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iqutkZxj.k] Hkkjr ds et+nwjksa dks jkg fn[kkus okyh ,d u;h<br />
'kq#vkr ds :i esa izpkfjr fd;k tk jgk FkkA ;g =kkln gS]<br />
cfYd dguk pkfg, fd foMEcukiw.kZ gS fd ek#fr lqtqdh<br />
Iyk.V ds et+nwjksa dh ,d vlaxfBr] vfu;ksftr vkSj tokch<br />
dkjZokbZ] ftlesa fd eghuksa ls iy jgk et+nwjksa dk X+kqLlk vkSj<br />
vlUrks"k iQwV iM+k Fkk] dks Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dh<br />
Hkkoh jkg fn[kkus okyh ?kVuk ds rkSj ij is'k fd;k tk jgk<br />
gSA ;w¡ rks dksbZ Hkh ØkfUrdkjh O;fDr ;k lewg ek#fr lqtqdh<br />
ds iQklhoknh izcUèku vkSj jkT; vkSj dsUnz ljdkjksa ds f[k+yki+Q<br />
et+nwjksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh fgi+Qkt+r djsxk] ysfdu ,slk vuko';d<br />
vkSj fujkèkkj ;'kxku vkSj et+nwj oxZ dh Lor%LiQwrZ dkjZokbZ<br />
dk ,slk xSjvkykspukRed mRlo et+nwj oxZ ds vkUnksyu dks<br />
Hkh uqdlku gh igq¡pk;sxkA<br />
,slk yxrk gS fd bl izdkj dk g"kkZfrjsd ØkfUrdkjh<br />
dE;qfuLV vkUnksyu esa O;kIr ijkt;cksèk ls mRiUu gqvk gSA<br />
et+nwj oxZ ds vkUnksyu esa yEcs le; ls ekStwn 'kkfUr vkSj<br />
Bgjko ds nkSj us ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr;ksa vkSj cqf¼thfo;ksa dks<br />
fujk'kk vkSj dq.Bk ls Hkj fn;k gSA gkyk¡fd] fiNys 7&8 lkyksa<br />
ls bl Bgjko ds VwVus ds lkFk] oke lewgksa vkSj cqf¼thfo;ks<br />
esa ;g izo`fÙk vk x;h gS fd dgha Hkh et+nwjksa ds la?k"kZ dh<br />
[+kcj lqurs gh os [kq'kh ls ph[kus yx tkrs gSaA fo'ofo|ky;ksa<br />
ds yksx ^la?k"kZ i;ZVu* ij fudy iM+rs gSa] rFkkdfFkr<br />
vfr&okeiUFkh¸ lewg vkSj uonk'kZfud¸ vyFkwlj ds<br />
'kCnksa esa lS¼kfUrd o`fÙk¸ esa pys tkrs gSa vkSj et+nwj oxZ<br />
dh Lor%LiQwrZrk vkSj fgjkoy ds vizklafxd gks tkus ds ckjs<br />
esa lS¼kfUrdhdj.k vkSj fpUru djus yxrs gSaA ;g bu<br />
cqf¼thfo;ksa esa xgjs iSBk ijkt;cksèk vkSj fujk'kkokn gh gS tks<br />
mUgsa ,sls fu"d"kks± rd igq¡pkrk gSA buesa ls T+;knkrj us yEcs<br />
le; us et+nwj vkUnksyu ds ckjs esa dqN ns[kk&lquk gh ugha<br />
gS (Hkkxhnkjh djuk rks nwj dh ckr gS!)_ vc tcfd et+nwj<br />
lM+dksa ij mrj jgs gSa] vc tcfd mudk èkS;Z tokc ns pqdk<br />
gS vkSj os la?k"kZ dj jgs gSa_ rks ;s uonk'kZfud¸ Hkko&foHkksj<br />
gks mBs gSa! et+nwjksa lM+dksa ij mrj jgs gSa] tq>k:iu vkSj<br />
fgalk ij mrk: gks tk jgs gSa] ;g rF; mUgsa pfdr dj nsrk<br />
gS! vkSj vpkud gh os vkykspukRedrk] ,sfrgkfldhdj.k<br />
(historicization) ds mi;ksx] vkSj mu lHkh nwljh pht+ksa<br />
ds ckjs esa Hkwy tkrs gSa ftuds ckjs esa os bl iwjs nkSj esa [kqn<br />
lcls T+;knk ckrsa djrs jgs gSa vkSj f'k{kk,¡ nsrs jgs gSa_ muls<br />
Hkh T+;knk tks ek#fr lqtqdh vkUnksyu ds vkykspukRed<br />
ewY;kadu dh ckr djrs jgs gSaA buesa ls dqN cqf¼thfo;ksa ij<br />
csfn;w] usxzh] gkVZ vkfn tSls mÙkj&ekDlZoknh fpUrdksa dk<br />
dkiQh izHkko gS] tks fd [kqn ;gh dke dj jgs gSa% fgjkoy<br />
dh t+:jr dks [+kkfjt dj jgs gSa vkSj xSj&ikVhZ ØkfUrokn dk<br />
mins'k ns jgs gSaA vpkud gh] bu mÙkj&ekDlZoknh vkSj<br />
Lok;Ùkrkoknh ekDlZoknh fl¼kUrdkjksa ds Hkkjrh; vuqxkfe;ksa<br />
ds Hkh bygke dk oDr vk x;k vkSj mUgsa ;g fnO;&Kku¸<br />
izkIr gqvk gS% et+nwj oxZ fgjkoy ls vkxs fudy x;k gS_<br />
fgjkoy ihNs NwV x;k gS_ et+nwj oxZ dh Lor%LiwQrZrk ft+Unkckn_<br />
et+nwj oxZ ds gkFkksa et+nwj oxZ dh eqfDr¸! ,sls fl¼kUr<br />
if'pe caxky ds dqN vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;oknh lewgksa<br />
}kjk Hkh izpkfjr fd;s tk jgs gSa] tks ;g nkok djrs gSa fd<br />
et+nwj la?k"kZ vkSj izfrjksèk ds u;s :i vkSj j.kuhfr;k¡ Lo;a<br />
gh fudky ysaxs_ blesa fgjkoy dh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha gksxh!<br />
budk dguk gS fd ikVhZ ls brj et+nwj oxZ dk ,d tu<br />
jktuhfrd dsUnz¸ cukuk gksxk (;kuh] ,Dlsyjksn dh ogh<br />
ykbu ftldh ysfuu us ;g nyhy nsrs gq, l[+r vkykspuk<br />
dh Fkh fd et+nwj oxZ dk dsoy ,d gh jktuhfrd dsUnz gks<br />
ldrk gS] vkSj og gS ikVhZ] vkSj bl ikVhZ dk pfj=k ,d tu<br />
(ekl) ikVhZ dk drbZ ugha gks ldrk) bl rjg ,d [+kkl<br />
izo`fÙk mHkjdj vk;h gS tks vjktdrkoknh&la?kkfèkiR;okn]<br />
Lok;Ùkrkokn] VªkW.Vh&czk.M dk brkyoh vkWijkbLeks]<br />
vjktdrkokn] dkmafly dE;qfuT+e] vkfn dk fugk;r gh<br />
cpdkuk feJ.k gSA ;s ukuk izdkj dh vlEc¼ jktuhfrd<br />
izo`fÙk;k¡ ,dtqV gksdj x+SjikVhZ ØkfUrokn dh izo`fÙk esa ,dkdkj<br />
gks x;h gSaA<br />
orZeku le; esa ;g ØkfUrdkjh dE;qfuLV vkUnksyu<br />
ds fy, fpUrk dk fo"k; gS fd ØkfUrdkjh cqf¼thfo;ksa vkSj<br />
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ,d [+kkl fgLls esa ;g izo`fÙk ftls ysfuu us<br />
oke¸&iUFkh cpdkukiu dgk Fkk] iQS'kuscy gks jgh gSA bu<br />
fl¼kUrdkjksa ds erksa dk [k.Mu djuk vkSj muds fl¼kUrksa<br />
dk lrghiu mtkxj djuk csgn t+:jh dke cu x;k gSA<br />
fgjkoy dh Hkwfedk dks [+kkfjt djuk et+nwj oxZ dks fdlh<br />
Hkh vfHkdj.k (,tsalh) ls fjDr dj nsuk gSA ikVhZ dks oxZ<br />
ds f[k+yki+Q [kM+k djus dh izo`fÙk [krjukd gSA tks yksx bl<br />
Hkze dk izpkj djrs gSa os fgjkoy ikVhZ dh izÑfr dks Hkwy<br />
tkrs gSaA ysfuu ds 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks dE;qfuLV ikVhZ loZgkjk<br />
oxZ dk mUur nLrk gksrh gS_ ;g oxZ ds lcls mUur rRoksa<br />
dks lekfgr djrh gS_ ;g loZgkjk dh fo'on`f"V dk lkdkj<br />
:i gksrh gS¸A ge ;gk¡ oxZ] ikVhZ vkSj jkT; vkSj muds<br />
vkilh lEcUèkksa ls tqM+s iz'uksa dh ppkZ esa ugha tk;saxsA ysfdu<br />
bruk r; gS% et+nwj oxZ ds vkUnksyu dk Bgjko VwV jgk gS_<br />
ge ,d laØe.k dky ls xqt+j jgs gSa_ iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ,d<br />
cUn xyh ds vfUre Nksj rd igq¡p pqdh gS_ iwjh nqfu;k ds<br />
iSekus ij et+nwj oxZ vkthfodk vkSj csgrj thou ds vius<br />
vfèkdkjksa ds fy, Lor%LiQwrZ
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