ቅድመ ጉባኤ ኒቂያ አበው

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW
sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
btÆb„T ’@N-@³SÈWÃN ›lM ;qF b@t KRStEÃN (UPCI) Sm _R [ˆð XNd
¬êqE yngr ml÷T Mh#R y¸¬†T Áv!D k@ bRÂRD½ ʺz êNnS åF ¯Dʺ XNÄ!h#M
ʺêNnS x@ND Tn!tEʺ b¸L RXS yÚÐcW mÚ?FT½ TMHRt |§s@ b”l
XGz!xB/@RM çn b|n xmKN× xNÄCM m\rT yl@lW xStMHé mçn# BÒ
úYçN½ kn!qEÃ g#Æx@ bðT ynb„T yb@t KRStEÃN xbW sÆL×úêE xStúsBÂ XMnT
nb‰cW y¸L xÌM x§cWÝÝ XNd m-bqEÃ GNB DRJT xStMHé h#l# Áv!D
bRÂRDM TMHRt |§s@ kxr¥WÃN ymDBl x¥LKT xStúsB wd b@t
KRStEÃN ëL÷ ygÆ Æ:D TMHRT nW b¸lW n_B §Y tmúúY xÌM YU‰l#ÝÝ
Xnz!H y¦Y¥ñT DRJèC½ TMHRt |§s@ bBl#ÃTM çn b/Ä!úT½ bb@t KRStEÃN
¬KM çn b|n xmKN× xNÄCM DUF yl@lW xStMHé Slçn½ b325 ›.M bn!qEÃ
ktµÿdW g#Æx@ bðT ynb„ yb@t KRStEÃN xbW½ YH ;Ynt$ XMnT XNÄLnb‰cW
xNÄ!h#M TMHRt$NM XNħSt¥„ YäG¬l#ÝÝ XNÄ!ÃWM ym-bqEà GNB ym{/F
QÇS yT‰KT ¥~bR bmÆL y¸¬wqW yY‡ê MSKéC DRJT½ QDm g#Æx@
n!qEÃ xbW xR×úêE xStúsB nb‰cW y¸L xÌM ÃlW s!çN½ y/êRÃT b@t
KRStEÃN XNÄ!h#M ytÆb„T ’@N-@³SÈWÃN (UPCI) bmÆL y¸¬wq$T y¦Y¥ñT
DRJèC dGä½ kn!qEÃ bðT ynb„T yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC sÆL×úêE xÌMÂ
xStMHé nb‰cW Æ×C ÂcWÝÝ
Xnz!H y¦Y¥ñT DRJèC kn!qEà g#Æx@ bðT bnb„T yb@t KRStEÃN xbW §Y
kFt¾ Tk¤rT Ãdrg#bT MKNÃT½ y|§s@ TMHRT m\rt$N yÈlW kn!qEÃ g#Æx@
b“§ nW y¸lWN xStMHéxcWN XNÄ!dGF§cW b{n# bmflUcW nWÝÝ
|§s@WÃN dGä Xnz!H yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC½ ʺWg#Z kmxR×S wWg#Z
kmsÆL×Sʺ µl#T kn!qEÃ g#Æx@ xÆèC QNÈT ¬HL ytly xÌMM çn xStMHé
XNÄLnb‰cW XNÄ!h#M byzmn# ynbrCW b@t KRStEÃN YHN m\rt XMnT Y²
XNd q-lC ÃSrÄl#ÝÝ
XWnt$ byT wgN nW ÃlW y¸lWN g¤ÄY b¥Ãw§Ä mLk# lmmlS½ h#lT
xQÈÅãCN mktL yGD YçÂLÝÝ Y,WM:— (1) yDRJt$ :WQ mMH‰N kxbW
{/#F bq_¬ -QsÂcêL y¸§*cWN ¥Sr©ãC bQRbT mmRmR½ (2) bh#l#M
wgñC zND t¨¥n! nÚ mr© ÂcW y¸Æl#TN yXnz!HN yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC
DRúÂT bq_¬ bm_qS XWn¬W byT wgN XNÄl ¥úyT nWÝÝ
I. |§s@ kxr¥WÃN xStúsB ytqÄ nWN?
y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN [ˆFÃN xStMHét |§s@:— (1) kxr¥WÃN mDBl
x¥LKT xStúsB ytqd nW¿ (2) QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úêE xStúsBÂ
XMnT nb‰cW y¸L xÌM x§cWÝÝ
1

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
Áv!D k@ bRÂRD ytÆl#T ¬êqE yDRJt$ yngr ml÷T mMHR y_NT xú‰WÃN½
Æb!lÖÂWÃN½ GBÉWÃN½ y£NÇ y¬åYST ¦Y¥ñT XNÄ!h#M xF§õÂêEW FLSFÂ
y|§s@ xStMHé XNħcW½ ʺSlz!HM y|§s@ xStúsB kKRST xStMHé WS_
ybql úYçN½ yxr¥WÃN ¦Y¥ñT FLSF ;Ynt¾W g{¬ nW...ʺ1 y¸L xÌM
x§cWÝÝ ʺXnz!H qdMT ngr ml÷¬WÃN YH ;Ynt$N +FN S?tT XNÁT l!\„
Òl#? ÃlfWN ¬µcWNM çn ÆH§cWN kxr¥WÃN xStúsB ¥‰Q tSñxcêLʺ2
s!l#M YwQúl#ÝÝ
YH yÁv!D bRÂRD /!S h#lT m\r¬êE S?tèC xl#bT:— (1) bRµ¬ xr¥WÃN
|§s@ msL xStúsB x§cW y¸lW Xúb@½ xStMHét |ls@ xr¥êE m\rT
xlW wd¸lW DMÄ» l!ÃdRsN xYCLM—YH lmçn# x_Ub! ¥Sr© µLqrb
bStqRÝÝ bRµ¬ xr¥WÃN ›l¥T fÈ XNħcW ÃMÂl#ÝÝ YH ¥lT GN m{/F
QÇúêEW KRSTÂ YHN xStMHé yqÄW kxr¥WÃN nW ¥lT S?tT nW ÝÝ
bx!T×ùà WS_ y¸gß# bRµ¬ ÆH§êE ¦Y¥ñèC l^-!xT |RyT dM mFsS
xlbT y¸L XMnT x§cWÝÝ Xnz!H ÆH§êE ¦Y¥ñèC YH ;Ynt$ XMnT x§cW
¥lT½ dM úYfS |RyT ylM y¸lW yBl#ÃT y/Ä!úT m\rt XMnT kÆH§êE
¦Y¥ñèC ytqÄ nW ¥lT S?tT nW (lmqÄt$ t=Æ+ t¨¥n! ¥Sr©
XSµLqrb DrS)ÝÝ
(2) y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN mMH‰N xî‰WÃN½ Æb!lÖÂWÃN½ GBÉWÃN wzt
|§s@ÃêE xStúsB x§cW Ybl# XN©! Xnz!H xr¥êE ¦Y¥ñèC FLSFÂãC yƒST
x¥LKTnT xStúsB ÃlW ymDBl x¥LKT xÌM XN©!½ |§s@ÃêE xStMHé
çcW xYdl#M 3 ÝÝ Áv!D bRÂRD |§s@ÃWÃN½ ʺ¬µcWNM çn ÆH§cWN
kxr¥WÃN xStúsB ¥‰Q tSñxcêLʺ y¸lW wqúcWM xStMHét |§s@
kxr¥WÃN xStúsB ytqÄ nW y¸lWN Xúb@ ¬úb! Ãdrg XN©! lg¤Ä† t=Æ+Â
xú¥" ¥Sr© Ãqrb xYdlMÝÝ XNÄ!ÃWM k|§s@ xStMHé YLQ xr¥êE
¦Y¥ñèC FLSFÂãC UR y¸múslW y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN xStMHé nWÝÝ
lMúl@ y£NÇ F[#M y¥YkÍflW xM§K BR¦¥N ‰s#N bƒST mNgìC gLÛxL
BR¦¥ XNd fȽ v!>n# XNd -ÆqE XNÄ!h#M ¹!Š XNd x_ðÝÝ YH y£NÇ ¦Y¥ñT
xStMHé½ bzmn Bl#Y xB ynbrW xM§K bzmn /Ä!S wLD XNÄ!h#M bÆl ^Mú
qN mNfS QÇS çñ mÈ k¸lW ksÆL×S xStMHé UR XN©!½ k|§s@ TMHRT
UR b+‰> y¸músL xYdlMÝÝ
II. QDm g#Æx@ n!qE EÃ xbW sÆL×úêE E XMnT nb‰cWN?
y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN ›lM ;qF b!é ¬êqE yngr ml÷T mMHR yçn#T Áv!D
k@ bRÂRD½ TMHRt |§s@ kxr¥WÃN ¦Y¥ñT FLSF ytqÄ Æ:D TMHRT
nW y¸L xStMHé BÒ úYçN½ _N¬WÃn# yb@t KRStEÃN xbW sÆL×úêE
¦Y¥ñ¬êE xÌM nb‰cW y¸LM ÑGT x§cW:—
1 David K. Bernard, The Oneness of God (Hazelwood, Mo.: Word Aflame Press, 1983), 164-65.
2 Zn! k¥h#¿ 176ÝÝ
3 Benjamin B. Warfield, ʺTrinity,ʺ in The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. James Orr et
al., 5 vols. (1956, reprint; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994), 3012.
2

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
ʺbh#lt¾W mè KFl zmN ynbr xNDM [KRStEÃN] [ˆð |§s@ÃêE yçnWN
xStMHé bTKKL x§St¥rM¿ XNÄ!ÃWM xNÇ ml÷¬êE xµL ll@§W XNd¸g²
bGL{ bmÚF y|ls@N xStMHé KdêLʺ4ÝÝ
ʺ[yéÑ] ql»NõS [b100 ›.M §Y bÚfW {/#F] 5 . . .xBN fÈÃCN½ xľCNÂ
g@¬CN xDR¯ xQRï¬L YHM yx!ys#S y¥~rG SM nWʺ6ÝÝ
ʺyxGÂ-!×S {/#æC (110-15) x!ys#SN kxNÇ xM§K UR ÃmúSl#¬L¿ kz!HM ytnœ
xNÄND y¬K Mh#‰N yxGÂ-!×S xStMHé XNd äÄLStEK nW XNÄ!l# xDRÙcêL
. . . xGÂ-!×S x!ys#S b|U ytgl- xM§K XNd çn gLÛxL. . . xGÂ-!×S xM§K s!L
xBN ¬úb! Ædrg mLk# Slçn. . .YH x!ys#S TSBXT yçn XGz!xB/@R xB nW
y¸lWN xStúsb#N YÍ y¸ÃdRG nWʺ7ÝÝ
ʺxGÂ-!×S x!ys#S ymNfS QÇS ¥dà nW s!L bGL{ tÂGéxL [b¥Gn@¢EÃNS 15
XNÄ!H Y§L½ ʹy¥YnÈ-lW mNfS Y,WM x!ys#S KRSèSʹ]ʺ8ÝÝ
ʺ/@R¥S [Xr¾W b¸lW {/#û 140-45] mNfS QÇSN bGÚê& ml÷T WS_ ‰s#N
yÒl xµL xDR¯ xYmlktWM¿ ‰s#N l›lM XNd gl-W LJ XN©!½ ʹQÇSÂ
z§l¥êE (pre-existent) yçnW mNfS QÇS F-#‰NN h#l# yf-r½ XNd f”Ç
XGz!xB/@R b|U WS_ XNÄ!ñR Ãdrg nWÝÝ YH mNfS QÇS y¸ÃDRbT |U
lz!H mNfS bkbr mLk# Yg²Lʹ (Sim. 5:6). . . ʹmNfS QÇSN LgL_§Ch# XwÄlh#. . .
YHM mNfS yXGz!xB/@R LJ nWʹ (Sim. 9:1)ʺ9ÝÝ
ʺb×SõS ymjmÃW x±lÖ©! (c. 150) §Y bGÚê& ml÷T WS_ BZ`nT XNÄl
xStMéxLÝÝ bz!H m\rT [bmjmÃW x±lÖ©! 6 XÂ 13 §Y] xB XWnt¾ xM§K
nWÝÝ wLDÂ mNfS QÇS GN LK XNd m§XKT bh#lt¾ dr© Ãl# x¥LKT ÂcW
. . . ×SõS wLDN k”L UR y¸ÃmúSlW s!çN½ ”LN dGä kxB ytly xDR¯
ÃqRbêLÝÝ wLD xB nW y¸l# kxB UR xNÄCM TWWQ y§cWM¿ y›l¥T fÈ
yçnW xB LJ XNÄlW xÃWq$M ¥lT nW¿ YHM ymjmà LJ yXGz!xB/@R
”L XNÄ!h#M XGz!xB/@R nWʺ10 ÝÝ
4 David K. Bernard, Oneness and Trinity A.D. 100-300: The Doctrine of God in Ancient Christian
Writings (Hazelwood, Mo.: Word Aflame Press, 1991), 24.
5 Áv!D bRÂRD lql»NõSM çn ll@lÖc$ qdMT yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC yt-qmW g!z@½
xB²®c$ y¬KÂ yngr ml÷T l!”WNT lXnz!H qdMT yb@t KRStEÃN xbW kt-qÑbT
g!z@ b!ÃNS y\§ú ›mT L†nT xlWÝÝ l!”WNT yéÑ ql»NõS {/#ûN yÚfW b!b² 70
›.M §Y kns dGä 68 ›.M §Y nW y¸L xÌM x§cWÝÝ bz!H rgD lMúl@ y¸ktlWN
m{/F YmlkaL:— John A. T. Robinson, Redating the New Testament (Philadelphia:
Westminster, 1976), 352-53.
6 David K. Bernard, Oneness and Trinity, 30ÝÝ
7 Zn! k¥h#¿ 33ÝÝ
8 Zn! k¥h#¿ 33-34ÝÝ
9 Zn! k¥h#¿ 39-41ÝÝ
10 Zn! k¥h#¿ 39-41ÝÝ
3

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
ʺMNM XNµ* ×SõS mNfS QÇS k¸mlk# xµ§T máL ƒSt¾W xµL xDR¯
b!ÃqRbwM½ mNfS QÇS kxB ytly xµL XNd çn bGL{ x§S¬wqM¿ XNÄ!h#M
bƒSt$ xµ§T zND ÃlWN GNß#nT xLgl[MÝÝ bRG_ bbRµ¬ ï¬ãC §Y mNfSN
k”L UR xND xDRÙLÝÝ lMúl@ bmjmÃW x±lÖ©!W §Y XNÄ!H s!L {æxL½
ʹS?tT nW. . .mNfSNÂ yXGz!xB/@RN ^YL yXGz!xB/@R bk¤R kçnW k”l# ytly
¥DrGʹʺ11 ÝÝ
ʺ[y×SõS dq mZÑR] ¬tEÃN bmjmà ”L bXGz!xB/@R WS_ XNd nbR
ÃMÂL YH XMnt$M Ä!ÃtSúéN [ywNg@§T SÑÑnT] y×/NS 1÷1N ʹXGz!xB/@RM
”L nbrʹ BlÖ XNÄ!trg¤M xDR¯¬LÝÝ YHM xB²®c$ y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN
x¥NÃN KFl#N b¸trg¤ÑbT mLK yttrgÖm nWÝÝ y;§ðWN g!z@ z§lM
btmlkt y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN ;YnT xmlµkT xlWÝÝ k/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN
y¸lyWM MDR kmf-… bðT bnbr bxND wQT kXGz!xB/@R bmWÈT
kXGz!xB/@R ytly xµL çñxL y¸lW XMnt$ nWʺ12 ÝÝ
ʺQDm n!qEÃ g#Æx@ xbW xR×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?ʺ b¸lW RXS½
yxR×úWÃn#N n#Íq& YÍ ÆdrGNbT mNgD½ Xnz!H yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC sÆL×úêE
xÌM XNd l@§cW y¸ÃSrG-# bRµ¬ MNÆÆTN k‰úcW {/#æC §Y bq_¬
bm_qS y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃNN n#Íq& YÍ ¥DrG y¸ÒL b!çNM½ XSµh#N
kÁv!D bRÂRD bq_¬ y-qSÂcW KFlÖC ‰úcW½ Xnz!H yb@t KRstEÃN xÆèC
sÆL×úêE xmlµkT nb‰cW y¸lWN xÌM b+‰> y¸dGF xYdlMÝÝ
Xnz!H KRStEÃN xÆèC½ ʺxNÇ ml÷¬êE xµL ll@§W Yg²Lʺ y¸lW xnUg‰cW½
ysÆL×SNM çn y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃNN xStMHé y¸dGF xYdlM XNÄ!ÃWM
y¸ÈrS XN©!ÝÝ LK XNdnz!H yb@t KRStEÃN xbW TMHRT h#l#½ y|§s@ x¥NÃNM
xB½ wLD mNfS QÇS xND ;YnT Æ?RY XNħcW b!ÃMn#M yf”D mg²T
GN b|§s@ xµ§T mµkL XNÄl kÑl# LB Yqb§l#ÝÝ
yéÑ ql»NõS xB BÒ wYM wLD BÒ fȽ xÄ" g@¬ nW XSµ§l DrS½
Xnz!H yÆ?RY SäC xBN wYM wLDN ¥úy¬cW xBÂ wLD xND xµL ÂcW
wd¸lW DMÄ» y¸wSdN xYdlM (ʺx¥r mMHR nWʺÝÝ ʺtSÍü mMHR nWʺ
¥lT x¥r tSÍü xND xµL ÂcW ¥lT xYdlMÝÝ ymMHRnTN |‰ YU‰l#
¥lT XN©!)ÝÝ
xGÂ-!×S x!ys#S½ ʺb|U ytgl- xM§K nWʺ ¥lt$½ xB wLD nW y¸L sÆL×úêE
TMHRT ylWMÝÝ y|§s@ x¥NÃNM x!ys#S b|U ytgl- xM§K nW y¸L {n#
XMnT x§cWÝÝ x!ys#S b|U ytgl- xM§K mçn# xM§Knt$N y¸ÃúY XN©!½
x!ys#S xB mçn#N y¸ÃStMR xYdlMÝÝ
xGÂ-!×S x!ys#S mNfS QÇS nW x§lMÝÝ Áv!D k@ bRÂRD b¥Gn@¢EÃNS 15 §Y
mNfS ¥lt$ mNfS QÇS ¥lt$ nW y¸lW TN¬n@ÃcW S?tT nWÝÝ ymSk#
11 Zn! k¥h#¿ 68-69ÝÝ
12 Zn! k¥h#¿ 79-80ÝÝ
4

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
l!”WNT xGÂ-!×S bz!H ;WD mNfS y¸lWN ”L yt-qmW ʺxmlµkTʺ
wYM ʺxXMéʺ y¸lWN ”L b¸wKL mLk# BÒ nW 13 ÝÝ
l!”WNT /@R¥S Sl mNfS QÇS ÃlW xStMHé GL{ xYdlM y¸L /úB
y¸U„ b!çNM XNµ*½ /@R¥S TMHRt$ k/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN xStMHé UR xND
;YnT nW wYM k|§s@ÃWN xStMHé UR Y”rÂL ¥lT GN xYdlMÝÝ ʺbx!ys#S
|U WS_ y¸ÃDrW z§l¥êE yçnW mNfS kx!ys#S UR bU‰ y¸\‰ nWʺ
(Similitude 5:6) y¸lW y/@R¥S xnUgR½ wLD mNfS QÇS ytlÆ xµ§T
mçÂcWN b!ÃNS btwsn dr©M XNµ* b!çN y¸ÃmlKT nWÝÝ
×SõS s¥:T Sl |§s@ xStMHé y-‰ TMHRT nbrW y¥YÆL b!çNM½
xStMHéW GN xBÂ wLD xND xµL ÂcW y¸lWN y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃNN
xStMHé y¸dGF xYdlMÝÝ bRÂRD½ ʺb×SõS ymjmÃW x±lÖ©! (c. 150) §Y
bGÚê& ml÷T WS_ BZ`nT XNÄl xStMéxLʺ y¸lW NGG‰cW ×SõS sÆL×úêE
xmlµkT XNdl@lW GL{ y¸ÃdRG nWÝÝ ×SõS s¥:T½ ʺwLD yXGz!xB/@R
ybk¤R ”L XNÄ!h#M XGz!xB/@R nWʺ (Dialogue with Trypho, 11) ¥lt$ ywLDN
xM§KnT XN©! wLD ‰s# xÆt& BlÖ y¸-‰W xB nW ¥lT xYdlMÝÝ bRÂRD
‰úcW½ ʺ×SõS wLDN k”L UR y¸ÃmúSlW s!çN½ ”LN dGä kxB ytly
xDR¯ ÃqRbêLÝÝ wLD xB nW y¸l# kxB UR xNÄCM TWWQ y§cWM¿
y›l¥T fÈ yçnW xB LJ XNÄlW xÃWq$M ¥lT nW¿ YHM ymjmà LJ
yXGz!xB/@R ”L XNÄ!h#M XGz!xB/@R nWʺ y¸lWN y×SõSN NGGR bm_qS
xBÂ wLD XNÁT xND xµL ÂcW wd¸lW DMÄ» l!dRs# Òl#? YH XRúcW
y-qs#T y×SõS NGGR xB wLD ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN XN©! xND xµL
mçÂcWN b+‰> xÃmlKTMÝÝ
×SõS s¥:T½ ʺlXGz!xB/@R BÒ LNsGD YgÆLʺ (ymjmà x±lÖ©! 16)
XNÄ!h#M ʺlXGz!xB/@R BÒ SGd¬CNN XÂqRÆlNʺ (ymjmà x±lÖ©! 17)
mNfS QÇS l!mlK y¸gÆW xM§K nW (ymjmà x±lÖ©! 6) s!L mNfS QÇS
h#lt¾ wYM ƒSt¾ xM§K nW ¥lt$ úYçN½ LK XNd xBÂ XNd wLD SGdT
y¸gÆW xM§K mçn#N l¥mLkT nW (ymjmà x±lÖ©! 6)ÝÝ
×SõS s¥:T½ xML÷ lmqbL½ ʺynb!ÃT mNfSʺ kxBÂ kwLD k_lÖ ʺƒSt¾ʺ
(ymjmà x±lÖ©! 13) nW y¸lW xnUg„ wLD mNfS QÇS wYM xBÂ
mNfS QÇS ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN y¸ÃúY nWÝÝ bRG_ bbRµ¬ ï¬ãC §Y
mNfSN k”L UR xND xDRÙLÝÝ bRÂRD ×SõS s¥:T½ ʺbmjmÃW x±lÖ©!W
§Y XNÄ!H s!L {æxL½ ʹmNfSNÂ yXGz!xB/@RN ^YL yXGz!xB/@R bk¤R kçnW
k”l# ytly ¥DrG. . .S?tT nWʹʺ y¸lW xnUg‰cW mNfSNÂ mNfS QÇSN
XRS bRs# y¸ÃM¬¬ nWÝÝ ×SõS bz!H KFL mNfS s!L n#ÆÊN (×/NS 4÷24
13 E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches (Reprint, Grand Rapids: Zondervan 1998), 40 k J. B.
Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, trans., The Apostolic Fathers: Revised Greek Texts with Introductions and
English Translations (Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), 146; J. B. Lightfoot, ed. and trans., The
Apostolic Fathers: Clement, Ignatius, and Polycarp, Revised Texts with introductions, Notes,
Dissertations, and translations, 5 vols. (Reprint, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1989), 2:2:140. -Qî
XNd ÚfWÝÝ
5

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
ʺXGz!xB/@R mNfS nWʺ) ^YLN l¥úyT XN©!½ mNfS QÇSN l¥mLkT
xYdlMÝÝ
bRÂRD k¬tEÃN -QsW yÚûTM {/#F bGL{ y¸ÃúyW½ Glsb# |ls@ÃêE
xmlµkT XNÄLnbrW h#l# y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃNM m\rt XMnT XNdl@lW
nWÝÝ ¬tEÃN x!ys#S½ ʺMDR kmf-… bðT bnbr bxND wQT kXGz!xB/@R
bmWÈT kXGz!xB/@R ytly xµL çñxL y¸lW XMnt$ʺ q&S tKl@ bQRb# s¥ÃêE
|U b¸L kjm„T TMHRT UR kçn XN©!½ knÆ„ y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN
(UPCI) xStMHé UR y¸²mD xYdlMÝÝ nÆ„ y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN xStMHé
”L |U yçnW bzmn /Ä!S XN©!½ ʺMDR kmf-… bðTʺ xYdlMÂÝÝ
bt=¥M ¬tEÃN bGL{ x!ys#S½ ʺMDR kmf-… bðT bnbr bxND wQT
kXGz!xB/@R bmWÈT kXGz!xB/@R ytly xµL çñxLʺ ¥lt$ Glsb# sÆL×úêE
xÌM b+‰> XNÄLnbrW y¸ÃúY nW 14 ÝÝ
bRÂRD y¬tEÃNN y×/NS 1÷1 /úB bt²Æ mLk# nW ytrÇTÝÝ Y,WM:— (1)
ʺ”L kXGz!xB/@R UR xBé nbRʺ y¸lW y×/NS 1÷1 h#lt¾ ;rFt ngR wLDÂ
xB xND mçÂcWN (XNd bRÂRD xnUgR½ ʺ”L bXGz!xB/@R WS_ XNd nbRʺ)
úYçN xB wLD ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN y¸ÃStMR nWÝÝ (2) bRÂRD y×/NS
1÷1 ƒSt¾ ;rFt ngR mtRgÖM ÃlbT½ ʺ”LM XGz!xB/@R nbRʺ tBlÖ úYçN½
ʺXGz!xB/@RM ”L nbRʺ tBlÖ nW y¸lW xÌM yGKN sêsW bQ-# ÃgÂzb
xYdlMÝÝ YH ybRÂRD xÌM ʺXGz!xB/@Rʺ y¸lW ”L Ælb@T ÑÃ (Subjective)
ʺ”Lʺ dGä túb!¼xNq{ Ælb@T Ñà (Predicate nominative) nW y¸lWN g¤ÄY
¬úb! Ãdrg nWÝÝ ngR GN b×/NS 1÷1 ʺXGz!xB/@Rʺ túb! Ælb@T Ñý ʺ”Lʺ
dGä Ælb@T ÑÃ nW 15 ÝÝ y¬tEÃNN yGK QJ wd ytrgÖÑ l!”WNT ‰úcW YHN
y¬tEÃNN /úB ytrgÖÑT bz!h# mLK nW 16 ÝÝ ʺXGz!xB/@RM ”L nbrʺ y¸lW
TKKL¾ TRg¤M nW XNµ* b!ÆL½ ”L xB nW y¸L TRg¤M l!ñrW xYCLM¿
MKNÃt$M ”LÂ XGz!xB/@R xBrW Slnb„ XNÄ!h#M bh#lt¾W ;rFt ngR §Y
ÃlW XGz!xB/@R (θες t&ãS) WSN mSt¨MR (τν) ÃlW s!çN½ bƒSt¾W
;rFt ngR §Y ÃlW XGz!xB/@R (θες) GN WSN mSt¨MR yl@lW mçn# bGK
sêSW ymjmÃW t&ãS h#lt¾W t&ãS ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN y¸ÃúY
nWÝÝ
14 ¬tEÃN x!ys#S½ ʺMDR kmf-… bðT XNµ* kxB ytly ¥NnT nbrWʺ y¸L xÌÑN
k¸ktl#T mÚ?FT §Y YmLkt$:— y¬tEÃNN Pros Hellenonas (lGµWÃN ytdrg NGGR), 5,
in J.P. Mignʹ, ed., Patralogiæ Græcæ, 6:818-15 k¸ktlW m{/F {/#F UR ÃwÄD„:— J.E.
Ryland translation in Alexander Robers and James Donaldson, eds., The Ante-nicene Fathers:
Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A. D. 325, 10 vols. (Reprint, Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1975), 2:67.
15 ×/NS 1÷1 bqÈ×c$ yTMHRT g!z@ÃT bSÍT yMNmlktW g¤ÄY YçÂLÝÝ
16 E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches, 42 k D. Plooij, A Primitive Text of the Diatessaron: The
Liege Manuscript of a Mediæval Dutch Translation, A Preliminary Study (Leyden: A. W.
Sijthoffʹs Uitgeversmaatschappij, 1923), introductory note by J. Rendel Harris, 3. -Qî XNd
ÚfWÝÝ
6

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
III. Wg#Z kmsÆL×S!
Áv!D k@ bRÂRDN =Mé bRµ¬ y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN [ˆFÃN 17 QDm n!qEÃ
g#Æx@ xbW sÆL×úWÃN ÂcW y¸L TMHRT XÃSt¥„ b!g"M XWn¬W GN Xnz!H
yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC sÆL×úWÃN úYçn#½ ʺWg#Z kmxR×S wWg#Z kmsÆL×Sʺ
µl#T |§s@ÃWà xbW QNÈT ytl† §lmçÂcW y‰úcWN {/#æC bq_¬
bm_qS XWn¬WN XNmLkTÝÝ
bz!H SF‰ bX¥"nT yMN-QúcW xbW ê ê y¸Æl# /êRÃêE XNÄ!h#M
bh#lt¾WÂ bƒSt¾W mè KFl zmN ynb„TN qdMTÂ d^RT yb@t KRStEÃN
xÆèCN nWÝÝ
y/êRÃT b@t KRStEÃN [ˆFTM çn# |§s@ÃWÃN xND XGz!xB/@R BÒ xl 18 ½
xB XGz!xB/@R nW 19 ½ wLD XGz!xB/@R nW 20 XNÄ!h#M mNfS QÇS XGz!xB/@R
nW 21 b¸lW n_B §Y xND ;YnT XMnT b!ñ‰cWM xB½ wLD mNfS QÇS
ytlÆ xµ§T ÂcW wYS xYdl#M b¸lW n_B §Y GN YlÃÃl#ÝÝ Slz!H X¾
Tk¤rT yMÂdRgW kz!H q_lN yMN-QúcW yb@t KRStEÃN xÆèC xB½ wLDÂ
mNfS QÇS ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN bGL{ ¥St¥‰cWN nWÝÝ YH XWnT kçn
dGä Xnz!H yb@t KRStEÃN xbW |§s@ÃWÃN XN©! sÆL×úWÃN l!çn# xYCl#MÝÝ
xGÂ-!×S xB wLD ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN 22 XNÄ!H s!L {æxL:—
ʺbL;#l# xB XNÄ!h#M bL° bx!ys#S KRsèS cRnTʺ (Romans, inscription)
17 lMúl@ William B. Chalfant, Ancient Champions of Oneness: A History of the True Church of Jesus
Christ (Junction City, Kans.: 1979).
18 lMúl@ ql»NõS zéM¿ öéNèS 58¿ ¥Gn@¢EÃNS 8¿ /@R¥S The Shepherd, Mandate 1, in
Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, 82, 144, 422. E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches,
48 -Qî XNd ÚfWÝÝ
19 lMúl@ ql»NõS zéM¿ öéNèS 62¿ xGÂ-!×S x@ØîN inscription; Õl!”RÕS ðLùS†S 12¿
in Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, 84 (English), 39 (Greek), 137 (English), 105 (Greek),
181 (English), 173 (Latin). E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches, 48 -Qî XNd ÚfWÝÝ
20 lMúl@ Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, ql»NõS zéM¿ öéNèS 16 (English, p.
63, and Greek, p. 12); xGÂ-!×S x@ØîN inscription (English, 137, and Greek, 105), 1:1 (English,
137, and Greek, 105), 7:2 (English, 139, and Greek, 107), 18:2 (English 141, and Greek, 110), é»
inscription (English, 152, and Greek, 122), Õl!”RÕS 3:2 (English, 160, and Greek, 132), 8:2
(English, 162, and Greek, 134). E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches, 49 -Qî XNd ÚfWÝÝ
21 lMúl@ Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, ql»NõS zéM¿ öéNèS 58 (English, p.
82, and Greek, p. 36); Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, 1:2:301-2 [English], 169 [Greek]); xGÂ-!×S
¥Gn@¢EÃNS 13:1 (English, 146, and Greek, 115), Martyrdom of Polycarp, 14:3 (English, 208, and
Greek, 194), Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, 2:3:483 [English], and 388 [Greek]). E. Calvin Beisner
ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches, 49 -Qî XNd ÚfWÝÝ
22 YH yxGÂ-!×S ÑGT bšRpS ?G q¤_R 1 XÂ q¤_R 2 y¸g² S§Lçn xBÂ wLD xND
xµL ÂcW ¥lT S?tT nWÝÝ E. Calvin Beisner ʺJesus Onlyʺ Churches, 49.
7

QDm g#Æx@ n!qEÃ xbW sÆL×úWÃN nb„ wYS |§s@ÃWÃN?
/êRÃT ʺlKRSèS lxB ¬²ÎC ÂcWʺ (Magnesians, 13:2; Magnesians, inscription;
1:2; 13:1, Ephesians, 21:2; Trallians 1:1; Philadelphians, inscription; 1:1; 3:2; Polycarp,
inscription; and Smyrnæans, inscription) 23 .
ʺ›l¥T kmf-‰cW bðT kXGz!xB/@R UR ynbr XNÄ!h#M bzmn# m=rš §Y
ytgl-ʺ ÃlxÆt$ f”D ʺxNÄC ngR ¥DrG y¥YCLʺÝÝ ʺkxNÇ kxB zND ymÈʺ24 ÝÝ
Õl!”RÕS dGä XNÄ!H Y§L:—
ʺyg@¬CN yx!ys#S KRSèS xM§K xÆT XNÄ!h#M z§l¥êEW l!q µHN xM§K x!ys#S
KRSèS ‰s# bXMnTÂ bXWnT Ã{ÂCh#ʺ (Philippians 12:2).
bRÂÆS dGä:—
ʺg@¬ lX¾ nFS s!L |”YN ¬g\¿ y›lM h#l# g@¬ çñ úl XGz!xB/@R bXRs# bk#L
›l¥T kmf-‰cW bðT sWN bmLµCNÂ bMúl@ÃCN XNF-R xlʺ (Epistle of
Barnabas, 5:5, 9) 25 .
yb@t KRStEÃN xbW wLD mNfS QÇS ytlÆ xµ§T mçÂcWN {fêLÝÝ
ql»NõS:—
23 yGk#N QJ k Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, §Y YmlkaLÝÝ
24 Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, 144-45 (English), 113-14 (Greek)
25 Lightfoot and Harmer, The Apostolic Fathers, 273 (English), 247-48 (Greek)
8