mtkvaris hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti
mtkvaris hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti
mtkvaris hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqti
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
JSC Caucasus Energy and Infrastructure (CEI)<br />
<strong>mtkvaris</strong> <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong><br />
garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis Sefaseba-<br />
Sualeduri <strong>proeqti</strong><br />
0
Tavi 1. Sesavali<br />
1.1. <strong>proeqti</strong>s winasityvaoba<br />
saqarTvelos energosistemas yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi imgvari struqtura<br />
gaaCnda, rom mas daekmayofilebina kavSiris pikuri moTxovna. amitom, imis gamo,<br />
rom energoqselis simZlavre ar iyo sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom daekmayofilebina<br />
saqarTvelos moTxovna eleqtroenergiaze damoukideblobis Semdeg, qveyanaSi<br />
aRiniSneboda seriozuli wyvetebi eleqtroenergiiT momaragebaSi. garda amisa,<br />
eqsportiori qveynebidan Sewyda wiaRiseuli sawvavis importi politikuri da<br />
ekonomikuri problemebis gamo. amis gamo saqarTvelos Tavisi moTxovnebi energoresursebze<br />
Tavad unda daekmayofilebina, romelSidac hidroenergoresursebi<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani resursi iyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTveloSi Zlieri<br />
iyo stimuli aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT da amis gamo, man wamoiwyo rigi proeqtebis<br />
ganxorcieleba rogorc kerZo, aseve saxelmwifo seqtorebSi. miuxedavad<br />
Zalisxmevisa, saqarTvelo iyo energiis importiori qveyana, romelic awarmoebda<br />
qveynis mTeli energomoxmarebis 71%-is imports, romelSidac bunebriv gazs<br />
ekava mTliani raodenobis 47%, maSin, rodesac navTobproduqtebi Seadgendnen<br />
24%-s. aqedan gamomdinare energousafrTxoebaze uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda energiis<br />
importi, wiaRiseul sawvavze sabazro fasebis meryeobis gamo es faqtori<br />
uaryofiTad moqmedebs ekonomikaze da eleqtroenergiis mowodebis wyvetaze<br />
politikuri sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT eqsportior qveynebTan.<br />
meores mxriv, hidroresursebi saqarTveloSi ZiriTad energoresurss<br />
warmoadgens, radganac igi msoflios erT-erTi umdidresi qveyanaa hidro resursebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. amJamad eleqtroenergiis moTxovnis 78% kmayofildeba<br />
saqarTvelos hidroeeleqtrosadgurebis meSveobiT. hidroeleqtruli potenciali<br />
saqarTveloSi Sesafsebulia rogorc 40-50 milion kv/sT, saidanac 10-15 mln.<br />
kv/sT weliwadSi ekonomikurad perspeqtiulia. maSin, rodesac wylis energiis<br />
wyaroebis gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi Seadgens misi hidroeleqtroenergiis potencialis<br />
mxolod 25-30%-s. amis gamo, seqtors gaaCnia ganviTarebis potenciali<br />
energiis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT da energiis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac xdeba eqsportis gazrda da qveyanaSi dasaqmebulobis zrda.<br />
hidroeenergias, romelic warmoadgens ganaxlebadi energiis tips, gaaCnia dabali<br />
riski, an mas ar gaaCnia riski ekologiis, ekonomikur da politikur<br />
sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT, rodesac warmoebs misi Sedareba zemoT naxseneb energo<br />
resursebTan. garda amisa, hidroenergia warmoadgens adgilobriv energo resurss,<br />
xolo hidroenergiis seqtoris gaumjobeseba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan win<br />
gadadgmul nabijs, romelic uzrunvelyofs energiis usafrTxoebas. garda amisa,<br />
wiaRiseuli sawvavis garemoze zemoqmedeba kidev ufro Semcirdeba hidroenergiis<br />
gamoyenebasTan erTad.<br />
1
Sedareba, romelic gakeTda angariSSi enrgiis Sesaxeb momzadda TMMOB-is mier<br />
(TurqeTis inJinrebis da arqiteqtorebis palatis gaerTianeba) 2006 wels, igi<br />
mocemulia cxrilSi 1.1. rogorc cxrilidan Cans, mzis energias, qaris energias<br />
da hidroenergias ara aqvT garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis efeqti, rodesac maT<br />
vadarebT energiis pirvelad wyaroebTan.<br />
cxrili. 1.1. energiis generaciis sostemebis Sedareba maTi garemoze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
Kklimatis<br />
cvlileba<br />
mJavuri<br />
wvima<br />
wylis<br />
dabinZureba<br />
niadagis<br />
dabinZureba<br />
xmauri radiacia<br />
benzini √ √ √ √ √ -<br />
qvanaxSiri √ √ √ √ √ √<br />
bunebrivi<br />
gazi<br />
birTvuli<br />
energia<br />
hidroenergia<br />
√ √ √ - √ -<br />
- - √ √ - √<br />
√ - - - - -<br />
wyali - - - - √ -<br />
mzis energia - - - - - -<br />
geoTermuli<br />
energia<br />
- - √ √ - -<br />
monacemebis Sesabamisad, romelic aRebuli iyo 2004 wlis angariSidan, romelic<br />
moamzada energetikis saerTaSoriso saagentom, energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebi<br />
(biomasa, hidroeleqtruli, mzis, qaris, geoTermuli, a.S.) akmayofileben<br />
pirvelad energiaze globaluri moTxovnis 13.5%-s. 1990-2004 wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, globaluri mTliani pirveladi energiis wliuri moxmareba<br />
gaizarda 1.4%-iT, maSin, rodesac igive periodis ganmavlobaSi Tanamedrove<br />
ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba gaizarda wliuri 19.1%-iT,<br />
Tanamedrove biomasis resursebis gamoyeneba (qalaqis narCenebi, biogazi)<br />
gaizarda 7.6%-iT, geoTermuli energiis moxmareba wliuri 2.3%-iT.<br />
eleqtroenergiis globaluri generaciis 18.1%-i iwarmoeba energiis aRdgenadi<br />
wyaroebis meSveobiT.<br />
saqarTveloSi navTobis, gazis da hidroenergiis gamoyenebis wili qveynis<br />
mTliani eleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi Seadgens 0.3%, 26.7% da 73%-s<br />
Sesabamisad. eleqtroenergiis warmoeba hidroeleqtrosadgurebSi gaizarda<br />
ZiriTadad saoperacio pirobebis gaumjobesebis da gazrdis gamo seqtorSi.<br />
Tboeleqtrosadgurebis wili da importi saqarTvelos energetikis seqtorSi<br />
ganicdis stabilur daRmavlobas. 2006 wels pirveladi energiis mowodeba<br />
saqarTveloSi xorcieldeboda gazis (41.9%), navTobis (23.9%), aRdgenadi da<br />
2
narCeni (19.6%), hidroenergia (13.9%), geoTermaluri/mzis/qaris (0.3%) da<br />
qvanaxSiri/torfi (0.3%) mTlianobaSi.<br />
dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wylis resursebis teqnikuri potenciali da masTan<br />
dakavSirebuli wylis energiis resursebi wliurad utoldeba 40-50 milion<br />
kvsT, saidanac 10-15 milioni kv/sT weliwadSi ekonomikurad realizebadia.<br />
dadgmuli hidroenergiis simZlavre Seadgens mxolod 26%-s mTliani arsebuli<br />
hidroenergiis potencialidan qveyanaSi.<br />
saqarTvelos respublika, rogorc ganviTarebadi qveyana, imyofeba ekonomikis<br />
swrafi zrdis periodSi da ganviTareba moiTxovs energiis mniSvnelovan raodenobas.<br />
amrigad, energetikis seqtori rCeba mTavrobis upirveles prioritetad da<br />
metad mniSvnelovania seqtoris ganviTareba ufro produqtiul da mdgrad<br />
energetikis sistemad. axlaxans energetikis saministrom gamoacxada axali sainvesticio<br />
programa “grinfildis” hidroenergetikul sadgurebSi, romlis mizania<br />
meti kerZo investiciebis mozidva hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ganviTarebis mizniT<br />
saqarTveloSi imisaTvis, rom moxdes qveynis wylis Warbi resursebis gamoyeneba.<br />
aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mTavrobam mtkvris momavali<br />
hidroeleqtrosadguri, romelic mdebareobs mdinare mtkvarze, axalcixesTan axlos,<br />
Seitana potenciur hidroenetgetikul sadgurebis siaSi saqarTveloSi. aRniSnul<br />
farglebSi, mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> teqnikur ekonomikuri dasabuTeba<br />
axlaxans momzadda islandiis sakonsultacio sainJinro kompania “Verkis hf”-is<br />
mier saaqcio sazogadoeba “kavkasiis energiis da infrastruqturis” (CEI) mier.<br />
amave dros garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis sakiTxebis Seswavla<br />
ganxorcieldeba “ENCON Environmental Consultancy Co”-is mier., TurqeTi.<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s safuZvels Seadgens mdinare mtkvris gadaRobva, romelic saTaves<br />
iRebs TurqeTSi da miedineba samxreT-dasavleTisaken saqarTveloSi 1100 m met<br />
simaRleze zRvis donidan. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis adgili mdebareobs samxreTaRmosavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, mdinare mtkvarze, axalcixesTan axlos. misi simZlavre<br />
Seadgens 43 mv. hidroeleqtrosadguri aris saderivacio tipis, romlis saTavo<br />
nageboba mdebareobs 3 km-ze sofel rusTavidan da <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba<br />
mdebareobs 1 km-is manZilze sofel sakuneTidan. sadguris ZiriTadi Semadgeneli<br />
elementebis CamonaTvali mocemulia qvemoT:<br />
• saTavo nageboba<br />
• saderivacio gvirabi – sigrZe: 9.5 km, diametri: 5m;<br />
• gaTanabrebeli Saxta;<br />
• <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba ori agregatiT;<br />
• gamSvebi arxi sigrZiT 40m-mde;<br />
• Zabvis amwevi qvesadguri;<br />
• 110 kv gadamcemi xazi sigriZiT 13 km.<br />
3
1.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s fizikuri Tvisebebi, miwaTsargebloba, <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS<br />
myofi teritoriis aRwera<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT<br />
aRmosavleTiT, mdinare mtkvarze, qalaq axalcixesTan. mdinare saTaves iRebs<br />
TurqeTSi da miedineba saqarTvelos samxreT dasavleTisaken, zRvis donidan<br />
1100 m. simaRleze. qalaq axalcixesTan mdinare uxvevs aRmosavleTisaken 950 m.<br />
simaRleze da iqidan miedineba aRmosavleTisaken, dedaqalaq Tbilisis gavliT,<br />
azerbaijanisaken da Semdeg erTvis kaspiis zRvas.<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>saTvis gamoyofili teritoriis identifikaciisa da fizikuri Tvisebebis<br />
identifikaciis mizniT 2009 wlis 16-18 Tebervals ganxorcielda viziti<br />
adgilze. cnobilia, rom mTeli teritoria imyofeba mTavrobis kontrolis qveS<br />
garda 8 ha teritoriisa, romelic kerZo sakuTrebaSia.<br />
hidroeleqtorsadguris is nawilebi, romlebic aSenebuli iqneba <strong>mtkvaris</strong><br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s farglebSi, Semdegia:<br />
• mtkvris kaSxali, romelic mdebareobs sofel rusTavis zemoT 2 km-Si.<br />
• arxis mimRebi Senoba, romelic aRWurvilia saSandore saketiT da<br />
nagavdamWeri cxauriT;<br />
• wyalgadasaSvebi;<br />
• 9.6 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabi;<br />
• gvirabis pompaJis danadgarebi dinebis mimarTulebiT;<br />
• sadawneo gvirabi liToniT amogebuli ganStoebebiT, romelic mdebareobs<br />
eleqtrosadguris gverdiT;.<br />
• zedapiruli tipis eleqtrosadguris Senoba, romelic aRWurvilia ori<br />
eleqtrogeneratoriT da damxmare agregatebiT;<br />
• droseluri SemSvebi sarqvelebi da difuzoris gamosasvlelebi;<br />
• mdinaris zemo dinebis gamomyvani arxi, romelic mdebareobs sof. sakuneTTan;<br />
• misasvleli gza da xidi, romelic kveTs mdinares gamomyvani arxis zemoT;<br />
• Ria manawilebeli mowyobiloba eleqtrosadguris SenobasTan;<br />
• 8 km-iani gadamcemi xazi arsebul qvesadgurTan<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia<br />
suraTze 1.1.<br />
4
1.3. <strong>proeqti</strong>s alternativebi<br />
mtkvris gansaxorcielebeli <strong>proeqti</strong>s teqnikuri ekonomikuri Seswavlis win<br />
gakeTda zogadi Sedareba or alternativas Soris. orive alternativis<br />
Sesabamisad dagegmilia eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba sofel sakuneTTan.<br />
varianti 1-Tvis gamoyenebulia simaRleTa sxvaoba 977 metridan 909 metramde,<br />
7.5 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabiT, maSin, rodesac varianti 2 iyenebs simaRleTa<br />
gansxvavebas 1012 metridan 909 metramde da 9.6 km sigrZis mimyvani gvirabiT.<br />
varianti 1. saTavo nageboba rusTavis qvemoT<br />
kaSxalis adgilas wylis minimaluri done mdinareSi Seadgens 970 m, wylis<br />
Warbi done daaxloebiT 973 m. done SeiZleba aiwios maqsimum 977 m da ar unda<br />
iyos meti, vidre wyaldidobis dros. aRniSnulma variantma savaraudod SeiZleba<br />
wamoWras regulirebadi wyalgadasaSvebis arsebobis aucilebloba. saSandore<br />
saketi da nagvis damWeri cxaurebi saWiro iqneba gvirabisebr wyalasaRebTan.<br />
arsebuli gza misdevs mdinaris marjvena nawils da am SemTxvevaSi wylis nakadi<br />
unda iyos moqceuli gzis qveS. garda amisa, axlaxans dasrulebuli kvlevis<br />
Sesabamisad, gza saWiroebs amaRlebas 3-4 metriT daaxloebiT 100-200 metris<br />
manZilze. dagegmili mimyvani gvirabis sworebis xazi aris wrfovani wylis<br />
mimRebidan im adgilamde, romelic sof. sakuneTidan 600 m zemoT mdebareobs<br />
910 metris simaRleze. gvirabis sigrZe savaraudod 7.5 km.-ia.<br />
varianti 2. saTavo nageboba rusTavis zemoT<br />
mocemuli kaSxalis axlos wylis minimaluri done Seadgens daaxloebiT 992 m.<br />
wylis donem SeiZleba aiwios daaxloebiT 1012 m-mde, romelic SeiZleba kidev<br />
ufro maRali iyos wyaldidobis dros. amis gamo aRniSnul adgilas saWiro<br />
iqneba moewyos 100-150 m sigrZis araregulirebadi wyalgadasaSvebi. saWiro<br />
iqneba mdinaris gaswvriv mdebare gzis mniSvnelovani aweva ramodenime aseuli<br />
metriT. adgilze Seswavlam gviCvena, rom aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba teqnikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT ar unda iyos problematuri. amJamad gza SedarebiT cud<br />
mdgomareobaSia safaris gareSe, misi zedapiri moxreSilic ki ar aris. saWiro<br />
iqneba SeTanxmebis gaformeba gzis samuSaoebze pasuxismgebel organoebTan.<br />
agreTve saWiro iqneba saSandore saketi da nagvis damWeri cxaurebi gvirabisebr<br />
wyalsaRebTan. zogadad aq arsebuli pirobebi ufro xelsayrelia gvirabisebri<br />
wyalsaRebisaTvis da kaSxalisaTvis, vidre qvemoT arsebul kaSxalTan. imasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, rom mimReb wyalsacavs eqneba meti moculoba, mimRebi SeiZleba<br />
moewyos ufro Rrmad, rac gamoricxavs regulirebadi gadasaSvebis saWiroebas.<br />
mSeneblobis dros saWiro iqneba mdinaris sarini da aq SeiZleba moewyos miwis<br />
(yrili) kaSxali.<br />
zogadi Sedareba aRniSnul or variants Soris gviCvenebs, rom varianti 2 ufro<br />
misaRebia da rekomendebulia <strong>proeqti</strong>s Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. ori<br />
ZiriTadi mizani varianti 2-Tan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba Sejamdes Semdegnairad:<br />
varianti 1-is Sesabamisad, sarinis mdebareoba moiTxovs SedarebiT<br />
6
ZviradRirebuli regulirebadi gadasaSvebis mowyobas variant 2-Tan SedarebiT,<br />
sadac rentabeluri wyalgadamSvebis mowyoba iqneba saWiro da meore, gansxvaveba<br />
sadawneosa da Sesabamisad, energiis gamosavalSi udris 5%-s, xolo Tu<br />
SevadarebT meore variants, romlis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebulia mimyvani<br />
gvirabis sigrZesTan, igi Seadgens 27% (9,6 km varianti 2-Tvis nacvlad 7.5 kmisa<br />
varianti 1-Tvis).<br />
qmedebis ualternativoba<br />
rodesac Sefaseba keTdeba qmedebis ualternativobaze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
aRniSnul alternativas ar eZleva upiratesoba energiis warmoebaSi, romelic<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s mizans Seadgens da romelic moutans sargeblobas qveyanas. rodesac<br />
qmedebis ualternativoba miiReba mxedvelobaSi, Sedegebi, romlebic SeiZleba<br />
iqnas miRebuli, qvemoT aris CamoTvlili:<br />
• qveynis dRiTidRe sul ufro mzardi moTxovna energiaze, sxva energiis<br />
mwarmoebel saSualebebze, rogoricaa Termuli da birTvuli qarxnebi,<br />
romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> saxiT, wina planze<br />
wamova. am SemTxvevaSi, investicia, romelic ufro Zviria (mSeneblobis da<br />
eqspluataciis xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT) da aqvs ufro meti gavlena<br />
garemoze, saWiro iqneba Sefasdes.<br />
• ufro farTod, qveynis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTareba iqneba<br />
SezRuduli rogorc Sedegi SezRudvisa hidroeleqtroenergiis<br />
resursebis gamoyenebaSi, romlebic dabali Rirebulebisaa da srulad<br />
xelmisawvdomi.<br />
• dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba 60 adamianisaTvis, 200 adamianisaTvis<br />
mSeneblobis periodSi da 30 adamianisaTvis eqspluataciis fazaSi, ar<br />
iqneba uzrnvelyofili da mosalodneli gaumjobeseba regionis<br />
ekonomikaSi saWiro mowyobilobis uzrunvelsayofad, gansakuTrebiT<br />
samSeneblo fazis dros, ar iqneba miRebuli<br />
7
Tavi 2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis mdebareoba<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong> <strong>mtkvaris</strong> ganxorcielebis adgili mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT<br />
aRmosavleTiT, mdinare mtkvarze, qalaq axalcixesTan. uaxloesi dasaxlebaa sofeli<br />
sakuneTi, romelic mdebareobs 1 km-is manZilze <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> nagebobidan.<br />
momavali <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> nagebobis da kaSxalis mSeneblobis koordinatebi<br />
dadginda savele Seswavlis dros (suraTi 2.1.) da mocemulia qvemoT moyvanil<br />
cxrilSi.<br />
sur. 2.1. savele Seswavlis foto<br />
8
cxrili 2.1. <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> da kaSxalis kooordinatebi da simaRleebi<br />
mdebareoba koordinatebi simaRle<br />
hidroeleqtrosadguri 0343092 E<br />
4617008 N<br />
kaSxali (regulatori) 0345588 E<br />
4607171 N<br />
(m)<br />
913<br />
1,002<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mier gamomuSavebuli eneqtroenergiis gadacema moxdeba<br />
arsebul qvesadgurSi, romelic mdebareobs axalcixeSi, 8 km. sigrZis gadamcemi xazis<br />
meSveobiT da igi miuerTeba el.energiis erovnul qsels. nax. 2.2. da 2.3. naCvenebia<br />
saTavo nagebobebis da <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba.<br />
9
suraTi 2.2. mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> ZiriTadi nagebobebis saTavo Senobebi<br />
10
suraTi 2.3. hidrkoeleqtrosadguri <strong>mtkvaris</strong> mdebareoba<br />
cxril 2.2.-Si mocemulia mtkvris momavali <strong>proeqti</strong>s specifikaciebi.<br />
cxrili 2.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s maxasiaTeblebi<br />
hidrologiuri monacemebi<br />
wylis mimRebi<br />
mdinaris saSualo dineba 55.3 m 3 /wm<br />
turbinis dadgmuli<br />
mwarmoebluroba<br />
maqsimaluri dafiqsirebuli<br />
dineba<br />
Cveulebrivi amaRleba<br />
55 m 3 /wm<br />
1,100 m 3 /wm<br />
1,012 m (a.s.l)<br />
damcavi jebiri 6 x 6 m2<br />
nagvis damWeri cxauri 7 x 8 m2<br />
wyalgadamSvebi kaSxalis TaRis amaRleba 1,012 m (a.s.l)<br />
kaSxalis sasadgure nawili<br />
sigrZe, wylis gadamSvebi 120 m<br />
simZlavre<br />
1,500 m 3 /wm<br />
TaRis amaRleba 1,016 m (a.s.l)<br />
sigrZe 250 m<br />
11
mimyvani gvirabi<br />
Saxtis tipis mawonasworebeli<br />
rezervuari<br />
sigrZe 9.6 km<br />
5.5 m<br />
daqaneba 0.85 %<br />
wylis siCqare (dadgmuli) 2.3 m/wm<br />
diametri 3.0 m<br />
auzi 225 m 2<br />
amaRleba umaRles wertilSi 1,030 m (a.s.l)<br />
simaRlet 120 m<br />
sadamwneo gvirabi betonies safari, sigrZe 90 m<br />
eleqtrosadguri<br />
liTonis safari, sifrZe 80 m<br />
danadgarebi da dadgmuli<br />
simZlavre<br />
2x21.5 mv<br />
tipi Vertical Francis<br />
nominaluri siCqare 333.3 b/wT<br />
generatoris saproeqto<br />
simZlavre<br />
eleqtrosadguris zoma (w x l)<br />
47 mva<br />
12 x 40 m 2<br />
gamomyvani arxi sigrZe 200 m<br />
simZlavre da eleqtroenergia<br />
fskeris sigane 6 m<br />
wylis done 909 m (a.s.l)<br />
wneva bruto 103 m<br />
wnevis neto dawola 90 m<br />
sasualo wliuri<br />
mwarmoebluroba<br />
nominaluri maqsimaluri<br />
simZlavre<br />
246 gvsT<br />
43 mv<br />
ganxorcieleba mSeneblobis mTliani periodi 3 weli<br />
12
Tavi 3. sawyisi monacemebi _ <strong>proeqti</strong>s arsebuli garemo<br />
maxasiaTeblebi da zegavlenis qveS myofi teritoria<br />
3.1. mosaxleoba<br />
saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis monacemebiT, axalcixis<br />
municipalitetis mosaxleoba Seadgens 46,800 da 12,600 Sesabamisad. mosaxleobis<br />
wliuri monacemebi 2003-dan 2008 wlamde mocemulia cxrilSi 3.1.<br />
weli<br />
cxrili 3.1. aspinZis da axalcixis raionebis mosaxleobis wliuri maCveneblebi<br />
municipaluri mosaxleoba<br />
aspinZa axalcixe<br />
2003 12,900 45,800<br />
2004 12,300 45,200<br />
2005 12,300 45,400<br />
2006 12,700 46,900<br />
2007 12,700 46,900<br />
2008 12,600 46,800<br />
rogorc cxrili 3.1.-dan vxedavT, aspinZis mosaxleoba TiTqmis igive darCa<br />
mcireodeni Semcirebis garda, xolo axalcixis mosaxleoba gaizarda. imigraciis da<br />
emigraciis doneebi Zlier mcirea, gansakuTrebiT rusTavSi da sakuneTSi, sadac<br />
ganlagebulia hidroeleqtrosadturis saTavo nagebobei; ar aRniSneba emigracia an<br />
imigracia.<br />
sakuneTSi mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgens 700-800 adamians, rac daaxloebiT<br />
200 ojaxia, romlebSidac daaxloebiT Tanabarad aris gadanawilebuli maTi wevrebis<br />
13
wlovaneba da sqesi. Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba (mag.<br />
yvelaze Rirebuli produqtia kartofili) da mecxoveleoba (ZiriTadad saqoneli da<br />
cxvari). gavrcelebulia meTevzeobac; Tumca mas ara aqvs komerciuli xasiaTi.<br />
sakuneTis macxovreblebis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba TiTqmis erTanairia. garda amisa,<br />
ganaTlebis done 100%-ia da qalTa da mamakacTa Soris aris Tanasworuflebianoba.<br />
garda amisa, sakuneTSi ar aRniSneba emigracia an imigracia, sakuneTSi amJamad arsebobs<br />
erTi patara klinika da erTi skola. savaldebulo 11 wliani ganaTlebis miReba<br />
savaldebuloa yvela bavSvisaTvis.<br />
rusTavSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 150 ojaxi, rac 400-500 adamians moicavs.<br />
rogorc sakuneTSi, aqac soflis meurneoba da mesaqonleoba Semosavlis yvelaze<br />
gavrcelebulis wyaroebia. soflis meurneobis produqtebs Soris yvelaze<br />
gavrcelebulia pamidvris da kartofilis moyvana. mesaqonleobaSi ZiriTadad Warbobs<br />
msxvilfexa saqonlis movla-patronoba. garda amisa, agreTve gavrcelebulia<br />
mefutkreoba. meti upiratesoba eniWeba soflis meurneobis samuSaoebs, rusTavSi<br />
dasaqmebis sxva wyaro ar arsebobs. mwignobrobis done 100%-ia, aRniSnuli<br />
teritoriisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli emigracia, an imigracia. amJamad rusTavSi<br />
aris erTi skola da erTi patara klinika. sofelSi moqmedebs 11-wliani savaldebulo<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis moTxovna.<br />
3.2. geologiuri da hidrogeologiuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />
3.2.1. zogadi geologia<br />
geologiuri struqturis udidesi nawili ukavia qanebis liTologiur<br />
saxeobebs, romlebic warmoadgenen vulanur breqCiebs, andezit-bazalts da andezituri<br />
lavis intraformaciul fenebs, kirqvian Tixas, msxvilmarcvlovan kvarcsa da akozul<br />
da qviSaqvis grauvakas, tufovan qviSaqvas, tufs da argilits.<br />
zogadad aRniSnul stadiaze gvirabis mSeneblobis pirobebi misaRebia.<br />
mosalodneli ar aris mSeneblobis periodSi wylis seriozuli modineba. ar arsebobs<br />
seriozuli xarvezebi gvirabis gasworTan dakavSirebiT. qanebis gavrcoba gasworTan<br />
mimarTebiT perpendikularulia, rac iTvleba dadebiT faqtorad. kldovani formaciebi<br />
14
Sedgeba tufis breqiebisagan, qviSaqvisagan, argilitisagan da rigi CanarTebisagan,<br />
romlebic Sedgeba ufro mkvrivi bazalti-andezitis qanebisagan. qanis simkvrive<br />
misaRebia gaTxrebis sawarmoeblad.<br />
3.2.2. <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis geologia<br />
geomorfologiuri TvalsazrisiT teritoria misaRebia misTvis Sesaferisi<br />
nagebobebisaTvis. gvirabis gaswvrivi ZiriTadad Sedgeba Zlier mkvrivi ZiriTadi<br />
qanebisagan, romlebSic SeWrilia napralebi, romelTagan zogierTisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebelia susti zonebi.<br />
hqonia adgili.<br />
teritoriis geodinamiuri pirobebi (seismuroba) misaRebia da msgavs fenomens ar<br />
kldis 80-dan 85% yvela fenis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, klasificirdeba rogorc<br />
VII-XI jgufi burRvisa da afeTqebis TvalsazrisiT, aqedan 15-dan 20%<br />
klasificirebulia rogorc VI-VII jgufis.<br />
yvela hidroeleqtro nagebobebidan yvelaze rTuli teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT<br />
iqneba saderivacoi gvirabi. regionSi adre Catarebuli geologiuri kvlevis Sedegebze<br />
dayrdnobiT, saderivacio gvirabis savaraudo marSruti gaivlis gviani paleogenuri<br />
periodis vulkanigenur da zRvis danaleqze. 9,5 km-is sigrZis gvirabi SeiWreba<br />
Sereuli liTologiuri struqturis masivSi kveTis sxvadasxva xarisxiT an napralebis<br />
warmoqmniT, rac SeiZleba ZiriTad uaryofiT faqtorad CaiTvalos.<br />
samxreTis portalidan (sofeli rusTavis mxridan) 2.5 km-is manZilze, gvirabi<br />
gadaWris Silda-dviris kldovan masivs, romelic ekuTvnis gviani Sua eocenis periods:<br />
masiurad Cawyobili vulkanuri breqCiebi da lavis intraformaciuli fenebi –<br />
ZiriTadad bazaltoidebi, iSviaTad andezit-bazaltebi, ancecitebi da braqitebi.<br />
tufitebi, gravelitebi, tufi-qviSaqvebi da mergelebi sxvadasva adgilaa ganlagebuli<br />
zemoTa doneze.<br />
gvirabis Sua nawili samxreTidan CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT 4.2 km sigrZeze<br />
Wris kldovani nawilis masivs, romelic miekuTvneba zeda eocenur periods,<br />
ganlagebulia araregularuli saxiT zemoT naxseneb kldovan nawilTan, sadac<br />
15
mergelebi, uxeSmarcvlovani kvarcul-arkozuli da grauvaka qviSaqva da fiqlovani<br />
Tixa aris warmodgenili. bazalturi, andezit-bazalturi da traxitis lavebi da<br />
piroklastolitebi SeWrilia ramidenime adgilas.<br />
gvirabis bolo, CrdiloeT nawili, romlis sigrZea daaxloebiT 1.4-1.6 km<br />
gaivlis gviani Sua eocenis periodis kldis masivs, romlis liTologiuri struqtura<br />
zemoT aris moyvanili.<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> ZiriTadi Senoba aigeba mdinare mtkvris kalapotis<br />
farglebSi, sadac kldovan fenebze daleqilia aluvialuri (an flivialuri) kenWovan-<br />
RorRiani naleqebi. keknWovan-RorRiani naleqebis sisqe mdinaris kalapotis aRniSnul<br />
monakveTSi ar unda aRematebodes 4-6m-s. terasispira Walis daqaneba (uSualod terasis<br />
safuZveli) warmodgenilia Tixovani niadagiT, romelic aris deluvia-proluviuri<br />
genezisis. ZiriTadi Senobebis Semadgeneli nawilebi (kaSxali, gvirabis mimyvani arxi an<br />
sxva) stabilurobis da saimedobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT, unda eyrdnobodes ZiriTad<br />
kldovan masas, rac ar aris rTuli Sesasrulebeli, gamomdinare geologiuri<br />
suraTidan.<br />
mdinare mtkvris marjvena ferdobi <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> savaraudo<br />
mSeneblobis adgilas, ZiriTadad warmodgenilia kldovani vulkanuri fenebiT,<br />
romlebic uSualod mdinaris napirTan dafarulia meoTxeuli periodis TixiT an<br />
kenWnaris danaleqiT. ZiriTadi fena SedarebiT mkvrivia da amis gamo Senobis<br />
stabiluroba, romelic masze iqneba ganlagebuli, ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, Tumca<br />
miviRebT ra mxedvelobaSi yvela saxeobis kldovani masivebis dinamiur datvirTvas,<br />
romelsac adgili aqvs, igi unda iqnas detalurad gamokvleuli savele da<br />
laboratoriul pirobebSi.<br />
3.2.3. hidrogeologiuri Tvisebebi<br />
hidrogeologiuri TvalsazrisiT, wylis Sesvla gvirabSi unda iyos<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli. egreT wodebuli napralovani wyali cirkulirebs napralovan<br />
masivebSi. napralis wylebi ZiriTadad ikvebebian atmosferuli naleqiT. zedapiruli<br />
wylebis (xeobebi, xramebi) droebiTi an mudmivi nakadebi masivis SigniT naklebi<br />
moculobiT SeiZleba CaiTvalos maT mkvebav wyaroebad.<br />
16
wylis Sesvla gvirabSi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva intensivobis – teqtonikur<br />
zonebSi an sxva napralebis gaCenis zonebSi wyali Caedineba ufro intensiurad, xolo<br />
aranapralovan klovan masivebSi wylis Cadineba iqneba naklebi an sruliad ar eqneba<br />
adgili. zogadad, intensiuri wylis Cadineba gvirabSi ar unda moxdes, radganac<br />
gvirabis mdebareobis siRrme ar aris didi da wyali, romelic Cadis masivis<br />
napralebSi, mosalodnelia, rom moxvdeba mdinare mtkvarSi sami mxridan – samxreTidan,<br />
dasavleTidan da CrdiloeTidan agreTve ar aris gamoricxuli Termuli an mineraluri<br />
wylis moxvedra gvirabSi.<br />
rac Seexeba ZiriTad Senobas, igi ganTavsdeba WalaSi kenWovan da Tixovan<br />
niadagze, romelic mdinaris wylis donidan gamomdinare imyofieba wyliT gajerebis<br />
mdgomareobaSi da aq wylis done niadagSi damokidebulia wylis doneze mdinareSi.<br />
kaSxalis mSenebloba da SesaZloa sxva nagebobebis mSeneblobac agreTve saWiroebdes<br />
specialur RonisZiebebs wylis separaciisaTvis.<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mdebareobis adgilas niadagi Seicavs mcire raodenobis<br />
wyals da wylis separacia ar iqneba moiTxovs specialuri RonisZiebebis gatarebas.<br />
msgavsi RonisZiebebi aucilebeli iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Senoba an misi<br />
fundamenti mdinaris donis qvemoT iqneba ganlagebuli.<br />
3.2.4. mineraluri resursebi<br />
adgilze ganxorcielebuli kvlevebis Sesabamisad, <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />
adgilze ar aris raime mniSvnelovani mineraluri resursi an wiaRiseuli saTbobi.<br />
qalaq axalcixesTan aris Semdegi mineraluri resursebi: bazalti, kenWovani qviSa,<br />
daumuSavebeli qva, gipsi, diatomiti, bentonitis Tixa da ceolitebi, romlebic<br />
moipoveba mcire raodenobiT da dabali xarisxisaa. amitom, aRniSnuli resursebi ar<br />
iTvleba mogebis miRebis wyarod. garda amisa, erTaderTi wiaRiseuli sawvavi aris<br />
yavisferi qvanaxSiri, romelsac mcire ekonomikuri faseuloba gaaCnia da amJamad ar<br />
warmoebs misi mopoveba. mwvane aqati, seleniti da araregularuli qvebi<br />
warmoadgens mopovebis sxva wyaros axalcixeSi. garda amisa, sofel rusTavTan aris<br />
marmarilos sabado.<br />
17
3.2.5. hidrogeologiuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze. mdinare saTaves iRebs TurqeTSi da<br />
miedineba saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTisaken, Semdeg igi uxvevs aRmosavleTisaken<br />
qalaq axlacixesTan da miedineba aRmoavleTiT, qalaq Tbilisisaken, Semdeg igi Caedineba<br />
kaspiis zRvaSi.<br />
mdinare mtkvris dinebis siCqare fiqsirdeboda ramodenime<br />
hidrometeorologiuri sadguris mier 1933-1986 periodSi. 1971-1986 wlebisaTvis<br />
arsebobs yoveldRiuri Canawerebi. mSeneblobis miznebisaTvis yvelaze Sesabamisi<br />
hidrometeorologiuri sadguri mdebareobs sofel minaZesTan, uravelis Senakadis<br />
SerTvis adgilas. hidrometeorologiuri monacemebi yovelTviuri saSualo xarjis<br />
saxiT, romelic daangariSebulia dRiuri Canawerebis safuZvelze, mocemulia cxrilSi<br />
3.1.<br />
wylis nakadi uravelis SenakadSi mcirea da mdinare mtkvris xarji dinebis<br />
zemoT, minaZis SerTvis adgilas, dakoreqtirda da dinebis saboloo saSualo<br />
maCvenebeli amJamad Seadgens 55.3 m 3 /wm.<br />
18
cxrili 3..2 yovelTviuri saSualo xarji<br />
Tve Q (m 3 /wm)<br />
ianvari<br />
Tebervali<br />
marti<br />
aprili<br />
maisi<br />
ivnisi<br />
ivlisi<br />
agvistot<br />
seqtemberi<br />
oqtomberi<br />
noemberi<br />
dekemberi<br />
3.3. seismuroba<br />
amJamad saqarTveloSi moqmedi seismurobis riskis zonirebis mixedviT, mocemuli<br />
raioni miekuTvneba egreT wodebul 8-baliani seismurobis zonas. zogadad aRniSnuli<br />
seismuroba ukavSirdeba aqtiur rRvevebs mocemul teritoriaze, romelic ekuTvnis<br />
didi kavkasionis raions, garda miwisZvrebisa, romelsac adgili hqonda 1920 da 1940<br />
ww. da romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo mcire kavkasionTan. 1900 wlidan qveyanaSi<br />
dafiqsirebulia ramodenime seriozuli miwisZvra, yvelaze Zlieri miwisZvra moxda<br />
1991 wlis aprilSi, romelmac arsebuli monacemebis Sesabamisad, gamoiwvia dazianeba<br />
ramodenime aTas kv.kilometrze. konstruqciis TvalsazrisiT, seismuri zemoqmedeba da<br />
gamZleoba ganisazRvreba saTanado standartebis da normativebis Sesabamisad.<br />
saqarTvelos seismurobis ruqa warmodgenilia suraTze 3.1.<br />
19<br />
25.5<br />
25.5<br />
34.7<br />
55<br />
55<br />
55<br />
29.1<br />
24.2<br />
24.4<br />
24.6<br />
25.2<br />
25.6
3.4. klimatologia<br />
suraTi 3.1. saqarTvelos seismurobis ruqa<br />
mdinare mtkvris auzis klimatze ZiriTadad gavlenas axdenen Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
1. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoria mdebareobs<br />
kavkasiis mTavari zeganis CrdiloeTiT, igi teritorias icavs haeris civi<br />
masebis pirdapiri SemoWrisagan evraziis CrdiloeTidan da civi da mkvrivi<br />
sahaero masebis SemoWrisagan CrdiloeTidan;<br />
2. haeris civi masebi, romlebic Semoedinebian kavkasiaSi mTis zeganebidan<br />
dasavleTidan an aRmosavleTidan;<br />
20
3. miuxedavad imisa, rom raioni mdebareobs or Tbil zRvas Soris – Savi da<br />
kaspiis zRvebi, subtropikuli ganedis zonaSi, subtropikuli zona mocemul<br />
teritoriaze zegavlenas ar axdens;<br />
sazogadod, <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebisaTvis gamiznuli teritoria Sedgeba<br />
mTaTaSoris mdebare dablobebisa da mTianeTisagan, romlebic garSemortymuli arian<br />
mTagrexilebiT, maTi simaRle Seadgens 2500-3300 m zRvis donidan, rac aRniSnul<br />
teritoriaze qmnis kontinentur klimats, romelsac axasiaTebs cxeli mSrali<br />
zafxuli da civi zamTari yovelwliuri Tovlis safariT.<br />
naleqebis wliuri raodenoba Seadgens daaxloebiT 400 mm. axalcixis meteo<br />
sadguris monacemebis Sesabamisad, naleqebis umciresi Tviuri raodenoba-13 mm-aRiniSneba<br />
oqtomberSi, xolo umaRlesi-maisSi-94.4 mm.<br />
saSualo wliuri temperatura, romelic dafiqsirebulia axalcixis<br />
meteorologiuri sadguris mier, Seadgens 9 C°-s. yvelaze dabali Tviuri temperatura<br />
aRiniSneba ianvarSi: -3.8 C°, xolo umaRlesi saSualo Tviuri temperatura aRiniSneba<br />
agvistoSi, rac Seadgens 20.5 C°-s.<br />
winaswari SefasebiT, Zlieri qaris mimarTuleba, romelic dafiqsirda axalcixeSi,<br />
aris aRmosavleTis mimarTulebis. garda amisa, Rrubliani dReebis mTliani raodenoba<br />
Seadgens 60 dRes, rogorc es dafiqsirebulia axalcixis meteorologiuri sadguris<br />
mier.<br />
3.5. flora da fauna<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze floris da faunis zogadi suraTis<br />
dasadgenad TebervalSi (2009) mtkvris auzSi ganxorcielda teritoriis savele<br />
Seswavla. adgilze gasvlisas gamokvleul iyo teritoria da garSemo mdebare wylis<br />
garemo da faunis saxeobebi, mwvane safari da mcenareebis jgufebi, amJamad arsebuli<br />
cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebi. aRniSnuli winaswari Sefasebebi eyrdnoba<br />
Sesabamis literaturul kvlevebs florasa da mcenareebze saproeqto teritoriaze.<br />
meores mxriv, florisa da faunis detaluri kvleva saboloo saxiT Camoyalibdeba da<br />
21
igi warmodgeni dgenil iqneba ESIA –s (garemoze zemoqmedebis da socialuri gavlenis<br />
Sefaseba) angariSSi.<br />
savele Seswavlebi ganxorcielda eqspertebis mier Hacettepe-s<br />
universitetidan, ankara, TurqeTi, saxeldobr, asocirebuli prof. zafer aiasis<br />
(ekologi) da erdink durmasis (biologi) mier. teritoriis vleva ganxorcielda oTx<br />
ubanze, romelic warmoadgens <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> samSeneblo teritorias, mdinare<br />
ovbalianze, mdinare uravelze da kaSxalis adgilas. garda amisa, dakvirveba da<br />
SerCeviTi kvleva daiwyo mtkvris SenaerTidan mTeli mdinaris gaswvriv. qvemoT<br />
moyvanili informacia moicavs Sedegebs, romlebSic moyvanilia zogadi informacia<br />
floris Sesaxeb <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis garemoSi.<br />
flora<br />
Sesaswavli teritoria mdebareobs Savi zRvis aRmosavleT regionSi da evropa-<br />
cimbiris hotogeografiul teritoriaze, romelic moicavs daaxloebiT 20 km sigrZis<br />
vels, romelic mdebareobs sofeli sakuneTidan rusTavamde. mtkvris mdelos cicabo<br />
topografia kaSxalTan warmodgenilia stepis tipiuri mcenareuli safariT da gavlenas<br />
axdens <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi mcenareuli safaris warmoqmnasa da gavrcelebaze.<br />
Tavdapirvelad teritoriaze arsebuli tyis masivi gakafuli iqna aq macxovrebeli<br />
mosaxleobis mier kartofilis kultivaciis mizniT, romelic regionis Semosavalis<br />
miRebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens. tyis bunebrivi masivebi, romelic ar aris<br />
anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis qveS, SeiZleba Segvxvdes mxolod cicabo ferdobebze da<br />
xramebSi, romelTa teritoriebic ver iqneba gamoyenebuli Txilis kultivaciisaTvis.<br />
dReisaTvis moZiebulia mcenareTa 87 saxeobis nimuSi. mopovebuli monacemebis<br />
Sefaseba moxdeba Seswavlis dros, romlis drosac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba<br />
saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone saxeobebs da maTi ganvrcobis areals. yvela<br />
identificirebuli saxeoba Sefasebuli iqneba maT winaSe mdgomi safrTxis<br />
TvalsazrisiT da maTi SenarCunebis statusis Sesabamisad literaturul wyaroebze<br />
dayrdnobiT. TviTeuli saxeoba Sefasebul iqneba ojaxis, genis da flris arsebuli<br />
CamonaTvalis Sesabamisad. saxeobebi warmodgenili iqneba fito-geografiuli regionebis,<br />
endemurobis, gavrcelebis da nacionalur/globaluri safrTxis/SenarCunebis statusis,<br />
adgilis, gavrcelebis simaRleebis mixedviT.<br />
22
IUCN Red List-is (wiTeli wigni) gamocemis mizans Seadgens mosaxleobis mier<br />
yuradRebis gamaxvileba im saxeobebze, romlebic gadaSenebis riskis QqveS imyofebian.<br />
fauna<br />
xmeleTis fauna: adgilze vizitis dros, romelic ganxorcieldeba 2009 wlis<br />
TebervalSi, aRebul iqna nimuSebi, romlis Sedegad miRebul iqna mniSvnelovani<br />
monacemebi <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavrcelebis arealze. gareuli cxovelebis sainventarizacio<br />
CamonaTvalis Sesadgenad gamoyenebul iqna sami meTodi, romlebic Semdegia (Giles,<br />
1978):<br />
1. wignebi, Jurnalebi, Canawerebi da msgavsi monacemebi<br />
2. mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli interviuebi da kvlevebi<br />
3. uSualo dakvirvebebi an teritoriis kvleva<br />
amasTan erTad, monacemebi faunis Sesaxeb (ZuZumwovrebi, frinvelebi, reptiliebi<br />
da amfibiebi) mopovebul da Sefasebul iqneba biotopis Sesabamisad, biogenetikuri<br />
Senaxvis raionebis, endemuri saxeobebis, saxeobebis mixedviT romlebic ganadgurebis<br />
safrTxis qveS imyofebian, gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis arealebis Sesabamisad.<br />
faunis dacvis statusi miniWebul iqneba bernis konvenciis da IUCN -is Sesabamisad.<br />
wylis fauna: wylis sxvadasxva binadarTa garda, romlebic moipoveba mdinaris<br />
mTel gayolebaze, wylis binadarTa gavrcelebis arealSi dominirebs kulturuli<br />
ubnebi. rig adgilebSi SemaRlebebze bunebrivi mcenareuli safari gamdidrebulia<br />
bunebrivi da kulturuli mcenareebiT. sabaziso topografia SeiniSneba samxreT<br />
nawilSi mdinare <strong>mtkvaris</strong> qvemo dinebaSi. aRniSnuli situaciis Seqmna ganpirobebulia<br />
qviSis karierebis arsebobiT.<br />
teritoriaze Tevzebis faunis struqturis gansazRvrisaTvis Catarda savele<br />
kvlevebi 16.02.2009 w. proqtis gavrcelebis arealSi da mis mimdebare teritoriebze.<br />
Seswavlis dros mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli gavrcelebis arealis cvlilebebi,<br />
nakadebis siRrmis forma, fluvialuri mcenareebi, dinebis siCqare, mdinaris Senakadebi<br />
da hidroeleqtosadguris monakveTi. savele Seswavlis dros da literaturis<br />
23
Seswavlisas SemCneul iqna, rom qaSayis ojaxisebri (Cyprinidae) Tevzebi dominirebdnen<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze.<br />
saproeqto teritoriaze gavrcelebulia qaSayi da maTi reproduqciis da<br />
qviriTis dayris drp moicavs maisi-ivlisis periods. aRniSnuli periodebis dros<br />
mdinaris done maRalia da Tevzebi imyofebian wylis qveda nakadebsa da meCxer<br />
adgilebSi; qaSayis saxeobebisaTvis yvela mopovebuli Sedegis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
sasurvelia, rom wylis optimaluri siRrme Seadgendes 10-50 sm, dinebis siCqare 20-50<br />
sm/wm (kouqsi da velqomi 1998). rogorc Cans, msgavsi adgilebi mravladaa <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
gavlenis arealSi, da mis gareT. amis Sesabamisad, saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi<br />
SenarCunebul iqneba teritoriebi reproduqciisa da qviriTis dayrisaTvis. garda amisa,<br />
Tevzebis migraciisaTvis reproduqciis periodis ganmavlobaSi gakeTdeba saTanado<br />
gasasvleli TevzebisaTvis. Tevzebis gasasvlelis tipis da maxasiaTeblebis Sefaseba<br />
moxdeba mSeneblobis fazis garkveul monakveTSi. garda amisa, Sesabamisi mowyobilobis<br />
meSveobiT Tavidan iqneba acilebuli Tevzebis gaRweva sastabilizacio auzebis gareT.<br />
3.6. sahaero garemo<br />
axalcixeSi 1994 wlis monitoringis dros ganxorcielda monitoringi or<br />
ingredientze, mtverze da mxuTav airze. radganac axalcixeSi mrewveloba ar aris<br />
ganviTarebuli, samrewvelo gamonbolqvi ar axdens Tavis gavlenas garemoze. meores<br />
mxriv, qalaqis atmosferul dabinZurebaze gavlenas axdens nawilakebis didi<br />
koncentracia. saSualo wliuri koncentracia aWarbebs dasaSveb koncertracias 4.7<br />
jer, xolo maqsimum koncentracias 2.8-jer. rogorc suraTi 3.2-dan Cans, nawilakebis<br />
koncentraciebis donem moimata ukanaskneli 10 wlis manZilze, xolo azotis<br />
dioqsidis done Semcirda.<br />
24
3.7. wylis xarisxi<br />
suraTi 3.2. sahaero garemos xarisxi axalcixeSi<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze axalcixis raionSi. axalcixis<br />
raionSi ar aris ganlagebuli romelime didi samrewvelo qarxana. amis gamo,<br />
mosalodneli ar aris wylis dabinZureba samrewvelo narCenebiT. meores mxriv, mtkvris<br />
samxreTiT, mdinare uravelTan mdebareobs marmarilos sabado, romelsac Tavisi<br />
siaxlovis gamo SeuZlia zegavlena moaxdinos wylis ekologiaze.<br />
garda amisa, <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavrcelebis teritoriaze warmoebs soflis meurneobis<br />
samuSaoebi. imis gamo, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovan sasoflo meurneobis produqtad<br />
iTvleba kartofili, ar xdeba mdinaris wylis gamoyeneba sarwyavad.<br />
wylis xarisxis Sefasebis mizniT mdinare mtkvarze, adgilze Catarda gazomvebi<br />
hidroeleqtrosadguria Senobis mimdebare teritoriaze da ZiriTadi nagebobebis<br />
adgilas, garda amisa aRebul iqna sinjebi mdinaris gaswvriv. Sedegebi mocemulia<br />
cxrilSi 3.3.<br />
25
mdebareoba<br />
hidroeleqtrosad<br />
guris teritoria<br />
focxoviswyali<br />
SerTvis adgili<br />
uravelis SerTvis<br />
adgili<br />
kaSxalis<br />
teritoria<br />
(regulatori)<br />
cxrili 3.3. adgilze wylis xarisxis Semowmebis Sedegebi<br />
simaRle<br />
(m)<br />
pH<br />
marilian<br />
oba<br />
(ppt)<br />
eleqtorgamt<br />
aroba<br />
DO<br />
(mg/L)<br />
TDS<br />
(ppm)<br />
temperatua<br />
o C (F)<br />
913 8,85 5,95 12,20 10,5 580 11 (51,8)<br />
953 8,4 6,7 12,10 8,5 670 10,8 (51,4)<br />
955 8,6 6,6 13,80 8,6 675 12,3 (54,1)<br />
1002 8,5 6,8 12,10 7,2 690 9,3 (48,7)<br />
garda mocemuli gazomvebisa, Catardeba damatebiTi gazomvebi meore savele<br />
vizitis dros da mdinare mtkvris wylis xarisxis Sedegebi detalurad iqneba<br />
warmodgenili ESIA –is sabloo angariSSi.<br />
3.8. Termuli da geoTermuli wylis xarisxi<br />
axalcixeSi arteziuli mineraluri wylebi gamoiyeneba naxirmJava gazis<br />
samrewvelo kvlevisa da balneologiisaTvis. garda amisa, axalcixeSi aris samkurnalo<br />
gamoyenebis mineralebi da misi maragebi.<br />
3.9. niadagis Tvisebebi, miwaTsargebloba da sakuTrebis statusi<br />
mocemul danayofSi motanilia monacemebi miwis Tvisebebi, miwis gamoyenebaze<br />
(metyeveoba, sasoflo gamoyeneba, a.S.) da saproeqto teritoriis miwis kuTvnilebis<br />
statusis Sesaxeb.<br />
26
3.9.1. niadagis maxasiaTeblebi<br />
axalcixis da aspinZis teritoriebi monacemebis mixedviT Seadgenen 1010 da 825<br />
kv.km Sesabamisad. rogorc suraTi 3.3. da suraTi 3.4-dan Cans, axalcixis da aspinZis<br />
umetesi nawili dafarulia tyiT.<br />
aqvea mocemuli cifrobrivi monacemebi produqtiulobis Sesaxeb. axalcixeSi<br />
miwis umetesoba zomieri produqtiulobisaa. Tumca, niadagebi kargi da saukeTeso<br />
produqtiulobiT, ZiriTadad mdinare mtkvris CrdiloeT nawilSi mdebareoben. is<br />
niadagebi, romlebic hidroeleqtrosadgris samSeneblo teritoriazea, ZiriTadad<br />
zomieri produqtiulobis zonas ganekuTvnebian/<br />
meores mxmriv, Crdilo aspinZa ZiriTadad dafarulia tyeebiT da noyieri<br />
niadagi Zlier mcire raodenobiTaa. sofel rusTavSi, romelTanac 3 km-Si ganlagdeba<br />
ZiriTadi nagebobebi, niadagis Cveulebrivi tipi warmoadgens saSualo produqtiulobis<br />
mqone niadags.<br />
27
HPP Building<br />
suraTi 3.3. miwaTsargeblobis maxasiaTeblebi axalcixeSi (<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mSeneblobis adgili)<br />
28
Headworks<br />
suraTi 3.4. miwaTsargeblobis maxasiaTeblebi aspinZaSi (ZiriTadi nagebobebi)<br />
29
3.9.2. miwaTsargebloba<br />
sasoflo sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebi<br />
rogrc ukve aRiniSna, mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba mdebareobs 1 km-is<br />
manZilze sofeli sakuneTidan aspinZis raionSi, xolo ZiriTadi nagebobebi-3 km-is<br />
manZilze sofeli rusTavidan axalcixis raionSi. ZiriTadi nagebobebis da<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senobis mdebaroeba naCvenebia suraTebze 3.3. da 3.4.<br />
axlacixeSi gavrcelebulia yavisferi niadagebi. Tumca axalcixis irgvliv,<br />
yavisferi tyis da mTiani-tyis torfiani miwebi dominireben. meores mxriv, mTis Savmiwa<br />
niadagebi gavrcelebulia rusTavSi da yavisferi tyis miwa ZiriTadad aris sakuneTSi.<br />
sakuneTSi Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba da<br />
mesaqonleoba. ZiriTadi kultura aris kartofili. miwis ZiriTadi tipi sakuneTSi aris<br />
zomieridan kargi produqtiulobis niadagSi gardamavali, rac xelsayrelia sasoflo<br />
savargulebisaTvis da mebaReobisaTvis.<br />
soflis meurneoba da mesaqonleoba Zlier mniSvnelovani Semosavlis<br />
wyaroa sofel rusTavSi. kartofilis Semdeg, ZiriTad kulturas warmoadgens,<br />
modis pomidori. rusTavSi Semosavlis mniSvnelovani wyaroa agreTve mecxvareoba<br />
da meZroxeoba (ixileT suraTi 3.5).<br />
suraTi 3.5. mesaqonleoba rusTavSi<br />
30
metyeveoba<br />
tyis farTobebs ukaviaT 3005.3 aTasi heqtari, maSin, rodesac sufTa metyeveobas<br />
ukavia 2772.4 heqtari, igi Seadgens qveynis teritoriis 40%-s. merqnis mTliani<br />
resursi saqarTvelos mTebSi Sefasebulia rogorc 451.7 milioni kuburi metri (rac<br />
msoflio resursebis 0.13%-s Seadgens). tyis saSualo simWidrove saqarTveloSi<br />
Seadgens 163 kv.metrs. saqarTvelos tyiani teritoriis 97% (2915.8 heqtari)<br />
mdebareobs mTis ferdobebze, danarCeni 3% mdebareobs kolxidis dablobsa da<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebze. xeebis saxeobebi mocemulia cxrilSi 3.2.<br />
cxrili 3.2. saqarTvelos tyianeTSi gavrcelebuli xeebis tipebi<br />
xeebis tipebi farTobi (x10 3 ) (ha)<br />
bza<br />
soWi<br />
fiWvi<br />
muxa<br />
Txmela<br />
wabli<br />
rcxila<br />
1060<br />
161.5<br />
91<br />
241<br />
125.1<br />
72.8<br />
220.6<br />
axalcixeSi da aspinZaSi tyis farTobebi warmodgenilia suraTebze 3.3. da 3.4.<br />
rogorc aRniSnuli monacemebidan Cans, rogorc ZiriTadi nagebobebi, aseve<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> teritoriebi ar miekuTvnebian tyian regionebs.<br />
dasaxlebuli teritoriebi<br />
proeqtTan mdebare yvelaze axlo dasaxleba aris axalcixis raioni. ZiriTadi<br />
nagebobebi mdebareoben 3 km-Si sofel rusTavidan, xolo <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong><br />
Senoba ki ganlagebulia 1 km-is manZilze sofel sakuneTidan. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganlagebis<br />
teritoria saxelmwifos sakuTrebaa, garda 8 heqtarisa, romelic kerZo sakuTrebaSia.<br />
31
3.9.3. sakuTrebis statusi<br />
saproeqto teritoria ekuTvnis saxelmwifos, garda 8 heqtarisa, romelic<br />
kerZo sakuTrebaSia. saproeqto teritoriis detalebi da miwis gamoyenebis<br />
maxasiaTeblebi warmodgenili iqneba ESIA-is saboloo angariSSi.<br />
3.10. landSafti<br />
saproeqto teritoria mdebareobs daaxloebiT 1000-1100 m simaRleze. saproeqto<br />
teritoria dafarulia brtyeli mdeloebiT, romlebic mdebareoben cicabo<br />
ferdobebs Soris mimyvani gvirabis gaswvriv. kaSxali aSendeba 980 metris<br />
simaRleze zRvis donidan.<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s teritoria mdebareobs mtkvris auzSi, romelSidac mosaxleobis<br />
Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflis meurneoba da mecxvareoba da<br />
mesaqonleoba. soflis meurneobis ZiriTadi produqti kartofilia, <strong>proeqti</strong>saTvis<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli teritoria amJamad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli<br />
miznebisaTvis.<br />
3.11. arqiteqtura da kulturuli memkvidreoba<br />
ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi warmodgenili iqneba detaluri monacemebi<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb. Tumca adgilze Catarebuli kvlevebis da<br />
dakvirvebebis Sedegad, agreTve literaturul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT,<br />
hidroeleqtro sadguris (sakuneTi) da ZiriTadi nagebobebis (rusTavi)<br />
teritoriebze ar aris raime mniSvnelovani kulturuli an istoriuli faseulobis<br />
Zegli (ixileT suraTi 3.6).<br />
32
suraTi 3.6. xedi sofel sakuneTidan<br />
3.12. <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi teritoriis mgrZnobiaroba<br />
aRniSnul teritoriaze, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros<br />
mier dacvis qveS aris ayvanili eqvsi teritoria. Tumca arcerTi maTgani ar aris<br />
saproeqto teritoriis siaxloves.<br />
proeqtTan yvelaze axlos mdebare daculi teritoria aris borjomi-<br />
xaragaulis erovnuli parki, romelic moxvedrilia pirveli erovnuli parkebis<br />
CamonaTvalSi kavkasiaSi; informacia momzadebulia daculi teritoriebis saagentos<br />
mier. parkis teritoria Seadgens 61,235 heqtars, igi mdebareobs Toris, imereTis da<br />
samcxis teritoriaze. Tumca parki saproeqto teritoriidan daSorebulia 7.5. km-iT,<br />
rac mianiSnebs imaze, rom <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcieleba ar moaxdens mniSvnelovan<br />
ekologiur gavlenas borjomi-xaragaulis erovnul parkze.<br />
33
kidev erTi daculi teritoria, romelic proeqtTan axlos mdebareobs, aris<br />
borjomis erovnuli nakrZali. aRniSnuli teritoria moqceulia borjomi-xaragaulis<br />
erovnuli parkis farglebSi. amitom, manZili saproeqto teritoriasa da erovnul<br />
nakrZals Soris sakmaod didia imisaTvis, rom erovnuli nakrZali daculi iyos<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s zemoqmedebisagan.<br />
garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis daculi teritoriebis saagentos<br />
monacemebis mixedviT, daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 495 892<br />
heqtars, rac amJamad qveynis teritoriis 7%-s Seadgens. daculi teritoriis<br />
daaxloebiT 75% dafarulia tyiT. saqarTveloSi aris 14 bunebrivi nakrZali, 8<br />
erovnuli parki, 12 marTvis qveS myofi bunebrivi nakrZali, 14 bunebrivi Zegli da<br />
2 daculi teritoria. daculi teritoriebis upirvelesi amocanaa qveynis<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva qveyanaSi.<br />
mas Semdeg rac Sedgeba Sexvedra saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvis da<br />
sportis saministroSi, ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi moyvanil iqneba saboloo<br />
monacemebi kulturuli faseulobebis da memkvidreobis Sesaxeb.<br />
34
Tavi 4. <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli mniSvnelovani<br />
ekologiuri da socialuri zegavlena da misi Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebi<br />
4.1. SeTavazebuli <strong>proeqti</strong>s potenciuri zemoqmedebis gansazRvra<br />
garemoze zegavlenis da socialuri zemoqmedebis analizi emyareba <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
saqmianobas da sawyis pirobebs da igi Sedgeba sami sxvadasxva ekologiuri<br />
komponentisagan (msgavsia sawyisi monacemebis nawilisa); fizikuri, biologiuri da<br />
socio-ekonomikuri garemo. ganxilul iqneba <strong>proeqti</strong>s rogorc uaryofiTi, aseve<br />
dadebiTi Sedegebi. sazogadod, <strong>proeqti</strong>s fazebTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedebis analizi<br />
warmoebs or komponentad, zemoqmedeba mSeneblobis periodSi da eqspluataciis<br />
periodSi.<br />
zemoqmedebis analizi xdeba eqspertebis daskvnis safuZvelze da zogierT<br />
SemTxvevaSi prognozuli modelis Seqmnis, geografiuli sainformaci sistemis (gis),<br />
a.S. zemoqmedebis Sesafaseblad Sefasebis ZiriTad instrumentebad gamoiyeneba masTan<br />
dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, saerTaSoriso standartebi da miTiTebebi,<br />
profesiuli codna, miRebuli msgavsi proeqtebis ganxorcielebis safuZvelze<br />
mosalodnel zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT da disciplinaTaSoriso saeqsperto<br />
jgufebis gamocdileba.<br />
saproeqto teritoriis garemos pirobebis da maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom orive, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi zegavlena asaxvas<br />
hpovebs socio-ekonomikur garemoze <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmianobis periodSi. zemoqmedebis zogi saxe iqneba droebiTi xasiaTis da zogi-mudmivi<br />
xasiaTis. garda amisa, zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri da arapirdapiri.<br />
mtkvris hidroeleqtro sadguris mSeneblobis periodSi ganxorcieldeba Semdegi<br />
saxis saqmianoba:<br />
• kaSxalis ageba mdinare mtkvarze, gvirabis portali, wylis gadasaSvebi,<br />
mimyvani gvirabi, pompaJi, sadawneo gvirabi, zedapiris tipis<br />
eleqtrosadguris Senoba, gamomyvani gvirabi;<br />
• misayvani gzis da xidis mSenebloba mdinareze, gamomyvani gvirabis maRla;<br />
• Ria manawilebeli mowyobilobis da 8 km-iani gadamcemi xazis mSenebloba;,<br />
• <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> mSenebloba<br />
35
dasaxelebuli saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli SesaZlo zemoqmedebebis<br />
CamonaTvali da is garemo, romelmac SeiZleba ganicados aRniSnuli zemoqmedeba<br />
mocemulia qvemoT:<br />
potenciuri zemoqmedeba mimRebi garemo<br />
haeris dabinZureba<br />
Txevadi narCenebi<br />
myari narCenebi<br />
mavne narCenebi<br />
xmauri<br />
cvlileba miwaTsargeblobaSi<br />
landSaftis cvlileba<br />
socio-ekonomikuri zegavlena<br />
zedapiruli wylebi<br />
gruntis wylebi<br />
haeri<br />
miwis da niadagis gamoyeneba<br />
flora da fauna<br />
adgilobrivi landSafti<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba<br />
socio-ekonomikuri garemo<br />
(adgilobrivi da regionaluri<br />
masStabiT)<br />
kulturuli memkvidreoba<br />
4.2. zegavlena miwaTsargeblobaSi saproeqto teritoriaze<br />
sa<strong>proeqti</strong> teritoriis mgrZnobeloba gansazRvravs resursebis saWiroebas da<br />
garemoze zemoqmedebis SerbilebisaTvis aucilebel moqmedebebs. rogorc ukve naxsenebi<br />
iyo Tavi III-Si, mniSvnelovan sawyis wertils warmoadgens is, rom teritoria ar<br />
miekuTnebodes ekologiurad mgrZnobiare teritorias, romelic ekoligiurad an<br />
kulturuli TvalsazrisiT iqneba daculi teritoria <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />
farglebSi an mis siaxloves.<br />
ufro meti sizustisaTvis, Catarda Sesabamisi Seswavla im mizniT, raTa ufro<br />
sistematurad gansazRvruliyo socio-ekonomikuri zegavlenebi da momxdariyo<br />
aRniSnuli zemoqmedebis kvalificireba/raodenobrivi aRricxva. garemoze zemoqmedebis<br />
da socialuri zegavlenis Sefasebis saboloo angariSis Semdeg matricebSi (cxrili<br />
IV.1 da IV.2) CamoTvlili yvela sakiTxi detalurad iqneba ganmartebuli da yvela<br />
Semarbilebeli RonisZieba naTlad iqneba identificirebuli.<br />
36
cxrili 4.1. matricis gansazRvra – mSeneblobis faza<br />
potenciuri zemoqmedeba zedapir<br />
uli<br />
wyali<br />
gamonabolqvi haerSi<br />
− gamonabolqvi moZravi<br />
transportidan ,<br />
mowyobilobidan<br />
− samSeneblo<br />
saqmianobidan<br />
gaCenili mtveri<br />
Txevadi narCenebi da<br />
zegavlena wylis<br />
resursebze:<br />
− cvlileba<br />
zedapirul dinebaSi<br />
da wylis reJimSi<br />
− sayofacxovrebo<br />
Camdinare wylebi<br />
myari narCenebi<br />
− samSeneblo da<br />
gaTxriTi samuSaoebis<br />
narCenebi<br />
− mowyobilobisa da<br />
samSeneblo manqnadanadgarebis<br />
muSaoebis Sedegad<br />
miRebuli narCenebi<br />
(gamomuSavebuli<br />
zeTi, saRebavi,<br />
SesafuTi masala,<br />
a.S.)<br />
Acvlileba miwis<br />
gamoyenebaSi<br />
socio-ekonomikuri<br />
gruntis<br />
wyali<br />
haeri<br />
nadagi<br />
dam<br />
iwis<br />
gamoyene<br />
ba<br />
sakiTxebi<br />
flora<br />
da<br />
fauna<br />
(X) X (X) (X)<br />
X X<br />
mtveri,<br />
xmauri,<br />
transpo<br />
rti<br />
landSa<br />
fti<br />
(X)<br />
X (X) (X) (X) (X)<br />
(X) (X)<br />
(X) X X (X)<br />
socioekonomiu<br />
ri<br />
(X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)<br />
(X)<br />
kulturu<br />
li<br />
memkvidre<br />
oba<br />
(X) (X) X X X X X<br />
− miwis amoReba X X X X<br />
− samuSao adgilebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi<br />
X<br />
− xmauri/mtveri X X X X (X)<br />
− vizualuril X<br />
− transporti X X<br />
sakvanZo: potenciuri zemoqmedeba – X;<br />
( ) = arapirdapiri SesaZlo zemoqmedebat<br />
37
cxrili 4.2. – matrices gansazRvra – eqspluataciis faza<br />
potenciuri zemoqmedeba<br />
Txevadi narCenebi da<br />
zegavlena wylis<br />
resursebze:<br />
− cvlileba zedapirul<br />
dinebaSi da wylis<br />
reJimSi<br />
− gamotutva zeTidan,<br />
sawvavidan, a.S.<br />
− sayofacxovrebo<br />
Camdinare wyali<br />
myari narCenebi<br />
zedapir<br />
uli<br />
wyali<br />
gruntis<br />
wyali<br />
haeri<br />
nadagi<br />
dam iwis<br />
gamoyeneba<br />
sakiTxebi<br />
flor<br />
a da<br />
fauna<br />
mtveri,<br />
xmauri,<br />
transpor<br />
ti<br />
landS<br />
afti<br />
socioekonomiu<br />
ri<br />
kultur<br />
uli<br />
memkvidr<br />
eoba<br />
X X X X (X) (X)<br />
(X) (X) (X)<br />
(X) (X)<br />
− sayofacxovrebo myari<br />
narCenebi<br />
(X) (X) (X)<br />
− samedicino narCenebi (X) (X)<br />
socio-ekonomikuri<br />
− samuSao adgilis<br />
SesaZleblobebi<br />
− vizualuril X X<br />
− transportic (X) (X)<br />
sakvanZo: potenciuri zemoqmedeba – X;<br />
( ) = arapirdapiri/nakleb savaraudo zemoqmedeba<br />
4.3. bunebrivi resursebis gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong> ganxorcieldeba mdinare mtkvarze da hidroeleqtrosadguri gamoiyenebs<br />
mdinare mtkvris wyals. dinebis qvemoT arsebuli gavrcelebis arealis mdgradobis<br />
SesanarCuneblad, gamoTvlili iqneba wylis saWiro raodenoba da es raodenoba ukan<br />
iqneba CaSvebuli mdinareSi dinebis mimarTulebiT.<br />
wyali saWiro iqneba mtvris dasaTrguni samuSaoebisaTvis da personalis<br />
saWiroebebisaTvis <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebze. garda amisa, wyali<br />
saWiro iqneba cementis dasafasoebeli qarxnisaTvis. saWiro wylis mowodeba moxdeba<br />
mdinare mtkvridan. sasmeli wyali uzrunvelyofil iqneba garSemo mdebare soflebis<br />
38<br />
(X)
miwisqveSa wylis resursebidan, an moxdeba wylis Sesyidva da misi mitana samSeneblo<br />
moedanze<br />
SeuRwevadi masalis mopoveba, romelic saWiroa kaSxalis korpusis<br />
izolaciisaTvis da riyis qva kaSxalis asagebad, mowodebul iqneba axlomdebare<br />
karieridan/sabadodan. aRniSnuli qvis da Tixis karierebi mdebareobs mdianris dinebis<br />
maRla da dabla dinebis mimarTulebiT, 20 km-is farglebSi samSeneblo moednidan.<br />
4.4. narCenebi<br />
savaraudod <strong>mtkvaris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis Sedegad SeiZleba wamoiqmnas Semdegi<br />
saxis dabinZureba, Tuki ar iqna ganoxrcielebuli Semdegi Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebi:<br />
sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebi;<br />
Warbi masalebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba gaTxriTi/Sevsebis saqmianobidan;<br />
samSeneblo saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnili mtveri da gamonabolqvi<br />
samSeneblo transportisa da mowyobilobisagan;<br />
SemTxveviTi daRvra, gaJonva;<br />
xmauri.<br />
sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebi<br />
mosalodnelia, rom dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebaze samSeneblo da<br />
saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi imuSavebs personalis arcTu ise didi raodenoba;<br />
wamoqmnili sayofacxovrebo myari da Txevadi narCenebis raodenoba iqneba saSualo<br />
aqtivobis farglebSi. myari da Txevadi narCenebis raodenoba daangariSdeba maTi<br />
Senaxva da ganadgureba moxdeba saqarTvelos da saerTaSoriso Sesabamisi<br />
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.<br />
masalebis siWarbe gaTxris da Sevsebis saqmianobidan<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom masalebis Warbi raodenoba warmoiqmneba gaTxriTi samuSaoebis<br />
Sedegad samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas. pirveli varianti msgavsi narCenebis<br />
Tavidan mosacileblad iqneba maTi gamoyeneba SevsebiTi samuSaoebisaTvis da<br />
39
landSafturi samuSaoebisaTvis. darCenili masalebis Senaxva moxdeba Sesabamisi da<br />
isini ganadgurdeba saTanado normebis dacviT. sastikac akrZalulia Warbi masalebis<br />
dayra <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis adgilas an miwidzeda wylis zedapiebTan axlos.<br />
daRvra, gaJonva, a.S.<br />
saremonto saqmianoba, rogoric aris zeTis/filtris gamocvla, manqanebis,<br />
mowyobilobis SekeTeba, Sesruldeba teritoriis Sesabamis adgilebSi.<br />
gamomuSavebuli zeTi, romelic miiReba aRniSnuli saqmianobis Sedegad, Segrovdeba<br />
daxurul kasrebSi da gadaigzavneba gamoyenebuli zeTis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoSi.<br />
sxva narCenebi, rogoricaa zeTis carieli kanistrebi, gamoyenebuli tansacmeli,<br />
Zveli filtrebi gadaigzavneba licenzirebul miwayrilebis adgilebSi. sastikad<br />
aikrZaleba gamomuSavebuli zeTis Sereva zedapirul da miwisqveSa wyalTan.<br />
40
4.5. zegavlena haeris garemoze<br />
mtvris da gazis minarevebi<br />
haerSi minarevebis arsebobis zegavlena ekologiaze da adamianis janmrTelobaze<br />
ganisazRvreba haeris xarisxis standartiT, romelic gansazRvrul iqneba haeris<br />
xarisxis standartis modelirebis meTodebiT (USEPA) kritikul adgilebSi,<br />
rogoricaa dasaxlebebi, soflis meurneobis teritoriebi, a.S. aucilebeli<br />
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi gatardeba mas Semdeg, rac gakeTdeba prognozebi<br />
zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb<br />
dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi ar moxdeba mtvris warmoqmnis<br />
wyaroebis Seqmna. Tumca, samSeneblo saqmianobis warmoebis periodSi mtvris<br />
nawilakebis gamoyofa da haeris damabinZurebeli minarevebi (ZiriTadad manqanis<br />
gamonabolqvebi) iqneba seriozuli dafiqrebis sagani. mtvris warmoqmna agreTve<br />
moxdeba satvirTo avtomanqanebis, samSeneblo mowyobilobis, a.S. moZraobis Sedegad.<br />
garda amisa, amoTxrili masalis transportireba da droebiTi Senaxva iqneba kidev<br />
erTi wyaro mtvris warmoqmnis.<br />
SeTavazebuli Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebi SeiZleba moicavdes gamwovi sistemis<br />
controls, mtvris damTrgunavi meTodebis gamoyenebas da eroziis Tavidan acilebis<br />
teqnikas. daangariSebul iqneba mtvris/gazis gamonabolqvi, SeTavazebul iqneba<br />
Sesabamisi Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebebi da gansazRvruli iqneba narCeni zemoqmedeba.<br />
moxdeba Sedegebis Sedareba erovnul da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobasTan da<br />
yvelafer amaze moxdeba axsna-ganmartebis warmodgena ESIA –is saboloo angariSSi.<br />
sasaTbure gazebis gamoyofa<br />
naxSirorJangi (CO2) da meTani (CH4) dakavSirebuli arian globalur daTbobasTan<br />
da amrigad isini aRiniSneba rogorc sasaTbure gazebi. miuxedavad eleqtroenergiis<br />
generaciisa myari saTbobis gareSe, rezervuaridan mkvebavi hidroeleqtro sadgurebi<br />
SeiZleba gaxdnen sasaTbure gazis gamoyofis mniSvnelovani wyaro. meores mxriv<br />
41
aRniSnuli zemoqmedeba ar aris mniSvnelovani <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis samSeneblo<br />
periodSi. ufro metic, saTburis gazebis gamoSveba rezervuaridan warmoebs wyliT<br />
datborili mcenareebis lpobis Sedegad; niadagi da organuli danaleqebi, romelTa<br />
formireba warmoebs wylis biomasebis gavlenis qveS da nawilakovani an wyalSi<br />
gaxsnili qvanaxSiris organuli nivTierebebis Cadinebis gamo Semkrebi auzidan. imasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, rom mtkvris dagegmil proeqts eqneba Zlier mcire sasaTbure gazebis<br />
gamoyofa rezervuaridan, amitom es sakiTxi ar iqneba msjelobis sagani.<br />
42
4.6.zegavlena wylisa da niadagis xarisxze<br />
mtkvris dagegmili <strong>proeqti</strong>s mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis periodSi,<br />
sayofacxovrebo myari narCenebis da Camdinare wylis arseboba gamomidinareobs samuSao<br />
personalis arsebobidan. myari narCenebis raodenoba da Camdinare wylis moculobebis<br />
gansazRvra moxdeba personalis raodenobis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT da igi Setanil<br />
iqneba ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi.<br />
moxdeba niadagis Tvisebebis da miwis kuTvnilebis Sefaseba <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis<br />
qveS myof teritoriaze da moxdeba zedapiruli/miwisqveSa wylis resursebis<br />
gansazRvra saproeqto teritoriaze da mis SemogarenSi wylis arealis binadrebTan<br />
erTad. garemoze zemoqmedebis Seswavlis farglebSi, moxdeba saproeqto saqmianobis<br />
potenciuri zegavlenis Seswavla wylis resursebze da niadagze. isini ganisazRvreba<br />
da warmodgenil iqneba ESIA –is saboloo angariSSi. SefasebaSi Setanil iqneba, magram<br />
ar Semoifargleba miwis dakargvis SemTxvevebiT, miwis nawilobrivi kompresiiT,<br />
eroziiT, niadagis da wylis resursebis dabinZurebiT, danaleqiT, romelic warmoadgens<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senobis samSeneblo saqmianobis, gadamcemi xazis mSeneblobis,<br />
misasvleli gzebis da energiis mimwodebeli gvirabi.<br />
garda zemoT CamoTvlili SesaZlo zemoqmedebisa, stratifikacia warmoadgens<br />
mniSvnelovan sakiTxs, rodesac saqme exeba hidroeleqtruli <strong>proeqti</strong>s garemoze<br />
zemoqmedebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom stratifikaciis problemebis ZiriTad mizezs<br />
warmoadgens gansxvaveba temperaturaSi da Jangbadis nakleboba, romelic Tavs iCens<br />
dagegmili <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Zalovani nawilebis did da Rrma rezervuarebSi<br />
mzis sxivebis SezRuduli SeRwevadobis gamo. aRniSnuli sakiTxi ar iqneba<br />
mniSvnelovani mtkvris hidroeleqtrosadgurTan dakavSirebiT, radganac mocemul<br />
proeqtTan mimarTebiT Seiqmneba mxolod wylis patara rezervuari, imis gamo, rom<br />
mocemuli <strong>proeqti</strong> warmoadgens zedapiruli nakadis tipis hidroeleqtrosadgurs.<br />
SesaZlo Semamsubuqebeli RonisZiebebi niadagis xarisxis dasacavad, moicavs<br />
niadagis zeda fenis moxsnas da mis Senaxvas, raTa nayofieri fenis gamoyeneba<br />
SesaZlebeli iyos samomavlod, landSafturi samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas. damatebiTi<br />
Semarbilebeli samuSaoebi iqneba SeTavazebuli, gamomdinare miwis da miwis produqtebis<br />
Tvisebebidan, romlebic SeiZleba daikargos (Tuki msgavsi arsebos).<br />
43
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi wylis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba<br />
formulirebul iqnas Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: sayofacxovrebo Camdinare wylis<br />
Sesabamisi gadamuSaveba, mcenareuli safaris gasufTaveba wylis Semkreb auzSi<br />
organuli masalebis degradirebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />
4.7.xmauri<br />
samSeneblo procesis dros xmauris ZiriTad mizezs warmoadgens samSeneblo<br />
manqanebi da mowyobiloba (mag buldozerebi, eqskavatorebi da gamwevi saSualebebi).<br />
satransporto datvirTva regionSi ufro gaizrdeba mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
radganac saWiro iqneba mSeneblebis da samSeneblo masalebis transportireba. gakeTdeba<br />
gaTvlebi xmauris donesTan dakavSirebiT proeqtSi uaresi situaciebis SesaZleblobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. xmauris donis gasaTvlelad, gamoyenebul iqneba modeli, romelic<br />
damuSavda TEM-is mier (transportis da samSeneblo xmauris kontroli)<br />
(UNDP, 1990). uaresi scenaris SemTxvevebi moicavs imis varauds, rom yvela samSeneblo<br />
manqana imuSavebs erTdoulad, Tumca yvela manqana faqtiurad erTdroulad ar<br />
imuSavebs samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros. gaangariSebuli monacemebi<br />
Sedarebul iqneba saqarTveloSi moqmed normativebTan da saerTaSoriso standartebTan.<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac monacemebi meti iqneba vidre zRvari, Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa samuSao saaTebis SezRudva, xmis barierebi, iqneba<br />
SeTavazebuli imisaTvis, rom xmauris done misaReb farglebSi iyos.<br />
saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi xmauri SeiZleba warmoiqmnas turbinebisa da<br />
Zalovani generatorebisagan. imis gamo, rom xmauris warmoqmna umniSvnelo donisaa,<br />
sakmarisi iqneba, raTa muSebi uzrunvelyofil iqnan xmaurisagan damcavi<br />
mowyobilobebiT.<br />
garda amisa, regularuli saremonto samuSaoebi unda ganxorcieldes samSeneblo<br />
da saoperacio fazebis dros imisaTvis, rom moxdes xmauris minimizeba, romelic<br />
wamoiqmneba mowyobilobisa da transportisagan. amasTan, ganuwyvetliv unda<br />
44
ganxorcieldes monitoringi <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
da maTi ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi, unda Catardes damatebiTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi<br />
4.8. zemoqmedeba florasa da faunaze<br />
ESIA-is kvlevebis periodSi, <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myof teritoriaze naTlad<br />
iqneba gansazRvruli arsebuli Tavdapirveli pirobebi florisa da faunis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. sawyisi pirobebis gansazRvrisas literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebs<br />
daemateba savele kvlevis Sedegebi. <strong>mtkvaris</strong> proeqtTan dakavSirebuli specifiuri<br />
zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dros mxedvelobaSi iqneba miRebuli Semdegi sakiTxebi:<br />
ganadgurebis zRvarze myofi saxeobebi, romelTac aqvT saerTaSoriso<br />
mniSvneloba<br />
endemuri floris da faunis saxeobebis populaciebi<br />
saxeobebis da samonadireo cxovelebis ekonomikuri mniSvneloba<br />
Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi da konvenciebi<br />
mocemul farglebSi, ganisazRvreba zemoqmedeba biologiur resursze da gareul<br />
cxovelebze da zemoqmedeba Sefasdeba Semdegis gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />
veluri cxovelebis da maTi gavrcelebis arealis dakargva,<br />
mcenareuli safaris gauCinareba,<br />
cxovelTa gavrcelebis arealis Semcireba<br />
dabinZurebis zegavlena saxeobebze, mgrZnobelobaze, saxeobebis mgrZnobeloba<br />
saxeobebis gauCinareba<br />
alternatiuli gavrcelebis arealis arseboba<br />
wyalTan dakavSirebuli proeqtebis SemTxvevaSi, ZiriTadi zegavlena xmeleTze<br />
arsebul faunaze dakavSirebulia im floraze zemoqmedebasTan. mcenareuli safari<br />
45
kaSxalTan da mis garSemo da sxva samSeneblo ubnebze ganadgurdeba samSeneblo<br />
saqmianobis Sedegad. mcenareuli safaris gadandgureba Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens<br />
xmeleTze arebul cxovelTa samyaroze, romelic damokidebulia aRniSnul garemoze.<br />
msgavs proeqtebSi, xmeleTze arsebuli cxovelebis kveba, gamozrda, dasveneba da<br />
sacxovrebeli areali SeiZleba ganadgurdes samSeneblo saqmianobis Sedegad. Tumca<br />
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom samSeneblo saqmianobas droebiTia, gavlena florasa da<br />
faunaze Sewydeba da winaT arsebuli veluri cxovreba aRsdgeba.<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani Semarbilebeli RonisZieba mdinaris qveda dinebaSi<br />
Sesabamisi wylis cxovrebis uzrunvelsayofad aris minimaluri dinebis raodenoba<br />
<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> saoperacio fazis ganmavlobaSi. aRniSnuli raodenoba<br />
daiangariSeba da igi Setanil iqneba ESIA -is saboloo angariSSi.<br />
4.9. zegavlena socio-ekonomikur garemoze<br />
mtkvris <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong> warmoadgens samSeneblo proeqts,<br />
romelic ukavSirdeba energiis generacias. Sesabamisi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso<br />
politikis gaTvaliswinebiT, yvela adamiani, romelzedac gavlenas iqoniebs <strong>proeqti</strong>,<br />
agreTve <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlena maTs sacxovrebel garemoze, unda iyos identificirebuli da<br />
Sefasebuli. samSeneblo proeqtebis potenciuri zemoqmedeba SeiZleba moicavdes<br />
sazogadoebriobis da maTi socialuri daxmarebis qselebis rRvevas; sacxovrebeli<br />
saxlebis, fermeruli meurneobis Senobebis da sxva Senobebis dakargvas (Webi,<br />
WaburRilebi, sairigacio samuSaoebi da SemoRobva), sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis, xeebis<br />
da marcvleulis; sazogadoebis resursebis xelmisawvdomobis, saZovrebis, tyis da<br />
tyiani adgilebis, qarxnebis, cxovelebis, meTevzeobis meurneobebis dakargvas.<br />
zemoTmoyvanili informaciis farglebSi, aucilebelia samSeneblo sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli efeqtebis ganxilva da maTi Sesabamisi Serbileba sazogadoebasTan<br />
mimarTebiT, rac moicavs gazrdil datvirTvas miwaze, wyalze, bunebriv resursebze<br />
(tyeebi, tyiani adgilebi, savanebi, saZovrebi, Walebi), plantaciebze da tyis nakveTebze<br />
an sxva sazogado kuTvnilebis resursebze, sazogadoebriv infrastruqturaze da<br />
46
servisebze. sazogadoeba unda iyos informirebuli da maTTan Catardeba<br />
konsultaciebi, rogorc dagegmili samSeneblo proeqtebis procesis nawili.<br />
konsultacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs maTSi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis<br />
monawileobas, xels uwyobs urTierTobis damyarebas da sakamaTo sakiTxebis gadaWras,<br />
romlebic aucileblad warmoiSveba <strong>proeqti</strong>s mimdinareobisas da mis Semdeg.<br />
ESIA-s kvlevebis farglebSi, gansazRvruli iqneba is Semarbilebeli<br />
RonisZiebebi, romlebic amcireben dagegmili <strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
negatiur gavlenas mosaxleobaze, janmrTelobaze da usafrTxoebasa da kulturul<br />
memkvidreobaze. zogadi Semarbilebeli SesaTavazebeli RonisZiebebi ukavSirdeba wylis<br />
xarisxis dacvas, gavrcelebis areals <strong>proeqti</strong>s zemoqmedebis qveS myof teritoriaze<br />
da mis SemoggarenSi, janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis riskebis Semcirebas samSeneblo<br />
da saoperacio fazebis ganmavlobaSi regularuli treningebis Catarebis meSveobiT da<br />
a.S. im mizniT, raTa moxdes negatiuri socialuri zemoqmedebis Serbileba da moxdes<br />
potenciuri pozitiuri zemoqmedebis gamoyeneba (samuSao SesaZleblobebi, axali<br />
infrastruqturis ganviTareba, rogoricaa axali gzebis, xidebis, a.S. mSenebloba).<br />
mniSvnelovania dainteresebuli mxaris dasaqmebis gegmis garemos menejmentis gegmaSi<br />
Setana.<br />
47
Tavi 5. dainteresebuli mxaris mozidvis gegma (konsultaciebi<br />
sazogadeobasTan da informaciis gacemis gegma)<br />
mtkvarze gansaxorcielebeli <strong>proeqti</strong> imgvarad iqneba struqturulad awyobili,<br />
rom igi akmayofilebdes saqarTvelos erovnul kriteriumebs da ergb-s standartebs.<br />
amitom, ESIA –s kvelvebis periodSi yuradReba mieqceva konsultaciebs<br />
sazogadoebasTan da informaciis gacemas. aRniSnuli socialur sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli gegma iqneba ESIA –s saboloo angariSis nawili da aRniSnuli gegmis<br />
Sesabamisad garantirebul iqneba is, rom dainteresebuli mxaris interesebi Cadebul<br />
iyos <strong>proeqti</strong>s dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis etapebSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebuli saxelmwifo kanonis Sesabamisad ESIA –s Sesaxeb,<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni “garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, mas Semdeg, rac ESIA –s <strong>proeqti</strong><br />
waredgineba garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, moxdeba<br />
sazogadoebis informireba da ganxorcieldeba monawileobis programa. Semdeg moxdeba<br />
ESIA –s Taobaze informaciis gavrceleba da gakeTdeba gancxadebebi regionalur da<br />
erovneul gazeTebSi. sazogadoebas aqvs 45 dRe gamocxadebis dRidan imisaTvis, rom<br />
waradginos Tavisi sapirispiro mosazrebebi ESIA –Si. 45-dan 60 dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
gazeTSi gamocxadebis TariRidan, adgilobrivi municipaliteti, saqarTvelos garemos<br />
dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saminisatro da sxva dainteresebuli organizaciebi<br />
mowveuli iqnebian sazogadoebriobasTan Sexvedraze, sadac gakeTdeba yvela gancxadeba<br />
da gamoiTqmeba yvela rekomendacia Tu SeniSvna.<br />
garda amis Taobaze saqarTvelos mxridan moTxovnisa, sazobadoebasTan<br />
konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis moTxovna aqvs evropis rekonstruqciis da<br />
ganviTarebis banksac, radganac hidroeleqtrosadguri ekuTvnis “kategoria a”<br />
proeqtebs. savaldebuloa, rom mocemuli gegma Ria iyos ganxilvisaTvis da<br />
komentarebisaTvis yvela dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis. aRniSnuli gegmis mizans Seadgens<br />
yvela Sesabamisi dainteresebuli mxaris gansazRvra, imisaTvis, rom damuSavdes<br />
dasaqmebis strategia, romelic moicavs rogorc <strong>proeqti</strong>s samSeneblo fazas, aseve<br />
saoperacio fazas. gegmis momzadebis da misi wardgenis Semdeg, rogorc ESIA –s<br />
angariSis nawilis, masSi Seva yvela is dokumenti, romelic ukavSirdeba informaciis<br />
gacemas da rac warimarTa rogorc nawili ESIA –s kvlevisa, rogorc dainteresebuli<br />
mxareebis mier wamoWrili ZiriTadi sakiTxebis CamonaTvali garemosdacviT da<br />
48
socialur sakiTxebze. garda amisa, sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebi da informaciis<br />
gacemis gegma moicavs dokumentacias imis Taobaze, Tu rogor warmoebs ZiriTadi<br />
mniSvnelovani dokumentebis ganxilva.<br />
5.1. saTanado dainteresebuli mxareebis identificireba da zegavlenis qveS<br />
myofi potenciuri jgufebi<br />
saTanado dainteresebuli mxareebi warmoadgenen <strong>proeqti</strong>s potenciuri<br />
zegavlenis qveS myof jgufebs da maTi wvlili da Sesabamisoba proeqtTan SeiZleba<br />
qvemoT iyos CamoTvlili:<br />
rusTavSi arsebuli sazogadoebrivi jgufebi (ZiriTadi nagebobebi) da sakuneTi<br />
(<strong>hidroeleqtrosadguris</strong> Senoba): zegavlenis qveS myofi sazogadoebis jgufebi<br />
SeiZleba ganicdidnen ekologiur da socialur zegavlenas <strong>proeqti</strong>s ganxorcielebis<br />
Sedegad misi mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis periodSi. aRniSnuli ekologiuri da<br />
socialuri zegavlenebis moicaven zegavlenas janmrTelobaze da xmaurs, mtvris<br />
gamoyofas, kultivirebuli miwebis dakargvas da gadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebul<br />
sakiTxebs, agreTve potenciur dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas, romelic SeiZleba iyos<br />
droebiTi an mudmivi, mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis periodSi.<br />
samTavrobo organoebi: samTavrobo organoebi, romlebic, rogorc mosalodnelia,<br />
dainteresebuli arian <strong>proeqti</strong>T, Semdegia: garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis<br />
saministro, energetikis saministro, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro,<br />
janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saministro, kulturis saministro,<br />
administraciuli raionis uflebamosili pirebi. samTavrobo organoebi dainteresebuli<br />
arian ara mxolod <strong>proeqti</strong>s garemosdacviTi da socialuri sakiTxebiT, agreTve<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s warmatebuli ganxorcielebiT, RirebulebiT, sargeblianobiT, sazogadoebis<br />
socialuri keTildReobiT da gavleniT energetikul mrewvelobaze da gazrdili<br />
sagadasaxado SemosavlebiT.<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s mfobeli: saaqcio sazogadoeba “kavkasiis energia da infrastruqtura”<br />
axorcielebs proeqts da aqedan gamomdinare moxdens gavlenas procedurebze <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
dagegmvis, mSeneblobis da eqspluataciis fazebis periodSi.<br />
evropis rekonstruqciis da ganviTarebis banki: rogorc <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
damfinansebeli, ergb-s eqneba gavlena <strong>proeqti</strong>s dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis<br />
49
procedurul detalebze da saqmianobaze samSeneblo da saoperacio fazebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
arasamTavrogo organizaciebi: adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebs mosalodnelia, rom gaaCndeT interesi <strong>proeqti</strong>s gavlenis qveS myofi<br />
teritoriia bunebis dacvaze. aRniSnuli organizaciebi arian: REC kavkasia, WWF da<br />
yvela sxva Sesabamisi adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizacia.<br />
axalcixis da aspinZis municipalitetebi: municipaluri organoebis interesebi<br />
moicavs zegavlena sazogadoebriv janmrTelobaze da garemoze, agreTve <strong>proeqti</strong>dan<br />
miRebuli sargeblianoba. adgilobrivi municipaluri organoebi Seagroveben<br />
yovelwlirad gadasaxads uZrav qonebaze, romelic Seadgens hidroeleqtro sadguris<br />
mTliani aqtivebis Rirebulebis 1%-s.<br />
5.2 sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegma<br />
sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegma unda moicavdes<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTvas ESIA-is saqmianobaSi da <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
ganxorcielebaSi. Tavdapirveli saqmianoba sazogadoebis CarTvisaTvis proeqtSi<br />
ganxorcielda adgilze vizitis droa 2009 wlis TebervalSi (ix suraTebi 5.1. da<br />
5.2.). adgilis kvlevebis dros, uzrunvelyofil iyo <strong>proeqti</strong>s Sesaxeb Tavdapirveli<br />
informaciis miwodeba sazogadoebisaTvis da sazogdoebis kiTxvebze Sesabamisi pasuxebis<br />
gacema. garda amisa, momzadda sainformacio furceli, romelic moicavs ZiriTad<br />
informacia <strong>proeqti</strong>s da garemos da socialuri zegavlenis sakiTxebs da daurigdaT<br />
Sesabamis dainteresebul mxareebs. furceli moicavs <strong>proeqti</strong>s mokle aRwerilobas,<br />
potenciur zemoqmedebas garemoze da socialur mdgomareobaze da winsawar informacias<br />
ESIA-is procesis Sesaxeb.<br />
50
suraTi 5.1. kiTxva pasuxi pirveli vizitis dros adgilze<br />
51
suraTi 5.2. soflis macxovreblebi sofel sayuneTSi<br />
sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da informaciis gacemis gegmis farglebSi<br />
damatebiT Sedgeba ori Sexvedra dainteresebul mxareebTan. pirveli maTgani (ESIA-is<br />
ganmsazRvreli Sexvedra) gaimarTeba axalcixeSi 12 ivniss 13:00 saaTze. aRniSnuli<br />
Sexvdris mizans Seadgens sazogadoebisaTvis <strong>proeqti</strong>s wardgena da ESIA-is procesis<br />
detalebis ganxilva Sesabamis dainteresebul pirebTan. potenciurad zegavlenis qveS<br />
myofi soflebis macxovrelbeli mowveuli iqnebian Sexvedraze, romelic Sedgeba<br />
raionis administraciis SenobaSi. <strong>proeqti</strong>s detalebTan dakavSirebul prezentaciasTan<br />
da ESIA-is moculobasTan erTad gaimarTeba msjeloba proeqtTan dakavSirebuli<br />
kiTxvebisaTvis pasuxis gasacemad da garemoze da socialur viTarebaze zegavlenis<br />
sakiTxebze. yvela Sesabamisi saqmianoba (Sexvedris monawileTa sia, Sexvedris fotoebi,<br />
oqmi da proeqtTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebebi) sazogadoebasTan Sexvedris dros iqneba<br />
dokumenturad dafiqsirebuli.<br />
meore Sexvedra sazogadoebis monawileobiT Sedgeba ESIA-is angariSis <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
wardgenis dros. meore Sexvedria mizans Seadgnes sazogadoebis da sxva dainteresebuli<br />
52
mxaris informireba <strong>proeqti</strong>s detalebze da <strong>proeqti</strong>s zegavlena garemosa da socialur<br />
viTarebaze. prezentaciebi ESIA-is <strong>proeqti</strong>s daskvnebTan erTad da Sesabamisi msjeloba<br />
gaimarTeba meore Sexvedris dros. rogorc amas adgili hqonda pirveli Sevedrisas<br />
sazogadoebasTan, yvela Sesabamisi saqmianoba (rogoricaa monawileTa sia, sexvedris<br />
fotoebi, Sexvedris oqmebi da Sesabamisi dokumentebi proeqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />
gakeTebuli gancxadebebis Sesaxeb), romelic sazogadoebasTan Sexvedrisas moxda, iqneba<br />
dokumenturad dafiqsirebuli.<br />
5.3 saCivrebis miwodebis meqanizmi<br />
ESIA-is procesis mniSvnelovan meqanizms warmoadgens saCivrebis wardgenis<br />
meqanizmi radganac igi warmoadgens sazogadoebis SeniSvnebs da saCivrebs proeqtTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. rogorc aRiniSna, saboloo mizans Seadgens saCivrebis da problemebis<br />
Semcireba, romlebic proeqtTan aris dakavSirebuli, Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis<br />
ganxorcielebis saSualebiT. saCivrebis wardgenis meqanizmi iqneba sazogadod cnobili<br />
sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis da saoperacio fazebis dros.<br />
rogorc praqtikuli meTodi, uflebamosili piri saCivrebis meqanizmTan<br />
dakavSirebiT aris <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli mtkvris hidroeleqtro sadguris <strong>proeqti</strong>s<br />
farglebSi, warmodgenilia saaqcio sazogadoebiT “kavkasiis energia da<br />
infrastruqtura”. amitom, saCivrebis meqanizmTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis<br />
ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli iqneba <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli.<br />
sazogadoebis saCivrebis umetesoba, rogorc mosalodnelia, iqneba samSeneblo<br />
periodis ganmavlobaSi, radganac yvelaze meti zegavlena garemoze xmauris, mtvris<br />
nawilakebis saxiT, romelic Seawuxebs adgilobriv mosaxleobas, mosalodnelia am<br />
periodis ganmavlobaSi. saCivrebis Semadgenloba umetesad daukavSirdeba janmrTelobis<br />
problemebs da garemos usafrTxoebas, Seusabamobas standartebTan da samarTlebriv<br />
valdebulebebTan, bunebis dazianebas, araeTikur qcevas da msgavs sakiTxebs.<br />
<strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli miiRebs msgavs saCivrebs amisaTvis Camoyalibebuli<br />
meqanizmis farglebSi. mas Semdeg, rac saCivari iqneba miRebuli <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobelis<br />
mier, Sefasdeba misi Sesabamisoba da Tuki dadasturdeba misi Seusabamisoba, im pirs,<br />
romelmac Seitana saCivari proeqtTan dakavSirebiT, gaegzavneba werilobiTi pasuxi. im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saCivari CaiTvleba samarTlianad, <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli<br />
53
ganaxorcielebs kvlevas im saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic moyvanilia saCivarSi<br />
im mizniT, raTa Sefasdes iyo Tu ara raime Seusabamoba aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT. Tu<br />
pasuxi iqneba dadebiT, <strong>proeqti</strong>s mflobeli miiRebs Sesabamis zomebs imisaTvis, rom<br />
dadebiTad gadaWras problema.<br />
Semdgomi detalebi sazogadoebsaTan konsultaciebis Sesaxeb da informaciis<br />
Sesaxeb, Setanil iqneba ESIA-is saboloo angariSSi.<br />
54