Plantes à Alcaloïdes et produits apparentés - Master VRV ...
Plantes à Alcaloïdes et produits apparentés - Master VRV ...
Plantes à Alcaloïdes et produits apparentés - Master VRV ...
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!"##$%!&"#'()*+&+,-."#'"/'-.+(",/-+!"#<br />
PLANTES A ALCALOIDES<br />
ET PRODUITS APPARENTES<br />
Bernard Weniger<br />
Pharmacognosie <strong>et</strong> Molécules Naturelles Bioactives<br />
UMR 7200, Lab. d’Innovation Thérapeutique<br />
Faculté de Pharmacie - Université de Strasbourg<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
PLAN DU COURS<br />
1. Généralités sur les alcaloïdes<br />
!"#$%$&$'%<br />
!$(&)$*+&$'%,<br />
!$(&)$*+&$'%,- "&.&,%.&+)/0<br />
1$'(2%&34(/,/&,&25/(,(&)+6&+).+7<br />
8.).6&")$(&$9+/( 8.).6&")$(&$9+/(,532($6' 532($6' 532($6'-63$:$9+/( 63$:$9+/(<br />
;7&).6&$'%<br />
2. Monographies de plantes<br />
Relations biogénétiques entre les différents types<br />
de métabolites secondaires<br />
GÉNÉRALITÉS - DÉFINITION<br />
>.):$,0/(,:"&.*'0$&/(,(/6'%D.$)/(@,.06.0'CD/(,/&,<br />
3"&")'($D/(,6'%(&$&+/%&,0/(,5)$%6$5/(,.6&$#(,:.P/+)(,<br />
/%,&3").5/+&$9+/,<br />
GÉNÉRALITÉS - DÉFINITION<br />
>)'&' >)'&'--.06.0'CD/(,'+,5(/+D'<br />
.06.0'CD/(,'+,5(/+D'-.06.0'CD/(,F,<br />
.06.0'CD/(,F,<br />
.0c20.:$%/(,/&,.)20.:$%/(,<br />
D/,0.)H/,D$(&)$*+&$'%<br />
*"&.0.C%/(<br />
5/5&$D/(,/&,.6G,.:$%"(<br />
.:$D/(<br />
5')532)$%/(,GG<br />
<br />
PSEUDOALCALOÏDE : CAPSAÏCINE<br />
8.5(.C6$%/,/&,D")$?"(F,.((/e,<br />
('0+*0/(,D.%(,/.+,/&,3+$0/<br />
E%.0H"($9+/(,&'5$9+/(@,<br />
D"(/%($*$0$(.%&,)"6/5&/+)(,<br />
D'+0/+)(@ D'+0/+)(@,)+*"#$.%&(@, )+*"#$.%&(@<br />
D$.53')"&$9+/(<br />
f)$H$%/,*$'(2%&3"&$9+/,:$7&/,F,<br />
53"%205)'5.%/,d,*).%63/:/%&,<br />
63.g%/,.0253.&$9+/<br />
PSEUDOALCALOÏDE : BÉTALAÏNES<br />
>$H:/%&(,.e'&"(,)/&)'+?"(,D.%(,6/)&.$%/(,<br />
#.:$00/(,*'&.%$9+/(,K)/:50.6/%&,.%&3'62.%/(M<br />
>)'5)$"&"(,.%&$'7$D.%&/(<br />
0123456547
GÉNÉRALITÉS - DÉFINITION<br />
E06.0'CD/(,%/,6'%&/%.%&,5.(,D_'72H4%/,F<br />
0$9+$D/(,=,&/:5").&+)/,')D$%.$)/<br />
?'0.&$0(@,/%&).g%.*0/(,=,0.,?.5/+),D_/.+,<br />
%$6'&$%/ (5.)&"$%/<br />
ALCALOÏDES<br />
Distribution -état état naturel<br />
SX, SX, 1.6&")$/(,K 1.6&")$/(,KPseudomonas<br />
PseudomonasM<br />
83.:5$H%'%(,K5($0'62*/@,.:.%$&/@,/)H'&M<br />
Y2:%'(5/):/(,K<br />
Y2:%'(5/):/(,KTaxus, Taxus, Ephedra EphedraM, M,<br />
ALCALOÏDES<br />
Distribution -état état naturel<br />
Rh,X,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,(/,)/&)'+?/%&,63/e,0/(,,<br />
!$6'&20"D'%/(,,<br />
U%/,9+$%e.$%/,D/,#.:$00/(,('%&,5.)&$6+0$4)/:/%&<br />
)$63/(,/%,50.%&/(,=,.06.0'CD/(<br />
i/(,50+(,$:5')&.%&/(,('%&,0/(,(+$?.%&/(,F<br />
E%%'%.6"/(@,E5'62%.6"/(@,i.+).6"/(@,<br />
i'H.%$.6"/(@,.5.?/).6"/(@,j+*$.6"/(@,B'0.%.6"/(L<br />
Y0'*.0/:/%&,F,\O<br />
Y0'*.0/:/%&,F,\O-\W,X,D/(,E%H$'(5/):/(,,,<br />
\W,X,D/(,E%H$'(5/):/(,,,<br />
6'%&$/%%/%&,D/(,<br />
6'%&$/%%/%&,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,/%,9+.%&$&",%'&.*0/(<br />
.06.0'CD/(,/%,9+.%&$&",%'&.*0/(
ALCALOÏDES<br />
Distribution -état état naturel<br />
k.*$&+/00/:/%&,=,0l"&.&,D/,(/0(,D.%(,0.,50.%&/F,:.0.&/@<br />
6$&).&/@,&.)&).&/,.$%($,9+_,/%,6':*$%.$('%,.?/6,0/(,&.%$%(<br />
i'6.0$(.&$'%,<br />
i'6.0$(.&$'%, &$((+(,5")$53")$9+/(<br />
j"5.)&$&$'%,D$?/)($#$"/,F<br />
0.)H/,F,6.#"$%/@,)"&$6+0$%/<br />
)/(&)/$%&/,F,32'(6$.:$%/,KB'0.%.6"/(M@,:')53$%/,K<br />
)/(&)/$%&/,F,32'(6$.:$%/,KB'0.%.6"/(M@,:')53$%/,KPapaver PapaverM, M,<br />
('+?/%&,:"0.%H/,6':50/7/,D_')$H$%/,*$'(2%&3"&$9+/,6'::+%/,<br />
]/%/+),F,<br />
?.)$/,D.%(,D/,0.)H/(,0$:$&/(,F,"&.&,D/,&).6/(,<br />
?.)$/,D.%(,D/,0.)H/(,0$:$&/(,F,"&.&,D/,&).6/(, \N, \N,X,K9+$%9+$%.M<br />
X,K9+$%9+$%.M<br />
?.)$.*$0$&",$:5')&.%&/,K/%?$)'%%/:/%&@,(.$('%@,3/+)/M<br />
V'%6&$'%(,D.%(,0.,50.%&/,0.)H/:/%&,:"6'%%+/(,F,<br />
5)'D+$&(,D_/76)"&$'%,D+,:"&.*'0$(:/,.e'&"<br />
)"(/)?/,D_.e'&/@,D"#/%(/,6'%&)/,0/(,5)"D.&/+)(,LG<br />
BIOSYNTHÈSE ET TYPES STRUCTURAUX<br />
BIOSYNTHÈSE ET TYPES STRUCTURAUX
CARACTÉRISTIQUES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES<br />
PHYSICO CHIMIQUES<br />
B'0+*$0$&",D/(,.06.0'CD/(,(/0'%,0/,5k,F<br />
CH 3 COO<br />
N<br />
N<br />
H + <br />
5k,.06.0$%,F,<br />
9+$%'0"$%/, 9+$%'0"$%/,*.(/, *.(/, ('0+*0/,,,<br />
D.%( D.%(,('0?.%&(,')H.%$9+/(,<br />
D.%(,('0?.%&(,')H.%$9+/(,/&,<br />
('0?.%&( ')H.%$9+/( /& /&,<br />
0/(, 0/(,.06''0( .06''0(<br />
5k,.6$D/,K/7F,.6G,.6"&$9+/M,F<br />
.6"&.&/,D/,9+$%'0"$%/, ('0+*0/<br />
D.%(,0_/.+,/&,0/(,.06''0(<br />
CARACTÉRISTIQUES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES<br />
PHYSICO CHIMIQUES<br />
E+&)/,/7/:50/<br />
E+&)/,/7/:50/F,6'6.C%/,*.(/,/&,630')32D).&/,D/,6'6.C%/,<br />
F,6'6.C%/,*.(/,/&,630')32D).&/,D/,6'6.C%/,
CARACTÉRISTIQUES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES<br />
PHYSICO CHIMIQUES<br />
B'0+*$0$&",D/(,(/0(,D.%(,0J/.+,F<br />
630'32D).&/(,m,(+0#.&/(,m,&.)&).&/(<br />
B'0+*$0$&",D.%(,0_.06''0,F,<br />
*.(/(,/&,(/0(,('%&,('0+*0/(,D.%(,0/(,.06''0(<br />
*.(/( *.(/(,/&,(/0(,('%&,('0+*0/(,D.%(,0/(,.06''0(<br />
/& (/0( ('%& ('0+*0/( D.%( 0/( .06''0(<br />
B'0+*$0$&",D$##")/%&/,($,5+),'+,/%,:"0.%H/,F<br />
5)"(/%6/,D/,(.5'%'($D/(,<br />
5)"(/%6/,D/,(.5'%'($D/(, :'D$#$/,('0+*$0$&",<br />
/7 F,/7&).6&$'%,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,D/,<br />
F,/7&).6&$'%,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,D/,Catharanthus<br />
Catharanthus<br />
roseus K.P:.0$6$%/M<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
+$(, >+$(,5+)$#$6.&$'%,5.),/7&).6&$'%,0$9+$D/,<br />
5+)$#$6.&$'%,5.),/7&).6&$'%,0$9+$D/,- 0$9+$D/,<br />
K('0?.%&(, K('0?.%&(,%'%, %'%,:$(6$*0/(M,.5)4(,63.%H/:/%&,D/,5k<br />
:$(6$*0/(M,.5)4(,63.%H/:/%&,D/,5k
éé <br />
éé<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
E)&"#.6&( D_/7&).6&$'%,<br />
D_/7&).6&$'%,/%,5)"(/%6/,D_.6$D/,#')&,<br />
/%,5)"(/%6/,D_.6$D/,#')&,<br />
'+,D/,*.(/,#')&/,F<br />
;7/:50/,D/(,$)$D'CD/(,K(o")'($D/,D/,0.,H/%&$.%/M,<br />
($,/7&).6&$'%,/%,5)"(/%6/,D_.::'%$.9+/,6'%6/%&)"/,<br />
H/%&$.%$%/,p,.06.0'CD/,.)&"#.6&<br />
Glucose<br />
O<br />
O<br />
O<br />
<br />
<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
8.(,D/(, 8.(,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,#.$*0/:/%&,*.($9+/(,<br />
.06.0'CD/(,#.$*0/:/%&,*.($9+/(,F, F,<br />
/7/:50/,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,/&,D/(,.+&)/(,7.%&3$%/(,<br />
KD"0'6.0$(.&$'%,D/(,"0/6&)'%(M<br />
/7&).6&$'%,5'(($*0/,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,*.(/,5.),0_/.+,63.+D/,<br />
CH 3 N<br />
O<br />
O<br />
NCH 3<br />
NCH 3<br />
N<br />
CH 3 N<br />
O<br />
O<br />
NCH 3<br />
H<br />
N<br />
N<br />
HN<br />
NCH 3<br />
NCH 3<br />
<br />
O<br />
O<br />
N
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
E06.0'CD/(,9+.&/)%.$)/(,F<br />
;7,F,*/)*")$%/@,32D).(&$%/GG<br />
n/,5/+?/%&,5.(,^&)/,,,<br />
/7&).$&(,(/0'%,0.,:"&3'D/,<br />
D/,B&.( D/,B&.(-f&&' f&&'<br />
/7&).$&(,(/0'%,0.,:"&3'D/, N +<br />
N<br />
O<br />
#'):/,*.(/,<br />
#'):/,*.(/,F,fk F,fk- /&, /&, #'):/,(/0, #'):/,(/0,F,80 F,80- kd &'+P'+)(, &'+P'+)(,D$(('6$"(, D$(('6$"(,<br />
&'+P'+)(,('0+*0/(,D.%(,0_/.+,<br />
/&,$%('0+*0/(,D.%(,0/(,('0?.%&(,')H.%$9+/(<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
E06.0'CD/(,53"%'0$9+/(,<br />
E06.0'CD/(,53"%'0$9+/(,K,:')53$%/,M,F<br />
K,:')53$%/,M,F<br />
V'):.&$'%,D/,53"%.&/,/%,<br />
5<br />
:$0$/+,.06.0$%,<br />
:$0$/+,.06.0$%, 5.((.H/,/%,<br />
53.(/,.9+/+(/,<br />
53.(/,.9+/+(/,.+&)/(, .+&)/(,<br />
.06.0'CD/(,D/,0_'5$+:<br />
O<br />
HO<br />
HO<br />
NCH 3<br />
OMe<br />
OMe<br />
n/,5/+?/%&,5.(,^&)/,/7&).$&,(/0'%,0.,:"&3'D/,D/,B&.(<br />
n/,5/+?/%&,5.(,^&)/,/7&).$&,(/0'%,0.,:"&3'D/,D/,B&.(-f&&' f&&'<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
;7&).6&$'%,$%D+(&)$/00/,F<br />
U&$0$(.&$'%(,D/,)".6&/+)(,D/,H).%D/,&.$00/<br />
8/)&.$%(,('0?.%&(,$%&/)D$&(,K&'7$6$&"@,#0.::.*$0$&"@<br />
D.%H/) D.%H/),D/750'($'%M<br />
D.%H/) D.%H/),D/750'($'%M<br />
DJ/750'($'%M<br />
8'%D$&$'%(,"6'%':$9+/(,/&,5).&$9+/(,D"&/):$%.%&/(<br />
j/63/)63/,D/,5)'6"D"(,5.)&$6+0$/)(,F,)".6&$'%(,<br />
D.%(,0/,:$0$/+@,5)"6$5$&.&$'%(,("0/6&$?/(,LG<br />
O
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
;7&).6&$'%,D/,0J.P:.0$6$%/,<br />
;7&).6&$'%,D/,0J.P:.0$6$%/,D/(,).6$%/(,D/,<br />
D/(,).6$%/(,D/,<br />
Rauwolfia serpentina Ki.*G,>$/))/,V.*)/M,F<br />
NMe<br />
OH<br />
N<br />
OH<br />
C 2 H 5<br />
EP:.0$6$%/,K,p,).+*.($%/,M,<br />
EP:.0$6$%/,K,p,).+*.($%/,M, .6&$#,%$?/.+,?.(6+0.$)/,6")"*).0<br />
6&$#,%$?/.+,?.(6+0.$)/,6")"*).0<br />
>)"(/%&/,/%,:"0.%H/,.?/6,.06.0'CD/(,%'%,$%&")/((.%&(,F<br />
(/)5/%&$%/,K,*.(/,#')&/,M@,)"(/)5$%/@,*.(/(,#.$*0/(,GG,<br />
EXTRACTION DES ALCALOIDES<br />
N<br />
H<br />
N<br />
N -<br />
MeOOC<br />
N +<br />
MeOOC<br />
OMe<br />
O<br />
COO OMe<br />
OMe<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
OMe<br />
<br />
<br />
EXTRACTION DE L'AJMALICINE DES<br />
RACINES DE CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS<br />
<br />
<br />
11
MISE EN ÉVIDENCE DES ALCALOIDES<br />
j".6&$'%(,D/,6':50/7.&$'%,<br />
j".6&$'%(,D/,6':50/7.&$'%,F<br />
K5)"6$5$&.&$'%@,6'0').&$'%M<br />
5)"6$5$&.&$'%@,6'0').&$'%M<br />
1.("/(,(+),6.5.6$&",D/,6':*$%.$('%,.?/6,:"&.+7,/&,<br />
:"&.0'CD/(,F,1$@,kH@,q@,[<br />
]'+P'+)(,/%,:$0$/+,.9+/+7,.6$D/ P 9<br />
F<br />
;Y@,(.5'%$%/( (.5'%$%/(<br />
DOSAGE PHARMACOPEE<br />
!'(.H/,D/(,.06.0'CD/(,&'&.+7,F<br />
.?'&@,'5$+:,/&,:')53$%/<br />
'5$+: /& :')53$%/<br />
ZG A+$%9+$%.,/&,9+$%$%/<br />
NG B'0.%.6"/(,=,.06.0'CD/(,&)'5.%$9+/(<br />
WG >0.%&/(,=,.06.0'CD/(,.%&$&+:').+7
Matières premières <strong>à</strong> caféine<br />
CAFE ET CAFEINE<br />
U%/,6'+)&/,3$(&'$)/,D+,6.#",,,,<br />
8.#"$/),%.&$#,D/,0_E#)$9+/,D/,0_/(&,K(5G,<br />
8.#"$/),%.&$#,D/,0_E#)$9+/,D/,0_/(&,K(5G,arabica arabicaM,/&,*.(($% M,/&,*.(($%<br />
D+,8'%H',K(5G,<br />
D+,8'%H',K(5G,canephora canephoraM<br />
]'))"#$6.&$'%,/&,5)"5.).&$'%,D+,*)/+?.H/,D_')$H$%/,,,<br />
.).*/ ;+)'5/ = 0. #$% D+
ASPECTS BOTANIQUES<br />
U%/,6/%&.$%/,D_/(546/(,D/,<br />
U%/,6/%&.$%/,D_/(546/(,D/,Coffea Coffea Kj+*$.6"/(M,,,<br />
%.&$?/(,5'+),0.,50+5.)&,D_E#)$9+/@,5'+((.%&,D.%(,<br />
D/(,3.*$&.&(,&)'5$6.+7,'+,(+*<br />
D/(,3.*$&.&(,&)'5$6.+7,'+,(+*-&)'5$6.+7 &)'5$6.+7<br />
A+.&)/,/(546/(,$:5')&.%&/(,D_+%,5'$%&,D/,?+/,,<br />
6'::/)6$.0<br />
6'::/)6$.0,F<br />
Coffea Coffea arabica iG, iG, SW,X,5)'D+6&$'%,:'%D$.0/<br />
S, S,- h,:'$(,/%&)/,0.,#0').$('%,/&,0.,:.&+).&$'%<br />
D/+7,('+( D/+7,('+(-/(546/(,F, /(546/(,F,<br />
?.)G, ?.)G,arabica arabica F,1)"($0@,E#)$9+/,D/,0_/(&@,E($/<br />
?.)G, ?.)G,bourbon bourbon F,6.#",D_.0&$&+D/,Ki.,j"+%$'%M<br />
ASPECTS BOTANIQUES<br />
Coffea canephora >$/))/, >$/))/, .55/0", .55/0",6.#", 6.#",robusta robusta<br />
u ZO,X,D/,0.,5)'D+6&$'%,:'%D$.0/,K$%(&.%&.%"M<br />
u b, b,- \\,:'$(,D/,0.,#0').$('%,=,0.,:.&+).&$'%<br />
u 6.#",D/,v*.((/,&/))/w,KE#)$9+/,"9+.&')$.0/M<br />
u ?$H'+)/+7@,)"($(&.%&,.+7,:.0.D$/(@,6.#"$%/,<br />
?$H'+)/+7@,)"($(&.%&,.+7,:.0.D$/(@,6.#"$%/,<br />
u .)x:/,/&,H'y&,$%#")$/+)(,=,<br />
.)x:/,/&,H'y&,$%#")$/+)(,=,C. C. arabica<br />
C. excelsa EG,83/?G<br />
u ?$H'+)/+7@,)"($(&.%&,.+7,:.0.D$/(,/&,("63/)/((/<br />
C. liberica qG,1+00G,;7,k$/)%<br />
u \N,:'$(,D/,0.,#0').$('%,=,0.,:.&+).&$'%<br />
u H).$%(,D/,H).%D/,&.$00/,<br />
u \X,D/,0.,5)'D+6&$'%,:'%D$.0/<br />
Répartition des espèces
&$&,.)*)/,F<br />
LA PLANTE<br />
V/+$00/(,/%&$4)/(,5/)($(&.%&/(@,<br />
6')$.6/(@,0+$(.%&/(<br />
V0/+)(,*0.%63/(,'D').%&/(,/%<br />
?/)&$6$00/(<br />
!)+5/,6':5')&.%&,Q,H).$%/(,<br />
.66'0"/(,?/)&/,<br />
.66'0"/(,?/)&/, )'+H/,=,<br />
:.&+)$&"<br />
Caféier en fleur<br />
Drupe en voie de maturation
LA RECOLTE DU CAFE<br />
LA DROGUE VÉGÉTALE<br />
LA DROGUE VÉGÉTALE<br />
f*&/%&$'%,D+,6.#",v/%,H).$%w,F,<br />
K,:"&3'D/(,3+:$D/,'+,(463/,M<br />
!"5+05.H/,<br />
!"5+05.H/,F,"0$:$%.&$'%,/7'6.)5/,<br />
F,"0$:$%.&$'%,/7'6.)5/,<br />
)'+H/,/&,:"('6.)5/,63.)%+<br />
!"5.)63.H/ !"5.)63.H/,<br />
!"5.)63.H/,F,"0$:$%.&$'%,/%D'6.)5/,<br />
F"0$:$%.&$'%/%D'6.)5/<br />
F,"0$:$%.&$'%,/%D'6.)5/,<br />
(60")$#$", (60")$#$", v#4?/w,p,H).$%/,D/,6.#"<br />
i.,H).$%/,K6.#",?/)&M,F<br />
'?.0/@,6'%?/7/,(+),#.6/,D')(.0/@<br />
.50.&$/,(+),#.6/,?/%&).0/<br />
($00'%,0'%H$&+D$%.0,p,3$0/<br />
D+)/,/&,?/)Ds&)/@,$%'D')/<br />
Structure du fruit <strong>et</strong> de la graine<br />
du caféier :<br />
\F,($00'%,6/%&).0,<br />
QF,H).$%,D/,6.#",K/%D'(5/):/M,<br />
ZF,5/.+,D+,H).$%,K&"H+:/%&M,<br />
NF,5.)63/,K/%D'6.)5/M,<br />
WF,6'+63/,D/,:+6$0.H/(,<br />
SF,5+05/,K:"('6.)5/M,<br />
RF,5/.+,D+,#)+$&,K/7'6.)5/M,<br />
Drupes de café<br />
«fève fève » avant torréfaction
arabica<br />
Café vert :<br />
robusta<br />
CARACTÈRES CHIMIQUES<br />
WO,X, WO,X,H0+6$D/( H0+6$D/( K(+6)/(,d,5'02(.663.)$D/(M,<br />
\\,X, \\,X,5)'&"$%/( 5)'&"$%/(<br />
\O \O, \O \O,- \W \W,X, \W,X,0$5$D/( X 0$5$D/( K(&")'0( K(&")'0(@,&'6'53")'0(@,.06''0(,<br />
&'6'53")'0( .06''0(<br />
D$&/)5"%$9+/(,0$*)/(,/&,/(&")$#$"(M<br />
W, W,- hX,/%?$)'%,D_<br />
hX,/%?$)'%,D_.6$D/(,53"%'0(,<br />
.6$D/(,53"%'0(,/&,D")$?"(, /&,D")$?"(,<br />
K630')'H"%$9+/@,6.#"$9+/M<br />
O@S, O@S,- Z,X,D/, Z,X,D/,6.#"$%/ 6.#"$%/ (/0'%,?.)$"&"(,d,&).6/(,D/,<br />
&3"'*)':$%/
CARACTÈRES SENSORIELS<br />
DU CAFÉ VERT MARCHAND<br />
i/(,&/%/+)(,/%,.6$D/(,53"%'0(,/&,6.#"$%/ )/%(/$H%/%&,<br />
(+),0_.:/)&+:/,D+,6.#",?/)&,F,<br />
0.,&/%/+),/%,.6$D/(,630')'H"%$9+/(,D'$&,(/,($&+/),<br />
/%&)/,R,/&,h,X,<br />
0. 0.,&/%/+),/%,6.#"$%/@,5'+),+%,arabica@,D'$&,^&)/,z,\@NO,X<br />
&/%/+) /% 6.#"$%/ 5'+) +% arabica D'$& ^&)/ z \ NO X<br />
/)&/,D_3+:$D$&",/&,)".6&$'%(,D/,/)&/,D_3+:$D$&",/&,)".6&$'%(,D/,
LA DÉCAFEINISATION DU CAFÉ<br />
i/,6.#",?/)&,D"6.#"$%",D'$&,6'%&/%$),z,O@Ob,X,D/,,<br />
6.#"$%/,/&,0/,6.#",&'))"#$",D"6.#"$%",,O@\,X,D/,,<br />
6.#"$%/,/&,0/,6.#",&'))"#$",D"6.#"$%",,O@\,X,D/,,<br />
6.#"$%/, 6.#"$%/,K%'):/,#).%t.$(/M<br />
K%'):/,#).%t.$(/M<br />
U%/,&.((/,D/,6.#",D"6.#"$%",6'%&$/%&,\W,#'$(,:'$%(<br />
D/,6.#"$%/,9+_+%/,&.((/,D_<br />
D/,6.#"$%/,9+_+%/,&.((/,D_arabica arabica<br />
i., i.,D"6.#"$%.&$'%<br />
D"6.#"$%.&$'% (/,#.$&,&'+P'+)(,<br />
(/,#.$&,&'+P'+)(,(+),0/,6.#",?/)&,<br />
(+),0/,6.#",?/)&,6.), 6.),<br />
'%,('+3.$&/,F<br />
)/&$)/),(/+0/:/%&,0.,6.#"$%/,/&,0/,:'$%(,5'(($*0/,D/,<br />
6':5'("(,?'0.&$0/(,.)':.&$9+/(<br />
*"%"#$6$/),D/,0.,63.0/+),D/,0.,&'))"#.6&$'%,5'+),("63/),<br />
0/,6.#",3+:$D$#$",5.),0.,D"6.#"$%.&$'%,<br />
LA DECAFEINISATION DU CAFE<br />
[0,/7$(&/,&)'$(,:"&3'D/(,F<br />
!"6.#"$%.&$'%,=,0_/.+,F,<br />
i/(($?.H/,=,63.+D,D/(,H).$%(,?/)&(,('+(,5)/(($'%<br />
>+$(,("63.H/,=,0_.$),63.+D,/&,&'))"#$6.&$'%<br />
!"6.#"$%.&$'%,5.),('0?.%&,630')",K8k<br />
!"6.#"$%.&$'%,5.),('0?.%&,630')",K8kQ80 80QM i/(($?.H/,5.),('0?.%&(,630')"(,D/(,H).$%(,?/)&(,5)"<br />
i/(($?.H/,5.),('0?.%&(,630')"(,D/(,H).$%(,?/)&(,5)"-3+:$D$#$"( 3+:$D$#$"(<br />
;0$:$%.&$'%,D+,('0?.%&,5.),"?.5').&$'%@,5+$(,5.),/%&).g%/:/%&,=,<br />
0.,?.5/+)@,("63.H/,D/(,H).$%(,=,0_.$),63.+D@,5+$(,&'))"#$6.&$'%<br />
!"6.#"$%.&$'%,.+,8f<br />
!"6.#"$%.&$'%,.+,8fQ (+5/)6)$&$9+/<br />
B+),D/(,H).$%(,?/)&(,5)".0.*0/:/%&,3+:$D$#$"(<br />
LE CAFÉ SOLUBLE<br />
[0,(/,5)"5.)/,$%D+(&)$/00/:/%&,=,5.)&$),D/,6.#",<br />
:'+0+@,5.),/7&).6&$'%,('0$D/|0$9+$D/,<br />
:'+0+@,5.),/7&).6&$'%,('0$D/|0$9+$D/, 6'%#/6&$'%,<br />
D_+%,/7&).$&,.9+/+7,&)4(,6'%6/%&)"@,D_.(5/6&,<br />
($)+5/+7,<br />
8/& 8/&,/7&).$&,/(&,/%(+$&/,6':504&/:/%&,D"(32D).&"@,<br />
/7&).$& /(& /%(+$&/ 6':504&/:/%& D"(32D).&"<br />
('$&,5.),.&':$(.&$'%@,('$&,5.),02'53$0$(.&$'%,F<br />
5.),.&':$(.&$'%,<br />
5.),.&':$(.&$'%,F,5+0?")$(.&$'%,K:$6)'H'+&&/0/&&/(M,<br />
F,5+0?")$(.&$'%,K:$6)'H'+&&/0/&&/(M,<br />
D.%(,+%,6'+).%&,D_.$),63.+D,<br />
D.%(,+%,6'+).%&,D_.$),63.+D, H).%+0"(@,D/,5'&/%&$/0,<br />
.)':.&$9+/,$%#")$/+)<br />
5.),02'53$0$(.&$'%,<br />
5.),02'53$0$(.&$'%,F,(+*0$:.&$'%,D/(,5.$00/&&/(,D/,<br />
F,(+*0$:.&$'%,D/(,5.$00/&&/(,D/,<br />
0_/7&).$&,D/,6.#",6'%H/0"
PRODUCTION MONDIALE DE CAFE<br />
ASPECTS PHARMACOLOGIQUES<br />
E6&$?$&"(,D":'%&)"/(,0$"/(,<br />
=,0.,5)"(/%6/,D/,6.#"$%/,F<br />
.%&.H'%$(&/(,D/(,)"6/5&/+)(,E\,/&,D/,<br />
6/)&.$%(,)"6/5&/+)(,EQ,D/,0J.D"%'($%/<br />
$%3$*/,0/(,53'(53'D$/(&").(/(,.$%($,9+/,0.,<br />
0$*").&$'%,DJ3$(&.:$%/,5.),0/(,:.(&'62&/(<br />
.6&$'%,(&$:+0.%&/,(+),0/(,(2(&4:/(,6.)D$'-<br />
?.(6+0.$)/,/&,)/(5$).&'$)/@,/&,(+),0.,D$+)4(/<br />
#.?')$(/,6'%6/%&).&$'%,/&,:":')$(.&$'%<br />
.+H:/%&/,0.,D"5/%(/,"%/)H"&$9+/,<br />
0$5'02&$9+/,5.),?'$/,/7&/)%/<br />
U%/,9+.).%&.$%/,D/,(5"6$.0$&"(,53.):.6/+&$9+/(,/%,<br />
V).%6/,K,.(('6$.&$'%,.?/6,.%&.0H$9+/(@,0$5'02&$9+/(,0'6.+7,M<br />
8<br />
k Z<br />
f<br />
n<br />
f<br />
n<br />
8k Z<br />
caféine<br />
ASPECTS PHARMACEUTIQUES<br />
n<br />
n<br />
8k Z
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographie analytique du café vert<br />
>3.):.6'5"/,#).%t.$(/,} 4:/ 4:/ "DG<br />
!)'H+/, !)'H+/,F,H).$%/,5)$?"/,D+,&"H+:/%&,/&,("63"/,D/,<br />
F,H).$%/,5)$?"/,D+,&"H+:/%&,/&,("63"/,D/,Coffea Coffea arabica<br />
iG@,D/, iG@,D/,Coffea Coffea canephora >$/))/,/7,V)'/3%/),/&,0/+)(,?.)$"&"(,<br />
i/,6.#",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,<br />
i/,6.#",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,\@O,5'+),6/%&,D/,6.#"$%/,<br />
.+,:$%$:+:,\@O,5'+),6/%&,D/,6.#"$%/,<br />
6.06+0",5.),).55')&,=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/,<br />
,<br />
!'(.H/,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,5.),8ik>,K:'D$#$6.&$'%,:'%'H).53$/,/%,<br />
K:'D$#$6.&$'%,:'%'H).53$/,/%,6'+)(,F 6'+)(,F<br />
6' 6'-$%P/6&$'%, $%P/6&$'%,D_"5$6.&"63'0,5'+),?")$#$/),0.,6'%#'):$&",D+,(2(&4:/M,,,,<br />
D_"5$6.&"63'0,5'+),?")$#$/),0.,6'%#'):$&",D+,(2(&4:/M,,,,<br />
LE THEIER : Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze<br />
U%/,6'+)&/,3$(&'$)/,D+,&3",<br />
[0,.+).$&,"&",D"6'+?/)&,5.),0J;:5/)/+),B3^%<br />
[0,.+).$&,"&",D"6'+?/)&,5.),0J;:5/)/+),B3^%-n+%H, n+%H,<br />
KQROO,.?.%&, G8GM,F,6/,D/)%$/),(/,#$&,.55')&/),+%/,<br />
&.((/,DJ/.+,*'+$00.%&/,/&@,.(($(,=,0J':*)/,DJ+%,&3"$/)@,<br />
$0,(J.(('+5$&G,>/%D.%&,('%,('::/$0@,50+($/+)(,#/+$00/(<br />
(/ (/,D"&.634)/%&,5'+),.00/),(/,5'(/),D.%(,0J/.+,*)y0.%&/<br />
D"&.634)/%& 5'+) .00/) (/ 5'(/) D.%( 0J/.+ *)y0.%&/<br />
0/,&3","&.$&,%"<br />
i/,&3"$/),.55.)&$/%&,=,0.,#.:$00/,D/(,]/)%(&)'/:$.6"/(<br />
K]3".6"/(M<br />
f%,D$(&$%H+/,D/+7,?.)$"&"(,5)$%6$5.0/(,F<br />
Camellia Camellia sinensis sinensis K,83$%/@, .5'%@,j+(($/@,[).%@]+)9+$/<br />
Camellia Camellia sinensis assamica K,%')D K,%')D-/(&,D/,0J[%D/,M<br />
/(&,D/,0J[%D/,M<br />
LE THEIER : Camellia sinensis<br />
8+0&$?",D.%(,0/(,5.2(,D+,<br />
8+0&$?",D.%(,0/(,5.2(,D+,(+D (+D-/(&,.($.&$9+/,<br />
/(&,.($.&$9+/,<br />
:.$(,.+(($,(+),0/,6'%&$%/%&,.#)$6.$%@,/%,<br />
]+)9+$/,'+,/%6')/,/%,E)H/%&$%/<br />
>/&$&,.)*)/,).:/+7<br />
>/&$&,.)*)/,).:/+7@,=,#/+$00/(,5/)($(&.%&/(@<br />
@,=,#/+$00/(,5/)($(&.%&/(@<br />
:'00/(,/&,D+?/&/+(/(,0')(9+J/00/(,('%&,<br />
P/+%/( P/+%/(@,6')$.6/(,/&,5)/(9+/,H0.*)/(,<br />
6')$.6/( /& 5)/(9+/ H0.*)/(<br />
0')(9+J/00/(,('%&,sH"/(,K(60")$&/(M<br />
;%,6+0&+)/@,0/(,&3"$/)(,('%&,<br />
;%,6+0&+)/@,0/(,&3"$/)(,('%&,&.$00"( &.$00"( &)4(,<br />
)"H+0$4)/:/%&,5'+),#.6$0$&/),0.,)"6'0&/<br />
n"6/(($&/,+%,<br />
n"6/(($&/,+%,/%('0/$00/:/%&<br />
/%('0/$00/:/%& D/,W,3/+)/(,<br />
:$%G,5.),P'+)@,3+:$D$&",D/,0J.$),KRO,<br />
:$%G,5.),P'+)@,3+:$D$&",D/,0J.$),KRO,- bOXM,<br />
/&,D/(,50+$/(,.*'%D.%&/(,K,/76/5&$'%,5'+),<br />
0/(,&3"(,D_.0&$&+D/,M
LA RECOLTE DES FEUILLES DE THE<br />
k.*$&+/00/:/%&@,'%,%/,6+/$00/,9+/,0/,<br />
*'+)H/'% =,0_/7&)":$&",D/,0.,*).%63/,/&,<br />
0/(,D/+7,#/+$00/(,(+$?.%&/(,0/(,50+(,P/+%/(,<br />
)4H0/,D/(,` &o',0/.?/(,.%D,.,*+D a<br />
;%,E#)$9+/@,'%,+&$0$(/,5.)#'$(,D/(,:.63$%/(@,<br />
:.$(,.+,B)$,i.%c.,/&,/%,[%D/@,0/,&3",/(&,<br />
$ B $ i c & [ D 0 &3" &<br />
/%6')/,6+/$00$,=,0.,:.$%, :/$00/+)/,9+.0$&",<br />
6.),0/(,6+/$00/+)(,0.$((/%&,D/,6x&",0/(,<br />
5'+((/(,$%(+##$(.::/%&,:y)/(<br />
E,*.((/,.0&$&+D/@,0/,&3",/(&,)"6'0&",P+(9+_=,<br />
ZO,#'$(,5.),.%@,D.%(,0/(,3.+&/+)(@,<br />
` (/+0/:/%& a,\W,#'$(@,6.),$0,5'+((/,50+(,<br />
0/%&/:/%&<br />
LE THEIER : CAMELLIA SINENSIS<br />
8'::/)6$.0/:/%&@,'%,D$(&$%H+/,<br />
(+)&'+&,,F<br />
]3",*0.%6, ]3",*0.%6,F,(&.*$0$(",=,0.,?.5/+),,/&,("63"<br />
F,(&.*$0$(",=,0.,?.5/+),,/&,("63"<br />
]3",?/)& ]3",?/)&@,#s%",5+$(,(&.*$0$(",5.),0.,63.0/+)<br />
@,#s%",5+$(,(&.*$0$(",5.),0.,63.0/+)<br />
(463/,'+,5.),0.,?.5/+)@,)'+0"@,("63",,<br />
5 5 @ @<br />
).5$D/:/%&,/&,50+(,'+,:'$%(,&'))"#$"@,<br />
K(+)&'+&,6'%('::",/%,83$%/,/&,.+, .5'%@<br />
:.$(,0_+(.H/,(/,D"?/0'55/,/%,;+)'5/M<br />
]3",%'$) ]3",%'$)@,#s%",+%/,?$%H&.$%/,DJ3/+)/(@,<br />
@,#s%",+%/,?$%H&.$%/,DJ3/+)/(@,<br />
)'+0"@,#/):/%&",/%,.&:'(534)/,3+:$D/,<br />
5+$(,("63",=,0J.$),63.+D@,<br />
5+$(,("63",=,0J.$),63.+D@,)/5)"(/%&.%&,<br />
)/5)"(/%&.%&,<br />
hO,X,D+,:.)63",:'%D$.0<br />
]3",''0'%H,<br />
]3",''0'%H,F,0"H4)/:/%&,#/):/%&"<br />
F,0"H4)/:/%&,#/):/%&"<br />
Thé vert<br />
Thé noir<br />
LE THEIER : CAMELLIA SINENSIS<br />
]3"(,6'::/)6$.+7 F<br />
~.)$"&"(,*'&.%$9+/(<br />
?.)G, ?.)G,sinensis sinensis@, @,assamica assamica GG<br />
EH/,D/(,#/+$00/(,<br />
~.)$"&" ~.)$"&",D/(,&).$&/:/%&(F<br />
D/( &).$&/:/%&(F<br />
?/)&@,(/:$ ?/)&@,(/:$-'72D"(@,'72D"(@,.)':.&$("(,GG<br />
'72D"(@,'72D"(@,.)':.&$("(,GG<br />
f)$H$%/,H"'H).53$9+/<br />
8/20.%,KB)$,i.%c.M<br />
E((.:@,!.)P//0$%H,/&,B$cc$:,K[%D/M,<br />
E%3+$,Kr//:+%M,/&,Ä+%%.%,K83$%/M<br />
]3"(,D_E#)$9+/,Kr"%2.@,jo.%D.M<br />
]3"(,D+,
VARIÉTÉS SELON LA TAILLE DES FEUILLES<br />
`V0'o/)2,f).%H/,>/c'/a,KVf>MF<br />
0.,#$%/,#/+$00/,D+,*'+)H/'%,=,#/+$00/(<br />
`f).%H/,>/c'/a,Kf>M /(&,0.,<br />
5)/:$4)/,#/+$00/,&/%D)/,/%&$4)/:/%&,<br />
'+?/)&/ '+?/)&/,9+$,(/,)/#'):/,=,63.9+/,<br />
9+$ (/ )/#'):/ = 63.9+/<br />
53.(/,D/,6)'$((.%6/,D+,&3"$/)G,<br />
B'%,H'y&,/(&,50+(,#')&,9+/,Vf>G,<br />
`>/c'/a,K>M,D"($H%/,0.,D/+7$4:/,<br />
#/+$00/,.5)4(,0/,*'+)H/'%,=,#/+$00/( F,<br />
/00/,D'%%/,+%,H'y&,:.)9+",/&,+%/,<br />
$%#+($'%,#')&/:/%&,6'0')"/<br />
Dérivés flavaniques du thé vert<br />
Flavanol<br />
ASPECTS CHIMIQUES DU THE VERT<br />
>)'&"$%/(@,.6$D/(,.:$%"(@,H0+6$D/(@,6.)'&4%/(<br />
E6$D/,.(6')*$9+/,/&,?$&.:$%/(,D+,H)'+5/,1,<br />
1.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,<br />
1.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,5)$%6$5.0/:/%&,)/5)"(/%&"/(,5.),0.,<br />
5)$%6$5.0/:/%&,)/5)"(/%&"/(,5.),0.,<br />
6.#"$%/,KQ, 6.#"$%/,KQ,- N,X,(/0'%,?.)$"&"(,/&,#/+$00/(,6'%6/)%"/(M,d,<br />
#.$*0/(,9+.%&$&"(,D/,&3"'53200$%/,/&,&3"'*)':$%/<br />
k"&")'($D/( k"&")'($D/(,D.06''0(,&/)5"%$9+/(@,D'%&,0 k"&")'($D/( DJ.06''0( &/)5"%$9+/( D'%& 0J32D)'02(/ 32D)'02(/,0$*4)/, 0$*4)/<br />
D/(,6'%(&$&+.%&(,9+$,6'%&)$*+/%&,=,0J.)x:/,D/,0J$%#+($'%<br />
8':5'("(,53"%'0$9+/(,<br />
8':5'("(,53"%'0$9+/(,KP+(9+J=, KP+(9+J=,ZO, ZO,X, X,D/, D/,0.,:.((/,(463/M,<br />
0.,:.((/,(463/M,<br />
:.$(,D'%&,0.,&/%/+),?.)$/,(/0'%,0.,?.)$"&"@,0JsH/,D/,0.,#/+$00/,<br />
K0/(,50+(,P/+%/(,('%&,0/(,50+(,)$63/(M,/&,0.,(.$('%,<br />
K0/(,50+(,P/+%/(,('%&,0/(,50+(,)$63/(M,/&,0.,(.$('%,K"&"M, "&"M,F<br />
D")$?"(,#0.?.%$9+/(,F,H.00.&/,<br />
D")$?"(,#0.?.%$9+/(,F,H.00.&/,D_"5$H.00'6.&"63'0,<br />
D_"5$H.00'6.&"63'0,K;Y8YMF, K;Y8YMF,W-\Q,XM \Q,XM<br />
.6$D/(,53"%'0(,<br />
#0.?'%'CD/(,<br />
5)'.%&3'62.%$D'0(
ASPECTS CHIMIQUES DU THE NOIR<br />
i.,9+.%&$&",D/,<br />
i.,9+.%&$&",D/,*.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,<br />
*.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,5)"(/%&/,"?'0+/,5/+<br />
5)"(/%&/,"?'0+/,5/+<br />
!"?/0'55/:/%&,D/,0_.)x:/,5.),#'):.&$'%,D/,<br />
!"?/0'55/:/%&,D/,0_.)x:/,5.),#'):.&$'%,D/,5)'D+$&(,?'0.&$0(<br />
5)'D+$&(,?'0.&$0( F<br />
D")$?"(,6"&'%$9+/(,5.),D"H).D.&$'%,D/(,6.)'&4%/(<br />
3/7"%.0,5.),'72D.&$'%,D_.6$D/(,H).(,$%(.&+)"(<br />
)".)).%H/:/%&,D/(,&/)54%/(<br />
f72D.&$'%,D/(,<br />
f72D.&$'%,D/(,5'0253"%'0(<br />
5'0253"%'0( ?$($*0/,K63.%H/:/%&,D/,6'+0/+)M,,F<br />
V'):.&$'%, '):.&$'%,D/,&)'5'0'%/(,F,&3".#0.?$%/@,&3".#0.H.0$%/@,<br />
D/,&)'5'0'%/(,F,&3".#0.?$%/@,&3".#0.H.0$%/@,"5$&3".#0.H.0$%/<br />
"5$&3".#0.H.0$%/<br />
V')&/,D$:$%+&$'%,D/,0.,&/%/+),/%,D")$?"(,#0.?.%$9+/(,K6.&"63$%/(M<br />
<br />
<br />
ACTIVITES BIOLOGIQUES<br />
DES CONSTITUANTS DU THE<br />
E6&$?$&"(,0$"/(,.+7,*.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,K6.#"$%/M,<br />
.6&$?$&",(&$:+0.%&/,:'$%(,$%&/%(/,:.$(,50+(,<br />
5)'0'%H"/,9+/,0/,6.#",K6.#"$%/,0$"/,.+7,5'0253"%'0(M,<br />
>'0253"%'0( K%'% K%'%,5'02:")$("(,D+,&3",?/)&M,F<br />
5'02:")$("( D+ &3" ?/)&M F<br />
)"D+6&$'%,D/(,6.%6/)(,D$H/(&$#(,/&,5)"?/%&$'%,D+,,<br />
6.%6/),6'0')/6&.0,K,"&+D/(,"5$D":$'0'H$9+/(,M,<br />
.6&$?$&"(,.%&$'72D.%&/(<br />
.6&$?$&"(,.%&$*.6&")$/%%/(,K,6.)$/(@,(2(&4:/,D$H/(&$#,M<br />
.6&$?$&",.%&$?$).0/<br />
EVOLUTION DE LA PRODUCTION DE THÉ<br />
AU NIVEAU MONDIAL
EVOLUTION DE LA PRODUCTION DE THÉ<br />
AU NIVEAU MONDIAL<br />
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographies analytiques du thé<br />
Q,:'%'H).53$/(,=,0.,>3.):.6'5"/,#).%t.$(/,<br />
THÉ VERT KCamelliae Camelliae sinensis non fermentata folia foliaM<br />
V/+$00/@,P/+%/@,%'%,#/):/%&"/@,('+:$(/,=,+%/,D/(($66.&$'%,).5$D/,=,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,("63"/@,D/,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,("63"/@,D/,Camellia Camellia sinensis KiGM,r+%&e/,/&,D/,(/(,<br />
?.)$"&"(,6+0&$?"/(G,<br />
i/,&3",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,<br />
i/,&3",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,Q@O,X,D/,6.#"$%/,<br />
.+,:$%$:+:,Q@O,X,D/,6.#"$%/,6.06+0",5.),).55')&,<br />
6.06+0",5.),).55')&,<br />
=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/<br />
THÉ NOIR KCamelliae Camelliae sinensis fermentata folia foliaM<br />
V/+$00/,P/+%/@,#/):/%&"/@,('+:$(/,=,+%/,D/(($66.&$'%,).5$D/,=,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,("63"/@,D/,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,("63"/@,D/,Camellia Camellia sinensis KiGM,r+%&e/,/&,D/,(/(,<br />
?.)$"&"(,6+0&$?"/(G,<br />
i/,&3",%'$),6'%&$/%&,<br />
i/,&3",%'$),6'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,Q@W,X,6/%&,D/,6.#"$%/,<br />
.+,:$%$:+:,Q@W,X,6/%&,D/,6.#"$%/,6.06+0",5.),<br />
6.06+0",5.),<br />
).55')&,=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/G,<br />
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographies analytiques du thé<br />
;7.:/%,:$6)'(6'5$9+/,<br />
;7.:/%,:$6)'(6'5$9+/,F<br />
.G,,:.60/(,D_'7.0.&/,D/,8.,/&,5'$0(,&/6&/+)(,+%$6/00+0.$)/(,=,5.)'$(,"5.$((/,/&,/7&)":$&",6'%$9+/<br />
*G,,(60")$&/(<br />
6G,,"5$D/):/,(+5")$/+),%'%,(&':.&$#4)/<br />
DG,,"5$D/):/,$%#")$/+),(&':.&$#4)/,.?/6,(&':.&/(,/%&'+)"(,5.),Z,'+,N,6/00+0/(,.%%/7/(
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographies analytiques du thé<br />
;7.:/%,/%,63)':.&'H).53$/,(+),6'+63/,,<br />
:$%6/,F<br />
~$(+.0$(.&$'%,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,/&,D/,0.,&3"'*)':$%/,<br />
~$(+.0$(.&$'%,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,/&,D/,0.,&3"'*)':$%/,/%,U~ /%,U~<br />
K,QWN,%:,M,/&,5.),5+0?")$(.&$'%,D/,<br />
K,QWN,%:,M,/&,5.),5+0?")$(.&$'%,D/,)".6&$#,$'D'<br />
K M 5 5<br />
)".6&$#,$'D'-$'D+)", $'D+)",<br />
/%,5)"(/%6/,D_+%,&":'$%,D/,6.#"$%/<br />
>/)&/,=,0.,D/(($6.&$'%,F,<br />
>/)&/,=,0.,D/(($6.&$'%,F,h,X h,X<br />
8/%D)/(,&'&.0/(,F,<br />
8/%D)/(,&'&.0/(,F,b,X b,X<br />
!'(.H/,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,5.),8ik><br />
LE MATÉ : Ilex paraguariensis<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
LE MATÉ : Ilex paraguariensis
FORMES COMMERCIALES DU MATÉ<br />
CONSTITUANTS ACTIFS PRINCIPAUX DU MATE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographie analytique du maté<br />
MATÉ VERT KIlex Ilex paraguarensis<br />
paraguarensisM,,>3G,V).%t.$(/,\O<br />
M,,>3G,V).%t.$(/,\O 4:/ "D$&$'%<br />
i.,5.)&$/,+&$0$(",D+,:.&",?/)&,/(&,6'%(&$&+"/,5.),0.,#/+$00/,D/,<br />
i.,5.)&$/,+&$0$(",D+,:.&",?/)&,/(&,6'%(&$&+"/,5.),0.,#/+$00/,D/,Ilex Ilex<br />
paraguarensis B&G,k$0G,('+:$(/,=,+%/,D/(($66.&$'%,).5$D/,=,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,$%6$("/,G,i/,:.&",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,<br />
63.+D@,5+$(,$%6$("/,G,i/,:.&",?/)&,6'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,\@O,X,<br />
.+,:$%$:+:,\@O,X,<br />
D/,6.#"$%/ 6.06+0",5.),).55')&,=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/<br />
i/ i/,:.&",(/,5)"(/%&/,/%,:')6/.+7,$))"H+0$/)(@,.%H+0/+7@,<br />
:.&" (/ 5)"(/%&/ /% :')6/.+7 $))"H+0$/)( .%H+0/+7<br />
H0.*)/(@,?/)&,P.+%s&)/@,/&,:/(+).%&,D.%(,0/+),50+(,H).%D/,<br />
D$:/%($'%,D/,Q::,=,N::G<br />
;7.:/%,/%,63)':.&'H).53$/,(+),6'+63/,:$%6/,F<br />
- ?$(+.0$(.&$'% D/ 0. 6.#"$%/ /& D/ 0. &3"'*)':$%/ /% U~ KQWN QWN %: M<br />
- 5+0?")$(.&$'% D/ )".6&$# $'D'-$'D+)"<br />
$'D' $'D+)" /% 5)"(/%6/ D/ &":'$% 6.#"$%/<br />
>/)&/,=,0.,D/(($6.&$'%,F,,h,X<br />
8/%D)/(,&'&.0/(,F,,h,X<br />
!'(.H/,D/,0.,6.#"$%/,5.),8ik>
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Analyse microscopique du maté<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
LE GUARANA : Paullinia cupana Kunth<br />
var. sorbilis<br />
E)*+(&/ D/,0.,#.:$00/,D/(,,<br />
B.5$%D.6"/(,')$H$%.$)/,D/,<br />
0.,)"H$'%,.:.e'%$/%%/<br />
i/(,#)+$&(,F,*.$/(,)'+H/,-<br />
').%H"/( ').%H"/(,6'%&/%.%&,,Z,H).$%/(,<br />
6'%&/%.%& Z H).$%/(<br />
i.,D)'H+/,F,.:.%D/,D/,0.,<br />
H).$%/ '*&/%+/,.5)4(,5.((.H/,<br />
(+),+%/,('+)6/,D/,63.0/+)<br />
U(.H/,.%6$/%,5.),0/(,<br />
6'::+%.+&"(,.:.e'%$/%%/(,<br />
6'::/,.%&$:.0.)$9+/@,(&$:+0.%&<br />
/&,` .%&$-#.$: a<br />
COMPOSES ACTIFS DU GUARANA<br />
1.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,<br />
1.(/(,7.%&3$9+/(,5)$%6$5.0/:/%&,)/5)"(/%&"/(,5.)<br />
5)$%6$5.0/:/%&,)/5)"(/%&"/(,5.)<br />
0.,6.#"$%/,K,Z,<br />
0.,6.#"$%/,K,Z,- S,X,M,<br />
D/,#.$*0/(,9+.%&$&"(,D/,&3"'53200$%/,/&,&3"'*)':$%/<br />
8':5'("(,53"%'0$9+/(,<br />
8':5'("(,53"%'0$9+/(, &.%$%(,6.&"63$9+/(,<br />
&.%$%(,6.&"63$9+/(,SX SX<br />
8.&"63'0,/&,D")$?"(,6.&"63$9+/(<br />
.6$D/,6.&"63+&.%%$9+/<br />
>)"(/%6/,D/,(.5'%$%/(,K+(.H/,6'::/,5$(6$6$D/M<br />
]).6/(,D/,?.%$00$%/<br />
U(.H/(,5)$%6$5.+7,6'::/,F<br />
B&$:+0.%&,532($9+/,/&,$%&/00/6&+/0<br />
8'+5/ 8'+5/-#.$:,` #.$:,` %.&+)/0 a,K)$(9+/(,5'+),0.,(.%&"M
FORMES COMMERCIALES DU GUARANA<br />
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographies analytiques du guarana<br />
Pharmacopée française : 2 monographies (graine <strong>et</strong> pâte)<br />
YjE[n;, YjE[n;,(Paulliniae (Paulliniae sorbilis semen)<br />
Y).$%/,('+:$(/,=,+%/,).5$D/,D/(($6.&$'%,=,63.+D,<br />
8 8'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,Z@W,X,D/,6.#"$%/,6.06+0"/,5.),).55')&,<br />
&$ & $ $ Z W X D #"$ 0 0" &<br />
=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/<br />
>E];, >E];,(Paulliniae (Paulliniae sorbilis contriti siccatique nuclei)<br />
>s&/,("63"/,'*&/%+/,5.),"6).(/:/%&,D/,0_.:.%D/@,('+:$(/,<br />
=,+%/,).5$D/,D/(($6.&$'%,=,63.+D,/&,3+:$D$#$"/<br />
i.,5s&/,D/,H+.).%.,6'%&$/%&,.+,:$%$:+:,Z@O,X,D/,6.#"$%/,6.06+0"/,<br />
5.),).55')&,=,0.,D)'H+/,D/(("63"/<br />
DOMAINE PHARMACEUTIQUE<br />
Monographies analytiques du guarana<br />
[D/%&$&",/%,88
LE CACAO<br />
Theobroma cacao L.<br />
8.6.'2/),F,<br />
8.6.'2/),F,.)*)/,&)'5$6.0,<br />
.)*)/,&)'5$6.0,')$H$%.$)/, ')$H$%.$)/,<br />
D+,
LE CACAO<br />
Culture <strong>et</strong> variété<br />
A+.&)/,?.)$"&"(,5)$%6$5.0/,D/,6.6.'<br />
i/, i/,#').(&/)' #').(&/)' KRW,X,D/,0.,5)'D+6&$'%,:'%D$.0/M,<br />
')$H$%.$)/,DJE:.e'%$/,:.$(,5)$%6$5.0/:/%&,<br />
6+0&$?",/%,E#)$9+/@,1)"($0,/&,Å9+.&/+),<br />
6+0&$?",/%,E#)$9+/@,1)"($0,/&,Å9+.&/+),<br />
)+(&$9+/,K )+(&$9+/,K2M<br />
i/ i/, i/,6)$'00' 6)$'00' F6+0&$?"/%E:")$9+/0.&$%/<br />
F,6+0&$?",/%,E:")$9+/,0.&$%/,<br />
K8.).C*/(@,E%&$00/(@,)'D+6&$'%,/%,&'%%/(,D/,#4?/,D/,6.6.',K63$##)/(,VEf,QOOSM<br />
LE CACAO<br />
Du traitement post-récolte au cacao marchand<br />
>0+5.)&,D/(,5.2(,5)'D+6&/+)(,F,<br />
)"6'0&/,D/+7,#'$(,5.),.%<br />
;6.*'((.H/,F,'5").&$'%,:.%+/00/,<br />
%"6/(($&.%&,+%/,:.$%<br />
%"6/(($&.%&,+%/,:.$%-D_'/+?)/, D_'/+?)/,<br />
$:5')&.%&/<br />
i/(, i/(,ZO ZO-WO,H).$%/( WO,H).$%/(@,/%&'+)"/(,D/,0/+),<br />
@,/%&'+)"/(,D/,0/+),<br />
5+05/,*0.%63/,:+6$0.H$%/+(/@,('%&,<br />
/7&).$&/(,.?/6,0/(,D'$H&(<br />
>+$(,H).$%/(,/&,5+05/,('%&,:$(,/%,&.(,<br />
6'%$9+/,'+,/%,6.$((/,D/,\OO,=,\,OOO,<br />
cH,5'+),0_"&.5/,D/,#/):/%&.&$'%
LE CACAO<br />
Du traitement post-récolte au cacao marchand<br />
i.,#/):/%&.&$'%,KW,P'+)(M,.*'+&$&,=,F<br />
U%/,D/(&)+6&$'%,D+,5'+?'$),H/):$%.&$#,<br />
D/,0.,H).$%/,<br />
U%/,D$:$%+&$'%,D/,0_.:/)&+:/,5.),<br />
5/)&/,D/,&3"'*)':$%/<br />
5/)&/ 5/)&/,D/,&3"'*)':$%/<br />
D/ &3"'*)':$%/<br />
U%/,D$:$%+&$'%,D/,0_.(&)$%H/%6/,5.),<br />
6'%D/%(.&$'%,D/(,5'0253"%'0(,.?/6,<br />
0/(,.6$D/(,.:$%"(,/&,0/(,5)'&"$%/(,<br />
i_'*&/%&$'%,D_.6G,.:$%"(,/&,D/,(+6)/(,<br />
)"D+6&/+)(,`,5)"6+)(/+)(,D_.)x:/,a,<br />
9+$,0')(,D/,0.,&'))"#.6&$'%,<br />
9+$,0')(,D/,0.,&'))"#.6&$'%, 6':5'("(,<br />
.)':.&$9+/(,&25$9+/(<br />
LE CACAO<br />
Du traitement post-récolte au cacao marchand<br />
i/,(463.H/,D/(,H).$%/(,F<br />
[%&")^&,F,).:/%/),0.,&/%/+),<br />
:.(($9+/,/%,/.+,D/(,H).$%/(,<br />
#/):/%&"/(,D_/%?$)'%,SO,X,=,<br />
:'$%(,D/,h,X $ D h X<br />
B463.H/,%.&+)/0,'+,("63.H/,<br />
.)&$#$6$/0,K.$),63.+D@,(463.H/,<br />
:"6.%$9+/M<br />
U%/,#'$(,(463"/(,/&,%/&&'2"/(@,<br />
0/(,H).$%/(,5)/%%/%&,0/,%':,D/,<br />
`#4?/(,D/,6.6.'<br />
#4?/(,D/,6.6.' a,<br />
LE CACAO<br />
Du traitement post-récolte au cacao marchand<br />
8':5'($&$'%,D/(,#4?/(,(463"/(,F<br />
>/)&/,/%,(.663.)'(/,/&,5+)$%/(,<br />
E+H:/%&.&$'%,D/,0.,&/%/+),/%,<br />
(+6)/(,)"D+6&/+)(<br />
k2D)'02(/,D/(,5)'&"$%/(,<br />
k2D)'02(/,D/(,5)'&"$%/(,<br />
'0$H'5/5&$D/(,d,.6G,.:$%"(,0$*)/(<br />
V')&/,D$:$%+&$'%,D/(,6':5'("(,<br />
53"%'0$9+/(@,%'&.::/%&,D/(<br />
#0.?.% #0.?.%-Z-'0(,K"5$6.&"63$%/,/&,<br />
'0(,K"5$6.&"63$%/,/&,<br />
5)'62.%$D$%/(M
LE CACAO<br />
Du cacao marchand au produit semi-fini<br />
>)"&'))"#.6&$'%,).5$D/,<br />
>)"&'))"#.6&$'%,).5$D/, #.6$0$&/,0/,<br />
D"6')&$6.H/,<br />
D"6')&$6.H/,Kz,WX,D/,6'9+/(,M<br />
Kz,WX,D/,6'9+/(,M<br />
E06.0$%$(.&$'% Kr KrQ8f 8fZM, M, :'D$#$6.&$'%,<br />
6'+0/+),/&,#0.?/+)(,5.),.&&.9+/,D/(,<br />
&.%$%(<br />
]'))"#.6&$'% \OO \OO,=,\WO, = \WO {885/%D.%& 8,5/%D.%&, 5/%D.%&<br />
QO,=,NO,:$%+&/(<br />
8':5'("(,?'0.&$0(,<br />
8':5'("(,?'0.&$0(,#'):"(,F, #'):"(,F,<br />
.0D"32D/(@,"&3/)(@,53"%'0(@,%$&)$0/(@,<br />
6':5'("(,('+#)"(@,52).e$%/(@,<br />
6"&'%/(@,.06''0(@,#+).%%/(,/&,/(&/)(<br />
V$0$4)/,5'+D)/,<br />
V$0$4)/,5'+D)/, &'+)&/.+7,5)/(("(,<br />
Kz,QO,X,:.&G,H).((/M,5+0?")$("(<br />
V$0$4)/,*/+))/,<br />
V$0$4)/,*/+))/, D"('D')$(.&$'%,('+(,<br />
?$D/,5.),$%P/6&$'%,D/,?.5/+)<br />
LE CACAO<br />
Du produit semi-fini au chocolat<br />
[:5')&.%6/,D+,6'%63.H/,F<br />
f5").&$'%,5)$:')D$.0/,/%,<br />
63'6'0.&/)$/<br />
B_/##/6&+/,D.%(,D/,H).%D/(,<br />
6+?/( 6+?/(,K6'%63/(M,'Ç,0.,5s&/,<br />
K6'%63/(M 'Ç 0. 5s&/<br />
D/,63'6'0.&@,63.+##"/,/%&)/,<br />
WO,=,hO, WO,=,hO,{8,/(&,*).(("/,/&,<br />
8,/(&,*).(("/,/&,<br />
:.0.7"/,D/,%*,3/+)/(<br />
B&'6c.H/,=,NW<br />
B&'6c.H/,=,NW{8<br />
]/:5").H/,<br />
]/:5").H/, '89 '89:&<br />
(;7<br />
CACAO ET CHOCOLAT<br />
Aspects nutritionnels
CACAO ET CHOCOLAT<br />
Le cacao contient-il de la caféine ?<br />
>'+D)/,D/,6.6.'<br />
>'+D)/,D/,6.6.'<br />
B/0'%,0/,D/H)",D/,#/):/%&.&$'%,/&,0/,&25/,D/,#4?/(,D/,6.6.'@,0.,&/%/+),/%,<br />
6.#"$%/,?.)$/,/%&)/,OG\,/&,OGWXG,i/(,5'+D)/(,D/,6.6.',#.*)$9+"/(,=,5.)&$),D/,<br />
#4?/(,D/,6.6.',#/):/%&"/(,/%,E#)$9+/,'%&,+%/,&)4(,#.$*0/,&/%/+),/%,6.#"$%/ F,<br />
OG\X,'+,:'$%(G<br />
83'6'0.&, 83'6'0.&,<br />
i/,&.+7,D/,6.#"$%/,5'+),+%/,*.))/,D/,63'6'0.&,,60.(($9+/,KNO,HM,/&,5'+),+%/,<br />
&.((/,D/,63'6'0.&,.+,0.$&@,/(&,"9+$?.0/%&/,=,6/,9+J'%,&)'+?/,D.%(,+%/,&.((/,<br />
D/,6.#",D"6.#"$%",F,\O,<br />
D/,6.#",D"6.#"$%",F,\O,É \W,:HG,i.,&/%/+),/(&,0"H4)/:/%&,(+5")$/+)/,5'+),0/,<br />
63'6'0.&,%'$)G<br />
]/%/+),/%,&3"'*)':$%/,,<br />
]/%/+),/%,&3"'*)':$%/,,<br />
Fèves de cacao : 1,1 – 4,3 % Chocolat au lait : 0,1 – 0,2 %<br />
Cacao en poudre : 0,5 – 2,6 % Chocolat noir : 0,4 – 1,6 %<br />
i.,&3"'*)':$%/,/(&,+%,(&$:+0.%&,D'+7,D+,Bn8,/&,5)"(/%&/,"H.0/:/%&,<br />
D/(,,5)'5)$"&"(,D$+)"&$9+/@,?.('D$0.&.&)$6/,/&,6.)D$'(&$:+0.%&/G<br />
CACAO ET CHOCOLAT<br />
Polyphénols du cacao<br />
CACAO ET CHOCOLAT<br />
Aspects règlementaires (décr<strong>et</strong> n°76-692)<br />
Chocolat F,5)'D+$&,'*&/%+,=,5.)&$),D/,6.6.',/%,H).$%(@,D/,6.6.',/%,5s&/@,D/,<br />
6.6.',/%,5'+D)/,'+,D/,6.6.',:.$H)/,/%,5'+D)/,/&,D/,(.663.)'(/@,.?/6,'+,<br />
(.%(,.DP'%6&$'%,D/,*/+))/,D/,6.6.'@,/&,6'%&/%.%&,.+,:'$%(,ZW,X,D/,:.&$4)/,<br />
(463/,&'&.0/,D/,6.6.'@,.+,:'$%(,\N,X,D/,6.6.',(/6,/&,D"H).$((",/&,.+,:'$%(,<br />
\h,X,D/,*/+))/,D/,6.6.'G<br />
Chocolat au lait F,5)'D+$&,'*&/%+,=,5.)&$),D/,6.6.',/%,H).$%(@,D/,6.6.',/%,<br />
5s&/@,D/,6.6.',/%,5'+D)/,'+,D/,6.6.',:.$H)/,/%,5'+D)/,/&,D/,(.663.)'(/@,<br />
.?/6 .?/6,'+,(.%(,.DP'%6&$'%,D/,*/+))/,D/,6.6.'@,.$%($,9+_=,5.)&$),D/,0.$&,'+,D/,<br />
'+ (.%( .DP'%6&$'% D/ */+))/ D/ 6.6.' .$%($ 9+_= 5.)&$) D/ 0.$& '+ D/<br />
:.&$4)/(,5)'?/%.%&,D/,0.,D"(32D).&.&$'%,5.)&$/00/,'+,/%&$4)/,D+,0.$&,/%&$/),'+,D+,<br />
0.$&,5.)&$/00/:/%&,'+,/%&$4)/:/%&,"6)":",/&,"?/%&+/00/:/%&,D/,6)4:/@,D/,6)4:/,<br />
5.)&$/00/:/%&,'+,/%&$4)/:/%&,D"(32D).&"/@,D/,*/+))/,'+,D/,H).$((/,*+&2)$9+/G<br />
Chocolat blanc F,5)'D+$&,/7/:5&,D/,:.&$4)/(,6'0').%&/(,@'*&/%+,=,5.)&$),D/,<br />
*/+))/,D/,6.6.',/&,D/,(.663.)'(/@,.$%($,9+_=,5.)&$),D/,0.$&,'+,D/,:.&$4)/(,<br />
5)'?/%.%&,D/,0.,D"(32D).&.&$',%5.)&$/00/,'+,/%&$4)/,D+,0.$&,/%&$/),'+,D+,0.$&,<br />
5.)&$/00/:/%&,'+,/%&$4)/:/%&,"6)":",/&,"?/%&+/00/:/%&,D/,6)4:/@,D/,6)4:/,<br />
5.)&$/00/:/%&,'+,/%&$4)/:/%&,D"(32D).&"/@,D/,*/+))/,'+,D/,H).$((/,*+&2)$9+/G<br />
n1,F,!/5+$(,QOOZ,KD$)/6&$?/,/+)'5"/%%/,QOOO|ZS|;8M@,5'(($*$0$&",<br />
n1,F,!/5+$(,QOOZ,KD$)/6&$?/,/+)'5"/%%/,QOOO|ZS|;8M@,5'(($*$0$&",D_.DP'%6&$'%,D/,,<br />
D_.DP'%6&$'%,D/,,<br />
H).$((/(,?"H"&.0/ KW,X,:.7GM,.?/6,'*0$H.&$'%,D_"&$9+/&.H/G
CACAO ET CHOCOLAT<br />
Contrôle de la qualité finale<br />
;:*.00.H/,F,<br />
;:*.00.H/,F,.(5/6&@,"&.%63"$&",<br />
.(5/6&@,"&.%63"$&",<br />
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