Tavi IX. koWebi da transformatorebi Fferomagnituri gulariT ... - ieeetsu
Tavi IX. koWebi da transformatorebi Fferomagnituri gulariT ... - ieeetsu
Tavi IX. koWebi da transformatorebi Fferomagnituri gulariT ... - ieeetsu
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<strong>Tavi</strong> <strong>IX</strong>. <strong>koWebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>transformatorebi</strong><br />
<strong>Fferomagnituri</strong> <strong>gulariT</strong><br />
9.1. ZiriTadi debulebebi, Tanafardobebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>Tavi</strong>seburebani<br />
1. transformatori ewodeba eleqtroteqnikur <strong>da</strong>nadgars,<br />
romelic uzrunvelyofs Zabvis amaRlebas, <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>blebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> rig SemTxvevaSi sixSiris Secvlas. mas gaaCnia ori<br />
an ramdenime gragnili, romlebic moTavsebulia erT<br />
feromagnitur magnitogamtarze. mis gragnilebs Soris<br />
arsebobs mxolod induqciuri kavSiri.<br />
2. wrfivi ewodeba transformators, Tu magnitogamtari<br />
<strong>da</strong>mzadebulia araferomagnituri masalisagan. am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi transformatori warmoadgens wredis wrfiv<br />
elements.<br />
feromagnituri gularis Semcvel transformatorSi<br />
(nax. m.9.1.) ganasxvaveben <strong>gulariT</strong> SemrTvel ZiriTad<br />
magnitur nakads Φ 0 , romelic<br />
SeWidebulia tran<br />
sformatoris rogorc<br />
pirvelad W 1 , aseve meorad<br />
W 2 gragnilebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> sahaero gziT SemrTveli<br />
pirveladi<br />
nax. m.9.1 <strong>da</strong> meoradi Φ<br />
2s<br />
gragnilebis<br />
gambnev magnitur nakadebs, Sesabamisad.<br />
W1<br />
3. transformaciis koeficients uwodeben fardobas;<br />
W2<br />
4. koWebs feromagnitur <strong>gulariT</strong> ewodeba droseli.<br />
droselebSi ganasxvaveben magnitur nakadebs: Φ 0 - Ziri-<br />
Tadi magnituri nakadi, romelic ikvreba foladis<br />
gularSi; Φ s _gabnevis magnituri nakadi, romelic<br />
ikvreba haerSi;<br />
5. feromagnituri gularis Semcvel wredebSi (“foladis”<br />
Semcvel wredebSi) magnituri nakadi mTlianad an nawilobriv<br />
Tavsdeba erT an ramdenime gularSi;<br />
6. magnitur nakads Ф <strong>da</strong> i dens Soris ar aris pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />
proporciuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuloba;<br />
7. araxazovani <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba iwvevs denis <strong>da</strong> emZ-is mrudis<br />
formis <strong>da</strong>maxinjebas;<br />
Φ<br />
1s<br />
85
8. induqtiuroba ar aris mudmivi sidide <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
denis Zalaze ;<br />
9. feromagnitur gularis Semcvel wredebSi Zabvis gantodi<br />
d<br />
leba u ir L un<strong>da</strong> Seicvalos u ir gantolebiT<br />
dt<br />
dt<br />
10. feromagnituri <strong>gulariT</strong> cvladi denis magnituri nakadis<br />
Sekvra <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia energiis <strong>da</strong>xarjvasTan, romelic<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba siTboSi.<br />
11. <strong>da</strong>nakargebi feromagnitur gularSi<br />
manitur histerezisze simZlavris <strong>da</strong>nakargebi ganisaz_<br />
Rvreba empiriuli formuliT<br />
P f 2 f<br />
Bm<br />
Bm<br />
. (9.1)<br />
G 100 100<br />
Tu induqcia icvleba 1-<strong>da</strong>n 1,6 tl-as (10000-<strong>da</strong>n gausi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
(gs) 16000-mde) sazRvrebSi, maSin wina formulis nacvlad<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT<br />
P<br />
2 f<br />
h Bm<br />
, (9.2)<br />
G 100<br />
xolo <strong>da</strong>nakargebi grigalur denebze gamoiTvleba<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
2<br />
P<br />
2 f<br />
100 <br />
g Bm<br />
, (9.3)<br />
G <br />
P / G _ gularis 1 kg wonasTan, Sefardebuli kuTri<br />
<strong>da</strong>nakargebia, vt;<br />
_ cikluri sixSire, hc;<br />
B _ magnituri induqciis amplitu<strong>da</strong>, tl;<br />
m<br />
, ,<br />
h , g _ koeficientebi, romelTa mniSvnelobebi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
masalis markaze, gularis formaze<br />
<strong>da</strong> zomebze.<br />
9.2. sakontrolo kiTxvebi<br />
1. ras ewodeba: transformatori; wrfivi transformatori<br />
<strong>da</strong> droseli?<br />
2. ra saxis eleqtromamoZravebeli Zalebis zemoqmedebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia transformatoris ageba?<br />
3. sinusoi<strong>da</strong>luri reJimis dros rogor Caiwereba Zabvis<br />
formula induqciurad Sembul koWaSi?<br />
86
di1 di2<br />
pasuxi: Zabva uL1 L1 M ;<br />
dt<br />
dt<br />
kompleqsur formaSi<br />
UL1 jL1 I1 jMI<br />
2 , amasTan Tu urTierTinduqciuroba<br />
M 0 , maSin <strong>koWebi</strong> Tanxvedrad aris SerTuli; Tu<br />
M 0 - sapirispiroT.<br />
4. ra aris urTierTinduqciuroba?<br />
9..3. <strong>Fferomagnituri</strong> <strong>gulariT</strong> Semcveli <strong>koWebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>transformatorebi</strong>s gamoTvlis zogadi meTodika<br />
9.4. tipiuri amocanebis amoxsnis magaliTebi<br />
magaliTi 9.4.1<br />
cnobilia, rom f 1 50 hc simZlavris <strong>da</strong>nakargi liTon-<br />
Si P 1l 1, 5 vt/kg , xolo f 2 100 hc simZlavris <strong>da</strong>nakargi<br />
Seadgens<br />
P<br />
2l 4<br />
vt/kg . <strong>da</strong>yaviT <strong>da</strong>nakargebi gamowveuli<br />
magnituri histerezisiT <strong>da</strong> grigaluri veliT Tu magnituri<br />
induqcia ucvlelia<br />
amoxsna<br />
magnituri histerezisiT gamowveli <strong>da</strong>nakargebi, roca<br />
B m const sixSiris pir<strong>da</strong>pir proporciulia formulebi<br />
(9.1) <strong>da</strong> (9.2), xolo grigaluri veliT gamowveli <strong>da</strong>nakargebi<br />
sixSiris kvadratis proporciulia (9.3), amitom<br />
2<br />
1l 1 1<br />
5<br />
P a<br />
f b<br />
f 50a<br />
2500b<br />
1, vt/kg ;<br />
2<br />
2l 2 2<br />
4<br />
P a<br />
f b<br />
f 100a<br />
10000b<br />
vt/kg ,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c a <strong>da</strong> b - mudmivi koeficientebia, romlebic <strong>da</strong>moki<br />
debulia lionis sortze <strong>da</strong> magnituri induqciis<br />
sidideze.<br />
am ori gantolebebis amoxsnisas, vipoviT a <strong>da</strong> b mniSvnelobebs:<br />
a 0,02 j/kg ; b 0, 02 jwm/kg<br />
.<br />
saZiebeli sidideebi:<br />
roca f 1 50 hc<br />
87
oca<br />
P 1h a<br />
f1<br />
0,0250<br />
1 vt/kg ;<br />
2<br />
4<br />
P 1g b<br />
f1<br />
210<br />
2500<br />
0, 5 vt/kg ;<br />
f 1 100 hc<br />
P a<br />
f 0,02100<br />
vt/kg ;<br />
2h 2 2<br />
2<br />
4<br />
P 2g b<br />
f2<br />
210<br />
10000<br />
2 vt/kg ;<br />
magaliTi m. 9.4.2<br />
liTonis RerZis Semcveli koWa (eleqtromagniti) Ser-<br />
Tulia Zabvis wyarosTan U 1 100 v . am SemTxvevaSi koWaSi<br />
gadis I 1 5 a deni, romelic Zabvis fazas CamorCeba 1<br />
kuTxiT, amasTan cos 1 0, 7 . igive koWa foladis RerZis<br />
gareSe mierTebulia imave Zabvis wyarosTan <strong>da</strong> moixmars<br />
I 2 10 a dens. am SemTxvevaSi deni Zabvis fazas CamorCeba<br />
2 kuTxiT, amasTan cos 2 0, 9 .<br />
1. gansazRvreT <strong>da</strong>nakargebi liTonSi <strong>da</strong> spilenZSi.<br />
2. aageT veqtoruli diagrama roca koWa Seicavs<br />
liTonis RerZs.<br />
3. agebuli diagramis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT gansazRvreT liTois<br />
RerZis Semcveli koWas Canacvlebis sqemis r 0 <strong>da</strong><br />
x 0 parametrebi, <strong>da</strong> koWaSi aRZruli emZ.<br />
amoxsna<br />
roca koWa ar Seicavs liTois RerZs simZlavris <strong>da</strong>nakargebs<br />
ganapirobebs mxolod mavTulis spilenZi, anu<br />
2<br />
2 r<br />
U1<br />
I2<br />
cos<br />
2<br />
I .<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n koWas mavTulis aqtiuri winaRobaa<br />
U<br />
r <br />
1<br />
cos<br />
2<br />
I<br />
2<br />
9 om .<br />
roca koWa Seicavs liTonis RerZs, maSin koWaSi<br />
moixmareba simZlavres<br />
P 1 U<br />
1 I 1 cos 1 10050,7<br />
350 vt .<br />
am simZlavris nawili<br />
2<br />
koWa I1 r<br />
225<br />
P<br />
vtixarjeba spilen-<br />
ZSi <strong>da</strong>nakargebze, xolo meore nawili - liTois RerZSi:<br />
88
P l P1 PkoWa<br />
350 225 125<br />
vt .<br />
Tu liTonis Semcveli koWaSo veli ar gaibneva, maSin<br />
Canacvlebis ekvivalenturi mimdevrobiTi sqema moyvanilia<br />
nax. m.9.2 –ze.<br />
nax. m.9.2<br />
nax. m.9.3<br />
nax. m.9.3 –ze moyvanilia liTonis Semcveli<br />
koWas veqtoruli diagrama, sa<strong>da</strong>c 0 aris<br />
ZiriTadi magnituri nakadi romelic gadis<br />
<strong>da</strong> ikvreba magnituri <strong>gulariT</strong>.<br />
veqtoruli diagrami<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinareobs<br />
rom modebuli Zabvis aqtiuri mdgeneli<br />
gamoiTvleba gamosaxulebiT<br />
U1 cos 1 I1<br />
(<br />
r r0<br />
),<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />
U cos<br />
1<br />
1000,7<br />
r <br />
I<br />
5<br />
1<br />
0 <br />
<br />
1<br />
r<br />
diagrami<strong>da</strong>n Cans, rom<br />
U<br />
1 sin<br />
1 I 1 x 0<br />
U1<br />
sin1<br />
1000,715<br />
<strong>da</strong> maSin x <br />
I1<br />
5<br />
koWaSi aRZruli emZ sidide:<br />
2<br />
2<br />
0 <br />
E k I1 Z0<br />
I1<br />
r0<br />
x0<br />
5<br />
5 14,3<br />
75, 7 v .<br />
2<br />
2<br />
5om<br />
.<br />
14,3 om<br />
9.5. <strong>da</strong>skvna<br />
89
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