Edentata 11(1) - Anteater, Sloth & Armadillo Specialist Group

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Presence of Amblyomma cajennense in Wild Giant Armadillos (Priodontes maximus) of the Pantanal Matogrossense, Brazil Abstract Flávia Regina Miranda Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira Gilberto Salles Gazêta Nicolau Maués Serra-Freire Marinete Amorim The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest extant representative of the order Cingulata. Information on the parasites and diseases affecting this species is scarce. Four female and one male ticks were collected from two wild-caught, adult giant armadillos from the northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. All of them were identified as Amblyomma cajennense. This is the first report of A. cajennense in giant armadillos. Considering the low host specificity of this ixodid tick that may act as vector of pathogens, and the sustained encroachment of domestic animals into wildlife habitat, the risk of disease transmission from cattle to this threatened armadillo should be evaluated. Keywords: Ticks, Ixodidae, Xenarthra, Cingulata The giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest extant representative of the order Cingulata. It is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Superina et al., 2009). It occurs east of the Andes from Venezuela, Colombia, and the Guyanas to Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil (Wetzel, 1982). The giant armadillo may occupy different habitats, from low and highland forests to lands covered with thorny shrubs and cerrado, although open areas are its favorite habitat (Anacleto, 1997). Information on the parasites and diseases affecting this species is scarce (Superina, 2000). Systematic collection of parasites in wild animals can provide important information for the management of captive and free-ranging populations. The Ixodidae family is composed of 14 genera and approximately 670 species of hard ticks (Anderson, 2002). They have a dorsal shield that covers the entire idiosome in males, but only the anterior area in females and immature stages (larvae and nymphs). In addition, nymphs and adults have respiratory stigmas posterior to coxa IV (Anderson, 2002). Ixodid ticks are highly physiologically dependent of their hosts and can be vectors of a variety of pathogens that can cause disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife (Anderson and Magnarelli, 2008). Infectious agents may be transmitted transtadially (larva to nymph or nymph to adult) or transovarially, i.e., from generation to generation, as well as passed on to their hosts while obtaining a blood meal. In Brazil, the first records of ticks of free-ranging mammals were provided by Aragão (1936), Fonseca and Aragão (1952, 1953), and Aragão and Fonseca (1961). Later reports include Serra Freire et al. (1996); Castro and Serra Freire (1996); Amorim et al. (1998); Evans et al. (2000); Guerra et al. (2000); Martins et al. (2004); and Miziara et al. (2008). Here, we report for the first time the presence of Ixododidae in wild giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus). This study was conducted at the Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural do Serviço Social do Comércio, Pantanal (RPPN SESC Pantanal; 16°39'S, 56°15'W), a Conservation Unit located in the northern portion of the Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Two adult giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus), a male and a female, were captured by hand and chemically restrained with 10 mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg midazolam. A clinical examination was performed and blood samples extracted. Ticks found attached to the armadillos were manually removed by twisting them around the longitudinal axis of their idiosome, preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol, and sent to the Ixodides Laboratory at the National Reference Center for Vectors of Rickettsias of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) in Rio de Janeiro. The parasites were examined using a stereomicroscope and identified according to the dichotomic keys of Aragão and Fonseca (1961) and Barros-Battesti et al. (2006). Three female ticks were found on one armadillo, while the other was infested by a male and female tick. All of them were identified as Amblyomma cajennense (Fig. 1). This is the first report of A. cajennense in P. maximus. Several ticks of this genus have been described in other armadillos. For instance, A. auricularium and A. pseudoconcolor have been observed on Dasypodidae (Guglielmone et al., 2003). A. brasiliense was found in Dasypus septemcinctus and D. novemcinctus (Evans et al., 2002), A. auricularium in D. novemcinctus (Amorim and Serra-Freire, 2000; Olegário et al., 2006), A. fuscum in D. septemcinctus (Aragão, 1936; Brum et al., 2003), and A. parvum in D. kappleri (Mullins et al., 2004). Edentata no. 11(1) • 2010 73
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ISSN 1413-4411 (print version) ISSN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS iii Letter from t
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Letter from the Editor Welcome to t
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Albinismo Total em Preguiças-de-Ga
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(Xenarthra, Bradypus variegatus). E
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landscapes characteristic of the re
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anteaters killed by a forest fire w
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Institute of Conservation and Ecolo
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New Data on Armadillos (Xenarthra:
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Discussion Like all armadillos, C.
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Number Localities Province Lat. (S)
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Rostagno, C. M. and del Valle, H. F
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marcando os animais com tinta no do
Page 27 and 28: Referências Beebe, W. 1926. The th
Page 29 and 30: agrícolas (Fonseca e Aguiar, 2004)
Page 31 and 32: conservadas. O ambiente era semelha
Page 33 and 34: Vermelho das Espécies Ameaçadas d
Page 35 and 36: Cuevas de Armadillos (Cingulata: Da
Page 37 and 38: D. kappleri. Sin embargo, no descar
Page 39 and 40: site, experimental design and resea
Page 41 and 42: escatados por CORMACARENA (Entidad
Page 43 and 44: estacionalidad en condiciones de ca
Page 45 and 46: comportamientos del macho y a la de
Page 47 and 48: Atropellar (RUN). La hembra se encu
Page 49 and 50: Post Cópula Macho (PCM). El macho,
Page 51 and 52: y posee las propiedades físicas qu
Page 53 and 54: TABLA 3. Análisis proximal de la d
Page 55 and 56: Dados Reprodutivos da População C
Page 57 and 58: 2007. Em Morford e Meyers (2003) h
Page 59 and 60: Reevaluation of the Geographical Di
Page 61 and 62: distribution of B. tridactylus and
Page 63 and 64: Table 1, continued. Locality Source
Page 65 and 66: We followed Phillips et al. (2006)
Page 67 and 68: Schinz, H. R. 1825. Das Thierreich
Page 69 and 70: season starts in mid-April and cont
Page 71 and 72: of the tree) in order to know which
Page 73 and 74: espectively). The correlation was s
Page 75 and 76: Eisenberg, J. F. and Thorington Jr.
Page 77: Figure 1. Barro Colorado Island and
Page 81 and 82: Figueiredo, L. T. M., Badra, S. J.
Page 83 and 84: se deve à pouca flexibilidade do c
Page 85 and 86: uma altura de aproximadamente 12 m.
Page 87 and 88: NEWS MEETINGS Good news: cacao agro
Page 89 and 90: Edentata — Instructions to Author
Page 91 and 92: Results This section should highlig
Page 93 and 94: Edentata — Instrucciones para los
Page 95 and 96: Materiales y Métodos Esta sección
Page 97 and 98: Edentata — Instruções aos autor
Page 99 and 100: No caso de que se enumere uma lista
Page 101: Envio de manuscritos Os manuscritos
Page 104: Edentata The Newsletter of the IUCN
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Edentata 11(1) - Anteater, Sloth & Armadillo Specialist Group

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