scientific names/common names; common names/scientific names

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HERBALS (SCIENTIFIC NAMES/COMMON NAMES;
COMMON NAMES/SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Acacia senegal acacia; gum arabic
Achillea collina chamomile, European
Achillea lanulosa chamomile, North American
Achillea millefolium chamomile yarrow; soldier’s
woundwort; nosebleed; milfoil
Aconitum carmichaeli aconite; fu tzu; monkshood; aconite
fisheri, wolfsbane
Acorus americanus North American calamus; type I
calamus
Acorus calamus calamus; type II calamus; sweet
flag; sweet sedge
Actaea arguta baneberry
Actaea spicata herb christopher
Adonis vernalis adonis
Agastache rugosa agastache; patchouli; pogostemon
Agathosma betulina buchu
Agrimonia eupatoria agrimony; sticklewort; cocklebur
Alchemilla xanthochlora lady’s mantle
Aletris farinosa unicorn root
Alisma plantago-aquatica alisma; marsh drain; water plantain
Alkanna tinctoria alkanet
Allium ampeloprasum leek
Allium ascalonicum shallot
Allium cepa onion
Allium fistulosum scallion
Allium sativa garlic
Aloe barbadensis aloe; kumari
Aloysia triphylla lemon verbena
Althaea rosea hollyhock; althea
Amanita muscaria fly agaric
Amanita phalloides deadly agaric
Amaranthus caudatus love lies bleeding
Amaranthus hybridus amaranth; red cockscomb
Ammi visagna greater ammi; toothpick ammi
Amomum villosum amomum; grains-of-paradise;
cardamom
Anemarrhena asphodeloides anemarrhena
Anethum graveolens dill; dillweed
Angelica archangelica angelica, American
Angelica polymorpha dong quai; dang gui; tang kuei
Angelica sinensis dong quai; tang kwei
Apium graveolens celery; celeriac
Aralia racemosa spikenard
Arctium lappa burdock; great burdock; lappa;
bardane; beggar’s button
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi uva ursi; bearberry
Arnica montana arnica; leopard’s bane
Artemisia absinthium absinthe
Artemisia vulgaris mugwort; moxa
Asarium heterotropoides wild ginger; xi xin
APP 161
Asclepias tuberosa pleurisy root; butterfly weed
Aspalathus linearis red bush tea; rooibos tea
Asparagus officinalis asapargus; sparrowgrass
Astragalus membranaceus astragalus; huang chi; milk vetch
root; bok kay; goat thorn
Atractylodes macrocephala pai shu; atractylodes
Atropa belladonna belladonna; deadly nightshade
Aucklandia lappa aucklandia; saussurea; costus root
Avena sativa oats; oat bran; oat groats
Azadirachta indica neem tree; azedarach; Melia; nim;
margosa
Baptisia tinctoria baptisia; wild indigo; indigoweed
Berberis vulgaris barberry; pipperidge bush; berberry
Betonica officinalis wood betony
Biota orientalis biota; arborvitae
Borago officinalis borage; burrage
Brassica alba mustard, white
Brassica nigra mustard, black or brown
Bryonia alba bryonia; wild hops
Bupleurum falcatum bupleurum; ch’ai hu
Calendula officinalis marigold
Camellia sinensis tea; black tea
Capparis spinosa capers
Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd’s purse
Capsicum frutescens cayenne pepper; chili pepper;
capsicum
Carica papaya papaya; papain
Carthamus tinctorius safflower; hong hua; red flower
Carum carvi caraway
Cassia senna senna; Tinnevelley senna
Catha edulis khat
Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh; papoose root;
squaw root
Centella asiatica gotu kola; hydrocotyle; Indian
pennywort
Centranthus ruber red valerian
Cephaelis ipecacuanha ipecacuanha; ipecac
Cetraria islandica Iceland moss; Iceland lichen
Chamaelirium luteum false unicorn; helonias
Chamaemelum nobile chamomile; Roman chamomile;
English chamomile
Chamomilla recutita chamomile; Hungarian chamomile;
single chamomile
Chelidonium majus celandine; greater celandine
Chenopodium ambrosoides epazote; Mexican wormseed;
American wormseed
Chicorium intybus chicory; succory
Chimaphilia umbellata pipsissewa; prince pine;
ground holly
Chionanthus virginicus fringe tree
Chondrus crispus Irish moss; carageenan

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APP 162 HERBALS
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Chrysanthemum morifolium chrysanthemum; chu hua
Cicuta maculata water hemlock (poisonous)
Cimicifuga racemosa black cohosh, black snake root,
bugbane, rattleroot, sheng ma
Cinchona spp. quinine; cinchona bark; Peruvian
bark; quina, quinaquina,
quinquina; Jesuits’ bark
Cinnamomum camphora camphor; gum camphor; laurel
camphor
Cinnamomum cassia chinese cinnamon bark; Chinese
cinnamon twig; cassia twig
Cinnamomum zeylanicum cinnamon
Citrus reticulata citrus peel; chen pi; tangerine peel
Claviceps purpurea ergot
Cnicus benedictus blessed thistle; holy thistle;
St. Benedict’s thistle;
Benedictine (liqueur)
Cocos nucifera coconut; coconut palm
Codonopsis pilosula don sen; tang shen; codonopsis root
Coffea arabica coffee
Coix lachryma jobi coix; Job’s tears
Cola nitida kola; cola; kola nut, kolanut; guru nut
Collinsonia canadensis collinsonia; stoneroot
Commiphora
madagascariensis Abyssinian myrrh
Commiphora molmol Somalian myrrh
Commiphora myrrha myrrh; guggul
Consolida regalis larkspur
Convallaria majalis lily of the valley
Convolvulus scammonia scammany; Mexican scammany;
scammony
Convolvulus spp. bush morning glory
Coptis chinensis coptis; Chinese goldthread
Coriander sativum coriander
Cornus officinalus cornus; Asiatic cornelian cherry;
Asiatic dogwood
Corydalis yanhusuo corydalis
Crataegus laevigata hawthorn
Crocus sativus saffron
Croton tiglium croton oil
Cryptotympana atrata cicada (insect)
Cucurbita maxima autumn squash seeds
Cucurbita moschata Canada pumpkin; crookneck squash
Cucurbita popo pumpkin seeds; pepo
Cuminum cymium cumin
Curcuma longa turmeric
Cuscuta chinensis cuscuta; Chinese dodder
Cydonia japonica flowering quince
Cymbopogon citratus lemongrass
Cyperus rotundus cyperus; sedge root; nut-grass
rhizome
Cypripedium calceoulus lady slipper; nerveroot
Cytisus scoparius broom; broom top; Scotch broom;
Scotch bloom
Datura stramonium datura; stink weed; thorn apple;
jimson weed; Jamestown weed
Digitalis purpurea foxglove
Dioscorea floribunda Mexican wild yam
Dioscorea opposita Chinese yam
Dioscorea paniculata wild yam; colicroot;
rheumatism root
Dioscorea villosa colic root; American wild yam
Echinacea angustifolia echinacea; coneflower;
narrow-leaved purple cone flower;
purple cone flower; prairie
Elettaria cardamomum cardamom
Eleutherococcus senticosus Siberian ginseng; eleutherococcus;
flower;eleuthero; ciwujia; wujiaseng
Ephedra nevadensis Mormon tea; popotillo; Brigham tea;
teamster tea; squaw tea
Ephedra sinica ma huang; ephedra; desert tea
Epimedium pimedium
grandiflorum epimedium; lusty goatherb
Equisetum arvense horsetail
Equisetum palustre European horsetail
Eriobotrya japonica loquat
Eriodictyon californicum yerba santa; holy herb;
mountain balm
Erythroxylum coca coca; cocaine
Eschscholzia californica California poppy
Eucalyptus globulus eucalyptus; blue gum tree
Eucommia ulmoides eucommia bark
Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset; feverwort; thoroughwort
Eupatorium purpureum gravel root; Joe-Pye weed;
queen of the meadow
Euphorbia longana longan berries; long yen rou;
dragon’s eyes
Euphorbia spp. eyebright; spurge
Euphrasia officinalis eyebright; euphrasy
Evodia rutaecarpa evodia fruit
Ferula asafoetida asafoetida; devil’s dung;
gum asafetida
Foeniculum vulgare fennel
Fucus vesiculosus kelp; bladderwrack
Galium aparine cleavers; clivers; goose grass;
bedstraw
Ganoderma lucidum ganoderma; ling zhi; reishi
Garcinia cambogia garcinia; Malabar tamarind
Gastrodia elata gastrodia; heavenly hemp
Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina jessamine; yellow jasmine
Gentiana lutea gentian; Angostura Bitters
Gentiana scabra gentiana
Geranium maculatum cranesbill root; wild geranium;
storksbill; alumroot
Gillenia trifoliata Indian physic
Ginkgo biloba ginkgo; ginkgo nut; maidenhair tree
Glycyrrhiza glabra liquorice, licorice; gan t’sao
Gonolobus condurango condurango
Gratiola spp. hedge hyssop

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Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel
Harpagophytum procumbens devil’s claw; wood spider;
grapple plant
Hedeoma pulegioides pennyroyal
Hemidesmus indicus false sarsaparilla; Indian sarsaparilla
Hibiscus sabdariffa hibiscus; roselle; Sudanese tea;
red tea; Jamaica sorrel
Hordeum vulgare barley; pearl barley; prelate
Humulus lupulus hops
Hydrangea arborescens hydrangea; seven barks
Hydrastis canadensis goldenseal; puccoon root;
yellowroot; hydrastis
Hyoscyamus niger henbane
Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort
Hyssopus officinalis hyssop
Ignatia amara St. Ignatius bean
Ilex cassine yaupon hollies
Ilex paraguariensis maté
Indigofera tinctoria indigo
Inula helenium elecampane; scabwort; elf dock;
horseheal
Ipomoea purpurea morning glory
Iris versicolor poison flag; wild iris; blue flag;
flag lily; fleur-de-lis; liver lily
Juglans nigra walnut, black
Juniperus communis juniper
Lactuca virosa lettuce opium; lactucarium;
wild lettuce
Larrea tridentata chapparal; creosote bush; greasewood
Laurelis nobilis bay
Lavandula angustifolia lavender; garden lavender
Ledebouriella divaricata sileris; fang feng
Ledum palustre marsh tea
Lentinula edodes shiitake
Leonurus cardiaca motherwort; lion’s-tail; mother herb;
yi mu cao
Leptandra virginica Culver root; black root; physic root
Levisticum officinale lovage; Maggi plant
Ligusticum chuanxiong cnidium; chuanxiong; Chinese lovage
Ligustrum lucidum privet fruit; ligustrum
Liquidambar spp. sweet gum
Liriosma ovata muira puama; potency wood
Lobelia inflata lobelia; Indian tobacco; pukeweed
Lobelia spp. eyebright
Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle; yin hua
Lycium chinensis lycii; gay gee; lycium fruit
Lycopodium clavatum club moss
Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria Spanish fly; Russian fly
Magnolia lilliflora magnolia buds
Mahonia aquifolium barberry; Oregon grape
Malva sylvestris malva; marshmallow; marsh mallow
Marrubium vulgare horehound; hoarhound
Matricaria recutita chamomile; German chamomile;
Hungarian chamomile
HERBALS
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
APP 163
Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern
Medicago sativa alfalfa; lucerne
Melaleuca alternifolia tea tree; tea tree oil
Melaleuca leucadendron cajuput; cajeput; punk tree;
white tea tree; tea tree
Melissa officinalis lemon balm; melissa; balm
Mentha haplocalyx field mint
Mentha piperata peppermint
Mentha pulegium pennyroyal, European
Mentha spicata spearmint; garden mint
Mitchella repens squawvine; partridgeberry
Morus alba mulberry; white mulberry
Myrica cerifera bayberry; candleberry; waxberry;
myrtle; wax myrtle
Myrica pennsylvanica bayberry
Myristica fragrans nutmeg
Nasturtium officinale watercress
Nepeta cataria catnip; catmint
Ocimum basilicum basil
Oenothera biennis evening primrose; sundrops
Ophiopogon japonicus Japanese turf lily; creeping lily root;
dwarf lilyturf
Oplopanax horridus devil’s club
Origanum majorana marjoram
Oryza sativa rice; rice bran
Paeonia lactiflora peony; shao-yao
Panax ginseng ginseng, Asian; jen sheng;
shiu chu root; ren sheng
Panax notoginseng tienchi; notoginseng root
Panax pseudo-ginseng san qui ginseng; tienchi ginseng;
sanchi ginseng
Panax quinquefolius ginseng, American
Papaver rhoeas poppy, red
Papaver somniferum poppy, opium
Parthenium integrifolium prairie dock
Passiflora incarnata passion flower; passionflower
Paullinia cupana guarana
Pausinystalia yohimba yohimbe
Periploca sepium silk vine
Petroselinum crispum parsley
Pfaffia paniculata suma; para toda; Brazilian ginseng
Phoradendron leucarpum American mistletoe
Phyllanthus emblica myrobalan, emblic; triphala;
Indian gooseberry
Physostigma venenosum physostigma
Phytolacca americana poke; pokeweed; pokeroot
Pimenta officinalis pimento; pimenta; allspice
Pimpinella anisum anise; aniseed
Pinus mugo dwarf pine (oil); mugo pine
Pinus pinaster Pycnogenol
Piper methysticum kava; kava kava; kawa
Piper nigrum black pepper

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APP 164 HERBALS
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Plantago lanceolata plantago; Englishman’s foot;
greater plantain; ribwort
Plantago ovata psyllium; ispaghul
Platycodon grandiflorum platycodon; jie geng
Podophyllum peltatum mayapple; mandrake;
vegetable calomel; devil’s-apple
Polygonum bistoria bistort; snakeweed; adderwort;
dragonwort
Polygonum multiflorum fo-ti; he-shou-wu; ho shou wu;
fleece-flower root
Polygala senega senega snakeroot; Seneca snakeroot;
senega
Populus balsamifera balm of Gilead; quaking aspen;
white poplar
Poria cocos fu ling
Prunus africana pygeum
Prunus armeniaca apricot pit; laetrile; vitamin B17;
amygdalin; ku xing ren; persica;
apricot kernel oil
Prunus persica persic oil; peach kernel oil
Prunus serotina wild cherry bark
Prunus virginiana chokecherry
Ptychopetalum olacoides muira puama; potency wood
Pueraria lobata pueraria; ko ken; kudzu; kuzu root
Pulmonaria angustifolia lungwort; blue cowslip
Pulsatilla nigricans windflower
Puschkina scilloides
libanotica squill, Lebanon
Quercus spp. acorn; oak
Quillaja saponaria quillaja; soapbark
Ranunculus ficaria pilewort
Ranunculus spp. buttercup; ranunculus
Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish
Rauwolfia serpentina rauwolfia
Rehmannia glutinosa rehmannia; sok day; san day;
Chinese floxglove root
Rhamnus cathartica buckthorn; common buckthorn
Rhamnus purshiana cascara sagrada; sacred bark;
chittem bark
Rheum palmatum rhubarb; Chinese rhubarb; da huang;
Turkey rhubarb; garden rhubarb
Rhus toxicodendron poison ivy
Rhus venenata poison sumac
Ribes nigrum European currant
Ricinus communis castor-oil plant; castor bean;
palma Christi
Rosa canina rose hip
Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary
Rubus idaeus raspberry
Rubus fruticosus blackberry
Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel
Rumex crispus yellow dock; broad leaved dock;
curly dock; sourdock; curled dock
Rumex hymenosepalus canaigre; wild red American
ginseng; wild red desert ginseng;
Indian tan plant
Ruscus aculeatus butcher’s-broom; box holly;
knee holly; Knee holy;
pettier; sweet broom
Ruta graveolens rue; garden rue
Sabbatia spp. eyebright
Salix alba willow; white willow
Salvia miltiorrhiza salvia; dang shen
Salvia officinalis sage
Sambucus niger elder
Sambucus racemosa red elder
Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot; redroot; red Indian paint;
tetterwort
Sanguisorba minor burnet; sanguisorba; salad burnet
Sanguisorba officinalis great burnet
Santalum album sandalwood (oil)
Sargassum pallidum sargassum seaweed
Sassafras albidum sassafras
Satureja hortensis summer savory; Bohnenkraut
Satureja montana winter savory
Schisandra chinensis schisandra
Scilla sibirica squill, Siberian
Scutellaria lateriflora scullcap; skullcap; blue skullcap;
huang chi; scutellaria
Selenicereus grandiflorus night-blooming cereus
Senecio aureus life root; golden senecio; ragwort;
false valerian; squaw weed
Senecio cineraria dusty miller; cineraria
Serenoa repens saw palmetto; sabal
Sessamum indicum sesame (oil)
Silybum marianum milk thistle; Marian thistle;
St. Mary’s thistle;
Our Lady’s thistle
Simmondsia chinensis jojoba oil
Smilax aristolochiaefolia sarsaparilla, Mexican
Smilax febrifuga sarsaparilla, Ecuadorian
Smilax medica sarsaparilla
Smilax ornata sarsaparilla, Jamaican
Smilax regelii sarsaparilla, Honduran
Solanum capsicastrum false Jerusalem cherry
Spartium junceum Spanish broom; gorse
Spiraea spp. spirea
Spirulina maxima spirulina; dihe; tecuitlatl;
blue-green algae
Stachys officinalis betony; wood betony
Stellaria media chickweed; starweed
Sterculia urens sterculia gum; karaya gum
Strophanthus gratus ouabain
Strychnos nux-vomica strychnine
Symphytum asperum prickly comfrey
Symphytum officinale comfrey; knitbone, salsify
Symphytum x uplandicum Russian comfrey
Syzygium aromaticum cloves
Syzygium paniculatum bush cherry

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Tabebuia avellanedae pau d’arco; ipe roxo; lapacho;
taheebo tea; lapacho colorado,
lapacho morado
Tabebuia heptaphylla pau d’arco; lapacho; tabebuia;
purple lapacho
Tagetes spp. marigold
Tamarindus indica tamarind
Tanacetum parthenium feverfew
Tanacetum vulgare tansy, bachelor’s button
Taraxacum mongolicum Chinese dandelion
Taraxacum officinale dandelion
Terminalia bellerica myrobalan, beleric; triphala; bhibitaki
Terminalia chebula myrobalan, chebulic; triphala;
ho-tzu ch
Teucrium canadense common germander; pink skullcap
Theobroma cacao coco; cocoa
Thymus vulgaris thyme
Tilia cordata linden; linden flower; lime flowers
Tilia tomentosa silver linden
Toluifera balsamum tolu; tolu balsam
Trifolium pratense red clover
Trigonella foenum-graecum fenugreek
Triticum aestivum wheat; wheat bran
Tropaeolum spp. nasturtium
Turnera diffusa damiana
Tussilago farfara coltsfoot; coughwort; horsehoof
Ulmus rubra slippery elm; red elm
Uncaria tomentosa cat’s claw; una de gato
Urginea indica Indian squill
Urginea maritima squill; scilla, urginea; sea onion;
red squill; white squill
Urtica dioica nettle; stinging nettle
Usnea barbata usnea; beard lichen; larch moss;
old man’s beard
HERBALS
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
APP 165
Vaccinium macrocarpon cranberry
Vaccinium myrtillus bilberry
Vaccinium oxycoccos European cranberry
Vaccinium spp. blueberry
Valeriana officinalis valerian
Vanilla planifolia vanilla; Bourbon vanilla;
Mexican vanilla
Vanilla tahitensis vanilla; Tahitian vanilla
Verbascum thapsus mullein
Verbena officinalis vervain; blue vervain
Veronica spp. creeping speedwell; veronica
Viburnum opulus cramp bark; Guelder rose;
snowball tree
Viburnum prunifolium black haw, American sloe, stagbush
Vinca rosea periwinkle
Viola odorata violet; sweet violet
Viscum album mistletoe, European
Vitex agnus-castus chaste berries; vitex; monk pepper;
chaste tree; hemp tree
Vitis vinifera grape seed extract
Withania somnifera ashwaganda
Yucca aloifolia yucca; Spanish bayonet;
dagger plant
Yucca brevifolia yucca; Joshua tree
Yucca glauca yucca; soapweed
Yucca schidigera yucca; Mohave yucca
Yucca whipplei yucca; our-Lord’s-candle
Zanthoxylum americanum prickly ash; toothache tree
Zea mays corn (silk); Indian corn; maize;
yumixu; stigmata maydis
Zingiber officinale ginger; Jamaica ginger; African
ginger; Cohin ginger; gan-jian
Ziziphus jujube jujube date; da t’sao

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APP 166 HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
absinthe Artemisia absinthium
Abyssinian myrrh Commiphora madagascariensis
acacia; gum arabic Acacia senegal
aconite fisheri Aconitum carmichaeli
aconite; fu tzu; monkshood; Aconitum carmichaeli
aconite fisheri
acorn; oak Quercus spp.
adderwort Polygonum bistoria
adonis Adonis vernalis
African ginger Zingiber officianale
agastache; patchouli; Agastache rugosa
pogostemon
agrimony; sticklewort; Agrimonia eupatoria
cocklebur
alfalfa; lucerne Medicago sativa
alisma; marsh drain; Alisma plantago-aquatica
water plantain
alkanet Alkanna tinctoria
allspice Pimenta officinalis
aloe; kumari Aloe barbadensis
althea Althea rosea
alumroot Geranium maculatum
amaranth; love lies bleeding; Amaranthus hybridus
red cockscomb
American mistletoe Phoradendron leucarpum
American sloe Viburnum prunifolium
American wild yam Dioscorea villosa
American wormseed Chenopodium ambrosoides
amomum; grains-of- Amomum villosum
paradise; cardamom
amygdalin Prunus armeniaca
anemarrhena Anemarrhena asphodeloides
angelica, American Angelica archangelica
Angostura Bitters Gentiana lutea
anise Pimpinella anisum
aniseed Pimpinella anisum
apricot pit; laetrile; Prunus armeniaca
vitamin B17; amygdalin;
apricot kernel oil;
ku xing ren; persica oil
arborvitae Biota orientalis
arnica; leopard’s bane Arnica montana
asafoetida; devil’s dung; Ferula asafoetida
gum asafetida
asapargus; sparrowgrass Asparagus officinalis
ashwaganda Withania somnifera
Asiatic cornelian cherry Cornus officianalus
Asiatic dogwood Cornus officinalis
astragalus; huang chi; milk Astragalus membranaceus
vetch root; bok kay;
goat thorn
atractylodes Atractylodes macrocephala
aucklandia; saussurea; Aucklandia lappa
costus root
autumn squash seeds Cucurbita maxima
azedarach Azadirachta indica
bachelor’s button Tanacetum vulgare
balm of Gilead; quaking Populus balsamifera
aspen; white poplar
balm Melissa officinalis
baneberry Actaea arguta
baptisia; wild indigo; Baptisia tinctoria
indigoweed
barberry; pipperidge bush Berberis vulgaris
bardane Arctium lappa
barley; pearl barley; prelate Hordeum vulgare
basil Ocimum basilicum
bay Laurelis nobilis
bayberry Myrica pennsylvanica
bayberry; candleberry; Myrica cerifera
waxberry; wax myrtle
bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
beard lichen Usnea barbata
bedstraw Galium aparine
beggar’s button Arctium lappa
belladonna; deadly Atropa belladonna
nightshade
Benedictine (liqueur) Cnicus benedictus
berberis Berberis nervosa
betony; wood betony Stachys officinalis
bhibitaki Terminalia bellerica
bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus
biota; arborvitae Biota orientalis
bistort; snakeweed; Polygonum bistoria
adderwort; dragonwort
blackberry Rubus fruticosus
black cohosh; black snake Cimicifuga racemosa
root; bugbane;
rattle root
black haw; American sloe; Viburnum prunifolium
stagbush
black pepper Piper nigrum
black root Leptandra virginica
black snake root Cimicifuga racemosa
black tea Camellia sinensis
bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus
blessed thistle; holy thistle;
St. Benedict’s thistle;
Benedictine (liqueur) Cnicus benedictus
bloodroot; redroot; Sanguinaria canadensis
red Indian paint; tetterwort
blueberry Vaccinium spp.
blue cohosh; papoose root; Caulophyllum thalictroides
squaw root
blue cowslip Pulmonaria angustifolia
blue flag; flag lily; Iris versicolor
fleur-de-lis; liver lily
blue-green algae Spirulina maxima
blue gum tree Eucalyptus globulus
blue skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora

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blue vervain Verbena officinalis
Bohnenkraut Satureja hortensis
bok kay Astragalus membranaceus
boneset; feverwort; Eupatorium perfoliatum
thoroughwort
borage; burrage Borago officinalis
Bourbon vanilla Vanilla tahitensis
box holly Ruscus aculeatus
Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia paniculata
Brigham tea Ephedra nevadensis
broad leaved dock Rumex crispus
broom top Cytisus scopraius
broom; broom top; Cytisus scoparius
Scotch broom;
Scotch bloom
bryonia; wild hops Bryonia alba
buchu Agathosma betulina
buckthorn; common
buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica
bugbane Cimicifuga racemosa
bupleurum; ch’ai hu Bupleurum falcatum
burdock; great burdock; Arctium lappa
lappa; bardane; beggar button
burnet; sanguisorba; Sanguisorba minor
salad burnet
burrage Borago officinalis
bush cherry Syzygium paniculatum
bush morning glory Convolvulus spp.
butcher’s-broom; box holly; Ruscus aculeatus
knee holly; Kneeholy;
pettier; sweet broom
buttercup; ranunculus Ranunculus spp.
butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa
coco; cocoa Theobroma cacao
cajeput Melaleuca leucadendron
cajuput; cajeput; punk tree; Melaleuca leucadendron
white tea tree; tea tree
calamus; type II calamus; Acorus calamus
sweet flag; sweet sedge
calcium pangamate not biological
California poppy Eschscholzia californica
Camomile; Hungarian Chamomilla recutita
camommile; single
camomile
camphor; gum camphor; Cinnamomum camphora
laurel camphor
Canada pumpkin; Cucurbita moschata
crookneck squash
canaigre; wild red Rumex hymenosepalus
American ginseng;
wild red desert ginseng;
Indian tan plant
candleberry Myrica cerifera
capers Capparis spinosa
capsicum; cayenne pepper; Capsicum frutescens
chili pimiento
HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
carageenan Chondrus crispus
caraway Carum carvi
cardamom Elettaria cardamomum
cardamom Amommum villosum
Carolina jessamine; Gelsemium sempervirens
yellow jasmine
cascara sagrada; Rhamnus purshiana
sacred bark; chittem bark
cassia twig Cinnamomum cassia
castor-oil plant; castor bean; Ricinus communis
palma Christi
cat’s claw; una de gato Uncaria tomentosa
catnip, catmint Nepeta cataria
cayenne pepper Capsicum frutescens
celandine; greater celandine Chelidonium majus
celery; celeriac Apium graveolens
ch’ai hu Bupleurum falcatum
chamomile, European Achillea collina
chamomile; Matricaria recutita
German chamomile;
Hungarian chamomile
chamomile, North American Achillea lanulosa
chamomile; Roman Chamaemelum nobile
chamomile; chamomile
chamomile; yarrow; milfoil Achillea millefolium
chapparal; creosote bush; Larrea tridentata
greasewood
chaste berries; vitex; Vitex agnus-castus
monk pepper; chaste tree;
hemp tree
chen pi Citrus reticulata
chickweed; starweed Stellaria media
chicory; succory Chicorium intybus
chili pepper Capsicum frutescens
Chinese cinnamon bark; Cinnamomum cassia
Chinese cinnamon twig;
cassia twig
Chinese dandelion Taraxacum mongolicum
Chinese dodder Cuscuta chinensis
Chinese floxglove root Rehmannia glut(inos)a
Chinese goldthread Coptis chinensis
Chinese lovage Ligusticum chuanxiong
Chinese rhubarb Rheum palmatum
Chinese yam Dioscorea opposita
chittem bark Rhamnus purshiana
chokecherry Prunus virginiana
chrysanthemum; chu hua Chrysanthemum morifolium
chuanxiong Ligusticum chuanxiong
chu hua Chrysanthemum morifolium
cicada (insect) Cryptotympana atrata
cinchona bark Cinchona spp.
cineraria Senecio cineraria
cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum
APP 167

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APP 168 HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
citrus peel; chen pi; Citrus reticulata
tangerine peel
ciwujia Eleutherococcus senticosus
cleavers; clivers; Galium aparine
goose grass; bedstraw
cloves Syzygium aromaticum
club moss Lycopodium clavatum
cnidium; chuanxiong; Ligusticum chuanxiong
Chinese lovage
coca; cocaine Erythroxylum coca
cocaine Erythroxylum coca
cocklebur Agrimonia eupatoria
cocoa Theobroma cacao
coconut; coconut palm Cocos nucifera
codonopsis root Codonopsis pilosula
coffee Coffea arabica
Cohin ginger -see- ginger Zingiber officianale
coix; Job’s tears Coix lachryma jobi
cola Cola mitida
colic root; American wild yam Dioscorea villosa
colicroot Dioscora paniculata
collinsonia; stoneroot Collinsonia canadensis
coltsfoot; coughwort;
horsehoof Tussilago farfara
comfrey; knitbone Symphytum officinale
common germander; Teucrium canadense
pink skullcap
common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica
condurango Gonolobus condurango
coneflower Echinacea angustifolia
coptis; Chinese goldthread Coptis chinensis
coriander Coriander sativum
corn silk; yumixu; Zea mays
stigmata maydis
cornus; Asiatic cornelian Cornus officinalus
cherry; Asiatic dogwood
corydalis Corydalis yanhusuo
costus root Aucklandia lappa
coughwort Tussilago farfara
cramp bark; Guelder rose; Viburnum opulus
snowball tree
cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon
cranesbill root; wild Geranium maculatum
geranium; storksbill;
alumroot
creeping lily root Ophiopogon japonicus
creeping speedwell; veronica Veronica spp.
creosote bush Larrea tridentata
crookneck squash Cucurbita moschata
croton oil Croton tiglium
Culver root; black root; Leptandra virginica
physic root
cumin Cuminum cymium
curled dock Rumex crispus
curly dock Rumex crispus
cuscuta; Chinese dodder Cuscuta chinensis
cyperus; sedge root Cyperus rotundus
da huang Rheum palmatum
da t’sao Ziziphus jujube
dagger plant Yucca aloifolia
damiana Turnera diffusa
dandelion Taraxacum officinale
dang gui Angelica polymorpha
dang shen Salvia militorrhiza
deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna
desert tea Ephedra sinica
devil’s apple Podophyllum peltatum
devil’s claw; Teufelskralle; Harpagophytum procumbens
wood spider; grapple plant
devil’s club Oplopanax horridus
devil’s dung Ferula asafoetida
dihe Spirulina maxima
dill; dillweed Anethum graveolen
don sen; tang shen; Codonopsis pilosula
codonopsis root
dong quai; tang kwei Angelica sinensis
dong quai; dang gui; tang kuei Angelica polymorpha
dragon’s eyes Euphorbia longana
dragonwort Polygonum bistoria
dusty miller; cineraria Senecio cineraria
dwarf lilyturf Ophiopogon japonicus
echinacea; coneflower; Echinacea angustifolia
narrow-leaved purple cone
flower; purple cone flower;
prairie
Ecuadorian sarsaparilla Smilax febrifuga
elder Sambucus niger
elecampane; scabwort; Inula helenium
elf dock; horseheal
eleuthero Eleutherococcus senticosus
eleutherococcus Eleutherococcus senticosus
elf dock Inula helenium
English chamomile Matricaria recutita
Englishman’s foot Plantago lanceolata
epazote; Mexican wormseed; Chenopodium ambrosoides
American wormseed
ephedra; ma huang Ephedra sinica
epimedium; lusty goatherb Epimedium pimedium grandiflorum
ergot Claviceps purpurea
eucalyptus; blue gum tree Eucalyptus globulus
eucommia bark Eucommia ulmoides
euphrasy Euphrasia officinalis
European black currant Ribes nigrum
European cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos
European horsetail Equisetum palustre
European mistletoe Viscum album
evening primrose; sundrops Oenothera biennis

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evodia fruit Evodia rutaecarpa
eyebright Lobelia spp.
eyebright Sabbatia spp.
eyebright; euphrasy Euphrasia officinalis
eyebright; spurge Euphorbia spp.
false Jerusalem cherry Solanum capsicastrum
false sarsaparilla; Hemidesmus indicus
Indian sarsaparilla
false unicorn; helonias Chamaelirium luteum
false valerian Senecio aureus
fang feng Ledebouriella divaricata
fennel Foeniculum vulgare
fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum
feverfew Tanacetum parthenium
feverwort Eupatorium perfoliatum
field mint Mentha haplocalyx
flag lily Iris versicolor
fleece-flower root Polygonum multiflorum
fleur-de-lis Iris versicolor
flowering quince Cydonia japonica
fo-ti; he-shou-wu Polygonum multiflorum
foxglove Digitalis purpurea
fringe tree Chionanthus virginicus
fu ling Poria cocos
fu tzu Aconitim carmichaeli
gan-jian Zingiber officianale
ganoderma; ling zhi; reishi Ganoderma lucidum
gan t-sao Glycyrrhiza glabra
garcinia; Malabar tamarind Garcinia cambogia
garden lavender Lavandula angustifolia
garden mint Mentha spicata
garden rhubarb Rheum palmatum
garden rue Ruta graveolens
garlic Allium sativa
gastrodia; heavenly hemp Gastrodia elata
gay gee Lycium chinensis
gentian; Angostura Bitters Gentiana lutea
gentiana Gentiana scabra
German chamomile Matricaria recutita
ginger; Jamaica ginger; Zingiber officinale
African ginger;
Cohin ginger; gan-jian
ginkgo; ginkgo nut;
maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba
ginseng, Asian Panax ginseng
ginseng, American Panax quinquefolius
ginseng; jen sheng; Panax ginseng
shiu chu root; ren sheng
ginseng, Siberian Eleutherococcus senticosus
goat thorn Astragalus membranaceus
golden senecio Senecio aureus
goldenseal; puccoon root; Hydrastis canadensis
yellowroot; hydrastis
HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
goose grass Galium aperine
gorse Spartium, junceum
gotu kola; hydrocotyle; Centella asiatica
Indian pennywort
grains-of-paradise Amomum villosum
grape seed extract Vitis vinifera
grapple plant Harpagophytum procumbens
gravel root; Joe-Pye weed; Eupatorium purpureum
queen of the meadow
greasewood Larrea tridentata
great burdock Arcticum lappa
great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis
greater ammi; Ammi visagna
toothpick ammi
greater celandine Chelidonium majus
greater plantain Plantago lanceolata
ground holly Chimaphilia umbellata
guarana Paullinia cupana
Guelder rose Viburnum opulus
guggul Commiphora myrrha
gum asafetida Ferula asafoetida
gum camphor Cinnamomum camphora
guru nut Cola nitida
hawthorn Crataegus laevigata
he-shou-wu Polygonum multiflorum
heavenly hemp Gastrodia elata
hedge hyssop Gratiola spp.
helonias Chamaelirium luteum
hemp tree Vitex agnus-castus
henbane Hyoscyamus niger
herb-christopher Actaea spicata
hibiscus; roselle; Hibiscus sabdariffa
Sudanese tea; red tea;
Jamaica sorrel
hoarhound Marrubium vulgare
ho shou wu; fo-ti; Polygonum multiflorum
fleece-flower root
hollyhock; althea Althaea rosea
holy herb Eriodictyn californicum
holy thistle Cnicus benedictus
Honduran sarsaparilla Smilax regelii
hong hua Carthamus tinctorius
hops Humulus lupulus
horehound; hoarhound Marrubium vulgare
horseheal Inula helenium
horsehoof Tussilago farfara
horsetail Equisetum arvense
huang chi Astragalus membranaceus
huang chi Scutellaria lateriflora
Hungarian camommile Matricaria recutita
hydrangea; seven barks Hydrangea arborescens
hydrastis Hysrastis canadensis
hydrocotyle Centella asiatica
APP 169

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APP 170 HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
hyssop Hyssopus officinalis
Iceland moss; Iceland lichen Cetraria islandica
Indian corn Zea mays
Indian gooseberry Terminalia bellerica
Indian pennywort Centella asiatica
Indian physic Gillenia trifoliata
Indian sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus
Indian squill Urginea indica
Indian tan plant Rumex hymenosepalus
Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata
indigo Indigofera tinctoria
indigoweed Baptisia tinctoria
ipecacuanha Cephaelis ipecacuanha
ipecac Cephaelis ipecacuanha
ipe roxo Tabebuia avellanedae
Irish moss; carageenin; Chondrus crispus
carageenan
ispaghul Plantago ovata
Jamaican ginger Zingiber officinale
Jamaican sorrel Hibiscus sabdariffa
Jamestown weed Datura stramonium
Japanese honeysuckle; Lonicera japonica
yin hua
Japanese turf lily; Ophiopogon japonicus
creeping lily root;
dwarf lilyturf
jen sheng Panax ginseng
Jesuit’s bark Chincona spp.
jie geng Platycodon grandiflorum
jimson weed; stink weed; Datura stramonium
thorn apple; datura
Jamestown weed
Job’s tears Coix lachryma jobi
Joe-Pye weed Eupatorium purpureum
jojoba oil Simmondsia chinensis
Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia
jujube date; da t’sao Ziziphus jujube
juniper Juniperus communis
karaya gum Stericulia urens
kava; kava kava; kawa Piper methysticum
kelp; bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus
khat Catha edulis
knee holy Ruscus aculeatus
knitbone Symphytum officinale
ko ken Pueraria lobata
kola; cola; kola nut, Cola nitida
kolanut; guru nut
ku xing ren; persica; Prunus armeniaca
apricot kernel oil
kudzu Pueraria lobata
kumari Aloe barbadensis
kuzu root Pueraria lobata
lactucarium Lactuca virosa
lady slipper; nerveroot Cypripedium calceoulus
lady’s mantle Alchemilla xanthochlora
laetrile Prunus armeniaca
lapacho Tabebuia avellanedae
lapacho colorado Tabebuia avellanedae
lapacho morado Tabebuia avellanedae
lappa Arctium lappa
larch moss Usnea barbata
larkspur Consolida regalis
laurel camphor Cinnamomum camphora
lavender; garden lavender Lavandula angustifolia
leek Allium ampeloprasum
lemon balm; melissa; balm Melissa officinalis
lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus
lemon verbena Aloysia triphylla
leopard’s bane Arnica montana
lettuce opium; lactucarium; Lactuca virosa
wild lettuce
licorice; gan t’sao Glycyrrhiza glabra
life root; golden senecio; Senecio aureus
ragwort; false valerian;
squaw weed
ligustrum Ligustrum lucidum
lily of the valley Convallaria majalis
lime flowers Tilia cordata
linden; linden flower Tilia cordata
ling zhi Gandoderma lucidum
lion’s-tail Leonurus cardiaca
liver lily Iris versicolor
lobelia; Indian tobacco; Lobelia inflata
pukeweed
long yen rou Euphorbia longana
longan berries; Euphorbia longana
dragon’s eyes
loquat Eriobotrya japonica
lovage Levisticum officinale
love lies bleeding Amaranthus caudatus
luceme Medicago sativa
lungwort; blue cowslip Pulmonaria angustifolia
lusty goatherb Epidemium pidemium grandiflorum
lycii; gay gee Lycium chinensis
lycium fruit Lycium chinensis
ma huang; ephedra Ephedra sinica
Maggi plant Levisticum officinale
magnolia buds Magnolia lilliflora
maidenhair tree Gingko biloba
maize Zea mays
Malabar tamarind Garcinia cambogia
malva; marshmallow; Malva sylvestris
marsh mallow
mandrake Podophyllum peltatum
margosa Azadirachta indica
Marian thistle Silibum marianum

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marigold, common Calendula officinalis
marigold, African Tagetes spp.
marjoram Origanum majorana
marsh drain Alisma plantago-acquatica
marsh tea Ledum palustre
marshmallow Malva sylvestris
maté Ilex paraguariensis
mayapple; mandrake; Podophyllum peltatum
vegetable calomel;
devil’s-apple
Melia Azadivachta indica
melissa Melissa officinalis
Mexican sarsaparilla Smilax aristolochiaefolia
Mexican scammany Convovulus scammonia
Mexican vanilla Vanilla planifola
Mexican wild yam Dioscorea floribunda
Mexican wormseed Chenopodium ambrosoides
milfoil Achillea millefolium
milk thistle; Marian thistle; Silybum marianum
St. Mary thistle;
Our Lady thistle
milk vetch root Astralagus membranaceus
mistletoe, European Viscum album
Mohave yucca Yucca schidigera
monk pepper Vitex agnus-castus
monkshood Aconitum carmichaeli
Mormon tea; popotillo; Ephedra nevadensis
Brigham tea;
teamster tea; squaw tea
morning glory Ipomoea purpurea
mother herb Leonurus cardiaca
motherwort; lion’s-tail; Leonurus cardiaca
yi mu cao
mountain balm Eriodycton californicum
moxa Artemisia vulgaris
mugwort Artemisia vulgaris
mugo pine (oil) Pinus mugo
muira puama; Ptychopetalum olacoides
potency wood
muira puama;
potency wood Liriosma ovata
mulberry; white mulberry Morus alba
mullein Verbascum thapsus
mustard, black Brassica nigra
mustard, white Brassica alba
myrobalan, beleric; Terminalia bellerica
triphala; bhibitaki
myrobalan, chebulic; Terminalia chebula
triphala; ho-tzu ch
myrobalan, emblic; triphala; Phyllanthus emblica
Indian gooseberry
myrrh; guggul Commiphora myrrha
myrtle Myrica cerifera
narrow-leaved purple Echinacea angustifolia
triphala; cone flower
HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
nasturtium Tropaeolum spp.
neem tree; azedarach; Azadirachta indica
Melia; nim; margosa
nerveroot Cypripedium calceoulus
nettle; stinging nettle Urtica dioica
night-blooming cereus Selenicereus grandiflorus
nim Azadirachta indica
North American calamus; Acorus americanus
type I calamus
nosebleed Achillea millefolium
notoginseng root Panax notoginseng
nut-grass rhizome Cyperus rotundus
nutmeg Myristica fragrans
oak Quercus spp.
oats; oat bran; oat groats Avena sativa
old man’s beard Usnea barbata
onion Allium cepa
Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium
ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris
ouabain Strophanthus gratus
Our Lady’s thistle Silybum marianum
Our-Lord’s-candle Yucca whipplei
pai shu; atractylodes Atractylodes macrocephala
palma Christi Ricinius communis
pangamic acid;
vitamin B15; pangamate; not a biological
calcium pangamate
papaya; papain Carica papaya
papoose root Caulophyllum thalictroides
para toda Pfaffia paniculata
parsley Petroselinum crispum
partridgeberry Mitchella repens
passion flower; Passiflora incarnata
passionflower
patchouli Agastache rugosa
pau d’arco; ipe roxo; Tabebuia avellanedae
lapacho; taheebo tea;
lapacho colorado,
lapacho morado
pau d’arco; lapacho; Tabebuia heptaphylla
tabebuia; purple lapacho
peach kernel oil Prunus persica
pearl barley Hordeum vulgare
pennyroyal, American Hedeoma pulegioides
pennyroyal, European Mentha pulegium
or Old World
peony; shao-yao Paeonia lactiflora
pepo Cucurbita pepo
peppermint Mentha piperata
periwinkle Vinca rosea
persic oil; peach kernel oil Prunus persica
persica Prunus armeniaca
Peruvian bark Cinchona spp.
pettier Ruscus aculeatus
APP 171

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APP 172 HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
physic root Leptandra virginica
physostigma Physostigma venenosum
pilewort Ranunculus ficaria
pimento; pimenta Pimenta officinalis
pine-needle oil Pinus mugo
pink skullcap Teucrium canadense
pipperidge bush Berberis vulgaris
pipsissewa; prince pine; Chimaphilia umbellata
ground holly
plantago; Englishman’s Plantago lanceolata
foot; greater plantain;
ribwort
platycodon; jie geng Platycodon grandiflorum
pleurisy root; butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa
pogostemon Agastache rugosa
poison flag; wild iris Iris versicolor
poison sumac Rhus venenata
poison ivy Rhus toxicodendron
poke; pokeweed; pokeroot Phytolacca americana
popotillo Ephedra nevadensis
poppy, opium Papaver somniferum
poppy, red Papaver rhoeas
potency wood Ptychopetalum olacoides
prairie Echinacea angustifolia
prairie dock Parthenium integrifolium
prelate Hordeum vulgare
prickly ash; toothache tree Zanthoxylum americanum
prickly comfrey Symphytum asperum
prince pine Chimiphilia umbellata
privet fruit; ligustrum Ligustrum lucidum
psyllium; ispaghul Plantago ovata
puccoon root Hydrastis canadensis
pueraria; ko ken; kudzu; Pueraria lobata
kuzu root
pukeweed Lobelia inflata
pumpkin seeds; popo Cucurbita pepo
punk tree Melaleuca leucadendron
purple lapacho Tabebuia avellenedae
purple cone flower Echinacea angustifolia
Pycnogenol Pinus pinaster
pygeum Prunus africana
quaking aspen Populus balsamifera
queen of the meadow Eupatorium purpureum
quillaja; soapbark Quillaja saponaria
quina, quinaquina, Cinchona spp.
quinquina
quinine; cinchona bark; Cinchona spp.
Peruvian bark;
Jesuits’ bark
ragwort Senecio aureus
ranunculus Ranunculus spp.
raspberry Rubus idaeus
rattle root Cimicifuga racemosa
rauwolfia Rauwolfia serpentina
red bush tea; rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis
red clover Trifolium pratense
red cockscomb Amaranthus hybridus
red elder Sambucus racemosa
red elm Ulmus rubra
red flower Carthamus tinctorius
red Indian paint Sanguinaria canadensis
red squill Urginea maritima
red tea Hibiscus sabdariffa
red valerian Centranthus ruber
redroot Sanguinaria canadensis
rehmannia; sok day; Rehmannia glutinosa
san day;
Chinese floxglove root
reishi Ganoderma lucidum
ren sheng Panax ginseng
rheumatism root Dioscorea paniculata
rhubarb; Chinese rhubarb; Rheum palmatum
da huang; Turkey
rhubarb; garden rhubarb
ribwort Plantago lancealata
rice; rice bran Oryza sativa
Roman chamomile Chamaemelum nobile
rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis
rose hip Rosa canina
roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa
rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
rue; garden rue Ruta graveolens
Russian comfrey Symphytum x uplandicum
Russian fly Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria
sabal Serenoa repens
sacred bark Rhamnus purshiana
safflower; hong hua; Carthamus tinctorius
red flower
saffron Crocus sativus
sage Salvia officinalis
salad burnet Sanguisorba minor
salsify Symphtum officinale
salvia; dang shen Salvia miltiorrhiza
san day Rehmannia glutinosa
san qui ginseng; Panax pseudo-ginseng
tienchi ginseng;
sanchi ginseng
sandalwood (oil); santal (oil) Santalum album
sanguisorba -see- burnet
santal oil Santalum album
sargassum seaweed Sargassum pallidum
sarsaparilla Smilax medica
sarsaparilla, Ecuadorian Smilax febrifuga
sarsaparilla, Honduran Smilax regelii
sarsaparilla, Indian Hemidesmus indicus
sarsaparilla, Jamaican Smilax ornata

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sassafras Sassafras albidum
saussurea Aucklandia lappa
saw palmetto; sabal Serenoa repens
scabwort Inula helenium
scallion Allium fistulosum
scammany; Mexican Convolvulus scammonia
scammany; scammony
schisandra Schisandra chinensis
scilla, urginea Urginea maritima
Scotch bloom Cystis scoparius
scullcap; skullcap; Scutellaria lateriflora
blue skullcap; huang chi;
scutellaria
scutellaria Scutellaria lateriflora
sea onion Urginea maritima
sedge root Cyperus rotundus
senega snakeroot; Polygala senega
seneca snakeroot; senega
senna; Tinnevelley senna Cassia senna
sesame (oil) Sessamum indicum
seven barks Hydrangea aborescens
shallot Allium ascalonicum
shao-yao Paeonia lactiflora
sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella
shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastoris
shiitake Lentinula edodes
shiu chu root Panax ginseng
Siberian ginseng; Eleutherococcus senticosus
eleutherococcus; eleuthero;
ciwujia; wujiaseng
sileris; fang feng Ledebouriella divaricata
silk vine Periploca sepium
silver linden Tilia tomentosa
single camomile Chamomilla recutita
skullcap Scutelleria lateriflora
slippery elm; red elm Ulmus rubra
snakeweed Polygonum bistoria
snowball tree Viburnum opulus
soapbark Quillaja saponaria
soapweed Yucca glauca
sok day Rehmannia glutinosa
soldier’s woundwort Achillea millefolium
Somalian myrrh Commiphora molmol
sourdock Rumex crispus
Spanish bayonet Yucca aloifolia
Spanish broom; gorse Spartium junceum
Spanish fly; Russian fly Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria
sparrowgrass Asparagus officianalis
spearmint; garden mint Mentha spicata
spikenard Aralia racemosa
spirea Spiraea spp.
spirulina; dihe; tecuitlatl; Spirulina maxima
blue-green algae
HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
APP 173
spurge Lobelia spp.
squaw root Caulophyllyum thalictroides
squaw tea Ephedra nevadensis
squaw weed Senecio aureus
squawvine; partridgeberry Mitchella repens
squill, Lebanon Puschkina scilloides libanotica
squill, Siberian Scilla sibirica
squill; scilla, urginea; Urginea maritima
sea onion; red squill;
white squill
St. Benedict’s thistle Cnicus benedictus
St. Ignatius bean Ignatia amara
St. John’s wort Hypericum perforatum
St. Mary’s thistle Silybum marianum
stagbush Viburnum prunifolium
starweed Stellaria media
sterculia gum; karaya gum Sterculia urens
sticklewort Agrimonia eupatoria
stigmata maydis Zea mays
stinging nettle Urica dioica
stink weed Datura stramonium
stoneroot Collinsonia canadensis
storksbill Geranium maculata
strychnine Strychnos nux-vomica
succory Chicory intylbous
Sudanese tea Hybiscus sabdariffa
suma; para toda; Pfaffia paniculata
Brazilian ginseng
summer savory; Satureja hortensis
Bohnenkraut
sweet broom Ruscus aculeatus
sweet flag Acorn calamus
sweet gum Liquidambar spp.
sweet sedge Acorn calamus
sweet violet Viola odorata
tabebuia Tabebuia avellanedae
taheebo tea Tabebuia avellanedae
Tahitian vanilla Vanilla tahitensis
tamarind Tamarindus indica
tang kwei; tang kuei Angelica sinensis
tang shen Codonopsis pilosula
tangerine peel Citrus reticulata
tansy Tanacetum vulgare
tea; black tea Camellia sinensis
teamster tea Ephedra nevadensis
tea tree; tea tree (oil) Melaleuca alternifolia
tea tree Melaleuca leucadendron
tecuitlatl Spirulina maxima
tetterwort Sanguinaria canadensis
Teufelskralle Harpagophytum procumbens
thorn apple Datura stramonium
thoroughwort Eupatorium perfoliatum

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APP 174 HERBALS
Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name
thyme Thymus vulgaris
tienchi ginseng Panax pseudo-ginseng
tienchi; notoginseng root Panax notoginseng
Tinnevelley senna Cassis senna
tolu; tolu balsam Toluifera balsamum
toothache tree Zanthoxylum americanum
toothpick ammi Ammi visagna
triphala Terminalia bellerica, T. chebula
Turkey rhubarb Rheum palmatum
turmeric Curcuma longa
type I calamus Acorus americanus
type II calamus Acorus calamus
una de gato Uncaria tomentosa
unicorn root Aletris farinosa
usnea; beard lichen; Usnea barbata
larch moss;
old man’s beard
uva ursi; bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
valerian Valeriana officinalis
vanilla; Bourbon vanilla; Vanilla planifolia
Mexican vanilla
vanilla; Tahitian vanilla Vanilla tahitensis
vegetable calomel Podophyllum peltatum
veronica Veronica spp.
vervain; blue vervain Verbena officinalis
violet; sweet violet Viola odorata
vitamin B17 Primus armeniaca
vitex Vitex agnus-castus
walnut, black Juglans nigra
watercress Nasturtium officinale
water hemlock (poisonous) Cicuta maculata
water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica
waxberry Myrica pennsylvania
wax myrtle Myrica cerifera; M. pennsylvania
wheat; wheat bran Triticum aestivum
white mulberry Morus alba
white poplar Populus balsamifera
white squill Urginea maritima
white tea tree Melaleuka leucadendron
white willow Salix alba
wild cherry bark Prunus serotina
wild geranium Geranium maculatum
wild ginger; xi xin Asarium heterotropoides
wild hops Bryonia alba
wild indigo Baptisia tinctoria
wild iris Iris versicolor
wild lettuce Lactuca virosa
wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum
wild red American ginseng Rumex hymenosepalus
wild red desert ginseng Rumex hymenosepalus
wild yam; colicroot; Dioscorea paniculata
rheumatism root
willow; white willow Salix alba
windflower Pulsatilla nigricans
winter savory Satureja montana
witch hazel Hamamelis virginiana
wood betony Betonica officinalis
wood spider Harpagophytum procumbens
wujiaseng Eleutherococcus senticosus
xi xin Asarium heterotropoides
yarrow; Achillea millefolium
soldier’s woundwort;
nosebleed; milfoil
yaupon hollies Ilex cassine
yellow dock; broad leaved Rumex crispus
dock; curly dock;
sourdock; curled dock
yellow jasmine Gelsemium sempervirens
yellowroot Hydrastis canadensis
yerba santa; holy herb; Eriodictyon californicum
mountain balm
yi mu cao Leonurus cardiaca
yin hua Leonurus japonica
yohimbe Pausinystalia yohimba
yucca; Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia
yucca; Mohave yucca Yucca schidigera
yucca; our-Lord’s-candle Yucca whipplei
yucca; soapweed Yucca glauca
yucca; Spanish bayonet;
dagger plant Yucca aloifolia
yumixu Zea mays