Tema IV: Transformadores

4.4 Principio de
funcionamiento (vacío)
Transformador
en vacío
U 1 (t) 1 (t)
R devanados=0
1
U
1
U1 1 ef =
ef = E
1
ef = ef = ⋅
2
π f
⋅
N
1 ⋅ 1 ⋅φ
φ m = m = 4
,
44
⋅
f
⋅
N
1 ⋅ 1 ⋅φ
φ
2
Fem
eficaz
E = 4,
, 44 ⋅
f
⋅
N
1 ⋅ 1 ⋅S
S ⋅
B
1
ef
La tensión aplicada
determina el flujo
máximo de la máquina
φ (t)
I 0 (t) 0 (t)
I 2 (t)=0 2 (t)=0
e 1 (t) 1 (t)
e 2 (t) 2 (t)
4 44
m
r
t
E
=
E
1
ef
2
ef
m
N
=
N
1
2
U 1
m
m
U
≅
U
φ ( t
)
=
φ
m ⋅ m ⋅Sen
Sen ω
t
(
t
)
= U
m ⋅
Cos
ω t
=
N
1 ⋅ 1 ⋅φ
φ ⋅
ω
⋅
Cos
ω
t
1
ef
2
(
vacío
)
LTK primario:
U = N
⋅
2
π f
⋅
φ
m
1
e
2
U
(
t
)
+ e
(
t
)
=
0
Ley de Lenz: Lenz
d
φ
(
t
)
U
1(
1(
t
)
= −
e
1(
1(
t
)
=
N
1 ⋅ 1 ⋅
U 2 (t)
dt
2 (t)
dt
Tensión
eficaz
El flujo es
senoidal
Repitiendo el proceso
para el secundario
2
ef
1
m
1
Tensión
máxima
d
φ
(
t
)
(
t
)
= −
N
2 ⋅ 2 ⋅
dt
E = 4,
, 44 ⋅
f
⋅
N
2 ⋅ 2 ⋅S
S ⋅
B
4 44
m