Derivatele de sange in TI.pdf - ati | anestezie terapie intensiva
Derivatele de sange in TI.pdf - ati | anestezie terapie intensiva
Derivatele de sange in TI.pdf - ati | anestezie terapie intensiva
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
214<br />
trombocite va trebui recoltata <strong>de</strong> la mama d<strong>in</strong> cauza riscului <strong>de</strong> distructie<br />
trombocitara.<br />
- Indic<strong>ati</strong>i profilactice vizeaza pacientii cu trombocitopenie sub 10.000/mm 3<br />
cu risc hemoragic (<strong>in</strong>terventii chirurgicale, montare <strong>de</strong> catetere) sau cu Ht<br />
scazut.<br />
Alti factori <strong>de</strong> risc cu predispozitie la hemoragie sunt la pacientii cu aplazie<br />
medulara, boli oncologice, stari septice etc.<br />
Contra<strong>in</strong>dic<strong>ati</strong>ile tratamentului cu trombocite sunt puse <strong>in</strong> discutie <strong>in</strong><br />
purpura posttransfuzionala, purpura trombocitopenica trombotica, trombocitopenia<br />
<strong>in</strong>dusa <strong>de</strong> hepar<strong>in</strong>a (risc <strong>de</strong> activare trombocitara si tromboliza)<br />
– <strong>de</strong> asemenea nu se dau <strong>in</strong> trombocitopenia idiop<strong>ati</strong>ca <strong>de</strong>oarece trombocitele<br />
sunt distruse <strong>de</strong> anticorpii circulanti.<br />
In trombocitopeniile cronice se <strong>in</strong>dica <strong>in</strong> cateva situ<strong>ati</strong>i <strong>de</strong>osebite: acci<strong>de</strong>ntele<br />
hemoragice acute cu <strong>sange</strong>rari abun<strong>de</strong>nte sau localizare vitala (cerebrala,<br />
oculara).<br />
Concentratul trombocitar obt<strong>in</strong>ut pr<strong>in</strong> afereza este produsul ales pentru<br />
transfuzie plachetara <strong>in</strong> masura <strong>in</strong> care numarul <strong>de</strong> donatori este redus.<br />
Totusi disponibilitatea sa este limitata.<br />
Concentratul <strong>de</strong> plachete <strong>de</strong> afereza este rezervat anumitor categorii <strong>de</strong><br />
donatori.<br />
- Bolnavii aloimuniz<strong>ati</strong> H.L.A. pentru care transfuzia <strong>de</strong> plachete HLA<br />
comp<strong>ati</strong>bila reprez<strong>in</strong>ta un beneficiu. Bolnavii refractari la transfuzia <strong>de</strong><br />
plachete un<strong>de</strong> transfuzia <strong>de</strong> plachete H.L.A. comp<strong>ati</strong>bile reprez<strong>in</strong>ta un<br />
beneficiu.<br />
- Pacientii ce prez<strong>in</strong>ta prognostic superior <strong>de</strong> supravietuire peste 30 % pe<br />
un an.<br />
Pentru cresterea securit<strong>ati</strong>i transfuziei cu trombocite se recomanda:<br />
- vigilenta anti<strong>in</strong>fectioasa severa cu reducerea „ferestrei imunologice”<br />
pr<strong>in</strong> testarea acizilor nucleici virali.<br />
- Limitarea duratei <strong>de</strong> conservare pentru sca<strong>de</strong>rea contam<strong>in</strong>arii bacteriene.<br />
- Filtrarea cu <strong>de</strong>pletia leucocitelor pentru reducerea mediatorilor leucocitari<br />
si a agentilor virali<br />
Adm<strong>in</strong>istrarea: perfuzie <strong>in</strong>trravenoasa <strong>in</strong> primele 6 – 8 ore <strong>de</strong> la preparare.<br />
Ritmul <strong>de</strong> adm<strong>in</strong>istrare t<strong>in</strong>e <strong>de</strong> durata <strong>de</strong> viata <strong>de</strong> 4 – 6 zile a trombocitelor,<br />
frecventa fi<strong>in</strong>d practic <strong>de</strong> 2 – 3 ori pe saptamana. Dozajul va t<strong>in</strong>e cont <strong>de</strong>:<br />
volumul sangu<strong>in</strong>, <strong>de</strong> pool<strong>in</strong>gul splenic (1/3 d<strong>in</strong> volumul trombocitar), precum<br />
si <strong>de</strong> alti factori (coagulop<strong>ati</strong>e, <strong>in</strong>fectie).<br />
Cauzele statusului refractar la substitutia trombocitara: splenomegalia,<br />
CID, <strong>in</strong>fectie, trombocite <strong>de</strong> calitate <strong>in</strong>ferioara.<br />
Recomandări şi protocoale în <strong>anestezie</strong>, <strong>terapie</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensivă şi medic<strong>in</strong>ă <strong>de</strong> urgenţă