mebostneoba

uzrunvelyofen memkvidreobiTi informaciis stabilurobas da gadacemas
Semdeg TaobebSi.
birTvaki metad mkvrivi sxeulia, naxevrad myari. bioqimiurad igi
robonukleinis mJavis maRal koncentracias Seicavs, rac
fosforoproteidebTan aris dakavSirebuli. formiT birTvaki SeiZleba iyos
sferuli an sxva formis. birTvakis zoma ujredis funqcionalur
mdgomareobazea damokidebuli. birTvakSi warmoiSveba ribosomebi da aqedan
isini citoplazmis sxvadasxva nawilebSi gadadian.
Uujredis gayofa-gamravleba
U ujredi gayofiT mravldeba. ujredis dayofis ori ZiriTadi wesia:
pirdapiri - amitozuri da arapirdapiri _ mitozuri, romelic Tavis mxriv
orgvaria - kariokinezuli da meiozuri.
A ujredis pirdapiri gayofa, anu amitozi _ es ujredis pirdapiri dayofaa,
romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli romelime fazis gavlasTan. is xasiaTdeba
birTvis gadasvliT, zogjer citoplazmis dayofis gareSec. amitozi yvelaze
xSirad axasiaTebs umdables mcenareebs an umaRlesi mcenaris avadmyof,
gadagvarebul ujredebs. igi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: deda ujredis birTvi Sua
welSi Seviwrovdeba, Seviwroebul adgilze birTvi iyofa, rasac ujredis
gayofac mohyveba. aseTi wesiT, deda ujredidan ori Svileuli ujredi
warmoiSoba. magaliTad, amitozis gziT, SeiZleba izrdebodes endospermis
ujredebis raodenoba TeslSi.
M ujredis kariokinezuli anu mitozuri gayofa. gayofis es wesi umaRlesi
mcenaris Semadgenel ujredebs axasiaTebs.
ujredis kariokinezuli gayofa rTulia - iwyeba birTvSi rTuli
gardaqmnebiT da mimdinareobs fazebad.
kariokinezis fazebi Semdegia: 1. profaza; 2. metafaza; 3. anafaza; 4.
telofaza. gayofamde ujredis mdgomareobas interfaza an interkinezi
ewodeba.
interfazaSi birTvi Cveulebrivi formisaa da erTgvarovani, homogenuri
agebuleba aqvs. birTvSi erTi an ramdenime birTvakia. am dros ujredSi xdeba
rTuli bioqimiuri procesi - dnm-is gaormageba, martivi cilebis sinTezi, rac
mitozisTvis aucilebelia.
mitozi ujredis dayofis ZiriTadi saxea, romlis drosac qromosomebi
ormagdeba da Semdeg ATanabrad nawildeba or Svilobil ujredSi. TiToeuli
ujredi miiRebs qromosomebisa da genebis igive Semadgenlobas, rogoric
hqonda sawyis deda ujreds.
M meiozi anu ujredis reduqciuli gayofa. meiozi ujredis gayofis
gansakuTrebuli wesia, romelic umaRles mcenareTa mxolod im ujredebSi
xdeba, romlebic sporebs warmoqmnian. meiozis Tavisebureba isaa, rom erTi
deda ujredidan oTxi Svileuli ujredi warmoiqmneba, qromosomebis
ganaxevrebuli _ hiploiduri ricxviT.
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