Issue 160

lh=k|=sf=sf= b=g+= ($÷@)^)÷)^! 

d=If]=x'=lg= b=g+= @)÷)^(÷&) 

d"No ?= $)÷– 

…cljlR5Gg k|sfzg 

eO/x]sf] ;flxlTos 

klqsf zAb–;+of]hg 

dfl;sÚ 

vf]hL vf]hL 

k9\g'xf];\Ú .

z'ef/De 

k|f= s]zj ;'j]bL 

xfdLn] xfd|f] ;+ljwfg agfPafkt cGt/f{li6«o lgod sfg'gsf] Go"gtd\ dof{bf;d]t 

g/fvL xfd|f] b]zdf gfsfaGbL nufOof] . To;sf lj?4 xfdLn] /fli6«o Pstfsf] 

efjgf k|s6 u/\of}F t/ To;nfO{ vf]qmf] /fi6«jfb elgof] Û xfdLn] xfd|f] :jfy{ / 

cl:dtfsf gf/fx¿ nufpg' vf]qmf], gSsnL / dw];lj/f]wL /fi6«jfb xf] eg] 

c¿n] eGg] u/]sf] ;Rrf / vFlbnf] /fi6«jfb s] xf] < b]z n}grf}/af6 xf]Og 

l;+xb/jf/af6 rNg'k5{ eGg' gSsnL /fi6«jfb xf] eg] ;SsnL /fi6«jfbsf] 

:j¿k s:tf] x'G5 < cfkm\gf hgk|ltlglwdfkm{t ;+ljwfg agfPafkt zq' /fi6«sf 

gful/s;/x g]kfnLx¿sf] gfsd'v y'Gg' pko'St ePg eGg' vf]qmf] /fi6«jfb xf] 

eg] el/nf] /fi6«jfb s] xf] < xfd|f /fhgLlts ;d:ofx¿n] lgsf; kfpg] af6f] 

v'n]sf] 5 / ca xfdLn] ;d[l4sf] dxfg\ ofqf yfNg'k5{ eGg' gSsnL /fi6«jfb 

xf] eg] ;SsnL /fi6«jfb s] xf] < b]zsf] k|d'v k|ltkIfL kf6L{n] cfkm\gf s'/f 

hgtf;dIf /fVg t/fO{–dw];s]lGb|t /fli6«o cleofg rnfpg' vf]qmf] /fi6«jfb 

xf] eg] vFlbnf /fi6«jfbLx¿n] ug{] /fhgLlts cEof; s:tf] x'G5 < xfdLn] xfd|f] 

zf;gJoj:yf cfkmF} rnfpg'k5{ c¿sf] tf]scfb]zaf6 rNg] xf]Og eGg' gSsnL 

/fi6«jfb xf] eg] ;SsnL /fi6«jfb vf]Hg sxfF hfg] xf] < o:t}o:tf cg]sf}F k|Zgx¿ 

g]kfnL hgdfg;df k}bf ePsf 5g\ . 

-;+:s[lt, cª\s !@, @)&# af6 ;fef/ _ 

1÷zAb–;+of]hg

vfN8}vfN8fo'St /fhwfgL / k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb{]zg 

/fhwfgL eg]sf] d'n'ssf] s]Gb|ljGb' 

xf] . /fhwfgL eg]sf] ;du| b]zsf] 

kl/rosf] ljDa xf] . d'n'ssf ;Dk"0f{ 

s]Gb|Lo lgsfo /fhwfgLdf cjl:yt 

x'G5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a} d'n'saf6 kfx'gf 

cfpFbf xf];\, eL=cfO{=kL=x¿ cfpFbf xf];\ 

:jfut /fhwfgLn] g} u/]sf] x'G5, ub{5 

To;}n] /fhwfgLnfO{ d'n'ssf] klxrfgsf] 

klxnf] ljDa dflgG5 . ;+;f/sf 

x/]s d'n'sn] cfkm\gf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd 

b]zsf ;a} e"efunfO{ ;d'Ggt kfg{] k|of; 

u/]sf x'G5g\, To;df klg /fhwfgLnfO{ 

;s];Dd lrl6Ss, /fd|f], ;kmf kf/]sf 

x'G5g\ . ;/sf/sf] of] bfloTj klg xf] . 

/fhwfgLn] ;du| b]zsf] klxrfg / kl/ro 

af]s]sf] x'g]x'Fbf ;s];Dd /fd|f], lrl6Ss, 

;kmf, ;'U3/ kfg{' /fHosf] k|yd\ bfloTo 

x'G5 eg] gful/ssf] klg TolQs} bfloTj 

/x]sf] x'G5 . 

;du| b]zsf] ;d[l4sf] nflu /fHosf 

gful/sn] cfk"mn] ug{] cfocfh{gaf6 

/fHonfO{ s/ lt/]sf x'G5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ 

Joj;foLn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] Joj;fosf 

dfWodaf6 /fHonfO{ cfos/, d"No 

clej[l4 s/, ;jf/L s/, ;DklQ s/, 

dfnkf]t, kfl/>lds s/nufotsf s/x¿ 

lt/]sf x'G5g\ . /fHosf cleGg cª\u 

dflgPsf ;a} If]qsf kfl/>lds k|fKt 

ug{] sd{rf/Lx¿n] klg cfkm\gf] cfoaf6 

/fHonfO{ s/ lt/]sf x'G5g\ / ToxL b]zsf 

;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 Odfgbf/ 

;/sf/ eP b]zsf] ljsf;df vr{ u/]sf] 

zAb–;+of]hg÷2 

;DkfbsLo 

x'G5, /fi6«;]jssf gfddf sd{rf/L kfn]sf] 

x'G5, ltgLx¿nfO{ kfl/>ldssf gfdaf6 

e/0fkf]if0f u/]sf] x'G5, ljsf;lgdf{0fsf 

nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] x'G5, 

ljsf;lgdf{0fsf / dd{t;Def/sf of]hgf 

agfPsf] x'G5 clg tL ;a}sf] Odfgbf/ 

sfof{Gjogsf dfWodaf6 b]zsf] ljsf; 

x'G5 . xfd|f] b]zsf nflu dfq xf]Og 

;+;f/el/ oxL s'/f nfu" x'g] xf] / eO/x]sf] 

5 . 

Hofb} lj8Dagfsf] s'/f dfGg'k5{, xfd|f] 

b]zdf rflxF ;/sf/ gfdsf] d'n'snfO{ 

s;/L n'6\g ;lsG5 eGg] Pp6f ;+oGq 5 

Û :yfoL ;/sf/ dflgg] 7'n} le8ef8 klg 

5 Û x/]s jif{ of]hgf klg aG5g\, ah]6 

klg lgdf{0f x'G5 Û t/ crDdsf] s'/f – g 

of]hgfd'tflas sfd x'G5 Û g ljlgof]hg 

u/]sf] ah]6 vr{ x'G5 Û g ljsf;lgdf{0fsf 

sfd oyf;dodf ;DkGg x'G5g\ Û obfsbf 

;DkGg ul/Psf sfd klg g lgM:jfy{ 

;DkGg x'G5g\ Û g /fHosf]ifaf6 tna 

vfg] clg /fHosf] of]hgfd'tflas sfd 

gug{] sfdrf]/ tyf d'n'sdf/fnfO{ /fHon] 

sf/jfxL u5{ Û of]eGbf ult5f8f, nDk6 

k|j[lQ c¿ s] x'g;S5 < d'n'sjf;Ln] 

/ut / kl;gfsf] c+zsf ¿kdf /fHonfO{ 

lt/]sf] /sd vr{;Dd ug{g;Sg], of]hgf 

sfof{Gjogsf Odfgbf/ k|oTg;Dd klg 

gug{], sfd ul/xfn] klg :jfy{k/s, 

a]OdfgLo'St, e|i6frf/hGo sfd ug{] 

O;f/fjfbL, nDk;f/jfbL, d'n'sdf/f of] 

b'isd{ bl08t x'g' t stf xf] stf emg\

k'/:s[t eO/xg], nDk;f/jfbL /fhgLlts 

a]Odfgx¿sf jl/kl/ 3'd]/ ;+/If0f k|fKt 

ul//xg] / hgtf rflxF hlxn] klg pk]lIft 

eO/xg] of] k|j[lQ slxn];Dd df}nfO/xg] xf] 

< slxn];Dd d'n's / hgtfn] of] lgolt 

ef]lu/xg'kg{] xf] < hgtfsf] /utkl;gfsf] 

c+z hDdf ul/Psf] /fHosf]if n'6]/ … 

pNkmfsf] wg k'mk'sf] >f4Ú h;/L 

cf;]kf;], rDrf / rf6'sf/nfO{ dgkl/ 

9ª\un] /sd afF8\g] clg s/ ltg{] hgtf 

eg] ;8ssf vfN8fdf k'l/g'kg{], sltv]/ 

sxfF dl/G5 eg]/ 8/fO{ 8/fO{ ;8s¿kL 

kf]v/Ldf t}l/Fb} ofqf ug'{kg{] cj:yfsf] 

cGt slxn] x'G5 < ;/sf/¿kL n'6]/faf6 

n'l6gaf6 d'n's slxn] hf]luG5 < 

/fi6«;]js eGg] zAbnfO{ abgfd u/]/ 

cfkm\gf] bfloTj lgjf{x gu/L ah]6 vr{ 

ug{g;Sg] / cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf cfP/ 

6fn6'n] sfd u/L ah]6 dfq ;Sg] clg 

lan agfP/ /fi6«sf] 9's'6L em\jfd kfg{] 

t/ ;fpg nfUbfgnfUb} c;f/ d;fGtdf 

ul/Psf] 6fn6'n km]l/ vfN8fv'N8Ldf 

kl/0ft eOxfNg] cj:yfsf] cGt slxn] 

x'G5 < /fHosf]if eg]sf] h;/L klg 

n'6\g] dfq / n'6]/ vfg] dfq s'/f xf] eGg] 

n'6]/f dfgl;stfsf] cGt slxn] x'G5 < 

sfd gug{]n] b08 / ug{]n] k'/:sf/ kfpg] 

Joj:yfsf] yfngL slxn] x'G5 < 

/fHosf] :yfoL ;+oGqn] sfd 

gug{], /fhgLltsf kl5 kl5 bf}8g] / 

;+If0f k|fKt ug{], 6fn6'n] gLlt lng] / 

e|i6frf/df lnKt x'g], b08ljxLgtfsf] 

cj:yf …o'l/of xfn]sf] d'nf em}F df}nfpg]Ú 

ljBdfg cj:yfsf] cGt slxn] xf]nf < 

unt sd{ / k|j[lQnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{], ub{} 

hfg] / ul//xg]Ù csf{sf] O;f/fdf sfd 

ug{], c/fPsf] dfq sfd ug{], d'n'ssf] 

lxteGbf cGoqsf] lxtdf nDk;f/ 

kg{] k|j[lQ sd{rf/LtGqdf ;d]t ;/]/ 

uPsf sf/0f g} lhDd]jf/Laf6 6f9f 

efUg], cfkm\gf] :jfy{cg's"n dfq 

sfo{;Dkfbg ug{], d'n'ssf] lxtdf ;f]Rb} 

g;f]Rg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] xf] eGg] cfwf/ 

/fhgLltn] g} to ul/lbPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ 

xfd|f] d'n'ssf] k|foM /fhgLlt hgtfsf 

k|lt Odfgbf/ g/x]sf], O;f/fdf rn]sf], 

nDk;/fjfbL ePsf], cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] 

lxteGbf c¿sf] lxtdf sfd ul//x]sf] 

h:tf b'isd{n] cg'zf;gxLg, e|i6frf/L 

/ 5f8ftGq df}nfO/x]sf] 5 . …d'xfg ;kmf 

ePg eg] l;ª\uf] gbL b"lift x'G5Ú eGg] 

s'/f k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . unt lgot 

ePsf, hgtfsf nflu /fhgLlt ul//x]sf 

5f}F eGg] e|d km}nfpg] t/ csf{sf] :ki6 

O;f/fdf sfd ul//x]sf :jfyL{, 

e|i6frf/L, kbnf]n'k, nDk;f/jfbL / 

n'6]/f /fhgLlt1n] d'n's ;~rfngsf] 

lhDdf kfPsf / …hgtf tyf d'n'ssf] 

;]jf eg]sf] /fhgLlt xf]Ú eGg] oyfy{af]w 

gu/]sf sf/0f /fhgLlt emg\ emg\ b"lift 

eO/x]sf] / hgtfn] b'Mv kfO/x]sf] oyfy{ 

3fdhlQs} 5n{ª\u 5 . 

/fHo;~rfngsf] lhDdf lnPsf / 

sd{rf/LtGqsf] ;jf{]Rrf;gdf a;]sf 

JolStx¿n] sDtLdf klg /fHon] agfPsf 

of]hgf sfof{Gjog eP ls ePgg\ < 

sfof{Gjog ePgg\ eg] s] slt sf/0fn] 

ePgg\ < /fHosf] ljlgof]lht ah]6 

vr{ eof] ls ePg < ePg eg] s] 

slt sf/0fn] ePg < ;Dkfbg ul/Psf 

sfo{x¿ u'0f:t/o'St eP ls ePgg\ < 

u'0f:t/o'St sfd ug{sf nflu cfjZos 

3÷zAb–;+of]hg

kg{] cg'udg eof] ls ePg < cg'udg 

ePg eg] s] slt sf/0fn] ePg < 

cg'udg ug{] bfloTj /fHo;+oGqsf] xf] 

ls xf]Og < of] bfloTj lgjf{x gug{]n] 

bl08t x'g'kYof{] ls kb{}gYof] < b08 lbg] 

nDk;f/jfbLx¿n] xfd|f dfG5] eg]/ sfvL 

RofKg] clg e|i6frf/LnfO{, sfdrf]/nfO{, 

n'6]/fnfO{ / Hofgdf/fnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{'sf] 

;6\6f k|efj jf bafadf k/]/ ;+/If0f lbg' 

emg} 7'nf] ck/fw xf] ls xf]Og < oL 

ofat k|Zgsf] hafkm hgtfnfO{ s;n] 

lbg] < clg of] df}nfO/x]sf] c/fhstf 

/ b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfnfO{ 6'n' 6'n' x]/]/ 

hgtfn] slxn];Dd a:g'kg{] < of] Hofb} 

g} uDeL/ / k]lrnf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . 

jf:tjd} g]kfnL hgtfn] of] cj:yfnfO{ 

Hofb} g} uDeL/tfsf ;fy lng'kg{] j]nf 

eO;s]sf] 5, cem l9nf] g} eO;s]sf] 5 . 

;/sf/ …sf]eGbf sf] sdÚsf] z}nLdf 

d'n's n'6\g p4t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\gf 

cf;]kf;], rDr] / sfd gu/L n'6]/ vfg 

kNs]sfx¿nfO{ ;xof]usf] gfddf 

/fHosf]if n'6fpg] sfo{df ;/sf/ k|d'vx¿ 

s;n] a9L n'6fpg;S5 eg]/ Pskl5 

csf{] ub{} xf]8afhL ul//x]sf 5g\ / e/v/} 

labf ePsf] ;/sf/n] /fHosf]ifaf6 ;q 

s/f]8 afF8]sf] ;fj{hlgs klg ePsf] 

5 . oqf] /sdn] b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf 

ljsf;sf 7'n} sfd ug{;lsGYof] eGg] 

Go"gtd\ g}lts lhDd]jf/Laf]w;d]t gu/L 

/fHosf]if lgn{Hh¿kdf n'6]/ vfg' eg]sf] 

r/d a]OdfgL xf], clgoldttfsf] k/fsfi7f 

xf], lgn{Hhtfsf] xb xf], v'Nndv'Nnf 

8s}tL xf] . s8f P]g lgod lgdf{0f gug{'Ù 

P]g lgodsf sdLsdhf]/Laf6 kmfObf 


p7fP/ unt sfd ug{', kf/bzL{9ª\un] 

sfd gug{', lgot g} vf]6f] / a]Odfg x'g' 

;/sf/df a;]sfx¿sf] ljz]iftf g} ag]sf] 

5 . 

/fhwfgL gfdsf] of] 

;x/df /fHo;+oGqn] sfd gu/]sf], 

of]hgfx¿ cnkq k/]sf, ;8slgdf{0fsf] 

7]Ssfcjlw nfdf] ePsf] / ;f] cjlwdf 

klg 7]s]bf/n] sfd gu/]sf]], klxn] g} 3'; 

VjfP/ 7]Ssf lnPsf], cg'udg ug{]n] 

3fF6L;Dd cfpg] u/L 8sf/]/ 7]Ssf k|bfg 

u/]sfn] cg'udg gePsf], sfd gug{]n] 

b08 kfpg'kg{]df emg\ k'/:sf/ kfO/x]sf], 

ck/fwLn] pGd'lSt kfPsf sf/0f hgtfn] 

lt/]sf] /utkl;gfsf] c+zsf] 

;b'kof]u gePsf] oyfy{ x\jfª\u} ePkl5 

clg /fhwfgLs} ;8sdf lbgbxf8} 

dfG5] 8'a]/ / au]/ dg{ yfn]kl5 hgtfsf 

cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfNgsf nflu k|wfgdGqLn] 

;8slgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfosf 

k|d'vx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ vfN8f k'g{ lgb{]zg 

lbPsf] xf:of:kb Pjd\ asdk'm;] ;dfrf/ 

;fj{hlgs x'Fbf hgtf emg\ ddf{xt ePsf 

5g\ . k|wfgdGqL h:tf] ;jf{]Rr JolStn] 

;8ssf] b'/fj:yf lg/LIf0f u/]sf e/df / 

;8ssf vfN8fv'N8L k'g{" eGg] lgb{]zg 

hf/L u/]sf e/df ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg 

vf]Hg' eg]s} r/d u}/lhDd]jf/L xf]Og / < 

cfh k'/]sf] vfN8f] ef]ln p:t} x'G5 . of] 

:yfoL ;dfwfg xf] t < l56f]eGbf l56f] 

:yfoL ;dfwfg ug{ / bL3{sfnLg 

sfo{;Dkfbg geP sfg'gadf]lhd s7f]/ 

b08sf] eflubf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] lgb{]zg;Dd 

lbgg;Sg'af6 s] ck]Iff ug{;lsG5 < 

emf/f 6fg{] lgb{]zgsf] s] cy{ x'G5 < 

/d]z kf]v/]n

o; cª\sdf 

ljz]if ;+jfb 

h;n] === –>Lxl/ km'ofFn÷!# 

sljtf 

k|ltalGwt === – e'jgxl/ l;Ub]n÷@! 

k|tLIff=== – k|zfGt v/]n÷#% 

s:tf]=== – d's'Gb kf]v/]n÷$% 

cfwf/e"t===– dw'z"bg kf}8]n÷%) 

kf}/vL=== – ob'gfy j;Gtk'/]÷%% 

38L=== – s] kL cGhfg n'OF6]n÷%^ 

cg'jfb÷sljtf 

/ft – gjn gjn÷#^ 

gLnd – 8f= efjgf÷#& 

syf÷n3'syf 

cNnf/]=== – 8f= ljb'/ rfln;]÷@@ 

eljiojf0fL=== – /fddl0f kf]v/]n÷$^ 

o; k6s 

clgtf nfdf÷* 

bz{g÷lgaGw÷;dfnf]rgf÷ 

b[li6sf]0f÷hflt kl/ro 

cfsf+Iff – cf/ dfgGw/÷!* 

PS;g– k|]d/fh l;njfn÷!( 

u'?===– ;ldgf vgfn÷@# 

;+:s[lt===– /fd ljgo÷#* 

r]kfª===– zLtn lu/L÷%@ 

km6\ofOF===– 8f= /ljnfn clwsf/L÷%& 

:yfoL :tDe 

lzv/ JolQmTj 

u':tfa ˆnf]a]c/÷& 

;dfrf/ ÷^# 

cg"e"lt 

k|f=8f= dxfb]j cj:yL÷^$ 

zAb–;+of]hg 

-dfl;s ;flxlTos k|sfzg_ jif{ !$ cª\s % k"0ff{ª\s !^)÷@)&$ ebf}+ 

lhk|sfsf b=g+= ($÷@)^)÷)^! 

;Nnfxsf/M 8f= df]bgfy k|l>t, k|f= 8f= hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L, /fd ljgo 

k|f= s]zj ;'j]bL, O{= dx]Gb| u'?ª 

;flxTo ;GWofsf nflu k|sfzs÷;+/IfsM jf;'b]j clwsf/L 

k|wfg ;DkfbsM /d]z kf]v/]n 

sfo{sf/L ;DkfbsM ;'dL nf]xgL 

;DkfbsM ¿ks cnª\sf/ 

snfM u0f]zs'df/ hL=;L= cfj/0f ;f}HGoM u'un -/fh]Gb| /fjt_ 

k|ltlglwM k'0ok|;fb v/]n-emfkf_, xl/k|;fb ltldlN;gf -g]kfnuGh_, gd'gf zdf{ -lrtjg_ 

Email : s_samyojan@yahoo.com Website : www.shabdasamyojan.com 

d'b|0fM kmDof{6 lk|lG6ª k|];, eTs]sf] k'n xfFl8ufpF, sf7df8f}F 

;fh;HhfM 6r lqmP;g k|f= ln= 

5÷zAb–;+of]hg

…xfdL g]kfnLx¿df h'g;'s} If]qdf klg sfd 

u/]/ b]vfpg;Sg] cj:yf 5 / ;kmn klg 

x'g;lsG5 . gofF k|ljlw / gofF If]qx¿df 

xfdL hfg}k5{ . d'VotM xfdLdf k|ltj4tf, 

nugzLntf, cfF6 / ;fx; rflxG5 .Ú 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 

;"rgf ljefu

lzv/ JolQmTj 

u':tfa ˆnf]a]c/ 

Oltxf;df 

km|fG;sf] pkl:ylt cToGt 

ljZj;flxTosf] 

x:tIf]ksf/L 5 . km|fG;n] w]/} 

ljZjk|l;4 ;flxTosf/x¿ hGdfPsf] 5 . 

tL dxfg\ ;flxTosf/dWo u':tfa km\nf]a]c/ 

klg Ps x'g\ . oyfy{jfbL pkGof; n]vgdf 

u':tfan] a]Un} klxrfg agfPsf 5g\ . 

dfbfd af]ef/L pgsf] ax'rlr{t pkGof; 

xf] . ;g\ !*@! l8;]Da/ !@ df km|fG;sf] 

?cfF eGg] 7fpFdf hGd]sf u':tfasf afp 

8fS6/ lyP . afpsf] /fd|f] cfDbfgL ePs} 

sf/0f u':tfasf] afNosfn ;'vdo g} 

/x\of] . 

afNosfnb]lv g} kf7\ok':tsdf eGbf 

cGo lstfa k9\gdf ?lr /fVg] u':tfan] 

cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg n]vgdf g} latfP . 

ljz]iftM cfkm\gf] cfnf]rgf ;'Gg g;Sg] 

u':tfa PsfGtk|]dL lyP . pgL n]v]/ 

k};f sdfpg x'Gg eGg] klg 7fGy] . pgn] 

cfkm\gf] hLjg hGd:yfgdf g} latfP Tof] 

klg afpn]g} lslglbPsf] 3/df ;g\ !**) 

d] * df pgsf] b]xfGt eof] / km|fG;sf] 

?cfFdf g} pgsf] cGTo]li6 ul/of] . 

u':tfa km\nf]a]c/n] ;flxTosf w]/} 

ljwfdf snd rnfP ofqf ;+:d/0f, gf6s, 

syf, pkGof; pgsf lk|o ljwf x'g\ . 

pgn] cfkm\gL k|]ldsfnufotnfO{ n]v]sf 

kqx¿;d]t ;flxlTos u'0fn] ;DkGg 5g\ 

To:tf lr7Lx¿ klg ;flxlTos s[ltsf 

¿kdf k|sflzt 5g\ . ofqf ;+:d/0f, 

gf6s / syf ljwfdf klg pgsf s[ltx¿ 

k|sflzt 5g\ t/ pgnfO{ ljZjljVoft 

agfpg] ljwf eg] pkGof; g} xf] . dfbfd 

af]ef/L, gf]efa|F, ;fnfFDaf], efj'stfk"0f{ 

lzIff, ;Gt cfFTjfgsf] k|nf]eg, a'ef/ b] 

k]s'z] h:tf pkGof; u':tfan] n]v]sf 

5g\ . ;+;f/n] dfbfd af]ef/LnfO{ a9\tf 

lrg] tfklg u':tfa eg] efj'stfk"0f{ lzIff 

gfds s[ltnfO{ cAan dfGy] . 

u':tfan] /f]dfG;]nL sfNklgstfdf 

x/fO/x]sf] km|fG;]nL ;flxTo hut\nfO{ 

oyfy{ w/ftndf cf]/fNg] sfd u/] . 

cfkm}+n] b]v]sf, ef]u]sf / cg'ej u/]sf 

ljifonfO{ lgs}a]/ tf}n]/ dfq pgL /rgfdf 

ptf5{g\ . hLjgsf] JofVof ug{] / csf{nfO{ 

pkb]z lbg]eGbf klg ;dfhsf] jf:tljs 

lrq kf7s;fd' /flvlbg] pgsf] k|j[lQn] 

g} pgnfO{ ljZjrlr{t oyfy{jfbL 

pkGof;sf/sf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/lbPsf] 

xf] . 

u':tfa km\nf]a]c/n] ljifoj:t'sf] 

oyfy{ k|:t'ltdf Wofg lbP tfklg 

pgsf] z}nL eg] lgs} kl/isf/k"0f{ 

dflgG5 . cnª\sf/ / cg'k|f;df 

lkml6Ss} Wofg glbg] pgL k|;ª\ufg's"nsf] 

zlQmzfnL uBefiffsf] lgdf{0fdf eg] lgk'0f 

dflgG5g\ . pgsf ljrf/df ;flxTosf/sf] 

sfd c¿nfO{ ;'wfg{] jf hLjgsf] JofVof 

u/]/ lgSof{]n lgsfNg] geO{ hLjg / 

hut\sf] jf:tljstfsf] oyfy{ ¿k k|:t't 

ug'{ xf] . 

¿ks cnª\sf/ 

7÷zAb–;+of]hg

o; k6s 

clgtf nfdf 

lj=;+=@)#! r}q # ut] sfe|]knfGrf]s lhNnfsf] d]R5] uf=lj=;=df dftf sfG5L -dfof_ 

nfdf / lktf sfG5f nfdfsL ;'k'qLsf ¿kdf hlGdPsL clgtf nfdfn] ;dfh–zf:q ljifodf 

:gftsf]Q/;Ddsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;n u/]sL 5g\ . ljleGg kqklqsfdf ;flxlTos Pjd\ 

;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f cleofg;Fu ;DalGwt y'k|} n]v/rgf k|sflzt u/fO;s]sL clgtfsf … 

cg'/fuÚ sljtf;ª\u|x @)%* / …ck{0fÚ sljtf;ª\u|x @)&) k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . @)^* 

r}qdf tTsfnLg u'?s'n k'/fgf] afg]Zj/df Psn sljtfjfrg ul/;s]sL pgn] @)&@ ;fndf 

df]u{g sn]h a;'Gw/fdf …sljtf ;+jfb sfo{qmdÚ;d]t ;~rfng ul/;s]sL 5g\ . pgsf Pp6f 

sljtf;ª\u|x / Pp6f cfn]vsf] ;ª\u|x k|sfzf]Gd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . zf:qLo ;ª\uLtdf 

k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ clgtfn] ljleGg ;df/f]xdf :6]h k|:t'lt;d]t lbO;s]sL 5g\ . 

pb\3f]if0f snfsL hfgsf/ clgtf g]kfnL, cª\u|]hL, g]jf/L, lxGbL / tfdfª efiffsL hfgsf/ 

klg x'g\ . emds l3ld/] ;flxTo–snf k|lti7fgnufot em08} cfwf bh{g ;flxlTos–;fdflhs 

;ª\3;+:yfdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;+nUgtf b]vfO/x]sL clgtf xfn a'9fgLns07 gu/kflnsf j8f 

g+=$ df :yfoL a;f]jf; ub{l5g\ . ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f cleofgsL cleoGtf;d]t /x]sL clgtf 

;flxTol;h{gf / ;dfh;]jfdf ;dfg¿kdf ;lqmo /x]sL l5g\ . ;dfhdf JofKt cGofo, cTofrf/, 

zf]if0f / lje]bsf] lj/f]wÙ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf kIfdf ;zQm Pjd\ lgeL{s cleJolSt 

;Dk|]if0fÙ ;/ntfsf dfWodaf6 uDeL/ efj cleJoSt ug{] sf}zn clgtf nfdfsf sljtfsf 

ljz]iftf /x]sf kfOG5g\ . ;flxTo / ;fdflhs–/fhgLlts cleofgnfO{ ;Fu} n}hfg] log} ;lqmo 

;|i6fsf tLgcf]6f sljtf xfdLn] …o; k6sÚ :tDedf k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}F . 

…x\of/L, cf:ofª / ;flxafÚ zLif{ssf] klxnf] sljtfdf cefju|:t hLjg afFr]sf >ldsx¿sf] 

kL8f cleJoSt ePsf] 5 . hf] >d u5{g\, lbg/ft gegL kl;gf aufpF5g\ pgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/ 

sxfnLnfUbf] /x]sf] 5, cefj / kL8fdf afFr]sf 5g\ clg cfln;fg dxndf a:g]n] dhb'/sf] 

kl;gf / /ut ldl;P/ ag]sf] 3/ xf] eGg] e'n]sf], s[tWg ag]sf] oyfy{ tl:a/ lvlrPsf] 5 

/ ;dfhsf] of] lje]b¿kL kvf{n geTsfpFbf;Dd ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f x'gg;Sg] ;Gb]z 

WjGofy{df ;Dk|]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . …:j:yfgL ;fª\u]Ú zLif{ssf] bf];|f] sljtfdf :j:yfgLsf] j|t 

u/]/ kltldng x'G5, b'Mv x6]/ hfG5 eGg] cGwljZjf;sf syf k9]/ cefj / ul/aLsf sf/0f 

k/b]l;Psf kltsf] ;':jf:Yo / bL3f{o'sf] sfdgfsf ;fy :j:yfgL j|t s;]sL dlxnfn] afs;df 

aGb eP/ nf]Ug]sf] d[t nf; a'em'g'kbf{sf] kL8f / cGwljZjf;df ?dlnPsf] ;dfhsf] oyfy{ 

tyf ddf{Gt kL8f Ps};fy cleJoSt ub{} e|d / ?l9jfbaf6 d'St gx'Fbf;Dd / a]/f]huf/sf] 

;d:of ;dfwfg gubf{;Dd hLjg ;'vL x'gg;Sg] b[li6sf]0f ;Dk|]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . …d';'l/ofÚ 

zLif{ssf] t];|f] sljtfdf cefjk"0f{ hLjg afFRg] ljkGg ju{sf lgd'vf hgtfn] afFr]sf] si6;fWo 

hLjgJoyfnfO{ phfu/ ul/Psf] 5 clg j0f{, hftsf cfwf/df ul/g] ;fdflhs lje]b / pgLx¿n] 

ef]Ug afWo cefjk"0f{ hLjgsf] ddf{Gt kL8f cleJoSt ePsf] 5 . 

zAb–;+of]hg÷8

Xof/L, cf:ofª / ;flxaf 

p;sf] nf]slk|o gfd Xof/L 

;fFrf] gfd x/]/fd 

x/]/fd k|To]s laxfg k'U5 

kvf{n nufpg / 9nfg ug{ 

;x/df w/x/f 9Nof] e'OFrfnf]n] 

t/ p;sf] prfO emg\ clUnof] 

pm dfly dfly 

w/x/feGbf cem dfly 

afF;sf] vl6ofdf em'QL v]N5 

OF6fsf] kvf{n cUnfpF5 

;dfgfGt/ l;wf :s]n h:tf] 

d;nfsf] 3f]n pafpFb} 

pm ;':t u'Gu'gfPsf] ;'lgG5 

t/ a'lemFb}g p;sf] ufgf . 

pm vfhf c8{/ u5{– 

ad, rgf / b'O{ sk u'lnof] lrof Û 

g;f/f]un] cf]R5\ofg k/]sL 

la/fdL >LdtL / b'O{ gfgLx¿sf] hf]xf] 

;DemFb} 

3'6'Ss ;'sf{pF5 lrof 

l/lQP5 rgfsf] Kn]6 

l/lQP5 uf]hL Û 

eGg] u5{ Xof/L – 

of] afF; r9]sf] yfxfePb]lv 

dbf{;Dd rflxg] oxL t xf] 

a? o;}df em'l08d\ ls s] xf] < 

n' vf t Psaf/sf] hLjg 

slt b'Mvlhnf] v]Kg' 

9÷zAb–;+of]hg

kf/lbd\ ls vQd < 

cf:ofª, 

l;d]G6 / afn'jfsf] 9fs/ 

v'Oo ub}{ 9f8df t];f{pF5 

9Nnf 9Nnf h:tf] yy{/fpF5 

/ ;lxafn] ydfpF5] . 

l;d]G6, lu6L, afn'jf 

kfgL ld;fPsf] 3f]n 

cf:ofª v'a l56f] agfpF5 

/ 9nfg Knf:6/ ;'Gb/ ;hfpF5 

5f]/f5f]/L b'aO, dn]l;of 

Gffltgf b'O{ ;fyL 5f8]/ 

cf:ofªsL hxfgn] wtL{ 5f8]sf] 

5 jif{ eof] /] 

zfnLg cf:ofª 

d';'Ss d':s'/fpFbf 

Xof/Ln] r'/f]6 Vof/{ ;NsfpF5 

;flxaf ufnL u5]{ 

Gfvfg' cf:ofª slt eGg' 

Kfmf]S;f] lau|]/ d]/f] cAaf lat]sf] 

cl:t h:t} nfU5 

gvfg';\ s] cf:ofª Û 

…cf:ofªsf] v';L 

ToxL r'/f]6 t xf] 

Tof] klg lsg glbg'

:j:yfgL ;fª\u] 

Ps 5fs vfPsL 5] s] eGg' 

rD;'/sf] /;eGbf bf]Aa/ 

5f]/Ln] b'w tfg]sL 5] ltgsf] 

t}klg dWofx\g u'Xo]Zj/L 

a]lnk'ik lnP/ 

b}lgs 8'Ag k'u]sL 5] . 

z]ifgfusf bDklQ ldng em}F 

pgsf] bDklQldng 

vf]O{ lsg emg\ emg\ a]kQf 5 

cfh :j:yfgL ;fª\u] x'g]jfnf 5 

vf]O{ uf]dfsf] rvf{ s:tf] lyof] < 

hLjgsf] rvf{ pgsf] 

cnfk 5, 

s]jn lanfk 3'D5 rvf{df 

k]6 nfUbfsf] dlxgfd} 

dn]l;of efl;Psf] Kof/f] v;d;Fu} 

k|]d/fusf] ;To s;d efl;Psf] 

cfh tLg jif{ a9L eof] 

/ l7s Ps jif{ eof] 

uf]df a|fx\d0fL k9\g yfn]sL 

clg dg}dgdf kfn]sL – 

æPs lbg rGb|fjtLnfO{ em}F 

8f]n] k7fpg] 5g\ gj/fhn] 

gj/fh /fhfnfO{ em}F 

Nffj0o lbg] 5 xl/x/n]====Æ 

cfh ltgn] 

ci6f]t/;o /f]6L ksfOg\ 

a]nLk'ik, cIftf, b'af] 5'6\ofOg\ 

u0f]zyfgsf] n8\8' lnP/ 

t;nfdf n'sfOg\ 

afn'jfsf] lzjlnª\u 78fOg\ 

w'k, bLk, k|;fbL, a:q r9fOg\ 

:j:yfgL dlxdf ufpFb} 306 ahfOg\ 

cfh :j:yfgL ;fª\u] 

cfFvf lrDn]/ WofgdUg agfOg\ 

ta k|s6 eof] xl/x/ 

;'gf}nf] t;nf kmf]8]/ 

lgl:sof] a/bfg – 

k|fks M ;'gs];/L 

k|]ifs M dn]l;of b'tfaf; 

d[tssf] gfd M xl/x/ Û 

;lsof] :j:yfgL ;fª\u] 

;lsof] xl/x/sf] klg ;fª\u] ÛÛ 

11÷zAb–;+of]hg

d';'l/of 

d';'l/of a6fl/Psf] la; ¿k}ofF 

/ ;fgf] af]tn lbG5] 

…b; ?lksL lrgL 

b; ?lksL e'6'gÚ 

;fgf] njh lg:sG5 

Kfftnf] sn]6L cf]7 yf]/} v'N5 

pgL h:t} d]/f] lszf]/Ljosf] 

:d[lt klg v'N5 – 

Aff]tn af]s]/ l7s o;}u/L 

kfFr ?k}ofFsf] t]n, 

b; ?k}ofFsf] d';'/f] 

cfdfn] 7\ofª\ 7\ofª\ bd lbg] 

lqv'6\6] kx]Fnf] :6f]e 

8]SrLdf 5\ofª\ª cg'xf/ b]lvg] 

d';'/f] bfn . 

e't'Ss} dgk¥of] dnfO{ d';'l/of 

d]/f] pm j]nfsf] / 

logsf] of] j]nfsf] ul/aLsf] 

x'?Ss} Hofg nfg]u/L dfof hfUof] 

t/ bu'b}{ a:tLleq} lanfO{ d';'l/of . 

d k;nsL cfdfnfO{ ;f]W5' – 

b; ?k}ofFsf] lrgL slt cfdf < 

…pgnfO{ kfFr k6s lrof k'Ug]Ú 

d';'l/ofsf] slt 5fsnfO{ k'U5 

Tof] e'6'gn] < 

…HfltnfO{ lg k'¥ofpF5] xf]nf 

o;f] ;'F3fpF5g\ a/f 

gfgL Û xfdL h:tf] t]n} vfg] xf] /

ljz]if ;+jfb 

h;n] afFRg hfg]sf] x'G5 

ToxL g} Ho"Fbf] dflg; xf] 

>Lxl/ km'of“n 

@)!% ;fn dª\l;/ * ut] ssgL ufpFkflnsf j8f 

gDa/ !, g'jfsf]6df lktf gGbk|;fb km'ofFn tyf dftf 

tLns'df/Lsf sf]vaf6 hlGdg'ePsf >Lxl/ km'ofFnn] 

g]kfnLdf Pd=P=;Ddsf] lzIff k|fKt ug{'ePsf] 5 . jl/i7 

;flxTosf/ tyf ax'd'vL k|ltefsf wgL / ;jf{lws rrf{df cfO/xg] 

>Lxl/ km'ofnFHo"n] sljtf;ªu|x tLg, v08sfJo tLg, dxfsfJo 

b'O{, syf;ª\u|x Ps, pkGof; Ps, ;dfnf]rgf b'O{, g'jfsf]6]nL 

;flxTosf] Oltxf; Ps, d'Qms;ªu|x Ps / xfOs';ª\u|x Ps;d]t 

u/L nueu 8]9 bh{g k':tsx¿ k|sflzt ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . emG8} 

b'O{ bh{g hlt ;Ddfg / k'/:sf/ klg k|fKt ul/;Sg'ePsf / clxn] 

klg lg/Gt/ ;flxTo;fwgfdf nflu/xg'ePsf >Lxl/ km'ofFnHo"l;t 

;Dkfbs ;'dL nf]xgLn] lng'ePsf] cGtjf{tf{sf] ;f/;ª\If]k oxfF 

k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . 

13÷zAb–;+of]hg

;'dL M clxn] tkfO{Fsf] :jf:Yol:ylt s:tf] 

5 < 

>Lxl/ M clxn] d]/f] :jf:Yol:ylt 

;fdfGo cj:yfd} 5 . cfheGbf 

Ps jif{cufl8 af6f]df lxF8\bflxF8\b} 

!! lbgsf] lardf % k6s;Dd ;'u/ 

nf] eP/ 9fNof] . To; j]nf dnfO{ 8/ 

nfu]sf] lyof] . ca afFlrb}g Sof/] eg]/ 

d}n] cfkm"nfO{ cf; dfl/;s]sf] lyPF . 

cfkmGtx¿n] o:tf] x'g'df d'6'sf] ;d:of 

klg x'g;S5 eg]/ zª\sf u/] . To;n] 

ubf{ dnfO{ emg\ 8/ nfUof] / d]l8s]o/ 

c:ktfndf hrfpg uPF . ToxfF sfo{/t 

8fS6/ ljz]if1 cjgLe"if0f pkfWofol;t 

d]/f] klxn]b]lv g} lrgfhfgL lyof] . pgL 

;flxTosf/sf] gftfn] dnfO{ lgs} dfof 

uy{] . d}n] pg};Fu r]s u/fpFbf pgn] 

lghfdtL c:ktfndf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ 

cln ;:tf] x'g]x'Fbf lel8of] PS; /], 

Ol;hL, Osf], OG8f]:sf]kL, /Qm k/LIf0f 

cflbsf nflu lghfdtL c:ktfndf 

k7fP / d}n] tL ;a} k/LIf0fx¿ ToxfFaf6 

g} u/fPF . To;}u/L 8fS6/ cjgLe"if0fn] 

l6Pd6L=/ Pg=hL=cf]=u|fkmsf nflu 

uª\ufnfn c:ktfn k7fP / ToxfF pko'Qm 

;a} s'/fx¿sf] k/LIf0f eof] . cGo 

:jf:Yo k/LIf0f eg] d]l8s]o/ cktfndf 

g} ul/of] . Tolt ubf{ ^%–&) xhf/ ?lkofF 

hlt vr{ eof] . cfˆgf] z/L/df klxn]b]lv 

g} ePsf pRr /Qmrfk, pRr dw'd]x o'l/s 

Pl;8, sf]n]:6«f]n, Uofl:6«s, cDnlkQ 


/ 9f8sf] /f]ub]lv afx]s c¿ /f]u 

s]xL b]lvPg . clxn] cDnlkQb]lv c¿ 

/f]ux¿nfO{ cf}ifwL ;]jgaf6 g} sG6«f]n 

ul//fv]sf] 5' . laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd gf} 

y/L cf}ifwL vfO/x]sf] 5' . j]nf j]nfdf 

OGh]S;gn] z/L/df 3f]lr/x]sf] 5' . To;}n] 

clxn]nfO{ eg] d]/f] :jf:Yol:ylt ;fdfGo 

g} /x]sf] 5 . tkfOF{x¿ h:tf d]/f y'k|} 

z'e]R5'sx¿sf :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgfn] 

dfq d aflrF/x]sf] 5' . 

;'dL M tkfOF{sf] afNosfn s;/L lat]sf] 

lyof] < 

>Lxl/ M afNosfn eg]sf] ;a}hgfsf] 

p:t} p:t} k|sf/sf] x'G5 . xfF:g', v]Ng', 

/dfpg' / kfvfkv]/fdf 8'Ng', lxpFb 

dlxgfdf r/fx¿sf u'F8 u'F8df k'u]/ dfpn] 

aRrfx¿nfO{ rf/f v'jfPsf] x]g'{, kfgL 

k/]sf] j]nfdf vf]nf / vf]N;fx¿df 

af9L pln{Psf] x]g{', lglZrGt eP/ ufpg', 

gfRg', v]Ng', /dfpg' cflb . d g'jfsf]6 

lhNNffsf] cf]v/kf}jf hn'lsgL ufpFdf 

hlGdPsf] dflg; x'gfn] kfvfkv]/f 

8'n]/ / a'afcfdf clg xh'/cfdfsf] 

sfvkf]N6fdf x'ls{Psf] x'F . cln 7'nf] 

ePkl5 vfgLvf]nf, ;fFvnfª, ;]lknf], 

lxn], vx/] / lrxfg 8fF8fdf ;fyLx¿sf] 

;fy;fy} ufO{afv|f lnP/ r/fpg hfg' 

ljleGg lsl;dsf v]n v]Ng', 7'nf] 

vf]nf / ;fFvnfª\sf 5fFuf / 5x/fx¿ 

x]b}{ / kfvfkv]/fdf 8'Nb} kf]v/Ldf kf}8L 

v]Nb}, sfnLdf6L d'5]/ df]6/ agfO{ 8f]/Ln]

tfg]/ ;8sdf u'8fpg', 3'dlkm/ h:tf 

lqmofsnfkx¿ u/]/ g} d]/f] jfNosfn 

lat]sf] lyof] . 

;'dL M tkfOF{ ;flxTo l;h{gfdf s;/L 

cfslif{t x'g'eof] < 

>Lxl/M Toltv]/ d]/f bfO an/fdk|;fb 

km'ofFn sf7df8f}Fdf 8]/f lnP/ k|eft 

:s'ndf k9\g yfNg'eof] . pxfF k|To]s 

jif{ hf8f]sf] lxFpb] labfdf cln nfd} 

labf lnP/ 3/ hfg] ug{'x'GYof] . hf8f] 

ofd ePsf]n] k|foM xfd|f kl/jf/x¿ 

cFu]gfsf] cf]l/kl/ a;]/ cfuf] tflk/x]sf 

x'Gy] . Tolt j]nf d]/f bfOn] u'?k|;fb 

d}gfnLsf syfx¿, eLdlglw ltjf/Lsf] 

…sfDof] n'Un'u Tof] ===Ú gfdsf] sljtf, 

b]jsf]6fsf] d'gfdbg, dfwj l3ld/]sf] uf}/L 

h:tf ;flxlTos s[ltx¿ k9]/ JofVof / 

ljZn]if0f ub}{ ;'gfpg'x'GYof] . tL s[ltsf] 

sf?l0fs sfJofTds cleJolQmn] 

x[bo 5f]Pkl5 xfd|f] cfFvfaf6 cfF;' 

a;{GYof] . dnfO{ Toltv]/b]lv g} 

;flxTon] lgs} k|efljt kf/]sf] lyof] 

clg dnfO{ klg ;flxTol;h{gf ug{;S5' 

xf]nf t < eGg] v'Nb'nL rNg yfNof] . 

la:tf/} la:tf/} d d]/} bfOsf] ;'emfj / 

;Nnfxcg';f/ sljtf n]Vg yfn]F / 

To;kl5 :s'n / sn]hx¿df j]nf j]nfdf 

x'g]u/]sf k|ltof]lutfTds sljuf]i7Lx¿df 

dnfO{ klg klxnf / bf];|f k'/:sf/ 

k|fKt x'gyfNof] . o;/L d cfˆg} bfOsf] 

k|]/0ffaf6 g} ;flxTol;h{gfdf cfslif{t 

xF'b} hfg yfn]sf] x'F . 

;'dL M clxn] s] n]Vt} x'g'x'G5 < 

>Lxl/ M clxn] d w]/}h;f] ;flxlTos 

;df/f]x tyf uf]i7L / ;ª\uf]i7Lx¿df Jo:t 

x'g]u/]sf] 5' . To;sf] cnfjf ljleGg 

7fpFx¿af6 ;flxlTos /rgfx¿sf] dfu 

cfpF5 . To;sf nflu /rgf tof/ u5{' 

/ lbG5' . cem} km';{b ePsf] v08df eg] 

cfTdhLjgLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg yfn]sf] 

5' . a]km';{bLsf sf/0fn] ubf{ hLjgLn]vg 

eg] lgs} wLdf ultdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . 

;'dL M tkfOF{ s'g s'/fdf afFRg'sf] ;fy{stf 

b]Vg'x'G5 < 

>Lxl/M cfˆgf] ufpF, ;dfh / /fi6«sf] 

nflu /fd|f] sfd u/]/ cyjf /rgfTds 

Pjd\ l;h{gfTds sfd u/]/ b]zsf] ;]jf 

ug{'df g} afFRg'sf] ;fy{stf /xG5 . cfˆgf] 

JolQmut nfesf nflu t ;a}n] s]xL g 

s]xL u/]s} x'G5g\ . To; sfo{nfO{ Tolt 

7'nf] 7fGg ;lsGg cyf{t\ cfˆgfnflu t 

;a}n] u/]s} x'G5g\, c¿sf] nflu ug{' g} 

dxfgtf xf] . d]/f] egfOsf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] 

h;n] b]z / hgtfsf] nflu /fd|f s'/fx¿ 

u/]/ ch/ / cd/ ag]sf x'G5g\ . ToxL 

s'/f g} afFRg'sf] ;fy{stf xf] . o:t}df d 

afFRg'sf] ;fy{stf b]Vt5' . 

;'dLM tkfOF{ s:tf] dflg;nfO{ HoF"bf] dflg; 

dfGg'x'G5 < 

>Lxl/M of] k|Zgsf] ;fdfGo pQ/ t 

cluNnf] pQ/df g} uO;s]sf] 5 . cem} 

eGg'kbf{ h;n] afFRg hfg]sf] x'G5 ToxL g} 

15÷zAb–;+of]hg

Ho"Fbf] dflg; xf] . h'g;'s} If]qdf nfu]sf] 

dflg; xf];\ / h;n] …;j{hg lxtfoÚ eGg] 

s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ /fd|f /fd|f / slxNo} 

klg ggfl;g] sfdx¿ ub{5 ToxL g} Ho"Fbf] 

dflg; xf] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu b]jsf]6f, 

n]vgfy, ;d, aneb| s'Fj/, eLd;]g 

yfkf, elQmyfkf, cd/l;+x yfkf, lakL 

sf]O/fnf, dgdf]xg clwsf/L, db/ 6]/];f, 

DoflS;d uf]sL{, n]lgg, dfS;{, ufGwL, 

ljleGg j}1flgsx¿ h:tf ljZjsf cGo 

w]/} c;n / dxfg\ dflg;x¿nfO{ g} d 

Ho"Fbf dflg; dfG5' . cfh tL dflg;x¿sf] 

kfly{j z/L/ of] ;+;f/df 5}g tfklg tL 

dflg;x¿ cfˆgf cljgfzL sLlt{x¿af6 

cgGt sfn;Dd Ho"Fbf eP/ afFlr/x]sf 

5g\ . log} / o:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ g} d 

Ho"Fbf] dflg; dfGb5' . 

;'dLM tkfOF{ ;flxTon] ;dfhdf s:tf] 

e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ eGg] 7fGg'x'G5 < 

>Lxl/M ;flxTonfO{ ;dfhsf] P]gf xf] 

eGg] ul/G5 . Tof] s'/f l7s xf] . ;flxTon] 

;dfhsf ljleGg s'/fx¿nfO{ P]gfn] 

h:t} u/L 5n{ª\u kfl/lbg ;Sg'k5{ . 

lbdfunfO{ 1fg, a'l4 / ljj]sn] el/lbg 

;Sg'k5{ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, ;flxTon] 

;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf ljs[lt 

,lj;ª\ult, cGofo, cTofrf/, b'/frf/, 

cgfrf/ / ei6«frf/sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ Pp6f 

;';+:s[t ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f / ¿kfGt/0fsf 

nflu 7'nf] e"'ldsf v]Ng'kb{5 . af6f] 

la/fPsf dflg;sf nflu ;xL dfu{df 


n}hfg pTk|]/0ff hfu[t u/fpg' ;flxTosf] 

wd{ xf], cGoyf ;flxTo n]Vg'sf] s'g} 

cy{ /xFb}g . d ;flxTon] ;dfhdf o:t} 

e"ldsf v]Ng'kb{5 eGg] 7fGb5' . 

;'dLM g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ ljZj;flxTosf] 

bfFhf]df k'¥ofpg s] ug{'knf{ < 

>Lxl/M tkfOF{n] lgs} dxTTjk"0f{ s'/f 

ug{'eof] . g]kfnL ;flxTo klg ljZjsf] 

s'g} ;flxToeGbf sd 5}g . g]kfnL 

;flxTonfO{ ljZj;flxTosf] bfFhf]df 

k'¥ofpg cg'jfbsnfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ 

ug{'k5{ . oxfF cToGt yf]/} dfqfdf tyf 

guGo dfqfdf cg'jfb ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

cfhsf] ;d;fdlos ;flxTonfO{ g]kfnL 

;flxTosf] d"n dd{ gi6 gx'g] u/L tyf 

df}lnstf gd]l6g] u/L cg'jfb ePsf] 

kfpg uf/f] 5 . cg'jfbsx¿ Tolt w]/} 

b]lvPsf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ w]/} 

/fd|f cg'jfbsx¿sf] vfFrf] v8\lsPsf] 

5 . 

;'dLM tkfOF{n] ;flxTosf/, snfsf/, 

;ª\uLtsf/ tyf ;dfhsf s'g} klg 

k|a'4 ju{sf] hLljt sfnd} ;Ddfg ul/ 

g'k5{ egL bz jif{;Dd ljz]if cleofg 

rnfpg'ePsf] lyof] . To; cleofgsf] 

af/]df s]xL k|sfz kfl/lbg'xf];\ g . 

>Lxl/M afFr]sf] If0fdf ;|i6f JolQmTjsf] 

jf:tf gug{] d/]kl5 eg] uf]xLsf cfF;' 

r'xfpFb} zf]s;ef u/]/ Pp6f cf}krfl/stf 

k"/f ug{] k/Dk/f xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljBdfg 

/xFb} cfPsf] 5 . Toltn] dfq ;|i6f

JolQmTjsf] ;Ddfg x'g] xf]Og . To;} eP/ 

d}n] ;flxTosf/, snfsf/, ;ª\uLtsf/ 

tyf ;dfhsf k|a'4 ju{sf] hLljt 

sfnd} ;Ddfg ul/g'k5{ eg]sf] x'F . 

;f]xL !) a;{] cleofgcGtu{t d}n] slj 

e/t/fh kGt, slj s]bf/dfg Jolyt / 

s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsf] ljz]iffª\s u|Gy 

;Dkfbg, k|sfzg / ;|i6f JolQmTjsf] 

eJo ;df/f]xsf lar 5'§f5'§} jif{df 

clegGbg u/]sf] lyPF . To;}u/L kfl/hft 

/ ab/Lgfy e6\6/fO{nfO{ klg lq=lj=df 

cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x¿dfkm{t ;flxTo 

s'~haf6 -@)$*_ ;fndf clegGbg 

u/fPsf] lyPF . afFr'Gh]n;Dd jf:tf 

ul/b}g eg] d/]kl5 t emg\ s;n] ;Demnf 

/ < eg]/ g} d}n] Tof] cleofg rnfPsf] 

x'F . To;sf] clek|fo afFr]sf If0fdf eGbf 

d[To' kZrft\ emg\ w]/} ;|i6f JolQmTjsf] 

;Ddfg ul/g'k5{ eGg] g} xf] . hLljtsfnd} 

;Ddfg ug{] k/Dk/f rnfOof] eg] d/]kl5 

t emg\ w]/} ;Ddfg ug{] k/Dk/f rNb} hfnf 

ls < eGg] cfzon] d}n] pQm cleofg 

rnfPsf] lyPF . 

;'dLM afn;flxTodf tkfO{Fsf] l;h{gf 

s:tf] /Xof] < 

>Lxl/M d}n] g]kfnL afn;flxTosf 

If]qdf sljtfafx]s cGo ljwfdf snd 

rnfPsf] 5}g . afn sljtf eg] k|fo M 

;a}h;f] klqsfx¿df k|z:t k|sflzt 

ub{] cfPsf] 5' t/ k':tsfsf/ ¿kdf eg] 

clxn];Dd klg k|sflzt x'g;s]sf] 5}g . 

;'dLM tkfO{FnfO{ cfk"m s'g :t/sf] 

;flxTosf/ x'F eGg] nfu]sf] 5 < 

>Lxl/M of] s'/f cfk"mn] cfkmF}nfO{ 

s'g :t/sf] eGg] xf]Og . cfh;Ddsf] 

d]/f] ;flxlTos of]ubfgsf] cfwf/df 

tkfOF{x¿n] / ;dfnf]rs JolQmTjx¿n] 

d]/f] d"Nofª\sg u/]/ :yfg lgwf{/0f ug{] 

s'/f xf] . dnfO{ olt;Dd yfxf 5 ls 

d}n] !! jif{sf] pd]/b]lv clxn];Dd 

lg/Gt/ snd rnfpFb} cfPsf] 5' . d]/f 

l;h{gfx¿ slt;Dd :t/Lo 5g\ eg]/ 

To;sf] d"Nofª\sg klg tkfOF{x¿ / 

;dfnf]rsx¿n] g} ug{] s'/f xf] . 

;'dLM s'g} j]nf tkfOF{sf] hLjgdf 

lg/fzfsf] lbg klg cfof] ls < 

>Lxl/M d]/f hLjgdf lg/fzfsf lbgx¿ t 

k|z:t cfP . hLjgb]lv g} jfSs nfu]/ 

klg cfof] . t}klg d}n] x/]; eg] vfOgF . 

s'g k|]/0ffn] hufpFYof] s'lGg Û s]xL lbg 

j}/fu nfu]/ ;':tfP klg km]l/ hfu[t eP/ 

nugzLn eO{ d cfˆgf] nIodf cufl8 

al9/x]F / al9/xsf] 5' . 

;'dLM efUodf slQsf] ljZjf; ug{'x'G5 < 

>Lxl/M EffUodf t d slQ klg ljZjf; 

ulb{g . efUo eg]sf] cfkm"n] g} agfpg] 

xf] . efUodf eP h] sfd klg x'G5 

eg]/ a:of] eg] To;sf] cj:yf gfh's 

x'G5 . ldlxg]t u/]kl5 Psfw ckjfbafx]s 

cjZo} To;sf] kmnk|flKt x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ 

nfUb5 . kmnsf] dfqf s]xL a9L36L lsg 

gxf];\, kmn k|fKt x'G5, x'G5 . d]/f] efUo 

17÷zAb–;+of]hg

alnof] 5 eg]/ c3f]/sf] kx/f]af6 xfd 

kmfNof] eg] sf] kf] afFRg ;Snf / < ctM 

efUo eg]sf] s'/f hGdb} Nofpg] xf]Og 

cfkm}Fn] cfkm\gf] efUo agfpg] xf] . 

;'dLM tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df hLjg s] xf] < 

>Lxl/M hLjg k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ l;h{gf 

xf] . hLjgsf] cl:tTj a'em]/ nugzLn 

eP/ ;lqmotf;fy ;Tdfu{df cufl8 

a9\g' g} ;'Gb/ hLjgsf] ultzLntf xf] . 

ToxL ultzLntfnfO{ hLjg elgG5 . 

hLjgsf] cl:tTj a'em]/ sfo{ ug{;s]g 

eg] Tof] Ho"Fbf] eP klg d/]t'No x'G5 . 

h;n] ;dosf] dxTTj a'em]/ /fd|f] sfo{ 

ub{5 . Tof] dflg; d/]/ klg afFlr/x]sf] 

x'G5 . ToxL g} hLjg xf] eGg] dnfO{ 

nfUb5 . 

;'dLM d[To' eg]sf] s] xf] lg < 

>Lxl/M d[To' hLjgsf] clGtd ;To xf] . 

hLjgsf] zlQm ;fdYo{ IfL0f x'Fb} uPkl5 

x'g] rL/lgb|f g} d[To' xf] . dflg;sf] 

zf/Ll/s cjoj df6fdf uP/ ldn]kl5 

kfly{j z/L/ ljnLg x'G5 . ToxL g} d[To' 

xf] . 

;'dLM w]/} s'/fx¿ /flvlbg'eof] wGojfb 

5, cGTodf tkfO{FnfO{ s]xL eGg' 5 ls < 

>Lxl/M eGg] s'/fx¿ t hLjgdf slt 

5g\ slt eg]/ ;fWo 5}g . tkfOF{n] d]/f] 

;flxlTos hLjgsf w]/} s'/fx¿ ;f]w]/ 

d]/f ljrf/x¿ xfd|f lk|o kf7s;dIf 

k'¥ofOlbg'eof], To;sf nflu tkfOF{ 

/ zAb–;+of]hg kl/jf/nfO{ w]/} w]/} 

wGojfb Û 

bz{g 

cf/ dfgGw/ 

cfsfª\Iff 

clj/fd s'lb/x]sf] 5 lgb|}df klg dflg;, gfgfyl/sf 

cfsfª\Iffn] tflg+b} . 

cfk"mnfO{ cs}{ agfpg slt dfq cft'/ dflg; < 

cfk"mnfO{ ljlzi6 egfpg] slt lgs[i6 OR5f 

dflg;sf] < 

k|z+;fsf] nfn;fn] cfk"m lylrg;S5 . 

:jfy{jz rflng] kfOnfdf cfk"m gc6\g ;S5 . 

xfd|f] lj:t[ltsf] lj:tf/ ;[li6sf] :jefj xf] . 

;[li6n] xfdLnfO{ xn'ª\uf]l;t prfNb} 5 . xfdL 

cfkm\g} ef/n] lub}{ 5f}+ . 

;[li6 lg/Gt/ rNbf] 5 — k|ltkn gofF eP/ . pm slQ 

klg d}dQ 5}g . 

Hff] :jTjl;t tfbfTDo 5, p;nfO{ s'g} ljz]iftf klg 

vNnf] nfU5 . 

…cljlR5Gg k|sflzt 

eO/x]sf] ;flxlTos 

klqsf 

zAb–;+of]hg 

dfl;sÚ 

k9g'xf];\ . 

zAb–;+of]hg÷18

lgaGw 

PS;g 

k|]d/fh l;njfn 

k| lg/Gt/ k|s[ltn] glbP afFlrGg . 

s[ltn] PS;g u/]/ g} xfdL afFRg 

;s]sf 5f}F . 3fd, xfjf, kfgL 

of] lqmof p;n] ug{] PS;g xf] . afFRg]n] 

rdTsf/ b]Vg;S5 . aRrfn] b]vfpg] 

PS;gd} cfdfn] p;nfO{ b'w r';fpFl5g\ . 

b'w r':g gkfPsf] afns afFRg] ;Defjg 

sd x'G5 . dfG5] hGd]b]lv g} PS;g u/]/ 

g} afFr]sf] x'G5 . h;/L cTolws hfF8 

vfFg] hF8\ofxfnfO{ /S;Ln] 5'Fb}g To;/L g} 

dfG5]n] ug{] cGo lqmofdf ;d]t l/PS;gsf] 

c;/ Ps xb;Dd nfU5, To;kl5 Tof] sd 

eP/ jf ¿k ablnP/ hfG5 . sfo{nfO{ 

cª\u|]hLdf PS;g elgG5 . PS;g g} s'g} 

sfo{ xf] . sfof{nodf a;]/ jf ga;]/ 

dfG5]n] cfkm\gf] k|sf/sf] PS;g ul/ g} 

/x]sf] x'G5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/L sDKo'6/df 

u]d v]n]/ lahL af]8{ ´'GofpFg] ub{5g\ t/ 

o;df eg] l/PS;g x'Gg . lj1fgdf elGfG5, 

…s'g} klg PS;gsf] k5fl8 l/PS;g x'G5 .Ú 

lgjf{rg Pp6f PS;g xf] eg] To;sf] 

kl/0ffd:j¿k lht–xf/sf] l:ylt ag]/ 

s;}n] dfnf klx/g' l/PS;g xf] . Jofkf/Ln] 

s/ 5Ng', v]nf8Ln] Dofr lkmlS;ª ug'{, 

rf]/L ug'{, rSsfhfd ug'{ PS;g xf] . 

s/ 5Nbf b08 / hl/jfgf x'G5 . b]]zsf 

lj¿4 Dofr lkmlS;ª ubf{ /fi63ft 

x'G5 . rSsfhfd ubf{ k|x/Lsf] s'6fO e]6\g 

;lsG5 jf lg/Gt/ rSsf hfd ub{} uP 

rlr{t eP/ kl5 dGqL klg aGg] ;Defjgf 

x'G5 . oL ;a} cfkm\gf vfnsf l/PS;g 

g} x'g\ . l/PS;g gx'Fg] s'g} sfo{ x'Gg . 

lj1fgn] lgbfPsf] klg l/PS;g b]V5 . 

d/]sf] nf;n] ;d]t cfkm\gf] lqmof u5{ . 

lqmof rln/xg' g} k[YjL xf] . ultjfg\ aGg' 

g} hLjg xf] . hLjg /x]/ dfq s'g} sfd ug{ 

;lsG5 . hLjg g} g/x]kl5 s]xL /xGg . 

:ju{ / gs{sf s'/f Pp6f cb[Zo sxfgL 

xf] . sxfgLn] hLjgdf k|efj kfb{5 . s'g} 

s'g} ¿l9jfbL dfG5] /ftf cIftf w;]/ :ju{ 

k'lug] sNkgfdf afFr]sf x'G5g\ . dfG5]sf] 

hLjgdf c;/, k|efj, bjfj, cu|;/tf, 

Ifdtf, bIftf, tTk/tf lbg] p;sf] leqL 

cfsfª\Iffn] xf] . cyf{t\ dfG5]nfO{ p;sf] 

dgn] kufNf]/ n}hfG5 . s'g sfo{ ug{] s'g 

gug{] eGg] s'/f p;nfO{ cfkm\g} leqL dgn] 

lgb{]z u5{ . dgnfO{ km]l/ aflx/L tTTjn] 

k|efljt u5{ . dg nfu]kl5 s;}n] /f]Sg 

19÷zAb–;+of]hg

sl7g x'G5 . s'g} s]6f];Fu efUg l7Ss 

k/]sL s]6LnfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ;Sb}g . 

ha/h:tL /f]Sg ;s] klg p;sf] leqL 

dg efFl8Psf] x'G5 . hLjgb]lv lg/fz 

eP/ 8f]/Ldf n8\lsg nfu]sf]nfO{ arfpFg 

t ;lsG5 t/ p;sf] dgl:ylt eg] Ps 

k|sf/n] vnan ePs} x'G5 . dfG5]n] 

ug{] x/]s PS;gdf aflx/L k|efj, bafa, 

c;/, nf]e, 8/, wDsL, OR5f, cfsfª\Iff, 

rfxgf, clenfiffn] sfd u/]s} x'G5 . s'g} 

OR5f, rfxgf, cf;f, 8/ljgf dfG5]n] 

;fdfGotof s]xL ub{}g . r'gfj n8\g] klg 

s'g} rfxgf, nIon] g} xf] . nIodf k'Ugsf 

nflu dfG5]n] cg]s xs{t, sfo{, s'sfo{, 

;'sfo{, ljlw / ultljlw u/]sf] x'G5 . 

;/sf/ ;~rfng ug{] Pp6f PS;g xf] . 

hgtfn] /fxtsf] cg'e"lt dx;'; u5{g\ 

eg] Tof] ;sf/fTds l/PS;g xf] . 

Oltxf;b]lv dfgj hLjg g} 

PS;gn] cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . rfN;{ 

8flj{gb]lv sfn{dfS;{sf] P]ltxfl;s 

ljsf;sf] kl/efiff x]bf{ dfG5]n] PS;g 

u/]/} cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . /fhgLltsf 

l;4fGtsf/x¿sf wf/0ff x]bf{ PS;g g} 

PS;g b]lvG5 . uf}td a'4sf] cfkm\g} 

PS;g Yof}/L lyof] . dxfTdf ufGwL 

zflGtjfbL lyP . 9'ª\ufn] xfGg]nfO{ klg 

k"mnn] xfg]/ lhTg ;lsG5 eGg] PS;g 

Yof}/L pgsf] lyof] . PS;g eP/ g} /f0ff 

zf;g 9Nof] . ax'bn cfof] . hgtfsf] 

PS;gn] b]znfO{ u0ftGqdf nUof] . 

To;kl5 hgtfn] To;sf] l/PS;g vf]Hg 

yfln;s]sf 5g\ . of] lgtfGt ;xL xf] . 

s'g} lqmof u/]kl5 To;sf] k|ltkmn vf]Hg' 

hfoh xf] . ds} 36\6df lkg]kl5 lk7f]sf] 

cf; ul/G5 . vfPkl5 c3fpg] cf;f 

/flvG5 . vfP/ klg k]6 ef]s} x'G5 eg] 

s] ug{] < hlt vfP/ klg c3fpg ;lsGg 

eg] s] ug{] < kSs} s'g} v/faL 5 . hlt 

vfP klg k]6 el/Gg eg] Tof] k]6df v/faL 

5 jf st}af6 r'lxPsf] x'g'k5{ . of] 7'nf] 

cfzª\sfsf] ljifo xf] . hltvfP klg 

gk'Ug]nfO{ …cul:tÚ dfG5] eG5g\ dfG5]x¿ 

Û dfG5] w]/} k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . s/fP/, 

af]n]/, lrRrfP/ gyfSg]x¿ . s';L{df 

a;]/ gc3fpg]x¿ . b]zsf] /fhZjsf] 

k};f e|i6frf/ u/]/ k'Uof] eGg g;Sg]x¿ . 

af6f]3f6f] aGb u/]/ cfGbf]ngsf] gf/fdf 

hgtfnfO{ b'Mv lbP/ gyfSg]x¿ klg 

5g\ / Toltn] gk'u/] g]kfnsf] gful/stf 

af]s]/ ljb]zL e"lddf uO{ g]kfntkm{ g} 

9'ª\uf a;f{pg]x¿ klg 5g\, tL sf] x'g\ < 

ltgsf] PS;g s:tf] k|sf/sf] PS;g xf] < 

ha/h:tL kfgL dy]/ gf}gL lgsfNg k|of; 

ug{]x¿ s'g PS;g ul//x]sf x'G5g\ < s'g} 

klg s'/fsf] xb x'G5 . pdfNg a;fn]sf] 

kfgL pDn]kl5 klg pdfln/xG5 eg] Tof] 

efF8f]df kfgL a:b}g . kfgL xfjfdf p8]/ 

hfG5 . xfjfdf p8]sf] kfgLsf] pkof]lutf 

slt xf] < /Tgkfs{sf] k]6Ldf lbge/ 

;'t]/ latfPsf] hLjgsf] d"No slt xf] < 

;8sdf 6fo/ afn]/ lg:sg] w'jfFsf] d"No 

s] xf] < s] Tof] w'jfFdf s'g} ;sf/fTds 

zlQm x'G5 < cjZo w'jfFsf] d':nf]n] ug{] 

l/PS;g eg]sf] k|b"if0f dfq xf] . k|b"if0fn] 

laufg{] jfo'n] s;}nfO{ kmfObf ub{}g . 

zAb–;+of]hg÷20

kmfObf gUfg{] b]lvPsf] PS;g 

ug{ lsg dfG5]n] cfkm\gf] 

hLjg nufpF5 < hGd]sf 

s'g} klg afnssf] hLjgsf] 

7'nf] cy{ / d"No x'G5 . Pp6f 

afnsn] k|s[lt;Fu h'w]/ 

cl3 a9\b} afFr]/ w]/} ug{ 

;S5 . afnsdf k|ltefsf] 

vfgL x'G5 . s] yfxf Tof] 

afns j}1flgs, OlGhlgo/, 

jlsn, 8fS6/, kfOn6, 

>lds, c;n ;dfh;]jL, 

/fhg]tf h] klg t x'g ;S5 . 

s;}sf] :jfy{k"lt{sf] PS;gn] 

afnssf] k9\g], a9\g] / 

afFRg] clwsf/ l5Gg ldN5 

/ < pgLx¿nfO{ Tof] clwsf/ 

s;n] lbof] < hLjgdf ul/g] 

kf]h]l6e PS;gn] dfgj 

agfpF5 eg] g]u]l6e PS;gn] 

bfgj . dfG5]n] h:t} j:t'n] 

klg PS;g u5{g\ . Pp6f 

kmnfdsf] s'6f] TolQs} 

yGsfP/ /fv]df lvof 

nfU5 . rnfP/ v]tdf pTkfbg 

u/fpg nufPdf df6f]n] ;'g 

lbgyfN5 . ;'g¿kL cgfhn] 

k]6 e/]kl5 dfG5]n] rfx]sf] 

ug{;S5 . cflv/ vfP/ g} 

afFlrG5 . afFr]/ dfq x/]s 

kl/j{tg b]Vg;lsG5 . x]g'{ 

cfkmF}df Pp6f PS;g xf] . k[YjL 

/ k|s[ltn] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf] 

;To oxL xf] . 

e'jgxl/ l;Ub]n 

sljtf 

k|ltalGwt 

afns 

cIf/ oL lsg 3f]Sg'k/\of] slt gfd ljz]if0f /6\g'k/\of] 

lgTo laxfg p7L bu'/L lsg O:s'n wfpg v6\g'k/\of] 

b}lgs h]n 5 of] l7Fu'/f ck/fwljgf lsg ;8\g'k/\of] 

afFb/n] gk9] lg x'g] d e'/f] hs8L lsg k9\g'k/\of] Û ! 

hª\unsf xl/of nx/f a6'nL ;'?nL ca v]Ng'k/\of] 

¿v r9L lkª dflkms of] rrx} rrx} a? k]Ng'k/\of] 

sfkmn P]+;n'sf e/df 5x/f kx/flt/ r9\g'k/\of] 

sf]lsnn] gk9]/ x'g] t/ afnsn] lsg k9\g'k/\of] Û @ 

cIf/ z'4 ePg c/] u[xsfo{ ;du| u/]g c/] 

k|Zg / pQ/ leGg c/] slt sf]i7 lx;fa ldn]g c/] 

oL slt 5]s / af/ vk"F lsg k':ts dfq /u8\g'k/\of] 

a[4 lhaf gk9]/ x'g] lrlrnf] d v6L lsg k9\g'k/\of] < # 

nfU5 ?3f dndf tF gv]n\ cldnf] tF gvf kl5 b'V5 unf 

kmf]x/ nfUb5 r~rn e} sk8f wldlnG5 lxnf] grnf 

bf}l8g' x'Gg c/] nl8g] 8/ x'G5 eofgs 3fp x'g] 

kf}l8g' x'Gg c/] 8'lag] clgolGqt aGg st} gx'g] Û $ 

Gofpn rFfr/ 9'Ss'/n] cldnf] dl8nf] slt vfO;s] 

l5FSs u/] slxn] ltgn] 5 lgoGq0f afnsdf lsg P 

bf}l8g' hLjg xf] h;sf] d[u lrQn v} t n8]/ d/] < 

kf}l8g' k5{ ;b}j eg] /hxfF; ;'lgGg 8'a]/ d/] Û % 

21÷zAb–;+of]hg

n3' syf 

cNnf/] r]t 

8f= ljb'/ rfln;] 

cfhsn km]l/ csf{ ] of]hgf agfpg a'ª\a'lª\t r'/f]6sf] w' Fjf 5f]8\b} 

:j}/ sNkgfdf t/lËt 5 . 

Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf] . cfh d}n] 

hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf b'vL dflg;nfO{ 

e]6]F . pm efj'stfk"j{s cfFvfel/ 

cfF;' aa{/fpFb} 3f]lK6Psf] lyof] . pm 

dgel/sf kL8f eGg eSsflgP/ d'v 

vf]Ng vf]HYof] . t/ kl/l:yltn] p;nfO{ 

;dft]sf] lyof] . pm uDeL/ lyof] t/ ;Gtfkdf 

?dlnPsf] lyof] . p;n] cfkmGtnfO{ 

u'xf¥of] . l5d]sLnfO{ eGof] . gft]bf/nfO{ 

;'gfof] . lghL ldqx¿nfO{ v';fdt u¥of] . 

cGTodf eujfg\nfO{ klg k'sf¥of] . 3/ 

kl/jf/ 5f]/f 5f]/L ;a}nfO{ d';f¥of] . p;n] 

s;}nfO{ a'emfpg ;s]g cfˆgf] kl/:yltsf] 

kL8f . h;n] zAb ;'g] ltgn] cg]s y/L 

ctL{, pkb]z, ljrf/ / a'l4 lbP . pm 

cfFvfaf6 cfF;' emg v;fnL ?GYof] . 

jftfj/0fdf b]lvPsf] pbf/f] ;To / lgoldt 

c;Tolardf p;n] cfkm"nfO{ ;N6\ofpg 

;s]g . p;n] Ps lbg ;f]Rof] ca cfafh 

glgsfNg] u/L 5'§} t/ r'krfk af6f]sf] 

ofqf . ha a]cfafhsf] af6f]df lxF8\b} 

lyof] . pm s'/f a'em] em}F u/L v'a xfF:Yof] 

t/ pkb]z ljrf/ / ctL{ lbg] bfz{lgsx¿ 


cfTdkL8fn] cf]OnfpFy] lsgeg] dflg; 

Jojxf/eGbf p8Gt] cfj]udf lghTj 

;f6\y] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ha p;nfO{ 

s'g} 36gfn] 7]; k'Uof] . pm emNof:; 

eof] / cfˆgf c;n ldqx¿sf] cfafh 

sfgdf u'Ghfpg yfNof] . ha km]l/ gofF 

cfjZostfn] ;do cufl8 a9\of] . p;n] 

;f]Rof] gofF cfOl8of . pm km]l/ kmTkmtfpFb} 

cufl8 a9\of] hghLjgdf Pp6f 

cNnf/]sf] ¿kdf . pm cfhsn km]l/ csf{] 

of]hgf agfpg a'ª\a'lª\t r'/f]6sf] w'Fjf 

5f]8\b} :j}/sNkgfdf t/ª\lut 5 . n}j/L 

n}, n}j/L n} sf] g[Todf, bz{sx¿ v'a 

h'd{'/fPsf 5g\, dgf]cfgGbsf nflu .

;dfnf]rgf 

u'? d}gfnLsf 

syfdf gf/Lkfq 

;ldgf vgfn 

;f/;+If]k 

u'¿k|;fb d}gfnLåf/f lnlvt syfx¿sf] Ps dfq ;ª\u|x …gf;f]Ú syf;ª\u|x xf] . 

o; ;ª\u|xdf hDdf P3f/cf]6f syfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oL P3f/cf]6} syfx¿df 

gf/Lkfq /x]sf 5g\ . tL gf/Lkfqx¿sf] af/]df 5'6\6f5'6\6} lsl;dn] cWoog ug]{ 

k|of; oxfF ul/Psf] 5 . 

zAbs'l~hsf 

dl:tis, pk]lIft, cfTdfg'e"lt, c;t\ rl/q, pQ/bfloTj, k|lts"ntf cfbzf]{Gd'v . 

!= ljifok|j]z 

u'¿k|;fb d}gfnL -hLjgsfnM lj=;+= 

!(%&–@)@*_ g]kfnL ;flxTodf 

cfw'lgs syfsf k|jt{s x'g\ . sfzL/fh 

d}gfnL tyf sfzL¿kfsf t];|f] ;Gtfgsf] 

¿kdf u'¿k|;fbsf] hGd wgs'6fdf ePsf] 

lyof] . pgsf] Pp6f dfq syf;ª\u|x …gf;f]Ú 

k|sflzt 5 . …gf;f]Ú syf;ª\u|xdf hDdf 

P3f/ cf]6f syfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . u'¿k|;fb 

d}gfnLnfO{ k|yd cfw'lgs g]kfnL 

syfsf/ x'g] >]o Oltxf;n] lbPsf] 5 

->]i7, @)%&M#&_ . pgL cfbzf]{Gd'v 

oyfy{jfbL wf/fsf syfsf/ x'g\ . d}gfnL 

g]kfnL u|fdL0f ;dfhsf] oyfy{ lrq0f 

ug]{ klxnf] syfsf/ x'g\ pgLeGbf cl3 

s;}n] klg g]kfnL u|fdL0f ;dfhnfO{ 

syfdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOFb}g . d}gfnLsf] 

cfudgk"j{ g]kfnL syfsf If]qdf 

syftTTj / lzNk;f}Gbo{k|wfg ;ª\ul7t 

syf l;h{gf ePsf] kfOFb}g -zdf{, 

@)^&M!%#_ . d}gfnLsf syfn] 

l;w} dgnfO{ 5'G5, x[bonfO{ rnfodg 

u/fpF5 . cfFvfcl3 rnlrq em}F syfj:t' 

gflr/xG5 . logsf ;a} syfn] dgsf] 

t/]nL x'Fb} cfFvfsf] bx eg{ ;kmn eP em}F 

nfU5 . cfbz{jfg\ / g}ltsjfg\ ;dfhn] 

ck]Iff ul//xg] kfq x'g\ eGg] efj logsf 

syfdf kfOG5 . To;}n] s?0ff / cfbz{sf] 

;dGjo d}gfnLsf] ;kmntf xf] . 

@= u'¿k|;fb d}gfnLsf syfdf gf/L kfq 

u'¿k|;fb d}gfnLsf] …gf;f]Ú syf;ª\u|xdf 

hDdf P3f/cf]6f syfx¿ 5g\ . tL P3f/cf]6} 

syfx¿df gf/L kfqx¿sf] pkl:ylt 

/x]sf] kfOG5 . …gf;f]Ú syfdf hDdf tLg 

gf/Lkfqx¿ -;'eb|f, gf}nL / nIdL_ /x]sf 

5g\ . …l5d]sLÚ syfdf u'dfg]sL :jf:gL 

/x]sL 5g\ . To;}u/L …k|folZrtÚ syfdf 

y'k|} gf/L kfqx¿ -uf}/L, uf]ljGbsL alxgL, 

cK;/f h:tf ;'Gb/Lx¿, rd]nL 6f]nsf 

cfOdfO{x¿ uf]laGbsL cfdf, uf}/LsL 

23÷zAb–;+of]hg

efph", sfG5L, uf}/LsL cfdf_ /x]sf 

5g\ . …kfksf] kl/0ffdÚ syfdf dª\unL 

Ps dfq gf/L kfq /x]sL 5g\ . …labfÚ 

syfdf cf7 hgf gf/L kfqx¿ -k|ef, 

d]hgL{ a'9L, wfO{cfdf, wfO{ cfdfsL 5f]/L, 

gf]sgL{, dfO{x¿, a'9L dfO{_ /x]sf 5g\ . 

…k/fnsf] cfuf]Ú syfdf hDdf rf/ hgf 

gf/L kfqx¿ -uf}FynL, sf]sn]sL cfdf, 

sf]sn]sL alxgL, h'7]sL :jf:gL_ /x]sf 

5g\ . o;}u/L …cefuLÚ syfdf hDdf cf7 

hgf gf/L kfqx¿ -uª\uf, vlqgL a'9L, 

/fgL ;fx]j, g]jfgL{ a'9L, s?0ff, af6'nL, 

7'nL, uf}/LgfysL :jf:gL_ /x]sf 5g\ . 

…;lxbÚ syfdf hDdf b'O{ hgf -8NnL / 

;fFlxnL_ gf/Lkfqx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . …st{JoÚ 

syfdf kfFr gf/L kfqx¿ -d'/nLw/sf 

b'O{ 5f]/Lx¿, sdnf, b'nxL, /df_ / s]xL 

cfOdfO{x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . …k|TofudgÚ syfdf 

s]xL gf/Lkfqx¿ -zf]ef, 6f]nl5d]ssf 

cfOdfO{, hL cfdf b'nxL aHo}, j;'wf, 

efG;] afx'gL, /fd'sL b'nxL, b'O{ hgf 

cfOdfO{, t?0fL cfOdfO{, b'nxLsL d'df_ 

/x]sf 5g\ eg] …lrtfsf] HjfnfÚ syfdf 

hDdf b'O{ gf/L kfqx¿ -zzL / xl/sL 

efph"_ /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L d}gfnLsf 

syfx¿df ePsf gf/L kfqx¿sf] cWoog 

ug]{ sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 . 

@=! ;'eb|f 

…gf;f]Ú syfsL d'Vo gf/Lkfq ;'eb|f x'g\ . 

pgL cwa}F;] gf/L kfqsf] ¿kdf pkl:yt 

5g\ . pgL pRrdWod juL{o kl/jf/sL 

afFemL u|fdL0f dlxnfsf] ¿kdf plePsL 

5g\ . pgL lqmofzLn, ldlxg]tL / k|ltli7t 

eP/ klg ck'tf]kgsf] kL8fn] lklN;PsL 

;t\ kfqsf] ¿kdf lrlgG5g\ . 

syfsf] k"jf{w{;Dd ;'eb|f ldlxg]tL, u'0fL, 

kltk/fo0ff / cfbz{ u[lx0fLsf] ¿kdf 

plePsL 5g\ . pgsf] hLjgsf] of}jgsf] 

k|yd efu cfwf 3/u[x:yL, ;fdflhs, 

dfgk|lti7f / v]tLkftLsf] ;d[l4df / 

cfwf efu kltsf] ;ª\ut xndf lat]sf] 

b]lvPsf] 5 h;af6 pgL cfbz{ u[lx0fL / 

kTgL lyOg\ eGg] s'/f k|:6 x'G5 . ha pd]/ 

k'u]/ klg pgL lg;Gtfg x'lG5g\ ta pgsf] 

hLjgsf] cfwf/:tDe lj:tf/} sdhf]/ 

kfb}{ hfG5 . of] h}ljs aGWofkgaf6 pgsf] 

gf/L JolQmsf] k|fs[lts k/fho x'g k'Uof] / 

pgsf] dft[Tj / jfT;Nor]tsf] of] ck"0f{tf 

pgsf] gf/LTjsf] dfq geP/ u[lxl0fTj 

/ kTgLTjsf lglDt Ps k|Zglrx\g aGof] 

-e§, @)^)M#)_ . tTsfnLg u|fdL0f 

;dfhsf] oyfy{ pgn] ;Gtfgk|flKtsf] 

nflu tLy{ j|t, wfdL emfFqmL cflb cg]s 

pkfo ckgfP klg ;kmn x'g g;s]kl5 

pgsf] gf/L r]tn] xf/ :jLsf/ ug{yfNof] . 

dft[Tjsf] k/fhosf sf/0f ;'eb|fn] rfx]/ 

grfx]/ klg b]jL/d0fnfO{ bf];|f] ljjfxsf] 

cg'dlt lbg'k¥of] . gf/Lx¿ sxfF sxfF 

xfg{ afWo x'G5g\, of] ;'eb|fsf] rl/qn] 

b]vfPsf] 5 . oxL dft[Tjsf] k/fhosf 

ljGb'af6 k}bf ePsf] gf/LTjsf] k/fhon] 

;'eb|fsf] rfl/lqs cGtlj{sf; b]vfpF5 . 

;f}tf s:tf x'G5g\ eGg] ;f]lrg;s]sL 

;'eb|fnfO{ gf}nLn] k"jf{g'ef; u/fOlbPsL 

lyO{ . …t}klg, ;f}tf eg]sf] d'6'sf] ax xf], 

cfh} cf]5\ofg 5f]8\g'k¥of] ef]ln 3/} 5f]8\ 

g'k5{ ls s] hflg;Sg' 5 / ÛÚ -d}gfnL, 

@)&!M$_ . cflv/ nIdLn] 5f]/f] 

zAb–;+of]hg÷24

hGdfPkl5 lj:tf/} kfsL gf}nLsf] syg 

;fljt x'Fb} cfof] . 5f]/fsL cfdf, gofF 

b'nxL nIdLsf] k|e'Tj 3/df a9\b} uPkl5 

;'eb|fn] kltdflysf] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ 

cyf{t\ kTgLTjsf] bfaLdf dfq geO{ 

u[lx0fLTjsf] k|e'Tj klg lj:tf/} u'dfpFb} 

hfg'k¥of] . ;DejtM ;'eb|fn] s'l07t 

gf/L dfgl;stf -;"Id¿kdf of}gr]tgf_ 

ef]Ug'k¥of] . b]jL/d0f ufpFn];Fu tLy{ofqf 

hfFbf nIdL / ;'zLnnfO{ lnP/ lxF8] . 

;'eb|fn] cfkm" 5f]/f] klg hGdfpg g;s]sf] 

/ pd]/ klg 9Nb} uP/ pk]lIft x'gk/]sf] 

dx;'; ul/g\ . o;/L nIdL;Fu ;r]t cr]t 

k|lt:kwf{df Gofo kfpg ;lsgg\ / r'krfk 

u[xTofu u/L kz'kltsf] uf}/L3f6df km'k";Fu 

a:g k'lug\ . o; kl/k|]Iodf ljrf/ ubf{ 

…gf;f]ÚsL ;'eb|f afFemL /xgfsf sf/0fn] 

;f}tf kfO{ qmdzM 5f]/f]sL cfdf ePsL 

;f}tfaf6 cjx]lnt eO{ kltaf6 klg 

Gofo kfpg ;lsgg\ / cf};t k/Dk/fut 

g]kfnL gf/Lx¿sL k|ltlglw h]7L kTgLsf 

¿kdf o; syfdf lrlqt l5g\ tfklg 

pgsf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfksf] lg/LIf0f 

ubf{ pgn] afFemL h]7L kTgL eP/ klg 

GofoeGbf cGofo ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . pgn] 

Ps kTgLsf]eGbf u[lx0fLsf] bfaLdf 

cfkm"dfly cGofo k/]sf] cg'ej u/]sL 

5g\ . vf;u/L tLy{ofqfsf] k|;ª\ub]lv 

cfkm\gf] kTgLTj ckdflgt ePsf] cg'ej 

u/]sL 5g\ . 

pgsf cfGtl/s åGå, cGtd'{lvtf / 

j}olQmstf syfsf] clGtd df]8df cfP/ 

;t\ k|j[lQ / cfbz{sf] ljGb'df kl/jlt{t 

ePsf 5g\ . gf}nLn] 3/ kms]{kl5 ;'eb|fsf] 

af/]df yfxf lbPkl5 b]jL/d0f cfkm}FnfO{ 

lwSsf5{g\ . gf}nLnfO{ 3/ lhDdf nufP/ 

;'eb|fnfO{ lng hfg] s'/f ub}{ubf{ ;'eb|f 

3/leq kl:5g\ . nf]Ug] / ;f}tfsf ;f/f 

dfg ckdfgsf s'/f lau|Fbf] 3/ u[x:yL 

/ klt, ;f}tf / afns ;'zLnk|lt 

st{Joaf]w;lxt 3/ kms{g' / a9L 

:jfledfg lng'nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3f]/ uNtL jf 

e'n 7fGg', nIdLn] ToxfF ;fx|} s8f rf]6 

nfu]sf] 5 ÛÚ -u'¿k|;fb, @)&!M!)_ egL 

Ifdf dfUb} 5f]/f] lhDdf nufpgfn] / dgf{n] 

;'eb|fsf] lht ePsf] 5 . 

pgL k"0f{tM ;kmn kfq g/x] klg c;kmn 

eGg klg gldNg] kfq /lxg\ . ;dfhdf 

;f}tfaLr x'g] åGå hf] :jfefljs 

nfU5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;'eb|f ;xgzLn, 

st{Jolgi7 cfbz{ rl/qsf] ¿kdf /xg 

;kmn b]lvlG5g\ . pgdf /x]sf] Pp6} l/Qmtf 

hf] afFemf]kg lyof], Tof] klg ;f}tfsf] 

d[To'kZrft\ gf;f]sf] ¿kdf k|fKt ;f}tfsf] 

5f]/f]n] k"0f{ ul/lbPsf] 5 . pgsf rl/qdf 

lglxt pT;u{ / clwstd\ ;xgzLntf tyf 

cfTdfg'e"ltsf] ljZn]if0f cfkm"nfO{ pQL0f{ 

u/fO{ b}jL ljwfgsf cfbzL{s/0fcGtu{t 

cfkm\gf] gf/LTj / u[lx0fLTjnfO{ k'gM k|fKt 

u/]sf] oxL sf]0faf6 ;'eb|fsf] rl/qnfO{ 

s;L nufpg ;lsG5 . 

@=@ nIdL 

nIdL …gf;f]Ú syfsL ;xgflosfsf] 

rl/qsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ePsL 5g\ . 

pgsf] rl/qnfO{ cNk dfqfdf j0f{g / 

;"rgfåf/f k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . o; 

syfdf pgnfO{ b]jL/d0fsL sfG5L kTgL, 

;'eb|fsL ;f}tf / ;'zLnsL hGdlbg] 

cfdfsf] ¿kdf pEofOPsf] 5 . cgd]n 

ljjfx / ;f}t]gL dfdnfdf afFlwPsL eP 

25÷zAb–;+of]hg

klg cfkm\gf] kTgLTjnfO{ …;'zLnÚ 5f]/f] 

hGdfP/ ;fy{s t'NofPsL 5g\ nIdLn] . 

dft[Tjdf ;kmn ;fljt ePkl5 lj:tf/} 

u[lx0fLTjsf] cl:dtf hfu[t x'G5 / 

pgn] ;Ifd u[lx0fL cfkm"eGbf kl/kSj 

;f}tf ;'eb|f;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug'{k5{ . To; 

k|lt:kwf{df 5f]/fsL cfdf, gofF b'nxLsf 

:jfledfgsf ltvf cleJolQm ;'eb|fsf 

lglDt ;}x\o geP klg Ps gf/Lsf ¿kdf 

nIdLsf b[li6sf]0faf6 c:jefljs 

nfUb}gg\ . ;f}tf;Fu Jojxfl/s x'gg;s]sL 

nIdLnfO{ ;'eb|fn] 3/ 5f8]kl5 k|fKt 

cs'l07t u[x:jfldTj 3fts l;4 

x'gk'U5 . ;'eb|fn] 3/ 5f]8]kl5 3/sf] ;Dk"0f{ 

lhDd]jf/L 3/, klt / afns 5f]/f]nfO{ 

;dfNg'kg]{ rsf]{ bfloTj axg ug'{kgf{n] 

pgnfO{ ?U0f t'NofOlbG5 . hLjgsf] clGtd 

cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 pgnfO{ oL ;a lrh 

lg/y{s dxTTjxLg nfu]sf] 5 . cfkm"n] 

hGdfPsf] 5f]/f] klg cfkm";Fu ;f}tfsf] 

gf;f]sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] cg'ej ub}{ ;'eb|f 

3/ kms]{kl5 p;}nfO{ lhDdf nufPsL 

l5g\ / cfkm" lbjª\ut ePsL l5g\ . o;/L 

nIdLn] klg tTsfnLg ;dfhdf ;f}tfk|lt 

/xg] b[li6sf]0fcg'¿ks} rl/q lgwf{/0f 

u/]sL 5g\ . hLjgsf] clGtd r/0fdf 

cfbzf]{Gd'v aGg] rl/qsf] ¿kdf nIdL 

/x]sL 5g\ . 

@=# gf}nL 

…gf;f]Ú syfdf /x]sL csL{ ;xfos kfq 

gf}nL x'g\ . hf] syfel/df hDdf tLg 

7fpFdf pkl:yt ePsL b]lvlG5g\ . Ps 

7fpFdf syfsf/ d}gfnLn] gf}nLsf] kl/ro 

lbPsf 5g\ eg] cGo b'O{ 7fpFdf pgL :jod\ 

cfkm\gf] ;+jfb dfkm{t\ pkl:yt ePsL 


5g\ . lj=;+= !((@ ;Dd g]kfndf sfod 

/x]sf] sl/ofk|yfsL sdf/L gf}nL cfkm\gf] 

To; ju{sL k|ltlglw rl/q x'g\ -e§, 

@)^)M#$_ . gf}nL ljlzi6 u'0f ePsLn] 

b]jL/d0fsf] 3/df pgnfO{ s;}n] klg 

gf]sgL{sf] h:tf] Jojxf/ ub}{g lyof] . x]bf{ 

;fdfGo rl/qsL h:tL b]lvP klg gf}nL 

eljiob|i6f h:tL b]lvPsL 5g\ . ;'eb|fsL 

;'vb'MvsL ;fyL ;'ebfnfO{ eljiosf] 

;ª\s]t j]n}df ug{ EofPsL l5g\ . ;fy} 

b]jL/d0fsL cToGt glhssL lxt]R5's 

klg / b]jL/d0fsf] kl/jf/df ;'vb'Mv 

b'a}df a/fa/ ;fd]n ePsL kfq 

x'g\ . syfdf ;fdfGo gf]sgL{sf] x}l;otdf 

/x]sL b]vfO Ptfklg pgsf k|To]s ;+jfb 

dxTTjk"0f{ ePsf 5g\ . pgnfO{ hLjg 

/ hut\ clg dfgjJojxf/sf] 1fg 5 . 

To;}n] ;'eb|fnfO{ eljiok|lt ;r]t u/fpg] 

p2]Zon] g} klg ;f}tf eg]sf] d'6'sf] ax 

xf], ;f]emf] afª\lug a]/ nfUb}gÆ -d}gfnL, 

@)&!M$_ . pgnfO{ k"j{ / k'gh{Gddf 

ljZjf; 5 . æah} Û hGde/ csf{sL 

bf;L eP/ a:g'k¥of], rf/f]6f cIftf eP 

klg 5/]/ cfpmF eg]/ afh];Fu la;} lbgsf] 

labf dfu]/ cfPsLÆ -d}gfnL, @)&! M 

(_ . pgnfO{ ;Tsd{ st{Jolgi7f / wfld{s 

cfr/0fdf k"/f ljZjf; 5 . pgsf log} 

u'0fn] ubf{ b]jLd/0f ;'eb|fsf] vf]hLdf 

hfFbf ;Dk"0f{ s'/fsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg 

l7Ss kb{5g\ . o;/L gf}nL cf+lzs¿kdf 

k|ltlglw b]lvP klg d"n ¿kdf ljlzi6 

rl/q x'g\ . 

@=$ u'dfg]sL :jf:gL 

u'dfg]sL :jf:gL …l5d]sLÚ syfdf uf}0f 

kfqsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ePsL 5 .

@=% uf}/L 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf d'Vo rl/qsf] 

¿kdf uf}/L /x]sL 5 . syfsf] k|d'v 

rl/q ePsL sf/0f uf}/L k"/} syfel/ 

5fO/xG5] . uf}/L afnljwjf a|fx\d0f 

kl/jf/sL o'jtL xf] . cfdfafa'sf] d[To' 

eO;s]sL pm bfh'sf] cf>odf dfOtLdf 

a;]sL 5 . ljwjf x'g' p;sf] bf]if xf]Og 

t/ klg dfG5]sf] d[To' ljz]if u/L kltsf] 

d[To' kTgLsf] cnlIf0fsf sf/0f x'G5 eGg] 

?l9u|:t ;dfhsL Pp6L k|ltlglw kfq 

x'f] uf}/L . cGwk/Dk/fn] ufFh]sf] g]kfnL 

;dfhdf ljwjfnfO{ /fd|f] nufpg], ld7f] 

vfg', dgf]/~hgdf /dfpg alh{t 5 / ;f] 

s'/faf6 of}jg cj:yfd} ljwjf x'gk'u]sL 

uf}/L klg al~rt x'g k'u]sL 5 . p;sf] 

x[bodf h}ljs rfxgf / c¿ dgf]/~hgdf 

/dfpg] rfxgf dgdf ;'if'Kt cj:yfdf /x] 

tfklg pd]/;Fu} a9\b} uPsf] 5 . c¿sf] 

bfDkTo hLjg b]Vbf cfkm\gf] ;'dw'/ bfDkTo 

hLjgsf] sNkgf ug]{ kfqsf] ¿kdf uf}/L 

/x]sL 5 . Psflt/ j}wJo hLjg latfpg 

kg]{ afWotf / csf]{lt/ of}jgfj:yfsf] 

k|fs[lts h}ljs cfjZostflar 

uf}/Lsf] dgdf åGå dlRr/xG5 . ;dfhn] 

agfPsf] lgi7f / lgod Psflt/ 5 h}ljs 

cfjZostf jf;gf csf]{lt/ xfjL ePsf] 

5 . ;wjfx¿sf] dfq 7flgPsf] bfDkTo 

;'v / ;f}efUonfO{ ljwjfn] ckgfPdf 

;fdflhs / sfg'gL s7f]/ b08 ef]Ug afWo 

x'g'k5{ eGg] s]xL yfxf gkfPsL o'jtL 

uf}/L bfDkTo hLjg / k'?ifsf] ;fldKosf] 

rfxgfn] cfslif{t eP/ uf]ljGbsf] /fd|f] 

Jojxf/, ld7f] af]nLdf ljZjf; u/]/ km:g 

k'u]sL 5 . 

uf]ljGbn] p;nfO{ b]vfPsf] u[lx0fL 

x'gkfpg] ld7f] ;kgfsf sf/0f uf]ljGb;Fu 

g} afFsL hLjg laTg] cfzdf uf]ljGb|k|lt 

k"0f{¿kn] ;dlk{t x'g k'u]sL 5 . ha uf}/L 

ue{jtL x'G5] ta uf]ljGb p;nfO{ e]6\ 

g;Dd 5f]l8lbG5 To;kl5 uf}/Lsf] ;kgf 

rsgfr'/ ePsf] 5 . ¿k, s]xL lzIff / 

gf/L;'ne ljljw u'0fn] kl/k"0f{ eP/ klg 

afnljwjf ePsL pm ;dfhdf u[lx0fL aGg 

cof]Uo 7xl/G5] . uf]ljGbsf] å}w rl/q 

lrGg g;s]sL uf}/L uf]ljGb;Fu cfkm\gf] 

k'glj{jfx x'g] ljZjf; ub{5] . ;dfh, 

kl/jf/ / :jod\ uf]ljGbn] klg p;}dfly 

bf]if yf]kg]{ kSsf ePkl5 k|folZrtsf] 

gfddf cfTdxTof u5{] . p;df g]kfnL ;/n 

/ clzlIft gf/Ldf em}F ;fdflhs r]tgf 

gePsfn] cfkm\gf] lj/f]w cGofok"0f{ 

¿kn] 86]/ ;dfh / sfg'glj?4 cfafh 

p7fpg ;lSbg / cfkm" lgbf]{if 5' eGg] 1fg 

klg x'Fb}g . o;/L uf}/LnfO{ s]xL cGtd'{vL, 

ultzLn / oyfy{ ¿kdf pEofOPsf] 5 . 

@=^ uf]ljGbsL alxgL 

uf]ljGbsL alxgL …k|folZrtÚ syfdf 

uf}0f kfqsf] ¿kdf pkl:yt ePsL 5 / 

o; syfdf p;sf] ljjfx ePsf] k|;ª\u 

p7fOPsf] 5 . 

@=& cK;/f h:tf ;'Gb/Lx¿ 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf cK;/f h:tf 

;'Gb/Lx¿ eg]/ ljDasf] ¿kdf ;f}Gbo{sf] 

aofg ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . 

@=* rd]nL 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf rd]nL uf]ljGbsL 

3/sL gf]sgL{sf] e"ldsfdf /x]sL 

27÷zAb–;+of]hg

]vfOPsf] 5 . 

@=( 6f]nsf cfOdfO{x¿ 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf 6f]nsf cfOdfO{x¿ 

uf}0f kfqsf ¿kdf pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ . 

@=!) uf]ljGbsL cfdf 

uf]ljGbsL cfdf o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf 

csL{ gf/Lkfqsf] ¿kdf /x]sL 5g\ . pgsf] 

e"ldsf yf]/} /x]sf] 5 . yf]/} e"ldsfdf 

klg dxTTjk"0f{ pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . uf}/L 

/ uf]ljGbsf] hLjgdf 7'nf] afws ePsL 

uf]ljGbsL cfdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf …gf/Lsf 

zq' gf/L g} x'G5g\Ú eGg] egfOnfO{ rl/tfy{ 

ug]{ rl/q xf] . lognfO{ uf}/L / 5f]/f] 

uf]ljGbaf/] s]xL 1fg 5 / uf}/L ue{jtL 

ePsf] klg yfxf 5 . cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] 

uNtLnfO{ 9fSg uf}/Lsf] ckdfg ub{l5g\ . 

…sf] < uf}/L a]:o] xf] ls < of] lg5'{nL /fF8 

Psftf/} xfd|f 3/df lsg cfO/xG5] xF < 

o;sf huN6f e'TNofP/ lgsfNb] rd]nL 

Û cnlR5gLn] laxf ePsf dlxg] lbgdf 

kf]O 6f]sL, ca s;nfO{ 6f]Sg cfF6]sL xf] 

ÛÚ -d}gfnL @)&!M@@_ . o;/L tTsfnLg 

u|fdL0f ;dfhdf kfOg] Pp6L 5f]/fsL 

cfdfsf] e"ldsfdf uf]laGbsL cfdf 

;kmn b]lvPsL 5g\ . 

@=!! uf}/LsL efph" 

uf}/LsL efph"sf] e"ldsf Psk6ssf] 

;Gbe{df dfq syfdf cfPsf] 5 . o; … 

k|folZrtÚ syfdf pgn] kl/jf/sL ;b:o 

eP/ klg uf}/LnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg ;s]sL 

5}gg\ . uf]ljGbsL cfdfsf] b'j{rgn] cfxt 

ePsL uf}/Lsf sfgdf logsf] p;k|ltsf] 

cfnf]rgfTds jfSon] cfuf]df £o" yKg] 

sfd u/]sf] 5 . uf}/LsL efph" c;t\ 

rl/q geP klg pbf/, TofuL / ;fdflhs 

r]t ePsL b]lvFb}gg\ . logL k/Dk/fjfbL 

b[li6sf]0f ePsL k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ . 

@=!@ sfG5L 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf sfG5L uf}/LsL 

efph"sL alxgL eP/ uf}0f kfqsf] ¿kdf 

pkl:yt /x]sL kfOG5 . 

@=!# uf}/LsL cfdf 

o; …k|folZrtÚ syfdf uf}/LsL cfdf uf}/L 

cr]t ePsf] cj:yfdf pkl:yt ePsL 

l:y/ kfqsL ¿kdf /x]sL kfOG5 . 

@=!$ d+unL 

…kfksf] kl/0ffdÚ syfdf Ps dfq 

gf/L rl/q dª\unL /x]sL 5 . ul/a / 

kL5l8Psf] ;dfhsL Ps dfq kl/>dL 

gf/L kfq dª\unL xf] . pm zf]liftkLl8t 

gf/Lkfqsf] ¿kdf plePsL 5 . ufpFsf] 

d'lvofsf] zf]if0f p;nfO{ yfxf eP klg 

s]xL ug{;lSbg . pm ul/a ePs} sf/0f 

lj/f]wsf] cfafh lgsfNg ;lSbg . Hj/f]n] 

a]xf];\ ePsf j]nfdf eg] pm sfGt]sf] 

lj/f]wdf a/fa/fPsL kfOG5 . …u'xf/ Û 

sfGt]n] vf]k|fdf cfuf] ;NsfOlbof] Û nf]Ug] 

89]/ d/], 5f]/f5f]/L lklN;g nfu]sf] 5g\ 

ÛÚ -d}gfnL, @)&!M$#_ . pm oyfy{jfbL 

kl/>dL ;t\kfq xf] . 

@=!% k|ef 

k|ef o; …labfÚ syfsL gflosf x'g\ . 

To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ syf k|efsf] jl/kl/ 3'd]sf] 

kfOG5 . k|ef dWodjuL{o vqLs'ndf 

hlGdPsL ¿k, of}jg / wgn] ;DkGg 

o'jtL x'g\ . pgL s]xL lzlIft klg 5g\ . 

tTsfnLg ;dodf la; jif{sf] pd]/;Dd 

zAb–;+of]hg÷28

klg ljjfx gePsf] t/ cfkm\gf ;fyL;ª\lt 

;a}sf] ljjfx eO;s]sf]n] cb[Zo¿kdf 

pgdf ljjfxsf] rfxgf a9]sf] 5 . h;sf 

sf/0f afa'sf] OR5fljk/Lt :jo+j/ u/]/ 

b[9 rl/q ePsL gf/L kfqsL ¿kdf o; 

syfdf pkl:yt ePsL l5g\ . 

afa'sf] OR5fljk/Lt cfkm\gf] k|]dL g/]Gb|;Fu 

hLjg latfpg] clenfiffn] k|efn] 

cfkm\gf] hGd3/ 5f]8]sL l5g\ ha pgnfO{ 

cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/s dof{bfljk/Lt kfOnf 

rfn]/ cfkm" 3/ g 3f6sL ePsf] 1fg 

x'G5 ta pgnfO{ lrGtfn] 3]g{ yfN5 . o; 

j]nf k|efsf] cGtd'{vL rl/q b]lvG5 . 

g/]Gb|n] pgs} cfFvf cufl8af6 ljlwk"j{s 

hGtLsf ;fy ljjfx u/]/ gofF b'nxL 

nu]sf] b]v]kl5 pgsf] cxd\n] g/]Gb|sf] 

wf]sfk"0f{ k|]dnfO{ TofUg] lg0f{o lnG5 / 

pgL c1ft 7fpFdf bf]lhof cj:yfdf 

k|:yfg ub{l5g\ . k|efsf] of] lg0f{o ;dfh 

/ g/]Gb| b'a}sf] cGofok|ltsf] ck|ToIf 

lj/f]w / lj/lQm xf] . :jod\ g/]Gb|n] wf]sf 

lbPsf] / ;dfhn] klg g/]Gb|sf] j}w kTgL 

:jLsf/ gu/]sf]n] pgL hf]lugL x'Fbf klg 

pgsf] cg'xf/df eLif0f g}/fZo / pTs6 

j]bgf emlNsPsf] kfOG5 . 

o; syfsL k|d'v gflosf k|efsf] rl/q 

uf]nf] ¿kdf lrq0f ePsf] 5 . pgL sf]dn 

x[bo ePsL ultzLn rl/q x'g\ . g/]Gb|sf] 

k|]ddf cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg pT;u{ u/]sL 

pgL cfbz{ rl/q x'g\ . syfsf/n] k|efsf 

cfGtl/s / afx\o b'a} kIfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu 

phfu/ u/]sf 5g\ . of] syf k|efs} 

;]/f]km]/f]df cl8Psf] 5 . 

@=!^ d]hgL{ a'9L 

…labfÚ syfdf g/]Gb|sL cfdfsf] e"ldsfdf 

d]hgL{ a'9L /x]sL kfOG5 . logL uf}0f kfq 

x'g\ . 

@=!& wfO{ a'9L 

…labfÚ syfdf 3/a]6L wfO{ a'9Lsf] e"ldsf 

Go"g /x]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg ;fdflhs 

hLjgsL PSnL gf/L k|ltlglw x'g\ 

pgL . b/af/df a;]/ wfO{ sfd u/]sL pgL 

s]xL ;DklQ cfh{g u/]/ PSnf] hLjg 

latfO/x]sL l5g\ . ljwjf / ;GtfgxLg 

tL gf/L lg/fz hLjg ljtfpg afWo 

l5g\ . pgsf] rl/qnfO{ s?0ff / c¿k|lt 

;xfg'e"lt /fVg] kfqsf] ¿kdf b]vfOPsf] 

5 . æPsrf]l6 t cFTofOxfNof} af Û ca 

s:tf] 5

eP/ a:bf w]/} ;xof]u ul5{g\ . k|efsf] 

5f]/f] pgs} cf>ddf hGdG5 . pgL 

;f+;fl/s dfofhfnaf6 pDsg PsfGt 

uª\uflsgf/fdf s'6Ldf a;]sL ;t\ rl/q 

x'g\ . pgdf cfkm\gf] ;+:sf/cg'¿k /ftsf] 

kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/ ug]{ / ;ª\s6df k/]sfnfO{ 

d2t ug]{ r]tgf kfOG5 . 

@=@@ uf}+FynL 

uf}FynL rfd]sL kTgLsL ¿kdf o; 

…k/fnsf]Ú syfdf pkl:yt /x]sL 5 . 

uf}FynL ufpFn] kl/j]zsL lgZrn / ;kmf 

rl/qsL kfq xf] . pm d'vfn] / l56\6} 

k|ltlqmof JoQm ug]{ o'jtLsf ¿kdf lrlqt 

5 . ufpFn] gf/Lx¿df kfOg] gfrufg, 

/dfOnf] ljjfx, d]nf cflbdf rfv /fVg] 

/ efu lng] rl/qsf] ¿kdf pEofOPsf] 

5 . o;/L dgf]/~hgdf e'ln/xFbf ;do 

lat]sf] kQf] gkfpg] :jfefljs k|j[lQ 

uf}FynLdf kfOG5 . syfsf/n] uf}FynLsf] 

rl/qsf] oyfy{k/s lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . 

pm tTsfnLg u|fdL0f gf/Lx¿sL k|ltlglw 

kfq ag]sL 5 . rfd]sf] l/;fxf afgL / 

uf}FynLsf] d'vfn] afgLn] ;w}F 3/ emu8f 

x'G5 . cfOdfO{sf] afFr'Gh]n a:g] 3/ 

nf]Ug]s} 3/ xf] eGg] efjgf p;df kfOG5 . 

pm :jfefljs kfq xf] . 

@=@# sf]sn]sL cfdf 

sf]sn]sL cfdf syfdf PskN6 k|j]z 

u/]sL 5 . ha rfd]sf] e}F;Ln] p;sf] 

af/Lsf] ev{/ uf]8]sf] ds} ;f]Q/ kfl/lbof] 

clg p;nfO{ ;Qf];/fk ug]{ r]fyfn] 

u|fdL0f dlxnf kfqsf] ¿kdf …k/fnsf] 

cfuf]Ú syfdf /x]sL 5 . 

@=@$ sf]sn]sL alxgL 

…k/fnsf] cfuf]Ú syfdf sf]sn]sL 


alxgLnfO{ uf}0f kfqsf] ¿kdf pkl:yt 

u/fOPsf] 5 . rfd]sf] e}F;Ln] ds} ;f]Q/ 

kf/]sf] va/ sf]sn]nfO{ k'¥ofpg] kfq oxL 

xf] . 

@=@% h'7]sL kTgL 

h'7]sL kTgL o; …k/fnsf] cfuf]Ú syfsL 

uf}0f kfq xf] . syfsf] k"0f{ c+zdf sxLF 

st} dfq h'7]sL kTgLsf] pkl:ylt 

u/fOPsf] 5 . h'7]sL kTgL h'7]sf] 

cfbz{df lxF8\g] kfqsf] ¿kdf cl8PsL 

5 . h'7]sL kTgLnfO{ ;xgzLn rl/qsf] 

¿kdf pEofOPsf] 5 . d'vfn] afgL / 

l/;fxf :jefjn] 3/u[x:yLdf czflGt 

NofpF5 eGg] s'/f a'em]sL h'7]sL kTgL 

Pp6f cfbz{sf] ¿kdf syfsf/n] syfdf 

pEofPsf 5g\ . 

@=@^ uª\uf 

…cefuLÚ syfdf uª\uf ;xfos gf/L 

kfqsf] ¿kdf /x]sL kfOG5 . uª\uf l:y/ 

kfq xf] . 

@=@& vlqgL a'9L 

vlqgL a'9L …cefuLÚ syfdf bofn' 

:jefjsL 5g\ . pgL s[i0fnfO{ dfof 

ul5{g\ æeft vfO;\ ls vfOg;\ lg < ;s] 

o; j]nf;Dd d'v wf]Psf] klg xf]cf]Og 

-d}gfnL, @)&!M^*_

@=@( s?0ff 

k|:t't …cefuLÚ syf ;xfos kfq s?0ff 

gfos afnkfq s[i0fsL ljdftf xf] . 

p;}sf] sf/0f s[i0fsf] hLjg gi6 ePsf] 

5 . ;dfhn] ;f}t]gL cfdfnfO{ h:tf] 

lsl;dn] lrq0f u5{ To:t} rl/qsf] 

;fy{s ¿k s?0ff xf] . s?0ff gfdsf] l7s 

ljk/Lt rl/q s?0ffn] wf/0f u/]sL 5 . 

cfdf 7fg]/ s[i0f glhs x'gvf]Hbf ;f}t]gL 

efjn] kG5fpFb} nUb5] . ha cfkm" 5f]/fsL 

cfdf aG5] clg …;f}tfsf] 5f]/f] em8\s]nf]Ú 

eg] em}F s[i0fnfO{ 3/af6 lgsfNg] bfpdf 

nfu]sL h:tL b]lvG5] . s?0ffs} sf/0f 

b;}Fh:tf] 7'nf] rf8df klg s[i0f]n] gofF 

n'uf nufpg kfpFb}g / ld7f] vfg klg 

kfpFb}g . 6'x'/f] afnsk|lt bof / :g]xsf] 

abnf rf]/Lsf] bf]if nufP/ lk6\b}, ufnL ub}{ 

/ nv]6\b} ug]{ s?0ffdf g]kfnL kl/jf/df 

;f}t]gL 8fxfn] u|l;t ePsf dlxnfx¿df 

kfOg] b'u'{0f kfOG5 . 

@=#) af6'nL 

af6'nL …cefuLÚ syfsL uf}0f kfq x'g\ . 

pgL l:y/ kfPsf] ¿kdf /x]sL 5g\ . 

@=#! 7'nL 

7'nL …cefuLÚ syfsL csL{ uf}0f afnkfq 

xf] . 

@=#@ g]jfgL{ a'9L 

o; …cefuLÚ syfdf g]kYodf /x]sL kfq 

g]jfgL{ a'9L xf] . 

@=## uf}/LgfysL :jf:gL 

o; …cefuLÚ syfsL l:y/ gf/L kfq 

uf}/LgfysL :jf:gL xf] . 

@=#$ 8NnL 

8NnL …;lxbÚ syfdf g]kYodf /x]sL gf/L 

kfq xf] . 

@=#% ;flxFnL 

;flxFnL klg …;lxbÚ syfdf uf}0f kfqsf 

¿kdf /x]sL gf/L kfq xf] . 

@=#^ d'/nLw/sf b'O{ 5f]/Lx¿ 

…st{JoÚ syfdf /x]sf d'/nLw/sf b'O{ 

5f]/Lx¿ uf}0f kfq x'g\ . 

@=#& sdnf 

sdnf d'/nLw/sL kTgLsf] ¿kdf 

o; …st{JoÚ syfdf pkl:yt ePsL 

5g\ . d'/nLw/sf] st{Jokydf afws 

aGgvf]Hg] ;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf 

dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltlglw gf/Lsf ¿kdf 

j0f{g ul/PsL 5g\ . pgs} sf/0fn] 

d'/nLw/n] afa';Fu 5'l6\6g'k/]sf] b]lvG5 

/ kl5 zzLw/sf] lax]df st{Jo ;Dem]/ 

hfgnfu]sf d'/nLw/nfO{ e8\sfpg / 

/f]Sg pgL w]/} k|oTg ul5{g\ . æef], d t 

df/] klg hfg lbGgF . pgnfO{ bfHo' efpHo" 

grflxPkl5 xfdLn] dfq} lsg cFufnf] 

xfNb} lxF8\g] -d}gfnL, @)&!M(#_

kTgL, efph" / cfdfsf] ¿kdf k|:t't 

ul/Psf] 5 . zf]ef lgd{nsL kTgL x'g\ 

eg], xl/ / j;'wfsL cfdf x'g\ . o;}u/L 

/fd'sL ;f}t]gL efph" . /fd' ;fgf] 5Fb} 

p;sf afa'cfdf b'a}sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 

x'G5 / To;kl5sf] nfngkfng zf]efn] 

g} u/]sL x'lG5g\ . zf]ef / lgd{nsf] 

cfTdLo Jojxf/n] g} /fd'n] afO; 

jif{sf] pd]/df Pd=P;=;L=df k|yd eP/ 

sn]hdf k|fWofks x'g] df}sf kfpF5 . 

/fd'sf] hLjgsf] pHHjn eljio lgdf{0fdf 

zf]efsf] cljid/0fLo of]ubfg ePsfn] tL 

b'O{sf lar cfdf / 5f]/fsf] :g]x ufFl;Psf] 

x'G5 . 

pgL cGtd'{vL / ;xgzLn rl/qsL 

ePsLn] ;a} ;x]/ a:g] vfnsf] rl/q 

ePsL kfq x'g\ . cfkm"n] c3fb :g]x u/]/ 

x'sf{Psf] b]j/n] cfkm"nfO{ nTofpFbf;Dd 

klg s]xL gaf]Ng] zf]ef, ToxL b]j/ l;ls:t 

ePsf] ;'g]kl5 dg yfDgg;s]/ b]j/sf] 

;]jfdf nflU5g\ / b]j/nfO{ lgsf] kfl5{g\ . 

o;/L zf]efsf] rl/qdf st{Jok/fo0ftf, 

;]jfefj, lgisfd k|]d / cfbz{ Jojxf/ 

kfpg;lsG5 . zf]ef ;t\kfqsf] ¿kdf 

syfdf pkl:yt ePsL l5g\ . s]xL 

dfqfdf cGtd'{vL eP klg w}o{zLn / 

IfdfzLn rl/qsf] ¿kdf ;Dk"0f{ syfel/ 

zf]efsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . 

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…k|TofudgÚ syfdf 6f]nl5d]ssf 

cfOdfO{x¿ uf}0f kfqsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . 

@=$# hL cfdf 

hL cfdf …k|TofoudgÚ syfsL uf}0f kfq 

x'g\ . 

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b'nxL aHo} klg …k|TofoudgÚ syfsL 

uf}0f kfq x'g\ . 

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j;'wf, afnkfq xf] . …k|TofudgÚdf 

zf]efsL 5f]/L ePsL p;sf] o; syfdf 

s]xL e"ldsf 5}g . 

@=$^ efG5] afx'gL 

/fd'n] zf]efnfO{ sfd ;3fpgsf] nflu 

NofOlbPsL …k|TofudgÚ syfsL uf}0f kfq 

efG5] afx'gL x'g\ . 

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b'nxL o; …k|TofudgÚ syfsL csL{ 

gf/Lkfq x'g\ . wgL 3/sL 5f]/L b'nxL sk6L 

/ b'i6 rl/q ePsL kfqsf] ¿kdf o; 

syfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgL cgfbz{, 

:jfyL{ / cg'Q/bfoL :j¿ksL k|ltlglwsf 

¿kdf b]vfk/]sL l5g\ . …gf/Lsf cg]s 

¿k x'G5g\Ú eGg] s'/fnfO{ rl/tfy{ ug]{ 

sfd b'nxLn]] u/]sL 5g\ . /fd'sf] zfGt / 

;'vdo 3/nfO{ pgL etfe'ª\u kfl5{g\ . pgL 

pQ/bfloTj jxg gug]{ cfdf / kTgLsf] 

¿kdf /x]sL l5g\ . l;ls:t la/fdL klt / 

;fgf] 5f]/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ cfdf;Fu blIf0fsfnL 

uPsf] 36gfn] of] s'/fsf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . 

pgL s]xL sk6L / b'i6 rl/qsL ePsL 

klg k|:6 x'G5 . lgd{nsf] 3/df h]7fgL;Fu} 

a:bf pgsf cg]s b'Zrl/qtf b]lvG5g\ 

h:t} –l5d]sLsxfF uP/ vfg glbP/ 

dfg{ nfuL eGg', lbge/ pkGof; k9\g' jf 

knªdf kN6]/ ;'lt/xg' / em\ofndf a;]/ 

sn]haf6 kms]{sf ljBfyL{x¿ / hfqf x]g'{ 

/ /flt nf]Ug]nfO{ grflxFbf s'/f nufpg' 

cflb . b'nxL alxd'{vL c;t\ / l:y/ 

zAb–;+of]hg÷32

l/q x'g\ . pgsf] rl/qdf j0f{g, ;+jfb / 

l6Kk0fLåf/f k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . 

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/fd'sL b'nxLn] dfOtLaf6 sf];]nLkft 

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syfsf uf}0f kfqx¿ x'g\ . 

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zf]efnfO{ /fd' la/fdL ePsf] va/ 

lbgcfpg] …k|TofudgÚ syfsL gf/L kfq 

t?0fL cfOdfO{ xf] . 

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b'nxLsL d'df…k|TofudgÚdf uf}0f kfqsf] 

¿kdf pkl:yt /x]sL kfq x'g\ . 

@=%! zzL 

o; …lrtfsf] HjfnfÚ syfsL 

d'Vo kfq zzL /fd|L, lx:;L k/]sL 

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l5g\ . zzLsf] afn;vf xl/nfO{ g} zzLn] 

cfkm\gf] eljiosf] kltsf]] ¿kdf x]g{ 

yfn]sL x'lG5g\ . xl/s} lhl4n] ubf{ afns 

sfnb]lv g} xl/n] zzLnfO{ cfkm";Fu lax] 

u5'{ egL eGgnufpg] u/]sf] x'Fbf zzLn] 

xl/nfO{ g} cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyLsf] ¿kdf 

x]/]sL x'lG5g\ t/ ;do / kl/l:yltsf] 

k|lts"ntfsf sf/0f ;'Gb/L / u'0fL o'jtL 

zzLsf] lax] hft, s'n / wgL ef/bf/sf] 

vf]qmf] cf8Da/sf] vf]n cf]9]sf] b'Zrl/q 

JolQm;Fu pgsf] OR5flj?4 x'gk'U5 . 

;dfhsf] kmf];|f] cf8Da/sf] l;sf/ ag]sL 

zzL b'O{ kL8f xl/;Fusf] ljof]u / b'/frf/L 

kltsf] k|tf8gf vKg g;s]/ 7'nf] /f]usf] 

l;sf/ aGbl5g\ / d[To'sf] glhs} k'Ubl5g\ . 

zzLnfO{ k|]d / st{Jo b'a} s'/fdf efUon] 

;fy lbFb}g . pgsf] k|]d ;dfh / kl/jf/sf] 

sf/0f ;kmn x'Fb}g eg] 3/ / kltk|ltsf] 

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;Dej x'Fb}g . cgd]n ljjfxsf] alnj]bLdf 

pgsf] hLjg cfx'lt aGgk'U5 . zzLsf] 

rl/q lgd{n / cfbz{jfbL 5 . g]kfnL 

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x'g\ . 

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lx;fan] ;'eb|f, gf}nL cwa}F;] 5g\ eg] 

nIdL sd pd]/sL 5 . w]/} h;f] syfx¿df 

u|fdL0f ;dfhsf gf/Lkfqx¿ e]l6G5g\ eg] 

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k|efn] ;xl/of kfqsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sL 

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3/a]6L wfO{, h'7]sL kTgL, vlqgL a'9L, 

zf]ef cflb cfbz{ kfqsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 

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s?0ff cflb c;t\ kfqsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 

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5g\ eg] st} O{iof{n', 3/ efF8\g] lsl;dsf] 

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nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg . 

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em6\6 x]bf{ æ;+;f/ O{Zj/ljxLg 

5 . x/]s s'/fsf] d"No lgwf{/s tTTj 

dflg;sf] cfTdf1fg dfq xf]Æ eGg] 

cjwf/0ffaf6 wd{ lg/k]IftfjfbL lrGtgn] 

d"t{¿k lnPsf] xf] . of] ;s/fTds / 

k|ultzLn sbd h:tf] b]lvP tfklg of] 

cfnf]rgfTds ;Ldf;Dd p7\g g;s]sf] 

cj:t'afbL lrGtg g} xf] . =-DoflS;d 

uf]sL{_ ljlgdf{0fjfbL Hofs 8]l/8f, pQ/ 

;+/rgfjfbL k'msf] / cl:tTjjfbL hFf kfn 

;fq{sf] ef}lts w/ftn lgT;]sf] bz{gdf 

l6s]sf] 5 . elgG5, …p;sf] dxfdfgj 

-hf] z'4 gZnaf6 lgld{t x'G5_sf] 

;f]rn] d';f]lngLsf] kmfF;Ljfb / lx6n/sf] 

gfhLjfbsf] hGd eof] . h;n] ljZjdf 

cflwkTo hdfpg] of]hgf u/]/ k|e'Tjafbsf] 

e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] . lgT;]bz{gsf] unt 

JofVof u/]/ cfˆgf]cg's"n /fhgLltdf 

ltgLx¿n] k|of]u u/] . To;sf] gsf/fTds 

kl/0ffd :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . pQ/ 

cfw'lgstfjfbLx¿sf] ;ff]rn] k|ultjfbL 

If]qdf ;d]t ghflgbf] lsl;dn] 

/f]u nfUg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] unt 

;+:s[ltsf] lj/f]wdf k|ultjfbLx¿ ;r]t 

x'g' cfjZos 5 . pTkfbgsf] ;Gbe{df 

;+:s[lt jbln/xG5 . j}1flgs9ª\usf] 

¿kfGt/0fsf] ;+:s[lt g} jf:tljs ;+:s[lt 

aG5 . of] ckl/xfo{ 5 . 

u= ;f+:s[lts cltqmd0f 

g]kfndf o'uf}F klxn]b]lv ax';+:s[ltdf 

cfwfl/t ;f+:s[lts ;b\efj sfod 

/lxcfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] ;+:s[lt zf;s ju{sf] 

r]k'jfdf k/]sf] P]ltxfl;s tYo xf] . ;'uf}nL 

;lGwcl3 klg ef/tLo ;fdGtL zf;s / 

lxGb'jfbL lrGtgdf cfwfl/t ;+:s[ltn] 

g]kfnL ;dfhdf cf}kgLj]lzstf sfod 

u/]sf] lyof] . lxGb'wd{sf] cjtf/jfbL 

lrGtg, sd{sf08jfbL k4ltn] g]kfnL 

;dfhdf cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;'uf}nL 

;lGwn] g]kfnL :jfledfgnfO{ 3'F8f 6]Sg 

afWo kf¥of] . jL/ /;sf] ;6\6fdf lg/fzf, 

z[[ª\ufl/s / zf;ssf] u'0fufgsf] ;flxTo, 

snf, ;+:s[lt rNg yfNof] . lg/ª\ 

s'z zf;glj/f]wL ;+:s[ltsf] bdg 

x'gyfNof] . To;}sf] rª\u'ndf g]kfnsf] 

;+:s[lt km:g k'Uof] . ;g\ !*$^ lt/ 

cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfbLsf] O;f/fdf 

g]kfndf hª\axfb'/ /f0ffn] sf]tkj{ u/L 

/fHozlQm cfˆgf] xftdf kf/] . pgL 

a]nfotL cf}klgj]lzs zf;ssf c;nL 

kx/]bf/ ag] . To;}n] sfn{dfS;{n] …gf]6; 

cg OlG8ofÚ gfds k':tsdf hª\uaxfb'/ 

/f0ffnfO{ la|l6; ;fd|fHosf] kfNt' s's'/ 

-/lgª +_ eg]sf 5g\ . …of] P]ltxfl;s 

tYon] xfd|f] /fhg}lts wf/ tof/ kfg{ 

of]ubfg k'U5 . xfd|f] /fhg}lts wf/ 

;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w xf]Ú 

eg]/ sd/]8 k'iknfnn] JoQm ug'{ePsf] 

5 . cª\u|]h ef/taf6 kms]{ klg 

ef/tLo zf;sx¿n] g]kfndfly ToxL 

k/Dk/fsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ sfod ul//fv]sf] 

5 . x:tIf]ksf] ;+:s[|ltnfO{{ oyfjt sfod 

/flv/fv]sf] 5 . 

39÷zAb–;+of]hg

;'uf}nL ;lGwkl5 cem vf;u/L uf]vf{ 

etL{ s]Gb|df g]kfnLx¿ egf{ x'g yfn]kl5 

klZrdf ;+:s[ltn] O:6 OlG8of sDkgL x'Fb} 

g]kfndf Jofks k|efj kfg{yfNof] . clxn] 

xfd|f] g]kfndf ;f+:s[lts lj:tf/jfb 

/ ;fd|fHojfbn] x:tIf]k u/]sf] 5 . 

;f+:s[lts ;fd|fHojfbn] t];|f] ljZjdf 

ljZjk'FhLjfbsf] cfly{s, /fhg}lts 

:jfy{sf] ;+/If0f u/]sf] 5 . l5d]sL d'n'sdf 

ul/g] ef/tLo x:tIf]k o;} ;+:s[ltdf kg]{ 

u/]sf] 5 . 

3= klZrdf ;+:s[ltsf] rxnkxn 

cfw'lgs ;"rgf, ;+rf/sf] k|ljlw / 

-;fOa/ ;+:s[lt;d]t_af6 xfd|f] d'n'sdf 

klg cGo d'n'sdf h:t} k'FhLafbL 

;+:s[ltsf ljs[lt lj;ª\ult / s'¿k 

;F+:s[ltsf] k|rf/k|;f/df Jofkstf cfPsf] 

5 . To;sf] lgof]lht9ª\uaf6 rxnkxn 

a9]sf] 5 . o;n] cNk ljsl;t d'n'sdf 

rn]sf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / hftLo 

d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . 

o;n] hg;ª\3if{ / k|ultzLn j}rfl/s 

cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ ;kmntf 

xfl;n ub{} uPsf] 5 . of]] cfˆgf] cfly{s, 

/fhg}lts :jfy{k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu 

pkef]QmfjfbL Jofkf/L :jfy{l;t ufFl;P/ 

ljleGg d'n'sx¿df km}lnPsf] 5 . To;df 

klg ltgLx¿n] of] cleofg ;~rfngsf 

nflu gofF k|ljlwx¿ ljsf; / lj:tf/ 

u/]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o 

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ dfkm{t g]kfndf 

ljleGg k|sf/sf ¿k / z}nLdf ;+f:s[lts 

/ ;"rgfsf If]qdf ;fd|fHoafbn] 


g]kfnL ;dfhdf gkTofpFbf]9ª\un] 

cflwkTo hdfpg yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnL 

;dfhsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s 9fFrfdf 

pTkfbg;DaGw / pTkfbgk|0ffnL hf]l8g 

cfpg] eg]sf] ;+:s[ltsf dfWodaf6 g} 

xf] . 

cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf gfddf 

b]zdf l5d]sL ldq/fi6«x¿af6 :yfkgf 

ul/Psf / cfˆg} zlQmaf6 lgdf{0f 

ul/Psf pBf]uwGbfx¿ lghLs/0fsf] 

gfddf ;:tf]df j]lrP . pBf]uwGbfx¿ 

Wj:t kfl/P . o'jfx¿ a]/f]huf/ eP/ 

nfvf}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf lab]l;g afWo 

eP . o;n] b]zdf o'jf zlQmsf] cefjdf 

w]/} k|sf/sf gf]S;fgL Joxf]g'{k/]sf] 

5 . To;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] ;dfhdf ljs[t 

;+:s[ltsf] babaf;d]t b]vfk/]sf] 5 . 

at{dfg r'gf}tLk"0f{ cj:yfdf ;f+:s[lts 

e|i6Ls/0faf6 g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ d'lQm 

lbnfpg' lgs} g} r'gf}tLk"0f{ ePsf] 

5 . To;}n] klg gj r]tgfsf] cfjZostf 

/x]sf] 5 . 

ª= P]ltxfl;s g]kfnL ;+:s[lt 

g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+:s[lt 

dxTTjk"0f{ 5 . jt{dfg g]kfnnfO{ 

a'e\mg g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+:s[ltsf] 

lgDgfg';f/ cWoog ug'{ cfjZos 5 M 

o;sf k|fuP]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{ . 

dft[;QfTds ;dfhaf6 ePsf] 

;+s|d0f . 

P]ltxfl;s ;Eotfx¿ . 

ljleGg dfgjhfltx¿sf] ;b\efjk"0f{ 

a;f]jf; cflb cWoog ug{;lsg]

;f+:s[lts If]q x'g\ . 

o;sf ;fy} P]ltxfl;s ;Eotfx¿, 

g]kfn /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;qmd, 

cflbaf;L / cfk|jf;Lsf] a;fOÙ 

zf;s, pTkLl8t ju{, pTkL8ssf] 

ljZn]if0fÙ /fhg}lts kl/jt{g / 

k'FhLafbL kl/jt{gsf] ;ª\qmd0fsf] 

;+:s[lt / k|ultzLn ;+:s[lt 

cflbsf af/]df cWoog x'g'kg]{ ljifo 

b]vfkb{5g\ . 

r= /fhg}lts kl/jt{g / at{dfg 

cj:yf 

kl5Nnf /fhg}lts kl/jt{gaf6 

b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts If]qdf 

k/]sf k|efjx¿ o; k|sf/sf b]lvG5g\ M 

!= @)^@÷^# sf] /fhg}lts kl/at{gn] 

k'FhLjfbL÷hgjfbL qmflGt >dhLjL / 

a'h'{jf ju{sf] ;xsfo{af6 ;DkGg ePkl5 

b]zsf] kl/b[Zodf km/s jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf 

ePsf] 5 . -;xdlt÷;xof]u÷;xsfo{_ 

@= ;fdGtjfbaf6 b]z k'FhLjfbdf k|j]z 

u/]sf] 5 tfklg ;fdGtjfbsf ;f+:s[lts– 

;fdflhs cjz]ifx¿ sfod} 5g\ . tL 

cjz]ifx¿df – 

dlxnfdfly lje]b, pTkL8g 

/ lx+;fsf] ¿kdf af]S;Lk|yf, 

bfOhf]k|yf, afn ljjfx gx6]sf] . 

blntdfly 5'jf5'thGo lje]b, 

lx+;f / pTkL8gdf sdL gePsf] . 

sfg'gL¿kdf sd}ofk|yf 

cGTosf] 3f]if0ff ul/P tfklg 

sd}of, sdn/Lk|yf, aFw\'jf dhb'/L 

/ xlnof >dzf]if0f aGb gePsf] . 

goFf lsl;dn] a9\g yfn]sf] 

wfld{s lqmofsnfk, cGwljZjf; 

/ ?l9jfbdf sdL gePsf] . 

pQ/ cfw'lgsstfjfb, Hofs 

8]l/8fjfbsf] ljlgdf{0fjfbL 

bz{gsf] k|efjdf If]lqotfjfb, 

gZnjfb, hfltjfb, klxrfgsf] 

gfddf cGw/fi6«jfb, cGwwfld{s 

;ª\s'rg / ljv08gafbsf] /f]u 

b]zdf b]vfkg{yfn]sf] 5 . 

;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] 

:yfkgf ePsf] 5 . a'h'{jf ju{;Fu 

k|ltikwf{df pq]/ >]i7tf xfl;n ub}{ 

>dhLjL ju{kIfLo /fHo agfpg, 

;fdflhs cfly{s ¿kdfGt/0f 

u/L cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ub}{ 

hgjfbL Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfb}{, 

;dfhjfbL lbzf cjnDag ug]{ 

cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . 

/flzkmn, a9\bf] Hof]ltifL– 

Jofkf/nufotsf] k/Dk/fut 

;f+:s[lts h8tf sfod} /x]sf] 

5 . 

o'jf a]/f]huf/Ln] ubf{ nfvfF}sf] 

;ª\Vofdf o'jfx¿ lab]l;g afWo 

5g\ . 

ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf 

hg;ª\VofnfO{ p7fpg ;lsPsf] 

5}g . 

5= qmflGtdf ;+:s[ltsf] e"ldsf 

!=k|ultzLn pTkfbs zlQm / 

oyfl:yltjfbL pTkfbg;DaGwsf 

41÷zAb–;+of]hg

lardf cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;[hgf x'G5 . 

To;}af6 qmflGtsf] k|lqmof ;'? x'G5 . o:tf 

kl/jt{gdf cfly{s ;DjGwn] lg0f{ofs 

e"ldsf v]N5 . 

@=;+:s[ltn] klg ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] 

ultnfO{ ;s/fTds of gsf/fTds lbzf 

lbg;S5 . 

o o;n] kl/jt{gsf] ultnfO{ lta| jf 

dGb kf5{ . 

o kl/jt{gdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf 

km/flsnf] jf ;fFu'/f] kfg{ klg 

o;n] e"ldsf v]N5 . 

#= ;+:s[ltsf] klg juLo cfwf/ x'G5 . 

ju{kIfw/ x'G5 . 

) ju{ lg/k]If ;+:s[lt eGg' jf 

lgjuL{o ;+:s[lttkm{ k|j]z ug'{ 

eg]sf] lglZrt ju{sf] kIfdf nfUg' 

xf] . 

= ) ;Qfwf/L ju{sf] ;+:s[lt g} To; 

;dfhsf] ;Qfwf/L ;+:s[lt x'G5 . 

$= ;Qfdf /x]sf] ju{n] cfk"mnfO{ ;dfhsf 

;a} txsf lxtsf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf, 

ltgLx¿sf efjgfsf] ;ªs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] 

¿kdf e|ldt kfg]{ k|of; u5{ / o;f] 

u/]/ p;n] cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ l;ªu} 

;dfhsf] ;+:s[ltsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ 

k|oTg u5{ . ;f+:s[lts jr{Zj sfod 

u5{ . -u|fD;L_ 

h= k|ultzLn ;+:s[lt 

!= >dlhjL -u/L vfg]_ ju{n] ;dfhsf] 

a[xQ/ ;d'bfosf] lxtdf -kIfdf_ 

k|ltlglwTj u5{ . cyf{t\ ax';ª\Vos 

hgtfx¿ o;df k5{g\ / ltgLx¿n] To; 

ar{Zjsf] ljsNk v8f ug{;Sg'kb{5 . 

@= gofF ju{ ha cfk"meGbf klxn] zf;g 

ug]{ ju{sf] 7fpFdf k'U5, To;n] cfˆgf] 

p2]Zo k"/f ug{ cfˆgf lxtx¿nfO{ 

;dfhsf c¿ ;a} ;b:osf lxtsf ¿kdf 

k|:t't ug{ afWo x'G5 . 

#=p;n] cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ ;fj{ef}lds 

¿k lbg'k5{ / tL larf/x¿ dfq} plrt / 

;fj{fef}ls¿kn] a}w x'g\ eGg] b]vfpF5 . 

$= s|flGtdf ;+nUg /x]sf] ju{ ;'?b]lv g} 

Pp6f ju{sf] ¿kdf xf]Og, a? k"/} ;dfh tyf 

ju{sf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf, Pp6f zf;s 

ju{sf] lj?4 ;dfhsf] k"/} hg;d'bfosf] 

¿kdf b]vfk5{ . -dfS;{÷Pª\u]u]N;_ 

%= lg/Gt/ ultzLn ;+:s[lt 

k|s[lt;Fusf] ;ª\3if{ . 

ju{;ª\3if{ . 

larf/wf/fTds ;ª\3if{df 

dflg;sf] hLjgdf cfpg] 

kl/jt{g . 

p;n] k|of]u ug]{ cf}hf/ / k|ljlwsf] 

-kl/i6Ls/0f_ kl/dfh{g . 

;fdflhs ;DaGwdf 

cfpg] km]/abnn] p;sf] 

lrGtghut\df kfg]{ k|efjsf] 

kl/0ffd:j¿k ;f+:s[lts lrGtg, 

d"No, dfGotf / ;Dkbfx¿df klg 

lg/Gt/ kl/jt{g cfO/x]sf] x'G5 . 

;+:s[ltnfO{ lg/Gt/ ultzLn 

k|ju{sf] ¿kdf cWoog ug'{ / 

a'e\mg' cfjZos 5 . 

zAb–;+of]hg÷42

em= ;f+:s[lts If]qdf ul/g'kg]{ 

sfo{x¿ 

‣P]ltxfl;s c;n k/Dk/fsf] /Iff 

/ unt k/Dk/fsf] kl/Tofu ug]{ . 

‣ljZjsf cGo /fi6«x¿sf c;n 

;+:s[ltaf6 kf7 l;Sg] / unt 

ljs[t ;+:s[ltsf] tl/sf kl/Tofu 

ug]{ . 

‣/fli6«o Pstfsf] ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f 

o ;ª\qmd0f sfnv08df hftLo, 

If]qLo, ;f+:s[lts cltjfb, ljå]if / 

ljt[i0ffnfO{ Go"g kfg]{ . 

o ;femf /fli6«o klxrfgnfO{ ;an kfg]{ . 

o ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts 

;dfhdf …;lxi0f'tf, ;xcl:tTj 

/ ;b\efjgfdfly cfwfl/t goFf 

;+:s[ltsf] lrGtgÚn] /fi6«nfO{ 

Pstfa4 kf5{ . To;sf] cledfgnfO{ 

s[ofzLn kf/]/ a9fpg] . /fli6«o 

efjgfo'Qm nf]stflGqs, dfgjtfjfbL 

/ ;dfhjfbL cfbz{pGd'v ;+:s[lt 

lgdf{0fdf nfUg] . 

‣hftLo If]qLo /ª\ue]b, wfld{s, 

eflifs e]befjsf] cGTo ug]{ . 

‣lx+:ffnfO{ cfly{s :jfy{k"lt{sf] 

;fwg agfpg] nDk6 ;j{xf/f ;f]r / 

Jojxf/nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ . 

‣;f+:s[lts ;fd|fHojfbsf] k|ltsf/ 

ug]{ . 

‣;fdGtL Joj:yf sfod ug{ agfOPsf 

;+:s[ltdf kl/jt{g NofP/ ;fdflhs 

¿kfGt/0f ug]{ / ;d[4 ;dfhsf] 

lgdf{0f ug]{ . 

‣k'FhLjfbsf] xf]Og, k'FhLsf] lgdf{0f 

ug]{ . pTkfbs zflQmnfO{ afwf 

kfg]{ tfgfzfxL ju{nfO{ kG5fpFb} 

cufl8 a9\g] . 

‣pTkfbgk|0ffnLdf cfjZos Joj:yf 

ug]{ . 

o Joj:yfkgk|0ffnL r':t, b'?:t kfg]{ . 

o Gofok|0ffnL ;'49 kfg]{ . 

o zflGt;'/Iffsf] lglZrttf ug]{ . 

-k|Tofe"t_ 

‣/fli6«o :jfwLgtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, 

ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] /Iff cfhsf] 

;f+:s[lts cjwf/0ff xf], nDkf;f/jfbL 

;+:s[ltaf6 hf]lug] cjwf/0ff xf] . 

‣k/dk/fut ;+:sf/, ;+:s[ltdf ;'wf/ 

u/L gofF ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df 

bdgfTds tl/sfn] xf]Og, pTk|]/0ffTds 

lsl;daf6 cleofg yfngL 

ug]{ . ;fdflhs k/Dk/fut rf8af8, 

lrqsnf, d"lt{snf, efiffsnf, 

;fdflhs k|aGwsnf, Psn 

-Go'lSno/_ kl/jf/ / ;+o'Qm -HjfOG6_ 

kl/jf/ ;+:s[ltdf ;'wf/ ug]{ . 

af]nLdf ef}ltsjfbL ;f]r / Aoaxf/df 

cfWoflTdsjfbL x'g' kfv08Lkg xf] . 

‣bz{gnfO{ syf agfP/ hgtfnfO{ e|d 

kfg]{ h:t} kfgL kfg]{ afbnnfO{ OGb|, 

ah| / P]/fjlt xfQLdf ;jf/ ePsf] 

eg]/ e|d lbg] ;+:s[lt unt xf] eg]/ 

kl/Tofu ug]{ . 

‣dfgjhfltsf] nflu ;'v, zflGt / 

;d[l4sf] ;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ ;f+:s[lt 

gLlt nfu" ug]{ . 

43÷zAb–;+of]hg

o ;fdflhs Pstfsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ 

a9fpg] . 

o ;fdflhs Pstf vnaNofpg], 

lx+;f å]if km}nfpg] ;+:s[lt xf]Og 

;fdGh:otf / ;dfgtfsf] ;+:s[lt 

cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . 

‣cfˆgf] ePsf] c;n ;+:s[ltnfO{ 

lj:yflkt u/]/ cfofltt ;+:s[ltnfO{ 

:yflkt ug'{ unt xf] . k/Dk/fut >]i7 

-c;n_ ;+:s[ltsf] k|a4{g ug'{k5{ / 

unt k/Dk/fsf] lj36g ug'{kb{5 . 

‣xfd|f] :jtGq ;f]r, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f 

/ lg0f{odf c¿n] x:tIf]k u/]sf]df 

k|ltsf/ ug'{k5{ . To:tf]vfn] x:tIf]k6 

d'Qm kf/]/ xfdL :jfledfgL9ª\uaf6 

cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;df 

nfUg'k5{ . 

`= ;f+:s[lts cleofg / bfloTj 

g]kfndf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 

;f+:s[lts If]qdf klg goFf b[Zox¿ 

b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . ;fdGtL ;+:s[ltsf] 7fpFdf 

k'FhLjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] ;ª\qmd0f ;'? ePsf] 

5 . g]kfndf ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0fsf] 

nflu hgkIfLo ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfx¿ 

lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ 

cfcfˆg} 9ª\uaf6 cleofgdf nfu]sf 

5g\ . hgtfdf k'Ug] hlt w]/} ;+:yfx¿ 

eP Tolt g} w]/} k|ultzLn -hgkIfLo_ 

k|ultjfbL ;f]r, wf/0ff, b[li6sf]0f 

/ Jojxf/ k|tIf jf ck|tIf¿kdf 

hgtf;dIf k'U5, c;/ kf5{, pTk]|/0f u5{ . 

ultnf] glthf k|fKt u5{ . of] g} o;sf] 

;s/fTds kIf xf] . o;sf] glhtf klg 

cjZo hgtfsf]] ;]jfdf k'Ug kmnbfoL 

x'G5 . ;f+:s[lts cleofgn] ;Dk"0f{ 

;dfh, d'n'ssf] cj:yfdf ¿kfGt/0f 

ug{ cyf{t\ ;d[4 ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f / 

ljsf; ug{ ;3fpF5 . ;a}eGbf k|d'v s'/f 

b[li6sf]0f xf], Jojxf/ xf] . of] cleofg 

hgkIfLo 5 jf 5}g < o;n] hgtfsf] 

;]jf u5{ ls ub}{g < eGg] s'/f b[li6sf]0f / 

Joxf/df e/ k5{ . hglj/f]wL b[li6sf]0fn] 

hgtfsf] ;]jf / ¿kfGt/0f x'g;Sb}g . 

xfdLn] hgtfsf] kIfdf pleg'k5{ / ;]jfdf 

h'6\g'k5{ ta dfq ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0fdf 

nfUg;S5f}F . 

¿kfGt/0f cleofgsf cleoGtfn] 

otflt/ ls ptflt/ eGg] e|ddf kg'{x'Fb}g . 

:ki6 x'g} k5{ . To;}n] k|ultjfbL slj 

Zofdk|;fb eGg'x'G5 – 

…ljjztf / afWotfsf] tfFtL b]vfO{ 

cfˆgf] b'a{ntf n'sfpg vf]Hg] P ;fyL 

ltdLn] nfv ;kmfO lbP klg d]/f] dg 

k|efljt x'g ;Sb}g . 

nfdf] uGyg lems]/ 

dnfO{ gcNdNofpm ;fyL Û 

;f/} 5f]6s/Ldf elgxfn– 

…o; Gofoo'4df ltdL stfk6\l6 5f}

sljtf 

s:tf] ldqtf < 

d's'Gb kf]v/]n 

d]/f] Pp6f ldqn] 

3lgi7tf ufF:g 

/;dfw'/Lsf] :j/ 

r/fsf] ;ª\uLtdf 

u'~hfpg yfNof] . 

d pm;Fusf] ldqtfdf 

9'Ss xF'b} 

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/flqsf] af;, 

pm 5]pdf ;'Tof] 

pmeGbf leq d . 

p;n] 3r]6\b} 

d lgs6jtL{sf] ;'/Do 

kxf8} ;f/f}Fnf em}F u¥of] 

lsg 3r]6]sf] ldq < eGbf 

e"sDk cfof] ls Û eGof] . 

To:t} d dflylt/ hfFbf 

RofKk s7fnf] ;dfpFb} 

lsg l56f] < eG5 

tnlt/ cf]ln+{Fbf 

ws]Nb} lsg l9nf] < eG5 . 

/f]6L a]6Lsf] dfq lsg < 

dfgjLotf, cGt/{fli6«o sfg'g, 

d"NodfGotf 

clg vf]O{ t 

;fj{ef}ldstfsf s'/f < 

xg'dfg ;]gf dl:tis 

x'F8f/dgsf] 

Tof] s:tf] ldq < 

s:tf] ldqtf xf] < 

p;nfO{ d 

ofqLn] a; h:t} 

km]g{ t ;lSbg 

pm d]/f] l5d]sL xf] . 

t}klg d eG5' 

nx} ldq Û 

lbpF;} /ftkfb{} 

gfsfdf kmnfd] 

9f]sf y'Gb} 

eLidlktfdxemF} 

slt lbg ws]N5f} < 

45÷zAb–;+of]hg


syf 

eljiojf0fL / 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/ 

/fddl0f kf]v/]n 

ltd|L cfdf lat]sf] tLg dlxgfdf ltdL klg cfdfsf] kl5 

nfU5f} . vfg dg nfUof s'/f clxn]} vfg" . nf]e gu/, 

5f]/f afns 5g\ eGg kfpFb}gf} . 

b' 

u{d ufpFsf] Pp6f 

s'gfdf nfkmL 

;'g'jf/sf] 3/ 

lyof] . pgsf] 

ufpFk"j{ ;fgf] lt/lt/] kfgL 

aUg] ;fgf] gbL lyof] . 

a8x/] vf]nf eGby] . To; 

vf]nfsf lsgf/df lyP 

;'g'jf/ hfltsf b;–kGb| 

3/ w'/L . ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg lyP, tL 

;a} 3/ w'/Lx¿ . To} vf]nfs} gfdaf6 

k'sfl/GYof], Tof] ufpFnfO{ –a8x/] ufpF 

eg]/ . w]/} jif{ klxnfb]lv ;'g'jf/x¿ 

of] ufpFdf cfP/ a;]sf lyP . k'/fgf] 

afl;Gbf ulgGy] ltgLx¿ . 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/sf 5f]/f5f]/L nf6f 

lyP . rt'/] ;'g'jf/ ;f]emf] lg/If/L 

JolQm lyof] . nfkmL / rt'/]sf] hf]8L 

Hofb} ldn]sf] 5 eGby] Tof] ufpFsf 

afl;Gbfx¿ . xf]rf] sbsf] df]6f] JolQm 

lyof] rt'/] ;'g'jf/ . p;sf] cg'xf/df 

kftnf sfnf bf/L xlNNf/x]sf x'Gy], 

;dodf bf/L sf6\g EofpFb}g lyof], of 

t hfFu/ lyPg . p;sf xftdf laF8Lsf] 

7'6f] Ps gf;n] yfldPsf] x'GYof] . 

k'm:; km':; laF8Lsf] w'Fjf 5fl8/xGYof] 

rt'/] . eftL hfF8sf] cDdnL lyof] pm .

s6f/L ofnfxfgsf] ef/L af]Sg dfkfsf] 

lyof] . ef/L af]Sg] sfd gkbf{ 3/df 

a:tf s/d sf7sf ;fgf sf7]lk/f sf7 

nf5]/ of s'Fb]/ csf{] ufpFdf ljqmL ug{ 

nfg] ub{lyof] . lgs} kl/>dL JolQm 

lyof] pm, xft vfnL slxNo} ga:g] 

agfpFYof] k'm;{bdf . 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/ 3/df eftL hfF8 

ksfpFyL . af6f] lx8\g] JolQmx¿ / 

dflyNnf] 6f]nsf ufpFn]x¿ nfkmLsf] 

3/df cfP/ hfF8 lkpFg] ub{y] . lbgx'F 

h:tf] dfbskbfy{ ;]jg ug{ cfpg]x¿sf] 

tfFtL nfUbYof] . dfbskbfy{ ;]jgug{ 

cfPsf sf]xL sf]xL abdf; / pQfpnf 

JolQmx¿ nfkmLsL 5f]/L, nf6L eP 

klg z/L/sf] ;+j]bgzLn cª\u 5'g], 

b'Jo{jxf/ ug{] h:tf sfo{ ug{ kl5 kb{}g 

lyP . nf6LnfO{ Ps ?k}ofFsf] 9\ofs 

xftdf ydfOlbof] eg] nf6L z/L/sf 

h'g;'s} cª\u 5fDbf ;'d;'DofpFbf klg 

cfgGb dfg]/ xfF;L /xGyL, bfFofafFof 

sQ} gx]/L ple/xGyL . 3/glhs} 

s]/fsf] 3f/L lyof] . ToxLF nu]/ pleg 

eGby], o'jfx¿ nf6LnfO{ clg pm 

pleg tof/ x'GyL . p;sf] pd]/ To:t} 

lt;glhs lyof] . nf6Lsf] z/L/ :Kfz{ 

u/]/ /dfpFg]x¿ ljj]sL x'g\ of cljj]sL 

x'g\ 5'6\ofpg uf/f] x'GYof] . ;fob ljk/Lt 

lnª\usf] cfsif{0f xf]nf . dfgjLo 

sdhf]/L eGbf klg x'g] . dfbskbfy{df 

nl6\7Pkl5 dflg; h:tf] unt sfd 

ug{ klg tof/ x'G5 . nf6L cljjflxt 

lyO{ . rt'/]sf] 5f]/f] nf6]sf] sfddf s'g} 

e/ lyPg . ef/L af]Sg] / v]t of af/Ldf 

uf]? nu]/ gfl/lbPkl5 Psf]xf]/f] eP/ 

5Ssfn j]nf;Dd hf]lt/xGYof] . p;sf] 

z/L/nfO{ 3fdsf ls/0fn] kf]n]sf], 

z/L/ kl;gfn] lgy|'Ss leh]sf] kQf] 

kfpFb}gYof] . uf]? 3fdsf sf/0f ws]sf], 

¥ofn l;Fufg ePsf] d]nf] kfpFb}gYof] . 

rt'/] / nfkmL 3/d'lgsf s]/fsf 

la?jf /fd|/L uf]8d]n ub{y] . xftvfnL 

a:t}gy] . s]/f ljleGg k|sf/sf lyP . 

emk|L, dr{dfg, d'ª\u|], dfnef]u cflb 

k|To]s dlxgf tLg of rf/ 3/L s]/f 

kfs]s} x'Gy] . kfs]sf s]/f ;f]nLdf 

xfn]/ b'/b/fhsf ufpF;Dd laqmLsf 

nflu k'UblYfg\ nfkmL . s]/f laqmL 

ug{hfFbf k'u]sf k|To]s 3/kl/jf/sf 

;b:osf xft x]/]/ eljiojf0fL klg 

ub{lyg\ pgL . 

3/sf a'9fa'9L, 5f]/f5f]/L, a'xf/L, 

gfltgfltgf k|To]ssf xft x]/]/ 

ljut, jt{dfg / eljio atfFplyg\ . 

ufpF lxF8\bf 3'Dbf af6f]df e]6 ePsf 

hf]sf]xL JolQmnfO{ dfdf, dfOh", xh'/af, 

xh'/cfdf gftf nufpg] ub{lyg\ . l/; 

p7\bf h]7f, dfOnf s] vfnf] ;f5f{} 

47÷zAb–;+of]hg

cflb zAbx¿ pgsf k]jfdfOtLaf6} 

NofPsL cyjf hGd} l;s]sf 

zAb lyP . l/; p7\bf xft agfP/ 

b]vfpg] :jefj klg lyof] . ufpFdf 

pgnfO{ ;fOd'Gb|LljBf of OGb|hfn 

k9]sL 5 eGby] . xft x]g{] qmddf w]/} 

JolQmnfO{ pgLx¿n] ef]u]sf ljj/0faf/] 

efFhk'¥ofP/ eGblyg\ . xft x]/fpg]x¿ 

jfNn k/]/ pgnfO{ x]b{y] . /dfP/ j9L 

s'/f cf]snf];\ eg]/ xf}:ofpFy] . 

v8\sf 6f]nsL dtfg] h]7L, cfd} 

/ d'lvof dfOnfnfO{ 7\ofSs} pgn] 

eg]s} lbg sfnn] l6k]/ nUof] . sfnsf] 

sfof{no s}No} aGb x'Fb}g eg]/ eGblyg\ 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/ Û ufpFsf j'9fkfsf 

JolQmnfO{ hlt efO 5f]/f hGdfPsf 

eP klg dg{] j]nfdf ltdLnfO{ s'g} 

5f]/fn] e]6\b}gg\ bfuaQL lbg t tLg 

k':tfleqsf] elthf] g} cl3 ;g{k5{ 

eGb} xfF;L xfF;L elglbg] pgsf]] afgL 

lyof] . ufpFsf nId0fHo"nfO{ nfkmLn] 

xft x]/]/ eg]sL lyOg\ . afp;fx]j, … 

ltdLnfO{ t tNnf] hftsL dlxnf;Fu 

n;k; u/]sf] aft nfu]sf] /x]5 . ltdL 

hf]luP5f}, wGo efUodfgL /x]5f} . gq 

hdgfcg';f/ ltdL sfl8g ;SYof} .Ú 

ufpFsf ljjfx x'g] pd]/ ePsf 

o'jtLx¿nfO{ eGg] ub{lyg\, …tF df]/Lsf] 

kf]O t k"j{ lbzfaf6 cfpF5 .Ú csL{{nfO{ 


eGblyg\, …t]/f] s]6f t blIf0faf6 

cfpF5 .Ú To;} klg pgsf] eljioaf0fL 

w]/} JolQmdf nfu" x'g] ub{Yof] . 

kfOl/ofn] e]6]sf kxF]nf bfFt 

lvl;Ss b]vfP/ ufpFsf s'g} o'jtLsf] 

xft ;dft]/ d':s'/fpFb} pgL eGg] 

ub{lyg\, …ltdL t tLg kf]On];Dd 

x'G5\of}, ltdLnfO{ cfˆg} b]j/;Fu aft 

nfU5, To} lgx'F agfP/ kf]On] 5f8\5 .Ú 

csL{ ufpFn] o'jtLnfO{ lvTsf 5f]8]/ 

xfF:t} eGblyg\, …ltd|f] xftdf ;'v};'v 

n]v]sf] 5, ltdLnfO{ t l/; g} p7\b}g . 

s/n] jf /x/n] ltdL t cs{} kf]O vf]h]/ 

lxF8\5\of} . bf];|f] kf]Olt/sf ;Gtfg t 

3/el/ x'G5g\Ú eGb} k]6 ldrL ldrL 

xfF:g] ub{lyg\ . c¿nfO{ xF;fpFlyg\ . 

ufpFsf] ljBfnodf k9fpg] Ps 

hgf lzIfs lyP –r]taxfb'/ gfdsf 

JolQm . tL JolQm dfG5] la/fdL 

k/]sf] 3/df hfg 8/fpFy] . dfG5] dbf{ 

dnfdL hfg 8/fpFy] . Psf]xf]/f] zª\v 

km's]sf] cfafh sfgdf kg{]lalQs} 

pgsf] xf]; u'd x'GYof] . dfG5]x¿;Fu 

s'/f ug{] qmddf pgL cfˆgf] xft lk7\ 

o'Fk5fl8 nu]/ em6\sf lbP/ bf}/fsf] 

km]/ tflg/xGy] . tL r]taxfb'/nfO{ Ps 

sf];f] s]/f vfglbP/ nfkmL ;'g'jf/n] 

pgsf] xft x]b{} eg]sL lyOg\, …ltd|L 

cfdf lat]sf] tLg dlxgfdf ltdL klg

cfdfsf] kl5 nfU5f} . vfg dg nfUof 

s'/f clxn]} vfg" . nf]e gu/, 5f]/f 

afns 5g\ eGg kfpFb}gf}Ú eg]/ lvTsf 

5f8]/ xfF;]sL lyOg\ . 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/n] eg]sf] of] egfO 

jf:tjdf Tof] kl/jf/sf nflu 

eljiojf0fL g} ePsf] lyof] . nfkmL 

;'g'jf/n] eg]sf] tLg dlxgfkl5 h]7L 

a'9L /0fdfofsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . 

To;sf] l7s tLg dlxgf k'Ug b'O{ lbg 

afFsL /xFbf r]taxfb'/n] o; wtL{af6 

labf lnPsf lyP . Tof] lbg wtL{ g} 

cFWof/f] eof] . ;"o{ b]jtfn] cfˆgf] 

ls/0f k[YjLnfO{ lbg} ;s]gg\ Û ufpFsf 

dlxnfx¿ nfkmL ;'g'jf/nfO{ eGg] ub{y], 

…efGhL Û ltdL t c¿sf] eljiojf0fL ub{} 

lxF8\5\of}, ltd|f] hLjgsf] eljiojf0fL 

klg ;'gfpmF g t Û xfdL klg ;'gfF} . tL 

ufpFn] dlxnfx¿sf s'/f ;'g]/ nfkmL 

;'g'jf/ lvlttL xfF:blyg\ / cfˆg} xft 

k;f/]/ b]vfpFblyg\ clg eGblyg\, …nf} 

x]/ df]/L xf], d d]/f] kf]O rt'/] / nf6L 

5f]/L t Ps};fy, Ps}k6s, xfdL :ju{ 

hfG5f}F . xfdLnfO{ lng OGb| eujfgn] 

7'nf] cfFwL a]x/L / kfgLsf] jiff{ u/fP/ 

nfG5g\ . ltdLx¿n] t b'O{ lbgkl5 yfxf 

dfq kfpF5f}Ú eg]/ unNf xfF:tlyg\ . 

ky] gfdsL Ps hgf ufpFn] 

dlxnfn] ;f]w]sL lyOg\, …To:tf OGb| 

eujfg l/;fP/ ltdLnfO{ lng slxn] 

dfG5] k7fpF5g\ t

;'g'jf/n] u]/sf] eljiojf0fLdf klg k/s 

k/]sf] b]lvPg . g]kfnL k':ts jfrg 

ug{g;Sg] Pp6L u|fdL0f dlxnfnfO{ of] 

xft x]g{] eljiojf0L ug{] zlQm jf Ifdtf 

s;n] s;/L lbof] xf]nf < s'g tTTjaf6 

kfOg\ xf]nf eg]/ ufpFsf dlxnfx¿ k|Zg 

;f]Wgdf v'nb'nL ub{y] . s] b}jLzlQm 

5 t < 

Olb nfkmL ;'g'jf/ h:tf dlxnfdf 

o:tf] cbe't Ifdtf 5 jf x'guof] 

eg] To} ;'g'jf/ kl/jf/sf cGo dlxnf 

k'?ifdf lsg To:tf] 1fg k|fKt ePg < 

1fgsf] s'/f 5f8f}F ;fdfGo af]nLrfnLdf 

klg bIftf k|fKt lyPg . emG8} Tof] ufpF 

;a} ;'g'jf/sf] ;fgf] s'/lnSs ufF8 

x'GYof] . tf]t] af]nL af]Nby] . cfdf 

eljiojf0fL ul/lx8\blyg\ t/ 5f]/L / 

5f]/f nf6f lyP . pgsf] 3/af6 s6f/L 

ahf/ g'g d6\l6t]n lng hfFbf af6f]df 

ysfO dfbf{ e]6ePsf dlxnf k'?ifsf] 

/ af; a;]sf 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] 

klg xft x]/]/ eljiojf0fL ub{lyg\ 

nfkmL Û ahf/df uf]8f k;f/]/ j:b} af6f] 

lxF8\g]sf] xft ;dfP/ x]b{lyg\ . log} 

nfkmL ;'g'jf/sf] %# jif{sf] pd]/df 

klx/f]n] k'l/P/ d[To' eof] cyf{t\ pgn] 

of] ;+;f/ 5fl8g\\ . clxn] klg ufpF 3/df 

tL nfkmL ;'g'jf/sf] rrf{ eO/xG5 . 

sljtf 

cfwf/e"t 

cfjZostf / 

xfd|f] 

uGtJo 

dw'z"bg kf}8]n } ] 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostf 

k|;jsfnsf] sx/ vfP/ 

gjhft lzz' k|fKt ug]{ /x/ ePsL 

Pp6L k|;jGtLsf] j]r}gL h:t} 

ul/aL / pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm eP/ 

dgf]jfl~5t hLjgj[lQsf nflu ;ª\3if{/t 

Ps ljjz dfG5]sf] Aofs'ntf xf] . 

dfG5]sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf 

clt ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 

hlt j]nf klg v8\lsg ;S5 

Tof] lgs} lj:kmf]6s klg x'G5 

cgk]lIft ;dodf k8\lsg ;S5 

To;sf] kl/k"lt{ Tolt sl7g 5}g 

tf ls ;f/f a|Xdf08 wfpg' k/f];\ 

To;sf] kl/k"lt{ Tolt ;/n klg 5}g 

tf ls 8n/sf] k|jfxn] ;dfwfg u/f];\ 

a? cfk"m cfk}Fm h:t} eP/ cl8g] :jledfg xf] 

cfˆg} jf:tljs :j¿ksf] klxrfg xf] . 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] dd{ 

;'gsf l;Ssfaf6 eGbf 

zAb–;+of]hg÷50

g'gsf l9sfaf6 a'‰g ;lsG5 / 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] :j¿k 

lah'nLsf] lemnldndf eGbf 

h'gls/Lsf] lknlkndf b]Vg ;lsG5 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] k"lt{ 

a]/f]huf/n] kfPsf] sfd h:tf] x'G5 

>ldsn] Hofnfdf kfPsf] bfd h:tf] x'G5 

df3 dlxgfsf] laxfgLsf] l;/]6f]kl5 

r/Ss nfu]sf] 3fd h:t} x'G5 . 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostf klxrfg ug{ 

df]6/ / xjfOhxfhaf6 eGbf 

uf]/]6f / uN5+F]8faf6 ofqf to ug'{k5{ 

df;' / eftsf] kl/sf/n] eGbf 

u'Gb|'s / cfF6f]n] k]6 eg'{k5{ 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{sf nflu 

xfdLn] cfˆgf] df6f] lrGg ;Sg'k5{ 

xfdLn] cfˆgf] af6f] lxF8\g ;Sg'k5{ 

xfdL cfk}Fm xf];L x'g'k5{ 

efUonfO{ bf]ifL 7fGg'x'Gg 

cfˆgf] x}l;otdf l6Sg ;Sg'k5{ 

k|s[lthut\sf hLjhGt' / jg:kltx¿af6 

afFRg]snf l;Sg ;Sg'k5{ 

gq eg] xfd|f] b]zsf] e"uf]ndf 

s;/L 9sdSs k'mNg ;Sy] 

cK7]/f kxf8df nfnL u'/fF;x¿ Û 

/ s;/L nx nx e'mNg ;Sy] 

a];Lsf 9'ª\u]au/x¿df xl/of sfF;x¿ Û 

cfwf/e"t cfjZostf 

;du| /fi6«sf] klg x'G5 

cfh b]znfO{ 7'nf] tf]8 k/]sf] 5 

cl3lNt/ / kl5lNt/ vt/fsf] df]8 k/]sf] 5 

c3f]lift / cd"t{ o'4 rln/x]sf] 5 

b]z /fhgLltsf] 89]nf]n] hln/x]sf] 5 

ca t of] clt eof] xfd|f] 7'nf] Iflt eof] 

cj b]zn] rL/ zflGt vf]lhx]sf] 5 . 

cfhsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] – 

ca k|To]s /fi6«jLhn] 

b]z arfpg] ;ª\sNk lng'k5{ / 

g]kfnL dfqsf] ;xcl:tTjsf nflu 

dgf]ut, hftLo / If]qLo efjgfnfO{ 

x[bob]lv ltnf~hnL lbg'k5{ . 

df6f]sf] dfofF g]kfnL x'g'sf] ;f/ xf] 

/fli6«o Pstf, ;xcl:tTjsf] cfwf/ xf] . 

51÷zAb–;+of]hg


zLtn lu/L 

g]kfn rf/ hft 5lQ; j0f{sf] ;f´f 

km"naf/L xf] . of] /fi6« lgdf{tf k[YjLgf/fo0f 

zfxsf] lbJo pkb]z xf] . g]kfndf ljleGg 

hghfltx¿ 5g\ . ljleGg hghfltx¿sf] 

hGdynf] g]kfn xf] / oxfF hghfltsf] 

a;f]jf; 5 . b]zsf] lxdfnL k|b]zdf 

hghflt 5g\ . kxf8L k|b]z hghfltsf] 

hGdynf] xf] . t/fO{ e]udf hghflt 

a;f]jf; u5{g\ . hghgltsf cfcfˆg} 

k|sf/sf /Lltl/jfh 5g\ . e]ife"iff / njfO 

vjfO klg cfcfˆg} 5g\ . rfnrng klg 

km/s km/s 5g\ . ljleGg ;Dk|bfosf 

JolQmx¿n] a;f]jf; u/]sf] tyf 

cfcfˆg} k|sf/sf] ljzf]iftf kfOG5 t/ 

klg logLx¿sf] Pscfk;df Hofb} g} d]n 

/x]sf] 5 . Psn] csf{nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf 

OHht ub{5g\ . Ps csf{sf] h'g;'s} 

s[ofsnfknfO{ klg 3[0ffsf] b[li6n] x]g]{ 

ub}{gg\ . c´ egf}F o:tf ;a} hghfltx¿ 

ldn]/ ;lqmo¿kdf b]zljsf;df 

dxTTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . 

o:t} ljleGg hflt a:5g\ g]kfndf . 

xfd|f] b]zsf] s]xL efudf hghglt a:5g\ . 

hflt kl/ro 

r]kfª 

;f]´f / kL5l8Psf hfltx¿ klg 5g\ . 

g]kfndf 5'6\6} ¿kdf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf 

y'k|} hflt 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] Pp6f 

hflt xf] r]kfª . o; hfltsf] cfˆg} 

k|sf/sf] cl:tTj 5 . r]kfª hfltsf] 

cfˆg} ljz]iftf 5 . ;fy} cfˆg} k|sf/sf] 

/xg;xg 5 . r]kfª ;f]´f] / kL5l8Psf] 

hflt xf] . pgLx¿sf] pTklQ, efiff, wd{, 

k];f tyf /xg;xgsf] af/]df oxfF rrf{ ug]{ 

k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . 

ltAjt]nL kl/jf/af6 g]kfn lelqPsf 

kl/jf/ x'g\ r]kfª . ls/ftL xfFufaf6 cnu 

/x]sf hflt x'g\ r]kfª . r]kfª hfltnfO{ … 

k|hfÚ / …;'gk|hfÚu/L b'O{ efudf ljefhg 

ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ …k|hfÚnfO{ 

k's'GynL / …;'gk|hfÚnfO{ s5f/] eGg] 

ul/G5 . ljz]if u/L s';'G8fnfO{ klg o;} 

vnssf] dflgPsf] 5 t/ af]qmfsf] n'uf 

nufO{ wg' af]s]/ hª\undf l;sf/ v]Ng] 

ePsfn] o:tf s';'G8fsf] gfd lng]lalQs} 

r]kfªx¿ 8/fpg] ubf{ /x]5g\ t/ lxhf]cfh 

eg] s';'G8fx¿ k"0f{¿kn] nf]k eO;s]sf] 

dflgG5 . r]kfª hfltx¿sf] a;f]jf; eg] 

wflbªb]lv blIf0f, lrtjgsf] pQ/L v08 

tyf dxfef/tsf hª\un j/k/ k|z:t}} 

dfqfdf e]l6Psf] 5 . of]afx]s gjnk/ 

f;Lsf] pQ/L e]u / uf]vf{ lhNnfdf klg 

pgLx¿sf] a;f]jf; 5 . cfkm" hlxn] klg 

5'6\6} ;dfhdf / ljz]if u/L hª\unL If]qdf

a;f]jf; ug]{ ePsf] x'Fbf ;fob logLx¿ 

kL5l8Fb} uPsf] cg'dfg nufpg;lsG5 . 

r]kfª hfltsf] hLjgrof{ / ;fdflhs 

dfGotfx¿ pb]snfUbf] kfOG5 . r]kfª 

hfltsf] s'n hg;ª\Vof Ps nfvsf] 

xf/fxf/Ldf dfq 5 . ;fdfGo ´'k8L 

of 9'ª\ufsf] cf]9f/nfO{ af;:yfgsf] 

¿kdf k|of]u u5{g\ . logLx¿sf] d'Vo 

ef]hg hª\unL sGbd"n g} xf] . xf]rf] 

sb, ;/n klx/g, l;bf;fbf Jojxf/ ug]{ 

u5{g\ . PsfGtlk|o :jefj, zfGt ldhf; 

of] hghfltsf] hftLo ljz]iftf xf] 

eg] clzIff / ul/aLdf lklN;/xg' 

ljBdfg;Ddsf] lj8Dagf xf] . 

hª\unj/k/ 6f9f 6f9f 5l/P/ /x]sf 

x'G5g\ r]kfª a:tL . r]kfªx¿ ;+o'Qm 

kl/jf/df a:g ¿rfpFb5g\ . ?vsf ljleGg 

:ofpnf, xfFuf, 8fF8fef6f, yfsnsf 

la¿jfx¿af6 e'OFtn] 5fk|f] agfO{ logLx¿ 

hLjglgjf{x ub{5g\ . 6f]s/L, df6fsf 

efF8f tyf sf7af6 agfOPsf cGo 

j:t'x¿nfO{ logLx¿ b}lgs¿kdf k|of]u 

ug]{ ub{5g\ . o:tf hfltsf] af]nLarg eg] 

7\ofSs} /fO{ hflt;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'G5 . 

/fO{ hflt / logLx¿sf] efiffnfO{ ltAatL 

vnsaf6 lelqPsf] eg]/ eGg;lsG5 . 

nfh 5f]Kgsf nflu kf6sf sk8f a'g]/ 

nufpF5g\ . r]kfª hflt lgi7f / sd{sf 

k'hf/L x'g\ . bf;k|yf cGTo ePkZrft of] 

hfltsf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L k|hf /flvPsf] 

xf] . k|hfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ /fdsf] 5f]/f nasf] 

;Gtfg eg]/ bfaL u5{g\ . s';'G8fx¿nfO{ 

s'zsf] ;Gtfg eg]/ j+zzq'sf] b[li6n] 

Jojxf/ ub{5g\ . k|hf / s';'G8fsf] st} 

hDsfe]6 eOxfNof] eg] le8Gt klg 

kl/xfN5 . ´6\6 x]bf{ cfo{d"nsf h:tf 

b]lvg] of] hflt cfkm"nfO{ dª\uf]lnog 

ePsf] bfaL ub{5g\ . ¿l9u|:t k|hfhflt 

tGqdGq ljBfdf ljZjf; u5{g\ . 

lxGb" wd{ dfGg] r]kfªx¿ b]jLb]jtfsf 

d7dlGb/df hfFb}gg\ t/ wd{k|lt k|uf9 

cf:yf / ljZjf; ug]{ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ 

cfˆg} k|sf/sf] tflGqs ljlwåf/f lxGb" 

b]jtfsf] k"hfkf7 ub{5g\ . k"hfkf7, 

;+:sf/, la/fdL kbf{ cf]vtLd'nf] 

ubf{v]l/ r]kfª hfltsf kf08] eGg] wfdLn] 

ub{5g\ . kf08]nfO{ kl08t cyf{t\ u'?sf] 

¿kdf dfGb5g\ . 

lxGb" k/Dk/f h:t} b;}F–ltxf/nfO{ 

d'Vokj{ dfGb5g\ . hftLo ljz]if kj{sf] 

¿kdf eg] GjfFuLnfO{ dfGb5g\ . GjfFuL kj{ 

x/]s jif{ efb| dlxgfsf] t];|f] dª\unaf/sf 

lbg kb{5 . lkt[x¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7'nf b]jtf 

dfGb5g\ . k|hfx¿ clgsfn, ;xsfn, 

zs'g–ckzs'gtkm{ v'a lgGbf ub{5g\ . 

cGo hfltx¿eGbf logLx¿sf] j}jflxs 

;+:sf/ eg] Psbd km/s / cgf}7f] 5 . 

r]kfª ;d'bfodf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ 

:s'n k7fpg] / lzlIft agfpg] k/Dk/f 

5}g . cfly{s cj:yf Hofb} bogLo 

5 . hlxn] klg vfg nfpgsf] nflu wf} 

wf} kb{5 of] hfltnfO{ . t;y{ cfˆgf 

5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;fg} pd]/b]lv lu6\7f, 

Eofs'/ h:tf sGbd"n tyf hª\unL 

53÷zAb–;+of]hg

kmnk"mn vf]Hg k7fpg] ul/G5 . ;fFRr} 

g} c¿ hflteGbf jghª\unsf s:tf 

7fpFx¿df lu6\7f, Eofs'/, sGbd"n x'G5g\ 

eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|f] 1fg logLx¿nfO{ x'G5 . 

To;afx]s df5f df5{g\ / lzsf/ v]N5g\ . 

r]kfª hflt cfˆgf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] ;DklQ 

lrp/Lsf] af]6nfO{ 7fGb5g\ . k|To]s w'/Lsf] 

cfcfˆg} lrp/Lsf] af]6 /xg] u/]sf] 5 o; 

hghfltdf . lrp/Lsf] l3p lgsfN5g\ . 

Tof] l3p cGoq 7fpFdf a]r]/ cfˆgf] lgjf{x 

ug]{ ub{5g\ . kz'kfng / v]tLkftLsf] sfd 

r]kfª hfltn] lgs} kl5 dfq ;'? u/]sf] 

xf] . s[lif If]qdf c¿ hflteGbf kl5 /x]sf 

e]l6G5g\ . a]tafF;sf 6f]s/L a'Gg], sf7 

a]Rg], df5f dfg]{, l;sf/ v]Ng] k];fnfO{ 

klxn]b]lv g} cFufNb} cfPsf] kfOG5 t/ 

kl5 x'Fb} uPkl5 hª\un 5]p5fpdf ´f8L 

kmfF8]/ ;v/v08, df;, ds}, sf]bf] tyf 

cfn' klg s]xL dfqfdf nufpg] ug{yfn]sf 

5g\ . 

sf]bf] tyf ds}sf] hfF8 agfpF5g\ . ;'Fu'/ 

/ aª\u'/sf] df;' vfg] rng logLx¿sf] 

5 . /fFuf, e}F;L cflbsf] df;' jif}{el/ 

3/df /fVg dg k/fpF5g\ . oL hfltsf 

k'?ifx¿n] ;'?jfn, O:6sf]6 nufpF5g\ . 

dlxnfx¿ efª\u|f a]g]{ / kmnfdsf uxgf 

nufpg] ub{5g\ . logLx¿ dfbn, 8Dk'm 

/ afF;'/L ahfpg l;kfn' dflgPsf 

5g\ . r]kfª hflt ljz]if rf8kj{df gfRbf 

/]8OlG8ogn] lrnsf] KjfFv nufP/ gfr] 

´}F do'/sf] KjfFvn] l;Fufl/g] ub{5g\ . 

logLx¿sf] rf8kj{nfO{ …rf]gfdÚ elgG5 . 

efb| k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ufpFsf] 


ysfnLsxfF hDdf eO{ gfrufg, ef]het]/ 

cflb u/L rf]gfd rf8 dgfpg] ub{5g\ . 

pd]/ k'u]sf s]6fx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sL 

s]6L d]nf kft, 3fF; bfp/f, kfgLkFw]/f jf 

st} uPsf avt cj;/ 5f]k]/ 6kSs} 

l6k]/ cfˆgf] 3/df NofpF5g\ clg s]6L 

kIf;Fu ljjfxsf] jftf{ ;'? ul/G5 . 

s'/f] gldn];Dd s]6LnfO{ s]6fsf] 3/df 

gh/aGb /flvG5 . cln x'g] vfg] elgg] 

k|hfx¿n] eg] !@÷!# jif{d} dfuL ljjfx 

ub{5g\ . h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ljjfx u/] 

klg of] hghfltsf] lax]df 5f]/LnfO{ 

bfOhf]:j¿k lrp/Lsf] af]6 lbOG5 . 

cfˆgf] 3/jl/kl/ lrp/L /f]k]sf x'G5g\ . 

ljjfxkl5 of] lrp/Lsf] af]6 ltd|f] eof] 

eg]/ ;fd"lxs 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 Tof] af]6sf] 

kmn cfDbfgL ;a} 5f]/Lsf] x'G5 To;df 

c¿sf] xsbfaL nfUb}g . 

c¿ hfltdf h:t} o; hfltdf klg 

hGd, d[To' / ljjfxdf km/s /x]sf] 5 . 

5f]/f hlGdPsf] af/f}F lbgsf] lbg aRrfsf] 

gfd /flvG5 t/ 5f]/L hlGdPdf gfd /fVg] 

sfd ;ftf}F lbgdf ul/G5 . aRrfsf] gfd 

/fVbf 5f]/fnfO{ 3/sf] d'Vo k'?ifn] /fVg] 

ub{5 . 5f]/Lsf] gfd rflxF 3/sL d'Vo 

cfOdfO{n] /fVg] ub{5g\ . 5f]/f dfG5]sf] 

^ dlxgfdf / 5f]/LdfG5]sf] $ dlxgfdf 

kf:gL ul/G5 . af/ jif{df 5]j/ ubf{ 

efGhfn] dfdfnfO{ 6Lsf nufP/ blIf0ff 

lbg] rng 5 . dfdfn] efGhfnfO{ efxL 

n'uf / k};f pkxf/ lbg'kb{5 . 

s]6f jf s]6L cGo hflt;Fu ljjfx 

ug{ ?rfpF5g\ . dª\unjf/sf] lbg kf/]/

s]6fsf afa' s]6Lsf] 3/ uO{ lax]sf] 

k|:tfj /fV5g\ . s'/f kSsf ePkl5 km]l/ 

dª\unjf/s} lbg kf/]/ hGtL hfg] ub{5g\ . 

b'nxLnfO{ n'uf Pjd\ u/uxgf lnP/ hfg] 

sfd o; hfltdf b'nfxfsL alxgLn] 

ug]{ rng /x]sf] 5 . o; hfltsf] 

/Lltl/jfhcg';f/ b'nxLsf] h'7f] b'nfxfn] 

vfPkl5 dfq d'Vo ljlw ;lsG5 . 

ljjfxsf] ef]lnkN6 b'nfxfn] b'nxLnfO{ 

cfˆgf] 3/ nu]/ l;Gb'/ nufOlbG5 . 

l;Gb'/ nufPkl5 Ps cfk;df 

hf]8n] 6fpsf] h'wfpg] rng 5 . eufP/ 

NofPsL s]6Ln] ljjfx ug{ gdfg] 5f]l8g] 

ul/G5 . eufP/ NofPsf] xsdf s]6fsf 

cfdfafa'n] s]6Lsf cfdfafa'nfO{ b:t'/ 

a'´fP/ 9f]ue]6 u/]kl5 dfq lax] dfGo 

x'G5 / dfOtLn] ;Dks{ /fVgldN5 t/ 

b:t'/ ga'´fPsf] v08df :jf:gLsf] 

sfhlqmof;d]t ug{gldNg] Pjd\ lax] 

cdfGo x'g] ub{5 . dfG5] d/]kl5 o; 

hfltn] uf8\g] ub{5g\ . h'7f] rf]Vofpg 

s]jn kfFr lbg g'g t]n afg'{kg]{ k/Dk/f 

/x]sf] 5 . To;kl5 h'g 3/df dfG5] d/]sf] 

xf], To; 3/df :jl:tzflGt u/L d[tssf] 

gfddf tflGqs ljlw u/L vfg lbg] rng 

o; hfltdf /x]sf] 5 . 

ljjfxsf] ;fdflhs sfg'gcGtu{t 

lax] x'g] s]6fn] @@ ?lkofF gub bfd 

/fVg'k5{ . ;fydf Ps 7]sL /S;L 

s]6Lsf afa'cfdfnfO{ b:t'/sf ¿kdf 

a'´fpg'kb{5 . ta dfq lax]sf] l/t k"/f x'G5 

cGoyf k"/f x'Fb}g . b]zsf ;Lldt e]udf 

dfq kmf6k'm6¿kdf a;]sf 5g\ r]kfª . o; 

hfltn] ;Eo lzlIft JolQmx¿sf] kl/ro 

kfPsf 5}gg\ . c´ sltko :yfgx¿df 

t lzlIft JolQmx¿nfO{ b]Vbf logLx¿ 

efUg] ub{5g\ . s;};Fu s'g} k|sf/sf] 

g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ub}{gg\ . logLx¿n] cfˆgf] 

xs lxt / clwsf/af/] cfafh p7fpg 

hfg]sf 5}gg\ . 

uf}/— *, /f}tx6 

xfn sf7df8f}F 

sljtf 

ob'gfy j;Gtk'/] 

kf}/vL xf] p7 

s] x'Gg nfu] 3/ of] g5f8f}F 

s] x'Gg yfn] gx6f}F gnqf}F 

o'jf p7] dfq ljsf; x'G5 

P Û kf}/vL xf] p7 hfu hfu . 

g]kfn of] ;'Gb/ b]Vg kfpFm 

g]kfnsf] uf}/j x]g{ kfpFm pm 

g]kfnd} kf}/v kf]Vg kfpFm 

g]kfnd} xfF:g / afFRg kfpFm . 

ljwfgsf] ;f/ l5rf]Ng'k5{ 

ljrf/sf] kf/v lhTg'k5{ 

af6f] / aQL t s'nfs'n];fn];f 

lgdf{0f ub{} ca a9\g'k5{ . 

55÷zAb–;+of]hg

sljtf 

38Lx¿sf] x8tfn 

s] kL cGhfg n'OF6]n 

ltdLn] pkxf/ lbPsf] aGb 38L 

;k|]d af]s]/ d 

;do ldnfpg 38Lk;nlt/ nfu]F 

ToxfF 38Lx¿ aGb lyP . 

;f]w]F 

38Lx¿ lsg aGb 5g\ < 

hafkm cfof] 

38Lx¿ x8tfndf 5g\ . 

lxhf] l/S;faf6 eml/;s]kl5 

cfwf ef8f 36fpg vf]Hof} 

d}n] nfu]sf] ef8f lbg'k5{ eg]F 

cl:t kfOG6 l;nfpFbf 

rf}yfO dfq Hofnf lbg vf]Hof} 

d}n] k'/fk'/ lbg'k5{ eg]F 

lji0f'ljnf; ljxf/L la|kms]; lnP/ 

gful/stf lng cfof] 

d}n] To;/L lbg'x'Gg eg]F 

cfnL 7f]Sg] v]tfnfnfO{ Hofnf ebf{ 

afª\uf] kfyL eg{ vf]Hof} 

d+}n] l;wf e/ eg]F 

c;f/df; cv'jf tbf{ 

c9fOdgsf] 9fs/ au]kl5 

lbNkfnLnfO{ xhf{gf lt/fpg vf]Hof} 

d}+n] p;nfO{ gofF 9fs/ lslglbg'k5{ eg]F 

ksfpg] k:sg]sf] Ifltk"lt{ x'g'k5{ eg]F 

jo/jgdf af3n] afv|f df¥of] 

uf]7fnfnfO{ l;:g'kfgL nufof} 

d}n] ;Sg] eP af3nfO{ hl/jfgf u/ eg]F 

;a};a}df d}n] ;do lrGg ;lsFg eg]/ xf]nf 

d]/f] hGdlbgdf pkxf/ lbP5f} aGb 38L 

To;nfO{ ;k|]d af]s]/ d 

;do ldnfpg 306f3/lt/ nfu]F 

ToxfF klg 38L aGb lyof] 

;a}lt/ 38Lx¿ aGb lyP . 

;f]w]F 

;a}lt/ 38Lx¿ lsg aGb 5g\ < 

hafkm cfof] — 

dfG5]x¿sf gfnfosLlj?¢ 

38Lx¿ x8tfndf 5g\ . 

x]6f}F8f– %, dsjfgk'/ 

zAb–;+of]hg÷56

;dfnf]rgf 

km6\ofOF qmflGtsf/L 

;dfnf]rgf x'Fb}g 

8f= /ljnfn clwsf/L 

HofUbL vf]nfsf 

;fyLx¿n] k|sflzt 

:ofª\hf 

u/]sf] q}dfl;s 

klqsf …HofUbL vf]nfsf] t/ª\uÚ k"0ff{ª\s 

$ >fj0f–cflZjg @)&# df k|ultjfbL 

;dfnf]rs 8f=hubLzrGb| e08f/Lsf] 

æOltxf; r]tgf / dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rgfÆ 

zLif{ssf] ;dfnf]rgf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . 

e08f/Ln] To; ;dfnf]rgfdf P]ltxfl;s 

r]tgfsf] e"ldsf pNn]v ub}{ g]kfnsf] 

k|ultjfbL ;dfnf]rgfsf] l:yltnfO{ af]w 

u/fpg] k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ultjfbL 

;flxTo / ;dfnf]rgf n]vgsf ;Gbe{df 

pxf“n] u/]sf] k|of; k|z+;gLo 5 t/ 

Ps 7fp“df cfk"m / cfÏgf hTyfsf 

;dfnf]rsx¿ j:t'jfbL d"Nofª\sg 

ug{ ;IFd 5g\ / cfÏgf] hTyfafx]ssf 

k|ultjfbL ;dfnf]rsx¿ j:t'jfbL 

d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;St}gg\ eGg] b]vfpg 

efg'eStLo d"Nofª\sgsf] pbfx/0f eg]/ 

Pp6f km6\ofO“sf] v]tL ug'{ePsf] 5 . 

pxf“sf v]tLsf] :j¿k o:tf] 5 -e08f/L, 

@)&#M@)_M 

dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rgfsf ;Gbe{df 

efg'eSt cfrfo{;DaGwL cfnf]rgfnfO{ 

pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf /fVg;lsG5 . efg'eSt 

cfrfo{sf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf cfnf]rgfdf 

pgsf /rgfnfO{ x[borGb|l;+x k|wfg, 

uf]ljGb e§, r}tGo, lgg' rfkfufO+, df]bgfy 

k|l>t, /ljnfn clwsf/L, hubLzrGb| 

e08f/L, hLj]Gb| lu/Lnufotn] ;sf/fTds 

tyf gsf/fTds b'a} b[li6af6 x]/]sf 

5g\ . ljz]iftM eflifs cfwf/nfO{ dfq 

pRrtfsf] dfgs agfpg] df]bgfy k|l>t, 

/ljnfn clwsf/L, hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Ln] 

efg'eSt cfrfo{sf s[ltdf k|ultzLntf 

/ hgkIfLotf b]v]sf 5g\ eg] cGon] cw{ 

;fdGtL tyf cw{ cf}klgj]lzs cfly{s 

;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] ljBdfgtfdf 

n]lvPsf cfrfo{sf /rgfdf eflifs 

tyf snfTds kIf ;sf/fTds /x] klg 

j}rfl/s ¿kdf cfrfo{ cWofTdjfbL 

tyf ;fdGt ju{sf kIf3/ /x]sf 5g\ eGg] 

lgrf]8 lgsfn]sf 5g\ . 

e08f/Lsf] o; p4/0fdf efg'eStsf] 

57÷zAb–;+of]hg

d"Nofª\ssg ubf{ df]bgfy k|l>t, 

/ljnfn clwsf/L, hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Ln] 

eflifs cfwf/nfO{ dfq pRrtfsf] dfgs 

agfP/ d"Nofª\sg u/]sf 5g\ / cGon] 

j}rfl/s kIfnfO{ klg cfwf/ agfP/ 

j:t'jfbL d"Nofª\sg u/]sf 5g\ eGg] 

cy{ lbOPsf] 5 . x[borGb|l;+x k|wfg / 

uf]ljGb e§;d]tnfO{ cfÏgf ;ª\sL0f{ 

lrGtgsf hTyfdf leœofpg] / cfÏgf] 

hTyf j:t'jfbL ePsf] e|d l;h{gf ug]{ 

lgotn] pxf“n] df]bgfy k|l>t, /ljnfn 

clwsf/L / hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L j:t'jfbL 

5|}gg\ / cfÏgf hTyfsf ;a} j:t'jfbL 

5g\ eGg] cy{ a'emfpg'ePsf] 5 . o; 

;Gbe{df ;/f;/ e'm6f] s'/f] af]n]/ pxf“n] 

km6\ofO“ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . df]bgfy k|l>t, 

/ljnfn clwsf/L / hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Lsf 

;dfnf]rgf g} gk9L csf{n] eg]sf / ;'g]sf 

cfwf/df cyjf hfg]sf] eP klg k"jf{u|x 

af]sL cf“vf lrDn]/ pxf“n] e'm6f] s'/f] 

af]Ng'ePsf] 5 . …dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rgf 

/ efg'eStÚ eGg] k':ts n]Vg] ;Gbe{df 

nueu ;a} dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rssf 

;dfnf]rgf o; n]vsn] klg k9]sf] 5 . 

efg'eStsf efiffsf] ;/fxgf ug]{;Gbe{df 

lgg' rfkfufO{Fafx]s ;a} dfS;{jfbL 

;dfnf]rsx¿n] efg'eStsf efiffsf] 

;/fxgf ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;;Gbe{df of] 

n]vs c¿sf] rrf{ gu/L r}tGon] g} 

JoSt ug'{ePsf] efg'eStsf] efiff;DaGwL 


wf/0fnfO{ dfq clu ;f5{ . r}tGosf] wf/0ff 

o; k|sf/ 5 -r}tGo, @)^%M!^$_ M 

efg'sf /rgfdf ljBdfg efiff 

cf]hk"0f{ b]lvG5 . s}of}F n]vsx¿n] 

efg'eStnfO{ efiffsf cfwf/df hftLo 

jf /fli6«o slj klg dfGb} cfPsf 

5g\ . of] Pp6f pNn]vgLo kIf xf] . 

efg'df cfp“bf v;, kj{t] / uf]vf{nL x'“b} 

g]kfnL efiffn] ;/ntf, nflnTo / 

kl/isf/sf b[li6n] Pp6f prfO xfl;n 

u/]sf] 5 . /fi6«sf] klxrfgsf] Ps k|d'v 

tŒj efiff xf] / efg'n] To;sf] ljsf;df 

dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . efg'sf] 

;dodf g]kfndf ;+:s[tsf kl08tx¿sf] 

jr{:j lyof] . pgLx¿n] g]kfnL efiffdf 

/rgf ug'{nfO{ ckx]ngfsf] b[li6n] x]g]{ 

ub{y] . efg'n] ;+:s[t efiffsf] jr{:jjfb 

/ lxGbL efiffsf] k|efjsf] lj/f]w ub}{ 

sfJosf] If]qdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{ :yflkt 

t'Nofpgsf nflu pNn]vgLo e"ldsf 

lgjf{x u/] . olt dfq xf]Og pgn] cfÏgf 

k"j{h / ;dsfnLg ;flxTosf/x¿sf 

t'ngfdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;/n / 

kl/dflh{t agfpg] sfd klg u/] . o;/L 

g]kfnL efiffn] jf:tljs cf]hl:jtf 

efg's} sf/0fn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sof] . 

o; lsl;dn] efg'eStsf] eflifs 

of]ubfgsf] d"Nofª\sg ub}{ pxf“n] æbfz{lgs 

b[li6n] eGg'kbf{ cd"t{ lrGtgsf] If]qdf 

efiffsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 / of] 

sfddf klg efg'sf] of]ubfgnfO{ xfdLn]

cª\uLsf/ ug}{kb{5Æ eGg'ePsf] 5 -P]hg 

M !^%_ . efiffs} ;Gbe{df r}tGon] 

x[borGb|l;+x k|wfgn] efg'eStsf 

efiffnfO{ cfzLjf{b / clezfk eg]sf] 

hfgsf/L u/fp“b} ;/n efiffdf /fdfo0f 

n]v]/ elStjfbsf] k|rf/ ug]{ eP a? b'¿x 

lSni6 ;+:s[t efiffd} n]v]sf] eP x'GYof] 

eGg] uf]ljGb e§n] 3'dfO lkm/fO ;+:s[t 

efiffs} kIfkf]if0f ug{ vf]h]sf cfzo 

klg hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 . ælog} 

k|;ª\ux¿dfly Wofg lb“b} lgg' rfkfufO{Fn] 

ljifonfO{ ce}m tGsfP/ efg'sf] eflifs 

of]ubfgnfO{ k"/} gsfg{] sfd u/]sf 5g\Æ 

eGb} r]tGon] lgg'n] efg'eStsf] eflifs 

of]ubfgnfO{ gsf/]sf] ;Gbe{ klg pNn]v 

ug'{ePsf] 5 -P]hg_ . 

elg;lsPsf] 5– lgg' rfkfufO{Fafx]s 

cGo ;a} dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rsx¿n] 

efg'eStsf eflifs ;fdYo{sf] ;/fxgf 

ug'{ePsf] 5 . o; qmddf df]bgfy k|l>t, 

/ljnfn clwsf/L / hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Ln] 

klg efg'sf eflifs ;fdYo{sf] ;/fxgf 

ug'{ :jfefljs xf] . hxfF;Dd eflifs 

cfwf/nfO{ dfq pRr d"Nofª\sg ug]{ 

;afn 5, Toxf“ df]bgfy k|l>t, /ljnfn 

clwsf/L / hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Ln] j}rfl/s 

kIfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ efg'eStnfO{ 7'nf 

slj eg]sf] b]lvb}g . df]bgfy k|l>tn] 

æefg'eSt hgtfsf nflu clezfk 

of j/bfg tn] 

efg'eStnfO{ cWofTdjfbL g} eg]sf] 

b]lvG5 . æcWofTdjfbL bz{g;lxt g} 

eP klgÆ eGg] jfSof+zn] efg'eStnfO{ 

ef}ltsjfbL eg]sf] cy{ lbb}g xf]nf . o; 

jfSof+zsf] cy{ a'‰g] xs e08f/LhLsf 

hTyfsf ljåfg\x¿nfO{ dfq geO{ cGo 

kf7snfO{ klg 5 . df]bgfyn] efg'nfO{ 

k|ultzLn / hgkIfLo eGof] eGg] 

k"jf{u|x gaf]Sg]x¿n] h?/ klg k|l>tn] 

efg'eStnfO{ lrGtgdf k|ultzLn / 

hgkIfLo eg]sf] kfpg'x'g] 5}g . oxf“g]/ 

zAb / sd{ cyjf lrGtg / Jojxf/sf 

;Gbe{nfO{ a'‰g'kg]{ x'G5 . zAb eg]sf] 

lrGtg xf] / sd{ eg]sf] Jojxf/ xf] . cfh 

zAb / sd{ Ps} ePsf k|ultjfbLx¿ sd 

59÷zAb–;+of]hg

]lvG5g\,Ú xfdL qmflGtsf/L k|ultjfbL 

xf}F eGg]x¿ grflxFbf] e|d lkmhfpg] e'm6sf] 

v]tL u/L ck|ultjfbL sfd ul//x]sf 

b]lvG5g\ . gfd -zAb_ k|ultjfbL / sfd 

-sd{_ ck|ultjfbL x'g' zAb / sd{sf] 

tfnd]n gldNg' xf] . To:t} zAb / sd{sf] 

tfnd]n gldn]sf] k|lqmof efg'eStsf 

ultljlwdf klg b]lvG5 t/ Tof] k|lqmof 

qmflGtsf/L k|ultjfbLx¿sf ljk/Lt 

zAb g/fd|f] / sd{ /fd|f] ePsf] lyof] . 

efg'eStsf] lrGtg k|ultzLn lyPg, pxf“ 

cWofTdjfbL g} x'g'x'GYof] t/ pxf“sf] sfd 

k|ultzLn eOlbof] . hgtfsf] lxtfg's"n 

ePsfn] pxf“sf sfdnfO{ hgkIfLo klg 

elgPsf] xf] . k|l>tsf dflysf egfOdf 

s'g} lj/f]wfef; 5}g t/ k"jf{u|xLx¿n] o; 

egfOnfO{ aª\UofP/ k|l>tn] efg'eStnfO{ 

ljrf/df k|ultzLn eGof], hgkIfLo eGof] 

eg]/ e'm6sf] v]tL dfq u/]sf x'g\ eGg] 

kf7s ju{n] ;xh} a'‰g ;Sg] s'/f] xf] . 

cfhsf kl/j]zdf k"jf{u|xL ;dfnf]rssf 

e/df dfq cf“vf lrDng] kf7s ju{ 5}g . 

@)%@ ;fndf s'nk|;fb vgfnn] 

…k|of]uÚ dfl;s jif{ ! cª\s # df 

æefg'eSto'u / ;flxTo ofqfdf 

pgsf gf/LkfqÆ zLif{ssf ;dLIffdf 

efg'eStsf] cjd"Nog ug{ vf]h]sf] b]vL 

æefg'eStLo sfJo ;fwgfsf] ljlzi6ftfÆ 

zLif{ssf] Pp6f ;dfnf]rgf o; 

n]vsn] klg k|of]us} kf“rf}F cª\sdf 

5kfPsf] lyof] . e08f/LhLn] To;df 


klg efg'eStsf efiffsf] pRr 

d"Nofª\sg u/]sf] / ljrf/ k|ultzLn 

b]v]sf] kfpg'eP5 Û o; ;dfnf]rgfdf 

klg efg'eStnfO{ k|ultzLn b]v]sf] bf]if 

nufpg' e08f/LhLsf] k"jf{u|x xf] / e'm6sf] 

v]tL xf] . efg'eStsf ljrf/sf ;Gbe{dfM 

æpgsf] bfz{lgs k[i7e"ldnfO{ lrofp“bf 

pgL zª\s/frfo{sf k|efjdf j]bfGt 

bz{gaf6 /fd|/L k|efljt 5g\Æ eg]sf] 

5 -clwsf/L, @)%@M!(_ . r}tGon] 

eg]sf]–æbfz{lgs b[li6n] x]bf{ efg'sf] 

ljZjb[li6sf]0f cå}t j]bfGtdf cfwfl/t 

cWofTdjfb xf]Æ -r}tGo, @)^%M !^^_ 

eGg] egfO / o; n]vssf] egfO Pp6} 

xf] cGo kf7ssf nflu t/ e08f/LhLsf 

hTyfsf nflu Pp6} xf]Og . …of] ;f/f ;[li6 

bf]ifL ljlwjz 5 eg] cfkmg} b[li6 bf]ifLÚ 

eg] em}F r}tGosf] ljZn]if0f j:t'jfbL / o; 

n]vssf] ljZn]if0f cWofTdjfbL x'G5 Û 

@)&) ;fn ;fpg !( ut] 

k|f=8f=hLj]Gbb]j lu/Ln] k|ultzLn 

n]vs ;ª\3sf] cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht 

sfo{qmddf æk|ultjfbL b[li6df efg'eStÆ 

zLif{ssf] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] 

lyof] . efg'eStsf] låztjflif{sLsf 

;Gbe{df k|:t't ul/Psf] To; sfo{kqdf 

klg lu/LhLn] cgfjZos s'/f] n]v]sf] 

b]lvb}g . æefg'eStsf cfWoflTds / 

j]bfGtL lrGtg, hfthflt / gf/Lk|ltsf 

b[li6sf]0f cflb cfhsf] PSsfO;f}F 

zTffAbLsf] o'udf cfnf]Ro x'g' :jfefljs

5Æ eGb} lu/Ln] ltgn] cfhsf] o'unfO{ 

lgb]{z ug]{ s'/fsf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsb}gÆ 

eGg'ePsf] 5 -lu/L, @)&!M@#_ . o;/L 

cfhsf] o'u / lxhf]sf efg'eStsf 

ljrf/df tfnd]n gldNg] wf/0ff lu/Ln] 

/fVg'ePsf] 5 . P]ltxfl;s ;fk]Iftfsf] 

;Gbe{ p7fp“b} æhxf“;Dd ltgsf] o'u;fk]If 

d"Nofª\sgsf] s'/f 5 To; b[li6n] eg] tL 

cfÏg} o'usf ljlzi6 / k|efjsf/L /rgf 

x'g\Æ eGb} pxf“n] æOltxf;sf] ;Ddfg 

u/]/ dfq s'g} ;dfh cufl8 a9\g;S5Æ 

eGg'ePsf] 5 -P]hg_ . æOltxf;sf] 

ljlzi6 sfnv08sf pknlAwnfO{ ToxL 

kl/j]zsf] Vofn u/]/ ;dLIff ug'{ k|ultjfbL 

;flxTosf/sf] bfloTj xf]Æ eg]/ lu/LhLn] 

eg] klg e08f/LhLn] To; s'/fnfO{ pN6f] 

cYof{P/ lu/Ln] efg'eStnfO{ ljrf/df 

k|ultzLn eGof] eGg'ePsf] 5 / k|l>ts} 

kª\lQmdf /fVg'ePsf] 5 . 

8f=e08f/LhLn] efg'eQmsf] efiffsf] 

pRr d"Nofª\sg u/]/ ljrf/ kIfsf] 

Vofn} gug]{ elgPsf df]bgfy k|l>t, 

/ljnfn clwsf/L / hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Lsf 

efg'eStsf] bz{g / ljrf/sf ;Gbe{df 

JoSt ePsf wf/0ffsf gd'gf dfly 

k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ . k"jf{u|xn] cGwf 

ePsf e08f/LhLsf hTyf afx]ssf 

cGo kf7sn] klg logLx¿sf] cWoog 

ug{;Sg'x'g] 5 . e08f/LhLn] e'm6sf] 

v]tL u/]/ km6\ofO“ ug'{ePsf] 5 . km6\ofO“ 

9“6\ofO“ xf], ;xL ;dfnf]rgf x'g ;St}g, 

emg\ qmflGtsf/L ;dfnf]rgf t x'“b}x'“b}g . 

;xL ;dfnf]rgf n]Vg ;xL lrGtg / ;xL 

ljZn]if0f lbg'k5{ . 

;Gbe{ s[lt M 

clwsf/L, /ljnfn -@)%@_; æefg'eStLo 

sfJo;fwgfsf] ljlzi6tfÆ, k|of]u dfl;s, 

jif{ !, k"0f{ª\s % k[= !%–@%_ 

lu/L, hLj]Gb|b]j -@)&!_; æk|ultjfbL b[li6df 

efg'eQmÆ, k|n];, jif{ !(, k"0ff{ª\s @!, 

k[&–@$ . 

r}tGo -@)^%_; æefg'eSt M Ps d"Nofª\sgÆ, 

;dLIff / ;f}Gbo{, 306f3/ M kf7\o ;fdfu|L 

k;n . 

k|l>t, df]bgfy -@)%*_; æefg'eSt hgtfsf 

nflu clezfk of j/bfg tsf ;ª\slnt /rgfx¿ v08 &, 

sf7df8f}“ M k}/jL a'S; P08 :6];g/L ;]G6/, 

k'tnL;8s . 

e08f/L, hubLzrGb| -@)&#_; æOltxf; r]tgf 

/ dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rgfÆ, HofUbL vf]nfsf] 

t/ª\u, k"0ff{ª\s $, k[= !@–@@ . 

a'4rf]s, kf]v/f–!) 

pkTosf aflx/ zAb–;+of]hg ;flxlTos dfl;s klqsf 

kfOg] :yfgx¿ xfn klqsf kfOg] k;nx¿M 

>]i7 a's PG8 Go'h ;]G6/–bds, emfkf, )@#– 

%*$!@%, e6\6/fO{ k':ts k;n–lj/f6gu/, 

df]/ª, )@!–%@$@$#, d'gfn k':ts e08f/– 

ufO{3f6, pbok'/, )#%–$@)*^$ Go' k/h'gf 

:6];g/L–l;Gw'nL, )$&–%@))@%, gf/fo0fL 

k':ts ;bg–gf/fo0f u9, lrtjg, )%^– 

%@!@*), ;'gufef a'S; PG8 :6];g/L–e/tk'/, 

lrtjg, )%^–%#!$&) s~rg k':ts k;n– 

kf]v/f, sf:sL, )^!–%@$$^^, l;6L a's PG8 

Go'h ;]G6/–a'6jn, ?kGb]xL, )&!–%$%@#^, 

Go' k|eft k':ts k;n–;'v]{t, )*#–%@))&%, 

ljlkg k':ts k;n–dx]Gb| gu/,s~rgk'/, 

)((–%@)!$* 

61÷zAb–;+of]hg

ahf/df s[lt 

k':ts 

ljwf 

k|sfzs 

d"No 

M uf]w"nL ;do 

M sljtf;ª\u|x 

M Hof]lt k|sfzg k|f=ln= 

M?=@)!.– 

k':ts M :d[ltdf 6]D; 

ljwf M lgofqf;ª\u|x 

n]vs M nIdL pk|]tL 

k|sfzs M /df–s[i0f ;[hgf k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}F 

d"No M ?=@!%.– 

zAb–;+of]hg÷62

skg–afg]Zj/ /fli6«o ;flxlTos 

;fKtflxssf] 5}6f}F jif{ k|j]zsf] 

pknIfdf /Tg/fHo p=df=lj=, dWo 

afg]Zj/df cfof]lht ljz]if 

;df/f]x ;DkGg eof] . pkGof;sf/ 

z+s/ ef/tLsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg 

ePsf] pSt ;df/f]xsf] ;~rfng 

lgaGw cfrfo{n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] 

cltlysf ¿kdf 8f=/fdk|;fb 1jfnL, 

/Tg/fHosL k|frfo{ 8f=uLtf v/]n 

l;jfsf]6L, dw'ks{sf ;Dkfbs >Lcf]d 

>]i7 …/f]bgÚ, cflb pkl:yt ePsf] pQm 

;df/f]xdf ;flxTo l;h{gf;]jftkm{ rfnL{ 

8]N6f a/fn, df]km;naf6 ;bfgGb cefuL, 

dlxnftkm{a6 clgtf e08f/L kf}8]n, afn 

/rgftkm{ s[kf af]u6L / ;flxlTos ;dfrf/ 

;Ddfg zAb ;+of]hg ;flxlTos dfl;ssf 

k|wfg ;Dkfbs /d]z kf]v/]nnfO{ vfbf, 

;Ddfg–kq tyf gub ?=!,))%.–ck{0f 

;flxTo ;GWofsf] #&%cf} z[ª\vnf 

;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf lgofqfsf/ 

kf]if rfkfufO{Fn] n]Vg'ePsf] lgofqf 

;ª\u|xsf] ;flxTosf/ k|bLk g]kfn / /fd 

ljgon] ;+o'Qm¿kdf nf]sfk{0f ug{'eof] . 

lgofqf k':tssf] af/]df k|f 8f=b]jL k|;fb 

;'j]bL ;dLIff ug{'eof] . g]skfsf ;+:yfks 

dxf;lrj s= k'iknfnsf] :d[ltdf ;flxTo 

;GWofsf] sfo{qmddf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 

lgg' rfkfufO{Fn] / hg;flxlTos d~r, 

;dfrf/ 

skg–afg]Zj/ /fli6«o ;flxlTos ;fKtflxssf] 

;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ 

u/]/ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L 

?=!,!),))).– cIfosf]ifdf /flvlbP/ 

klqsfsf] k|yd ;+/Ifs /xg'ePsf x]d 

kf}8]n, >L/fd cfrfo{, ch{'g /fgf / ;Ltf 

cf]emfnfO{ vfbf nufP/ ;Ddfg–kq 

ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L skg– 

afg]Zj/ /fli6«o ;fKtflxssf] o:tf] ljz]if 

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u ug{] 

;+:yf tyf JolStx¿ l/nfoG; af]l8{ª 

:s'n, ldng rf]s kf6L{ e]Go', 8f=efujt 

9sfn / ef/åfh ldqnfO{ klg ;Ddfg– 

kq ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . 

;flxTo ;GWofsf] #&% cf}+ z[ª\vnf 

g]kfnsf dxf;lrj ljgf]b dGhgn] 

k'iknfnsf] af/]df rrf{ ug{'eof] . 

/fd ljgosf] cWoIftfdf ;~rfng 

ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f sf]iffWoIf 

uf]kfn s'df/ d}gfnLn] ug{'eof] . 

sl/a @^ hgf sljx¿n] sljtf kf7 

u/]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf jftfj/0f kqsf/ 

df]xg d}gfnL, lgofqfsf/ kf]if rfkfufO{Fn] 

cfˆgf] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof]. 

63÷zAb–;+of]hg

cg'e"lt 

cfnf]rgf / Joª\Uosf] 

pbfQLs/0f ug{'xf];\ 

k|f= 8f= dxfb]j cj:yL 

s' 

g} klg dxfsfJosf/sf nflu 

dxfsfJon]vg r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ 

xf] / ;dLIff ug{' klg TolQs} 

r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf], sl7g 

sfo{ xf] . ljåfgsf lrGtg / ljrf/nfO{ 

;d]t ;d]6]/ uDeL/ cy{ ;Dk|]if0f ug{] ;|i6fn] 

dfq dxfsfJo n]Vg;S5 . clg sljn] 

eGg afFsL /fv]sf s'/f ;dLIfsn] eGg 

;Sg'k5{ . dxfsfJo l;h{gfsf] s'/f 

uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] . To:tf] uf}/j ;|i6fsf] 

kl/jf/sf] uf}/j xf], ;dfhsf] uf}/j xf] / 

;du| /fi6«sf] uf}/jsf] s'/f xf] . dxfsfJon] 

/fli6«o / hftLo uf}/jsf] s'/f ;d]6]sf] 

x'G5 . ;gftgsfnb]lvsf] ;fd|fHojfbL, 

pklgj]zjfbL, lj:tf/jfbL zlQmsf lj?4sf] 

/fi6«jfbL cfGbf]ng jf åGånfO{ 8f=/fdk|;fb 

1jfnLn] of] …:jKgb[li6Ú dxfsfJosf] 

ljifoj:t' agfpg'ePsf]] 5 tfklg cem} 

kl/isf/ eg] cfjZos 5 . 

cfw'lgs g]kfnL ;flxTosf pTs[i6 dflgPsf 

t?0f tk;L, zfs'Gtn, k|ldy; / d[To'~ho 

h:tf dxfsfJo;Fu of] dxfsfJonfO{ d}n] 

t'ngf u/]/ / cGo dxfsfJo;Fu ;d]t t'ngf 

u/]/ cWoog ubf{ o; dxfsfJon] pTs[i6 

dflgPsf dxfsfJo;Fu t'Notf /fVb5 . 

of] …:jKgb[li6Ú dxfsfJosf] ljifoj:t' klg 

lgtfGt sljsNkgfdf cfwfl/t 5 . 

…t?0f tk;LÚ klg sljsNkfgfd} cfwfl/t 

dxfsfJo xf] / of] ;jf{lws nf]slk|o 

klg 5 . ;flxTosf / ;flxToQ/ kf7sn] 

;"lQmdotfsf sf/0f n]vgfy kf}8\ofnnfO{ 

;DemG5g\, pgsf l;h{gf kf7ssf 

d'v}df em'lG8G5g\ . dxfsfJsf/ 8f=/fdk|;fb 

1jfnLn] klg cfnf]rgf / Joª\Uosf] 

n]vgfyn] em}F pbfQLs/0f ug{'xf];\ To;kl5 

of] dxfsfJo pRr txsf] x'g;Sb5 . pRrt/ 

:t/sf] dxfsfJo o; dxfsfJosf] efje"lddf 

/x]/ ca tkfO{F n]Vg'xf];\ / To;sf] e"ldsf 

klg cfkm}F n]Vg'xf];\, h;/L b]jsf]6fn] 

n]v]sf lyP . x'g klg l;h{gfdd{sf] ;a}eGbf 

a9L hfgsf/ ;|i6f dfq x'g;S5 . x'g t 

d}n] klg nfd} n]v]sf] 5' t/ nfdf e"ldsf 

g/fv]sf] /fd|f] . of] dxfsfJo snfTds, 

u'0fjQfk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 To;}n] 8f=1jfnLnfO{ 

xflb{s wGojfb lbG5' . cfhsf] dxTTjk"0f{ 

/ ul/dfdo ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ 

ljåfgsf dfemdf cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg] cj;/ 

k|fKt eof], o;n] dnfO{ uf}/jfg'e"lt ePsf] 

5 . 

-@)&$ c;f/ @% ut] zlgjf/ 8f=/fdk|;fb 

1jfnLsf] …:jKgb[li6Ú dxfsfJosf] nf]sfk{0f 

;df/f]xdf cleJoSt dGtJodf cfwfl/t_ 

/d]z kf]v/]n 

zAb–;+of]hg÷64

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