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Estabilidad del rendimiento de variedades de papa (Solanum ...

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Roa et al.<br />

Cuadro 1. Características <strong>de</strong> los seis ambientes <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> estado Táchira<br />

utilizados para la evaluación <strong>de</strong> cinco genotipos <strong>de</strong> <strong>papa</strong>.<br />

Table 1. Characteristics of six environments of Táchira state used for<br />

the evaluation of five potato genotypes.<br />

Ambiente Localidad Ubicación Fecha <strong>de</strong> Altitud<br />

geográfica siembra (msnm)<br />

A1 LLano Largo 08º13´43,5´´ LN 14/06/2001 2.308<br />

(Mcpio. Jáuregui) 71º55´58´´ LO<br />

A2 LLano Largo 08º13´43,5´´ LN 22/05/2002 2.308<br />

(Mcpio. Jáuregui) 71º55´58´´ LO<br />

A3 Angarabeca 07º 59´53,8´´ LN 10/06/2002 2.430<br />

(Mcpio. Michelena) 72º 8´57,9´´ LO<br />

A4 Pueblo Hondo 08° 17´ LN 07/07/2003 2.510<br />

(Mcpio. Jáuregui) 71° 52´ LO<br />

A5 Sabana Gran<strong>de</strong> 08º 13´19,7´´ LN 05/05/2003 2.293<br />

(Mcpio. Jáuregui) 71º 56´11,7´´ LO<br />

A6 La Pra<strong>de</strong>ra 08º 12´28,2´´ LN 10/07/2003 2.025<br />

(Mcpio. Jáuregui) 71º 56´ 52,5´´LO<br />

las plantas <strong>de</strong> los dos surcos centrales.<br />

En el cuadro 2 se presentan las<br />

características <strong>de</strong> los suelos en los<br />

ambientes evaluados. La fertilización<br />

<strong>de</strong> los ensayos consistió en la aplicación<br />

<strong>de</strong> 1.500 kg.ha -1 <strong>de</strong> la fórmula 12-<br />

12-17-2 al momento <strong>de</strong> la siembra y<br />

500 kg.ha -1 <strong>de</strong> la mezcla <strong>de</strong> Sulfato <strong>de</strong><br />

Potasio y Nitrato <strong>de</strong> Calcio en el<br />

aporque, que se realizó a los 40 días<br />

<strong>de</strong>spués <strong>de</strong> la siembra. Se aplicó fertilizante<br />

foliar cada 15 días <strong>de</strong>spués<br />

<strong>de</strong> la floración en dosis <strong>de</strong> 2 L.ha -1 . Se<br />

aplicó herbicida en forma<br />

preemergente. El riego se efectuó semanalmente<br />

por aspersión. Se realizaron<br />

aplicaciones preventivas <strong>de</strong><br />

fungicidas para controlar la can<strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong>illa<br />

tardía causada por P. infestans. Las<br />

variables evaluadas fueron: <strong>rendimiento</strong><br />

(t.ha -1 ), duración <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> ciclo, es<br />

<strong>de</strong>cir, días transcurridos <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> siemway.<br />

Irrigation was weekly sprinkled.<br />

Fungici<strong>de</strong> preventive applications were<br />

accomplished to control the late blight<br />

caused by P. infestans. The evaluated<br />

variables were: yield (t.ha -1 ), cycle<br />

duration, that is, days from sowing to<br />

harvest (<strong>de</strong>termined by plants<br />

yellowing and epi<strong>de</strong>rmis fixation),<br />

flowering at 60 days after sowing (das),<br />

flowers color and characteristics:<br />

shape, epi<strong>de</strong>rmis color and mean<br />

biomass of tubers (g) in a sample of 20<br />

tubers by genotype at any essay.<br />

Because the <strong>de</strong>sign was not reached<br />

in relation to the year factor, because<br />

not always the same sowing were used<br />

any year (table 1); each location and<br />

year was consi<strong>de</strong>red as one<br />

environment, thus, six environments<br />

were generated. The statistical<br />

analysis was ma<strong>de</strong> for data of yield<br />

variable.<br />

180

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