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mtkvaris hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti

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JSC Caucasus Energy and Infrastructure (CEI)<br />

<strong>mtkvaris</strong> <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong><br />

garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis Sefaseba-<br />

Sualeduri <strong>proeqti</strong><br />

0


Tavi 1. Sesavali<br />

1.1. <strong>proeqti</strong>s winasityvaoba<br />

saqarTvelos energosistemas yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi imgvari struqtura<br />

gaaCnda, rom mas daekmayofilebina kavSiris pikuri moTxovna. amitom, imis gamo,<br />

rom energoqselis simZlavre ar iyo sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom daekmayofilebina<br />

saqarTvelos moTxovna eleqtroenergiaze damoukideblobis Semdeg, qveyanaSi<br />

aRiniSneboda seriozuli wyvetebi eleqtroenergiiT momaragebaSi. garda amisa,<br />

eqsportiori qveynebidan Sewyda wiaRiseuli sawvavis importi politikuri da<br />

ekonomikuri problemebis gamo. amis gamo saqarTvelos Tavisi moTxovnebi energoresursebze<br />

Tavad unda daekmayofilebina, romelSidac hidroenergoresursebi<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani resursi iyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTveloSi Zlieri<br />

iyo stimuli aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT da amis gamo, man wamoiwyo rigi proeqtebis<br />

ganxorcieleba rogorc kerZo, aseve saxelmwifo seqtorebSi. miuxedavad<br />

Zalisxmevisa, saqarTvelo iyo energiis importiori qveyana, romelic awarmoebda<br />

qveynis mTeli energomoxmarebis 71%-is imports, romelSidac bunebriv gazs<br />

ekava mTliani raodenobis 47%, maSin, rodesac navTobproduqtebi Seadgendnen<br />

24%-s. aqedan gamomdinare energousafrTxoebaze uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda energiis<br />

importi, wiaRiseul sawvavze sabazro fasebis meryeobis gamo es faqtori<br />

uaryofiTad moqmedebs ekonomikaze da eleqtroenergiis mowodebis wyvetaze<br />

politikuri sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT eqsportior qveynebTan.<br />

meores mxriv, hidroresursebi saqarTveloSi ZiriTad energoresurss<br />

warmoadgens, radganac igi msoflios erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa hidro resursebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. amJamad eleqtroenergiis moTxovnis 78% kmayofildeba<br />

saqarTvelos hidroeeleqtrosadgurebis meSveobiT. hidroeleqtruli potenciali<br />

saqarTveloSi Sesafsebulia rogorc 40-50 milion kv/sT, saidanac 10-15 mln.<br />

kv/sT weliwadSi ekonomikurad perspeqtiulia. maSin, rodesac wylis energiis<br />

wyaroebis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi Seadgens misi hidroeleqtroenergiis potencialis<br />

mxolod 25-30%-s. amis gamo, seqtors gaaCnia ganviTarebis potenciali<br />

energiis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da energiis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />

romlis meSveobiTac xdeba eqsportis gazrda da qveyanaSi dasaqmebulobis zrda.<br />

hidroeenergias, romelic warmoadgens ganaxlebadi energiis tips, gaaCnia dabali<br />

riski, an mas ar gaaCnia riski ekologiis, ekonomikur da politikur<br />

sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT, rodesac warmoebs misi Sedareba zemoT naxseneb energo<br />

resursebTan. garda amisa, hidroenergia warmoadgens adgilobriv energo resurss,<br />

xolo hidroenergiis seqtoris gaumjobeseba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan win<br />

gadadgmul nabijs, romelic uzrunvelyofs energiis usafrTxoebas. garda amisa,<br />

wiaRiseuli sawvavis garemoze zemoqmedeba kidev ufro Semcirdeba hidroenergiis<br />

gamoyenebasTan erTad.<br />

1


Sedareba, romelic gakeTda angariSSi enrgiis Sesaxeb momzadda TMMOB-is mier<br />

(TurqeTis inJinrebis da arqiteqtorebis palatis gaerTianeba) 2006 wels, igi<br />

mocemulia cxrilSi 1.1. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, mzis energias, qaris energias<br />

da hidroenergias ara aqvT garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis efeqti, rodesac maT<br />

vadarebT energiis pirvelad wyaroebTan.<br />

cxrili. 1.1. energiis generaciis sostemebis Sedareba maTi garemoze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT<br />

Kklimatis<br />

cvlileba<br />

mJavuri<br />

wvima<br />

wylis<br />

dabinZureba<br />

niadagis<br />

dabinZureba<br />

xmauri radiacia<br />

benzini √ √ √ √ √ -<br />

qvanaxSiri √ √ √ √ √ √<br />

bunebrivi<br />

gazi<br />

birTvuli<br />

energia<br />

hidroenergia<br />

√ √ √ - √ -<br />

- - √ √ - √<br />

√ - - - - -<br />

wyali - - - - √ -<br />

mzis energia - - - - - -<br />

geoTermuli<br />

energia<br />

- - √ √ - -<br />

monacemebis Sesabamisad, romelic aRebuli iyo 2004 wlis angariSidan, romelic<br />

moamzada energetikis saerTaSoriso saagentom, energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi<br />

(biomasa, hidroeleqtruli, mzis, qaris, geoTermuli, a.S.) akmayofileben<br />

pirvelad energiaze globaluri moTxovnis 13.5%-s. 1990-2004 wlebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi, globaluri mTliani pirveladi energiis wliuri moxmareba<br />

gaizarda 1.4%-iT, maSin, rodesac igive periodis ganmavlobaSi Tanamedrove<br />

ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba gaizarda wliuri 19.1%-iT,<br />

Tanamedrove biomasis resursebis gamoyeneba (qalaqis narCenebi, biogazi)<br />

gaizarda 7.6%-iT, geoTermuli energiis moxmareba wliuri 2.3%-iT.<br />

eleqtroenergiis globaluri generaciis 18.1%-i iwarmoeba energiis aRdgenadi<br />

wyaroebis meSveobiT.<br />

saqarTveloSi navTobis, gazis da hidroenergiis gamoyenebis wili qveynis<br />

mTliani eleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi Seadgens 0.3%, 26.7% da 73%-s<br />

Sesabamisad. eleqtroenergiis warmoeba hidroeleqtrosadgurebSi gaizarda<br />

ZiriTadad saoperacio pirobebis gaumjobesebis da gazrdis gamo seqtorSi.<br />

Tboeleqtrosadgurebis wili da importi saqarTvelos energetikis seqtorSi<br />

ganicdis stabilur daRmavlobas. 2006 wels pirveladi energiis mowodeba<br />

saqarTveloSi xorcieldeboda gazis (41.9%), navTobis (23.9%), aRdgenadi da<br />

2


narCeni (19.6%), hidroenergia (13.9%), geoTermaluri/mzis/qaris (0.3%) da<br />

qvanaxSiri/torfi (0.3%) mTlianobaSi.<br />

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wylis resursebis teqnikuri potenciali da masTan<br />

dakavSirebuli wylis energiis resursebi wliurad utoldeba 40-50 milion<br />

kvsT, saidanac 10-15 milioni kv/sT weliwadSi ekonomikurad realizebadia.<br />

dadgmuli hidroenergiis simZlavre Seadgens mxolod 26%-s mTliani arsebuli<br />

hidroenergiis potencialidan qveyanaSi.<br />

saqarTvelos respublika, rogorc ganviTarebadi qveyana, imyofeba ekonomikis<br />

swrafi zrdis periodSi da ganviTareba moiTxovs energiis mniSvnelovan raodenobas.<br />

amrigad, energetikis seqtori rCeba mTavrobis upirveles prioritetad da<br />

metad mniSvnelovania seqtoris ganviTareba ufro produqtiul da mdgrad<br />

energetikis sistemad. axlaxans energetikis saministrom gamoacxada axali sainvesticio<br />

programa “grinfildis” hidroenergetikul sadgurebSi, romlis mizania<br />

meti kerZo investiciebis mozidva hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ganviTarebis mizniT<br />

saqarTveloSi imisaTvis, rom moxdes qveynis wylis Warbi resursebis gamoyeneba.<br />

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mTavrobam mtkvris momavali<br />

hidroeleqtrosadguri, romelic mdebareobs mdinare mtkvarze, axalcixesTan axlos,<br />

Seitana potenciur hidroenetgetikul sadgurebis siaSi saqarTveloSi. aRniSnul<br />

farglebSi, mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> teqnikur ekonomikuri dasabuTeba<br />

axlaxans momzadda islandiis sakonsultacio sainJinro kompania “Verkis hf”-is<br />

mier saaqcio sazogadoeba “kavkasiis energiis da infrastruqturis” (CEI) mier.<br />

amave dros garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis sakiTxebis Seswavla<br />

ganxorcieldeba “ENCON Environmental Consultancy Co”-is mier., TurqeTi.<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s safuZvels Seadgens mdinare mtkvris gadaRobva, romelic saTaves<br />

iRebs TurqeTSi da miedineba samxreT-dasavleTisaken saqarTveloSi 1100 m met<br />

simaRleze zRvis donidan. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis adgili mdebareobs samxreTaRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, mdinare mtkvarze, axalcixesTan axlos. misi simZlavre<br />

Seadgens 43 mv. hidroeleqtrosadguri aris saderivacio tipis, romlis saTavo<br />

nageboba mdebareobs 3 km-ze sofel rusTavidan da <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba<br />

mdebareobs 1 km-is manZilze sofel sakuneTidan. sadguris ZiriTadi Semadgeneli<br />

elementebis CamonaTvali mocemulia qvemoT:<br />

• saTavo nageboba<br />

• saderivacio gvirabi – sigrZe: 9.5 km, diametri: 5m;<br />

• gaTanabrebeli Saxta;<br />

• <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba ori agregatiT;<br />

• gamSvebi arxi sigrZiT 40m-mde;<br />

• Zabvis amwevi qvesadguri;<br />

• 110 kv gadamcemi xazi sigriZiT 13 km.<br />

3


1.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s fizikuri Tvisebebi, miwaTsargebloba, <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS<br />

myofi teritoriis aRwera<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT<br />

aRmosavleTiT, mdinare mtkvarze, qalaq axalcixesTan. mdinare saTaves iRebs<br />

TurqeTSi da miedineba saqarTvelos samxreT dasavleTisaken, zRvis donidan<br />

1100 m. simaRleze. qalaq axalcixesTan mdinare uxvevs aRmosavleTisaken 950 m.<br />

simaRleze da iqidan miedineba aRmosavleTisaken, dedaqalaq Tbilisis gavliT,<br />

azerbaijanisaken da Semdeg erTvis kaspiis zRvas.<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>saTvis gamoyofili teritoriis identifikaciisa da fizikuri Tvisebebis<br />

identifikaciis mizniT 2009 wlis 16-18 Tebervals ganxorcielda viziti<br />

adgilze. cnobilia, rom mTeli teritoria imyofeba mTavrobis kontrolis qveS<br />

garda 8 ha teritoriisa, romelic kerZo sakuTrebaSia.<br />

hidroeleqtorsadguris is nawilebi, romlebic aSenebuli iqneba <strong>mtkvaris</strong><br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s farglebSi, Semdegia:<br />

• mtkvris kaSxali, romelic mdebareobs sofel rusTavis zemoT 2 km-Si.<br />

• arxis mimRebi Senoba, romelic aRWurvilia saSandore saketiT da<br />

nagavdamWeri cxauriT;<br />

• wyalgadasaSvebi;<br />

• 9.6 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabi;<br />

• gvirabis pompaJis danadgarebi dinebis mimarTulebiT;<br />

• sadawneo gvirabi liToniT amogebuli ganStoebebiT, romelic mdebareobs<br />

eleqtrosadguris gverdiT;.<br />

• zedapiruli tipis eleqtrosadguris Senoba, romelic aRWurvilia ori<br />

eleqtrogeneratoriT da damxmare agregatebiT;<br />

• droseluri SemSvebi sarqvelebi da difuzoris gamosasvlelebi;<br />

• mdinaris zemo dinebis gamomyvani arxi, romelic mdebareobs sof. sakuneTTan;<br />

• misasvleli gza da xidi, romelic kveTs mdinares gamomyvani arxis zemoT;<br />

• Ria manawilebeli mowyobiloba eleqtrosadguris SenobasTan;<br />

• 8 km-iani gadamcemi xazi arsebul qvesadgurTan<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia<br />

suraTze 1.1.<br />

4


1.3. <strong>proeqti</strong>s alternativebi<br />

mtkvris gansaxorcielebeli <strong>proeqti</strong>s teqnikuri ekonomikuri Seswavlis win<br />

gakeTda zogadi Sedareba or alternativas Soris. orive alternativis<br />

Sesabamisad dagegmilia eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba sofel sakuneTTan.<br />

varianti 1-Tvis gamoyenebulia simaRleTa sxvaoba 977 metridan 909 metramde,<br />

7.5 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabiT, maSin, rodesac varianti 2 iyenebs simaRleTa<br />

gansxvavebas 1012 metridan 909 metramde da 9.6 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabiT.<br />

varianti 1. saTavo nageboba rusTavis qvemoT<br />

kaSxalis adgilas wylis minimaluri done mdinareSi Seadgens 970 m, wylis<br />

Warbi done daaxloebiT 973 m. done SeiZleba aiwios maqsimum 977 m da ar unda<br />

iyos meti, vidre wyaldidobis dros. aRniSnulma variantma savaraudod SeiZleba<br />

wamoWras regulirebadi wyalgadasaSvebis arsebobis aucilebloba. saSandore<br />

saketi da nagvis damWeri cxaurebi saWiro iqneba gvirabisebr wyalasaRebTan.<br />

arsebuli gza misdevs mdinaris marjvena nawils da am SemTxvevaSi wylis nakadi<br />

unda iyos moqceuli gzis qveS. garda amisa, axlaxans dasrulebuli kvlevis<br />

Sesabamisad, gza saWiroebs amaRlebas 3-4 metriT daaxloebiT 100-200 metris<br />

manZilze. dagegmili mimyvani gvirabis sworebis xazi aris wrfovani wylis<br />

mimRebidan im adgilamde, romelic sof. sakuneTidan 600 m zemoT mdebareobs<br />

910 metris simaRleze. gvirabis sigrZe savaraudod 7.5 km.-ia.<br />

varianti 2. saTavo nageboba rusTavis zemoT<br />

mocemuli kaSxalis axlos wylis minimaluri done Seadgens daaxloebiT 992 m.<br />

wylis donem SeiZleba aiwios daaxloebiT 1012 m-mde, romelic SeiZleba kidev<br />

ufro maRali iyos wyaldidobis dros. amis gamo aRniSnul adgilas saWiro<br />

iqneba moewyos 100-150 m sigrZis araregulirebadi wyalgadasaSvebi. saWiro<br />

iqneba mdinaris gaswvriv mdebare gzis mniSvnelovani aweva ramodenime aseuli<br />

metriT. adgilze Seswavlam gviCvena, rom aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba teqnikuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT ar unda iyos problematuri. amJamad gza SedarebiT cud<br />

mdgomareobaSia safaris gareSe, misi zedapiri moxreSilic ki ar aris. saWiro<br />

iqneba SeTanxmebis gaformeba gzis samuSaoebze pasuxismgebel organoebTan.<br />

agreTve saWiro iqneba saSandore saketi da nagvis damWeri cxaurebi gvirabisebr<br />

wyalsaRebTan. zogadad aq arsebuli pirobebi ufro xelsayrelia gvirabisebri<br />

wyalsaRebisaTvis da kaSxalisaTvis, vidre qvemoT arsebul kaSxalTan. imasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, rom mimReb wyalsacavs eqneba meti moculoba, mimRebi SeiZleba<br />

moewyos ufro Rrmad, rac gamoricxavs regulirebadi gadasaSvebis saWiroebas.<br />

mSeneblobis dros saWiro iqneba mdinaris sarini da aq SeiZleba moewyos miwis<br />

(yrili) kaSxali.<br />

zogadi Sedareba aRniSnul or variants Soris gviCvenebs, rom varianti 2 ufro<br />

misaRebia da rekomendebulia <strong>proeqti</strong>s Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. ori<br />

ZiriTadi mizani varianti 2-Tan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba Sejamdes Semdegnairad:<br />

varianti 1-is Sesabamisad, sarinis mdebareoba moiTxovs SedarebiT<br />

6


ZviradRirebuli regulirebadi gadasaSvebis mowyobas variant 2-Tan SedarebiT,<br />

sadac rentabeluri wyalgadamSvebis mowyoba iqneba saWiro da meore, gansxvaveba<br />

sadawneosa da Sesabamisad, energiis gamosavalSi udris 5%-s, xolo Tu<br />

SevadarebT meore variants, romlis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebulia mimyvani<br />

gvirabis sigrZesTan, igi Seadgens 27% (9,6 km varianti 2-Tvis nacvlad 7.5 kmisa<br />

varianti 1-Tvis).<br />

qmedebis ualternativoba<br />

rodesac Sefaseba keTdeba qmedebis ualternativobaze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

aRniSnul alternativas ar eZleva upiratesoba energiis warmoebaSi, romelic<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s mizans Seadgens da romelic moutans sargeblobas qveyanas. rodesac<br />

qmedebis ualternativoba miiReba mxedvelobaSi, Sedegebi, romlebic SeiZleba<br />

iqnas miRebuli, qvemoT aris CamoTvlili:<br />

• qveynis dRiTidRe sul ufro mzardi moTxovna energiaze, sxva energiis<br />

mwarmoebel saSualebebze, rogoricaa Termuli da birTvuli qarxnebi,<br />

romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> saxiT, wina planze<br />

wamova. am SemTxvevaSi, investicia, romelic ufro Zviria (mSeneblobis da<br />

eqspluataciis xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT) da aqvs ufro meti gavlena<br />

garemoze, saWiro iqneba Sefasdes.<br />

• ufro farTod, qveynis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTareba iqneba<br />

SezRuduli rogorc Sedegi SezRudvisa hidroeleqtroenergiis<br />

resursebis gamoyenebaSi, romlebic dabali Rirebulebisaa da srulad<br />

xelmisawvdomi.<br />

• dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba 60 adamianisaTvis, 200 adamianisaTvis<br />

mSeneblobis periodSi da 30 adamianisaTvis eqspluataciis fazaSi, ar<br />

iqneba uzrnvelyofili da mosalodneli gaumjobeseba regionis<br />

ekonomikaSi saWiro mowyobilobis uzrunvelsayofad, gansakuTrebiT<br />

samSeneblo fazis dros, ar iqneba miRebuli<br />

7


Tavi 2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis mdebareoba<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong> <strong>mtkvaris</strong> ganxorcielebis adgili mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT<br />

aRmosavleTiT, mdinare mtkvarze, qalaq axalcixesTan. uaxloesi dasaxlebaa sofeli<br />

sakuneTi, romelic mdebareobs 1 km-is manZilze <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> nagebobidan.<br />

momavali <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> nagebobis da kaSxalis mSeneblobis koordinatebi<br />

dadginda savele Seswavlis dros (suraTi 2.1.) da mocemulia qvemoT moyvanil<br />

cxrilSi.<br />

sur. 2.1. savele Seswavlis foto<br />

8


cxrili 2.1. <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> da kaSxalis kooordinatebi da simaRleebi<br />

mdebareoba koordinatebi simaRle<br />

hidroeleqtrosadguri 0343092 E<br />

4617008 N<br />

kaSxali (regulatori) 0345588 E<br />

4607171 N<br />

(m)<br />

913<br />

1,002<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mier gamomuSavebuli eneqtroenergiis gadacema moxdeba<br />

arsebul qvesadgurSi, romelic mdebareobs axalcixeSi, 8 km. sigrZis gadamcemi xazis<br />

meSveobiT da igi miuerTeba el.energiis erovnul qsels. nax. 2.2. da 2.3. naCvenebia<br />

saTavo nagebobebis da <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba.<br />

9


suraTi 2.2. mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> ZiriTadi nagebobebis saTavo Senobebi<br />

10


suraTi 2.3. hidrkoeleqtrosadguri <strong>mtkvaris</strong> mdebareoba<br />

cxril 2.2.-Si mocemulia mtkvris momavali <strong>proeqti</strong>s specifikaciebi.<br />

cxrili 2.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s maxasiaTeblebi<br />

hidrologiuri monacemebi<br />

wylis mimRebi<br />

mdinaris saSualo dineba 55.3 m 3 /wm<br />

turbinis dadgmuli<br />

mwarmoebluroba<br />

maqsimaluri dafiqsirebuli<br />

dineba<br />

Cveulebrivi amaRleba<br />

55 m 3 /wm<br />

1,100 m 3 /wm<br />

1,012 m (a.s.l)<br />

damcavi jebiri 6 x 6 m2<br />

nagvis damWeri cxauri 7 x 8 m2<br />

wyalgadamSvebi kaSxalis TaRis amaRleba 1,012 m (a.s.l)<br />

kaSxalis sasadgure nawili<br />

sigrZe, wylis gadamSvebi 120 m<br />

simZlavre<br />

1,500 m 3 /wm<br />

TaRis amaRleba 1,016 m (a.s.l)<br />

sigrZe 250 m<br />

11


mimyvani gvirabi<br />

Saxtis tipis mawonasworebeli<br />

rezervuari<br />

sigrZe 9.6 km<br />

5.5 m<br />

daqaneba 0.85 %<br />

wylis siCqare (dadgmuli) 2.3 m/wm<br />

diametri 3.0 m<br />

auzi 225 m 2<br />

amaRleba umaRles wertilSi 1,030 m (a.s.l)<br />

simaRlet 120 m<br />

sadamwneo gvirabi betonies safari, sigrZe 90 m<br />

eleqtrosadguri<br />

liTonis safari, sifrZe 80 m<br />

danadgarebi da dadgmuli<br />

simZlavre<br />

2x21.5 mv<br />

tipi Vertical Francis<br />

nominaluri siCqare 333.3 b/wT<br />

generatoris saproeqto<br />

simZlavre<br />

eleqtrosadguris zoma (w x l)<br />

47 mva<br />

12 x 40 m 2<br />

gamomyvani arxi sigrZe 200 m<br />

simZlavre da eleqtroenergia<br />

fskeris sigane 6 m<br />

wylis done 909 m (a.s.l)<br />

wneva bruto 103 m<br />

wnevis neto dawola 90 m<br />

sasualo wliuri<br />

mwarmoebluroba<br />

nominaluri maqsimaluri<br />

simZlavre<br />

246 gvsT<br />

43 mv<br />

ganxorcieleba mSeneblobis mTliani periodi 3 weli<br />

12


Tavi 3. sawyisi monacemebi _ <strong>proeqti</strong>s arsebuli garemo<br />

maxasiaTeblebi da zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria<br />

3.1. mosaxleoba<br />

saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis monacemebiT, axalcixis<br />

municipalitetis mosaxleoba Seadgens 46,800 da 12,600 Sesabamisad. mosaxleobis<br />

wliuri monacemebi 2003-dan 2008 wlamde mocemulia cxrilSi 3.1.<br />

weli<br />

cxrili 3.1. aspinZis da axalcixis raionebis mosaxleobis wliuri maCveneblebi<br />

municipaluri mosaxleoba<br />

aspinZa axalcixe<br />

2003 12,900 45,800<br />

2004 12,300 45,200<br />

2005 12,300 45,400<br />

2006 12,700 46,900<br />

2007 12,700 46,900<br />

2008 12,600 46,800<br />

rogorc cxrili 3.1.-dan vxedavT, aspinZis mosaxleoba TiTqmis igive darCa<br />

mcireodeni Semcirebis garda, xolo axalcixis mosaxleoba gaizarda. imigraciis da<br />

emigraciis doneebi Zlier mcirea, gansakuTrebiT rusTavSi da sakuneTSi, sadac<br />

ganlagebulia hidroeleqtrosadturis saTavo nagebobei; ar aRniSneba emigracia an<br />

imigracia.<br />

sakuneTSi mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgens 700-800 adamians, rac daaxloebiT<br />

200 ojaxia, romlebSidac daaxloebiT Tanabarad aris gadanawilebuli maTi wevrebis<br />

13


wlovaneba da sqesi. Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba (mag.<br />

yvelaze Rirebuli produqtia kartofili) da mecxoveleoba (ZiriTadad saqoneli da<br />

cxvari). gavrcelebulia meTevzeobac; Tumca mas ara aqvs komerciuli xasiaTi.<br />

sakuneTis macxovreblebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba TiTqmis erTanairia. garda amisa,<br />

ganaTlebis done 100%-ia da qalTa da mamakacTa Soris aris Tanasworuflebianoba.<br />

garda amisa, sakuneTSi ar aRniSneba emigracia an imigracia, sakuneTSi amJamad arsebobs<br />

erTi patara klinika da erTi skola. savaldebulo 11 wliani ganaTlebis miReba<br />

savaldebuloa yvela bavSvisaTvis.<br />

rusTavSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 150 ojaxi, rac 400-500 adamians moicavs.<br />

rogorc sakuneTSi, aqac soflis meurneoba da mesaqonleoba Semosavlis yvelaze<br />

gavrcelebulis wyaroebia. soflis meurneobis produqtebs Soris yvelaze<br />

gavrcelebulia pamidvris da kartofilis moyvana. mesaqonleobaSi ZiriTadad Warbobs<br />

msxvilfexa saqonlis movla-patronoba. garda amisa, agreTve gavrcelebulia<br />

mefutkreoba. meti upiratesoba eniWeba soflis meurneobis samuSaoebs, rusTavSi<br />

dasaqmebis sxva wyaro ar arsebobs. mwignobrobis done 100%-ia, aRniSnuli<br />

teritoriisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli emigracia, an imigracia. amJamad rusTavSi<br />

aris erTi skola da erTi patara klinika. sofelSi moqmedebs 11-wliani savaldebulo<br />

saSualo ganaTlebis moTxovna.<br />

3.2. geologiuri da hidrogeologiuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />

3.2.1. zogadi geologia<br />

geologiuri struqturis udidesi nawili ukavia qanebis liTologiur<br />

saxeobebs, romlebic warmoadgenen vulanur breqCiebs, andezit-bazalts da andezituri<br />

lavis intraformaciul fenebs, kirqvian Tixas, msxvilmarcvlovan kvarcsa da akozul<br />

da qviSaqvis grauvakas, tufovan qviSaqvas, tufs da argilits.<br />

zogadad aRniSnul stadiaze gvirabis mSeneblobis pirobebi misaRebia.<br />

mosalodneli ar aris mSeneblobis periodSi wylis seriozuli modineba. ar arsebobs<br />

seriozuli xarvezebi gvirabis gasworTan dakavSirebiT. qanebis gavrcoba gasworTan<br />

mimarTebiT perpendikularulia, rac iTvleba dadebiT faqtorad. kldovani formaciebi<br />

14


Sedgeba tufis breqiebisagan, qviSaqvisagan, argilitisagan da rigi CanarTebisagan,<br />

romlebic Sedgeba ufro mkvrivi bazalti-andezitis qanebisagan. qanis simkvrive<br />

misaRebia gaTxrebis sawarmoeblad.<br />

3.2.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis geologia<br />

geomorfologiuri TvalsazrisiT teritoria misaRebia misTvis Sesaferisi<br />

nagebobebisaTvis. gvirabis gaswvrivi ZiriTadad Sedgeba Zlier mkvrivi ZiriTadi<br />

qanebisagan, romlebSic SeWrilia napralebi, romelTagan zogierTisaTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebelia susti zonebi.<br />

hqonia adgili.<br />

teritoriis geodinamiuri pirobebi (seismuroba) misaRebia da msgavs fenomens ar<br />

kldis 80-dan 85% yvela fenis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, klasificirdeba rogorc<br />

VII-XI jgufi burRvisa da afeTqebis TvalsazrisiT, aqedan 15-dan 20%<br />

klasificirebulia rogorc VI-VII jgufis.<br />

yvela hidroeleqtro nagebobebidan yvelaze rTuli teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT<br />

iqneba saderivacoi gvirabi. regionSi adre Catarebuli geologiuri kvlevis Sedegebze<br />

dayrdnobiT, saderivacio gvirabis savaraudo marSruti gaivlis gviani paleogenuri<br />

periodis vulkanigenur da zRvis danaleqze. 9,5 km-is sigrZis gvirabi SeiWreba<br />

Sereuli liTologiuri struqturis masivSi kveTis sxvadasxva xarisxiT an napralebis<br />

warmoqmniT, rac SeiZleba ZiriTad uaryofiT faqtorad CaiTvalos.<br />

samxreTis portalidan (sofeli rusTavis mxridan) 2.5 km-is manZilze, gvirabi<br />

gadaWris Silda-dviris kldovan masivs, romelic ekuTvnis gviani Sua eocenis periods:<br />

masiurad Cawyobili vulkanuri breqCiebi da lavis intraformaciuli fenebi –<br />

ZiriTadad bazaltoidebi, iSviaTad andezit-bazaltebi, ancecitebi da braqitebi.<br />

tufitebi, gravelitebi, tufi-qviSaqvebi da mergelebi sxvadasva adgilaa ganlagebuli<br />

zemoTa doneze.<br />

gvirabis Sua nawili samxreTidan CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT 4.2 km sigrZeze<br />

Wris kldovani nawilis masivs, romelic miekuTvneba zeda eocenur periods,<br />

ganlagebulia araregularuli saxiT zemoT naxseneb kldovan nawilTan, sadac<br />

15


mergelebi, uxeSmarcvlovani kvarcul-arkozuli da grauvaka qviSaqva da fiqlovani<br />

Tixa aris warmodgenili. bazalturi, andezit-bazalturi da traxitis lavebi da<br />

piroklastolitebi SeWrilia ramidenime adgilas.<br />

gvirabis bolo, CrdiloeT nawili, romlis sigrZea daaxloebiT 1.4-1.6 km<br />

gaivlis gviani Sua eocenis periodis kldis masivs, romlis liTologiuri struqtura<br />

zemoT aris moyvanili.<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> ZiriTadi Senoba aigeba mdinare mtkvris kalapotis<br />

farglebSi, sadac kldovan fenebze daleqilia aluvialuri (an flivialuri) kenWovan-<br />

RorRiani naleqebi. keknWovan-RorRiani naleqebis sisqe mdinaris kalapotis aRniSnul<br />

monakveTSi ar unda aRematebodes 4-6m-s. terasispira Walis daqaneba (uSualod terasis<br />

safuZveli) warmodgenilia Tixovani niadagiT, romelic aris deluvia-proluviuri<br />

genezisis. ZiriTadi Senobebis Semadgeneli nawilebi (kaSxali, gvirabis mimyvani arxi an<br />

sxva) stabilurobis da saimedobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT, unda eyrdnobodes ZiriTad<br />

kldovan masas, rac ar aris rTuli Sesasrulebeli, gamomdinare geologiuri<br />

suraTidan.<br />

mdinare mtkvris marjvena ferdobi <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> savaraudo<br />

mSeneblobis adgilas, ZiriTadad warmodgenilia kldovani vulkanuri fenebiT,<br />

romlebic uSualod mdinaris napirTan dafarulia meoTxeuli periodis TixiT an<br />

kenWnaris danaleqiT. ZiriTadi fena SedarebiT mkvrivia da amis gamo Senobis<br />

stabiluroba, romelic masze iqneba ganlagebuli, ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, Tumca<br />

miviRebT ra mxedvelobaSi yvela saxeobis kldovani masivebis dinamiur datvirTvas,<br />

romelsac adgili aqvs, igi unda iqnas detalurad gamokvleuli savele da<br />

laboratoriul pirobebSi.<br />

3.2.3. hidrogeologiuri Tvisebebi<br />

hidrogeologiuri TvalsazrisiT, wylis Sesvla gvirabSi unda iyos<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli. egreT wodebuli napralovani wyali cirkulirebs napralovan<br />

masivebSi. napralis wylebi ZiriTadad ikvebebian atmosferuli naleqiT. zedapiruli<br />

wylebis (xeobebi, xramebi) droebiTi an mudmivi nakadebi masivis SigniT naklebi<br />

moculobiT SeiZleba CaiTvalos maT mkvebav wyaroebad.<br />

16


wylis Sesvla gvirabSi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva intensivobis – teqtonikur<br />

zonebSi an sxva napralebis gaCenis zonebSi wyali Caedineba ufro intensiurad, xolo<br />

aranapralovan klovan masivebSi wylis Cadineba iqneba naklebi an sruliad ar eqneba<br />

adgili. zogadad, intensiuri wylis Cadineba gvirabSi ar unda moxdes, radganac<br />

gvirabis mdebareobis siRrme ar aris didi da wyali, romelic Cadis masivis<br />

napralebSi, mosalodnelia, rom moxvdeba mdinare mtkvarSi sami mxridan – samxreTidan,<br />

dasavleTidan da CrdiloeTidan agreTve ar aris gamoricxuli Termuli an mineraluri<br />

wylis moxvedra gvirabSi.<br />

rac Seexeba ZiriTad Senobas, igi ganTavsdeba WalaSi kenWovan da Tixovan<br />

niadagze, romelic mdinaris wylis donidan gamomdinare imyofieba wyliT gajerebis<br />

mdgomareobaSi da aq wylis done niadagSi damokidebulia wylis doneze mdinareSi.<br />

kaSxalis mSenebloba da SesaZloa sxva nagebobebis mSeneblobac agreTve saWiroebdes<br />

specialur RonisZiebebs wylis separaciisaTvis.<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mdebareobis adgilas niadagi Seicavs mcire raodenobis<br />

wyals da wylis separacia ar iqneba moiTxovs specialuri RonisZiebebis gatarebas.<br />

msgavsi RonisZiebebi aucilebeli iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Senoba an misi<br />

fundamenti mdinaris donis qvemoT iqneba ganlagebuli.<br />

3.2.4. mineraluri resursebi<br />

adgilze ganxorcielebuli kvlevebis Sesabamisad, <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />

adgilze ar aris raime mniSvnelovani mineraluri resursi an wiaRiseuli saTbobi.<br />

qalaq axalcixesTan aris Semdegi mineraluri resursebi: bazalti, kenWovani qviSa,<br />

daumuSavebeli qva, gipsi, diatomiti, bentonitis Tixa da ceolitebi, romlebic<br />

moipoveba mcire raodenobiT da dabali xarisxisaa. amitom, aRniSnuli resursebi ar<br />

iTvleba mogebis miRebis wyarod. garda amisa, erTaderTi wiaRiseuli sawvavi aris<br />

yavisferi qvanaxSiri, romelsac mcire ekonomikuri faseuloba gaaCnia da amJamad ar<br />

warmoebs misi mopoveba. mwvane aqati, seleniti da araregularuli qvebi<br />

warmoadgens mopovebis sxva wyaros axalcixeSi. garda amisa, sofel rusTavTan aris<br />

marmarilos sabado.<br />

17


3.2.5. hidrogeologiuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze. mdinare saTaves iRebs TurqeTSi da<br />

miedineba saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTisaken, Semdeg igi uxvevs aRmosavleTisaken<br />

qalaq axlacixesTan da miedineba aRmoavleTiT, qalaq Tbilisisaken, Semdeg igi Caedineba<br />

kaspiis zRvaSi.<br />

mdinare mtkvris dinebis siCqare fiqsirdeboda ramodenime<br />

hidrometeorologiuri sadguris mier 1933-1986 periodSi. 1971-1986 wlebisaTvis<br />

arsebobs yoveldRiuri Canawerebi. mSeneblobis miznebisaTvis yvelaze Sesabamisi<br />

hidrometeorologiuri sadguri mdebareobs sofel minaZesTan, uravelis Senakadis<br />

SerTvis adgilas. hidrometeorologiuri monacemebi yovelTviuri saSualo xarjis<br />

saxiT, romelic daangariSebulia dRiuri Canawerebis safuZvelze, mocemulia cxrilSi<br />

3.1.<br />

wylis nakadi uravelis SenakadSi mcirea da mdinare mtkvris xarji dinebis<br />

zemoT, minaZis SerTvis adgilas, dakoreqtirda da dinebis saboloo saSualo<br />

maCvenebeli amJamad Seadgens 55.3 m 3 /wm.<br />

18


cxrili 3..2 yovelTviuri saSualo xarji<br />

Tve Q (m 3 /wm)<br />

ianvari<br />

Tebervali<br />

marti<br />

aprili<br />

maisi<br />

ivnisi<br />

ivlisi<br />

agvistot<br />

seqtemberi<br />

oqtomberi<br />

noemberi<br />

dekemberi<br />

3.3. seismuroba<br />

amJamad saqarTveloSi moqmedi seismurobis riskis zonirebis mixedviT, mocemuli<br />

raioni miekuTvneba egreT wodebul 8-baliani seismurobis zonas. zogadad aRniSnuli<br />

seismuroba ukavSirdeba aqtiur rRvevebs mocemul teritoriaze, romelic ekuTvnis<br />

didi kavkasionis raions, garda miwisZvrebisa, romelsac adgili hqonda 1920 da 1940<br />

ww. da romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo mcire kavkasionTan. 1900 wlidan qveyanaSi<br />

dafiqsirebulia ramodenime seriozuli miwisZvra, yvelaze Zlieri miwisZvra moxda<br />

1991 wlis aprilSi, romelmac arsebuli monacemebis Sesabamisad, gamoiwvia dazianeba<br />

ramodenime aTas kv.kilometrze. konstruqciis TvalsazrisiT, seismuri zemoqmedeba da<br />

gamZleoba ganisazRvreba saTanado standartebis da normativebis Sesabamisad.<br />

saqarTvelos seismurobis ruqa warmodgenilia suraTze 3.1.<br />

19<br />

25.5<br />

25.5<br />

34.7<br />

55<br />

55<br />

55<br />

29.1<br />

24.2<br />

24.4<br />

24.6<br />

25.2<br />

25.6


3.4. klimatologia<br />

suraTi 3.1. saqarTvelos seismurobis ruqa<br />

mdinare mtkvris auzis klimatze ZiriTadad gavlenas axdenen Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />

1. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoria mdebareobs<br />

kavkasiis mTavari zeganis CrdiloeTiT, igi teritorias icavs haeris civi<br />

masebis pirdapiri SemoWrisagan evraziis CrdiloeTidan da civi da mkvrivi<br />

sahaero masebis SemoWrisagan CrdiloeTidan;<br />

2. haeris civi masebi, romlebic Semoedinebian kavkasiaSi mTis zeganebidan<br />

dasavleTidan an aRmosavleTidan;<br />

20


3. miuxedavad imisa, rom raioni mdebareobs or Tbil zRvas Soris – Savi da<br />

kaspiis zRvebi, subtropikuli ganedis zonaSi, subtropikuli zona mocemul<br />

teritoriaze zegavlenas ar axdens;<br />

sazogadod, <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznuli teritoria Sedgeba<br />

mTaTaSoris mdebare dablobebisa da mTianeTisagan, romlebic garSemortymuli arian<br />

mTagrexilebiT, maTi simaRle Seadgens 2500-3300 m zRvis donidan, rac aRniSnul<br />

teritoriaze qmnis kontinentur klimats, romelsac axasiaTebs cxeli mSrali<br />

zafxuli da civi zamTari yovelwliuri Tovlis safariT.<br />

naleqebis wliuri raodenoba Seadgens daaxloebiT 400 mm. axalcixis meteo<br />

sadguris monacemebis Sesabamisad, naleqebis umciresi Tviuri raodenoba-13 mm-aRiniSneba<br />

oqtomberSi, xolo umaRlesi-maisSi-94.4 mm.<br />

saSualo wliuri temperatura, romelic dafiqsirebulia axalcixis<br />

meteorologiuri sadguris mier, Seadgens 9 C°-s. yvelaze dabali Tviuri temperatura<br />

aRiniSneba ianvarSi: -3.8 C°, xolo umaRlesi saSualo Tviuri temperatura aRiniSneba<br />

agvistoSi, rac Seadgens 20.5 C°-s.<br />

winaswari SefasebiT, Zlieri qaris mimarTuleba, romelic dafiqsirda axalcixeSi,<br />

aris aRmosavleTis mimarTulebis. garda amisa, Rrubliani dReebis mTliani raodenoba<br />

Seadgens 60 dRes, rogorc es dafiqsirebulia axalcixis meteorologiuri sadguris<br />

mier.<br />

3.5. flora da fauna<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze floris da faunis zogadi suraTis<br />

dasadgenad TebervalSi (2009) mtkvris auzSi ganxorcielda teritoriis savele<br />

Seswavla. adgilze gasvlisas gamokvleul iyo teritoria da garSemo mdebare wylis<br />

garemo da faunis saxeobebi, mwvane safari da mcenareebis jgufebi, amJamad arsebuli<br />

cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebi. aRniSnuli winaswari Sefasebebi eyrdnoba<br />

Sesabamis literaturul kvlevebs florasa da mcenareebze saproeqto teritoriaze.<br />

meores mxriv, florisa da faunis detaluri kvleva saboloo saxiT Camoyalibdeba da<br />

21


igi warmodgeni dgenil iqneba ESIA –s (garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis<br />

Sefaseba) angariSSi.<br />

savele Seswavlebi ganxorcielda eqspertebis mier Hacettepe-s<br />

universitetidan, ankara, TurqeTi, saxeldobr, asocirebuli prof. zafer aiasis<br />

(ekologi) da erdink durmasis (biologi) mier. teritoriis vleva ganxorcielda oTx<br />

ubanze, romelic warmoadgens <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> samSeneblo teritorias, mdinare<br />

ovbalianze, mdinare uravelze da kaSxalis adgilas. garda amisa, dakvirveba da<br />

SerCeviTi kvleva daiwyo mtkvris SenaerTidan mTeli mdinaris gaswvriv. qvemoT<br />

moyvanili informacia moicavs Sedegebs, romlebSic moyvanilia zogadi informacia<br />

floris Sesaxeb <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis garemoSi.<br />

flora<br />

Sesaswavli teritoria mdebareobs Savi zRvis aRmosavleT regionSi da evropa-<br />

cimbiris hotogeografiul teritoriaze, romelic moicavs daaxloebiT 20 km sigrZis<br />

vels, romelic mdebareobs sofeli sakuneTidan rusTavamde. mtkvris mdelos cicabo<br />

topografia kaSxalTan warmodgenilia stepis tipiuri mcenareuli safariT da gavlenas<br />

axdens <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi mcenareuli safaris warmoqmnasa da gavrcelebaze.<br />

Tavdapirvelad teritoriaze arsebuli tyis masivi gakafuli iqna aq macxovrebeli<br />

mosaxleobis mier kartofilis kultivaciis mizniT, romelic regionis Semosavalis<br />

miRebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens. tyis bunebrivi masivebi, romelic ar aris<br />

anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis qveS, SeiZleba Segvxvdes mxolod cicabo ferdobebze da<br />

xramebSi, romelTa teritoriebic ver iqneba gamoyenebuli Txilis kultivaciisaTvis.<br />

dReisaTvis moZiebulia mcenareTa 87 saxeobis nimuSi. mopovebuli monacemebis<br />

Sefaseba moxdeba Seswavlis dros, romlis drosac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba<br />

saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone saxeobebs da maTi ganvrcobis areals. yvela<br />

identificirebuli saxeoba Sefasebuli iqneba maT winaSe mdgomi safrTxis<br />

TvalsazrisiT da maTi SenarCunebis statusis Sesabamisad literaturul wyaroebze<br />

dayrdnobiT. TviTeuli saxeoba Sefasebul iqneba ojaxis, genis da flris arsebuli<br />

CamonaTvalis Sesabamisad. saxeobebi warmodgenili iqneba fito-geografiuli regionebis,<br />

endemurobis, gavrcelebis da nacionalur/globaluri safrTxis/SenarCunebis statusis,<br />

adgilis, gavrcelebis simaRleebis mixedviT.<br />

22


IUCN Red List-is (wiTeli wigni) gamocemis mizans Seadgens mosaxleobis mier<br />

yuradRebis gamaxvileba im saxeobebze, romlebic gadaSenebis riskis QqveS imyofebian.<br />

fauna<br />

xmeleTis fauna: adgilze vizitis dros, romelic ganxorcieldeba 2009 wlis<br />

TebervalSi, aRebul iqna nimuSebi, romlis Sedegad miRebul iqna mniSvnelovani<br />

monacemebi <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavrcelebis arealze. gareuli cxovelebis sainventarizacio<br />

CamonaTvalis Sesadgenad gamoyenebul iqna sami meTodi, romlebic Semdegia (Giles,<br />

1978):<br />

1. wignebi, Jurnalebi, Canawerebi da msgavsi monacemebi<br />

2. mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli interviuebi da kvlevebi<br />

3. uSualo dakvirvebebi an teritoriis kvleva<br />

amasTan erTad, monacemebi faunis Sesaxeb (ZuZumwovrebi, frinvelebi, reptiliebi<br />

da amfibiebi) mopovebul da Sefasebul iqneba biotopis Sesabamisad, biogenetikuri<br />

Senaxvis raionebis, endemuri saxeobebis, saxeobebis mixedviT romlebic ganadgurebis<br />

safrTxis qveS imyofebian, gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis arealebis Sesabamisad.<br />

faunis dacvis statusi miniWebul iqneba bernis konvenciis da IUCN -is Sesabamisad.<br />

wylis fauna: wylis sxvadasxva binadarTa garda, romlebic moipoveba mdinaris<br />

mTel gayolebaze, wylis binadarTa gavrcelebis arealSi dominirebs kulturuli<br />

ubnebi. rig adgilebSi SemaRlebebze bunebrivi mcenareuli safari gamdidrebulia<br />

bunebrivi da kulturuli mcenareebiT. sabaziso topografia SeiniSneba samxreT<br />

nawilSi mdinare <strong>mtkvaris</strong> qvemo dinebaSi. aRniSnuli situaciis Seqmna ganpirobebulia<br />

qviSis karierebis arsebobiT.<br />

teritoriaze Tevzebis faunis struqturis gansazRvrisaTvis Catarda savele<br />

kvlevebi 16.02.2009 w. proqtis gavrcelebis arealSi da mis mimdebare teritoriebze.<br />

Seswavlis dros mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli gavrcelebis arealis cvlilebebi,<br />

nakadebis siRrmis forma, fluvialuri mcenareebi, dinebis siCqare, mdinaris Senakadebi<br />

da hidroeleqtosadguris monakveTi. savele Seswavlis dros da literaturis<br />

23


Seswavlisas SemCneul iqna, rom qaSayis ojaxisebri (Cyprinidae) Tevzebi dominirebdnen<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze.<br />

saproeqto teritoriaze gavrcelebulia qaSayi da maTi reproduqciis da<br />

qviriTis dayris drp moicavs maisi-ivlisis periods. aRniSnuli periodebis dros<br />

mdinaris done maRalia da Tevzebi imyofebian wylis qveda nakadebsa da meCxer<br />

adgilebSi; qaSayis saxeobebisaTvis yvela mopovebuli Sedegis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

sasurvelia, rom wylis optimaluri siRrme Seadgendes 10-50 sm, dinebis siCqare 20-50<br />

sm/wm (kouqsi da velqomi 1998). rogorc Cans, msgavsi adgilebi mravladaa <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

gavlenis arealSi, da mis gareT. amis Sesabamisad, saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi<br />

SenarCunebul iqneba teritoriebi reproduqciisa da qviriTis dayrisaTvis. garda amisa,<br />

Tevzebis migraciisaTvis reproduqciis periodis ganmavlobaSi gakeTdeba saTanado<br />

gasasvleli TevzebisaTvis. Tevzebis gasasvlelis tipis da maxasiaTeblebis Sefaseba<br />

moxdeba mSeneblobis fazis garkveul monakveTSi. garda amisa, Sesabamisi mowyobilobis<br />

meSveobiT Tavidan iqneba acilebuli Tevzebis gaRweva sastabilizacio auzebis gareT.<br />

3.6. sahaero garemo<br />

axalcixeSi 1994 wlis monitoringis dros ganxorcielda monitoringi or<br />

ingredientze, mtverze da mxuTav airze. radganac axalcixeSi mrewveloba ar aris<br />

ganviTarebuli, samrewvelo gamonbolqvi ar axdens Tavis gavlenas garemoze. meores<br />

mxriv, qalaqis atmosferul dabinZurebaze gavlenas axdens nawilakebis didi<br />

koncentracia. saSualo wliuri koncentracia aWarbebs dasaSveb koncertracias 4.7<br />

jer, xolo maqsimum koncentracias 2.8-jer. rogorc suraTi 3.2-dan Cans, nawilakebis<br />

koncentraciebis donem moimata ukanaskneli 10 wlis manZilze, xolo azotis<br />

dioqsidis done Semcirda.<br />

24


3.7. wylis xarisxi<br />

suraTi 3.2. sahaero garemos xarisxi axalcixeSi<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze axalcixis raionSi. axalcixis<br />

raionSi ar aris ganlagebuli romelime didi samrewvelo qarxana. amis gamo,<br />

mosalodneli ar aris wylis dabinZureba samrewvelo narCenebiT. meores mxriv, mtkvris<br />

samxreTiT, mdinare uravelTan mdebareobs marmarilos sabado, romelsac Tavisi<br />

siaxlovis gamo SeuZlia zegavlena moaxdinos wylis ekologiaze.<br />

garda amisa, <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavrcelebis teritoriaze warmoebs soflis meurneobis<br />

samuSaoebi. imis gamo, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovan sasoflo meurneobis produqtad<br />

iTvleba kartofili, ar xdeba mdinaris wylis gamoyeneba sarwyavad.<br />

wylis xarisxis Sefasebis mizniT mdinare mtkvarze, adgilze Catarda gazomvebi<br />

hidroeleqtrosadguria Senobis mimdebare teritoriaze da ZiriTadi nagebobebis<br />

adgilas, garda amisa aRebul iqna sinjebi mdinaris gaswvriv. Sedegebi mocemulia<br />

cxrilSi 3.3.<br />

25


mdebareoba<br />

hidroeleqtrosad<br />

guris teritoria<br />

focxoviswyali<br />

SerTvis adgili<br />

uravelis SerTvis<br />

adgili<br />

kaSxalis<br />

teritoria<br />

(regulatori)<br />

cxrili 3.3. adgilze wylis xarisxis Semowmebis Sedegebi<br />

simaRle<br />

(m)<br />

pH<br />

marilian<br />

oba<br />

(ppt)<br />

eleqtorgamt<br />

aroba<br />

DO<br />

(mg/L)<br />

TDS<br />

(ppm)<br />

temperatua<br />

o C (F)<br />

913 8,85 5,95 12,20 10,5 580 11 (51,8)<br />

953 8,4 6,7 12,10 8,5 670 10,8 (51,4)<br />

955 8,6 6,6 13,80 8,6 675 12,3 (54,1)<br />

1002 8,5 6,8 12,10 7,2 690 9,3 (48,7)<br />

garda mocemuli gazomvebisa, Catardeba damatebiTi gazomvebi meore savele<br />

vizitis dros da mdinare mtkvris wylis xarisxis Sedegebi detalurad iqneba<br />

warmodgenili ESIA –is sabloo angariSSi.<br />

3.8. Termuli da geoTermuli wylis xarisxi<br />

axalcixeSi arteziuli mineraluri wylebi gamoiyeneba naxirmJava gazis<br />

samrewvelo kvlevisa da balneologiisaTvis. garda amisa, axalcixeSi aris samkurnalo<br />

gamoyenebis mineralebi da misi maragebi.<br />

3.9. niadagis Tvisebebi, miwaTsargebloba da sakuTrebis statusi<br />

mocemul danayofSi motanilia monacemebi miwis Tvisebebi, miwis gamoyenebaze<br />

(metyeveoba, sasoflo gamoyeneba, a.S.) da saproeqto teritoriis miwis kuTvnilebis<br />

statusis Sesaxeb.<br />

26


3.9.1. niadagis maxasiaTeblebi<br />

axalcixis da aspinZis teritoriebi monacemebis mixedviT Seadgenen 1010 da 825<br />

kv.km Sesabamisad. rogorc suraTi 3.3. da suraTi 3.4-dan Cans, axalcixis da aspinZis<br />

umetesi nawili dafarulia tyiT.<br />

aqvea mocemuli cifrobrivi monacemebi produqtiulobis Sesaxeb. axalcixeSi<br />

miwis umetesoba zomieri produqtiulobisaa. Tumca, niadagebi kargi da saukeTeso<br />

produqtiulobiT, ZiriTadad mdinare mtkvris CrdiloeT nawilSi mdebareoben. is<br />

niadagebi, romlebic hidroeleqtrosadgris samSeneblo teritoriazea, ZiriTadad<br />

zomieri produqtiulobis zonas ganekuTvnebian/<br />

meores mxmriv, Crdilo aspinZa ZiriTadad dafarulia tyeebiT da noyieri<br />

niadagi Zlier mcire raodenobiTaa. sofel rusTavSi, romelTanac 3 km-Si ganlagdeba<br />

ZiriTadi nagebobebi, niadagis Cveulebrivi tipi warmoadgens saSualo produqtiulobis<br />

mqone niadags.<br />

27


HPP Building<br />

suraTi 3.3. miwaTsargeblobis maxasiaTeblebi axalcixeSi (<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mSeneblobis adgili)<br />

28


Headworks<br />

suraTi 3.4. miwaTsargeblobis maxasiaTeblebi aspinZaSi (ZiriTadi nagebobebi)<br />

29


3.9.2. miwaTsargebloba<br />

sasoflo sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi<br />

rogrc ukve aRiniSna, mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba mdebareobs 1 km-is<br />

manZilze sofeli sakuneTidan aspinZis raionSi, xolo ZiriTadi nagebobebi-3 km-is<br />

manZilze sofeli rusTavidan axalcixis raionSi. ZiriTadi nagebobebis da<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senobis mdebaroeba naCvenebia suraTebze 3.3. da 3.4.<br />

axlacixeSi gavrcelebulia yavisferi niadagebi. Tumca axalcixis irgvliv,<br />

yavisferi tyis da mTiani-tyis torfiani miwebi dominireben. meores mxriv, mTis Savmiwa<br />

niadagebi gavrcelebulia rusTavSi da yavisferi tyis miwa ZiriTadad aris sakuneTSi.<br />

sakuneTSi Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba da<br />

mesaqonleoba. ZiriTadi kultura aris kartofili. miwis ZiriTadi tipi sakuneTSi aris<br />

zomieridan kargi produqtiulobis niadagSi gardamavali, rac xelsayrelia sasoflo<br />

savargulebisaTvis da mebaReobisaTvis.<br />

soflis meurneoba da mesaqonleoba Zlier mniSvnelovani Semosavlis<br />

wyaroa sofel rusTavSi. kartofilis Semdeg, ZiriTad kulturas warmoadgens,<br />

modis pomidori. rusTavSi Semosavlis mniSvnelovani wyaroa agreTve mecxvareoba<br />

da meZroxeoba (ixileT suraTi 3.5).<br />

suraTi 3.5. mesaqonleoba rusTavSi<br />

30


metyeveoba<br />

tyis farTobebs ukaviaT 3005.3 aTasi heqtari, maSin, rodesac sufTa metyeveobas<br />

ukavia 2772.4 heqtari, igi Seadgens qveynis teritoriis 40%-s. merqnis mTliani<br />

resursi saqarTvelos mTebSi Sefasebulia rogorc 451.7 milioni kuburi metri (rac<br />

msoflio resursebis 0.13%-s Seadgens). tyis saSualo simWidrove saqarTveloSi<br />

Seadgens 163 kv.metrs. saqarTvelos tyiani teritoriis 97% (2915.8 heqtari)<br />

mdebareobs mTis ferdobebze, danarCeni 3% mdebareobs kolxidis dablobsa da<br />

dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebze. xeebis saxeobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 3.2.<br />

cxrili 3.2. saqarTvelos tyianeTSi gavrcelebuli xeebis tipebi<br />

xeebis tipebi farTobi (x10 3 ) (ha)<br />

bza<br />

soWi<br />

fiWvi<br />

muxa<br />

Txmela<br />

wabli<br />

rcxila<br />

1060<br />

161.5<br />

91<br />

241<br />

125.1<br />

72.8<br />

220.6<br />

axalcixeSi da aspinZaSi tyis farTobebi warmodgenilia suraTebze 3.3. da 3.4.<br />

rogorc aRniSnuli monacemebidan Cans, rogorc ZiriTadi nagebobebi, aseve<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> teritoriebi ar miekuTvnebian tyian regionebs.<br />

dasaxlebuli teritoriebi<br />

proeqtTan mdebare yvelaze axlo dasaxleba aris axalcixis raioni. ZiriTadi<br />

nagebobebi mdebareoben 3 km-Si sofel rusTavidan, xolo <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong><br />

Senoba ki ganlagebulia 1 km-is manZilze sofel sakuneTidan. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganlagebis<br />

teritoria saxelmwifos sakuTrebaa, garda 8 heqtarisa, romelic kerZo sakuTrebaSia.<br />

31


3.9.3. sakuTrebis statusi<br />

saproeqto teritoria ekuTvnis saxelmwifos, garda 8 heqtarisa, romelic<br />

kerZo sakuTrebaSia. saproeqto teritoriis detalebi da miwis gamoyenebis<br />

maxasiaTeblebi warmodgenili iqneba ESIA-is saboloo angariSSi.<br />

3.10. landSafti<br />

saproeqto teritoria mdebareobs daaxloebiT 1000-1100 m simaRleze. saproeqto<br />

teritoria dafarulia brtyeli mdeloebiT, romlebic mdebareoben cicabo<br />

ferdobebs Soris mimyvani gvirabis gaswvriv. kaSxali aSendeba 980 metris<br />

simaRleze zRvis donidan.<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s teritoria mdebareobs mtkvris auzSi, romelSidac mosaxleobis<br />

Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba da mecxvareoba da<br />

mesaqonleoba. soflis meurneobis ZiriTadi produqti kartofilia, <strong>proeqti</strong>saTvis<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli teritoria amJamad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli<br />

miznebisaTvis.<br />

3.11. arqiteqtura da kulturuli memkvidreoba<br />

ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi warmodgenili iqneba detaluri monacemebi<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb. Tumca adgilze Catarebuli kvlevebis da<br />

dakvirvebebis Sedegad, agreTve literaturul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT,<br />

hidroeleqtro sadguris (sakuneTi) da ZiriTadi nagebobebis (rusTavi)<br />

teritoriebze ar aris raime mniSvnelovani kulturuli an istoriuli faseulobis<br />

Zegli (ixileT suraTi 3.6).<br />

32


suraTi 3.6. xedi sofel sakuneTidan<br />

3.12. <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis mgrZnobiaroba<br />

aRniSnul teritoriaze, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros<br />

mier dacvis qveS aris ayvanili eqvsi teritoria. Tumca arcerTi maTgani ar aris<br />

saproeqto teritoriis siaxloves.<br />

proeqtTan yvelaze axlos mdebare daculi teritoria aris borjomi-<br />

xaragaulis erovnuli parki, romelic moxvedrilia pirveli erovnuli parkebis<br />

CamonaTvalSi kavkasiaSi; informacia momzadebulia daculi teritoriebis saagentos<br />

mier. parkis teritoria Seadgens 61,235 heqtars, igi mdebareobs Toris, imereTis da<br />

samcxis teritoriaze. Tumca parki saproeqto teritoriidan daSorebulia 7.5. km-iT,<br />

rac mianiSnebs imaze, rom <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcieleba ar moaxdens mniSvnelovan<br />

ekologiur gavlenas borjomi-xaragaulis erovnul parkze.<br />

33


kidev erTi daculi teritoria, romelic proeqtTan axlos mdebareobs, aris<br />

borjomis erovnuli nakrZali. aRniSnuli teritoria moqceulia borjomi-xaragaulis<br />

erovnuli parkis farglebSi. amitom, manZili saproeqto teritoriasa da erovnul<br />

nakrZals Soris sakmaod didia imisaTvis, rom erovnuli nakrZali daculi iyos<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s zemoqmedebisagan.<br />

garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis daculi teritoriebis saagentos<br />

monacemebis mixedviT, daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 495 892<br />

heqtars, rac amJamad qveynis teritoriis 7%-s Seadgens. daculi teritoriis<br />

daaxloebiT 75% dafarulia tyiT. saqarTveloSi aris 14 bunebrivi nakrZali, 8<br />

erovnuli parki, 12 marTvis qveS myofi bunebrivi nakrZali, 14 bunebrivi Zegli da<br />

2 daculi teritoria. daculi teritoriebis upirvelesi amocanaa qveynis<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva qveyanaSi.<br />

mas Semdeg rac Sedgeba Sexvedra saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvis da<br />

sportis saministroSi, ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi moyvanil iqneba saboloo<br />

monacemebi kulturuli faseulobebis da memkvidreobis Sesaxeb.<br />

34


Tavi 4. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli mniSvnelovani<br />

ekologiuri da socialuri zegavlena da misi Semarbilebeli<br />

RonisZiebebi<br />

4.1. SeTavazebuli <strong>proeqti</strong>s potenciuri zemoqmedebis gansazRvra<br />

garemoze zegavlenis da socialuri zemoqmedebis analizi emyareba <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

saqmianobas da sawyis pirobebs da igi Sedgeba sami sxvadasxva ekologiuri<br />

komponentisagan (msgavsia sawyisi monacemebis nawilisa); fizikuri, biologiuri da<br />

socio-ekonomikuri garemo. ganxilul iqneba <strong>proeqti</strong>s rogorc uaryofiTi, aseve<br />

dadebiTi Sedegebi. sazogadod, <strong>proeqti</strong>s fazebTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedebis analizi<br />

warmoebs or komponentad, zemoqmedeba mSeneblobis periodSi da eqspluataciis<br />

periodSi.<br />

zemoqmedebis analizi xdeba eqspertebis daskvnis safuZvelze da zogierT<br />

SemTxvevaSi prognozuli modelis Seqmnis, geografiuli sainformaci sistemis (gis),<br />

a.S. zemoqmedebis Sesafaseblad Sefasebis ZiriTad instrumentebad gamoiyeneba masTan<br />

dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, saerTaSoriso standartebi da miTiTebebi,<br />

profesiuli codna, miRebuli msgavsi proeqtebis ganxorcielebis safuZvelze<br />

mosalodnel zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT da disciplinaTaSoriso saeqsperto<br />

jgufebis gamocdileba.<br />

saproeqto teritoriis garemos pirobebis da maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom orive, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi zegavlena asaxvas<br />

hpovebs socio-ekonomikur garemoze <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

saqmianobis periodSi. zemoqmedebis zogi saxe iqneba droebiTi xasiaTis da zogi-mudmivi<br />

xasiaTis. garda amisa, zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri da arapirdapiri.<br />

mtkvris hidroeleqtro sadguris mSeneblobis periodSi ganxorcieldeba Semdegi<br />

saxis saqmianoba:<br />

• kaSxalis ageba mdinare mtkvarze, gvirabis portali, wylis gadasaSvebi,<br />

mimyvani gvirabi, pompaJi, sadawneo gvirabi, zedapiris tipis<br />

eleqtrosadguris Senoba, gamomyvani gvirabi;<br />

• misayvani gzis da xidis mSenebloba mdinareze, gamomyvani gvirabis maRla;<br />

• Ria manawilebeli mowyobilobis da 8 km-iani gadamcemi xazis mSenebloba;,<br />

• <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mSenebloba<br />

35


dasaxelebuli saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli SesaZlo zemoqmedebebis<br />

CamonaTvali da is garemo, romelmac SeiZleba ganicados aRniSnuli zemoqmedeba<br />

mocemulia qvemoT:<br />

potenciuri zemoqmedeba mimRebi garemo<br />

haeris dabinZureba<br />

Txevadi narCenebi<br />

myari narCenebi<br />

mavne narCenebi<br />

xmauri<br />

cvlileba miwaTsargeblobaSi<br />

landSaftis cvlileba<br />

socio-ekonomikuri zegavlena<br />

zedapiruli wylebi<br />

gruntis wylebi<br />

haeri<br />

miwis da niadagis gamoyeneba<br />

flora da fauna<br />

adgilobrivi landSafti<br />

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba<br />

socio-ekonomikuri garemo<br />

(adgilobrivi da regionaluri<br />

masStabiT)<br />

kulturuli memkvidreoba<br />

4.2. zegavlena miwaTsargeblobaSi saproeqto teritoriaze<br />

sa<strong>proeqti</strong> teritoriis mgrZnobeloba gansazRvravs resursebis saWiroebas da<br />

garemoze zemoqmedebis SerbilebisaTvis aucilebel moqmedebebs. rogorc ukve naxsenebi<br />

iyo Tavi III-Si, mniSvnelovan sawyis wertils warmoadgens is, rom teritoria ar<br />

miekuTnebodes ekologiurad mgrZnobiare teritorias, romelic ekoligiurad an<br />

kulturuli TvalsazrisiT iqneba daculi teritoria <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />

farglebSi an mis siaxloves.<br />

ufro meti sizustisaTvis, Catarda Sesabamisi Seswavla im mizniT, raTa ufro<br />

sistematurad gansazRvruliyo socio-ekonomikuri zegavlenebi da momxdariyo<br />

aRniSnuli zemoqmedebis kvalificireba/raodenobrivi aRricxva. garemoze zemoqmedebis<br />

da socialuri zegavlenis Sefasebis saboloo angariSis Semdeg matricebSi (cxrili<br />

IV.1 da IV.2) CamoTvlili yvela sakiTxi detalurad iqneba ganmartebuli da yvela<br />

Semarbilebeli RonisZieba naTlad iqneba identificirebuli.<br />

36


cxrili 4.1. matricis gansazRvra – mSeneblobis faza<br />

potenciuri zemoqmedeba zedapir<br />

uli<br />

wyali<br />

gamonabolqvi haerSi<br />

− gamonabolqvi moZravi<br />

transportidan ,<br />

mowyobilobidan<br />

− samSeneblo<br />

saqmianobidan<br />

gaCenili mtveri<br />

Txevadi narCenebi da<br />

zegavlena wylis<br />

resursebze:<br />

− cvlileba<br />

zedapirul dinebaSi<br />

da wylis reJimSi<br />

− sayofacxovrebo<br />

Camdinare wylebi<br />

myari narCenebi<br />

− samSeneblo da<br />

gaTxriTi samuSaoebis<br />

narCenebi<br />

− mowyobilobisa da<br />

samSeneblo manqnadanadgarebis<br />

muSaoebis Sedegad<br />

miRebuli narCenebi<br />

(gamomuSavebuli<br />

zeTi, saRebavi,<br />

SesafuTi masala,<br />

a.S.)<br />

Acvlileba miwis<br />

gamoyenebaSi<br />

socio-ekonomikuri<br />

gruntis<br />

wyali<br />

haeri<br />

nadagi<br />

dam<br />

iwis<br />

gamoyene<br />

ba<br />

sakiTxebi<br />

flora<br />

da<br />

fauna<br />

(X) X (X) (X)<br />

X X<br />

mtveri,<br />

xmauri,<br />

transpo<br />

rti<br />

landSa<br />

fti<br />

(X)<br />

X (X) (X) (X) (X)<br />

(X) (X)<br />

(X) X X (X)<br />

socioekonomiu<br />

ri<br />

(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)<br />

(X)<br />

kulturu<br />

li<br />

memkvidre<br />

oba<br />

(X) (X) X X X X X<br />

− miwis amoReba X X X X<br />

− samuSao adgilebis<br />

SesaZleblobebi<br />

X<br />

− xmauri/mtveri X X X X (X)<br />

− vizualuril X<br />

− transporti X X<br />

sakvanZo: potenciuri zemoqmedeba – X;<br />

( ) = arapirdapiri SesaZlo zemoqmedebat<br />

37


cxrili 4.2. – matrices gansazRvra – eqspluataciis faza<br />

potenciuri zemoqmedeba<br />

Txevadi narCenebi da<br />

zegavlena wylis<br />

resursebze:<br />

− cvlileba zedapirul<br />

dinebaSi da wylis<br />

reJimSi<br />

− gamotutva zeTidan,<br />

sawvavidan, a.S.<br />

− sayofacxovrebo<br />

Camdinare wyali<br />

myari narCenebi<br />

zedapir<br />

uli<br />

wyali<br />

gruntis<br />

wyali<br />

haeri<br />

nadagi<br />

dam iwis<br />

gamoyeneba<br />

sakiTxebi<br />

flor<br />

a da<br />

fauna<br />

mtveri,<br />

xmauri,<br />

transpor<br />

ti<br />

landS<br />

afti<br />

socioekonomiu<br />

ri<br />

kultur<br />

uli<br />

memkvidr<br />

eoba<br />

X X X X (X) (X)<br />

(X) (X) (X)<br />

(X) (X)<br />

− sayofacxovrebo myari<br />

narCenebi<br />

(X) (X) (X)<br />

− samedicino narCenebi (X) (X)<br />

socio-ekonomikuri<br />

− samuSao adgilis<br />

SesaZleblobebi<br />

− vizualuril X X<br />

− transportic (X) (X)<br />

sakvanZo: potenciuri zemoqmedeba – X;<br />

( ) = arapirdapiri/nakleb savaraudo zemoqmedeba<br />

4.3. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyeneba<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze da hidroeleqtrosadguri gamoiyenebs<br />

mdinare mtkvris wyals. dinebis qvemoT arsebuli gavrcelebis arealis mdgradobis<br />

SesanarCuneblad, gamoTvlili iqneba wylis saWiro raodenoba da es raodenoba ukan<br />

iqneba CaSvebuli mdinareSi dinebis mimarTulebiT.<br />

wyali saWiro iqneba mtvris dasaTrguni samuSaoebisaTvis da personalis<br />

saWiroebebisaTvis <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebze. garda amisa, wyali<br />

saWiro iqneba cementis dasafasoebeli qarxnisaTvis. saWiro wylis mowodeba moxdeba<br />

mdinare mtkvridan. sasmeli wyali uzrunvelyofil iqneba garSemo mdebare soflebis<br />

38<br />

(X)


miwisqveSa wylis resursebidan, an moxdeba wylis Sesyidva da misi mitana samSeneblo<br />

moedanze<br />

SeuRwevadi masalis mopoveba, romelic saWiroa kaSxalis korpusis<br />

izolaciisaTvis da riyis qva kaSxalis asagebad, mowodebul iqneba axlomdebare<br />

karieridan/sabadodan. aRniSnuli qvis da Tixis karierebi mdebareobs mdianris dinebis<br />

maRla da dabla dinebis mimarTulebiT, 20 km-is farglebSi samSeneblo moednidan.<br />

4.4. narCenebi<br />

savaraudod <strong>mtkvaris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis Sedegad SeiZleba wamoiqmnas Semdegi<br />

saxis dabinZureba, Tuki ar iqna ganoxrcielebuli Semdegi Semarbilebeli<br />

RonisZiebebi:<br />

sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebi;<br />

Warbi masalebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba gaTxriTi/Sevsebis saqmianobidan;<br />

samSeneblo saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnili mtveri da gamonabolqvi<br />

samSeneblo transportisa da mowyobilobisagan;<br />

SemTxveviTi daRvra, gaJonva;<br />

xmauri.<br />

sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebi<br />

mosalodnelia, rom dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebaze samSeneblo da<br />

saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi imuSavebs personalis arcTu ise didi raodenoba;<br />

wamoqmnili sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebis raodenoba iqneba saSualo<br />

aqtivobis farglebSi. myari da Txevadi narCenebis raodenoba daangariSdeba maTi<br />

Senaxva da ganadgureba moxdeba saqarTvelos da saerTaSoriso Sesabamisi<br />

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.<br />

masalebis siWarbe gaTxris da Sevsebis saqmianobidan<br />

SesaZlebelia, rom masalebis Warbi raodenoba warmoiqmneba gaTxriTi samuSaoebis<br />

Sedegad samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas. pirveli varianti msgavsi narCenebis<br />

Tavidan mosacileblad iqneba maTi gamoyeneba SevsebiTi samuSaoebisaTvis da<br />

39


landSafturi samuSaoebisaTvis. darCenili masalebis Senaxva moxdeba Sesabamisi da<br />

isini ganadgurdeba saTanado normebis dacviT. sastikac akrZalulia Warbi masalebis<br />

dayra <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis adgilas an miwidzeda wylis zedapiebTan axlos.<br />

daRvra, gaJonva, a.S.<br />

saremonto saqmianoba, rogoric aris zeTis/filtris gamocvla, manqanebis,<br />

mowyobilobis SekeTeba, Sesruldeba teritoriis Sesabamis adgilebSi.<br />

gamomuSavebuli zeTi, romelic miiReba aRniSnuli saqmianobis Sedegad, Segrovdeba<br />

daxurul kasrebSi da gadaigzavneba gamoyenebuli zeTis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoSi.<br />

sxva narCenebi, rogoricaa zeTis carieli kanistrebi, gamoyenebuli tansacmeli,<br />

Zveli filtrebi gadaigzavneba licenzirebul miwayrilebis adgilebSi. sastikad<br />

aikrZaleba gamomuSavebuli zeTis Sereva zedapirul da miwisqveSa wyalTan.<br />

40


4.5. zegavlena haeris garemoze<br />

mtvris da gazis minarevebi<br />

haerSi minarevebis arsebobis zegavlena ekologiaze da adamianis janmrTelobaze<br />

ganisazRvreba haeris xarisxis standartiT, romelic gansazRvrul iqneba haeris<br />

xarisxis standartis modelirebis meTodebiT (USEPA) kritikul adgilebSi,<br />

rogoricaa dasaxlebebi, soflis meurneobis teritoriebi, a.S. aucilebeli<br />

Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi gatardeba mas Semdeg, rac gakeTdeba prognozebi<br />

zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb<br />

dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi ar moxdeba mtvris warmoqmnis<br />

wyaroebis Seqmna. Tumca, samSeneblo saqmianobis warmoebis periodSi mtvris<br />

nawilakebis gamoyofa da haeris damabinZurebeli minarevebi (ZiriTadad manqanis<br />

gamonabolqvebi) iqneba seriozuli dafiqrebis sagani. mtvris warmoqmna agreTve<br />

moxdeba satvirTo avtomanqanebis, samSeneblo mowyobilobis, a.S. moZraobis Sedegad.<br />

garda amisa, amoTxrili masalis transportireba da droebiTi Senaxva iqneba kidev<br />

erTi wyaro mtvris warmoqmnis.<br />

SeTavazebuli Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebi SeiZleba moicavdes gamwovi sistemis<br />

controls, mtvris damTrgunavi meTodebis gamoyenebas da eroziis Tavidan acilebis<br />

teqnikas. daangariSebul iqneba mtvris/gazis gamonabolqvi, SeTavazebul iqneba<br />

Sesabamisi Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebebi da gansazRvruli iqneba narCeni zemoqmedeba.<br />

moxdeba Sedegebis Sedareba erovnul da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobasTan da<br />

yvelafer amaze moxdeba axsna-ganmartebis warmodgena ESIA –is saboloo angariSSi.<br />

sasaTbure gazebis gamoyofa<br />

naxSirorJangi (CO2) da meTani (CH4) dakavSirebuli arian globalur daTbobasTan<br />

da amrigad isini aRiniSneba rogorc sasaTbure gazebi. miuxedavad eleqtroenergiis<br />

generaciisa myari saTbobis gareSe, rezervuaridan mkvebavi hidroeleqtro sadgurebi<br />

SeiZleba gaxdnen sasaTbure gazis gamoyofis mniSvnelovani wyaro. meores mxriv<br />

41


aRniSnuli zemoqmedeba ar aris mniSvnelovani <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis samSeneblo<br />

periodSi. ufro metic, saTburis gazebis gamoSveba rezervuaridan warmoebs wyliT<br />

datborili mcenareebis lpobis Sedegad; niadagi da organuli danaleqebi, romelTa<br />

formireba warmoebs wylis biomasebis gavlenis qveS da nawilakovani an wyalSi<br />

gaxsnili qvanaxSiris organuli nivTierebebis Cadinebis gamo Semkrebi auzidan. imasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, rom mtkvris dagegmil proeqts eqneba Zlier mcire sasaTbure gazebis<br />

gamoyofa rezervuaridan, amitom es sakiTxi ar iqneba msjelobis sagani.<br />

42


4.6.zegavlena wylisa da niadagis xarisxze<br />

mtkvris dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis periodSi,<br />

sayofacxovrebo myari narCenebis da Camdinare wylis arseboba gamomidinareobs samuSao<br />

personalis arsebobidan. myari narCenebis raodenoba da Camdinare wylis moculobebis<br />

gansazRvra moxdeba personalis raodenobis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT da igi Setanil<br />

iqneba ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi.<br />

moxdeba niadagis Tvisebebis da miwis kuTvnilebis Sefaseba <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis<br />

qveS myof teritoriaze da moxdeba zedapiruli/miwisqveSa wylis resursebis<br />

gansazRvra saproeqto teritoriaze da mis SemogarenSi wylis arealis binadrebTan<br />

erTad. garemoze zemoqmedebis Seswavlis farglebSi, moxdeba saproeqto saqmianobis<br />

potenciuri zegavlenis Seswavla wylis resursebze da niadagze. isini ganisazRvreba<br />

da warmodgenil iqneba ESIA –is saboloo angariSSi. SefasebaSi Setanil iqneba, magram<br />

ar Semoifargleba miwis dakargvis SemTxvevebiT, miwis nawilobrivi kompresiiT,<br />

eroziiT, niadagis da wylis resursebis dabinZurebiT, danaleqiT, romelic warmoadgens<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senobis samSeneblo saqmianobis, gadamcemi xazis mSeneblobis,<br />

misasvleli gzebis da energiis mimwodebeli gvirabi.<br />

garda zemoT CamoTvlili SesaZlo zemoqmedebisa, stratifikacia warmoadgens<br />

mniSvnelovan sakiTxs, rodesac saqme exeba hidroeleqtruli <strong>proeqti</strong>s garemoze<br />

zemoqmedebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom stratifikaciis problemebis ZiriTad mizezs<br />

warmoadgens gansxvaveba temperaturaSi da Jangbadis nakleboba, romelic Tavs iCens<br />

dagegmili <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Zalovani nawilebis did da Rrma rezervuarebSi<br />

mzis sxivebis SezRuduli SeRwevadobis gamo. aRniSnuli sakiTxi ar iqneba<br />

mniSvnelovani mtkvris hidroeleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebiT, radganac mocemul<br />

proeqtTan mimarTebiT Seiqmneba mxolod wylis patara rezervuari, imis gamo, rom<br />

mocemuli <strong>proeqti</strong> warmoadgens zedapiruli nakadis tipis hidroeleqtrosadgurs.<br />

SesaZlo Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebebi niadagis xarisxis dasacavad, moicavs<br />

niadagis zeda fenis moxsnas da mis Senaxvas, raTa nayofieri fenis gamoyeneba<br />

SesaZlebeli iyos samomavlod, landSafturi samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas. damatebiTi<br />

Semarbilebeli samuSaoebi iqneba SeTavazebuli, gamomdinare miwis da miwis produqtebis<br />

Tvisebebidan, romlebic SeiZleba daikargos (Tuki msgavsi arsebos).<br />

43


Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi wylis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba<br />

formulirebul iqnas Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: sayofacxovrebo Camdinare wylis<br />

Sesabamisi gadamuSaveba, mcenareuli safaris gasufTaveba wylis Semkreb auzSi<br />

organuli masalebis degradirebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />

4.7.xmauri<br />

samSeneblo procesis dros xmauris ZiriTad mizezs warmoadgens samSeneblo<br />

manqanebi da mowyobiloba (mag buldozerebi, eqskavatorebi da gamwevi saSualebebi).<br />

satransporto datvirTva regionSi ufro gaizrdeba mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

radganac saWiro iqneba mSeneblebis da samSeneblo masalebis transportireba. gakeTdeba<br />

gaTvlebi xmauris donesTan dakavSirebiT proeqtSi uaresi situaciebis SesaZleblobis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT. xmauris donis gasaTvlelad, gamoyenebul iqneba modeli, romelic<br />

damuSavda TEM-is mier (transportis da samSeneblo xmauris kontroli)<br />

(UNDP, 1990). uaresi scenaris SemTxvevebi moicavs imis varauds, rom yvela samSeneblo<br />

manqana imuSavebs erTdoulad, Tumca yvela manqana faqtiurad erTdroulad ar<br />

imuSavebs samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros. gaangariSebuli monacemebi<br />

Sedarebul iqneba saqarTveloSi moqmed normativebTan da saerTaSoriso standartebTan.<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac monacemebi meti iqneba vidre zRvari, Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli<br />

RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa samuSao saaTebis SezRudva, xmis barierebi, iqneba<br />

SeTavazebuli imisaTvis, rom xmauris done misaReb farglebSi iyos.<br />

saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi xmauri SeiZleba warmoiqmnas turbinebisa da<br />

Zalovani generatorebisagan. imis gamo, rom xmauris warmoqmna umniSvnelo donisaa,<br />

sakmarisi iqneba, raTa muSebi uzrunvelyofil iqnan xmaurisagan damcavi<br />

mowyobilobebiT.<br />

garda amisa, regularuli saremonto samuSaoebi unda ganxorcieldes samSeneblo<br />

da saoperacio fazebis dros imisaTvis, rom moxdes xmauris minimizeba, romelic<br />

wamoiqmneba mowyobilobisa da transportisagan. amasTan, ganuwyvetliv unda<br />

44


ganxorcieldes monitoringi <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

da maTi ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi, unda Catardes damatebiTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi<br />

4.8. zemoqmedeba florasa da faunaze<br />

ESIA-is kvlevebis periodSi, <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze naTlad<br />

iqneba gansazRvruli arsebuli Tavdapirveli pirobebi florisa da faunis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. sawyisi pirobebis gansazRvrisas literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebs<br />

daemateba savele kvlevis Sedegebi. <strong>mtkvaris</strong> proeqtTan dakavSirebuli specifiuri<br />

zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dros mxedvelobaSi iqneba miRebuli Semdegi sakiTxebi:<br />

ganadgurebis zRvarze myofi saxeobebi, romelTac aqvT saerTaSoriso<br />

mniSvneloba<br />

endemuri floris da faunis saxeobebis populaciebi<br />

saxeobebis da samonadireo cxovelebis ekonomikuri mniSvneloba<br />

Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi da konvenciebi<br />

mocemul farglebSi, ganisazRvreba zemoqmedeba biologiur resursze da gareul<br />

cxovelebze da zemoqmedeba Sefasdeba Semdegis gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />

veluri cxovelebis da maTi gavrcelebis arealis dakargva,<br />

mcenareuli safaris gauCinareba,<br />

cxovelTa gavrcelebis arealis Semcireba<br />

dabinZurebis zegavlena saxeobebze, mgrZnobelobaze, saxeobebis mgrZnobeloba<br />

saxeobebis gauCinareba<br />

alternatiuli gavrcelebis arealis arseboba<br />

wyalTan dakavSirebuli proeqtebis SemTxvevaSi, ZiriTadi zegavlena xmeleTze<br />

arsebul faunaze dakavSirebulia im floraze zemoqmedebasTan. mcenareuli safari<br />

45


kaSxalTan da mis garSemo da sxva samSeneblo ubnebze ganadgurdeba samSeneblo<br />

saqmianobis Sedegad. mcenareuli safaris gadandgureba Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens<br />

xmeleTze arebul cxovelTa samyaroze, romelic damokidebulia aRniSnul garemoze.<br />

msgavs proeqtebSi, xmeleTze arsebuli cxovelebis kveba, gamozrda, dasveneba da<br />

sacxovrebeli areali SeiZleba ganadgurdes samSeneblo saqmianobis Sedegad. Tumca<br />

imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom samSeneblo saqmianobas droebiTia, gavlena florasa da<br />

faunaze Sewydeba da winaT arsebuli veluri cxovreba aRsdgeba.<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani Semarbilebeli RonisZieba mdinaris qveda dinebaSi<br />

Sesabamisi wylis cxovrebis uzrunvelsayofad aris minimaluri dinebis raodenoba<br />

<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi. aRniSnuli raodenoba<br />

daiangariSeba da igi Setanil iqneba ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi.<br />

4.9. zegavlena socio-ekonomikur garemoze<br />

mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong> warmoadgens samSeneblo proeqts,<br />

romelic ukavSirdeba energiis generacias. Sesabamisi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso<br />

politikis gaTvaliswinebiT, yvela adamiani, romelzedac gavlenas iqoniebs <strong>proeqti</strong>,<br />

agreTve <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlena maTs sacxovrebel garemoze, unda iyos identificirebuli da<br />

Sefasebuli. samSeneblo proeqtebis potenciuri zemoqmedeba SeiZleba moicavdes<br />

sazogadoebriobis da maTi socialuri daxmarebis qselebis rRvevas; sacxovrebeli<br />

saxlebis, fermeruli meurneobis Senobebis da sxva Senobebis dakargvas (Webi,<br />

WaburRilebi, sairigacio samuSaoebi da SemoRobva), sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis, xeebis<br />

da marcvleulis; sazogadoebis resursebis xelmisawvdomobis, saZovrebis, tyis da<br />

tyiani adgilebis, qarxnebis, cxovelebis, meTevzeobis meurneobebis dakargvas.<br />

zemoTmoyvanili informaciis farglebSi, aucilebelia samSeneblo sakiTxebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli efeqtebis ganxilva da maTi Sesabamisi Serbileba sazogadoebasTan<br />

mimarTebiT, rac moicavs gazrdil datvirTvas miwaze, wyalze, bunebriv resursebze<br />

(tyeebi, tyiani adgilebi, savanebi, saZovrebi, Walebi), plantaciebze da tyis nakveTebze<br />

an sxva sazogado kuTvnilebis resursebze, sazogadoebriv infrastruqturaze da<br />

46


servisebze. sazogadoeba unda iyos informirebuli da maTTan Catardeba<br />

konsultaciebi, rogorc dagegmili samSeneblo proeqtebis procesis nawili.<br />

konsultacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs maTSi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis<br />

monawileobas, xels uwyobs urTierTobis damyarebas da sakamaTo sakiTxebis gadaWras,<br />

romlebic aucileblad warmoiSveba <strong>proeqti</strong>s mimdinareobisas da mis Semdeg.<br />

ESIA-s kvlevebis farglebSi, gansazRvruli iqneba is Semarbilebeli<br />

RonisZiebebi, romlebic amcireben dagegmili <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

negatiur gavlenas mosaxleobaze, janmrTelobaze da usafrTxoebasa da kulturul<br />

memkvidreobaze. zogadi Semarbilebeli SesaTavazebeli RonisZiebebi ukavSirdeba wylis<br />

xarisxis dacvas, gavrcelebis areals <strong>proeqti</strong>s zemoqmedebis qveS myof teritoriaze<br />

da mis SemoggarenSi, janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis riskebis Semcirebas samSeneblo<br />

da saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi regularuli treningebis Catarebis meSveobiT da<br />

a.S. im mizniT, raTa moxdes negatiuri socialuri zemoqmedebis Serbileba da moxdes<br />

potenciuri pozitiuri zemoqmedebis gamoyeneba (samuSao SesaZleblobebi, axali<br />

infrastruqturis ganviTareba, rogoricaa axali gzebis, xidebis, a.S. mSenebloba).<br />

mniSvnelovania dainteresebuli mxaris dasaqmebis gegmis garemos menejmentis gegmaSi<br />

Setana.<br />

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Tavi 5. dainteresebuli mxaris mozidvis gegma (konsultaciebi<br />

sazogadeobasTan da informaciis gacemis gegma)<br />

mtkvarze gansaxorcielebeli <strong>proeqti</strong> imgvarad iqneba struqturulad awyobili,<br />

rom igi akmayofilebdes saqarTvelos erovnul kriteriumebs da ergb-s standartebs.<br />

amitom, ESIA –s kvelvebis periodSi yuradReba mieqceva konsultaciebs<br />

sazogadoebasTan da informaciis gacemas. aRniSnuli socialur sakiTxebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli gegma iqneba ESIA –s saboloo angariSis nawili da aRniSnuli gegmis<br />

Sesabamisad garantirebul iqneba is, rom dainteresebuli mxaris interesebi Cadebul<br />

iyos <strong>proeqti</strong>s dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis etapebSi.<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebuli saxelmwifo kanonis Sesabamisad ESIA –s Sesaxeb,<br />

saqarTvelos kanoni “garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, mas Semdeg, rac ESIA –s <strong>proeqti</strong><br />

waredgineba garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, moxdeba<br />

sazogadoebis informireba da ganxorcieldeba monawileobis programa. Semdeg moxdeba<br />

ESIA –s Taobaze informaciis gavrceleba da gakeTdeba gancxadebebi regionalur da<br />

erovneul gazeTebSi. sazogadoebas aqvs 45 dRe gamocxadebis dRidan imisaTvis, rom<br />

waradginos Tavisi sapirispiro mosazrebebi ESIA –Si. 45-dan 60 dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />

gazeTSi gamocxadebis TariRidan, adgilobrivi municipaliteti, saqarTvelos garemos<br />

dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saminisatro da sxva dainteresebuli organizaciebi<br />

mowveuli iqnebian sazogadoebriobasTan Sexvedraze, sadac gakeTdeba yvela gancxadeba<br />

da gamoiTqmeba yvela rekomendacia Tu SeniSvna.<br />

garda amis Taobaze saqarTvelos mxridan moTxovnisa, sazobadoebasTan<br />

konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis moTxovna aqvs evropis rekonstruqciis da<br />

ganviTarebis banksac, radganac hidroeleqtrosadguri ekuTvnis “kategoria a”<br />

proeqtebs. savaldebuloa, rom mocemuli gegma Ria iyos ganxilvisaTvis da<br />

komentarebisaTvis yvela dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis. aRniSnuli gegmis mizans Seadgens<br />

yvela Sesabamisi dainteresebuli mxaris gansazRvra, imisaTvis, rom damuSavdes<br />

dasaqmebis strategia, romelic moicavs rogorc <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo fazas, aseve<br />

saoperacio fazas. gegmis momzadebis da misi wardgenis Semdeg, rogorc ESIA –s<br />

angariSis nawilis, masSi Seva yvela is dokumenti, romelic ukavSirdeba informaciis<br />

gacemas da rac warimarTa rogorc nawili ESIA –s kvlevisa, rogorc dainteresebuli<br />

mxareebis mier wamoWrili ZiriTadi sakiTxebis CamonaTvali garemosdacviT da<br />

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socialur sakiTxebze. garda amisa, sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebi da informaciis<br />

gacemis gegma moicavs dokumentacias imis Taobaze, Tu rogor warmoebs ZiriTadi<br />

mniSvnelovani dokumentebis ganxilva.<br />

5.1. saTanado dainteresebuli mxareebis identificireba da zegavlenis qveS<br />

myofi potenciuri jgufebi<br />

saTanado dainteresebuli mxareebi warmoadgenen <strong>proeqti</strong>s potenciuri<br />

zegavlenis qveS myof jgufebs da maTi wvlili da Sesabamisoba proeqtTan SeiZleba<br />

qvemoT iyos CamoTvlili:<br />

rusTavSi arsebuli sazogadoebrivi jgufebi (ZiriTadi nagebobebi) da sakuneTi<br />

(<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba): zegavlenis qveS myofi sazogadoebis jgufebi<br />

SeiZleba ganicdidnen ekologiur da socialur zegavlenas <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />

Sedegad misi mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis periodSi. aRniSnuli ekologiuri da<br />

socialuri zegavlenebis moicaven zegavlenas janmrTelobaze da xmaurs, mtvris<br />

gamoyofas, kultivirebuli miwebis dakargvas da gadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebul<br />

sakiTxebs, agreTve potenciur dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas, romelic SeiZleba iyos<br />

droebiTi an mudmivi, mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis periodSi.<br />

samTavrobo organoebi: samTavrobo organoebi, romlebic, rogorc mosalodnelia,<br />

dainteresebuli arian <strong>proeqti</strong>T, Semdegia: garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis<br />

saministro, energetikis saministro, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro,<br />

janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saministro, kulturis saministro,<br />

administraciuli raionis uflebamosili pirebi. samTavrobo organoebi dainteresebuli<br />

arian ara mxolod <strong>proeqti</strong>s garemosdacviTi da socialuri sakiTxebiT, agreTve<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s warmatebuli ganxorcielebiT, RirebulebiT, sargeblianobiT, sazogadoebis<br />

socialuri keTildReobiT da gavleniT energetikul mrewvelobaze da gazrdili<br />

sagadasaxado SemosavlebiT.<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s mfobeli: saaqcio sazogadoeba “kavkasiis energia da infrastruqtura”<br />

axorcielebs proeqts da aqedan gamomdinare moxdens gavlenas procedurebze <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

dagegmvis, mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis fazebis periodSi.<br />

evropis rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis banki: rogorc <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

damfinansebeli, ergb-s eqneba gavlena <strong>proeqti</strong>s dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis<br />

49


procedurul detalebze da saqmianobaze samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi.<br />

arasamTavrogo organizaciebi: adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebs mosalodnelia, rom gaaCndeT interesi <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi<br />

teritoriia bunebis dacvaze. aRniSnuli organizaciebi arian: REC kavkasia, WWF da<br />

yvela sxva Sesabamisi adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacia.<br />

axalcixis da aspinZis municipalitetebi: municipaluri organoebis interesebi<br />

moicavs zegavlena sazogadoebriv janmrTelobaze da garemoze, agreTve <strong>proeqti</strong>dan<br />

miRebuli sargeblianoba. adgilobrivi municipaluri organoebi Seagroveben<br />

yovelwlirad gadasaxads uZrav qonebaze, romelic Seadgens hidroeleqtro sadguris<br />

mTliani aqtivebis Rirebulebis 1%-s.<br />

5.2 sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegma<br />

sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegma unda moicavdes<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTvas ESIA-is saqmianobaSi da <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

ganxorcielebaSi. Tavdapirveli saqmianoba sazogadoebis CarTvisaTvis proeqtSi<br />

ganxorcielda adgilze vizitis droa 2009 wlis TebervalSi (ix suraTebi 5.1. da<br />

5.2.). adgilis kvlevebis dros, uzrunvelyofil iyo <strong>proeqti</strong>s Sesaxeb Tavdapirveli<br />

informaciis miwodeba sazogadoebisaTvis da sazogdoebis kiTxvebze Sesabamisi pasuxebis<br />

gacema. garda amisa, momzadda sainformacio furceli, romelic moicavs ZiriTad<br />

informacia <strong>proeqti</strong>s da garemos da socialuri zegavlenis sakiTxebs da daurigdaT<br />

Sesabamis dainteresebul mxareebs. furceli moicavs <strong>proeqti</strong>s mokle aRwerilobas,<br />

potenciur zemoqmedebas garemoze da socialur mdgomareobaze da winsawar informacias<br />

ESIA-is procesis Sesaxeb.<br />

50


suraTi 5.1. kiTxva pasuxi pirveli vizitis dros adgilze<br />

51


suraTi 5.2. soflis macxovreblebi sofel sayuneTSi<br />

sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegmis farglebSi<br />

damatebiT Sedgeba ori Sexvedra dainteresebul mxareebTan. pirveli maTgani (ESIA-is<br />

ganmsazRvreli Sexvedra) gaimarTeba axalcixeSi 12 ivniss 13:00 saaTze. aRniSnuli<br />

Sexvdris mizans Seadgens sazogadoebisaTvis <strong>proeqti</strong>s wardgena da ESIA-is procesis<br />

detalebis ganxilva Sesabamis dainteresebul pirebTan. potenciurad zegavlenis qveS<br />

myofi soflebis macxovrelbeli mowveuli iqnebian Sexvedraze, romelic Sedgeba<br />

raionis administraciis SenobaSi. <strong>proeqti</strong>s detalebTan dakavSirebul prezentaciasTan<br />

da ESIA-is moculobasTan erTad gaimarTeba msjeloba proeqtTan dakavSirebuli<br />

kiTxvebisaTvis pasuxis gasacemad da garemoze da socialur viTarebaze zegavlenis<br />

sakiTxebze. yvela Sesabamisi saqmianoba (Sexvedris monawileTa sia, Sexvedris fotoebi,<br />

oqmi da proeqtTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebebi) sazogadoebasTan Sexvedris dros iqneba<br />

dokumenturad dafiqsirebuli.<br />

meore Sexvedra sazogadoebis monawileobiT Sedgeba ESIA-is angariSis <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

wardgenis dros. meore Sexvedria mizans Seadgnes sazogadoebis da sxva dainteresebuli<br />

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mxaris informireba <strong>proeqti</strong>s detalebze da <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlena garemosa da socialur<br />

viTarebaze. prezentaciebi ESIA-is <strong>proeqti</strong>s daskvnebTan erTad da Sesabamisi msjeloba<br />

gaimarTeba meore Sexvedris dros. rogorc amas adgili hqonda pirveli Sevedrisas<br />

sazogadoebasTan, yvela Sesabamisi saqmianoba (rogoricaa monawileTa sia, sexvedris<br />

fotoebi, Sexvedris oqmebi da Sesabamisi dokumentebi proeqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />

gakeTebuli gancxadebebis Sesaxeb), romelic sazogadoebasTan Sexvedrisas moxda, iqneba<br />

dokumenturad dafiqsirebuli.<br />

5.3 saCivrebis miwodebis meqanizmi<br />

ESIA-is procesis mniSvnelovan meqanizms warmoadgens saCivrebis wardgenis<br />

meqanizmi radganac igi warmoadgens sazogadoebis SeniSvnebs da saCivrebs proeqtTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. rogorc aRiniSna, saboloo mizans Seadgens saCivrebis da problemebis<br />

Semcireba, romlebic proeqtTan aris dakavSirebuli, Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis<br />

ganxorcielebis saSualebiT. saCivrebis wardgenis meqanizmi iqneba sazogadod cnobili<br />

sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da saoperacio fazebis dros.<br />

rogorc praqtikuli meTodi, uflebamosili piri saCivrebis meqanizmTan<br />

dakavSirebiT aris <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli mtkvris hidroeleqtro sadguris <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />

farglebSi, warmodgenilia saaqcio sazogadoebiT “kavkasiis energia da<br />

infrastruqtura”. amitom, saCivrebis meqanizmTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis<br />

ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli iqneba <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli.<br />

sazogadoebis saCivrebis umetesoba, rogorc mosalodnelia, iqneba samSeneblo<br />

periodis ganmavlobaSi, radganac yvelaze meti zegavlena garemoze xmauris, mtvris<br />

nawilakebis saxiT, romelic Seawuxebs adgilobriv mosaxleobas, mosalodnelia am<br />

periodis ganmavlobaSi. saCivrebis Semadgenloba umetesad daukavSirdeba janmrTelobis<br />

problemebs da garemos usafrTxoebas, Seusabamobas standartebTan da samarTlebriv<br />

valdebulebebTan, bunebis dazianebas, araeTikur qcevas da msgavs sakiTxebs.<br />

<strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli miiRebs msgavs saCivrebs amisaTvis Camoyalibebuli<br />

meqanizmis farglebSi. mas Semdeg, rac saCivari iqneba miRebuli <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobelis<br />

mier, Sefasdeba misi Sesabamisoba da Tuki dadasturdeba misi Seusabamisoba, im pirs,<br />

romelmac Seitana saCivari proeqtTan dakavSirebiT, gaegzavneba werilobiTi pasuxi. im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saCivari CaiTvleba samarTlianad, <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli<br />

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ganaxorcielebs kvlevas im saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic moyvanilia saCivarSi<br />

im mizniT, raTa Sefasdes iyo Tu ara raime Seusabamoba aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT. Tu<br />

pasuxi iqneba dadebiT, <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli miiRebs Sesabamis zomebs imisaTvis, rom<br />

dadebiTad gadaWras problema.<br />

Semdgomi detalebi sazogadoebsaTan konsultaciebis Sesaxeb da informaciis<br />

Sesaxeb, Setanil iqneba ESIA-is saboloo angariSSi.<br />

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