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164 196 GursewakSinghPiara SInghShhinderKaurVill-Bakshiwala Tehsil-BudhladaMansa165 197 MandeepSinghJalkaranSinghHarpal KaurVill-Butar Bakhua PO-GidderbahaMuktsar166 198 Jaggi Singh Barkat Singh Palo Kaur Vill-Mal Singh Wala, Tehsil-BudhladaMansa167 200 HarpinderSinghSwarn SinghRajvinderKaurVill- Sher Khan Wala, Tehsil-BudhladaMansa168 201 HarpreetSinghVarinderSinghRogani KaurVill-Bhaini Chuhar, Tehsil-PhulBathinda169 203 Jaswant Singh BaljinderSinghAmarjeetKaurVill-Lal Bai, Tehsil-GidderbahaMuktsar170 204 LakhwinderSinghCharanjitSinghSukhvir Kaur Vill-Lal Bai, Tehsil-GidderbahaMuktsar171 205 KulwinderSinghGurdeepSinghParmjit Kaur V.P.O-Khiali Wala Bathinda172 206 RajwinderSinghSukhmanderSinghRanjeet Kaur V.P.O-Khiali WalaBathinda173 207 Bagga Singh SukhmanderSinghAmarjit Kaur V.P.O-Khiali Wala Bathinda174 208 SukhwinderSinghBawa Singh Jarnail Kaur V.P.O-Deon Bathinda175 209 Jagtar Singh Bhola Singh SukhjinderKaurV.P.O-JangiranaBathinda176 210 GurdeepSinghSikanderSinghHarjinderKaurV.P.O-Kuttiwal Khurd, Tehsil-Talwandi SaboBathinda177 211 Rabdita Singh Chanan Singh Ranjeet Kaur Vill-Kuttiwal Khurd,PO-PirkotTehsil-Talwandi SaboBathinda178 212 Kuldeep Singh Satvir Singh KrishanaDeviVill-Bhikhi, Tehsil-MansaMansa
(v)Ownership of multiple SIM cards: In the case of ‘pre-paid’ connections, multiple SIM cards are easy topurchase at a relatively low cost 25 , and the ownership of multiple SIMs enables users to switch nearlyinstantaneously between service providers to take advantage of current offers in price or other serviceoffers. The transferability of SIMs (allowing a single phone to be used with multiple prepaidsubscriptions) has been cited as an important reason for the popularity of prepaid use among lowerincome groups (Kalba, 2008) 26 . The use of mobile minutes among those with multiple SIM cards istherefore expected to be very sensitive to relative price changes. As expected, the number of SIMsowned by the non-zero PED group is found to be higher (1.70 compared to 1.20).C. Perceptions Toward Mobile Use & Attitude toward Mobile Service Provider:(i) Unwillingness to switch service providers: Respondents who indicate that they are unlikely to switch serviceproviders even if price were to fall have effectively disregarded outside options and are therefore likely tohave demand that is relatively inelastic to price change. The summary statistics indicate that the group withzero PED comprises a greater share of those who would not switch providers (39% against 33%).(ii) Perceived benefits: Those who perceive greater benefits from mobile use (whether social, economic oremergency related) are likely to use the mobile more if it were cheaper. In particular, however, those whoattach a greater importance to emergency-related benefits, which we interpret as greater contingency use ofthe mobile 27 , might be able to extend their range of existing uses to include social and economic purposes ifprice were to fall. As expected, the non-zero PED group has a significantly higher score for perceivedemergency benefits (92% versus 86%).D. ‘Telecom-connectedness’:This variable is captured by the number among ‘the top five individuals most frequently contacted by therespondent’ who own a phone. Users who are more ‘telecom-connected’ are more likely to take advantage of a25 Less than 3% of those who are unwilling to switch service providers cite financial constraints as their reason (see Table 10in the appendix). However, nearly 59% point to the ‘hassle of getting a new connection’ as the reason, suggesting that thereis an initial effort involved in acquiring the SIM card that is regarded as inconvenient.26 Other reasons cited for the multiple ownership of SIMs include “coverage differences, lack of interoperability (e.g., SMS),anonymity, expense tracking (e.g., personal vs. business use), roaming, functionality (data vs. voice), backup service, etc.”(Kalba, 2008)27 We find by a t test that those for whom the perceived emergency benefits is larger than the perceived social and economicbenefits are more modest users of the mobile (defined in terms of the value of the last top up in USD). This lends credenceto our hypothesis that a higher value place on emergency benefits can be interpreted as present contingency use andtherefore a greater likelihood of increased use if price were to fall: The average ‘last top-up value (in USD)’ for the groupplacing a higher value on emergency use is 1.14 USD against 1.32 USD for the rest (the t statistic is 2.74, p value 0.006).13
Page 1 and 2: Punjab Security Training Institute,
Page 3 and 4: 29 34 HardeepSinghDarshanSinghHarwi
Page 5 and 6: 59 70 LakhvinderRamRonki Ram Raj Ra
Page 7 and 8: 89 112 GurmukhSinghBalvir Singh Sur
Page 9 and 10: 119 146 Harjit Singh DarshanSinghGu
Page 11: 149 179 SukhwinderRamAtma Ram Parba
Page 15 and 16: 209 247 JaswinderSingh210 248 Gurpr
Page 17 and 18: 239 285 Manish Kumar Bawa Deen Saro
Page 19 and 20: 269 317 Sarbjeet Singh JoginderSing
Page 21 and 22: 299 354 Mangta Singh DarshanSingh30
Page 23 and 24: 329 387 Satwant Singh Gurmej singh
Page 25 and 26: 359 424 Hardev Singh Mangal Singh D
Page 27 and 28: 389 462 Dilbagh Singh Avtar Singh R
Page 29 and 30: 419 501 GulshanKumarKarnail SinghSh
Page 31 and 32: 449 539 Major SIngh satnam Singh Ra
Page 33 and 34: 479 571 Ramesh Pal Dharm Pal Bachno
Page 35 and 36: 509 609 HarwinderSinghKulwant Singh
Page 37 and 38: 539 643 Amish Rajinder Sudha W.NO-1
Page 39 and 40: 569 674 Bipan Singh Ranbir Singh Pu

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