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Extraction, caractérisation chimique et valorisation biologique de ...

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IV.2.3. Bilan <strong>de</strong> la délignification photo<strong>chimique</strong> ............................................................... 124<br />

IV.3. Bilan général .................................................................................................... 124<br />

Troisième partie : Quelques propriétés oncologiques <strong>de</strong> xylanes <strong>de</strong> châtaignier<br />

(Castanea sativa) ……………………………………………………………127<br />

Chapitre I. <strong>Extraction</strong>, purification <strong>et</strong> <strong>caractérisation</strong> <strong>chimique</strong> <strong>de</strong> xylanes <strong>de</strong> bois <strong>de</strong><br />

châtaignier <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> péricarpe d’argan .................................................................................... 131<br />

I.1. <strong>Extraction</strong> alcaline <strong>de</strong>s xylanes <strong>de</strong> châtaignier <strong>et</strong> d’argan ................................... 131<br />

I.1.1. <strong>Extraction</strong> <strong>de</strong> xylanes <strong>de</strong> châtaignier ....................................................................... 131<br />

I.1.2. <strong>Extraction</strong> <strong>de</strong> xylanes d’argan ................................................................................. 132<br />

I.2. Caractérisations <strong>chimique</strong>s .................................................................................. 133<br />

I.2.1. Composition centésimale ......................................................................................... 133<br />

I.2.2. Analyse Chromatographique en Phase Gazeuse ..................................................... 134<br />

I.2.3. Distribution en masse .............................................................................................. 135<br />

I.2.4. Etu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la distribution <strong>de</strong>s aci<strong>de</strong>s uroniques .......................................................... 136<br />

I.2.5. Analyse structurale (RMN) ..................................................................................... 139<br />

I.2.6. Conclusion sur les <strong>caractérisation</strong>s <strong>chimique</strong>s ........................................................ 142<br />

Chapitre II. Evaluation <strong>de</strong>s propriétés <strong>biologique</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s extraits en oncologie cellulaire <strong>et</strong><br />

moléculaire…...…………………………………………………………………………...143<br />

II.1. Eff<strong>et</strong>s sur la prolifération <strong>de</strong>s cellules A431 .................................................... 143<br />

II.2. Eff<strong>et</strong>s sur la migration <strong>de</strong>s cellules A 431 ........................................................ 144<br />

II.3. Eff<strong>et</strong>s sur l’invasion <strong>de</strong>s cellules A 431 ........................................................... 145<br />

II.4. Eff<strong>et</strong>s sur l’expression <strong>de</strong>s métalloprotéases .................................................... 146<br />

II.5. Corrélation entre les eff<strong>et</strong>s <strong>biologique</strong>s <strong>et</strong> la structure <strong>de</strong>s molécules ............. 147<br />

CONCLUSION GENERALE.....................................................................149<br />

Quatrième partie : Partie Expérimentale……………………………………153<br />

I.1. Réactifs <strong>et</strong> solvants .............................................................................................. 155<br />

II.1. Analyse <strong>chimique</strong> ............................................................................................ 156<br />

II.1.1. Analyses spectroscopiques ...................................................................................... 156<br />

II.1.2. Chromatographie ..................................................................................................... 157<br />

III.1. <strong>Extraction</strong> <strong>de</strong>s xylanes ...................................................................................... 158<br />

III.1.1. Préparation <strong>de</strong> l’holocellulose ................................................................................. 158<br />

III.1.2. <strong>Extraction</strong> <strong>de</strong>s xylanes ............................................................................................. 160<br />

III.1.3. <strong>Extraction</strong> <strong>de</strong>s xylanes à partir <strong>de</strong> péricarpe d’argan ............................................... 161<br />

III.1.4. <strong>Extraction</strong> alcaline <strong>de</strong>s xylanes ............................................................................... 162<br />

III.2. Caractérisations <strong>chimique</strong> <strong>de</strong>s xylanes ............................................................. 162<br />

III.2.1. Etu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la composition centésimale....................................................................... 162<br />

III.2.2. Dosage <strong>de</strong>s hydroxyles phénoliques totaux ............................................................. 165

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