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,sIysf’k;u ØkfUr ¼,sIysf’k;u fjokY;w’ku½ iSfy;kstksbd dSfEcz;u 10 djksM+ o"kZ djksM+ o"kZ VªkbyksckbV~l cSzfd;kiksM leqnzh thok.kq rFkk 'kSokyA (Palaeozoic) Cambrian(Age eksyLdk] bdkbuksMeZ of invertebrates) vkfn vd'ks:dhA vkWMksZohfl;u 7-5 djksM o"kZ 50 djksM+ o"kZ uhys&gjs 'kSoky] jh
(Carboniferous) cgqr mUur] iqjkru ljhlwi ftEuksLieZ rFkk cht;qDr rFkk edfM+;ksa o dhVksa dk QuZA tUeA vkWLVSªdksMeZ dk iruA ijfe;u 5 djksM+ o"kZ 28 djksM+ o"kZ VªkbyksckbV o fo'kkydk; ftEuksLeeZ esa 'kadq/kkjh o`{kks (Prtmian) mHk;pj dk iru] Lruh dk fodkl ykbdksiksM~l :i ljhlì dk tUe rFkk Dyc ekWl dk iru ’kSy ioZr ØkfUr ¼jkWd ekmaVsu fjokY;w’ku½ 5 ehlkstksbd Vªkb,fld 4-9 djksM 23 djksM o"kZi zFke v.M;qth Lruh] 'kadq/kkjh ftEuksLieZ ds (Mesoic) (Triassic) o"kZ izFke mM+us okys ljhlìksat axyA okLrfod QuZ dk fodkl] dqNq, igysd kQh ek=k esaA mUur gq, fQj foyqIrA twjSfld 4-6 djksM 18 djksM o"kZf o'kkydk; Mkbukslksj] ftEeuksLieZ dk fodkl (Jurassic) o"kZl jhlìksa dk fodkl pksVh ij ] iq"ih; ikS/kksa dh f'k[kj ij] nUr;qDr mRifRrA if{k;ksa dk fodkl] dhVHk{kh izksVksFkhfj;k rFkk eklwZfi;y Lrfu;ksa dk fodklA
Page 2 and 3: ‚¥∑§‹Ÿ ∞fl¥ ‚¥¬ÊŒ
Page 4 and 5: f` ts 2-1 ikfjfLFkfrdh ¼bZdksykWth
Page 6 and 7: o in fpUg ¼Qq+V fizaV~l½ 68 o [kq
Page 8 and 9: 5-2-6 oU; izk.kh i;ZVu 190 o bZdksi
Page 10 and 11: 5-2-7 oU;tho izca/ku esa iz;qDr gks
Page 12 and 13: nks izdkj ls gksrk gSA izFke] i;ZVd
Page 14 and 15: ou&Hkze.k dk vkuan ysuk pkgrs gS rk
Page 16 and 17: o LFkkuh; yksdHkk"kk] yksd u`R;] yk
Page 18 and 19: lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx dj ldsaA o mif
Page 20 and 21: vkHkkj ofj"B Hkw&oSKkfud] Hkkjrh; H
Page 22 and 23: 1.2 tho mRifRr ds pj.k ¼v½ jlk;fu
Page 26 and 27: fØVsf'k;l 7-2 djksM 13-5 djksM o"k
Page 28 and 29: 1.4 vko‘r chth dk mn~xe ¼fodkl½
Page 30 and 31: izfØ;k esa cM+s vkdkj ds jok curs
Page 32 and 33: 990 eh-½ iBkj rFkk leryh; lh
Page 34 and 35: catj] cq
Page 36 and 37: 2. tSo fofo/krk % gekjh vewY; laink
Page 38 and 39: izdkj ds gkjeksu vkSj ,atk;e feyrs
Page 40 and 41: okys ykSg v;Ld Hkh ,d cSDVsfj;k izt
Page 42 and 43: iztkfr;kaW mHk;pjksa dh 57 iztkfr;k
Page 44 and 45: tSo fofo/krk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s fd;
Page 46 and 47: oSKkfudksa dk ,slk ekuuk gS fd vkxk
Page 48 and 49: ;qx dk lcls [krjukd ikfjfLFkfrdh; l
Page 50 and 51: vi?kVd ¼fMdEikstj½ % bUgsa e`riks
Page 52 and 53: 2.1.3 f}rh;d thoh; vuqØe ¼lsds.Mj
Page 54 and 55: dkaVksaokyh gksrh gSA vk[ksa NksVh
Page 56 and 57: 1- ijLijrk ¼E;wP;w,fyT+e½ %& nksu
Page 58 and 59: 2.2.3 tSfod fu;=ka.k ¼ck;ksyksftdy
Page 60 and 61: le'khrks".k {ks=kksa ;k cQ+hZys igk
Page 62 and 63: vius ?kk;y vFkok chekj lkfFk;ksa ds
Page 64 and 65: jh
Page 66 and 67: oYMZ datosZ'ku ;wfu;u ¼vkbZ-;w-lh-
Page 68 and 69: o bf.M;u ek'kZ eaxwt o uhdksckj ';w
Page 70 and 71: oU; tho izcU/ku eq[;r% izkd`rkokl i
Page 72 and 73: ¼3½ og LFkku tgka unh leqnz ls fe
Page 74 and 75:
ij Hkh euq"; ,oa eosf'k;ksa ds vfr
Page 76 and 77:
izkd`rkoklksa esa lfEefyr u fd;k x;
Page 78 and 79:
e/;e ;k mPp e/;e vknzZ fLFkfr;ksa d
Page 80 and 81:
¼VsfjVksfj;fyTe½ dgk tkrk gSA izk
Page 82 and 83:
vkPNknu dks mi;ksx ds vk/kj ij fuEu
Page 84 and 85:
}kjk fd;k tk jgk gks ;k Lo;a euq";
Page 86 and 87:
eq[;r% fuEu {ks=kh; izek.k Q+hYM es
Page 88 and 89:
sanqvkA �dqRrk ifjokj dh iztkfr;k
Page 90 and 91:
igpku djus gsrq vR;ar vuqHko dh vko
Page 92:
Nky fudyh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA 3 M;w D
Page 95 and 96:
fo'o fo[;kr jksekapd oU; izk.kh ck?
Page 97 and 98:
�lqvj dUn [kkus ds fy;s tehu ij i
Page 99 and 100:
iSysV ¼ysM+h½ ,oa xkscj esa varj
Page 101 and 102:
vU; izek.k Ýsf;ax % Mh;j iztkfr ds
Page 103 and 104:
2- fofHkUu oU;tho iztkfr;ksa ds O;o
Page 105 and 106:
8- dkbV ¼phy½ 24 bap ;k 60 ls-eh-
Page 107 and 108:
lQsn 6- ekykckj ikbM gkuZfcy oØ] J
Page 109 and 110:
5- xqEcn vFkok xsan ds vkdkj ds ?kk
Page 111 and 112:
lkaHkj %& lkaHkj [krjs dk vkHkkl gk
Page 113 and 114:
3.1 dqN egRoiw.kZ oU;thoksa dh lkek
Page 115 and 116:
viokn % izd`fr esa dqN ,sls tho Hkh
Page 117 and 118:
vf/kd xgjk gksrk tkrk gSA bldk eq[;
Page 119 and 120:
ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ;g nf{k.k Hkkjr]
Page 121 and 122:
pkSflaxk ¼VsVªklhjl DokMz~h dkWfu
Page 123 and 124:
ysdj phu rd ik;s tkrs FksA ijUrq vc
Page 125 and 126:
ÅtkZ dh vko';drk gksrh gSA tks mls
Page 127 and 128:
sanqvk ¼isaFksjk ikMZl½ e/;e vkdk
Page 129 and 130:
yEcakbZ 60 ls-eh- rFkk iwaN 23 ls-e
Page 131 and 132:
izk;% yEch gkmfyax dh vkokt fudkyrs
Page 133 and 134:
varj Li"V fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA rqe tku
Page 135 and 136:
kkfj;kWaa gksrh gSaA blds tcM+s etc
Page 137 and 138:
otz’kYd ¼iasxksfyu½ 'kjhj ij do
Page 139 and 140:
[kkrs gSA ;s vDVwcj & uoEcj es e-iz
Page 141 and 142:
eknk ?kfM+;ky ,d lky esa ,d ckj vaM
Page 143 and 144:
lkQ+&lqFkjk j[kus esa Hkh enn djrs
Page 145 and 146:
4. iadok ifjokj ¼dksjeksjsaV ,.M M
Page 147 and 148:
gS] ij ;s vf/kd nsj rd mM+ku ugha H
Page 149 and 150:
etcwr vkSj iSuh gksrh gS ftlls ;s r
Page 151 and 152:
vyx&vyx vdkj ds N=kd gksrs gSaA bud
Page 153 and 154:
4. isM+&ikS/ksa dh igpku isM+&ikS/k
Page 155 and 156:
vkrs gaS tks yEcs le; rd cus jgrs g
Page 157 and 158:
1- Nky dk jax 2- Nky ds Hkhrj ?kko
Page 159 and 160:
jax ds Qwy twu ls flrEcj rd vkrs gS
Page 161 and 162:
9. rsanw ¼Mk;ksLik;jksl esykuksDyk
Page 163 and 164:
13. lsey ¼cksEcsDl lsfc;k½ Q+Sfey
Page 165 and 166:
17. [kSj ¼,fDl;k dSV~P;w½ Q+Sfeyh
Page 167 and 168:
21. tkequ ¼lkbtsf;e D;wfeuh½ Q+Sf
Page 169 and 170:
29. chtk ¼isVsjkdkjil~ ekWlqZfi;e
Page 171 and 172:
41. gjflaxkj ¼ukbdVsaFksl~ vcksZfV
Page 173 and 174:
ds :Ik esa ue&Hkwfe;kWaa ¼oSVyS.M~
Page 175 and 176:
5.1 Hkjr esa lajf{kr {ks=ksa ds izd
Page 177 and 178:
5-1-2 ,Dl&lhVw lajf{kr {ks=k Hkkjr
Page 179 and 180:
fy;s vfXu lhtu izkjaHk gksus ds iwo
Page 181 and 182:
8. Hkwfe laj{k.k dk;Z ¼lkby datosZ
Page 183 and 184:
5.2.1.1 ty izca/ku vkokl mUu;u dh f
Page 185 and 186:
gS fd ty] Hkkstu vkSj vkPNknu tSls
Page 187 and 188:
fcxM+s ?kl ds eSnkuksa dh igpku %&
Page 189 and 190:
dk"Bh; iztkfr iyk'k] rsUnw] ysfM+;k
Page 191 and 192:
eq[; [kjirokj iztfr;kWa ,oa mudh ig
Page 193 and 194:
vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dj ldus okys
Page 195 and 196:
5.2.2 ouksa esa vfXu] dkj.k] funku]
Page 197 and 198:
d- vizR;{k fof/k %& LFkkuh; fuokfl;
Page 199 and 200:
4- vipkjh mik; ¼jsesfM;y ehtlZ½ %
Page 201 and 202:
Zdks fodkl dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr eq[; :
Page 203 and 204:
ugha gS] rks Hkh mls 2 gs0 d`f"k ;k
Page 205 and 206:
o o fctyh lqfo/kkvksa dk fodkl o pk
Page 207 and 208:
xk; vkfn vf/kdrj jch dh Qlyksa ¼xs
Page 209 and 210:
fy, ;g t:jh gS fd lwpuk feyrs gh rR
Page 211 and 212:
oU;izk.kh laj{k.k ds n`f"Vdks.k ls
Page 213 and 214:
5.2.6.1 i;ZVu izca/ku jk"Vªh; m|ku
Page 215 and 216:
3- oU; izk.kh i;ZVu esa oU; izkf.k;
Page 217 and 218:
& unh] >jus ,oa >hy & ekuo izHkkfor
Page 219 and 220:
4- ikdZ Hkze.k ds mijkUr le; lnqi;k
Page 221 and 222:
lwpd %& ubZ ixMafM;ksa dk cu tkuk e
Page 223 and 224:
2- baVj fizVs'ku ek= tkudkjh nsuk u
Page 225 and 226:
[kky vkfn dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS
Page 227 and 228:
,sfrgkfld] ikfjfLFkfrdh; rFk izkd
Page 229 and 230:
ouLifr i;ZVu LFky dh ouLifr dk izdk
Page 231 and 232:
jkstd gksrk gS tgkWa fdlh izdks"B e
Page 233 and 234:
eNfy;ksa ds lkFk ,saxfyax ds dkWaVs
Page 235 and 236:
egRoiw.kZ L=kksr gSa] tks feV~Vh dk
Page 237 and 238:
5- iwjs lewg ij /;ku dsfUnzr j[ksa
Page 239 and 240:
i;kZIr laKku gksus ds ckn Hkh LFkku
Page 241 and 242:
u fn[kkbZ nsA lokZf/kd mi;ksxh twrk
Page 243 and 244:
dbZ ckj i;ZVd ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd
Page 246 and 247:
19- JàxkHk % ¼,aVyj½ vLFkkbZ] Bk
Page 249 and 250:
caxky o ckaXykns'k ds nynyh lqUnjou
Page 251 and 252:
7- ck?k ,oa rsUnqvk x.kuk D;k gS \
Page 253 and 254:
infpUg vxys iSj ds infpUg ds Åij i
Page 255 and 256:
lkekU; pky dk fu/kZj.k% eq[;r% 6 ç
Page 257 and 258:
10- okVj ckVy] 11- IykLVj vkWQ isfj
Page 259 and 260:
AA - yEckbZ AA - pkSM+kbZ fiNyk ck;
Page 261 and 262:
8. e/; izns’k esa oU;izk.kh laj{k
Page 263 and 264:
GUAJ RAT AJASTHAN R MAHARASHTRA UT
Page 265 and 266:
gSA izR;sd jk"Vªh; m|ku ,d eq[; ou
Page 267 and 268:
2. ,.Vh&iksfpax ,.M bUÝkLVªDpj Ms
Page 269 and 270:
uds vo;oksa ds voS/k O;kikj esa fyI
Page 271 and 272:
� cka/kox
Page 273 and 274:
tkrs gSaA bl ;kstuk dh lQyrk ds dkj
Page 275 and 276:
dsUnz 'kklu }kjk ns'k ds vU; fpfM+;
Page 277 and 278:
fjeksV lsaflax %& fjeksV lsaflax ,d
Page 279 and 280:
10. oU;izk.kh laj{k.k gsrq egRoiw.k
Page 281 and 282:
oU;izk.kh laj{k.k ls tqM+h laLFk,Wa
Page 283 and 284:
,oa fofo/krk ds laca/k eas vuqal/kk
Page 285 and 286:
lacaf/kr ladVxzLr ekbZxzsVjh oU;tho
Page 287 and 288:
lds vfrfjDr e-iz- essa ikbZ tkus ok
Page 289 and 290:
& dNqaxk VSaVksfj;k ¼lSYk] ykbo ;k
Page 291 and 292:
44- bafM;u fjoj VuZ dqjjh 45- Leky
Page 293 and 294:
vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks ,oa muds mi;ksx Ø
Page 295 and 296:
18- bdfy"V vYok Hka`xjkt NksVk ikS/
Page 297 and 298:
14- dkyes?k laiw.kZ ikS/kk eysfj;k]
Page 299:
45- taxyh I;kt cYc Ðn;oY;] xfB;k]
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