strong>og</strong>en Receptor Modulerende stoffer<br />
(SERM) .......................................................................... 14<br />
9.3. Strontiumranelat ........................................................... 14<br />
9.4. Parathyreoideahormon/anal<strong>og</strong>er ................................ 15<br />
9.5. Andre midler mod <strong>osteoporose</strong> .................................. 16<br />
10. Behandlingsvejledning ................................... 17<br />
10.1. Frakturpatienter ............................................................ 18<br />
10.2. Postmenopausale kvinder <strong>og</strong> mænd > 50 år med<br />
risikofaktorer – men uden lavenergifraktur ............... 18<br />
10.3. Osteopeni ...................................................................... 19<br />
10.4. Osteoporose hos mænd ............................................... 19<br />
10.5. Monitorering <strong>af</strong> <strong>behandling</strong>seffekt ............................ 19<br />
10.6. Behandlingssvigt ........................................................... 19<br />
10.7. Behandlingsvarighed/ændret <strong>behandling</strong>sregime<br />
ved høj alder .................................................................. 19<br />
10.8. Komplians ..................................................................... 20<br />
11. Glukokortikoidinduceret <strong>osteoporose</strong> ................ 21<br />
11.1. Effekter på BMD ........................................................... 21<br />
11.2. Frakturrisiko .................................................................. 21<br />
11.3. Frakturprofylakse ved <strong>behandling</strong> med systemisk<br />
steroid ............................................................................ 21<br />
12. Smerte<strong>behandling</strong> .......................................... 22<br />
12.1. Farmakol<strong>og</strong>isk smerte<strong>behandling</strong> .............................. 22<br />
12.2. Fysioterapi ..................................................................... 23<br />
12.3. Korset<strong>behandling</strong> ......................................................... 23<br />
12.4. Smerteklinik .................................................................. 23<br />
12.5. Perkutan vertebroplastik (PV) <strong>og</strong> kyphoplastik<br />
(PK) ................................................................................ 23<br />
13. Odontol<strong>og</strong>i <strong>og</strong> <strong>osteoporose</strong> ............................... 23<br />
14. Sociale støtteordninger ................................... 24<br />
14.1. Medicin<strong>til</strong>skud .............................................................. 24<br />
14.2. Hjælpemidler ................................................................ 24<br />
14.3. Genoptræning .............................................................. 24<br />
14.4. Revalidering/fleksjob .................................................. 24<br />
14.5. Rekreationsophold ...................................................... 24<br />
15. Organisation <strong>af</strong> indsatsen ................................ 24<br />
15.1. Opsporing <strong>af</strong> personer med risikofaktorer for<br />
udvikling <strong>af</strong> <strong>osteoporose</strong> ............................................. 24<br />
15.2. Organisering <strong>af</strong> specialistfunktion .............................. 24<br />
15.3. Tilskudsregler ............................................................... 24<br />
15.4. Patientmedinddragelse ................................................ 24<br />
16. Osteoporoseforeningen ................................... 25