book 30 - Mini Bible College

t/d t/d gkmFkbk gkmFkbk 30
30
o'whnK o'whnK dh dh feskp
feskp
jo jo nkfJs nkfJs dk dk nfXnB
nfXnB
(Gkr-2)
(Gkr-2)
o'whnK 5-8
j?okB j?okB eoB eoB tkbh
tkbh
feogk
feogk
fwBh fwBh pkJhpb pkJhpb ekb/i
ekb/i
shth_ shth_ nzsookFNoh: nzsookFNoh: feskp
feskp
fJe fJe fJe fJe nkfJs
nkfJs
(Gkr (Gkr -1)
-1)
nB[tkd L gk;No :{;[\ tho f;zx
t/d t/d gkmFkbk
gkmFkbk
67 67 pokeek pokeek o'v, o'v, febgke
febgke
u/BzJh - 600 010

THE BOOK OF ROMANS - Part II
Booklet - 30
Punjabi
© IBL
2003
Cover Credit : Cynthia Kingston
Printed by : Creative Enterprises, Chennai
For additional booklets write to
India Bible Literature,
67, Beracah Road, Kilpauk,
Chennai - 600010.
Ph.6425166 Fax : 6428298
E-mail : ibl.maa@iblchennai.org
nfXnkfJ 1
@@ihfts nfXeko dh ikDekoh##
AAfJj uko eqw nB[;ko feskpK dh bVh ft`u d{ih feskp j? fijVh
T[BKQ d/ bJh B'N; d/ o{g ft`u fsnko ehsh rJh j? fiBKQ B/ ;kv/ o/fvT[
gq;koB ;[D/ jB fijV/ o'whnK dh gsqh dh jo nkfJs dk toDB eod/ jB.
i/ s[jkv/ e'b fJBKQ feskpK ft`u' gfjbh feskp Bjh j?, sK w+ s[jk~ T[s;kfjs
eoBk ukj[zdk jK fe s[;h ;kv/ Bkb ;wgoe eo' sIK i' n;h s[jk~ T[j fJ`e
feskp G/i ;ehJ/. i/eo s[;h o'whnK d/ BK dh gsqh dk nfXnB nkgD/ nkg
eoBk ukj[zd/ j' ns/ d[{finK ~ th f;ykT[Dk ukjz[d/ j', sK T[; feskp dh s[jk~
b'V j't/rh fijVh s[jkv/ bJh ns/ d{finK d/ bJh wddrko ;kps j't/rh.
Gkt/_ o/fvT gq;koB dh fJ; bVh ft`u w+ fJ`e fJ`e nkfJs d/ pko/ nfXnB
eotkfJnk j?, w+ nkgDh gfjbh feskp ft`u gfjb/ uko nfXnkfJnK dh
f;fynK pj[s jh ;gFN ns/ ;zy/g sohe/ d/ Bkb fd`sh j?, ns/ fJ; feskp
ft`u 5-8 nfXnkfJ dh f;fynk fijVh g'b[; dk Xow ;zpdh nB[Gt j? T[; ~
;zy/g ft`u fd`sk j?.
fJ; gsqh d/ gfjb/ uko nfXnkfJnK ft`u, g'b[; gkgh d/ Xowh
mfjokJ/ ikD dh iK d'F w[es mfjokJ/ ikD dk toDB eodk j?. T[j fJ;
fBFeoF d/ gj[zudk j? fe n;h ;ko/ gkgh jK, go T[j p[o/ ;wkuko dk Bshik
;[;wkuko ft`u fBe`bdk j? fe gow/Fo B/ T[BK ;GBk ~ fijV/ T[; d/ T[`s/
ftFtk; eod/ jB d'F w[es eodk j?, iK Xowh mfjokT[_dk j? ns/ f:;{ w;hj
d/ okjh id T[j gqrN j't/rk, sK ;kv/ bJh eh e[M eo/rk< tk;st ft`u
gfjb/ uko nfXnkfJnK dk fBFeoF gzit/_ nfXnkfJ dh F[o{ tkbh nkfJs ftù
fwbdk j? L @@;' id' n;h fBjuk Bkb Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ sK n;h nkgD/ gqG{ f:;{
w;hj d/ okjh gow'Fo t`b FKsh o`yhJ/.##
fJ; gsqh d/ d{i/ uko nfXnkfJnK ft`u, g'b[; T[BKQ d/ Xowh mfjokJ/
ikD dk toDB Aeodk j? fijV/ f:;{ w;hj d/ T[; ezw d/ T[`/s/ fijVk T[;
B/ ;bhp d/ T[`s/ T[BKQ d/ bJh ehsk fBjuk eoe/ Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB. gkgh
fiBKQ ~ gow/Fo B/ Xowh mfjokfJnk j? T[BKQ ~ gkghnK d/ tKr ihtB ihT[D
dh e'Jh b'V Bjh j?, go T[BKQ ~ ;funkJh d/ Bkb ihtB ihT[Dk j?. n;h
nfijk fet/_ eo ;ed/ jK < eh f:;{ w;hj i' ;kvk w[eshdksk j? T[; s/
fBjuk eoB d/ okjh ;kvk gkgh ;[GkT ysw j' iKdk j? < n;h Xowh ihtB
ihT[D d/ bJh iK ;funkJh d/ Bkb ihtB ihT[D d/ bJh T[j gqGkT[Fkbh
;kwoE feE' gqkgs eo ;ed/ jK <
g'b[; fJBKQ gqFBk dk itkp nrb/ uko nfXnkfJnK ft`u fdzdk j? ns/
T[j nkgD/ itkp gzit/_ nfXnkfJ dh d{ih nkfJs s' F[o{ eodk j?, id T[j
fbydk j? L @@fij d/ okjh n;h fBjuk Bkb T[; feogk ft`u ngV/ fij d/
T[`s/ yb"s/ jK, ns/ gow/Fo d/ goskg dh nk; T[`s/ nGwkB eohJ/## f:;{ w;hj
3

d/ T[`/s/ fBjuk d/ okjh n;h Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jK. fBjuk d/ okjh ;kvh gj[zu
T[; feogk s`e gj[zuh j? fijVk fJ; ~ ;zGt eodk j? fe n;h f:;{ w;hj
ft`u f:;{ w;hj d/ bJh, ns/ f:;{ w;hj d/ Bkb yV/ j' ;ehJ/. id n;h
nfijk eoBk f;y iKd/ jK, sd fJ; gkgh ;z;ko ft`u, gkg d/ dk; pD/ pr?o,
n;h nfijk ihtB ih ;ed/ jK fi; s' gow/Fo dh wfjwk j't/.
;kv/ gfjb/ nfXnB ft`u, fit/_ gfjbh feskp ft`u ;zy/g ft`u fbfynk
j'fJnk j?, n;h fJj f;yd/ jK, fit/_ ;[;wkuko ft`u f:;[{ w;hj d/ pko/ ftu
d' ;funkJhnK d`;hnK rJhnK jB L T[; dh w"s ns/ T[; dk ihtkfbnK ikDk.
pkJhpb dh gfjbh ;funkJh ft`u fBjuk d/ okjh n;h Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jK
ns/ FKsh dh jkbs ft`u gow/Fo d/ Bkb w/b j[zdk j?. id g'b[; fbydk j?
fe fBjuk jh d/ okjh T[; feogk sè ;kvh gj[zu j[zdh j?, T[j ;k~ fBod/F fdzdk
j? fe n;h nkgDk ftFtk; pkJhpb dh T[; ;funkJh d/ T[`s/ oyhJ/, f:;{
w;hj dk ih T[mDk.
fijVk Fpd g'b[; n?E/ fbydk j? fi; dk nB[tkd @@feogk##ehsk
frnk j? T[j Fpd :{BkBh GkFk ft`u @@funo}## j?. gow/Fo dh feogk Bk
e/tb nFhF nd/ gow/Fo dh feogk j? fi; d/ T[s/ n;h nfXeko Bjh o`yd/
, fi; ~ ewkT[D d/ bJh n;h e'Jh fwjBs Bjh ehsh iK e'fFF d/ Bkb n;h
T[; ~ gqkgs Bjh ehsk. gow/Fo dh feogk ihtB j? ns/ ;kv/ nzdo ns/ ;kv/
okjh gow/Fo dh ;kwoE j?. id feogk ;kv/ nzdo ns/ ;kv/ okjh ezw eodh
j?, fi; d/ bJh fijVk :{BkBh Fpd fJ;s/wkb ehsk frnk j? T[j j?
@@eoh;wk##
nB'yh feogk
feogk d/ pko/ fJ`e j'o nB'yh nkfJs ft`u g'b[; o;{b B/ fbfynk
j?, fijVh fJ; soK j? L @@ns/ gow/Fo s[jkv/ T[s/ ;koh feogk pj[sh eo
;edk j? GJh jo goeko Bkb ;dk ;G e[M s[jkv/ e'b j't/ fe jo F[G eow
bJh s[jkv/ e'b tk\o Gh j't/.## pkJhpb ft`u gow/Fo dh feogk d/ pko/
fijVh T[; B/ nkgD/ b'eK d/ bJh fJ;s/wkb ehsh j? pj[s jh ;kwoEh j? (2
e[fozEhnK 9L8).
g'b[; d/ nB[;ko, gow/Fo ;G soK dh feogk (E'Vh Bjh) pj[skns
d/ Bkb (ezi{;h d/ Bkb Bjh), s[jkv/ bJh (Bk e/tb ftbh rokw d/ bJh,
gk;No, ns/ fwFBoh d/ bJh, go s[jkv/ bJh), sK i' s[;h (g'b[; fJ; T[s/
ftF/F fXnkB d/ e/ d'jokT[_dk j?), jw/Fk (Bk fe ed/ ed/), b'V s'_ th t`X
e/ (Bk fe e/tb b'V ~ jh g{ok eoB d/ bJh), ;G uh}K ftù (e/tb e[M
uh}k ft`u Bjh), pj[skns d/ Bkb j' ;e/ (e/tb mhe mke jh Bjh), jo fJ`e
Gb/ ezw d/ bJh (e/tb e[M Gb/ ezwK d/ bJh jh Bjh) d/ :'r j?.
;zy/g ft`u l ;G soK dh feogk, pj[skns d/ Bkb, jw/Fk, s[jkvh
;koh, w/ok wsbp j? fe s[jkvh ;koh, ;G e[M fijVk b'V dk j?, ;G e[M,
jw/FK d/ bJh, ;G G`b/ ezwK ft`u pj[skns d/ Bkb fijVh gow/Fo s[jkv/ okjh
eoBk ukjz[dk j? ! Bt/_ B/w dh ebhf;nk B/ ;z;ko ~ T[bNk g[bNk eo fd`sk
feT[_fe T[BKQ B/ ftFtk; ehsk ns/ T[; ;funkJh dk nB[Gt ehsk fi; dh
x'FBk g'b[; B/ gow/Fo dh nB'yh feogk d/ pko/ ft`u fJ; n;XkoB nkfJs
ft`u ehsh j?.
eh fJj feogk n`i th ftFtk;hnK d/ bJh w"i[d j? <
fJ`e tko w+ vkeNo J/ vpb:{ N'}o - i' fe pkJhpb dk fJ`e wjkB
nfXnkge j?, fJj nkyd/ ;[fDnk, @@id s[;h Bt/_ B/w ~ gVd/ j' ns/ c/o ;kvh
n`i dh ebhf;nk ~ t/yd/ j', sK s[;h nkgD/ nzdo fJ; ftuko ~ nkT[D s'_
o'e Bjh ;ed/ fe gow/Fo Bt/_ B/w dh M{mh uouk eoB d/ bJh d'Fh j?.##
id fe T[BKQ ;G T[`sw r`bK dk fijVhnK g'b[; B/ fJ; nkfJs ft`u gq:'r
ehsknK j? fi; dh uouk w+ T[go ehsh j? T[j ;G ;`u j?, n;h fe; soK
d/ Bkb nkgDhnK n`i dhnK ebhf;nktK ~ gqGkT[Fkbh eoh;wk dh so; :'r
xNh dk ekoB d`; ;ed/ jK <
fJè tko w+ fJè gk;No ~ fJj nkyd/ ;[fDnk, @@id gqG{ tkg; nkt/rk,
w/o/ Xkofwe ;w{dkJ/ d/ b'eK dk ;G s'_ gfjbK g[oBT[EkB j't/rk, feT[_fe
Bt/_ B/w ft`u fbfynk j?, @@fijV/ w;hj ft`u wo rJ/ jB T[j gfjbK ih
T[mDr/ !## fJ`e j'o gk;No fijVk nkgD/ Xkofwe ;w{dkJ/ d/ b'eK ft`u T[;/
soK dh gqGkT[Fkbh nksfwe ewh dk ;kjwDk eo fojk ;h, nkgD/ b'eK dh
nksfwe d[opbsk dh goy dk B}koK fJ; sohe/ d/ Bkb fpnkB eodk j? L
@@fsnko oj', ns/ ed/ th Bk ikT[.##
gow/Fo B/ g'b[; o;{b ~ fejk, @@w/oh feogk s/o/ bJh pE/oh j?.##n`i
pj[s ;kohnK ebhf;nktK ft`u, @@nksfwe bj{ dh ewh## d/ gqekF ft`u, fJj
T[g:[es b`rdk j?, fJ; ;tkb d/ Bkb fJ; eEB dk nB[eoB eoBk, fe fJj
@@;jh j? rbs

nkgD/ eFN ft`u nkBzd eo'
T[j ;k~ d{ik gqekFB fdzdk j? fe fet/_ gow/Fo dh feogk s`e gj[zu
;ed/ jK, id T[j o'w d/ ftFtk;hnK ~ ns/ s[jk~ ns/ w+~ fJj T[gd/F fdzdk
j? fe n;h d[`yK ftù nkBzd eohJ/. j[D T[j feT[ ;k~ j";bk fdzdk j? fe
d[`y ns/ w[;hps ft`u nkBzd eohJ/, ns/ d[`yK ft`u nkBzd eoB s'_ gow/Fo dh
feogk s`e gj[zuD dk eh G/d j?<
g'b[; fbydk j? fe ;k~ nkgD/ d[`yK ft`u nkBzd eoBk ukjhdk j?
feT[fe ed/ ed/ gow/Fo ;kv/ d[`]K dk gq:'r T[; feogk dh gj[zu sàe b? e/
ikD d/ bJh eodk j? fi; dk toDB ns/ nkd/F T[; wjs`tg{oD nkfJs ft`u
fijVh T[; B/ e[fozEhnK ~ fbyh ft`u ehsk j?. T[j feogk f:;{ w;hj d/ jo
ftFtk;h:'r u/b/ d/ bJh jk}o j?.
nkgD/ gow/Fo ~ fej' fijk nB[Gt eoBk ukjhdk j? id T[j ;k~
ihD d/ bJh ;zxoF eod/ t/ydk j? fit/_ fJ; ;z;ko ft`u ;k~ eoBk ukjhdk
j? fJj ikDd/ j'J/ fe T[; B/ ;kv/ bJh nfij/ wkor ~ fsnko ehsk j'fJnk
j? sK i' n;h T[; ;wg{oB feogk ~ gqkgs eo ;ehJ/, fi; dh ;k~ b'V j?,
ns/ n;h T[; feogk ~ gqkgs Bjh eo oj/ jK < fJj ;G fbyD dk ekoB
fJj' jh j? fe n;h ftFtk; d/ okjh gow/Fo dh feogk s`e gj[zu ;ed/ jK.
id d{ih tko T[j ;k~ nkBzd j'D d/ bJh T[s;kfjs eodk j?, g'b[; ;k~
gow/Fo dh feogk s`e gj[zuD dk fJ`e d{ik sohek d`;dk j?. ;k~ nkBzd
eoBk ukjhdk j? feT[_fe ;k~ fsnko ofjDk j? fe ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb ihD
d/ okjh n;h T[; dh wfjwk eohJ/, ns/ ;k~ y[F j'Dk j? id gow/Fo ;skT[
dk gq:'r eoe/ ;k~ ;MkT[ fdzdk j? fe fi; dk n;h fJBeko Bjh eo ;ed/.
d[`y dh e[M th ;hwk iK j`d j[zdh j? fi; ~ n;h n;kBh d/ Bkb
gow/Fo dh feogk d/ pr?o ;fjB Bjh eo ;ed/. id ;kv/ d[`y ;k~ fJB;kB
d/ ;fjB s'_ pkjo ;[N fdzd/ jB, nfij/ n"y/ jkbs d/ t/b/ gow/Fo d/ bJh
nfijk w"ek j[zdk j? id T[j nkgDh feogk ;kv/ bJh G/idk j?. fJ`e rhsK
d/ gq/wh b/ye B/ fJ; ;funkJh ~ fJ; soK ftnes ehsk j? L
@@T[j ;k~ finkdk feogk fdzdk j? id ;kvk p'M pj[s finkdk t`X iKdk j?.
T[j ;k~ finkdk Fesh fdzdk j? ik ;kvk ezw t`X iKdk j/.
;kvh t`X ojh ghVk ft`u T[j nkgDh nB'yh feogk t`Xk fdzdk j?.
t`X/ j'J/ d[`yK ft`u T[j nkgDh FKsh t`Xk fdzdk j?.
id ;kvh ;fjB Fesh dk Gzvko ykbh j' iKdk j? L
id ;kvh Fesh ysw j' iKdh j? ns/ fdB jkb/ pkeh j[zdk j?.
id ;kv/ fJbk} ;k~ E`ek fdzd/ jK.
;kv/ fgsk t`b' Gog{oh dk ezw jkb/ F[o{ jh j[zdk j?.
T[; d/ fgnko dh ;hwk Bjh. T[; dh feogk dk e'Jh wkg Bjh
T[; dh ;kwoE dh ;hwk s' fJB;kB ikD{ Bjh.
6
f:;[{ nkgD/ n;hw XB ftù'
T[j fdzdk j?, j'o fdzdk j? ns/ T[j c/o fdzdk j?.##
id n;h T[; dh feogk dk nB[Gt eod/ jK ;k~ nkgD/ eFNK ft`u
nkBzd eoBk ukjhdk j? fijV/ ;k~ T[; y'} s`e n`r/ b? e/ iKd/ jB.
nrbhnK fszB nkfJsK ft`u, g"b{; fJ; ftXh dk toDB eodk j? @@fBok fJj'
Bjh ;r' fpgsK ft`u th nGwkB eohJ/ feT[ i' fJj ikDd/ jK GJh fpgsk
Xhoi g?dk eodh j?, ns/ Xhoi fdqVsk ns/ fdqVsk nk; g?dk eodh j?, ns/
nk; FofwzfdnK Bjh eodh fJ; bJh i' gow/Fo dk gq/w gft`so nkswk d/
t;hb/ Bkb i' ;k~ fd`sk frnk ;kfvnK fjofdnK ftù gkfJnk j'fJnk j?.##(3-5)
g'b[; fJBK nkfJsK d/ okjh ;k~ d`; fojk j? fe gow/Fo dh fJ`Sk
;k~ ed/ th T[BK n`r/ Bjh b? e/ ikt/rh fiE/ ;k~ gow/Fo dh ;[ofynK gqkgs
Bjh j[zdh. c/o th, gow//Fo dh fJ`Sk brksko ;kvh nrtkJh eodh j? fiE/
e/tb gow/Fo dh feogk ;k~ ;[ofys o`ydh j?. fJj ;funkJh ne;o ;k~
;kv/ d[`yK d/ nB[Gt s' pkjo ezYdh j?. g'b[; fbydk j? fe ;kv/ @@d[`y g?dk
eod/ jB.@@ id n;h nkgDh fpgsk ;fjB Bjh eo ;ed/ ns/ gow/Fo s'_
sp/Bsh eod/ jK fe ;kv/ T[`s/ nkgDh feogk eo/ fijVh ;kv/ e'b j'Dh ukjhdh
j? T[; t/b/ fJ`e nksfwe ;kwoE ;kv/ nzdo g?dk j[zdh j? fi; dk nB[tkd
n?E/ @@Xhoi## j?. :{BkBh Fpd @@j'g' w'B## j?. n;b ft`u fJj d' Fpd jB,
fi; dk noE, @@gkbB eoBk## ns/ @@nXhB## j?.
nfijk ;wK nkT[_dk j? id n;h nkgD/ nkg ~ w[Feb ;fEsh ft`u
gkT[_d/ j? ns/ id n;h S[Neko/ d/ bJh gqG{ ~ g[ekod/ jK, T[j ;kvh gqkoEBk
;[D e/ T[; dk itkp fdzdk j? ns/ ;k~ T[; efmB ;fEsh ft`u' S[vkT[_dk j?.
fJ;/ soK d{i/ ;fwnK ft`u, T[j ;k~ S[Nekok sK Bjh fdzdk go ;k~ feogk
fdzdk j? sK fe dpkT[ ns/ fpgsh fijhnK n"eVk ft`u th gqG{ dh nkfrnk
dk gkbB eod/ efjJ/.
g'b[; B/ fcfb`ghnK d/ b'eK ~ fejk fe T[; d/ bJh gqkoEBk eo' sK
i' T[j e?d ft`u' S[vkfJnk ikt/ ns/ T[; B/ S[Nekok gkfJnk. c/o th g'b[;
dh fJ`e ;wf;nk ;h fi; dk toDB T[; B/, @@w/o/ ;oho ft`u fJ`e ezvK
u[GkfJnk frnk## d/ o{g ft`u ehsk j?, fi; d/ bJh w+ ;theko eodk jK fe
fJj T[; dh f;js ;zpzXh go/FkBh ;h. :{BkB ft`u, g'b[; rbkshnK ~ d`;dk
s/y e/ T[j E[`eBk ukj[zd/ ;B, iK n?Bh fGnkBe ;h T[; ~ t/y T[BKQ ~ T[bNh
nkT[D ~ j' iKdh ;h. id T[j gfjbh tko rbkshnK ft`u dkyb j'fJnk, sK
nkswk B/ T[; ~ nkf;nk ft`u ikD s'_ wzBk eo fd`sk. nkgD/ gquko ;zpzXh
:ksok d/ T[; w"e/, T[; dk gq/wh d';s vkeNo b{ek T[; d/ Bkb nk fwfbnk,
fi; B/ o;{bK d/ eos`p feskp ~ fbfynk j? fi; B/ ;otBkw ~ @@T[j##s'_
@@n;h## ft`u spdhb ehsk. (rbkshnK 4L15, 6L11l o;{bK d/ eos`p 9L8, 18l
16L6,10) T[; B/ fszB tko gow/Fo ~ p/Bsh eoe/ fejk fe T[; ~ fJ; fpwkoh
s'_ nikd eo. gow/Fo B/ g'b[; ~ fJj itkp fd`sk fe T[j T[; ~ S[Nekok
7

Bjh d/t/rk, go T[j T[; ~ feogk d/t/rk sK fe n"y/ ;w/_ ft`u, @@nkfrnk dk
gkbB nXhB j' e/ eo/## (2e[fozEhnK 12L7-10). g'b[; nkgD/ ftneshrs
nB[Gt s'_ fJj ikDdk ;h fe T[j o'w d/ ftFtk;hnK ~ eh toDB eo fojk
j? ns/ eh nkd/F d/ fojk j?.
T[j fbydk j? fe fJj fJ; soK dk ezw eodk j? L id gow/Fo ;k~
feogk fdzdk j? nkgDh w[FebK dk ;kjwDk eoB d/ bJh sd ;kv/ ufo`so
ft`u Xhoi dk fJ`e r[D gqrN iK g?dk j' iKdk j?, fijVk fJ`e pj[s jh g`ek
;p{s pD iKdk j? fe gow/Fo ft`u e"D ns/ eh jK< T[j nkydk j? fe fJ`e
;zsoK fJ`e ;zsok jh pDdk j? feT[_fe ;XkoB o{g d/ Bkb T[j nkgDh EK s/
jh ofjzdk j? id s`e fe T[j fJ`e ;zsoK Bjh pD iKdk. g'b[; d/ nB[;ko,
fJj fJè yk; ;fEsh j[zdh j? fiE/ Xhoi d/ Bkb yokJh g?dk j[zdh j?. ns/
yo/ fBe`bD d/ Bkb nk; g?dk j[zdh j?. T[j fJj th fbydk j? fe nk; ft`u
p/fJish Bjh j[zdh. n;b ft`u T[; d/ fbyD dk noE j? fe @@nk; ft`u jcok
scoh Bjh j[zdh.## (o'whnK 5L5) fJ; dk noE fJj j? fe fJ`e u/bk fi; dk
;[GkT[ f;`X j' u[`fenk j? T[j nfij/ n"y/ ;EkB ft`u nkgDk xo Bjh S`v/rk
fi; soK :{jzBk woe[; B/ nkgDh gfjbh fwFBoh :ksok ft`u id T[j ;skJ/
rJ/ ;h S`v fd`sk ;h (o;{bK d/ eos`p 15L37-40).
1977 ft`u gkfe;skB ns/ ncrkBh;skB d/ ftù ;hwk T[s/ fwFBoh
b'eK ~ fwbD s/, w+ fJj f;fynk fe fJ`e ;G s' wjs`tg{oD :'rsk fijVh
fwFBoh ;';kfJNh d/ nr{t/ fJ`e fwFBoh ftnesh ft`u bGd/ jB T[j ~ n;h
fJj nky ;ed/ jK, @@fJ`e EK s/ ;fEo ofjD dh :'rsk## - fJ`e EK s/ ofjD
dh :'rsk fiE/ gow/Fo B/ s[jk~ o`fynk j?. eh s[;h fe;/ ftd/Fh ;z;feqsh
tkbh EK ft`u ik ;ed/ j', fit/_ fe e[M fwFBoh vkeNo fiBKQ ~ T[; n"yh
;z;feqsh tkbh EK ft`u G/fink frnk ns/ T[j T[E/ 15-20 iK 25 ;kb s'_ ofj
oj/ jB < eh s[;h T[E/ w;hj fijK ihtB fJ; soK dk ih ;ed/ j' fe s[jkvk
ihtB w;hj tKr ;[rzd G`fonk j't/, f:;{ w;h d/ ;[;wkuko dk fJ`e eEB
fi; dk yzvB Bjh ehsk ik ;edk T[BKQ b'eK d/ bJh fijV/ w;hj d/ ns/
T[; d/ u/fbnK d/ fto'Xh jB <
fwFBoh ;';kfJNh T[jBK ftneshnK ~ b`G ojh j? fiBKQ d/ ;[GkT[
ft`u r[D j'D, feT[_fe T[j ikDd/ jB fe fJ`e fwFBoh d/ cbdk:e, bzp/ ;w/
d/ bJh, ns/ fybk\ jbks ;z;feqsh ftù ezw eoB d/ bJh Xhoi o`yD dh
:'rsk pj[s io{oh j?. finkdkso fwFBoh e/tb gquko dk jh ezw Bjh eod/
jB go w[ykb\ ;z;feqsh d/ wj"b ft`u ihfts w;hj dh u[B"sh j[zd/ jB.id
s`e fe s[;h T[BKQ b'eK s`e gj[zuDk ukj', @@w;hj dk ;kv/ woBjko ;oho ft`u
gqrN j'Dk,## fi; d/ Fpd ebhf;nk d/ fJsjk; ft`u T[; wjkB fwFBoh d/
FpdK s'_ fwbd/ jB (2efozEhnK 4L11).
sd T[j fJ`e u/b/ d/ nB[Gt dk toDB eodk j? fi; dh gqhfynk
ehsh rJh ns/ ;skT[ d/ okjh T[; ~ ;theko eo fbnk j't/, id T[j fbydk
j? fe @@gft`so nkswk d/ okjh fijVk ;k~ fd`sk frnk j? gow/Fo dk gq/w
8
;kv/ wBK ft`u gkfJnk frnk j?. fJ; ~ toDB eoB d/ bJh fJ`e j'o sohek
th j' ;edk j? fijVk g'b[; B/ fes/ j'o toDB ehsk j? fe nkswk d/ Bkb
gfog{oB (ekp{ ft`u) j[zd/ ikT[ (nc;hnk 5L18). nfijk th j' ;edk j? fi;
dk toDB f:;{ B/ nkgDh nkyoh wjkB wB'tohXh d/ pko/ ft`u ehsk id T[;
B/ fJ`e poes ~ T['BKQ d/ T[`s/ x'fFs ehsk fijVk Xow d/ ekoB ;skJ/ iKd/
jB (w`sh 5L10).
eh s[;h ikD ;ed/ j' fe g'b[; B/ nfijk feT[ fbfynk j? fe ;k~
nkgD/ d[`yK ft`u nkBzd eoBk ukjhdk j? < feT[_fe fpgsk d/ Bkb Xhoi, yok
fB`ebDk ns/ nk; g?dk j[zdh j? (@@fJ`e EK ;fEs ofjD tkfbnK dh :'rsk##)
iK c/o bzp/ ;w/ dh fpgsk ft`u Xhoi o`yDk fijVk eh n"yk fuokrdkB ~ S`v
e/ iK G`i e/ Bjh ikt/rk fi; d/ T[`s/ :[XfBsh d/ bJh ih T[`m/ j'J/, ihfts
w;hj d/ okjh nzXeko tkb/ ;z;ko ftù i'sh d/D d/ bJh n;h fbnkJ/ rJ/
jK. gow/Fo sd nfij/ u/b/ ~ nkgD/ fgnko d/ Bkb G`o fdzdk j?, fi; dk
Bshik j? iK T[; y[p;[os ;funkJh dk Bshik j? fe gft`so nkswk f:;{ d/
fJ`e u/b/ ~ fB:zsqB ft`u o`y fojk j?.
@@feT[_fe id n;h ewi'o ;h sK w;hj mhe ;w/_ s/ GrshjhBk d/ bJh
wfonk. fe;/ Xowh d/ bJh e'Jh wo/, fJj sK n"yh jh r`b j?, go eh ikDhJ/
fe;/ G`b/ wB[`y d/ bJh e'Jh woB dk j";bk eo/. go gow/Fo ;kv/ T[`s/ nkgD/
gq/w dh GfbnkJh fJ; ohs d/ Bkb gqrN eod/ jK fe id n;h gkgh jh ;h
sd jh w;hj ;kv/ bJh wfonk.;' id' n;h j[D T[j d/ bj{ Bkb Xowh
mfjokJ/ rJ/ sK fJ; Bkb' pj[s tX e/ n;h T[j d/ okjh T[; e'qX s'_ pu
iktKr/, feT[_fe id' n;h t?oh j' e/ gow/Fo Bkb T[j d/ g[sZo dh w"s d/
t;hb/ fwbkJ/ rJ/ sK fwbkJ/ ik e' n;h fJ; Bkb' pj[s tX e/ T[j d/ ihtB
d/ d[nkok pu iktKr/, ns/ fBok fJj' Bjh ;r' n;h gow/Fo T[`s/ Gh nkgD/
gqG{ f:;{ w;hj d/ t;hb/ Bkb fi; eoe/ n;h j[D fwbkJ/ rJ/ nGwkB eod/
jK## (o'whnK 5L6-11).
g'b[; j[D ;zy/g ft`u ;[;wkuko dh gfjbh tk;sftesk d/ T[`s/ nkgDk
i'o d/ e/ fpnkB eodk j? fe gow/Fo dk gq/w n;XkoB j? feT[_fe gow/Fo
B/ ;kv/ Bkb w;hj ft`u ns/ T[; dh w"s d/ okjh id fe n;h GrshjhB, gkgh
ns/ gow/Fo d/ t?oh ;B ;kv/ Bkb gq/w ehsk. fJj fGnkBe ;funkJh j? fe
T[; B/ f:;{ w;hj d/ okjh ;kv/ Bkb fgnko ehsk ns/ eodk j? fJ; r`b
~ ;gFN eodh j? fe n;h g{oh soK d/ Bkb gow/Fo d/ fgnko d/ n:'r
;h ns/ jK. ;kvh GN`eh j'Jh jkbs d/ Bkb gow/Fo dh tfvnkJh ns/ wjkBsk
gqrN j[zdh j? Bk fe ;kvh nSkJh, Bk jh n;h nkgD/ T[dko d/ :'r ;h. fJ;
bJh @@feogk## Fpd dk w{b noE, @@T[j feogk fi; d/ n;h :'r th Bk ;h## j?.
c/o T[j ;[;wkuko dh d{ih tk;sftesk dk S/sh toDB eodk j? id
T[j fJj io{oh gqFB g[`Sdk j? L@@feT[_fe t?oh dh jkbs ft`u sK T[; d/ g[sZo
dh w"s d/ okjh ;kvk w/b gow/Fo d/ Bkb j'fJnk c/o w/b j' ikD s/ T[;
d/ ihtB d/ ekoB n;h T[dko feT[_ Bk gqkgs eoKr/ < T[j ;k~ d`;dk j? fe
9

w/o/ ns/ s[jkv/ tor/ gkghnK ~ ;[;wkuko dhnK fJBK d'jK ;funkJhnK dk
fBjuk eoBk ukjhdk j? id T[j fJ; Fpd @@w/b j' ikD## dk toDB eodk j?.
gow/Fo d/ Bkb w/b j' ikD dk wjs`tg{oD Bshik fJj j? id n;h
nkgD/ gqG{ f:;{ w;hj d/ ftu` ftFtk; d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jK T[j
gow/Fo d/ Bkb tkuk j' rJh j?. shih tko g'b[; ;k~ nkBzd j'D d/ bJh
T[s;kfjs eodk j?, sK i' n;h nfijk ihtB pshs eo ;ehJ/ fi; s'_ gow/
Fo dh wfjwk j't/. ;k~ nkgD/ eFNK ft`u th nkBzd eoBk j? feT[_fe T[j
;k~ gow/Fo dh feogk s`e gj[zukD d/ bJh T[s;kfjs eodk j?. nkyo ft`u
T[j ;k~ nkBzd eoB d/ bJh T[s;kfjs eodk j? feT[_fe gow/Fo d/ Bkb
;kvk w/b j' u[`ek j?.
fJ; nfXnkfJ d/ n`X/ Gkr fj`;/ ft`u, 12th_ nkfJs d/ F[o{ ft`u g'b[;
fbydk j? fe i' T[; d/ ;ko/ b/yK dh r`bpks ft`u' ;GBK s'_ n"yh j' ;edh
j?. w+ c/o s'_ vkeNo v/ftv ;N{nov tfo;e' dk XzBtkdh jK fe T[BKQ B/ fJ;
ftF/ ~ ;XkoB go FkBdko sohe/ d/ Bkb ;oKF ehsk j?, fijVk fe ;ù w[ù
Bt/_ B/w dh ebhf;nk d/ XowFk;so d/ fdb ftù j?.
uko fti/sk
w/o/ ;G s' finkdk wzB g;zd pkJhpb nfXnB nfXnkge d/ nB[;ko
fJ; g?o/ ft`u g'b[; ;k~ uko fti/sktK d/ pko/ d`;dk j?. fJBKQ ftu' jo fJ`e
fti/sk ;z;ko ft`u dkyb j[zdk j?. T[j fJ; ;z;ko ft`u pj[s t`vh frDsh ft`u
j[zd/ jB id s`e fe T[j Fk;B eoB iK fi`s gqkgs eoB. gfjb/ fti/sk ~
@@gkg dk okik## fejk ik ;edk j?. g'b[; fJ; r`b dk e'Jh b/yk Bjh fdzdk
fe fet/_ gkg dkyb j'fJnk, iK fJ; ;z;ko ft`u iK ;kv/ ihtBK ft`u dkyb
ehsk. T[j e/tb fJ; em'o ;funkJh ~ ;theko eodk j? fe gkg ns/
p[fonkJh n?E/ j? ns/ ;kv/ ftneshrs ihtBK ftù th Gog{oh d/ Bkb jk}o j?.
p[fonkJh dh F[o{nks fJ`e nfijh n"yh j? fi; dk Xow frnkBhnK
ns/ ftfrnkB d/ wkjo b'eK B/ j}koK ;kb s`e fJ; dk ftuko ehsk j?.
fijV/ ftFtk;h jB T[j fJ; dk noE ;gFN Bjh eo ;ed/, fe id ;G e[M
fijVk gow/Fo B/ pDkfJnk uzrk ;h sK p[fonkJh c/o feE' nk rJh. pkJhpb
th fJBK FeshnK d/ pko/ ;funkJh ~ ;theko eodh j? fe i' gow/Fo d/ ns/
i' e[M Gbk j? T[; d/ t?oh jB, go ;gFN ohs d/ Bkb Bjh d`f;nk frnk
fe feT[_ ns/ fet/_ gow/Fo B/ T[BKQ ~ n?E/ ofjD dh nB[wsh fd`sh j?.
id n;h T[; ;gFNheoB d/ B/V/ ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb nkT[d/ jK
fijVk fJ; T[dkojD ft`u j?, fijVk f:;{ d/ eoD ns/ izrbh dkD/ d/
pko/ ft`u f;ykfJnk (w`sh 13L24-30). n`Sk phi phihnk frnk go fJ;
phih j'Jh c;b ~ yokp ehsk frnk, j' ;edk j? fe oks d/ t/b/ id
e'Jh ftnesh fijVk fJj Bjh ukj[zdk ;h fe fJ; fe;kB dh uzrh c;b j't/
sK nk e/ T[; B/ e[M yokp phi T[; d/ y/s ft`u gk fd`sk fijVk fe eDe
d/ tork jh fdydk ;h. id d't/_ phi t`XD br/, ns/ d'jK ft`u coe t/yDk
n"yk ;h. ;tkb fJj g[`fSnk frnk ns/ T[; dk itkp fd`sk frnk j? L@@eh
10
s{z nkgD/ y/s ftù uzrk phi Bjh phihnk ;h < c/o izrbh dkD/ feE' nk rJ/ <
T[; dk itkp fJj j? l @@fJj fe;/ t?oh dk ezw j?.##
w+ c/o u/s/ eoKT[_dk jK fe w{;k d/ tKr fi; dk f}eo e{u dh feskp
ft`u nkfJnk j?, g'b[; fJBK uko fti/sktK ~ w[y o{g d/ Bkb fJ; soK gqrN
eo fojk j? fit/_ T[j n`i th j?. T[; dh fJ; r`b d/ ;oKF ~ cV e/ oy'
- fijVk T[j T[BKQ gkghnK ~ f;yk fojk j? fijV/ Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB fe
fet/_ T[j gow/Fo dh feogk s`e ftFtk; d/ okjh gj[zu ;ed/ jB, ns/ c/o
mhe ohs d/ Bkb fJ; gkg d/ Bkb Go/ ;z;ko ft`u popkdh t`b t`X oj/ jB.
T[j ;k~ nkydk j? fe gkg okik ;kv/ ;z;ko ft`u ns/ ;kv/ ihtB ft`u
dkyb j[azdk j?. T[; dh e'fFF fJj j[zdh j? fe T[j ;kvh fizdrh ft`u c?b
ikt/ ns/ ;kv/ ;z;ko ft`u, id s`e T[j ;k~ fi`s Bjh iKdk ns/ ;kv/ T[`s/
oki Bjh eodk. fJ`e pi{or gkdoh B/ w+~ f;ykfJnk, @@s[;h gkg d/ Bkb
finkdk d/o Bjh ofj ;ed/ fizBh d/o s[;h e+;o dh fpwkoh d/ Bkb ofj ;ed/
j' !## w;hj d/ jo/e FoXkb{ ~ fJj ikD b+Dk io{oh j? fe gkg fJ`e i/s{
j?. id gkg fJ; ;z;ko ft`u dkyb j' iKdk j? iK ;kv/ ihtB ft`u dkyb j'
iKdk j?, T[; dh fJ`Sk ;h ns/ j? fe T[j T[; t/b/ s`e s`oeh eo/ id s`e
T[j ;kv/ ihtB ft`u fi`s jk;b Bjh eo b+dk ns/ ;kv/ T[s/ T[; dk oki Bjh
j' iKdk.
d{ik i/s{ ~ fi; ~ g'b[; fJ; f;bf;b/ ft`u gqrN eodk j?, @@w"s
okik j?##. T[j nrb/ nfXnkfJ ~ fJ; ;oKF d/ Bkb ysw eodk j? fe gkg
;k~ T[; dh fdjkVh fdzdk j? ns/ fijVh fdjkVh ;k~ gkg d/ pM' fwbdh j?
T[j jw/Fk w"s j[zdh j?. id T[j fJ; w"s tkb/ o{ge dh r`b eodk j? sK
T[j ysw w"s d/ Bkb io{o eodk j? go T[; dk noE fJ; s'_ ehs/ t`X j[zdk
j?. T[j ;kv/ ihtB ns/ ;kv/ ;z;ko ft`u gkg d/ ;ko/ BshfinK ~ w's d/ Bkb
gqrN eodk j?. id gkg okik ;kv/ ihtB ft`u dkyb j' iKdk j? T[; d/ Bkb
jw/Fk w"s j[zdh j?.
ip{oK dk g[okBk ns/ gq/fos b/ye fJj x'fFBk eodk j? fe ;k~ ;GBK
~ nkgD/ j`EK dh fwjBs dh o'Nh ykDh ukjhdh j? (ip{o 128L2). fJj eth
;k~ d`;dk j? L @@S/sh iK d/o d/ Bkb jo/e ~ fi`s dh T[; dkts ft`u Fkwb
j'Dk j?.## f:;{ B/ th fJ; ;funkJh d/ T[`s/ i'o fd`sk j? fe fijVk th n;h
c?;bk eod/ jK T[j ;k~ fi`s t`b b? e/ iKdk j? (w`sh 7L13-27). fJ; v{zx/
go;zr ft`u g'b[; th T[;/ ;funkJh ~ f;ykT[_dk j? id T[j fJj n?bkB eodk
j? fe gkg okik jw/Fk gkg d/ Bkb u`bdk j?.
gfjb/ d' i/s{nK ~ wkVh ypo d/ Bkb i'V ;ed/ jK. id fe shi/
ns/ u"E/ i/s{ uzrh ypo jB. shiK i/s{ f:;{ okik j?. g'b[; d/ okjh fJ; ys
d/ ft`u g/F ehsk frnk ;[;wkuko fJj j? fe f:;{ fJ; ;z;ko ft`u dkyb j'
frnk j?. T[; fJ; ;z;ko ft`u T[; t/b/ s`e pj[skns d/ Bkb ezw eodk fojk
id s`e T[; B/ gkg, d[FNk ns/ FskB d/ T[`s/ fi`s jk;b Bjh eo bJh. fJ`e
fdB nkgD/ oki ft`u oki eo/rk fi; dk nzs Bjh j't/rk.
11

f:;{ w;hj fJ; ;z;ko d/ ft`u j'D tkb/ fe;/ th ftiJh s'_ t`vk j?
d' dFeK s' T[j g{oh d[fBnk ft`u b'eK d/ ihtBK ft`u fi`s jk;b eo fojk
j?. fJ`e fdB nfijk nkt/rk id T[j fi`s jk;b eo/rk ns/ fJ; ;z;ko ft`u
jo oki d/ b'eK ft`u, tz; ns/ ozr tkb/ b'eK d/ T[s/ fi`s jk;b ehsh ns/
oki ehsk j?. (w`sh 24L14, gqekF dh g"Eh 5L9) pkJhpb dh nkyoh feskp d/
nB[;ko, fJè fdB f:;{ g{oh soK i/s{ j't/rk ns/ okfinK dk okik ns/ gqG{nK
dk gqG{ j't/rk.
u/s/ o`y', fJj ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb g'b[; n?E/ ftnes eodk j? fe
gow/Fo dh feogk ~ gqkgs eoBk ;zGt j?, fijVk ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb ihT[D
dh Fesh fdzdk j?, fit/_ b'eK ~ fijV/ Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB ofjDk ukjhdk
j?. Bt/_ B/w ft`u ;G s'_ gqGkT[Fkbh ;funkJh ;[;wkuko j? fe T[jh f:;{ fijVk
fJ; irs ft`u ;k~ gkgK s'_ S[Nekok d/D d/ bJh nkfJnk - id fe T[j
w[ofdnK ft`u' ih T[fmnk j? - ihfts w;hj d/ o{g ftù T[j nì th s[jkv/
ihtB ft`u dkyb j' ;edk j?.
id f:;{ B/ fJ; ;z;ko ft`u gqt/F ehsk ns/ id T[j ;kv/ ihtBK ft`u
n`i dkyb j[zdk j?, T[; dh fJ`Sk pj[s finkdk j? fe T[j ;kv/ ihtBK ft`u
oj/ id s`e fe T[j s[jkv/ ns/ w/o/ ihtB ft`u oki Bk eo/ (o'whnK 5L17).
T[; B/ fJj x'FBk ehsh fe T[j fJ; bJh nkfJnk fe n;h ihtB gkJhJ/ ns/
pj[skns dk ihtB gkJhJ/ (:{jzBk 10L10). fJ; s'_ s[jkv/ ns/ w/o/ wB ft`u
e[M ;tkb T[mD/ ukjhd/ jB L eh w+ ftFtk; d/ okjh f:;{ w;hj ft`u Xowh
mfjokfJnk frnk jK < eh w+ jkb/ th gkg okik, ns/ T[; d/ @@i[Vt/## w"s
okik d/ okjh brksko i/s{ ehsk iKdk jK < eh w+ brksko @@BshfinK dh
dkts## yk fojk jK fijV/ w+~ ns/ T[BKQ ~ fijV/ w+~ ikDd/ jB fJj
ftykT[_dk j? fe w+ jkb/ th fJBK d'jK okfinK d/ okjh jokfJnk iKdk jK

nfXnkfX 2
@@d' soK d/ r[bkw##
(6L1L23)
fJB;kB fe; soK dk ihtB pshs eodk j?, i' e[M w;hj f:;{ B/
ehsk j? T[; d/ t;hb/ d/ Bkb e"D ftFtk; d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ iKd/ jB<
fijV/ b'e Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB T[BKQ dk ihtB fej' fijk j'Dk ukjhdk j?<
fJ; soK ihT[D d/ bJh T[jBK ~ skes feE' fwbdh j?< gzit/_ nfXnkfJ s'_
F[o{ j'fJnk ftF/ fJj' jh j? fijVk n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ s`e u`bdk j?.
S/t/_ nfXnkfJ dhnK m'; r`bK
id n;h fJ; nfXnkfJ ft`u gj[zu/ jK, sK T[; ft`u fJ`e nfijk tuB
j? fi; dk g'b[; nkgD/ o{ge ft`u fJ; soK fJ;s/wkb eodk j?L@@w+ wB[ZyK
tkbh r`b eodk j? ;' fit/_ s[;K nkgD/ nzr rzd wzd.##(19) fJ; ft`u fJj
th ;funkJh j? fijVh fJ; ftF/ d/ T[`s/ ftF/F i'o fdzdh j? ns/ fJ; g{o/
nfXnkfJ dk nfXnB T[; d/ o'FBh ft`u ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?L@@gkg s[jkvh
woBjko d/jh ftù oki Bk eo/ feT[_ i' s[jkv/ T[`s/ dh tkj Bk ub/rh.##(12 -14)
fJ; nfXnkfJ dh gfjbh nkfJs ns/ gzit/_ nfXnkfJ dh nkyoh
nkfJs ~ nkg; ft`u i'V'. id fe T[j gzit/_ nfXnkfJ d/ nzs ft`u nkydk
j? fe id gkg pkjbk j'fJnk sK feogk th pkjbh j'Jh, ns/ S/t/_ nfXnkfJ
dh F[o{nks fJ; gqFB d/ Bkb eodk j? fe T[; dh ;'u j? fe j' ;edk j?
fe gVB tkb/ T[; ~ fJj g[`SDk ukjDr/, @@eh n;h gkg eod/ ikJhJ/ fe ;kv/
T[`s/ pj[sh feogk ehsh ikt/

Bk e'Jh j'fJnk ns/ Bk jh j' ;edk j? ns/ T[j T[dkjoD dk fJ;s/wkb th
pj[s jh uzr/ sohe/ d/ Bkb eodk ;h. g'b[; B/ f;fynk d/D dk sohek th
T[; ihfts w;hj s'_ jh f;fynk, fi; B/ g'b[; ~ nop d/ o/fr;skB ft`u
f;ykfJnk fi; dk toDB T[; B/ rbkshnK ~ fbyd/ j'J/ ehsk j? (rbkshnK
1-2L10). fJj fJ; nfXnkfJ d/ o{ge dh ftF/F nkfJs j? fi; ft`u fJj
d`f;nk frnk j? fe g'b[; T[; T[sw nfXnkge d/ edwK d/ s[o fojk j? fi;
d/ pokpo fJ; ;z;ko ft`u ed/ e'Jh Bjh j'fJnk fi; B/ nkgDh f;fynk pj[s
jh ;gFN sohe/ d/ Bkb fd`sh.
fJ; nfXnkfJ ft`u j'o th eJh nfij/ Fpd jB fiBK s'_ ;k~ fJj
gsk b`rdk j? fe fet/_ ;k~ fJBK dk nB[tkd eoBk ukjhdk j? ns/ nkgD/
gkg d/ fJ; ;zxoF ft`u fet/_ T[BK dh tos' eoBh ukjhdh j?. gzith nkfJs
dk fXnkB eo' fi; ft`u g'b[; fbydk j? fe ;k~ w;hj d/ tKr T[; dh w"s
ns/ ihtkb/ ikD ft`u pDBk j?. ns/ 11 tuB ft`u T[j fbydk j?, @@fJ;/ soK
s[;h Gh nkgD/ nkg ~ gkg d/ t`b' w'J/ j'J/ go w;hj f:;{ ft`u gow/Fo bJh
ihT[_d/ ;wM'.## :{BkBh Fpd dh n?E/ g'b[; tos' eodk j?, fi; dk nB[tkd
fJ; soK ehsk iKdk j? @@;wM'## fJj e[M frnkBhnK B/ ;bkj fd`sh j?, fi;
~ fJ; soK gfVnK iKdk j?, @@fJ;/ soK s[;h Gh nkgD/ nkg ~ gkg d/ t`b'
w'J/ j'J/ go w;hjh f:;{ ft`u gow/Fo bJh ihT[_d/ ;wM'.##
id n;h fJ; nfXnkfJ dk nfXnB eo oj/ jK sK fJj ;kv/ bJh
pj[s jh wjs`tg{oD r`b j?. g'b[; dk fJj noE Bjh j? fe n;h tk;sfte
o{g d/ Bkb wo/ j[zd/ jK ! fJ`e wfonk ftnesh gkg Bjh eodk ns/ wo/ j'J/
ftnesh dh ed/ gkg eoB iK gkg d/ bJh gqhfynk Bjh j[zdh. i/ n;h wo/
j'J/ jK, sK gkg fe;/ soK th ;kv/ bJh e'Jh ;wf;nk Bjh j' ;edh. ;kvh
;wf;nk fJj j? fe n;h gkg d/ bJh Bjh wo/. g'b[; ;k~ f;fynk d/ fojk
j? fe ;k~ gkg ns/ gqhfynk d/ gqsh fJ; soK itkp d/Dk j? fit/_ n;h T[;
d/ bJh wo/ j'J/ jK.
fJ`e g?db u`bD tkbk ftnesh fijVk pj[s jh finkdk Fokp gh_dk
j? ;G s'_ gfjbk T[; EK s/ g[fink fiE/ w'No dh d[oxNBk j[zdh j?. fijVk
ftnesh N`eo ykD d/ pknd }ywh j'fJnk ;Ve d/ fJè gk;/ b[Vedk j'fJnk
fJj nkydk j?, @@w/o/ bJh fJ`e n?wfpT{bz; wzrtkT ! w/o/ bJh fJ`e n?wfpT{bz;
wzrtkT ! fJj g?db s[o fojk Fokph T[; dk itkp fdzdk j? L @@s{z nkg fJ`e
n?wfpT[bz; j?. id ;kv/ ;kjwD/ gkg eoB dh gqhfynk nkT[_dh j?, g'b[;
s[jk~ ns/ w+~ fJe u[B"sh fdzdk j?, fe n;h nkgD/ nkg ~ fJj nkyhJ/,
@@w+~ fJ`e w[odk ftnesh jK.##
j'o d{finK d/ tKr, id w/o/ ihtB ft`u spdhbh nkJh, w+ T[; fdB
~ ed/ th Bjh G[`b ;edk fe fijV/ w/o/ Bkb gkg d/ Gkrh ;B w/o/ fJ; c?;b/
s'_ pj[s jh T[dk; j'J/ ;B, id w+ fJj fejk ;h fe j[D w+ j'o T[BKQ d/ gkg
d/ ezwK ft`u T[BKQ dk ;kE Bjh d/tKrk. id w+ T[BKQ ft`u' fJ`e ~ fejk fe
w+ c?;bk eo fbnk j? fe ;/tekJh eoB d/ bJh f;fynk gqkgs eoKrk, sK
16
T[; B/ w+~ fejk w+~ nc;'; j? feT[_fe w+ brGr wo jh frnk j?. T[; B/
e[obkT[Dk F[o{ eo fd`sk l@@s{z sK pj[s jh uzrk fdydk ;h.##
id w+ nkgDk BK w;hjh :{fBto;Nh ft`u f;fynk d/ bJh do}
eokfJnk, sK w+~ nFhF fwbh ns/ w+~ nkgD/ gfjb/ pkJhpB nfXnB ft`u
T[s;kfjs ehsk frnk T[; r`b d/ okjh fijVh g'b[; B/ rbkshnK ~ fbyh
gqsh d/ nzs ftù ;oKF d/ o{g ftù fbyh j?. T[; B/ fJj n?bkB ehsk fe
f:;{ w;hj dh ;bhp d/ okjh ;z;ko B/ T[; ~ ;{bh d/ ukV fd`sk ns/ T[j
;z;ko d/ bJh ;{bh s/ uV frnk. d{i/ FpdK ft`u ;bhp B/ fJ; ;z;ko ~
T[j d/ bJh wofdnK tKr eo fd`sk ns/ T[; B/ nkgD/ nkg ~ T['BKQ d/ bJh
fijV/ T[; ~ ikDd/ ;B w[ofdnK d/ tKr pDk fd`sk (rbkshnK 6L14).
gfjbh fJ`e ;funkJh fi; s/ n?E/ g'b[; i'o d/ fojk j? T[j ;funkJh
j? fi; dk toDB T[j d{i/ nfXnkfJ ftù eodk j?. ns/ T[j ;funkJh j?
fe ;k~ ed/ th Xkofwe ohs d/ fg`S/ BJh ikDk ukjhdk T[; ;funkJh d// pr?o
fijVh ohs ~ gq;s{s eodh j?. ;kvk pgfs;wk ;kv/ ftFtk; dk nzrheko j?
fijVk fe :j{dhnK d/ ft`u ysBk d/ o{g ft`u ;h. ;k~ fJj ed/ th nkgD/
ohs tkb/ ftFtk; ~ e/tb pgfs;w/ d/ okjh ykbh Xkofwesk d/ uèo ftù
Bjh g+Dk ukjhdk ns/ ed/ nkgD/ ftFtk; ~ x`N Bjh j'D d/Dk ukjhdk fi;
dk e'Jh th ftFtk; dh ;funkJh dk noE Bjh j't/rk ns/ Bk jh ;kv/ ihfts
ihtkb/ j'J/ gqG{ dk nB[Gt j' ;e/rk.
id s[;h fJ; v{zxh ;funkJh ~ nkgD/ bJh gq:'r eod/ j' ns/ fJ;
dk nB[tkd eod/ j' sK fJj gfogq/y s[jkvh wdd eo/ sK i' s[;h fJ; gq/fos
nfXnkfJ d/ o{ge ~ uzrh soK ;wM ikT[.
i' e[M g'b[; B/ S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u f;fynk fd`sh T[; dk ;oKF
fijVh gfjbh ;funkJh d/ pko/ g'b[; d`;dk j? T[j pgfs;wk j?.T[;
dh ;funkJh j? fe id n;h gkDh ft`u j/mK iKd/ jK sK nkgD/ nkg ~ w;hj
d/ ft`u gkg d/ bJh wko fdzd/ jK id T[go nkT[_d/ jK sK nkgD/ nkg ~ w;hj
ft`u ihD dk fJeoko eod/ jK ns/ nkgD/ g[okB/ gkg tkb/ ihtB ~ gkDh d/
j/mK S`v fdzd/ jK. n;h gkDh ft`u' pkjo nkT[D ~ w;hj d/ ft`u ihtkb/ ikD
d/ tKr ikDd/ jK ns/ ;k~ g{oh soK gkg s'_ n}kd ihtB ihT[Dk j? (1-4).
n;b ft`u fJ; ;funkJh dk toDB g`it/_ nfXnkfJ dh d{ih nkfJs
ft`u g'b[; fJ; soK fbydk j? fe n;h ftFtk; d/ okjh feogk ft`u s[od/
jK fi; d/ ekoB n;h fJ; ;z;ko d/ ;kjwD/ yV/ j' ;ed/ jK ns/ nfijk
ihtB ih ;ed/ jK fi; s'_ gow/Fo dh wfjwk j't/.
nrbhnK ;s nkfJsK ft`u (5-11), T[j fJ; f;fynk ~ fJ; soK
bkr{ eodk fit/_ T[; ;funkJh ~ T[j ne;o nkgD/ ys ft`u fpnkB eodk
j?.@@fJ;/ soK s[;h Gh nkgD/ nkg ~ gkg d/ t`b' w'J/ j'J/ go w;hj f:;{ ft`u
gow/Fo bJh ihT[_d/ ;wM'.## (11) w+ fJ; ;funkJh ~ fJ; soK nkydk jK
@@;[;wkuko T[bNh j?.## ;XkoB sohe/ ft`u ;[;wkuko fJj j? fe ,@@w;hj fJ;
bJh wfonk fe s[;h ihT[_d/ oj'.## ;[;wkuko ftgohs o{g d/ Bkb ;XkoB j?,
17

@@j[D fJj s[jkvh tkoh j? fe l fe s[;h wo' ( nkgDh gkg d/ fJ`Sk ns/ nkgD/
;tkoE d/ bJh ) sK i' w;hj ihT[_dk oj/.##
g'b[; B/ fJj' ;funkJh w;hj d/ pko/ nkgD/ nB[Gt s'_ rbkshnK d/
b'eK ~ th f;ykJh fe ,@@w+ w;hj d/ Bkb ;bhp fd`sk frnk jK go j[D s'_
w+ Bjh ihT[_dk ;r' w;hj w/o/ ft`u ihT[_dk j? ns/ j[D fijVk ihtB ;oho ft`u
G'rdk jK ;' gow/Fo d/ g[sZo T[`s/ fBjuk Bkb G'rdk jK fi; B/ w/o/ Bkb
gq/w ehsk ns/ nkgD/ nkg ~ w/o/ bJh d/ fd`sk.## (rbkshnK 2L20)
nrbhnK fszB nkfJsK d/ ft`u fJ`e pj[s jh wjs`tg{oD Fpd @@fJ;
soK## dk g'b[; gq:'r eodk j? L
@@fJ;/ soK s[;h Gh nkgD/ nkg ~ gkg d/ t`b' w'J/ j'J/ go w;hj
f:;{ ft`u gow/Fo bJh ihT[_d/ ;wM', T[gozs gkg s[jkvh woBjko d/jh ft`u
oki Bk eo/ i' s[;h T[j fdnK p[fonk ftfFnk d/ nXhB j't', ns/ nkgD/ nzr
e[Xow d/ jfEnko pDk e/ gkg ~ Bk ;"g/ ;r' nkgD/ nkg ~ w[ofdnK ftu'
ih T[m/ j'J/ ikD e/ gow/Fo ~ ;"g fdT ns/ nkgD/ nzr Xow d/ jfEnko
pDk e/ gow/Fo ~ ;"g fdT[ feT[ i' s[jkv/ T[`s/ gkg dh tkj Bk ub/rh fJ;
bJh i' s[;h Fok d/ j/m Bjh ;r'_ feogk d/ j/m j'.##(12-14)
g'b[; @@fJ; bJh## Fpd dh tos'_ eodk j? sK i' n;h fJ; d/ okjh
gq/fos ;funkJh ~ ikD ;ehJ/ l T[j fJBK fszB nkfJsK ~ nkg; ft`u i'V fojk
j? fijVh r`bK ~ T[; B/ fJ; ;[;wkuko d/ ftgohs fbfynk j?. i' ;k~ gkg
d/ bJh woBk j? sK i' w;hj ;kv/ okjh ihT[_dk gqrN ehsk ikt/ go i/ n;h
brksko gkg eod/ ojhJ/ sK w;hj ;kv/ ft`u Bjh ofj ;edk. fJ; o;{b d/
bJh fJj ;'u s'_ pkjo dh r`b j?. id n;h Fok d/ nXhB j[zd/ jK ;kv/ e'b
gkg d/ T[s/ ihD d/ bJh feogk Bjh j?. jkbKfe feogk ns/ ;funkJh w;hj
/d/ okjh ;k~ fwbdh j? (:{jzBk 1L17), ;k~ gkg d/ nXhB ofjD dh e'Jh b'V
Bjh feT[_fe j[D ;kv/ e'b T[j feogk j? fi; d/ nB[;ko ;k~ ofjDk ukjhdk j?.
T[; d/ pknd T[j fJ; nfXnkfJ dh F[o{ eodk j? fi; ft`u T[j
r[bkwh d/ o{ge d/ pko/ r`b eodk j? L @@sK c/o eh< n;h gkg eohJ/ fJ;
bJh i' n;h Fok d/ j/m Bjh ;r' feogk d/ j/m jK < ed/ Bjh! Gbk, s[;h
Bjh ikDd/ j' GJh nkfrnk wzBD bJh fij d/ j`E s[;h nkgD/ nkg ~ dk;
pDk e/ ;"g fdzd/ j' s[;h T[; d/ dk; j' fij dh nkfrnk wzBd/ j' Gkt/_ w"s
d/ bJh gkg d/, Gkt/_ Xow d/ bJh nkfrnkekoh d/, go XzBtkd j? gow/Fo
dk fe Gkt/_ s[;h gkg d/ dk; ;kT go fi; f;`fynk d/ ;zu/ ft`u Ykb/ rJ/
s[;h wB' T[j d/ nkfrnkeko j' rJ/ ns/ gkg s'_ S`[N e/ s[;h Xow d/ dk;
pD rJ/.
w+ s[jkv/ ;oho dh d[opbskJh d/ ekoB wB[`yK tkbh r`b nkydk jK
;' fit/_ s[;K nkgD/ nzr rzd wzd ns/ e[Xow ;r' n`s e[Xow dh r[bkwh ft`u
;'g fd`s/ fst/_ j[D nkgD/ nzr Xow dh r[bkwh ft`u gft`so j'D bJh ;"g
fdU.## (6L15-19)
fit/_ w+ nkgD/ ftukoK dh bVh ft`u T[; nfGtkdB d/ okjh fijVk
18
g'b[; nkgD/ ysK ft`u eodk, fJj goy ehsh j?, fe id g'b[; B/ fJj gsqh
fbyh T[; t/b/ brGr o'w dh frDsh d/ n`X/ b'e r[bkwh ft`u ;B. T[j b'e
fijV/ g'b[; d/ tKr nikd g?dk j'J/ ;B, r[bkw j'D dk ftuko eoBk jh pj[s
fGnkBe ikgdk j?. fJj ;funkJh pj[s ;kwoEh ns/ BkfNJ/ sohe// d/ Bkb
gqrN ehsh rJh j? fe s[;h Gkt/ fe;/ dh th ;/tk eod/ j' s[;h T[; d/ r[bkw
j'. i/ s[;h gkg d/ fB:zsqB ft`u j', sK s[;h gkg d/ dk; j'.
i/ s[;h nkgD/ T[dko d/ bJh gqG{ f:;{ w;hj d/ T[`s/ Go';k ehsk j?
ns/ s[;h fJj c?;bk ehsk j? fe s[;h T[; ~ nkgDk gqG{ ej'r/, sK c/o gkg
dk r[bkw pDBk w;hj ft`u nkgD/ ftFtk; dk fJBeko eoBk j? ! (b{ek
6L46) s[jk~ gqG{ f:;{ w;hj dk dk; j'Dk ukjhdk j? ns/ e/tb T[;/ dk jh
dk;, fijVk s[jk~ gkg ns/ w"s d/ pzXB s' nikd eo/rk. fJj' ekoB j? fe
g'b[; nkgD/ ys ft`u nkgDh ikD gfjukD f:;{ w;hj d/ dk; iK r[bkw d/
o{g ft`u eotkT[dk j? (o'whnK 1L1 l fcfbghnK 1L1 l shs[; 1L1).
@@iK s[;h gkg d/ dk; ;kU sK Xow s' n}kd ;kU, ;' T[; t/b/ s[jk~
T[jBK r`bK s'_ eh ch fwfbnk fiBKQ eoe/ j[D s[jk~ b`fink nkT[_dh j? feT[
i' T[jBK dk T[Ve w"s j?< go j[D s[;h gkg s'_ S`[N e/ ns/ gow/Fo d/ dk;
pD d/ gftsoskJh d/ bJh nkgDk cb ns/ T[Ve ~ ;dhge ihtB gkT[_d/
j'.## (20-23)
S/t/ nfXnkfJ dhnK nkyoh uko nkfJsK ft`u T[j fJBeko Bk ehshnK
;funkfJnK d/ Bshi/ pko/ r`b eodk j?. g'b[; T[BKQ ~ u[B"sh fdzdk j? fe
s[;h T[; d/ BshfinK dh dkts d/ pko/ ftuko eoe/ t/y' fijVh jw/Fk s'_ T[;
d/ w+poK d/ ;oho dh gkg d/ dk; j'D d/ ekoB g?dktko ojh j?. T[j T[;
dk ekoB fdzdk j? fe id T[j gkg dh ;/tk eod/ jB sK T[j Xkofwesk dh
;/tk Bjh eo ;ed/. c/o th T[j T[BKQ ~ T[s;kfjs eodk j? fe T[; d/ cbK
d/ pko/ fXnkB eo', iK gkg d/ Bshi/ d/ pko/ fi; d/ ekoB T[j j[D biktkB
j[zd/ jB. T[j fJBKQ d/ Bshi/ dk fJBkw @@w"s## d`;dk j?.
fJ; w"s dh s[bBk ft`u, T[j T[BKQ ~ T[`uk u[`edk j? sK i' T[j fJj
fJBKQ cbK d/ pko/ iK T[; Xkofwesk d// BshfinK d/ pko/ fi; d/ ekoB
gft`soskJh ns/ ;dhge ekb dk ihtB fwbdk j? fi; dk tkfJdk f:;{ w;hj
B/ ehsk j? fijV/ T[; ~ nkgDk w[esh dksk ;theko eod/ gqG{ d/ ski ~
gqkgs eoBr/ ns/ ;[;wkuko d/ bJh nkgDk ihtB pshs eoBr/-nkgD/ bJh
wo ikDr/ ns/ w;hj d/ bJh ihDr/.
g'b[; nkgDh v{zxh f;fynk dk ;oKF nkyoh nkfJs ft`u fJ; soK
eodk j? fe gkg dh jw/Fk wi{oh fwbdh j?. fijVh ;z;ko ft`u fiE/ c[bkT[dh
j? ns/ tgko ft`u T[`uh Bhth wi{oh fwbdh j? ns/ fijVk XB n;h ewkT[_d/
jK gkg dh wi{oh T[jh ofjzdh j?. wkVh ypo fJj j? fe @@gkg dh wi{oh w"s
j?.## go uzrh ypo fJj j? fe, @@;kv/ gow/Fo dk w[cs todkB ;dhge ihtB
gqG{ f:;{ w;hj d/ okjh fwbdk j? !##
19

nfXnkfJ 3
@@g'b[; d/ nksfwe uko ekB{zB##
g'b[; id fJ; ;st/_ nfXnkfJ ~ fbydk j?, sK T[j gkg d/ ;[nkwh
~ nkgD/ gqsh u[B"sh fdzdk j? ns/ ;kv/ Bkb nkgDh fB`i r`b pks eodk j?
fe fet/_ T[; B/ gkg d/ gqsh nkgDh bVkJh jkoh ns/ fi`s jk;b ehsh. id
T[j nkgDh rtkjh F[o{ eodk j? fe fet/_ T[; B/ gft`soskJh d/ bJh ;zxoF
ehsk, T[j w/oh g;zd dh uh} fbydk j?, fijVk fe b`yK b'eK d/ bJh fJ;
gqsh dk yk; fj`;k j?.
id T[j nkgDh gsqh d/ fJ; fj`;/ dk toDB eodk j? sK fXnkB eo'
fe T[j fB:w d/ ftF/ fezBK i'o fdzdk j?. fJ; nfXnkfJ d/ F[o{ s'_ brksko
8t/ nfXnkfJ dh 17th nkfJs s`e g'b[; @@uko nksfwe fB:wK## dh r`b
eodk j?. fijV/ b'e Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB, i/ tk;st ft`u jh ;kvh fJ`Sk
j? fe n;h ;jh ihtB ihT[Dk ukj[zd/ jK, sK ;kv/ bJh io{oh j? fe n;h fJBKQ
uko fB:wK ~ uzrh soK ;wMhJ/ fijV/ n;h n?E/ g'b[; dh gqsh ftù gVd/ jK.
id s[;h fJ; gsqh dk ;stK ns/ n`mtK nfXnkfJ gVd/ j' sK fXnkB
eo' fe g'b[; fejVhnK r`bK d/ pko/ f;ykT[_dk j? L
gow/Fo dk fB:w,
gkg ns/ w''"s dk fB:w,
w;hj ft`u nkswk d/ ihtB dk fB:w, ns/
nkswk dh ;'u dk fB:w.
S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u T[BKQ ;ko/ o[geK dk toDB eoB d/ pknd, g'b[;
;stK nfXnkfJ fJ`e j'o o{ge d/ Bkb F[o{ eodk j? L@@j/ Gokt', eh s[;h fJ;
r`b s'_ nDikD j' (feT[ i' w+ T[BKQ Bkb p'bdk jK fijV/ Fok s' tke\ jB)
GJh fizBk fuo wB[`y ihT[_dk j? T[Bk fuo Fok T[; T[`s/ t`; o`ydh j?, ;[jkrD
id she T[j dk Gosk ihT[_dk j? Fok d/ nB[;ko T[j d/ pzXB ft`u ofjzdh
j? go i' Gosk wo ikt/ sK T[j Gosk dh Fok s' S[`N rJh j? ns/ Gkt/_ d{J/
Gosk dh j' Gh ikt/ go T[j iKBh Bjh j[zdh,
;' w/foT Gokt' s[;h th w;hj dh d/jh d/ t;hb/ Bkb Fok d/ ;opzX'
wo rJ/ GJh s[;h d{J/ d/ j' ikT noEks T[j d/ fijVk w[ofdnK ftu'_
fitkfbnk frnk sK i' n;h gow//Fo d/ bJh cb dJhJ/, id n;h ;ohoe ;K
sd gkgK dhnK ekwBK i' Fok d/ ekoB ;B ;kv/ nzrK ft`u gq/oBk eodhnK
;B GJh w"s d/ bJh cb d/D, go n;h T[j dh t`b' wo e/ fij d/ ft`u p`X/
j'J/ ;K Fok s'_ j[D S`[N rJ/ jK, fi; eoe/ n;h nkswk dh Bth_ ohs T[`s/
, Bk fe fbys dh g[okDh ohs T[`s/ ;/tk eod/ jK.##(1-6)
gfjbk nksfwe fB:w L gow/Fo dh Fok
g'b[; fJj ;G e[M T[; nXko T[`s/ fby fojk j? fijVk T[; B/
gq/oBk, Xow frnkB ns/ ftFtk; d/ okjh fBod'F mfjokJ/ ikD dh s[bBk ft`u
20
ehsk j?. T[; B/ fbfynk j? fe n;h gkg d/ nXhB jK, feT[_fe n;h ;ko/
gow/Fo dh Fok d/ nXhB jK, fijVk ;kvk w{zj pzd eo fdzdk j? ns/ ;kv/
T[`s/ fJj gqrN eodk j? fe n;h gkgh jK.
fJ; r`b dk fBfoyD eo' fe fJ; s'_ gfjbK g'b[; ;kv/ Bkb T[;
o{ge dh r`b eo/ T[; B/ fJ; nfXnkfJ ~ fJ; soK F[o{ ehsk j? fe T[j
ikDdk j? fe T[j fJj gsqh T[BKQ ~ fby fojk j? fijV/ gow/Fo dh Fok ~
ikDd/ jB. fJ; dk noE fit/_ n;h d{i/ nfXnkfJ ft`u t/yd/ jK ns/ fJ;
gsqh ft`u th T[j :j{dhnK ~ fby fojk j?. T[j jkb/ th T[BKQ :j{dhnK d/
pko/ jh ftuko eo fojk j? fiBKQ dh w[bkeks T[; d/ Bkb gfjbh o'w :ksok
t/b/ j'Jh ;h (o;{bK d/ eos`p 28L17-29). id n;h fJ; gsqh d/ Bt/_ nfXnkfJ
dh gfjbhnK nkfJsK gVd/ jK, sK n;h ;wM iKd/ jK fe feT[ g'b[; jw/Fk
gfjbK fJBKQ :j{dhnK dk ftuko eodk j?, c/o fJpokBhnK dk, id T[j fbydk
j? f;fynk iK gquko eoBk.
j[D T[j T[BKQ b'eK ~ fbydk j? fijV/ T[; tor/ ;B id T[j so;;
dk FkT[b ;h. coh;hnK dk coh;h, g'b[; d`;dk j? fe T[j gow/Fo d/ jo
j[ew dh gkbBk eodk ;h. so;; d/ FkT[b tor/ coh;h fJzihb ft`u wkV/
ikD/ iKd/ ;B. ;k~ fJj wfj;{; eoBk ukjhdk j? fe coh;hnK ft`u pj[s
;kohnK uzrhnK r`bK th ;B. T[dkjoB d/ s"o s/ :j{dh ftFtk; d/ g[oksBgzEh
;B. T[j Bt/_ B/w d/ fJpokBh fJsjk; d/ :[r d/ w[b f;Xkstkdh ;B. coh;h
th T[; soK dh ibD o`yD tkb/ ;B fit/_ so;; dk ;kT[b w{;k dh Fok ~
u/s/ o`yD ft`u o`ydk ;h, g[okB/ B/w dhnK gfjbhnK gzi feskpK d/ pko/. pj[s
;ko/ w;hjh n`i nfij/ jB fiBKQ B/ ed/ pkJhpb dhnK gfjbh gzi feskpK
gVhnK jh Bjh.
T[j pj[s jh Xowh b'e ;B. T[BKQ dh Xkofwesk f;XKstkdh ;h, Fok
d/ gsqh :kfB fB`i Xkofwesk fijVh f:;{ ns/ T[; d/ u/fbnK ft`u ;h. T[j
ibD d/ Bkb :j'tkj dh Fok ~ wzBd/ ;B feT[_fe T[j ftFtk; eod/ ;B
fe T[BKQ dh w[esh fJ;/ s/ nXkfos j?. fJ; bJh T[j nkgD/ nkg ft`u pj[s
jh Xowh ;B ns/ T[BKQ ftu' ;ko/ b'e pj[s jh G`b/ ;B.
id s[;h uko fJzihbK dk nfXnB eod/ j' sK f:;{ d/ gq/w ns/ Xhoi
dk fXnkB eo', id T[j fBe'd/w[; tor/ coh;h d/ e'b iKdk j?, nowhsk d/
:{;[\ d/ e'b iKdk j? ns/ T[BKQ d/ e'b fiBKQ d/ Bkb T[j r`b pks eodk
j? jkbKfe fJj r`b pks d[FwBh ft`u spdhb j' iKdh j?. coh;hnK d/ bJh
f:;[{ w;hj d/ fgnko dh ;G s'_ t`vh fw;kb fJ; s'_ gqrN j[zdh j? fe id
dfwFe d/ okj s/ fJ; o;{b dk gfotosB j'Jhnk. go fitkb/ j'J/ w;hj B/
T[; fwFBoh dk u'D ebhf;nk d/ bJh ehsk fi; dk ed/ fe;/ B/ ftuko th
Bjh ehsk ;h, T[; B/ coh;hnK d/ coh;h dk u'D ehsk.
fJ; ihtB ;zpzXh g?o/ ft`u, fijVk T[; B/ fcfb`ghnK d/ b'eK ~
fbfynk j?, T[; B/ T[BKQ d/ Bkb fJ; ftF/ s/ r`b pks ehsh fe T[j e[V/ dh
T[; Fok dh gkbBk eodk j? feT[_fe T[j coh;h j?, feT[_fe T[j ;'udk ;h
21

fe Fok dh gkbBk eoB s'_ jh T[; ~ w[esh fwb/rh. id T[j fcfb`ghnK dh
ebhf;nk ~ fbydk j? g'b[; T[; ;wogB dk ipod;sh fto'X eodk j?.c/o
th T[; d/ wB ft`u T[BKQ Xowh :j{dhnK d/ gqsh so; j? fiBKQ d/ wB ft`u
:j'tkj dh Fok d/ gqsh ibD ;h. o'whnK dh fJ; gsqh ft`u, j[D T[j T[BKQ
d/ Bkb r`b eo fojk j? fiBKQ d/ wB ft`u :j'tkj d/ Fok d/ gqsh T[BK jh
;wogB ;h.
T[; t/b/ T[BKQ dk foFsk :j'tkj dh gqsh eh oj iKdk j? id T[j
fJj ikD iKd/ jB fe T[j Fok d/ nXko s/ jB Xowh Bjh mfjokJ/ ik ;ed/<
T[; ;tkb dk itkp T[; o{ge ft`u fwbdk j? fiE' g'b[; fJ; nfXnkfJ dh
F[o{nks eodk j?.
id dkT{d nkgD/ ip{oK ft`u T[; XzB wB[`y d/ pko/ o/ykfusq pDkT[dk
j?, sK T[j fbydk j? fe XzB wB[`y T[j j? fijVk :j'tkj dh fpt;Ek ~ wzBdk
j? (ip{oK dh g"Eh 1L2) ;G s'_ t`vk ip{o ns/ pkJhpb dk ;G s'_ t`vk
nfXnkfJ io{o n}oK tor/ fJB;kB d/ okjh fbfynk frnk j't/rk fi; dk
:j'tkj dh Fok d/ gqsh pj[s v{zxk fgnko ;h(ip{o 119) .
id fJBKQ FoXkb{ :j{dhnK B/ fijV/ :j'tkj dh Fok ~ fgnko eod/
;B fJj wfj;{; ehsk fe Fok T[BKQ ~ puk Bjh ;edh, sK T[BKQ T[; ozv/
ftnesh d/ tKr nc;'; ehsk fi; dk ihtB ;kEh T[; s' b? fbnk j't/. g'b[;
fJ; bJh fJ; gq/fos ns/ p[`X Go/ o{ge dk toDB eodk j? fijVk T[BKQ ~
u/s/ eokT[_dk j? fe id fJ`e ftnesh d/ e'b' T[; dk ihtB ;kEh u`bk iKdk
j?, sK T[j d{ik ftnkj eoB d/ bJh n}kd j?. j[D id T[BKQ dk ;kEh b?
fbnk frnk j? (Fok) sK T[j d{i/ d/ Bkb ftnkj eoB d/ bJh n}kd jB.
g'b[; fbydk j? fe i/ T[j T[; s/ ftFtk; eod/ jB i' T[j fbydk j? sK
c/o T[BKQ ~ ukjhdk j? fe fitkb/, ihfts gqG{ ns/ w[eshdksk f:;{ w;hj d/
Bkb foFsk i'V b+D !
ftneshrs ihtB ft`u fJ; dh tos'_
fijV/ o'w ft`u ofjzd/ jB T[BKQ dh ns/ fijV/ fJ; gsqh ~ gVd/ jB
T[BKQ dh fB`i ns/ ;wogB tos' fJ; d/ pko/ eh j?< f;XKs nB[;ko fJj
f;fynk T[BKQ d/ bJh j? fiBKQ B/ jw/Fk fe;/ Bk fe;/ ftnesh s/ iK fe;/ uh}
s/ T[dko d/ bJh Go';k ehsk j? iK T[BKQ B/ nkgDh Xkofwe ftfdnk s'_ f;fynk
fe T[j T[BKQ ~ puk Bjh ;edh.
:{jzBk dh fJzihb ft`u fJe T[dkjoD fd`sh rJh j? fi; ft`u nfij/
b'eK dk toDB j?. id f:;{ :o[Fbw ft`u nkfJnk, sK fBopb, fpwko ns/
bzC/ b'eK dh fJ`e GhV ;h fijV/ p?E;dk d/ e[zv s/ fJ`em/ j'J/ ;B. fJj b'e
nzXftFtk; tkb/ ;B. T[j ftFtk; eod/ ;B fe id gkDh fj`bkfJnk iKdk
j?, fijVk ;G s'_ gfjbK gkDh ft`u T[`so iKdk j? T[j uzrk j' iKdk j?.
w/o/ ftukoK dh bVh fJ; ejkDh d/ nXko s/ (24 Bz dh feskp ft`u) w+ T[;
GhV dh s[bBk fijVk T[; skb s/ fJ`emh j'Jh ;h fJ; soK ehsh fijV/ ;ko/
T[dko d/ bJh fJ`Sk o`yd/ ;B, iK fe;/ ftnesh iK fe;/ uh} s/ Go';k eod/
22
T[BK dk nXko f:;{ w;hj j?.
gso; ;k~ d`;dk j? fe w;hj d/ pr?o fes/ th w[esh Bjh j?,
@@no fe;/ d{J/ s'_ w[esh Bjh feT[ i' nekF d/ j/mK wB[`yK ft`u e'Jh d{ik
Bkw Bjh fd`sk frnk fi; s'_ n;h pukJ/ ikDk j?.## (o;{bK d/ eos`p 4L12)
i/eo s[;h fe;/ ftnesh iK fe;/ uh} s/ Go';k eod/ j' go fJj ikD bt'
fe f:;{ w;hj s'_ jh T[dko j?, s[;h p?E;dk d/ skb s/ b'eK ~ w[esh d/ bJh
t/y ;ed/ j' ns/ fijVk o{ge g'b[; fJ; gsqh d/ ;`st/_ nfXnkfJ s'_ F[o{ eo
fojk j? T[j s[jkv/ bJh j?.
i/ s[;h ftFtk; eod/ j' i' e[M g'b[; B/ fJ; gsqh d/ gfjb/ S/
nfXnkfJnk ft`u fbfynk j? sK c/o s[;h eh eo'r/ i/ s[jkv/ s'_ s[jkvk ;kEk
b? fbnk ikt/ < itkp fJj j? fe s[jk~ ftuko eoBk ukjhdk j? fijVk fJ;
w[od/ ;kEh d/ tKr s[jk~ puk Bjh ;edk ns/ s[jk~ d{J/ d/ Bkb ftnkj
eoBk j? fijVk fe fitkfbnK j'fJnk ihfts w;hj f:;{ j?.
fJ`e j'o fB`i gq:'r ~ ikDB dh b'V j? fe fit/_ g'b[; nkgDh ;koh
gsqh ft`u T[BKQ FoXkb{ :j{dhnK d/ Bkb r`b pks eo fojk j?, sK T[j ;ko/
G`b/ b'eK d/ Bkb r`b eo fojk j? fijV/ nkgD/ G`b/ ezwK s/ Go';k eod/ jB.
fJ; ;z;ko ft`u pj[s nfij/ b'e jB fiBKQ dk ftuko j? fe w[esh ;kv/ G`b/
ezwK d/ nXko s/ ns/ fe;/ ~ fe;/ soK dh go/FkBh ft`u Bk gkT[D d/ nXko
s/ jh j?. i/eo s[;h T[BKQ ft`u' fJ`e j' fijV/ nkgD/ yo/gB s/ ns/ G`b/ ezwK
s/ iK nkgDh jh Xkofwesk s/ Go';k eod/ sK fJj o{ge s[jkvh tos' d/ bJh j?.
shi/ ns/ u"E/ nfXnkfJ s/ nXkfos nkgD/ ftukoK dh bVh ft`u w+
fJè gqFB fJ;/ soK dk u[ è fojk jK fi; dk s[jk~ itkp d/Dk ukjhdk j? L @@s[;h
fet/ ikD ;ed/ j' fe s[;h ekch G`b/ ezw eo bJ/ jB

;h, go ;k~ gkg d/ gqsh ;[u/s eoBk ;h ns/ ;kvh T[dko d/ bJh b'V ~
gqrN eoBk ;h. g'b[; d/ nB[;ko Fok sK gow/Fo dh Fesh dk fJ`e B[esk
j? fijVk T[j ;kv/ X'y/ tkb/ ihtB d/ n`r/ o`ydk j? ns/ g'b[; :ke{p d/ Bkb
;fjws j' iKdk j? fe Fok iK gow/Fo dk tuB fJ`e nfij/ FhF/ d/ tKr jB
fi; ft`u n;h nkgDhnK n:'rsktK ~ t/yd/ jK (:ke{p 1L23,24).
g'b[; ;k~ fJj fbydk j? fe Fok fJ`e ;ys nfXnkge d/ tKr j?
fijVk ;k~ w;hj d/ e'b b? e/ nkT[_dk j?. (rbkshnK 3L24) g'b[; c/o s'_
T[; T[d/F ~ ns/ gow/Fo dh Fok dh n?jfwns ~ ;kjwD/ fbnkT[_dk j? ns/
fJj fbydk j? L @@p`;, n;h eh nkyhJ/ < eh Fok gkg j?< ed/ Bjh_ ;r' Fok
s'_ fpBK w+ gkg ~ Bk gSkDdk feT[_fe i' Fok Bk efjzdh GJh b'G Bk eo
sK w+ b'G ~ Bk ikDdk. go gkg B/ dkT[ gk e/ j[ewBkw/ d/ ekoB w/o/ ft`u
jo goeko dk b'G g?dk ehsk feT[ i' Fok d/ pkM'_ gkg w[odk j?, ns/ w? n`r/
Fok d/ pkM'_ ihT[_dk ;K go id j[ewBkwk nkfJnk sd gkg ih fgnk ns/ w+
wo frnk, ns/ T[j j[ewBkwk fijVk ihtB d/ bJh ;h T[j' w/o/ bJh w"s dk
ekoB ftykJh fd`sk. feT[ i' gkg B/ dkT[ gk e/ j[ewBkw/ d/ okjh w+~ X"yk
fd`sk ns/ T[j d/ t;hb/ Bkb w+~ wko ;[`fNnk.## (o'whnK 7L7-11)
c/o T[j fJ; fBFeoF s/ gj[zudk j? fe gow/Fo dh Fok ft`u e[M
th rbsh Bjh j?. T[; dh ;wf;nk ns/ fijVh ;wf;nk ;kv/ ;GBK d/ ;kjwD/
j? T[j gow//Fo dh Fok dh Bjh j?. ;kvh ;wf;nk dk ekoB n;h nkg jh jK.
f:ofw:kj B`ph g'b[; d/ Bkb ok}h j[zdk j? id T[j fJ; soK gquko
eodk j? eh i/ n;h ukj[zd/ jK fe ;wf;nk feE/ ns/ eh j? sK ;k~ ukjhdk
j? fe n;h FhF/ ft`u t/yhJ/. f:ofw:kj brksko gow/Fo t`b' nkT[D tkb/
fBnK dk gquko eodk j? fijVk pkp{b dh r[bkwh pM' nkT[D tkbk ;h.
fijVk g?ok T[`go fd`sk frnk j? T[; ft`u f:of:wkj d/ gquko dk fJe jtkbk
fJ; soK j?, @@id s+~ fJj goik :k Bph :k ikie g[`SD fe :j'tkj dk
Gko eh j?< sd s{z T[jBK ~ nkyh_, s[;h T[j Gko j' ! w+ s[jk~ ;[`N fdnKrk
:j'tkj dk tke j?.## (f:ofw:kj 23L33)
g'b[; fbydk j? fe fijVk gquko f:ofw:kj B/ ehsk T[j fJj j? L
@@fJ; bJh Fok gft`so j?, ns/ T[; d/ j[ew gft`so, G`b/, T[`sw jB. sK eh
i' G`bk j? T[j w/o/ bJh w"s j? < fpbe[b Bjh ! go gkg, fijVk gkg b`rdk
j?, w/o/ nzdo i' e[M Gbk j? T[; d/ okjh w"s ~ g?dk eodk, fJ; bJh j'
;edk j? fe gkg j[ew d/ okjh j' pj[s jh gkg G`fonk j' ikt/.##(12,13)
g'b[; fJ; dk n?bkB eodk j'fJnk f:;[{ d/ tKr fJj nkydk j? fe
gow/Fo dh Fok Gbh j? i/ n;h T[; ~ gow/Fo dh fJ`Sk ns/ T[; d/ T[d/F d/
nB[;ko nkgD/ ihtB ftù T[; dk nB[tkd ns/ gq:'r eod/ jK (w`sh 5L17-20).
f:;{ B/ gow/Fo dh T[; Fok ~ fJ; fgnko d/ T[; gfoiw d/ okjh gow/Fo
d/ ;kjwD/ g{ok ehsk fJ; s' gfjbk fe T[j gow/Fo d/ Fok ~ gow/Fo d/
b'eK d/ ihtBK ftù bkr{ eo/. g'b[; B/ th T[;/ soK jh ehsk ns/ T[; B/
fJ; ~ @@nkswk d/ fB:w## dk BK fd`sk ( 2efozEhnK 3L6) T[j j[D T[; ftF/F
24
T[d/F s/ fXnkB d/ fojk j? fijVk gow/Fo B/ ;k~ fB:w fd`sk j? - gow/Fo
dh Fok gkg dh Fok ~ gqrN eodk j?.
fJ`e coh;h dk ;jh ;wogB
g'b[; j[D T[j wjs`tg{oD r`b ~ gqrN eodk j? fijVh fe gkodqFh,
t\kdko ns/ ;jkfJe tuB j? fi; ft`u F[XheoB dk ftFk j?, iK gkg d/ T[`s/
fi`s ed/ fbyh rJh j?. jo ftFtk;h fJ; @@gkg okik## d/ Bkb ;zxoF eodk
j? fijVk ihtB @@w"s okik## d/ T[s/ oki eoBk ukj[zdk j?. fJj nkfJsK ;kc
ns/ nfGnk; d/ okjh ;k~ ftykT[_dk j? fe fet/_ g'b[; tuB dh f;fynk fijVh
F[XheoB pko/ j? T[; ~ nkgD/ ihtB ft`u bkr{ eodk j?.
j[D T[j T[; dk ;oKF ~ fbydk j? fijVk fe fJ; nfXnkfJ dh
f;fynk dh ikB j? fi; dk toDB gzit/_ nfXnkfJ dh d{ih nkfJs ft`u ehsk
frnk j?, @@fij d/ okjh th n;h_ fBjuk Bkb T[; feogk ft`u ngV/ fij d/
T[`s/ yb"s/ jK ns/ gow/Fo d/ goskg dh nk; T[`s/ nGwkB eohJ/.## u/s/ o`y',
fe fJj' T[j jbks j? fi; ft`u g'b[; o'whnk d/ ftFtk;hnK ~ nkydk j? n;h
fBjuk d/ ;ko d/ okjh - w+ ns/ s[;h - fe n;h fet/_ T[; feogk ~ gqkgs
eo ;ed/ jK fijVh ;k~ Xowh b'eK d/ tKr ihT[D d/ bJh ukjhdh j?.
g'b[; T[; gfjbh d/ fg`S/ u`bdk j? ns/ jo uh} ft`u tfvnkJh eodk
j? fijVh ;k~ gow/Fo dh feogk d/ Bkb ftFtk; d/ okjh gqkgs j[zdh j? n?E/
s`e fe d[y th ;k~ wip{o eod/ jB fe n;h gow/Fo dh T[; feogk ~ gqkgs
eohJ/. fJj' o{ge uko fti/sktK d/ okjh gq:'r ehsk frnk :kfB gkg okik,
w"s okik, f:;{ okik, s[;h ns/ w+ fijV/ okik jK, id gow/Fo dk nkswk
nkT[_dk j? fe ;kv/ T[`s/ fB:zsqB o`y/ ns/ ;k~ j'o th finkdk ftiJh pDkt/.c/o
S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u T[j pgfs;w/ d/, w"s d/, ih T[mD ns/ dk;st d/ o{ge
dk gq:'r eodk j? sK i' n;h fJ; r`b d/ bJh ekfJb j' ikJhJ/ fe gkg
ed/ th fJ`e ftFtk;h d/ ihtB ~ fB:zsqB ft`u Bk eo ;e/ fijV/ f:;{ w;hj
d/ ft`u ftFtk; d/ okjh Xowh x'fFs eo fd`s/ rJ/ jB.
g'b[; j[D brksko fB:wkB[;ko nkgDh f;fynk fijVh uko nksfwe
fB:wK d/ pko/ j? T[; ~ n`r/ tXkT[_dk j?. T[j fizdkfdbh d/ Bkb T[BKQ
gkodqFh ;wofgs T[dkjoDk dhs ftnkfynk eodk j? fi; ft`u T[; dk nkgDk
fB`i ;zxoF th Fkwb j?. c/o T[j nkgDh fi`s dk toDB eodk j?, fijVh
;kv/ tk;s/ th j' ;edh j?, id fe T[; dk fJj c?;bk j? fe gkg T[; d/
ihtB T[`s/ oki Bjh eo/rk. fJ; T[d/F dk toDB ;k~ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ dh
13th_ nkfJs s'_ b? e/ nfXnkfJ d/ nzs s`e fwbdk j?, go n;h fJj th nky
;ed/ jK fe fJj ;k~ 11t/_ nfXnkfJ s`e fwbdk j?.
id s[;h fJ; gkodoFh ns/ fJwkBdko ihtB dh s;tho d/ pko/
toDhs g?o/ ~ gVd/ j' - fi; ~ fJ`e o;{b d/ nksfwe ihtB b/y d/ Bkw
d/ Bkb th ikDhnk ik ;edk j? - T[BK uko nksfwe fB:wK ~ t/y' fijV/
o;{b d/ okjh n?E/ fd`s/ rJ/ jB. fJj th u/s/ o`y' fe s[;h fJ`e ftnesh dh
nksfwe gsqhek gV oj/ j' fijVk gow/Fo dh Fok ~ fgnko eodk j? ns/
25

j' ;edk j? fe fizBh T[; ftnesh B/ Fok dh gkbBk eoB d/ bJh fwjBs
ehsh T[zBh FkfJd jh fe;/ B/ fwjBs ehsh j't/.
@@n;h ikDd/ sK jK i/ Fok nkswe j? go w+ ;ohoe ns/ gkg d/
j`E ftfenk j'fJnk jK, w+ Bjh ikDdk fe eh eoK feT[ i' w+ T[j Bjh eodk
i' ukj[zdk jK ;r' T[j eodk jK fi; s'_ w+~ fxD nkT[_dh j?, go i/ w+ T[j
eodk jK i' Bjh ukjz[dk sK w+ Fok ~ wzB b+dk jK GJh T[j uzrh j?, ;' j[D
w+ sK T[j d/ eoB tkbk Bjh ;r' gkg j? fijVk w/o/ ft`u t`;dk j?, w+ ikDdk
sK jK GJh w/o/ nzdo noEks w/o/ ;oho d/ nzdo e'Jh GJh r`b j? Bjh.
fJokdk eoBk sK w/o/ nzdo j? go Gbk eoBk j? Bjh, fijVh GfbnkJh w+
eoBk ukjz[dk jK T[j w+ Bjh eodk ;r'_ fijVh p[fonkJh w+ Bjh ukj[zdk ;'Jh
eodk jK,
@@go i/ w+ T[j ezw eodk jK fijVk w+ Bjh ukj[zdk sK eoB tkbk
w+ Bjh ;r' gkg j? i' w/o/ ft`u t`;dk j?, ;' w+ fJj ekBz{B t/ydk jK GJh
id w+ GfbnkJh eoBk ukj[zdk jK sd' p[fonkJh jk}o j[zdh j?, w+ sk nzdob/
g[oF nB[;ko gow/Fo d/ ekB{zB ft`u nBzd j[zdk jK, go w+ nkgD/ nzrK ft`u
fJè j'o ekB{zB th t/ydk jK i' w/oh p[`X d/ ekBz{B Bkb bVdk j? ns/ w+~
T[; gkg d/ ekB{B d/ i' w/fonK nzrk ft`u j? pzXB ft`u b? nkT[_dk j?, w+ fe`vk
wzdGkrh wB[`y jK! e"D w_+~ fJ; w"s d/ ;oho s' S[vkt/rk < w;hj gqG{ d/
t;hb/ gow/Fo dk XzBtkd j't/! ;' w+ nkg p[`X Bkb gow/Fo d/ ekBz{B dh
r[bkwh eodk go ;oho Bkb gkg d/ ekB{zB dh.##(7L14-25)
g'b[; dk gkg T[s/ fi`s jk;b eoB d/ ;zxoF dk ;G s'_ gfjbk
fpnkB fijVk T[; B/ nkgD/ jh pko/ f;fynk j?. T[; dk toDB T[j fJ; soK
eodk j? l@@w+ fJ`e ;ohfoe ftnesh jK ns/ gkg d/ j`E ftfenk j'fJnk jK.##
fJj @@ekoBb## Fpd dk nB[tkd :{BkBh GkFk ft`u @@;ohfoe## wB[`y d/ o{g
ft`u ehsk frnk j?. T[j ;k~ n`r/ d`;dk j? fe T[j nkg - fijVk ;oho
ft`u j? - T[; ft`u e'Jh th Gbh uh} Bjh j?.
g'b[; @@;ohfoe## Fpd dh tos' pko pko nkgDh fbys ft`u eodk
j?. fJ; bJh ;kv/ tk;s/ fJ; ~ ;wMDk pj[s jh wjs`tg{oD j? fe id T[j
fJ; Fpd dh tos'_ tko tko eodk j? sK T[; dk ;kv/ bJh eh noE j?.
fJ`e wFj{o :{BkBh frnkBh ns/ pkJhpb dh f;fynk d/D tkbk ;ekNb+v dh
n?vhBtor :[Bhto;Nh dk gq'c?;o fJj ftFtk; eodk j? fe g'b[; d/ fby/
Fpd dk n;bh nB[tkd fJj j'Dk ukjhdk j? @@wB[`yh ;[GkT, gow/Fo dh
;jkfJsk d/ pr?o.##
id o;{b fJj nkydk j? fe T[; ft`u e'Jh uzrh r`b tk; jh Bjh
eodh, T[; dk noE j? fe fJB;kB d/ ;[GkT[ ftù e'Jh Gbh uh} tk; jh
Bjh eodh, id T[; d/ fJB;kBh ;[GkT[ ft`u gow/Fo dh e'Jh ;jkfJsk Bjh
fwbdh. sK ;k~ T[; ft`u fJj i'V d/Dk ukjhdk j? fe fijV/ ;oho ft`u ofjzd/
jB, iK T[BKQ d/ fJB;kBh ;[GkT[ ft`u gow/Fo dh e'Jh ;jkfJsk Bjh j[zdh sK
T[; ~ fJB;kB dk T[j frnkB r`b/ bk b+dk j? fi; ft`u gow/Fo dh feogk
26
gqkgs eoB dk e'Jh ;pp Bjh j[zdk ns/ fi; ft`u gow/Fo d/ tuB dh
;funkJh fijVh d`;h rJh j? T[; dk e'Jh gqekFB Bjh j[zdk.
fJ; gqhGkFk dk pj[s jh gqGkT[Fkbh gq:'rkswe ezw ftFtk;hnK d/
bJh j? fijV/ ;jh sohe/ dk ihtB ihT[Dk ukj[zd/ jB feT[_fe T[j fBjuk d/
okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB. id g'b[; nkgD/ wB d/ nzdo t/ydk j? sK i'
e[M T[j t/ydk j? T[; d/ gqsh T[j nkgD/ wB[`yh ;[GkT[ ft`u fJwkBdko ns/
gkodoFh j[zdk j?. T[j Bk e/tb fe;/ GfbnkJh ~ jh t/y gkT[_dk j?, Fok dh
y'i eodk fe id T[; dh fJ`Sk j[zdh j? Gbk eoB dh, T[; t/b/ p[okJh d/
nzdo ezw eodh j?.
d{i/ FpdK ft`u, id T[j fJB;kBh ;[GkT[ ft`u fXnkB eodk j? sK
T[; B/ nkgD/ nzdo gkg dh Fok ~ jh t/fynk. g'b[; i' gow/Fo dh Fok ~
eoB d/ bJh ~ nkydk j? T[j T[; dk fBjuk eodk j? ns/ fJj fBjuk eodk
j? fe gow/Fo dh Fok uzrh j?. tk;st ft`u, T[j gow/Fo dh Fok d/ Bkb
fgnko eodk j?. j' ;edk j? fe T[; B/ nkgD/ nkg ~ T[; n;zGkth coh;h
d/ tKr fejk j't/ fe gow/Fo dh Fok dk gkbB eoBk sK e/tb nkgD/ fdqV
;wogB s/ nXkfos j[zdk j?. Gkt/_ e[M th j't/ j[D T[j ;k~ nky fojk j? fe
gkg dh fJ; Fok d/ ekoB, T[; B/ fJj ikD fbnk fe id T[; B/ fJj c?;bk
eo fbnk fe T[j gow/Fo dh Fok dh gkbBk eo/rk, sK T[; B/ nkyo eko
fJj ikD fbnk fe ;wf;nk T[; d/ nzdo dh fJ`Sk ;h fijVh jw/Fk T[; d/
fB:zsqB s'_ pkjo j[zdh ;h.
T[j fJ; Bshi/ s/ th ngfVnk fe gkg dh Fok jw/Fk @@T[; d/
fdwkr d/ ftukoK d/ fto[X## :[`X ft`u ofjzdh ;h. T[j fJ; r`b dh rtkjh
fdzdk j? fe T[; dh bVkJh fijVh gkg d/ fto[`X ;h T[; dh nkgDh Fesh
dh fi`s ft`u Bjh ;h, iK Bk jh T[; dh :'rsk d/ Bkb ;h. id T[; B/ fJj
pj[s jh rzGhosk d/ Bkb ;theko eo fbnk fe T[j pj[s jh pdB;hp
ftnesh j?, sK T[j B/ S[Neko/ d/ bJh g[ekfonk. ns/ T[; B/ fJj n?bkB
ehsk fe gkg d/ Bkb bVkJh nksfwe :[`X j? ns/ fJj ed/ th nkgD/ nzdo
dh Fesh d/ nB[;ko Bjh fifsnk ik ;edk. g'b[; d/ nB[;ko T[j ns/ n;h
ed/ th nkgD/ nzdo jh fXnkB eoB d/ okjh gkg d/ :[`X T[s/ fi`s jk;b
Bjh eo ;ed/. ;kv/ gkg dh bVkJh T[/d' jh fish ik ;edh j? id gow/Fo
nkgDh nksfwe ;kwoE ;kv/ wB[`yh ;[GkT[ d/ nzdo Go fdzdk j?. fJ; dk noE
fJj j'fJnk, fe id n;h fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ iKd/ jK sK gkg dh
Fok ;kv/ ;oho ft`u' pkjo Bjh j' iKdh.
id T[j nrb/ nfXnkfJ ft`u iKdk j? sK T[j pj[s jh uzrh ypo
fdzdk j?, fe id n;h fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ iKd/ jK, sK e[M nksfwe,
nb'fee ns/ uwseko G`ohnK r`bK ;kv/ ;oho ft`u i[V iKdhnK jB. Gkt/_ T[j
uwseko d/ pknd jh i[VdhnK jB sK ;k~ c/o th T[; t`vh ;funkJh d/ Bkb
fwb e/ s[oBk ukjhdk j? fijVh brksko ;kv/ ft`u pDh ofjzdh j? id s`e
n;h fJ; ;ohfoe d/j ft`u ofjzd/ jK. id fitkfbnK j'fJnk, ihfts w;hj
27

gft`so nkswk d/ uwsekoh o{g d/ Bkb ;kv/ nzdo tk; eodk j?, sK n;h
c/o t/yd/ jK fe fijVk ;kv/ nzdo (w;hj) ofjzdk j? T[j T[;(FskB) gkg
dh ;kwoE s' t`vk j? ns/ w;hj ft`u n;h nkgDh ;cbsk ~ gqkgs eod/ jK.
o'whnK dh gsqh n`m nfXnkfJ L fi`s
g'b[; d/ d' j'o nksfwe fB:w
j[D id n;h fJ; gsqh d/ ;`st/_ nfXnkfJ s'_ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ t`b t`X
oj/ jK, w+ s[jk~ u/s/ eokT[Dk ukj[zdk jK fe id g'b[; B/ fJj gsqh fbyh ;h
T[; t/b/ fJ; dk fGtkiB nfXnkfJnK ns/ ns/ nkfJsK d/ o{g ft`u Bjh ehsk
frnk ;h. ne;o fJ; soK j[zdk ;h fe fe;/ wjs`tg{oD tke d/ pknd fJj
fGtkiB eo fd`sk iKdk ;h ns/ T[;/ soK jh g'b[; n?E/ fby fojk j? ns/
nfXnkfJ dh tzv T[; dh gq/fos fbys ft`u fijVh f;fynk d/ o{g ft`u j? T[;
ft`u E"Vh o[ektN fdzdh j?.
T[; wjs`tg{oD Fpd @@fJ; bJh## dh wjs`sk dk fBfoyD eo' id
n;h fJ; n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ d/ fJ; wjs`tg{oD ;ko ~ gV oj/ j'. id s[;h
fJ; uh} dk fXnkB eod/ j' fe fJ; bJh dk eh noE j?, sK fJj ikD bt'
fe i' e[M g'b[; ;`st/_ nfXnkfJ d/ ft`u ;k~ f;fynk d/ fojk j? T[; dk ;zpzX
n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ d/ Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk j?, T[; f;fynk d/ Bkb fijVh
gkodoFh ns/ fJwkBdkoh d/ Bkb g'b[; nkgD/ fB`i ihtB d/ ;zxoFK d/ okjh
d/ fojk j?, ftF/F eoe/ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ ~ F[o{ eoB d/ bJh nkyoh Fpd
T[; B/ fby/ jB.
nkT[ n;h shi/ ns/ u"E/ nksfwe fB:w d/ T[`s/ th r"o eohJ/ fijV/
;k~ g'b[; d/ ihtB dh fB`i fbys s'_ gqkgs j[zd/ jB L @@;' j[D T[jBk bJh
fijV/ w;hj f:;{ ft`u jB ;}k dk j[ew Bjh j?, feT[_fe ihtB d/ nkswk dh
Fok B/ w;hj f:;{ ft`u w+~ gkg ns/ w"s dh Fok s'_ S[vk fd`sk, i' Fok s'_
Bk j' ;`fenk fJ; eoe/ i' T[j ;oho d/ ekoB fBskDh ;h, gow/Fo B/ nkgDk
g[s`o gkg d/ bJh gkgh ;oho d/ o{g ft`u x`b e/ ;oho ft`u jh gkg T[s/ ;}k
dk j[ew fd`sk. fJ; bJh i' ;kv/ ft`u fijV/ ;oho d/ Bjh ;r'_ nkswk d/
nB[;ko u`bd/ jK Fok dk ok;s j[ew g{ok j't/.
@@fijV/ ;ohoe jB T[j ;oho dhnK t;sK T[`s/ go fijV/ nkswe
jB T[j nkswk dhnK t;sK T[`s/ wB bkT[_d/ jB, feT[_ i' ;ohoe wBFk w"s
j? go T[j gow/Fo dh Fok d/ nXhB Bjh j? ns/ Bk jh j' ;`edh j?, ns/
fijV/ ;ohoe jB T[j gow/Fo ~ go;zB eo Bjh ;èd/ jB,
@@go s[;h ;ohoe Bjh ;r'_ nkswe j' go sd/ i' gow/Fo dk nkswk
s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j't/ gozs{ fij d/ ft`u w;hj d/ ft`u w;hj dk nkswk Bjh
j? ;' T[j Tj dk Bjh j?, go i/ w;hj s[jkv/ ft`u j? sK d/jh gkg d/ ekoB
wo rJh go nkswk Xow d/ ekoB ihts j?, ns/ i/ T[j nkswk fij B/ f:;{
~ w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j? sK fij B/ w;hj f:;{ ~
w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk T[j nkgD/ nkswk d/ t;hb/ Bkb fijVk s[jkv/ ft`u
t`;dk j? s[jkvhnK woBjko d/jhnK ~ th fitkJ/rk.
28
@@;' j/ Gokt', n;h_ eo}dko jK go ;oho d/ Bjh i' ;oho d/ nB[;ko
T[wo e`NhJ/, i/ ;oho d/ nB[;ko T[wo e`N'o/ sK s[jk~ woBk gt/rk go i/
nkswk Bkb d/jh d/ ekoiK ~ wko' sK s[;h_ iht'r/.## (8L1-13)
nksfwe fB:w Bz fszB L
w;hj f:;{ ft`u nkswk d/ ihtB dk fB:w
n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ d/ F[o{ d/ tke ft`u jh fszB wjs`tg{oD ;funkJhnK
dk fpnkB ehsk frnk j?. fJj t/yD d/ bJh ;k~ c/o s'_ g'b[; d/ fby/ fJ;
gsqh d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ dh ;skoth_ nkfJs ft`u ikDk gt/rk, fJ; ft`u fijVk
Fpd @@fJ; bJh## fJj ;funkJh ~ gqrN eodk j? fe fijV/ w;hj ft`u jB
ns/ wB[`yh ;[GkT[ d/ nXko d/ Bjh s[od/, T[BKQ T[`s/ ;}k dk j[ew Bjh j?,
fijBK ~ gow/Fo dh wdd Bjh fwbdh, go nkswk d/ nB[;ko. f:;{ ns/
g'b[; B/ f;ykfJnk fe fijV/ fBjuk Bjh eod/ T[j d'Fh mfjokJ/ iKd/ jB
feT[_fe T[j fBjuk jh Bjh eod/ (:{jzBk 3L18). T[BKQ d'jK B/ fJj th f;fynk
fd`sh j? fe ftFtk; gow/Fo d/ g[s`o d/ okjh ysw ehs/ rJ/ ezw ft`u T[BKQ
d/ T[dko d/ bJh, T[BKQ d/ ;dhge ekb d/ d'F ~ jNk fdzdk j?.
g'b[; fJ; nfXnkfJ d/ nkyo ft`u fJj th fdykT[_dk j? fe ihfts,
fitkfbnk j'fJnk w;hj ;kv/ T[`s/ d'F Bjh bkT[_dk i/ n;h T[; dh wfjwk
gqrN eoB s'_ fe;/ soK th nkgD/ ;'u, ezw, n;cb iKd/ j'. T[j ;kvk f;`X
;[orh fgsk j?, ns/ ;k~ fJj fejk frnk j?, fe fe;/ th uzr/ fgsk d/ tKr,
T[j nkgD/ p`funK d/ so; yKdk ns/ fJj u/s/ o`ydk j? fe n;h sK e/tb
fw`Nh jh jK (ip{o dh g"Eh 103L14).
eh s[;h ;'u ;ed/ j' fe fJ; soK dk e'Jh th fgsk nkgD/ p`u/ ~
s[oBk, fuVeDk, iK nkgD/ p`u/ ~ X`ek wkodk j? T[; t/b/ id T[j m'eo yKdk
ns/ fv`rdk id T[j s[oBk f;ydk jh j? < f:;{ B/ fJ; dh s[bBk fJj f;fynk
fdzd/ j'J/ ehsh fe i/ n;h nkgD/ p`funK ~ uzrhnK uh}k d/Dk ikDd/ jK sK
;k~ fJj :ehB eo b+Dk ukjhdk j? fe ;kvk ;[orh fgsk ;k~ io{o gft`so
nkswk ns/ gow/Fo fgsk dh ;zrsh d/t/rk id n;h T[; s'_ wzrKr/ (b{ek
11L11-13). nfijk fgsk ;kvh n;cbsk ft`u th ;k~ d'Fh Bjh mfjokt/rk.
g'b[; ;k~ d{ih wjs`tg{oD ;funkJh f;ykT[_dk j? id T[j :ke{p d/
Bkb @@fBjuk d/ ezw## ns/ @@fBjuk d/ Bkb s[oB## s/ fJ`e wB j' iKdk j?.
(:ke{p 2L14-26) fBjuk fJ`ebk jh ;k~ puk ;edk j? go fijVk fBjuk ;k~
pukT[_dk j? T[j ed/ fJ`ebk ezw Bjh eodk. T[j fijV/ fBjuk d/ ekoB Xowh
mfjokJ/ iKd/ T[j nkgD/ fBjuk dk gorNktk fJ; soK eod/ jB fe T[j
nkgD/ ;oho d/ nB[;ko Bjh u`bd/ go nkswk d/ ubkJ/ u`bd/ jB. ;oho d/
nB[;ko s[oB ns/ ;oho d/ ft`u j'D dk fJ`e t`vk coe j?. ;oho d/ nB[;ko
s[oB d/ bJh ;kv/ e'b u'D eoB dh n}kdh j[zdh j? fi; ~ nksfwe b'e
eod/ jB. ;oho ft`u j'Dk T[BKQ b'eK dh ;fEsh j? fijV/ nkswk d/ nB[;ko
Bjh u`bd/ iK fJ`e nkw ftnesh fi; dk gow/Fo d/ Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX Bjh
j[zdk, fijVk nksfwe r`bK ~ ;wM th Bjh gkT[_dk (1e[fozEhnK 2L14).
29

shih ;funkJh fJ; F[o{ d/ tke ft`u fijVh g'b[; f;ykT[_dk j? T[j
fJBK d'jK FpdK ft`u j? fiBKQ dh tos' Bt/_ B/w ft`u brGr d' ;" tko j[zdh
j?. gkgh ~ fBod'F mfjokJ/ ikD d/ pko/ g'b[; fijV/ T[`sw sohe/ ~
ngBkT[_dk j? T[j fJj j? fi; ~ shih nksfwe ;funkJh d/ fB:w d/ o{g ft`u
ikDhnK iKdk j? fe @@w;hj ft`u##. fJ; n"jd/ s'_ T[; dk noE fJj j? fijV/
w;hj ft`u jB T[j T[; dh fJe N?jBh j?, iK dkybsk d/ Bkb i[Vh j?, fi;
N?jBh s'_ ihtB fB`ebdk j? fijVk fJ; N?jBh ~ cbtzs j'D ft`u ;jkfJsk
eodk j? (:{jzBk 15L1-16).
fJ; d/ pknd g'b[; shi/ nksfwe fB:w d/ pko/ fbydk j? L @@w;hj
d/ ft`u nkswk d/ ihtB d/ fB:w B/ w+~ gkg ns/ w"s d/ fB:w s'_ n}kd
eo fd`sk j?.## id T[j ;k~ d`;dk j? fe fJj shik fB:w eh eo ;edk
j?, sK T[j nkgD/ d{i/ fB:w s/ c/o w[V nkT[_dk j? ns/ T[j fJ; fB:w d/
ft`u d' FpdK ~ i'V fdzdk j?. T[j fJ; ~ @@w"s d/ fB:w## dk BK fdzdk
j?. fJj g'b[; d/ uko nksfwe fB:wK ~ uko ftiJh b'eK d/ Bkb i'V fdzdk
j? fi; dk toDB T[j gzit/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u eodk j?. gkg okik ns/ w"s okik
~ u/s/ o`y' < w"s dk Bshik jw/Fk gkg d/ ekoB j[zdk j?.
fit/_ gfjb/ d' fti/sk wkVh ypo dk t;hbk ;B ns/ shik ns/ u"Ek
fti/sk uzrh ypo dk t;hbk ;h, T[;/ soK nksfwe fB:w d/ d' gjb{ wkVh
ypo dk t;hbk jB ns/ shik ns/ u"Ek fB:w uzrh ypo dk t;hbk jB.
shi/ nksfwe fB:w dh uzrh ypo dk ekoB fJj j? fe fJj ;k~ gkg ns/
w"s d/ fB:w s'_ n}kd eodh j?. T[; s;tho dh ebgBk eoe/ t/y' fe fJ`e
t`vk ijki iwhB d/ T[`s/ t`vh ntk} eodk j? id s`e fJj nkgDh s/} ocsko
ft`u Bjh nk iKdk ns/ c/o 375 w[;kcoK ~ ns/ eJh NB Gko ~ ns/ ;ko/
n"}koK ~ b? e/ jtk ft`u j}kok whNo dh T[funkJh s/ T[V Bjh iKdk.
fJ`e yk; w"e/ s/, w+ fJ; shi/ nksfwe fB:w d/ ftF/ s/ gquko eo
fojk ;h ns/ gquko d/ d"okB w+ fJ; T[dkjoD dk gq:'r ehsk. w+ fJ; r`b
~ ;theko ehsk fe w+~ T[; t`v/ ijk} d/ pko/ gsk Bjh j? fe T[j fezBk
t`vk j[zdk j?, jkbKfe fJ; ft`u w+ eJh tko ;co eo fbnk ;h fe fJj fezBh
T[`ukJh d/ T[vdk j?. fJ`e f\fie dk FoXkb{ gq'c?;o fijVk w/ok ;zd/F ;[D
fojk ;h T[; B/ pV/ Xhoi d/ Bkb w+~ d`f;nk fe fJj ;G fet/_ j'fJnk.
T[; B/ fJ; soK toDB ehsk fe fJj t`vk ijk} Xosh d/ T[`s/ t`vh
ntk} eodk j? sK T[; dh s/} ocsko ns/ fJ; dh wFhBoh dh Xe/b fJ;
r`b ~ ;zGt eodh j? fe T[j Xosh dh nkeoFD Fesh d/ T[`s/ fi`s gqkgs
eo ;e/. id T[j jtkJh T[vkD ft`fdnk fJ; Xosh dh nkeoFD ft`fdnk d/
T[`s/ fi`s jk;b eo b+dh j? sK ijk} jtk ft`u T[v iKdk j? ns/ j}koK whNo
ns/ feb'whNo dh T[`uh T[vkD Godk j? id s`e T[j nkgDh wzihb s/ Bjh
gj[zu iKdk.
j[D s[;h d{i/ nksfwe fB:w d/ pko/ ftuko eo', gkg ns/ w"s dk
fB:w, nkeoFB Fesh d/ fB:w d/ tKr, fijVk ;k~ cV e/ o`ydk j? ns/
30
;k~ nksfwe o{g d/ Bkb T[j T[ukJh s/ Bjh ikD fdzdk. id g'b[; ;k~
snkgD/ shi/ nksfwe fB:w d/ Bkb ikD{ eokT[_dk j?, sK T[j fJ; soK
fbydk j? fe f:;{ w;hj d/ ft`u nkswk d/ fB:w T[;/ soK j? fit/_ @@jtk rsh
ftfrnkB## j[zdk j?, fijVk ;k~ T[`uk u[`edk j? ns/ ;k~ fJBK T[`uk u[`edk j?
fe n;h gkg ns/ w"s d/ fB:w T[`s/ fi`s jk;b eo b+d/ jK.
fJj nksfwe shik fB:w id BtK B/w ft`u fbfynk frnk T[; t/
b/ s'_ T[; dk fJ`e fj`;k j' frnk. sK, eh c/o ;k~ fJ`e ftFtk;h d/ o{g ft`u
T[; T[ukJh dh ;kwoE ~ Bjh wzBDk ukjhdk fijVh ;k~ gkg d/ Bshi/ s'_ T[`uk
b? e/ ikD ft`u wdd eodh j? < tk;st ft`u pj[s ;ko/ gkghnK dk nkgDk
nB[Gt fJ; s/ pko/ eh j? :kfB fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ ikD d/ pko/
eh j? fijV/ ;kvh ebhf;:k ft`u nkT[_d/ jB <
fJ`e gkdoh j'D d/ Bks/ fi; B/ 50 ;kb s`e fJ`e ebhf;nk dh
nrtkJh ehsh j?, w+ fJ; s'_ ekfJb jK fe fJwkBdkoh ns/ fBogy itkp fJ;
;tkb d/ pko/ fJj j? fe ;kv/ ft`u' pj[s ;ko/, eJh tko fJ`e t`v jtkJh itk}
tKr T[; ijk} dh gNVh s/ p?m/ ofjzd/ jB, fijV/ :'r jB fe T[; nkeoFB
Fesh d/ T[s/ fi`s jk;b eoB, thj, shj, ukQbh ;kb, ns/ pkeh d/ ihtB
ekb d/ bJh th :'r j[zd/ jB fpBK T[; ijk} dh gNVh s'_ T[`u/ T[m/ ! feT[
n;h T[BKQ ;kohnK r`bK d/ T[`s' T[ukJh t`b Bjh T[md/ fijVhnK gkg ns/ w"s
d/ fB:w d/ okjh fJ; t`vh ehws d/ ft`u pzBh j[zdh j? <
nksfwe fB:w Bz ukoL
;'uD dk fB:w iK nkswk ;zs[bB dk fB:w
;k~ gsk jh Bjh fe fet/_ n;h gow/Fo dh feogk ~ nkgD/ bJh
gq:'r eo ;ed/ jK iK fJ; shi/ nksfwe fB:w dk gq:'r ikD jh Bjh ;ed/
i/ n;h fJ; o;{b d/ u"E/ nksfwe fB:w ~ Bjh ;wM ;ed/. id n;h fJBKQ
nkfJsK ~ fJ`e tko c/o s'_ gVd/ jK sK n;h fJ; u"E/ nksfwe fB:w ~
t/yKr/ L @@fijV/ ;ohoe jB T[j ;oho dhnK t;sK T[`s/ go fijV/ nkswe
jB T[j nkswk dhnK t;sK T[`s/ wB bkT[_d/ jB, feT[_ i' ;ohoe wBFk w"s
j? go T[j gow/Fo dh Fok d/ nXhB Bjh j? ns/ Bk jh j' ;`edh j?, ns/
fijV/ ;ohoe jB T[j gow/Fo ~ go;zB eo Bjh ;èd/ jB.##(5-8)
nkswk ;'u d/ ftF/ iK ;'uD dk sohek, fJ`e d'VB tkb/ ns/ T[;
Nhw d/ bJh pj[s jh wjs`tg{oD j?. ne;o fJj j[zdk j? fe fJ`e pj[s jh
T[`sw Nhw tbv e`g Bjh fi`s gkT[_dh iK ;'B/ dk drwk gqkgs Bjh eo
gkT[dh. T[jh ftnesh iK T[jh Nhw fi`s gkT[_dh j? fi; dh ;'u Fesh pj[s
jh uzrh j[zdh j?.
T[j okid{s fijBKQ d/ e'b :[`X ~ o'eD d/ bJh nfijhnK u[B"shnK
j[zdhnK jB fiBKQ d/ okjh T[j ;z;ko dhnK Fesh ~ wzBk b?d/ jB ns/ FKsh
~ :[`X Bkb' uzrk ;wMkT[D ft`u ;cb j'Dk ukj[zd/ jB T[BKQ ~ nkgD/ fdwkr
dh ;'u Fesh ~ nfijh gq;fEsh ft`u r`bpks eoB d/ bJh ikD s'_ gfjbK
jh fsnko eoBh g+dh j?. fijV/ ftnesh yohd co'es dk ezw eod/, vkeNo
31

fijV/ ihtB ns/ w"s d/ Bkb fuo ckV dk ezw eod/, ns/ jo XzX/ d/ b'e,
tgko, B"eoh ns/ ihtB d/ wkor ft`u ;cbsk d/ bJh fJ`e g`e/ fBFkB/ d/
Bkb n`r/ t`Xd/ jB.
fJj ;`u j? fe eJh tko fJj t/fynk iKdk j? fe gkg d/ T[`s/ fi`s
jk;b eoB d/ ft`u ;kvk fdwkrh ;zs[bB ezw eodk ns/ eJh tko Bjh eodk
j? < fijVk jtkbk T[`s/ fd`sk frnk j?, T[; ftù i' e[M ;k~ u'E/ nksfwe
fB:w d/ pko/ d`f;nk frnk j? fijVk ;kv/ bJh gkg dh ;kwoE d/ T[`s/ fi`s
jk;b eoB d/ bJh pj[s jh n"yk fj`;k j?, gzi tko g'b[; fdwkrh ;zs[bB
~ pDk e/ o`yD dh r`b eodk j?.
eh gow/Fo d/ fB:w B/ s[jkv/ ihtB ft`u gkg d/ fB:w d/ pko/ gqekF
fd`sk j? < eh s[;h T[; ndG[s uzrh ypo dh y'i ehsh j? fijVh ;k~ nkswk
d/ fB:w :kfB w;hj f:;[{ ft`u ;k~ fwbdk j?. eh s[;h gkg dh Fesh s'_
T[`uk T[v oj/ j' < eh s[;h nksfwe nkeoFB d/ T[`s/ jtk rsh ftfrnkB d/
T[`s/ fi`s jk;b ehsh j? < iK s[;h nkgD/ nksfwe i?N fJziB ~ nksfwe
T[ukJh s/ b? e/ ikD s'_ fpBK jh ijk} dh gNVh s/ jh G`ik oj/ j' < i/eo
s[jkvk itkp fJ; gqFB d/ gqsh @@jK## ft`u j? sK s[jk~ fJ; o;{b d/ u"E/
nksfwe fB:w dh b'V j? l nkswk dk ;zs[bB pDk e/ o`yD dk fB:w.
g'b[; d/ nB[;ko, id ;kv/ e'b w;hj d/ ihtB d/ nkswk dk fB:w
w"i[d j?, feT[_fe T[j fitkfbnk, ihfts w;hj ;kv/ nzdo tk; eodk j? sK
;kv/ e'b nfijk w"ek j? fe n;h u'D eo ;ed/ jK fe n;h ;oho d/ nB[;ko
ihtKr/ ns/ s[oKr/ (wB[`yh ;[GkT[ fi; ft`u gow/Fo dh wdd Bjh j[zdh) iK
n;h u'D eo ;ed/ jK fe n;h gft`so nkswk d/ fB:zsqB ft`u ihtKr/ ns/
s[oKr/ (rbkshnK 5L16-23).
n`r/ g'b[; ;oho ft`u Bjh go nkswk ft`u j'D dh r`b eodk j?,
ns/ T[; ft`u fJ; u/sktBh ~ th i'V fdzdk j? L i/eo nkswk ;kv/ ft`u tk;
Bjh eodk sK n;h T[; d/ Bjh jK ns/ ;kv/ nzdo T[; dk e[M th Bjh j?.
fJj T[/;/ soK dh f;fynk Bjh j? fit/_ ;oho d/ ft`u ihT[Dk, ;oho ft`u u`bDk,
iK ;oho dh ;'u d/ nB[;ko p?mDk.
g'b[; g{o/ fJB;kBh gfotko ~ d' fj`f;nk ft`u tzv fojk j? L nksfwe
b'e ns/ Bk;fse b'e. T[j ftnesh fijVk jkb/ th ;oho ft`u jh j? T[j
Bk;fse ftnesh j? ns/ ;z;kfoe ftnesh j? fJ; dk toDB g'b[; e[fozEhnK
d/ b'eK ~ fbydk j'fJnk eodk j?. g'b[; d/ nB[;ko fJj ;z;kfoe ftnesh
nksfwe r`bK ~ ;wM Bjh ;edk l T[; d/ bJh fJj r`bK w[oysk dhnK jB
feT[_fe nksfwe b'e jh nksfwe r`bK ~ ;wM ;ed/ jB (1e[fozEhnK 2L9-16).
id fJj o;{b ;oho d/ nB[;ko ihD d/ pko/ fbydk j?, sK T[; dk
noE j? T[; dh f;fynk s'_ fpbe[b coe j? T[; Bkb' id T[j T[; d/ @@w;hj
d/ ft`u j'D@@ d/ gqGkT[ dh r`b eodk j?. g'b[; n?E/ fJ; r`b dk n?bkB
eodk j? fe fijV/ nksfwe b'e j?, fijV/ ;oho d/ nB[;ko ihD dk u'D eod/
jB, T[j n}kdh ns/ nkgDh wo}h d/ Bkb ;oho d/ nB[;ko s[oB dk c?;bk
32
eod/ jB, ns/ fijV/ nksfwe b'e fijV/ nkswk d/ nB[;ko s[oB dk c?;bk
eod/ jB, nkgDk fdwkr nksfwe r`bK t`b bkT[_d/ jB ns/ fJj T[BK t`b'
n}kdh d/ Bkb ehsk j'fJnk u'D j[zdk j?.
g'b[; fJ; r`b dk n?bkB eodk j? fe nksfwe b'e th, fijV/ fJ;
r`b dk c?;bk eod/ jB fe T[j w;hj d/ fg`S/ s[oBr/, T[j ;oho d/ nB[;ko
s[o e/ gow/Fo ~ y[F Bjh eo ;ed/. T[j fJj r`b th Bkb i'Vdk j? fe
fijV/ nksfwe jB, T[j fJj th t/yDr/ fe id n;h nkgDk wB ;oho d/
T`[s/ bkT[_d/ jK, sK n;h t/yd/ jK fe gkg jw/Fk fJ; dh ehws fdzdk j?. T[j
ehws ci{b dhnK r`bK iK Bekokswe Bshi/ j[zd/ jB fi; dk noE j?
@@w"s##. (o'whnK 6L23 l 8L2) w"s s'_ g'b[; dk noE n;bh w"s s'_ Bjh j? fJj
w"s fi; ft`u T[; dk gow/Fo s'_ nbrkT[ j' iKdk j?, ns/ T[; T[s`w ihtB
s'_ foFsk N[`ND dk Bshik ;k~ gow/Fo s'_ jh gsk b`rdk j? (:{jzBk 17L3).
nksfwe b'eK d/ e'b fJ`e w"ek j[zdk j? id fe fJj w"ek Bk;fse
b'eK d/ e'b Bjh j[zdk. nkgD/ fdwkr ~ nksfwe r`bK s/ bk e/ nksfwe
ihtB d/ nB[;ko s[oBk, fijVk f:;{ B/ ;k~ d`f;nk j?, @@pj[skns dk
ihtB@@(:{jzBk 10L10). g'b[; o;{b fJ; dk fBFeoF fJj fbydk j'fJnk fdzdk
j? L @@ns/ T[j ;kyh fJj j? GJh gow/Fo B/ ;k~ ;dhge ihtB fd`sk ns/
fJj ihtB T[j d/ g[s`o ft`u j?, fij d/ e'b g[s`o j? T[j d/ e'b ihtB j?.##
(1:{jzBk 5L11,12)
f:;[{ B/ fJj f;ykfJnk fe i/eo ;kvk fXnkB fJ`e gk;/ j?, iK
szdo[;s j?, ;kvk ;oho th ukDB d/ Bkb G`fonk oj/rk go i/ fXnkB fJ`e
gk;/ Bjh j?, sK ;kvk ;oho nzXeko d/ Bkb G`fonk oj/rk. f:;{ d/ nB[;ko
ukDB d/ Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ihtB (y[FhnK tkbk) ns/ nzXeko d/ Bkb Gfonk
j'fJnk ihtB (fBokFktK tkbk), fJ; r`b ~ ftykT[_dk j? fe n;h fe; soK
uh}K ~ t/yd/ jK (w`sh 6L22,23). f:;{ fJ`e uzrh u/sktBh fdzdk j? fi; ~
n;h @@nksfwe d[ckV wkB;esk## dk BK d/ ;ed/ jK iK @@nksfwesk dk
d'jok doFB## nky ;ed/ jK. :ke{p 1L8 ft`u d`f;nk frnk j? fijVk
ftnesh d' wBK ft`u ftuko eodk j? iK d[fu`sk j? T[j n;fEo ftnesh j[zdk
j?, T[j fjufeukjN wfj;{; eodk j?, Fe eodk j?, ftFtk;:'r Bjh j[zdk
ns/ jo r`b ft`u, wfj;{; eoB ft`u ns/ c?;bk eoB ft`u n;fEo ofjzdk
j?. g'b[; th o'whnK dh gsqh d/ S/t/_, ;st/_ ns/ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u fJj'
u/sktBh fdzdk j?.
f:;[{, g'b[;, ns/ d{i/ o;{bK ns/ BphnK B/ fJ; fpwkoh dh jkbs
tkb/ nksfwe fdwkr ~ eJh BKtK d/ pokpo i'fVnk j?. J/bh:k Bph B/ nkgD/
fdBK ft`u gow/Fo d/ b'eK ~ fJj nky e/ u[B"sh fd`sh, @@Gbk, s[;h ed she
d' fynkbK T[`s/ bzrVk e/ u`b'r/< i/ :j'tkj gow/Fo j? sK T[j d/ wro b`r'
go i/ pnkb j? sK T[j d/ wro b`r' sK b'eK B/ T[; d/ T[`so ft`u fJ`e
r`b th Bk nkyh !## (1 okik 18L21)
o;{b :{jzBk B/ fJj fbfynk j? fe fijVk T[; ~ fitkb/, ns/ ihfts
33

w;hj s'_ gqekF gqkgs j'fJnk T[j T[; B/ nc;hnK dh ebhf;nk ~ fbfynk.
T[j Bt/_ B/w dh nkyoh feskp gqkgs eo fojk ;h - gq/oBk d/ okjh -fitkb/
w;hj d/ okjh, id T[; ~ ftFtk; d/ ekoB g'Nwk; d/ Nkg{ ft`u e?d ehsk
j'fJnk ;h. fJj ;zd/F pj[s jh io{oh ;h L @@w+ s/o/ ezwK ~ ikDdk jK GJh
s{z Bk sK mzvk j? Bk s`sk, w+ ukj[zdk ;K i' s{z mzvk :k s`sk j[zdk, ;' s{z
;hbrow i' j?, Bk s`sk Bk mzvk, fJ; ekoB w+ s+~ nkgD/ w{zj ft`u' T[rb
;[`NKrk.## (gqekF dh g"Eh 3L15,16)
:ke{p, fijVk gso; ns/ g'b[; d/ Bkb T[; gfjbh ghVh ebhf;nk
d/ wjkB nr{tk ft`u' fJ`e ;h b'eK ~ fBod/F fdzdk j? fe T[j gow/Fo s'_
p[`X dh wzr eoB id T[j nfijh EK T[`s/ gj[zu iKd/ jB fiE/ T[BKQ ~ gsk
Bjh b`rdk fe T[jBK ~ eh eoBk j?. tfvnkJh d/ ftF/ fJ`e wjs`tg{oD s`s
s/ :ke{p T[BKQ ~ ns/ ;k~ u/sktBh fdzdk j? fe id n;h T[; gow/Fo s'_ p[`X
dh wzr eod/ jK sK n;h fJ; r`b s' ikD{ j' ikJhJ/ fe ;k~ ftFtk; ft`u
wip{s j'Dk j?. ;k~ ;w[zdo dh bfjo d/ tKr Bjh j'Dk, fe gfjbk n;h fJ`e
ftFtk; d/ ft`u j'JhJ/ ns/ E'Vh d/o d/ pknd d{i/ gk;/ j' ikJhJ/. fJBKQ
;wf;nktK d/ bJh fijVk yk; BK f:;[{ w;hj B/, g'b[; B/, ns/ J/fb:kj ns/
:{jzBk B/ fd`sk j? T[j fJ; soK fbfynk frnk j? L @@T[j d[fu`sk fJB;kB j?
ns/ ftukoK ft`u ;fEo Bjh j? !##
ftneshrs o{g d/ ft`u gq:'r
fJ`e tko w+ fJ`e wB'ftfrnkB d/ gq'c?;o ~ fJ; ;wf;nk d/ pko/,
nkyd/ ;[fDnk, @@;funkJh d/ ;theko eoB d/ bJh pzd ftGkr##. T[; B/ ;k~
fejk fe nkgD/ fdwkr dk fJ`e u`eo iK r'b neko d/ o{g ft`u ftuko eo'.
T[; r'b/ d/ nzdo ;kv/ e'b fJ`e ftuko j?, fijVk fe ;ekokswe ftuko j?,
wzB bt' fit/_ w/o/ e'b ftFtk; j?, ns/ fJ; ekoB w+~ fe;/ uh} dk vo Bjh
j?. sd ;kv/ e'b fJ`e j'o ftuko j[zdk j? fijVk fe ;kv/ gfjb/ ftuko d/
f;Xk T[ `bN j[zdk j?. id fJBK d'jK ftukoK ~ b? e/ ;kv/ fdwkr ftù wsG/d g?dk
j' iKdk j?, sK T[; d/ ekoB ;kv/ fY`v ft`u i]w d/ tKr j'D b`rdk j? fijVk
;k~ fJ; r`b ~ b[ekT[_D ft`u th wdd Bjh eo gkT[_dk fe ;k~ fe;/ r`b
dh fuzsk j?, ns/ tk;st ft`u n;h vo d/ Bkb G`i/ fcod/ jK.
fJ; soK d/ wsG/dK d/ ftueko ihtB ihT[D d/ Bkb n;h nkgD/
fdwkr d/ mhe ftueko fJ`e ebgBk eoB tkbk fdwkr fsnko eo b+d/ jK
ns/ fJBK d'jK ftukoK ~ n;h T[; ;funkJh d/ bJh pzd ftGkr ft`u pzd
eo fdzd/ jK. id n;h fuzsk eod/ jK, sK n;h nkgD/ nkg ~ ;'uD dk w"ek
jh Bjh fdzd/ fe T[j ftFtk; d/ ftF/ ftuko eo/. n;h nkgD/ nkg ~ nkyd/
jK - ns/ j'oBK ~ th - fe n;h fe;/ r`b d/ bJh fe;/ soK dh e'Jh fuzsk
Bjh eo oj/ jK feT[_fe n;h ftFtk; ft`u jK.
id n;h nkgD/ ftFtk; ~ gqrN eod/ jK fe ;k~ fe;/ uh} dh
fuzsk Bjh j?, sK n;h nkgD/ ftukoK ~ nB[wsh jh Bjh fdzd/ fe T[j fe;/
soK d/ ;ohoe fuzBK dk gorNktk eo/, fijVk ;kv/ bJh n;zGt j' iKdk j?
34
fe n;h nkgDh fuzsk d/ fceo dk fJBeko eo ;ehJ/. j' ;edk j? fe ;kv/
fdwkr ft`u Bekokswe ns/ ;ekokswe d'j/ r`bK j'D, n`v n`v j'D ns/ fJ`e
d{i/ s'_ fpbe[b n`v ehshnK j'D, T[j ;kv/ fdwkr dh ebgbk tkbh fdtko
fijVh T[; r'b/ d/ ftueko fyuh j'Jh j?.
fJ; d/ pknd gq'c?;o B/ d`f;nk fe fi; th ftuko d/ ft`u' dh j'
e/ n;h r[iod/ jK, ;kv/ ntu/sB :kdkFs ftukoK dk Gzvko ns/ wsG/d d/
ftukoK ~ g?dk eodk jK, fi; dk Bshik fJj j[zdk j? fe T[; dk gorNktk
;kv/ ;oho s'_ ;kc gqrN j'Dk F[o{ j' iKdk j? fijVk ;kvk ntu/sB fdwkr
;kv/ ;u/s fdwkr ft`u ;zd/F x`bdk j? fe fJ; ;wf;nk dk iK fJ; wsG/d
T[`sw jb T[; d/ e'b j?.
c/o T[j T[BKQ ~ T[s;kfjs eodk j? fijV/ ;bkjeko j'D d/ bJh
f;fynk gqkgs eo oj/ ;B fe T[j fJ; d'Gkrh ftukoK dh ezX ~ fi; d/ okjh
ftukoK d/ ft`u nbrkT[ g?dk j[zdk j? T[; ~ Bk pDB d/D. T[j T[BKQ ~
u/sktBh fdzdk j? fe nkw b'eK s'_ finkdk Xowh b'eK ~ fJ; dh b'V j?
feT[_fe pj[s ;ko/ nfij/ b'e jB fiBKQ dh pj[s jh T[`uh ns/ rbs sohe/
dh tckdkoh dh ;'u j[zdh j?, fi; d/ ekoB T[j nkgD/ o'}kBK ihtB ~ ;jh
sohe/ d/ Bkb u`bk Bjh gkT[_d/. T[j nkgDk T[gd/F fJ; fBFeoF d/ Bkb
ysw eodk j? fe fijV/ B?fsesk d/ fJBKQ uoBK dh f;fynk fdzd/ jB T[j b'eK
~ fdwkrh o{g d/ Bkb fpwko eod/ jB.
f:;[{ B/ f;ykfJnk fe gow/Fo dk tuB ;`uk j? ns/ ;k~ gow/Fo d/
tuB ~ ;funkJh ~ ikDB d/ bJh gVBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; s'_ n`r/, ;k~ fJj
;wogB eoBk ukjhdk j? fe id n;h gow/Fo d/ tuB ft`u ;funkJh ~ b`G
b+d/ jK, sK n;h fJ; ;funkJh ~ nkgD/ ihtB d/ ft`u bkr{ eoKr/ (:{jzBk
17L17 l 7L17 l 13L17). gow/Fo gqG{ d/ fJ; gqekF B/ w/o/ ihtB ftù gow/Fo d/
tuB d/ gqsh ftuko Xkok ~ g{oh soK spdhb eo fd`sk. w+ fJj ikD fbnk
j? ns/ s[;h th fJ; r`b ~ ikD bt'r/ fe fJj sohek j? fe n;h fJ; r`b
dk gorNktk eohJ/ fe gow/Fo dk tuB gq/oBk Gfonk gow/Fo dk tuB j?.
f:;[{ B/ fJj th f;fynk fd`sh j? fe T[; d/ tuB dkyo; d/ tKr
jB fijVh jkb/ yokp Bjh j'Jh. T[; B/ fJj u/sktBh fd`sh j? fe i/ T[;
dk dkyo; g[okB/ GKv/ ft`u o`fynk ikt/rk sK T[j yokp j' ikt/rk. feT[_fe
T[j nkgD/ ;wkoE ~ gqrN eo/rk :kfB T[j GKvK T[; dh skes ~ ;fjB
Bjh eo ;e/rk. i/eo T[j GKvK T[; dkyo; dh skes ~ ;fjB Bjh eo/rk
sK T[j N[`N ikt/rk ns/ ;kok dkyo; BFN j' ikt/rk. fJ; dk fJj th noE
j? fe T[j ;kok dkyo; fybo ikt/rk ns/ potkd j' ikt/rk (b{ek 5L37,38).
fiBKQ b'eK B/ f:;{ dh f;fynk ;[Dh ;h T[BKQ ~ T[j u/sktBh d/ fojk
;h, fe i/eo T[j fJ; tuB ~ fJ; fJokd/ d/ Bkb ;theko Bjh eod/ fe
T[j fJ; ;funkJh ~ nkgD/ ihtB ft`u gq:'r eoBr/ ns/ T[; d/ nkfrnkekoh
j'Dr/, sK fJj tuB T[BKQ d/ fdwkr ~ yokp eo d/t/rk. w+ T[; wB'ftfrnkB
d/ gq'c?;o d/ Bkb f:;{ d/ fJ; fdqFNKs dk fpnkB ehsk. T[; dk fJ; d/
35

gqsh fJj itkp ;h, @@eh s[;h nkgDh ebhf;nk ft`u fJj f;fynk fdzd/ j' fe
f:;{ dbhbK d/ okjh f;fynk fdzdk j?

fwbh ;h. fJj T[j b'e j'Dr/ fijBK d/ pko/ gow/Fo toDB eodk j? fe
fijBK d/ ihtBK ft`u ed/ ukDB Bjh j'fJnk ns/ T[BKQ B/ nkgD/ gkg d/ pko/
ed/ ikfDnk th Bjh (:{jzBk 9L40-41l 15L22). f:;[{ d/ nB[;ko gkg ;kv/ ihtB
~ T[`uk eoB ns/ n;cb eoB ft`u w;o{c ofjzdk j? T[; ukDB d/ gqsh
fijVk n;h gqkgs ehsk j?.
fJ; gsqh dhnK gfjbhnK nkfJsK ;k~ fJj g[`SD d/ bJh T[s;kfjs
eodhnK jB fe ;`u w[`u e'Jh nfijk ftnesh j? (1L20). c/o th, i/ e'Jh
nfijk ftnesh j?, sK T[; ft`u e'Jh gkg Bjh j't/rk, T[BKQ ft`u e'Jh d'F
Bjh j't/rk, ns/ T[BKQ d/ ft`u e'Jh i]w Bjh j't/rk, e'Jh f;o dod Bjh
j't/rk, iK fe;/ soK dh nKdo dh ;'}F Bjh j't/rh.
id s[;h o'whnK d/ Bkw dh gsqh d/ S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ~ gVd/ j' sK T[;
ftnesh d/ pko/ fJ`e ftuko eo' fijVk gkg tkb/ ftuko d/ Bkb Bekokswe
r'b/ dhnK r`bK ~ jh gqrN eodk j?. fJj ftnesh e'Jh GfoFNkukoh
ftnesh Bjh j't/rk, feT[_fe T[; d/ nzdo B?sesk tkbh e'Jh r`b jh Bjh
j[zdh. n`i e[M b'e fJ; ~ @@nB?se## dk BK fdzd/ jB, fi; s'_ T[BKQ dk noE
fJj j[zdk j? fe B?sesk tkbh e'Jh r`b j? jh Bjh iK T[BKQ ~ gsk jh Bjh
fe eh ;jh j? ns/ eh rbs j?. n;b ft`u fijV/ gow/Fo d/ fB:w ft`u
fBjuk eod/ jB T[j g{oh soK B?sesk ft`u ftFtk; eod/ jB, iK T[j ;jh
sohe/ d/ Bkb ikDd/ jB fe eh ;jh ns/ eh rbs j?.
id T[j fJ; gsqh d/ S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ~ fbydk j?, sK g'b[; dk
finkdk i'o fJ; t`b d/ j? fe fijV/ ;kv/ ftu' fBjuk d/ okjh fBod'F mfjokJ/
rJ/ jB, T[BKQ d/ e'b feogk j?, ns/ T[j gow/Fo d/ tuB d/ T[`/s/ fBjuk eod/
jB, T[BKQ ~ ed/ ns/ ed/ th fJ; Bekokswe fynkb d/ Bkb Bjh t/yDk ukjhdk.
d{i/ FpdK ftù, gkg dk fe;/ soK T[BKQ d/ T[s/ e'Jh fB:zsqB Bjh j't/rk.
id s[;h g'b[; d/ fJ; fJwkBdko fJeoko ~ gVd/ j', sK ;ekokswe
ns/ Bekokswe d'jK fuzBK d/ pko/ ftuko eo', ns/ T[BKQ d/ ftueko fJ`e bhe
wko e/ T[BKQ d'jK ~ n`v n`v eo fdT[. fJe nkw wFj{o rhs j? fi; ~
w+ nkgDh itkBh d/ fdBK ft`u rkT[_dk ;h, @@j"Vk d/D dh s;dhe eodk jK,
Bekokswe r`bK ~ e`v fdzdk jK i'o d/ e/ ;ekokswe r`bK ~ nkydk jK
ns/ fe;/ soK th fw;No ftueko ~ EK Bjh fdzdk !## g'b[; ~ id n;h ;`st/
_nfXnkfJ ft`u fwbd/ jK, @@T[; dh jkbs fw;No ftueko## tkbh j? fijVk
fJ; T[go fd`s/ wy'fbnk rhs ft`u n;h t/yd/ jK. fijVk fJ; s'_ th
wjs`tg{oD j? T[j fJj j? fe @@fw;No ftueko## f:;{ w;hj d/ okjh fJ`e
soch s;tho, dkT{d, nbhFk, :{jzBk, :ke{p ns/ g'b[; fJ; fBFeoF s/ gj[zu/
fe T[j @@nGkr/## wB[`y jB. (o'whnK 7L24)
id s[;h fJ; gsqh d/ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ ~ gVd/ j', sK nkgD/ fdwkr
ft`u e/tb ;ekokswe r`bK dk jh ftuko eo'. T[; r'b/ ft`u fJ`e fdwkr
d/ ftuko jh j'Dr/ ns/ T[; ft`u T[j ftuko ns/ ukDB j't/rk fi; d/ pko/
f:;{ B/ f;fynk fd`sh j?. fJj T[j gq:'r eoB ns/ nkfrnkeko j'D dh r`b
38
j? fi; dh g'b[; B/, o;{bK B/, ns/ BphnK B/ y'i ehsh j?. fijVk r'bk
;ekokswe ftukoK d/ Bkb Gfonk j[zdk j? T[; ft`u g'b[; d/ okjh fd`s/ rJ/
shi/ nksfwe fB:w ~ gq:'r ft`u fbnkT[D d/ bJh fJ`e soch s;tho fd`sh
rJh j?, fi; ft`u fJ`e gkgh ~ Xowh mfjokJ/ ns/ nkfrnkekoh j'D d/ bJh
;kwoE gqdkB ehsh rJh j? sK i' T[j gow/Fo d/ fB:w dh gkbBk eoe// gkg
ns/ w"s d/ fB:w d/ T[s/ fi`s jk;b eo/.
nkswk dh ;jh ;'u dk fB:w j'o e[M Bjh go e/tb n}kdh d/ Bkb
u'D eoe/ T[j g'b[; o;{b d/ shi/ nksfwe fB:w ~ bkr{ eoB tkbh jh r`b
j?. wB'ftfrnkB d/ tKr Bjh fi; d/ e'b e'Jh ;woE Bjh T[BKQ b'eK ~ d/D d/
bJh fijVh T[; fdtko ~ j`Nk ;e/ fijVh T[BKQ ~ d[fu`sk ns/ nGkrkk
pDkT[_dh j?, g'b[; f:;{ w;hj ft`u nkswk d/ ihtB d/ bJh w"ek fdzdk j? fi;
d/ okjh gkg ns/ w"s d/ fB:w d/ T[`s/ fi`s gqkgs eo ;ed/ jB.
fJBK nkfJsK ~ c/o s'_ gV' ns/ fit/_ s[;h eod/ j' fJBK dk fBfoyD
eo' fiBKQ ~ T[j bkr{ eodk ns/ T[; ;funkJh d/ T[`s/ i'o fdzdk j? fe fpBK
gow/Fo dh nkswk d/ ;kwoE d/ Bk e/tb n;h gkg d/ T[`s/ jh fi`s gqkgs
eoB ft`u n;woE f;`X j'tKr/. i/ ;kv/ e'b gft`so nkswk Bjh j? sK ;kvk
w;hj ns/ gow/Fo d/ Bkb e'Jh th fj`;k Bjh. go i/ ;kvk ;zpzX w;hj d/
Bkb j? sK ;kv/ e'b nkswk j?, ns/ ;k~ fJj tkfJdk fd`sk frnk j? fe n;h
B?se ;ohoK ~ ihtB d/tKr/ L@@go s[;h ;ohoe Bjh ;r' nksfwe j' go sd/
i/ gow/Fo dk nkswk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j't/ gozs{ fij d/ ft`u w;hj dk
nkswk Bjh j? ;' T[j Uj dk Bjh j?, go i/ w;hj s[jkv/ ft`u j? sK d/jh
gkg d/ ekoB wo rJh go nkswk Xow d/ ekoB ihts j? ns/ i/ T[j dk
nkswk fij B/ f:;{ ~ w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j? sK fij
B/ w;hj f:;[{ ~ w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk T[j nkgD/ nkswk d/ t;hb/ Bkb
fijVk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j? s[jkvhnK woBjko d/jhnK ~ th fitkJ/rk.@@
(o'whnK 8L9-11)
i' e[M T[; B/ uko nksfwe fB:wK d/ pko/ fbfynk j? T[; dk T[j
;oKF fJ; soK fdzdk j?, @@;' j/ Gokt', n;h eo}dko jK go ;oho d/ Bjh_
i' ;oho d/ nB[;ko T[wo e`NhJ/ sK s[jk~ woBk gt/rk go i/ nkswk Bkb d/jh
d/ eko}K ~ wko' sK s[;h iht'r/.## (12-13)
ftneshrs gq:'r L
s[;h feE/ j' <
i' e[M w+ s[jk~ fJBKQ r'fbnK d/ o{ge d/ okjh d`f;nk j? T[j S/t/
_;s`t/ ns/ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ d/ ftF/ ft`u ftF/F ;zd/F j? ns/ n`mt/ nfXnkfJ
dhnK gfjbhnK 13 nkfJsK pj[s jh wj`stg{oD jB. s[;h nkgD/ nkg ~ fJBK
r'fbnK ft`u' fe; r'b/ ft`u gkT[_d/ j' < eh s[;h nkgD/ nkg ~ T[; r'b/ ft`u
gkT[_d/ j' fi; d/ ftF/ g'b[; B/ o'whnK d/ S/t/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u fbfynk j? < eh
s[jkv/ fdwkr ft`u e'Jh th ;ekokswe fuzB Bjh j? < i/ s[;h fJ; EK s/ j'
sK s[jk~ ;[DB, ;wMD, ns/ s[jk~ ;[;wkuko s/ ftFtk; eoB dh b'V j?
39

fijVk g'b[; B/ o'whnK d/ b'eK ~ pj[s jh y[p;[osh ns/ fB:w nB[;ko
fbfynk j? ns/ nfij/ uzr/ sohe/ d/ Bkb T[; B/ fJ; dk toDB fJ`e
wjs`pg{oD sohe/ d/ Bkb fJ; gsqh ft`u ehsk j?.
eh s[;h nkgD/ nkg ~ T[; r'b/ ft`u gkT[_d/ j' fi; ft`u ;ekokswe
ns/ Bekokswe fuzB jB < sK s[jk~ b'V j? fe s[;h T[; r'b/ ft`u ikT[_ fi;
ft`u e/tb ;ekokswe fuzB jh jB. d{i/ FpdK ft`u, i/ s[;h Bjh ukj[zd/ fe
s[;h fJ`e nGkrh ftnesh d/ tKr ikD/ ikT sK s[jk~ b'V j? fe s[;h fJ;
r`b dk fXnkB eo' ns/ nkgDh nGkrh jkbs d/ j`b pj[s jh nB[Gth sohe/
d/ Bkb ;`st/ nfXnkfJ s' n`mt/ nfXnkfJ dhnK fJ; gq/fos gsqh t`b ikT.
nfXnkfJ 4
@@fti/sk Bkb' t`X##
id s[;h n`mt/ nfXnkfJ dk pkeh fj`;k gVd/ j', sK g'b[; dh fbfys
dk fBohyD eo' fe gow/Fo jo ftnesh d/ nzdo Bjh j?. gow/Fo e/tb T[BKQ
ft`u jh j? fijV/ ftFtk; d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB, ns/ fBjuk d/ okjh
T[BKQ B/ gow/Fo dh feogk ~ gqkgs ehsk j?. gow/Fo jo/e d/ Bkb Bjh j?.
gow/Fo e/tb T[BKQ d/ Bkb j? fijV/ T[; dh nkfrnk dk gkbB eod/ jB.
T[j ;GBK d/ bJh Bjh j?. T[j e/tb T[BKQ d/ bJh j? fijV/ T[; ~ fgnko
eod/ jB ns/ T[; d/ T[d/F nB[;ko p[bkJ/ rJ/ jB. g'b[; fJ; dk fBFeoF
fJ; soK eodk j? fe i/ gow/Fo ;kv/ nzdo j?, ;kv/ Bkb j? ns/ ;kv/ bJh
j?, sK Xosh dh e'Jh skes, Xosh d/ j/mK, Xosh d/ T[`go, nshs ft`u,
toswkB ft`u iK G`fty ft`u e'Jh nfijh Fesh Bjh fijVh ;k~ gow/Fo d/
fgnko s'_ n`v eo ;e/ - ns/ T[; dh fJ`Sk s'_ fe T[j ;kv/ ft`u ;kv/ nzdo
ns/ ;kv/ okjh eh eoBk ukj[zdk j?.
o'whnK d/ BK dh gsqh ns/ T[; d/ n`mt/_ nfXnkfJ dhnK nkyoh 25
nkfJsK ~ g{oh pkJhpb dk wjs`tg{oD ns/ fFo"wDh g?ok wzBhnK iKdk j?.
tuB dk fJj g?ok j'o tuBK d/ Bkb pokpoh d/ o{y s'_ t/fynk iKdk j? sK
fJj T[;/ soK T[`uk j? fit/_ fJ; ;z;ko d/ gots dh fN`;h d{i/ gots dh fN`;h
d/ Bkb fwbkJh iKdh j?.
id w+ g'b[; d/ uko nksfwe fB:wK ~ fJ; soK BK fd`sk j? fe fJj
fJ; fJzihb ft`u o;{b d/ okjh T[;/ soK gqrN ehsk frnk j?. ukj/ e[M th
j't/ fijV/ gq;zr ~ T[; B/ gzit/_ nfXnkfJ ft`u F[o{ ehsk j? fe Gkt/_ fJ`e
ftnesh fezBK th gkgh j't/ id T[; ~ fJ`e Xowh x'fFs eo fd`sk iKdk j?
sK T[j ;jh ihtB ih ;edk j?, fi; dk toDB fJ; nfXnkfJ dhnK nkyoh
nkfJsK ft`u brksko ehsk ik fojk j? T[j w;hj f:;{ ft`u fJ`e i/s{ s'_ t`X
j?. ;funkJh j[D g'b[; gqrN eodk j?, fijVk fJ; tuB dk ;G s'_ T[`sw
go;zr pD iKdk j? T[j fJj j? fe n;h ;ko/ wjkB i/s{ j' ;ed/ jK, feT[_fe
;kvk ;o's gow/Fo j?, fJ; ;ko/ ezw d/ fg`S/ ns/ ;kv/ nksfwe fi`s dk T[d/F.
u/s/ o`y' fe gzit/ nfXnkfJ dh d{ih nkfJs fbyD d/ pknd fe n;h
40
ftFtk; d/ okjh feogk ft`u gqt/F eo iKd/ jK, T[j uko i/s{nK dk toDB
eodk j? fijBk s'_ ;k~ gsk u`bdk j? fe fet/_ w;hj dh feogk d/ Bkb n;h
ihtB ft`u oki eoBk j? (5L17). gkg T[s/ fi`s jk;b eoB dk go;zr ns/
fJ; d/ Bshi/ S/t/_ ;`st/_ ns/ n`mt/ nfXnkfJ dhnK gfjbhnK 25 nkfJsk s`e
tofDs jB. g'b[; pj[s jh db/oh, ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb ns/ v{zx/ sohe/ d/
Bkb T[;/ ;zd/F ~ nkgD/ uko i/s{nK d/ o{ge d/ okjh fJBKQ uko nksfwe
fB:wK ~ g/F eodk j?.
Gkt/_ e[M th j't/ fJ`e j'o wjkB go;zr d/ pko/ pj[s jh wfjwktzs
sohe/ d/ Bkb fJ`e ftFtk;h dh nksfwe fi`s ~ g/F ehsk frnk j?. T[j
nb'fee dybnzdk}h ;ot;woEh ftiJh gow/Fo dh j?, fijVk ;kv/ ft`u T[;
:[`X ~ fis/rk, ;kv/ okjh, ;kv/ Bkb ns/ ;kv/ tk;s/. fJ; s'_ gfjbK fe T[j
T[; dh wjs`tg{oD go;zr dh ikD gfjukD eokt/, T[j T[BKQ b'eK dh nksfwe
gfjukD ~ u[B"sh fdzdk j? fiBKQ ~ T[j fby fojk j? L @@go s[;h ;ohoe Bjh
;r' nksfwe j' go sd/ i/ gow/Fo dk nkswk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j't/ gozs{
fij d/ ft`u w;hj dk nkswk Bjh j? ;' T[j Uj dk Bjh j?, go i/ w;hj
s[jkv/ ft`u j? sK d/jh gkg d/ ekoB wo rJh go nkswk Xow d/ ekoB ihts
j? ns/ i/ T[j dk nkswk fij B/ f:;{ ~ w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk s[jkv/ ft`u
t`;dk j? sK fij B/ w;hj f:;[{ ~ w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk T[j nkgD/ nkswk
d/ t;hb/ Bkb fijVk s[jkv/ ft`u t`;dk j? s[jkvhnK woBjko d/jhnK ~ th
fitkJ/rk.@@ (o'whnK 8L9-11)
fijV/ nksfwe gfjukD d/ gqFB g'b[; u[`edk j? T[BKQ ft`u' e[M gqFB
fJ; soK jB L @@eh s[;h ;oho ft`u j' iK s[;h nkswk ft`u j'

c/o w[V e/ vo' ;r' b/gkbe g[s`o j'D dk nkswk fwfbnk fi; eoe/ n;h
@@npk##, j/ fgsk, g[ekod/ jK, T[j nkswk nkg ;kv/ nkswk d/ Bkb ;kyh fdzdk
j? GJh n;h gow/Fo d/ pkbe jK, ns/ i/ pkbe jK sK nXekoh th jK, gow/Fo
d/ nXekoh ns/ w;hj d/ Bkb d[y M`bhJ/ GJh T[j d/ Bkb n;h tfvnkJ/
ikJhJ/. (14-17)
fJ`e nkw f;fynk fJj j? fe gow/Fo ;G b'eK dk fgsk j? ns/ fJ;
bJh n;h ;ko/ i' wB[`y nkg; ft`u GkJh G?D jK. :{jzBk dh fJzihb ft`u fJj
pj[s jh ;gFN fpnkB fd`sk frnk j? fe fijV/ ftFtk; eod/ jB ns/ w;hj
~ ;theko eod/ jB T[BKQ ~ fJj ;kwoE fd`sk iKdk j? fe T[j gow/Fo d/
g[s`o pD ikD. ;kwoE d/ bJh fJBKQ nkfJsK ft`u fi; Fpd dh tos'_ ehsh
rJh j? T[j :{BkBh Fpd j? fijVk nfXeko d/ bJh gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?.
:{jzBk fJj f;fynk d/ fojk j? id f:;[{ fJ; ;z;ko d/ ft`u nkT[_dk
j? ns/ b'e T[; ~ ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb T[`so fdzd/ jB, iK fBjuk d/ Bkb,
sK T[BKQ dk g[Bo iBw j' iKdk j? ns/ T[BKQ ~ fJj nfXeko fd`sk iKdk j?
fe T[j ftuko eoB ns/ nkgD/ nkg ~ gow//Fo d/ g[sò ;wMD (:{jzBK 1L12,13).
i/ gfjbK s'_ jh ;koh wB[`yh iks gow/Fo d/ g[s`o jB, sK c/o w;hj f:;{ d/
ihtB ns/ w"s dh e'Jh n?jfwns Bjh ofj iKdh.
id tuB ft`u wodktK @@g[s`o## dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j? sK fJ; dk
noE e/tb g[oF s'_ jh Bjh j? ns/ fJ;sohnK nb?jdk Bjh jB. fJj Fpd
fiB;h j? ns/ fJ; ftù ;ko/ b'e Fkwb jB Gkt/_ T[BKQ dk e'Jh th fbzr j't/. id
g'b[; fJj fbydk j? sK T[; dk fJ; s'_ fJj' noE j? fe w;hj ft`u Bk e'Jh
Bo ns/ Bk e'Jh Bkoh j? (rbkshnK 3L28). n;h ;ko/ w;hj ftù fJ`e jK.
g'b[; fJ; foFs/ dh fJe soch s;tho ~ fcfb`ghnK dh ebhf;nk
~ fJj fbyd/ j'J/ T[ikro eodk j? fe fJ`e p[`Yk ftnesh fijVk nkgDh
ebhf;nk ft`u' e?d ft`u T[; d/ bJh s'c/ b? e/ nkfJnk (fcfb`ghnK 2L25-30).
T[j T[; p[`Y/ ftnesh ~ nkgDk GkJh nkydk j?, nkgDk ;kEh, nkgDk c"ih
;kEh, T[BKQ dk okid{s, ns/ fJè nfijk ftnesh fijVk T[; d/ b'V d/ t/b/ T[;
d/ ezw nkT[_dk j?. GkJh s'_ g'b[; dk noE fJj j? fe T[j fJ`e ftFtk;h ;h
ns/ T[; ~ fJj nfXeko fd`sk frnk fe T[j nkgD/ nkg ~ @@gow/Fo dk
g[s`o## nky ;e/. c"ih ;kEh dk noE j? fe T[; B/ g'b[; d/ Bkb nkgD/ ihtB
dk w;hj d/ bJh ns/ ;[;wkuko d/ bJh ysoK w[b fbnk. pkeh f;ob/y dk
th nfijk jh noE j?.
g'b[; B/ ;gFN ns/ f;XKs Fk;so d/ nXko fJj fpnkB fdzdk j? fe
e/tb T[jh fizBK ft`u w;hj nkswk tk; eodk j? w;hj d/ Bkb ;zpzfXs jB.
c/o T[j fJ; ~ fB`i nksfwe gfjukD d/ Bkb i'Vdk j? ns/ gow/Fo d/ g[s`o
j'D d/ Bkb i'Vdk j? id fJj fbydk j? L @@fizB/ nkswk d/ u`bkJ/ u`bd/ jB
T[j gow/Fo d/ g[s`o jB.## id gft`so nkswk ;kv/ nzdo tk; eodk j? sK
n;h w;hj d/ jK, ns/ g'b[; d/ nB[;ko id n;h gft`so nkswk d/ u`bkJ/
u`bd/ jK sK n;h gow/Fo d/ g[s`o j' iKd/ jK.
42
fJ; d/ pknd fJ`e w'j b+D tkbh f;fynk j? fi; ft`u fJ; s/ Bkb
o`bdh fwbdh ;funkJh j? fijVh T[j rbkshnK dh ebhf;nk ~ fbydk j?.
T[j w[b o{g d/ Bkb fJjBK gq/oBK Go/ ysK ft`u fJj fby fojk j? fe id
nkswk ;kvh nkswk d/ Bkb fwb e/ rtkjh fdzdk j? fe n;h gow/Fo d/ g[s`o
jK, T[; t/b/ n;h g[eko T[md/ jK @@npk, j/ fgsk.## (rbkshnK 4L6) noph
GkFk ft`u @@npk## Fpd fgsk d/ bJh fJ;s/wkb ehsk iKdk j?. n;b ft`u
fJ; s'_ fJ`e ftF/F foFsk, B}dheh foFsk ns/ nksfwe nB[Gt fwbdk j?.
fJ`e tko w+ fJ`e ;bkjeko ~ g[`fSnk fe id w+ fJ`e itkB gkdoh
;h sK T[; t/b/ w+~ e"D f;fynk d/ fojk ;h, @@s[;h fe;/ ftFtk;h ~ T[dko
dh fet/_ rozNh fdzd/ j' fijVk ftFtk; sK eodk j? go T[; ft`u :ehB Bjh
j[zdk

th gqkgs eoKr/ L @@i/ n;h T[j d/ Bkb d[y M`bhJ/ GJh T[j d/ Bkb n;h
tfvnkJ/ ikJhJ/, ns/ ;foFNh t`vh ukj Bkb gow/Fo d/ g[s`oK d/ goekF j'D
~ T[vhedh j?.##(17,19)
j[D g'b[; d' BthnK r`bK gkgh d/ Xowh mfjokJ/ ikD d/ pko/
nksfwe fi`s d/ ftF/ ft`u gkg d/ T[s/ fi`s jk;b eoB d/ ftF/ eodk j?.
gfjbh, T[j nksfwe fi`s ns/ d[yK d/ tkX/ dh r`b eodk j?. c/o T[j nkgDh
f;fynk dk ;G s'_ wjs`tg{oD ns/ ;kwoEh wkg dh r`b eodk j? id T[j
fJ`e ftFtk;h dh ;dhge ekb d/ ihtB ft`u nksfwe fi`s dh r`b eodk j?.
fJ; s' gfjbK fe w+ g'b[; d/ fby/ nksfwe B}dheh soeh d/ ftF/ r`b eoK
ns/ nrb/ wkg dh r`b eoK fJj pj[s jh io{oh j? fe s[;h w/o/ Bkb w/o/ T[;
ftuko s/ fXnkB eo' fe T[j fe; soK nksfwe T[Bsh ~ ;kv/ d[yk d/ Bkb
ns/ ihtB dh fi`s d/ Bkb i'Vdk j?.
pj[s b'e fJj rbs sohe/ d/ Bkb f;ykT[_d/ jB fe gow/Fo ed/
Bjh ukj[zdk fe T[; d/ b'e d[y u[`eD, fpwko ofjD, rohp ofjD iK fe;/
soK dh ;ys fwjBs eoB. fJj T[j f;fynk Bjh fijVh pkJhpb ft`u f;ykJh
iKdh j? ns/ g'b[; ukj[zdk j? fe n;h fJ; ;funkJh ~ ikD ikJhJ/. eh s[;h fJ`e
nfij/ ftFtk;h oj/ j' fe s[;h fJj ;G e[M wfj;{; ehsk j? fe nksfwe T[Bsh
ns/ gkg d/ T[`s/ fi`s, d[yk ns/ go/FkBhnK d/ Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB< f:;[{ w;hj d/
nB[;ko, id n;h fJ`e NfjBh d/ tKr jK sK T[j cbtzs j[zdh j? feT[_fe n;h
mhe sohe/ d/ Bkb T[; d/ Bkb dky dh NfjBh d/ o{g ft`u j[zd/ jK fi; dh
fgsk SNkJh eodk j?, iK T[j ~ eN`dk j? feT[_fe n;h NfjBh d/ tKr jK
ns/ n;h j'o finkdk cb fbnk ;ehJ/ (:{jzBk 15L2). fJ; gw;zr ft`u
finkdkso ;kv/ d[y SNkJh d/ o{g ft`u t/y/ ik ;ed/ jB pikJ/ fJj d/ T[BKQ
~ nkgD/ ihtB ft`u fJ`e o[ektN d/ o{g ft`u wfj;{; eohJ/.
g'b[; o;{b nfij/ d[y d/ bJh ;kv/ ;kjwD/ fJ`e t`vh T[dkjoD j?.
T[; ~ pko pko e?d ft`u pzd eo fd`sk iKdk ;h. fJ; ;w/ ft`u T[; B/ nkgD/
gzi wjs`tg{oD ys fby/. T[j fJBKQ wjhfBnK ft`u cbtzs f;fynk ns/ gquko
eo ;edk ;h l go gow/Fo ~ T[; s'_ finkdk cb ukjhdk ;h fijVk ;wK
T[; B/ e?d ft`u pshs ehsk. j[D brGr d' j}ko ;kb j' u[`e/ jB fe T[;
d/ g/qoBk Go/ ys fijV/ T[; B/ e?d ft`u fby/ ;B T[; d/ okjh b`yK b'eK ~
T[dko ns/ poesK gqkgs j'Jhnk jB.
fJj g?ok fijVk g'b[; B/ fbfynk j? T[; s/ ftuko eo' fJ; s'_ ;k~
T[; d/ fB`i d[yk dk nB[Gt gsk brdk j?. w+ fJ; g?o/ ~ wB/ gowB/ tke
s'_ fbnk j? fi; d/ okjh ;k~ ;jkfJsk fwbdh j? fe n;h g'b[; d/ ihtB d/
d[yK ~ j'o finkdk ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb ;wM ikJhJ/.
@@w+ ;ys fwjBs ehsh ns/ T[`zBh tko i/b ftù frnk fizBh tko w/oh ;wM
ft`u FkfJd j'o e'Jh th Bjh frnk j't/rk. w+~ nDfrDs tko ukpe wko/
rJ/ ns/ pko pko w+ w"s dk ;kjwDk ehsk. gzi tko fJBKQ :j{dhnK B/ w+~
39 fGnkBe e'V/ wko/. fszB tko w+~ vzv/ d/ Bkb wkfonk frnk. (fJ; sok
44
dh ;}k d/Dk o'wh b'eK dh ohs ;h fi; ~ p+s wkoBk th fejk iKdk ;h ns/
fJj f;zrkg[o ft`u n`i th bkr{ j?. fJj vzv/ ukpe Bkb' th wkV/ j[zd/ jB
feT[_fe fJ; d/ Bkb T[j wk; g/FhnK ~ ckV fdzd/ jB ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb j`vh
th N[`N ;edh j?.) @@fJe tko t`vh GhV d/ okjh gEotkj ehsk frnk ns/
woB d/ bJh S`v fd`sk frnk (o;{bK d/ eos`p 14). fszB tko w/ok ijk}
N[N frnk, fJ`e tko w+ y[b/ ;w[zdo g{oh oks ns/ nrb/ fdB d/ bJh ;[N
fd`sk frnk. (o;{bk d/ eos`p 27,28) w+ pj[s finkdk go/FkBhnK d/ ft`u d[yK
ns/ T[BhdhnK oksK d/ ftu' dh j' e/ frnk. w+ G[yk ns/ fgnk;k fojk ns/
G'iB d/ pr?o fojk l w+ mzv d/ Bkb epzdk fojk, g{o/ fbV/ th sB s/ Bjh
;B fi; d/ Bkb w/ok ;oho row oj ;e/.## (2e[fozEhnK 11L23-27)
eh s[;h t/y ;ed/ j' fe g'b[; nksfwe so`eh ~ fi`s d/ d[yk d/ Bkb
feT[_ i'V fojk j?< feT[_fe d[y pj[s ;ko/ jfEnkoK ft`u' fJ`e jfEnko j? fi;
dh tos'_ gow/Fo eodk j? id T[j ;k~ Bth_ ;foFN pDkT[_dk j?, gow/Fo
fJ;s/wkb eodk j?, iK eh s[;h T[; ~ nB[wsh fdzd/ j' fe s[jkvh nksfwe
T[Bsh d/ bJh T[j s[jk~ d[yk d/ okjh fJ;s/wkb eo ;e/ < eh s[;h nkgD/
fB`i ihtB ft`u fJ; nB[Gt ~ fby ;ed/ j' fijVk s[;h nksfwe :ksok ft`u
;fjD ehsk < fJ; r`b dk :ehB eo bt' fe s[jkvk d[y ykbh Bjh ikt/rk.
g'b[; nkgD/ fJ`e j'o gq/oBk Go/ ys ft`u fbydk j? fe n;h ;ko/
gow//Fo d/ ekw/ jK. w+ fJ`e fJwkos pDkT[D tkb/ ftnesh ~ ikDdk jK fe
id T[; B/ nkgDh y[p;[os fJokws dk fBowkB eo fbnk sK T[j T[; dh
s;tho T[BKQ d/ e'b b? e/ ikt/rk fijV/ nkgDh fJwkos dk fBowkB eoBk
ukj[zd/ jB. T[j T[; fJwkos dhnK y[phnK T[; ftnesh d/ ;kjwD/ o`y/rk,
@@gow/Fo dhs feogk d/ Bkb fJj w/ok ezw j?.## g'b[; d/ nB[;ko, gow/Fo
;kv/ ft`u' jo/e ~ fJj nky ;e/, @@fJj w/ok ezw j? !## (nc;hnK 2L10)
fijV/ i'V/ ftnkj d/ pzXzB ft`u pzB iKd/ jB ns/ nkgDh ;[jkroks
wBkT[_D d/ bJh iKd/ jB, w+ fJ`e gkdoh ~ ikDdk jK fe T[j T[BKQ d/ xo
iK T[BKQ d/ ewo/ d/ pkjo p[j/ T[`s/ fJj fby d/ nkT[_dk j? @@;ktXkB## gow/Fo
nkgDk ezw eo fojk j?. T[j T[BKQ i'fVnK ~ fJj u/s/ eokT[_Dk ukj[zdk j? fe
T[BKQ ~ nkg; ft`u Xhoi d/ Bkb ezw eoBk j? ns/ fJj wfj;{; eoBk j?
fe gow/Fo T[BKQ d/ ihtBK ftù ezw eo fojk j?. T[; ftFtk;h d/ ihtB ftù
fJj fuzB gqrN j'Dk ukjhdk j? fijVk fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokfJnk frnk j?.
fJj e/tb fJ;/ ihtB d/ ft`u jh ;jh Bjh j? go nfijh fJ`e ;'u
j? fe gow/Fo dk ezw T[; t/b/ sè g{ok Bjh j[zdk id sè n;h ;dhge ekb
d/ okjh nkgDh w"s ns/ fitkb/ ikD d/ gfogè Bjh pD iKd/ (fcfb`ghnK 1L6).
fJ`e tko w+ B:{ :koe d/ fJ`e ;/te d/ pko/ ;[fDnk fijVk fe ekch
wk:{; ;h. T[j fJBK finkdk wk:{; ;h fe T[; nkgDk ;zd/F th fby Bjh
gk fojk ;h. T[; d/ c?;bk ehsk fe T[j E"Vh ;?o eo/rk. id T[j fJ`Xo T[`Xo
B:{ :koe Ffjo ft`u fco fojk ;h, T[j fJBK finkdk go/FkB ;h fe T[j
p[zdb frnk ;h, T[j T[; EK s/ nk frnk fiE/ fJ`e fJwkos dk fBowkB j'
45

fojk ;h. fJj fJwkos tkbh EK B:{ :koe Ffjo d/ t`v/ froi/ dh ;h. fJ`e
yk; w[ows j' ojh ;h fi; d/ okjh T[; y[p;[osh ~ ekfJw o`fynk ik ;edk
;h ns/ fJ; t`v/ froik xo ~ ekch d/o d/ bJh ;zGkfbnk ik ;edk ;h.
fJj go/FkB gkdoh nkgD/ p[zdb/ j'J/ wj'b ft`u T[E/ yVk j' frnk
ns/ ezw eoB tkb/ b'eK ~ t/yD br fgnk. fJ; s'_ gfjbk fe T[j fJj
wfj;{; eo/ eJh fwzN phs rJ/, T[j fJ`e t`v/ gE`o d/ T[`s/ j' oj/ ezw ~
t/y fojk ;h fi; ~ fJ`e t`vh ;bhp d/ neko ft`u fsnko ehsk ik fojk ;h.
id e[M ;wK phs frnk sK T[j ezw eoB tkbk ftnesh fJj ikD frnk fe
T[j ;/te T[E/ yVk T[; ~ t/y fojk j?. id T[BKQ d'jK dhnK n`yK nkg; ft`u
fwfbnk, sK T[; gkdoh B/ g[`fSnk, @@s{z eh eo fojk j?

fej' fijk j't/rk !
Bt/_ B/w d/ brGr nkyo ft`u :{jzBk dh gfjbh gsqh ft`u, fJj
pi[or nr{tk Bt/ B/w dh ebhf;nk d/ ft`u, o;{b :{jzBk, T[; uh} d/ T[s/
gsqhfpzp eodk j? fe n;h fJ`e ftFtk;h d/ o{g ft`u e"D ns/ eh jK, Bkb
jh n;h e"D ns/ eh j'D ik oj/ jK. T[j ;k~ d`;dk j? i' e[M n;h j't/r/ jKb/
T[j ;kv/ T[`s/ gqrN Bjh ehsk frnk j?, go fJj ;kvh ;'u s'_ pkjo j't/rk,
feT[_fe ;[or ft`u, n;h fpbe[b T[;/ soK j'tKr/ fit/_ fitkfbnK, ihfts w;hj
j[D j? (1:{jzBk 3L1,2) !
g'b[; n?B/ y[p;[os sohe/ d/ Bkb fby fojk j? fe ;kok ;z;ko g`pK
Gko j' e/ pVh T[s;[esk d/ Bkb okj t/y fojk j? fe T[; wfjwktzs uwseko
~ t/yhJ/ fe n;h eh j'tKr/. w+~ fJj fejk frnk j? fe p[Ykg/ ft`u ikDk
vog'ek d/ bJh Bjh j?. id s[;h jo ghVh dk nB[Gt b? oj/ j' iK fit/_ s[;h
fBohyD eo oj/ j' sK s[;h T[BKQ d/ t`b t`X' fiBKQ ~ s[;h ikDd/ j' ns/ fiBKQ
~ s[;h fgnko eod/ j', fJj ed/ Bk G[b' fe fJj ;oho sK ftFtk;h d/ bJh
fJ; Xosh s/ gfjDB tkbk ;[N j?. gow/Fo ;k~ fJe ;oho fdzdk j? sK i'
n;h fJ; Xosh d/ T[s/ nkgDk ihtB ih ;ehJ/. gow/Fo w;hj dk jo c[b
;k~ nksfwe ;oho d/ ft`u d/D ik fojk j?, fijVk ;k~ fsnko eo/rk fe
n;h ;[or ft`u tk; eo ;ehJ/, id gow/Fo d/ g[s`o n;h T[BKQ d/ nkgD/ j'
iktKr/.
fJj d' nkfJsK fijVhnK ;kvh T[Bsh ns/ d[yk s/ fi`s gqkgs eoB
d/ Bkb i[VhnK j'JhnK jB ns/ ;dhge ekb d/ bJh n`r/ e[M v{zxhnK nkfJsK
jB fijVhnK ;k~ e[M wBw'j b+D tkbhnK ;funkJhnK dk fpnkB fJ; ;z;ko
d/ pko/ d`;dhnK jB fi; ~ gow/Fo B/ ofunk ns/ ekfJw ehsk j?. gow/Fo d/
g[s`o Bk e/tb gow/Fo dh ouBk jB fijBK ~ brksko e[M ;foFNh eosk
d/ ezwK dh b'V j? L @@feT[_ i' ;foFNh nBoE d/ nXhB ehsh rJh, nkgDh
fJ`fSnk Bkb Bjh ;r' nXhB eoB tkb/ d/ ekoB go T[w/d Bkb, fJ; bJh
i' ;foFNh nkg th fpBk; dh r[bkwh s'_ S`[N e/ gow/Fo d/ pkbeK dh
tfvnkJh dh n}kdh ~ gqkgs eo/.##(8L20-22)
fJBKQ fszBK nkfJsK dk nB[tkd eoB d/ bJh ;k~ fJj ;wMDk
ukjhdk j? fe wB[`yh gfotko ft`u gsB fet/_ nkfJnk, fit/_ fJj T[sgs dh
feskp d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ft`u toDB ehsk frnk j?, ns/ o'whnK d/ BK d/
ys d/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJ ft`u toDB ehsk frnk j? fijVk g'b[; B/ fbfynk
j?. id wB[`y gkg eodk j?, sK fi; th uh} ~ j`E bkT[_dk j? T[j gkg d/
Bkb gqGkfts j' iKdh j?. n;h n`i pj[s ;ko/ sohfenK d/ Bkb tksktoB d/
T[s/ fJB;kB d/ gkg dk Bshik t/yd/ jK. fJB;kB dk bkbu ;kv/ gkDh ~
th d[fFs eo fojk j?, fijVh jtk ;kj d/ Bkb b?d/ jK ns/ fijVk G'iB n;h
yKd/ jK.
;foFNh dh ouBk d/ fby/ i'y/ d/ nB[;ko, fJj ;foFNh wB[`y d/ gsB
d/ ekoB pj[s p[o/ sohe/ d/ Bkb gqGkfts j'Jh. fJj nkfJsK e/tb fJj nky
48
ojhnK jB fe id fJB;kB d/ S[Neko/ dk ezw g{ok j' ikt/rk, sK c/o g[{o/
;z;ko d/ bJh nzfsw S[Neko/ dk ezw ehsk ikt/rk. id n;h n}kd j' iKd/
jK, n;h Bth_ ;foFNh j' iKd/ jK. g'b[; B/ ;k~ nkgD/ ys ft`u f;ykfJnk
j? fe ;kv/ g[okB/ fJB;kB ~ woBk j? sK i' ;kv/ nzdo Bt/_ ihtB dh F[o{nks
j' ;e/. tuB fJj f;ykT[_+dk j?, fJè fdB gow/Fo Bt/_ ;[or ns/ Bth Xosh dh
ouBk eo/rk fi; ft`u Xowh b'e oki eoBr/ (2gso; 3L13).
g'b[; ;k~ o'whnK d/ n`mt/ nfXnkfJ ft`u nky fojk j? fe j[D dh
ouBk Bth_ ouBk d/ bJh e[okj[Ddh ns/ bkb;k eodh j?.@@feT[_ i' ;foFNh
nBoE d/ nXhB ehsh rJh, nkgDh fJ`fSnk Bkb Bjh ;r' nXhB eoB tkb/
d/ ekoB go T[w/d Bkb, fJ; bJh o' ;foFNh nky th fpBk; dh r[bkwh s'_
S`[N e/ gow/Fo d/ pkbeK dh tfvnkJh dh n}kdh ~ gqkgs eo/. n;h ikDd/
sK jK GJh ;koh ;foFNh ob e/ j[D she jkj[e/ Godh j? ns/ T[j ~ ghVK
brhnK j'JhnK jB, ns/ fBoh T[j sK Bjh ;r' n;h nkg Gh fiBKQ ~ nkswk
dk gfjbk cb fwfbnk nkgD/ nkg ft`u jkj[e/ God/ jK ns/ g[sò j'D dh
noEks nkgDh d/jh d/ fB;sko/ dh T[vhe ftù p?m/ jK, T[w/d Bkb n;h pukJ/ rJ/
jK go T[w/d fijVh t/yh rJh T[j T[w/d Bk ojh feT[_fe fijVh t;s e'Jh t/ydk
j? T[j dh T[w/d ekj ~ eo/ < go fijVh t;s n;h Bjh t/yd/ i' T[j dh T[w/d o`yhJ/
sK Xhoi Bkb T[j dh T[vhe ft`u ofjzd/ jK.##(o'whnK 8L20-25)
j[D g'b[; ;kv/ nzfsw ns/ g{o/ S[Neko/ d/ ftF/ s/ tkg; nkT[_dk j?.
T[j fbydk j? fe n;h nkgD/ ;ohoK d/ S[Neko/ dh T[w/d d/ Bkb pukJ/ rJ/
jK. T[; dk noE j? fe nfijk ftuko j? fe n;h ed/ th g[{oh ns/ nzfsw
S[Neko/ ~ gqkgs Bjh eo ;ed/ T[; t/b/ sè id sè n;h ;dhge ;fEsh
ft`u fitkb/ Bjh iKd/. gow/Fo d/ b'e wod/ jB ns/ n;h ne;o j?okB j[zd/
jK T[j ;ohoe o{g d/ Bkb uzr/ feT[_ Bjh ehs/ rJ/.
fJ; nkfJs ft`u T[; dk E"Vk fijk itkp fwbdk j?. T[BKQ d/ S[Neko/
d/ tKr n;h g{o/ ns/ f;`X Bjh j' ;ed/ id s`e T[j ;dhge ekb ft`u nzdo
Bjh nk iKd/, T[BKQ dh g{oh soK uzrkJh th T[; t/b/ s`e Bjh j' ;edh id
s`e T[j ;[or ft`u fitkb/ Bjh iKd/. id gow/Fo T[BKQ ~ T[j nksfwe ;oho
fdzdk j? T[j T[BKQ ~ ;[or ft`u ofjD d/ bJh fsnko eo/rk, T[BKQ dh uzrkJh
dk ezw g{ok j' ikt/rk ns/ T[BKQ d/ S[Neko/ dk ezw th g{ok j' ikt/rk.
Gkt/_ e[M th j't/ gqkoEBk eo'
fJ; soK nkswk th ;kvh d[opbskJh ft`u ;kvh ;jkfJsk eodk j?
feT[_ i' fe; t;s bJh ;k~ gqkoEBk eoBh ukjhdh j? n;h Bjh ikDd/ go
nkswk nkg ne`E jkj[e/ Go e/ ;kv/ bJh ;\koF eodk j?, ns/ fjofdnK dk
ikuD tkbk ikDdk j? GJh nkswk dh eh wBFk j? feT[_ i' T[j gow/Fo dh
fJ`fSnk d/ nB[;ko ;zsK d/ bJh ;\koF eodk j?.## (26,27)
fijVh nkfJs g'b[; B/ e[fozEhnK ~ fbyh ns/ fi; d/ T[s/ w+ i'o
fd`sk j?, ns/ o'whnK dh gsqh d/ n`mt/ nfXnkfJ dh 23 nkfJs s'_ 25 nkfJs
s`e fJ; s`s d/ nXko s/ fe ;kv/ ;oho ns/ ;foFNh e[okj[Ddh ns/ bkb;k
49

eodh j? fe T[; nzfsw ns/ g{oh soK S[Neko/ d/ nB[Gt ~ gqkgs eohJ/. g'b[;
B/ n`r/ fJ; go;zr dk toDB ehsk j? fi; d/ okjh brGr d' j}ko ;kb
ft`u b`yK ftFtk;hnK d/ nokw gkfJnk. T[j fbydk j? fe gow/Fo ;kvk
e[okj[Dk ;[Ddk j? ns/ ;kvhnK d[opbsktK ft`u pVh y[p;[osh d/ Bkb ;kvh
;/tk eodk j?.
e'Jh th ftFtk;h fi; ~ gqkoEBk d/ nksfwe nB[Fk;B d/ ftù fBod/F
fwbdk j? T[j ikDdk j? fe ;k~ gqkoEBk gow/Fo dh fJ`fSnk nB[;ko eoBh
ukjhdh j?. jkbKfe ;kvh ;wf;nk fJj j[zdh j? fe ne;o id n;h gow/Fo
d/ ;kjwD/ nkT[_d/ jK sK ;k~ gsk jh Bjh j[zdk fe gow/Fo dh fJ`Sk eh j?
ns/ n;h gqG{ d/ ;kjwD/ fejVh p/Bsh o`yDh j?. ;kv/ ftu' eJh fJ;/ ekoB
gqG{ d/ ;kjwD/ gqkoEBk b? e/ jh Bjh nkT[_d/ ns/ fJBK p/BshnK ~ gow/Fo
d/ n`r/ o`yd/ jh Bjh.
fJ; o;{b dk fBod/F fJj j? fe ;k~ gqkoEBk eoBh ukjhdh j?. fJ;
ftF/ d/ gq/fos ns/ v{zxh ftnkfynk fJj j? fe gft`so nkswk ikDdh j? fe
i' e[M n;h gow/Fo d/ ;kjwD/ gqkoEBk ft`u o`yd/ jK T[; ft`u gow/Fo dh
fJ`Sk eh j?. id n;h fe;/ th soK gqkoEBk eod/ jK iK n;h fe;/ uh} dh
wzr eod/ jK ns/ ;kv/ bJh T[; t;s dh T[; dh fJ`Sk Bjh j?, iK T[BKQ d/
bJh fiBKQ d/ bJh n;h gqkoEBk eo oj/ jK, sK gft`so nkswk ;kv/ bJh
ftu'brh dk ezw eo/rk ns/ T[; p/Bsh ~ fgsk dh fJ`Sk d/ nB[;ko T[; d/
e'b b? e/ ikt/rk. ;XkoB GkFk ft`u, fJ; dk noE fJj j? fe id n;h
rbs uh}K d/ bJh wzr eod/ jK, i/ ;kvk wB gow/Fo d/ ;kjwD/ mhe j?
sK gft`so nkswk ;kv/ bJh ftu'brh dk ezw eodk j? ns/ gow/Fo ;k~ T[j
uh} d/t/rk fi; ft`u T[; dh ;kv/ bJh fJ`Sk j? ns/ T[BKQ d/ bJh fiBKQ d/
bJh n;h gqkoEBk eod/ jK.
w+ gow/Fo dk fJ; tkfJd/ d/ bJh XzBtkd eodk jK fe T[; B/ w/ohnK
e[M gqkoEBktK dk itkp Bjh fd`sk. j[D feT[_fe w+ nB[Gt ft`u t`vk j' frnk
jK, ns/ w;hj d/ Bkb nkgD/ ;co ft`u wip{s j' frnk jK, ns/ j[D w+ fg`Sk
w[V e/ t/y ;edk jK fe gow/Fo B/ fet/_ w/o/ ihtB ft`u ezw ehsk, w+ nky
;edk jK, @@j/ gft`so nkswk, s/ok XzBtkd feT[_fe id w+ rbs uh}K d/ bJh
gqkoEBk ehsh T[; t/b/ T[; B/ w/o/ bJh ftu'brh ehsh.##
g[okB/ B/w ft`u, gow/Fo d/ GrsK dhnK pj[s ;kohnK T[dkjoDk
fwbdhnK jB fiBKQ B/ fJj gqkoEBk ehsh fe T[j wo ikD. w{;k, J/bh:kj,
n:{p ns/ :[Bkj nkgDh wk:{;h dh T[; j`d s/ ngV rJ/ ns/ T[dk; j' rJ/
fiE/ T[BKQ B/ gow/Fo ~ p/Bsh ehsh T[j T[BKQ ~ wko d/t/. n?E/ s`e fe fJj
wjkB gow/Fo d/ Grs th ;ohoe o{g d/ Bkb, fdwkrh, ns/ ;[Gkfte o{g d/
Bkb n?E/ s`e nksfwe o{g d/ Bkb T[BKQ B/ gow/Fo s'_ rbs r`bK dh wzr
ehsh. feT[_fe T[BKQ d/ fdb gow/Fo d/ n`r/ mhe ;B, T[BKQ d/ ;[orh gq/wh fgsk
B/ T[BKQ dh gqkoEBk dk itkp Bjh fd`sk ns/ T[BKQ dk Bk; Bjh ehsk.
T[; B/ w{;k dhnK pkjK ~ ;jkok d/D d/ bJh 70 b'e fd`s/ sK i'
50
T[; dk p'M ns/ fBokFk x`N ehsh ikt/. brGr 40 ;kb w{;k fJ;okJ/b d/
b'eK dh nrtkJh eodk fojk id T[j fpnkpkB d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ x[w oj/ ;B
fijVk e/tb 11 fdBK dk ;co ;h. T[j E`e frnk ;h, ns/ T[j p[oh soK
E`e frnk ;h. ;kv/ nwoheh ;wki ft`u n;h T[; ~ nkyd/ jK fe ib d/
;tk j' ikDk (frDsh 11L10-17)
fJ; gqkoEBk ft`u fi; ;funkJh dh y[p;[osh ~ g'b[; f;yk fojk j?
T[j fJj j? fe ;k~ T[BKQ r`bK ~ fiBKQ d/ pko/ n;h gow/Fo dh wo}h ~
ikDd/ Bjh T[j ;k~ ;kvh gqkoEBk s'_ d[{o o`ydh j?. Gkt/_ e[M th j't/ ;k~
gqkoEBk eoBh ukjhdh j?, feT[_fe gft`so nkswk ;kv/ bJh ftu'brh eodk j?
ns/ gow/Fo dh fJ`Sk ;k~ ;jh uh} fdzd/ jK ns/ T[j uh} fdzdk j? fijVh
T[; dh fJ`Sk nB[;ko j[zdh j?.
w+ d`;Dk ukjKrk fe J/fb:k B/ th e[M S`v fd`sk ;h, @@j?eb dh
w[ows##. g'b[; ;k~ f;ykT[_dk j? fe ;kvh d/j gft`so nkswk dk wzdo j?.
jkbKfe ;kvh ;ohoe, fdwkrh ns/ ;[Gkfte fJe' d/j d/ fj`;k jB, id ;kv/
;oho dh bkgotkjh ehsh iKdh j?, ;ohoe dh EektN ft`u fdwkr Fkwb j?,
;[Gkfte ns/ nksfwe EektN. id J/fb:kj B/ gow/Fo ~ fejk fe s{z w+~
wko d/, sK gow/Fo B/ J/fb:kj ~ ;[bk fd`sk, T[; ~ G'iB d/ bJh irkfJnk
ns/ c/o s'_ ;[bk fd`sk. n;h T[; wjkB Bph d/ pko/ gVd/ jK fijVk woBk
ukj[zdk ;h, g{oh soK uzrk j' frnk fijVk G'iB ns/ nokw T[; ~ ukbh fdBK
ft`u gqkgs j'Jhnk. id T[; B/ gow/Fo s'_ rbs uh} dh wzr ehsh, gow/Fo
B/ T[; ~ ;jh uh} fd`sh. (1okik 19L1-8)
i/ s[;h n`:{p dh tkskbkg ~ pV/ fXnkB d/ Bkb gV', sK s[;h t/y'r/ fe
n`:{p dhnK go/FkBhnK T[; ~ fJ`e nfijh ;fEsh ft`u b? nkfJnk fiE/ T[;
B/ th w{;k, J/fb:kj d/ tKr gqkoEBk ehsh. (n`:{p 3L11 l10L18) :[Bkj B/
th nkgD/ nkg ~ fJBKQ fszBK BphnK d/ Bkb i'V fbnk ns/ T[;/ soK dh
gqkoEBk ehsh (:{Bkj 4). gow/Fo B/ :[Bkj iK n`:{p ~ Bjh wkfonk. id
T[BKQ B/ nfijh gqkoEBk ehsh, sK gow/Fo B/ T[BKQ ~ d' feskpK dk ;ko fd`sk
T[j T[BKQ d/ BK ;B. fJj uko T[dkjoDk ;k~ f;ykT[_dhnK jB fe Gkt/_ e'Jh
gow/Fo dk fezBK th Grs feT[_ Bk j't/ T[j nfijh ;fEsh ft`u gj[zu iKdk
j? fiE/ T[; nkgD/ ihtB dk ;zs[bB r[nk p?mdk j? ns/ gow/Fo s'_ rbs uh}K
dh wzr eodk j?. fJj uko Grsk g'b[; o;{b dh f;fynk dh T[j T[dkjoD
jB fijVh T[j gqkoEBk d/ ftF/ pj[s v{zxh f;fynk d/ fojk j?.
fJj d' nkfJsK (o'whnK 8L26,27) T[; nkfJs dk ;ko j? fijVhnK
fJBK s'_ fg`S/ nkT[_dhnK jB ns/ fi; d/ Bkb id s'_ T[j fbyhnK rJhnK jB
T[; B/ b`yK b'eK ~ s;bh ns/ gq/oBk fd`sh j?. fJ; wjs`tg{oD gq/oBk Goh
nkfJs ~ fijVhnK g'b[; o;{b d/ okjh fbyhnK rJhnK jB rbs sohe/ d/
Bkb ;wMhnK iK gq:'r th ehsknK ik ;edhnK jB. @@n;h ikDd/ jk GJh
fijV/ gow/Fo Bkb gq/w o`yd/ jB ;kohnK t;sK ob d/ T[BKQ dk Gbk eodhnK
jB noEks T[BKQ dk fijV/ gow/Fo dh wBFk d/ nB[;ko ;`d/ j'J/ jB.##(28)
51

fJj nkfJs pj[s jh ndG[s tkfJd/ d/ Bkb F[o{ j[zdh j? fe ;kohnK
uh}K ob e/ Gbk eodhnK jB. g'b[; i'o d/ e/ d' FpdK dh tos' eo fojk
j?, @@;kohnK uh}K## e'Jh nkw sohe/ d/ Bkb iK jbeh ;'u d/ Bkb Bjh.
ftFtk;h ns/ nftFtk;hnK B/ fJBK d'jK FpdK s/ fXnkB ehsk id T[j T[BKQ
go/FkBhnK dk ;kjwDk eo oj/ ;B fijVhnK fe;/ :[`X d/ ekoB FskB d/ okjh
T[BKQ d/ T[`s/ nkfJnk ;B. fJBK ysoBke xNBktK dk ed/ edko jh toDB
ehsk iKdk j?, iK fJj e"Vh ;funkJh j? fe T[j rbs ;w/ d/ rbs EK T[`s/
jB. T[j fJBKQ nkfJsK dk t/otk fdzd/ j'J/ fJj g[`Sd/ jB, @@g'b[; ;kohnK
uh}K < :kfB fJBK fGnkBe xNBktK ft`u th

gq/oBk Go/ itkp fJ; gqFB d/ pko/ fdzdk j?, fiBKQ ft`u n;h ftiJh s'_ th t`X
- :kfB wjkB ftiJh j' ;ed/ jK !
fJ; FkBdko ns/ g/qfos fbys fijVh fJ; o;{b d/ okjh fbyh rJh
j? T[; T[ukJh dk ;ko j? fe ;kvh fi`s fJ; d/ T[`s/ fBoGo Bjh eodh fe
n;h e"D ns/ eh jK. nksfwe fi`s fJj th Bjh j? fe n;h eh eo ;ed/
jK ns/ eh Bjh eo ;ed/ jK. ;kvh fi`s fJ; d/ T[`s/ th fBoGo Bjh eodh
fe n;h eh ukj[zd/ jK. nksfwe fi`s T[; ;kowEh ;o's ~ gqkgs eoBk j?
fe T[; ft`u (gow/Fo) e"D ns/ eh j?, fe; ft`u T[j eh eo ;edk j? fe;
s'_ eh ukj[zdk j?. T[j ;kvh fi`s dk ;o's j?. T[j ;kvh fi`s dh Fesh fJ;
:[r ft`u ns/ nkT[D tkb/ :[r ft`u j?. T[; dh wfjwk jo uh} dk T[d/F
j? fijVh ;kv/ ihtB ft`u j[zdh j? - T[BKQ gkghnK d/ ihtBK ft`u j[zdh j? fiBKQ
~ Xowh mfjok e/ fJj ;kwoE fd`sh j? fe T[j ihfts ofjD.
id j[D T[j nkgDh f;fynk dk ;oKF fJ; ftF/ d/ pko/ eo fojk
j?, sK T[j T[BKQ FpdK dh tos' @@;kohnK uh}K## fJ`e tko c/o eodk j?. T[j
fJ; soK fbydk j?, @@feT[_ i' T[; s'_ ns/ T[;/ d/ t;hb/ Bkb ns/ T[;/ d/
bJh ;kohnK t;sK j'JhnK jB. T[; dh tfvnkJh i[`r' i[`r j't/. fJ; s'_ n`r/
fJ; sok fbfynk j?, go i/ s[;h fi; g?o/ ~ gV oj/ jK T[; s'_ gfjbK 11t/
nfXnkfJ dhnK nrbhnK uko nkfJsK ~ gV' fijBk d/ pko/ n;h ftuko eoB
ik oj/ jK sK T[j s[jkvh ;jkfJsk eoBrhnK fe s[;h fJ; gjkV torh T[uh
gq/oDk Goh fbys ~ ;wM ikT[r/ fijVh T[; wjkB b/ye B/ fbyh j? ns/
brGr g{o/ Bt/_ B/w ftu' n`Xk fj`;k T[; dk jh fbyhnk j'fJnk j?.
T[j fJ; soK T[; dh ftnkfynk eoBh F[o{ eodk j? fe id gow/Fo B/
nkgD/ g[s`o ~ ;z;ko ft`u G/iD dk c?;bk ehsk fe T[j ;k~ gkghnK ~ Xowh
d/ o{g ft`u x'fFs eo/, gow/Fo B/ T[; uwseko ~ w/o/ ns/ s[jkv/ bJh bkr{
eoB d/ bJh fszB uwseko ehs/. T[; B/ ;k~ fJj th ;[fus ehsk, fe id
n;h Xowh mfjokj/ rJ/ jK, sK ;k~ G`fty ft`u ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb s[oB d/
bJh gfowkg fd`sk j? fi; ft`u uwseko fd`sk j? fijVk T[j ;kv/ bJh ;zGt
eo ;fenk.
T[j fbydk j? L @@feT[_fe fiBKQ ~ T[j B/ gfjbK s' ikfDnk ;h T[;
B/ T[BKQ ~ n`frT[ mfjokfJnk GJh T[j d/ g[s`o d/ ;o{g T[`s/ pDB GJh T[j
GoktK ft`u' i/mk j't/, ns/ fiBKQ ~ T[j B/ nfrT[ mfjokfJnk T[; B/ T[BKQ ~
;`fdnk Gh ns/ fiBKQ ~ T[; B/ ;`fdnk T[BKQ ~ Xowh Gh mfijokfJnk ns/ fiBKQ
~ Xowh Gh mfjokfJnk T[BKQ ~ T[; B/ tfvnkJh Gh fd`sh.## (29-30)
gfjbk uwseko fijVk gow/Fo B/ ;k~ fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/
ikD d/ bJh ehsk T[j fJj ;h fe gow/Fo gfjbK s'_ jh ikDdk ;h fe T[j
;k~ Xowh x'fFs eo/rk. fJj fJ`e ;XkoB fpnkB j? fijVk gow/Fo d/ r[Dk
ftù' fJè r[D j?. id n;h gow/Fo d/ gfjbK tkb/ frnkB dh r`b eod/
jK sK n;h T[; ~ @@;opfrnkB## dk BK fdzd/ jK. jkbKfe nr/so @@;op##
dk noE j? @@;G e[M## fJ; dk ;XkoB noE fJj j? fe gow/Fo ;G e[M
54
ikDdk j?. T[j nshs, toswkB ns/ G`fty d/ pko/ ;G e[M ikDdk j?. i' e[M
th j[zdk T[; s'_ gow/Fo ed/ th go/FkB Bjh j[zdk. id fJj fJB;kBh gfotko
nkdw d/ okjh fv`r frnk gow/Fo ~ fJ; s' e'Jh j?okBrh Bjh j'Jh.T[j ed/
th nkgDh :'iBk s'_ w[V d{ih :'iBk t`b Bjh iKdk. GN`e/ j'J/ wB[`y iK gsB
ft`u rJ/ j'J/ wB[`y ~ S[vkT[_D d/ bJh jw/Fk s'_ gow/Fo dh :'iBk ;h.
tk;st ft`u T[j ikDdk ;h fe e"D Xowh mfjokfJnk ikt/rk T[; dk
fJj noE Bjh fe T[; B/ T[BK b'eK dh n}kd wo}h ~ s[`S ikfDnk fiBKQ
~ Xowh mfjokfJnk frnk ;h. n;b ft`u gow/Fo B/ gfjbK s'_ jh fBFus
ehsk ;h, T[; d/ gfjbK s'_ ikDB dk fJj noE Bjh fe T[; B/ e[M b'eK
~ Boe d/ bJh ns/ e[M b'eK ~ ;[or d/ bJh u[fDnk j?. id n;h B"t/
_nfXnkfJ ~ F[o{ eod/ jK sK n;h u'D eoB d/ ftF/ s/ fXnkB eoKr/, fijBK
d/ ekoB fJj w;b/ u[`e/ rJ/. n?E/ f;fynk e/tb fJj j? fe gow/Fo dh
gfjbK s'_ jh :'iBk ;h fe T[j gkgh ~ Xowh mfjokt/ sK i' fJj ;kps j'
ikt/ fe T[j T[; d/ g[s`o dk ;o{g j?.
id T[j ftnesh fijV/ Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ jB f;XkJh d/ Bkb s[od/
jB, sK T[BKQ ~ fet/_ gsk br/rk fe ;jh sohe/ d/ Bkb s[oBk eh j[zdk j?<
fJj T[BKQ pj[s ;ko/ ekoBK ft`u' fJ`e ekoB j? fe gow/Fo d/ nkgD/ g[s`o ~
fJ; ;z;ko ft`u G/fink. gow/Fo g{ot ftXkB eodk j?, iK gfjbK s'_ jh fJj
c?;bk eo fbnk ;h fe T[; dk g[s`o T[BKQ ftu' fJ`e j't/rk fijV/ T[; d/
tor/ j'Dr/ T[j T[; d/ GoktK tKr j'Dr/. fJj' ekoB j? fe n;h gVd/ jK
fe T[j T[BKQ ~ Gok nkyD s'_ FowkT_[dk Bjh j? (fJpokBhnK 2L11).
shik uwseko fijVk gow/Fo d/ tb' j'fJnk fe n;h T[; d/ g[s`o
d/ ;o{g s/ j'JhJ/ fe fiBK d/ bJh T[; B/ g{ot ftXkB ehsk ;h, T[; B/ T[BKQ
~ ;`fdnk Gh. w+ gfjbK jh fBohyD ehsk j? fe fJj g'b[; d/ g;zd FpdK
ft`u' fJ`e Fpd j? f:;[{ w;hj d/ u/b/ dh ftnkfynk eoB d/ bJh fi; B/
T[dko dk nB[Gt ehsk j?. fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ ikDk ns/ fBjuk
d/ okjh gow/Fo dh feogk ~ gqkgs eoBk fJj ;kvh p[`X dh ;'u s'_ pkjo
dh r`b j?. fJj fJ`e @@p[bkjN##j? fe fitkb/, ihfts gow/Fo d/ Bkb foFsk
ekfJw eohJ/ (1e[fozEhnK 1L9). gow/Fo ukj[zdk j? fe n;h T[; d/ g[s`o ~
ikD bJhJ/ ns/ T[; d/ tor/ pD th ikJhJ/.
fJj fszB uwseko fJ; f;fynk d/ w[`y T[d/F d/ pko/ ;k~ d`;d/ jB L
fiBkQ ~ T[j nfrT[ ikDdk j?, g{ot ftXkB eodk j? ns/ d`;dk j? ns/ T[j
Xowh mfjokT[_dk j?. g'b[; c/o nkgD/ ihtB ns/ toswkB ns/ G`fty d/
gfowkg d/ pko/ fJ; t`v/ uwseko d/ nXko s/ r`b eodk j?. fiBKQ ~ T[j
Xowh mfjokT[_dk j? T[BKQ dh T[j tfvnkJh th eodk j?. fJj g'b[; d/ T[BKQ
uwsekoK ~ pj[s jh uzr/ sohe/ d/ Bkb e[fozEhnK d/ b'eK d/ bJh o{g fdzdk
j? fe id gow/Fo fi; B/ ;k~ fJ; Xosh s/ ofjD d/ bJh ;oho fd`sk j?
T[j ;k~ ofjD d/ bJh nksfwe ns/ ;[orh ;oho th d/t/rk.
e[M th j't/ fJj nkfJs ;k~ fJj gqrN eodh j? fe wfjwktzs j'D
55

dk nB[Gt T[; t/b/ F[o{ j[zdk j? id n;h fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ iKd/
jK ns/ gow/Fo dh feogk ~ gqkgs eod/ jK. id gow/Fo dh feogk ;kv/
ihtB ~ spdhb eodh j? ns/ n;h Bth_ ;foFN pD iKd/ jK sK ;kvk
nzdo{Bh fJB;kB T[; wfjwktzs nB[Gt dh Mbe ~ gqkgs eo b+dk j? fi;
dk nB[Gt n;h ;dhge ekb ft`u eoKr/.
;tkb ns/ itkp L
g'b[; j[D ;`s gqFBK ~ T[ikro eodk j? ns/ jo gqFB dk pj[s
T[s;kj G`fonk itkp j? L@@T[gozs n;h fJjBk r`bK T[`s/ eh nkyhJ/< id' gow/Fo
;kvh t`b j? sK e"D fto[`X j't/rk< fij B/ nkgD/ t`b' g[s`o dk Gh ;o\k Bk
ehsk ;r' T[j ~ n;K ;GBK d/ bJh d/ fd`sk ;' T[j d/ Bkb ;kohnK t;sK
th ;k~ fee`[o Bk s/rk< gow/Fo jh j? fijVk Xowh mfjokT[dk j?, T[j e"D
j? i' ;}k dk j[ew d/t/rk< w;hj f:;{ jh j? fijVk wo frnk. jK, ;r'
w[ofdnK ft`u' fitkfbnk frnk fijVk gow/Fo d/ ;`i/ gk;/ j? ns/ ;kv/ bJh
;\koF Gh eodk j?, e"D ;k~ w;hj d/ gq/w s'_ n`v eo/rk < eh fpgsk :k
eFN :k nB/Qo :k Bzr :k G'ib :k sbtko< fit/_ fitkfbnk j'fJnk j? n;h
s/o/ bJh fdB Go ikB' wko/ iKd/ jK, n;h e'jhnK ikD tkbhnK G/vK d/ s[`b
frD/ iKd/ jK.##(8L31-37)
g'b[; dk gfjbK gqFB ;k~ T[s;kfjs eodk j? fe n;h T[; dh
wfjwktzs x'FBk ~ fJ`e u[B"sh d/ o{g ft`u bJhJ/ L ;k~ fJ; ;koh r`b d/
gqsh eh efjDk j? < fJj gfjb/ gqFB dk ;ko ikgdk j?. d{ik gqFB ;k~ fJj
f;ykT[_dk j? fe g'b[; dh ;'u eh j?. i/ gow/Fo ;k~ fJBKQ gzi uwsekok ~
nB[Gt eoB d/ bJh ;`dk fdzdk j? ns/ nkyoh gqFB d/ ft`u ;kvk S[Nekok
j? ;kvk nzfsw ns/ g`ek S[Nekok, ;kv/ T[`s/ Bjh go T[; d/ T[`s/ fBoGo eodk
j?, sK c/o e"D ;kv/ fto[`X j' ;edk j? <
sh}k gqFB T[; ftF/ dh wjs`sk ~ gqrN eodk j? fijVk T[; d/
fJ; wjkB ns/ ndG[s ys ft`u tofDs ehsk frnk j?. i/ gq/wh fgsk B/ ;k~
sh}k gqFB T[; ftF/ dh wjs`sk ~ gqrN eodk j? fijVk T[; d/ fJ; wjkB
ns/ ndG[s ys ftù tofDs ehsk frnk j?. i/ gq/wh fgsk B/ ;k~ nfijk gq/w
ehsk j? fe T[; B/ nkgDk fJeb"sk g[s`o th d/ fd`sk, sK eh T[j T[; d/ fg`S/
s[oD d/ bJh ;k~ jo b'V dh uh} ~ Bk d/t/rk fijVk T[; dk g[s`o ns/
;kvk gqG{ ns/ T[dkoeosk j?< T[; s'_ gfjbK g'b{; fJ`e r`b nkydk j? i/ n;h
T[; d/ g[s`o dh w"s d/ t;hb/ T[; d/ Bkb fwbkJ/ rJ/ jK fwbkJ/ ik e/ n;h
fJ; Bkb' pj[s t`X e/ T[j d/ ihtB d/ d[nkok p`u iktKr/< (5L10)
u"E/ gqFB ~ d{i/ nfXnkfJ ft`u fd`s/ rJ/ fBnK dk nXko wzB e/
ub'. gow/Fo d/ u[D/ j'J/ b'eK s/ e"D d'F bkt/rk< gow/Fo y[d fJj ezw Bjh
eo/rk, feT[_fe gow/Fo nkg jh fJ`e gkgh ~ Xowh dk n"jdk fdzdk j?.T[;
B/ ;[or d/ fB:wK ~ s'V e/ nkgD/ g[s`o dh e[opkBh d/ okjh ;kvk fBnK
56
ehsk j?. T[j ;k~ ed/ d'Fh j'D dh x'FDk Bjh eo/rk.
T[j nkgD/ gzit/ ;tkb ft`u g[`Sdk j?, @@T[j e"D j? fijVk d'Fh
mfjokT[_dk j?

ezwK d/ nXko s/ Bjh j?. gow/Fo dh feogk dk fJj' noE j?, ns/ gow/Fo
dh feogk dk noE j? fe id s[;h n;cb j' iKd/ j' sK s[jkv/ bJh wk\h
dk fJzs}kw j? ! gow/Fo jh fBnK eoB tkbk j?.
T[; dk S/tK gqFB ns/ T[; dk T[`so ;kv/ ;GBK d/ bJh FKsh ns/
T[s;kj Gfonk j? !@@w;hj d/ gq/w s'_ ;k~ e"D n`v eo ;edk j?

;kv/ n`i d/ jbks e[M nfij/ jh Bjh jB ns/ G`fty d/ ihtB ft`u
th nfijk e[M j'D tkbk Bjh fe fijVk ;k~ w;hj d/ fgnko s'_ n`v eo
;e/rk. fJj g'b[; dh f;fynk dk fJ`e t/otk j? fi; ft`u T[j d`;dk j? fe
f:;{ T[ukJh t`b uV frnk ns/ v[{zxkJh ft`u T[so frnk fiE/ T[; B/ r[bkwK
~ n}kd ehsk ns/ wB[`yK ~ todkB fd`s/ (nc;hnK 4L8-10).
g'b[; dh nc;hnK d/ Bkw dh fbyh gsqh ;k~ fJj T[d/F ns/ i'o
fdzdh j? fe n;h ;[orh ns/ nksfwe T[`ukJh fJ`u nkgDk ihtB p;o eohJ/
fiE/ n;h w;hj d/ ft`u ;kohnK nksfwe nFhFK gk ;ed/ jK(nc;hnK 1L3)
T[`ukJh ns/ v{zxkJh d/ bJh nrbh T[dkjoD gq:'r ft`u fbnk ;ed/ jK T[j
fJj j? fijVh n;h nkgD/ ihtBK ft`u t/yd/ jK tkfJdk fJj j? fe nfijh
;kvh e'Jh th T[`ukJh iK v[{zxkJh Bjh j? fijVh ;k~ w;hj d/ fgnko s'_ n`v
eo ;e/.
g'b[; dk nkyoh n?bkB fJj j? fe, @@pDkJh j'Jh e'Jh j'o uh}## ;k~
T[; d/ fgnko s'_ n`v Bjh eo ;edh. w{b Fpd fJ; d/ bJh fijVk gq:'r
ehsk frnk j? T[j j?,@@j'o e'Jh ;foFN@@. j[D 21th_ ;dh ft`u n;h j'o eJh
wzvbk d/ pko/ gVd/ jK. brGr ;" ;kb gfjbK dh r`b j? pkJhpb d/ fJ`e
wjkB frnkBh ~ g[`fSnk frnk, @@fe i/ ftrkVB ft`u ihtB sK e"D pukfJnk
ik ;edk j?< T[; B/ itkp fd`sk, i/ ftrkVB ft`u ihtB j? sK T[BKQ d/ e'b
fJè pkJhpb j? fi; dh F[o{nks fJ`; soK j[zdh j?, @@nkd ft`u gow/Fo B/
;[or ns/ ftrkV ~ pDkfJnk.##T[j pkJhpb c/o T[BKQ ~ d`;dh j? fe fijV/
T[; ftrkV ftù ofjzd/ jB T[BKQ d/ bJh gow/Fo dk fgnko ns/ T[; dk T[dko j?
j' ;edk j? g'b[; fJ; r`b dk n?bkB eo fojk j't/, fe i/ fe;/ EK
fJ; ;z;ko ft`u fJ`e ;foFNh j? fi; d/ ftF/ T[j e[M th Bjh ikDdk, T[j
;foFNh th w+~ w;hj d/ fgnko s'_ n`v Bjh eo ;edh.
fB`i ihtB ft`u gq:'r
n;h n:'r gkgh jK fijV/ :'rsk dh x'FBk eod/ jK feT[_fe ihtB
ns/ w"s gow/Fo d/ g[`so dh j?. ns/ ;kv/ T`[s/ T[; dh feogk dh pj[skns
j? fijVh ;kvh wdd eodh j? fe n;h gow/Fo dh wfjwk ft`u nkgDk ihtB
ih ;ehJ/ fi; B/ ;k~ :'r mfjokfJnk j?. uko ftiJh fJj gqrN eod/ jB
fijV/ gkghnK ~ fBod'F x'fFs eo fd`sk frnk j? T[j fet/_ ihtB d/ T[`s/
oki eo ;ed/ jB ns/ fJ; d/ fGnkBe BshfinK T[`s/ th. c/o ndG[s n?bkB
gq;zr nb"fee dybnzdk}h tkbk j? fi; d/ e'b G`fty dk frnkB, :'iBktK
p[bkjN j?! fBod'F x'fFs eodk ns/ n:'r gkghnK ~ wfjwktzs x'fFs eodk
60
ns/ nkydk j? fe T[j fJ; :[r ft`u ns/ nkT[D tkb/ :[r ft`u fi`s jk;b
ehs/ j'J/ b'e jB.
g'b[; fbydk j? fe T[j g{oh soK ekfJb j'fJnk j? fe fJj gqkoEBk
tkb/ rhs dk uwseko fpbe[b ;jh j? ! eh s[;h fJ; s'_ ekfJb j'< eh s[;h
fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/ j', iK s[;h jkb/ th nkgD/ ezwK d/ okjh
nkgD/ nkg ~ Fok d/ nB[;ko fijV/ s[jk~ s'VB d/ bJh pDkJ/ rJ/ jB T[BKQ
d/ nB[;ko nkgD/ nkg ~ Xowh mfjokJ/ ikD dh e'fFF eo oj/ j', nkgDk
w{zj pzd eo' ns/ fJ; r`b dk fJeoko eo' fe s[jk~ fJ`e T[dkoeosk dh
b'V j? ns/ s[;h nkgD/ nkg ~ puk Bjh ;ed/ <
eh s[;h ekfJb j' rJ/ j' fe gow/Fo fJ; uwseko dk ;o's j? ns/
T[; dh ;wkoE j? fijVh fJ; uwseko d/ fg`S/ ezw eodh j? ns/ T[; ezw
~ g{ok eodh j? fijVk T[; B/ F[o{ ehsk id T[j s[jk~ Xowh mfjokT[_dk j?<
sK c/o i' e[M s[;h fJBKQ n`m nfXnkfJnK dhnK w[`y r`bK gVhnK jB T[BKQ
dk fBjuk eo'. gow/Fo dh p[bkjN dk itkp fdT[. fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh
mfjo'. fJ; ihtB ft`u ns/ nkT[D tkb/ ihtB ft`u wfjwk gkT[.
w/o/ fgnko/ gkme', fJj sK o'whnK dh gsqh d/ nfXnB dh ;kvh d{ih
jh feskp j?. i/ s[;h jKb/ gfjbh feskp Bjh gVh, w+ s[jk~ T[s;kfjs eodk
jK fe s[;h fby' ns/ p/Bsh eo' ns/ fJ; dk :ehB eo bt' fe s[;h 31 Bz
dh feskp gqkgs eo'r/, id s[;h fbyd/ j' w+ fJj th ikDBk ukjKrk, eh s[;h
ftFtk; ft`u nk rJ/ j' iK Bjh. i/ s[;h fBjuk d/ okjh Xowh mfjokJ/ rJ/
j' ns/ s[;h fJ; ihtB ft`u T[; feogk ~ gqkgs eo oj/ j' sK w"+ fJj th
ikDBk ukjKrk fe gow/Fo d/ fJ; tuB d/ nfXnB ~ fe; soK fJ;s/wkb
eod/ j'.
61

THE BOOK OF ROMANS - Part II
Booklet - 30
Punjabi
India Bible Literature
67, Beracah Road, Kilpauk,
Chennai - 600 010.
(For private circulation only) ICM/Pun-30/ 2003