Khmer Krom, p.1-10 - Absara
Khmer Krom, p.1-10 - Absara
Khmer Krom, p.1-10 - Absara
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LA MINORITE<br />
CAMBODGIENNE<br />
DE COCHINCHINE<br />
( Extrait du Bulletin de la<br />
Société des Etudes Indochinoises )<br />
Tome XXI 1er Semestre 1946<br />
Par LOUIS MALLERET<br />
CnCatiPaKticExµr<br />
enA<br />
EdnkUsaMgsIun<br />
eday lI√m"alW ¬er"<br />
E®bsMrYleday eGg-esrIbu®t<br />
karpßayrbs'sarBt·man«GgapplerbUrI»<br />
rkßasiTi Ï®Kb'y"ag<br />
(K˘s˘2004 - B˘s˘2548)
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 01<br />
ebI®bsinCaxM∆¨Vne®CIserIsykmkniyayBICnCatiExµrenAEdndIkUsS<br />
gsIunenaH k*e®JHEtxM∆¨yl'eXIjfaCakarmansar:®beyaCn_x¬SgNas'<br />
k~¨gkareqI¬ytbeTAnwgsiTiÏrbs'CnCatiPaKticmYycMnYnd*sMxan' enHebIeKmi<br />
nKiteTAelIlk≈&N´n®bvti†saÂs†eT .<br />
CakarBitNas' EdndIkUsSgsIunminGacykeTAe®bobeFob CamYynwg<br />
®bCaCn®Kb'Catisasn_ Edlrs'enAtamtMbn'Ep~kxagelI´nEdndItugkwg<br />
enAtam®BM®bTl'Ednlav …enAtamEdndIxıg'rab´nPUmiPaKkN†al´n≤NÎË<br />
cin EdlTSgGs'K~ayl'®sb[eQµaHfa CaEdndIrbs'BBYkhiNÎËnigBYk<br />
m"yenaHeT . EtenAeBlenH eKVnkt'smappleal'eXIjenAelIEdndItammat'<br />
Ten¬emKgapple nUvvt†man´nCnCatiPaKticCae®cIn Edlrs'enACYnkalENn<br />
Nan'tan'tab'elIK~a CYnkalrs'enA‰eNHx¬H‰eNaHx¬H dac'@BIK~a ehIy<br />
mankMritvb∫Fm·…cMNg'cMNUlcit† EdlVnp†l'Eck[nUvlk≈N:smappleal'<br />
FatuedImrbs'eK . ebIsinCac∫ab'fµIVnp†l'[BiPBelaknUvsnʨHfIµk~¨gkar<br />
eKarBdl'buKappleliklk≈N:Biess´nCnCatiEdlTn'exßayenaH xM∆¨nwgerob<br />
rab'enAeBlenH edIm∫ICaCMnYydl'sµartI ´nCnCatitUctactictYcx¬H dUcCa –<br />
m"y, esÊøg, m"a …P~g Edlrs'enAtamCMralP~Mtam®BMEdnPaKxageCIg nig<br />
TisxagekIt´nEdndIkUsSgsIun . m"¥ageTotshKm´nCatisasn_TSg<br />
enaH CYnkalrs'enApßge®Bg eday≤tmanlMenABit®Vkd®bCa ( tantôt<br />
errantes, tantôt sédentaires ) CYnrs'enAnwgmYykEn¬g˘˘˘ k*BYkenaHGacCatM-<br />
NagCnCatiEdlVnkan'kab'TwkdI®tg'enaHmuneKEdr edaymancMnYnPaK<br />
e®cInrhUtdl'ry:eBlyUrGn¬g'e®kay@mkVnratt∫ateBjelIdI®tg'Jm<br />
lycUlk~¨gsmu®T ( le Delta ) . lk≈N:Biessrbs'BYkeK k*kan'EtcuH<br />
Gn'fyenAcMeJHmuxCnCatiyYnd*e®cIn´®kElg k*dUcCakarrlayVt'bg'<br />
Gs'nUvs~Ël´nCnCaticam EdlVnkekItmuneKenA®tg'PUmiPaK´tnijdUec~aH<br />
Edr . k*b"uEn†enAk~¨gext†mat'®CUk ( cUvduk ) eK®bTHeXIjCnCatiC√a nigCn<br />
CaticamenAEtrkßaCMenOrbs'eKeTAelIKmIırkUr"g' ( Corant ) ehIyEdlelak<br />
Marcel NER Vncg̨lbJÇak'y"ag®twm®tUv enAk~¨gGtƒbTrbs'elakcuHpßayk~¨g®Bwti†b&®tsalaVrSgenAcugbUJ·<br />
( Bulletin de l'Ecole Française<br />
d'Extrême Orient ) .<br />
e®kABI®kumTSgLayEdlenACab'lab' eKetagerobrab'pgEdrnUv®bCa-<br />
CnGen†a®bevsn_ dUcCashKm´nBYkG~kkan'sasnamham"at'enATI®kug´®B
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 02<br />
nKr nigecILWg ( Saigon-Cholon ) EdlenATIenaHBYkeKVnksag®BHvihar<br />
BIr (2 mosquées)®BmTSgniKmCnhiNÎË ( BYkkan'sasna®JhµN_ ) nigBYk<br />
Sikhsedaymanvt†manEp~kvb∫Fm·rbs'eK KW®BHvi harmYykEn¬gCaTIsk˚ar:bU<br />
Ca (sanctuaires) cMnYn6kEn¬g EdlmanbYnkEn¬gCavihar ®JhµJÔsasna .<br />
®kummYyd*sMxan'eTot e®JHBYkeKkan'kab' nigeFI√skmµk~¨gvis&y esdΩkicç<br />
enAelIEdndIkUsSgsIunTSgmUl enaH KW®kumcin EdlmanedImkMeNItecjBI<br />
´hNam, k√agTug …BIh√¨keKon ehIyrs'enA®bmUlpM†¨K~aCashKmedayma<br />
nkarcat'Ecgy"ag®twm®tUvlÌNas' KWBYkcinkg'tug BYkcinGakas (Akas),<br />
BYkcin®TIvcUv, BYkcinh√¨keKon nigBYkcin´hNam . eKKYrEtrab'bJçËleTAk~¨<br />
g®kumcinpgEdr nUvkUnecAkat' cin-yYn ( métis sino-annamites ) Edlma<br />
ncMnYntictYcs†ÁcesI†gNas' Etk*mancMnYne®cInbgappleÁrEdrenATI®kugecILWg,<br />
mIufr nigsuk®tSg ®BmTSgenAtameq~rQUgsmu®Tesom KWtSgBIhaeTogrhU<br />
tdl'TwkexµA (kaem"A ) .<br />
‹ shKmExµrenAkUsSgsIunmancMnYnTSgGs' ®bmaN550,000nak'<br />
k~¨gcMnYn®bCaCnsrub4,800,000nak' . ebI®Kan'EteK®keLkemIlP¬am eK<br />
seg˚teXIjfa smama®tenHhak'dUcCaenAexßayNas' e®JHfaCakarBit<br />
Nas'eTAehIy EdlfakMeNItrbs'®bCaCnyYn EdlenAeBjJsk~¨g<br />
e®Cay≤NÎËcinTSgmUl mansPaBekIneLIgCalMdab' . minEtb"ueNˆaHesa<br />
t kareFI√Gen†a®bevsn_sMedAeTATisxagt∫Ëg´nCatisasn_yYn KYrkt'smapplea<br />
l'faCa®Bwti†ehtu®bvti†saÂs†mYyd*fIµefµagesaH . eKmindwgfa etI®tUvrkmeF¥aVyEbbNa[Vnyuti†Fm·x¬Hpg<br />
k~¨gkarbnƒyel∫ØnhUrcUl´nCati<br />
sasn_mkBIxageCIgenH . EteKetagcat'Tukfa CasiTiÏrbs'CnCatiPaKtic<br />
pgEdr CaBiessCnCatiTSgenaH CatMNag[CnCatisasn_mYy EdlEb<br />
kecjBIeKd´TeTot ehIyEdleK®tUvEttamBinit¥Geg˚temIl≤tQb'Qr<br />
cab'tSgBIstvtßdMbUg@ rhUtmkdl'eBlsB√´f©enH .<br />
®bCaBlrdΩExµr eKCYb®bTHCaBiessenA®tg'e®CaydITen¬FMnigTen¬Vsak'<br />
. k~¨gext†®tavijnaq~S1937 man®bCaCnExµrTSgGs'82,000nak'rs'<br />
enAy"agkkkuj ehIyEdlyYnman156,000nak' . enAext†suk®tSg s-<br />
mama®trvagCatisasn_TSgBIrman – 50,000nak'Tl'nig<strong>10</strong>7,000nak' .<br />
enAext†Vk'lIv ®bCaBlrdΩExµrmancMnYnEtmYyPaK®VMmYy (1/6)´n®bCa-<br />
CnyYn . ‰enAk~¨gext†kwgefIvij manEtcMnYnmYyPaKdb'(1/<strong>10</strong>)b"ueNˆaH .
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 03<br />
k*b"En†enAext†ra"c'y"a (®kmYns) cMnYn®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kamVnekIneLIgvij<br />
esIµnwgmYyPaKbI (1/3) eJlKWmancMnYn65,000nak'Tl'nwg192,000nak'<br />
®BHvihard*®ss'bM®BgxagelIenH KW®BHviharvt† « esrIsuxumsgapplemmanC&<br />
y » ext†X¬Sg . ®BHvihar®sedogK~aenH mancMnYnTSgGs'Cag®VMry<br />
siƒtenATUTSgEdndIkmı¨Cae®kamrbs'eyIg . ®keLkeXIjvt†eFI√[eyIg<br />
®sk'TwkEP~k®seNaHdl'TwkdIdUntaEdlVt'bg'eTA . Photo: Thach Xé<br />
enAext†haeTogEdlCaext†d*tUcman®bCaCnenAticenAeLIyenH cMnYnCn<br />
CatiTSgBIrmancMnYn®bhak'®bEhlK~a . cMENkenAext†cUvdukvij Exµrman<br />
cMnYn(1/3) mYyPaKbIKW40,000nak' Tl'nwgyYn168,000nak' . ebIsineK<br />
®sg'ykEtlk≈N:TUeTA e®kABIext†®tavij eKseg˚teXIjfa ®Kan'EtenA<br />
PUmiPaKkat'Ten¬Vsak' ( le seul Tranbassac ) b"ueNˆaH shKmExµrmanrhU<br />
tdl'eTAdb'®VMmYyPaKry (16%) ´ncMnYnCnCatisrubTSgGs' .<br />
enAk~¨gPUmiPaK®tavijnigsuk®tSg G~kEdlmankMeNItenAk~¨g®suk®sa<br />
b' ( les autochtones ) VntSglMenACit@K~aENnNan'tan'tab' . k~¨gq~S19
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 04<br />
37 ext†TI1enAk~¨gbN†aext†TSgBIrxagelIenH ®bCaBlrdΩExµrVnrkßaTuk<br />
nUvlk≈N:e®cInelIslb' ( la position dominante ) Cagsasn_d´TeTot<br />
enAk~¨gbN†aPUmiTSghasib (50) nigmancMnYnPaKe®cIn ( la majorité ) enA<br />
k~¨gPUmiCag´m∏eTot .<br />
BYkeKrs'enACMuvijvt†Garamrbs'BYkeKEdlmancMnYn<strong>10</strong>9vt† nigman®BH<br />
sgÙcMnYn1,300Ggapple . KWvt†TSgGs'enHehIy EdlVnbg˙at'be®gonp¬Ëv<br />
Fm·, p¬Ëv®BHBuTÏsasna .<br />
enAext†suk®tSg eKrab'eXIjvt†minticCag54vt†eLIy ehIyeKEfrkßa<br />
buKappleliklk≈N:Catisasn_[siƒtenACaExµrCanicç . BYkeKVnEfrkßaTuky"a<br />
gmwugm"at'nUvGt†sJÔaNCatitamry: « smaKmGb'rMsIlFm·-dMerHviCÇa nig<br />
srIrragkay´nExµrenAkUsSgsIun Association pour la formation morale -<br />
intellectuelle et physique des Cambogiens de Cochinchine »<br />
dwknSeday elakLS-‰m . ( k˘G˘b˘b˘ – e®kaymksmaKmenHVnE®b<br />
eQµaHCa mit†smaKmExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kam Amical des <strong>Khmer</strong>s du Kampuchea<br />
<strong>Krom</strong> -A.K.K. ehIysB√´f©manbN†ajenAk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca, shrdΩ<br />
Gaemrik, ®beTsVrSg, kaNada, GUÂs†alI, nUEvlehßLg'˘˘˘ ) .<br />
enAPUmiPaKcen¬aHkN†al kat'edayTen¬Vsak' PUminanarbs'CnCati<br />
ExµrsiƒtenACMuK~a dUcCaPUmiGUrnigPUmiet~atCaedIm .<br />
enAext†r"ac'-y"a ( ext†®kmYns ) PUmiExµrTSgLaysiƒtenAhak'bIdUcCa<br />
ekaHB®gayJseBj enAEb"kxageCIgnigEb"kxagt∫Ëg´nTI®bCMuext† . k*b"u<br />
En†enAextcUv-dukvij enAtambeN†ayCYrP~M®TItug ( Triton ) PUmiExµrbn†bnÊab'<br />
K~ahUrEhkkkuj edayVnrkßaTuky"agmF¥&t nUvTMenomTm¬ab'tSgBIburaN<br />
kalerogmk . PUmiExµrx¬HeTot siƒtenA‰eNaHx¬H‰eNaHx¬H ( des éléments<br />
sporadiques ) eKrEmg®bTHeXIjenAk~¨gext†L¨g-es√øg, yin-L¨g,<br />
twg-Gag nigenATI®kugecI-eLIgpgEdr . cMENkenA‰naybwgkk‰eNaH (<br />
au delà Plaine des Joncs ) eKrEmg®bTHeXIjPUmiExµrelcecjCarUbrageLI<br />
g enAeBlEdleKkan'EteTACitdl'®BM®bTl'Edn®beTskmı¨Ca eJlKWenA<br />
k~¨gPUmiPaKext†´tnij .<br />
®bCaBlrdΩExµrVneKcecjBIPUmiPaKkN†al dUcCaext†mI-f, ext†ebn<br />
E®t …ext†ehapplea-kug ®BmTSgBIGaNaext†TSgLaynaTisbUJ· dUcCaext†V<br />
ero k*b"uEn†eKk*enArab'eXIjfa enAmanCnCatiExµrrab'Jn'nak'pgEdr enAk~¨g
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 05<br />
ext†ebog-va" nigext†FU-y"Uvem"ak ( ExµreyIgehAfa ext†TYltaemak ) Edl<br />
CasMNl'cuge®kaybgÌs' ( dernier vestige ) naPUmiPaKxagekIt bnÊab'BI®tU<br />
vBYkyYnQ¬anJn®bv&JçykVnmkehIy .<br />
eTaHbI®bCaBlrdΩTSgenaHVneKcePosx¬Án ecjeTAkEn¬gd´TVt'eTA<br />
ehIyk*eday k*EdndImYyPaKFMrbs'BYkeK enAEtbnßl'TuknUvGnusßavrIy_<br />
d*EsnCUrct' EdlenAEt®tUvVnrkßaTukenAk~¨gb¬g'EpnTI®bvti†saÂs† kMNt'<br />
faCa®sukeTsrbs'eKdEdl . eQµaH®suk-PUmi-tMbn'x¬H@ va®Kan'EtEkE®b<br />
BIeQµaHedImCaExµrEtb"ueNˆaH . dUcenHehIy VnCaeKgayyl'gaysappleal'<br />
CaTIbMput dUcCa – ext†saEdk ( Sa Dec ) k¬aymkBIJk¥Exµr : pßarEdk ( le<br />
marché de fer ) CaedIm˘˘˘. Jk¥ Sôc Trang mkBIJk¥ : ®sukX¬Sg ( le<br />
pays des greniers ) . ext†®ta-vij Tra Vinh …ext†®BH®tJMg . ext† Bac<br />
Liêu … ext†eJFielI ( Pô-Loeuh : le haut banian ) ( dl'eBle®kaymk<br />
ExµrehAk¬ayeTACa : Bllav e®JHmanemT&BCatilavm~ak' VnnSBlerh_eTA<br />
c∫Sgkab'sm¬ab'edjyYnenATIenaH ®tg'tMbn'VP~M (1720) enAe®kayraCes†<br />
cC&yeCdΩaTI2 ) . ext† Camau …TwkexµA ( Tuk Khmau ) TwkexµA les eaux<br />
noires . ext†mIu-fr My Tho … Mê Sar ( la dame blanche ) mkBIJk¥Exµrfa<br />
ext† em-s .l. nig .l.˘˘˘<br />
eQµaHd´TeTotCakarbkE®besµaHEtm†g CaJk¥yYnBIeQµaHedImCaExµr<br />
dUec~HehIyVnCaeKeXIjfa ext†ebnE®t Bên Trê - la berge des bambous<br />
( yYn : Bên E®bfacMNt dUcCacMNt…ebnLan, kMBg'q¬g˘˘˘ nigE®t Trê<br />
E®bfaedImÚsßI ) k¬aymkBIJk¥Exµrfa : ext†kMBg'ÚsßI . tMbn' Bên Nghê (<br />
Nghê E®bfa®kbI ) la berge des bufflons EdlCaeQµaHedIm´nPUmiPaKtUc<br />
mYysiƒtenACayTI®kug´®BnKr˘˘˘ tamry:eQµaHenHeKGacyl'Vny"agga<br />
yfa mkBIJk¥Exµr : kMBg'®kbI . m"¥agvijeTot eQµaHBIburMburaNx¬H@eTot<br />
eKrkEtemIlminyl' k*b"uEn†eQµaHTSgenaHenAEtVn®bCaBlrdΩykmk<br />
e®bICanicç ≤tEdleVHbg'ecalesaHeLIy dUcCaeragdMrI « l'enclos des élé<br />
phants » sMrab'sMKal'ext†´t-nij . L¨g-eha « le devin noyé » CaeQµaH<br />
ext†vij-L¨gsB√´f© . ext†mat'®CUk « le groin du porc » eTACaext†cUv-duk.<br />
ext†®kmYns « la cire blanche » eTACaext†r"ac'-y"a . ext†Jm « Peam »<br />
l'embouchure eTACaext†haeTog Hatiên nigCaBiess®kug´®BnKr ( Prei<br />
Nokor : du sanskrit Nagara - la ville de la forêt ) sMrab'ehAeQµaHCa Saïgon-
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 06<br />
rUbft®BHviharvt†eJFisalraC ( vt†kMBg' ) Cavt†EdlExµrTUeTAenAk~¨g<br />
ext†®BH®tJMg EtgnSK~amkeFI√BiFIbgߨkUlCUnåkj"asWn-Kuy . vt†enH<br />
ksagdMNalK~anwgvt†sMerag‰k ( stvtßTI7 ) . manvt†bIeTotEdl<br />
mancMNas'dUcK~aKW – vt†xÊwg, vt†ekaH nigvt†eKak . Photo: Thach Xé
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 07<br />
Cholon eJlKWTI®kugenHehIyEdlCaGtitrdΩFanI (bUrI) rbs'Exµr Edl´pÊmY<br />
yPaKFMVnlatsnÏwgeTAelIvalp~Ërexµac …valrehazan ( une partie de la<br />
Plaine de Tombeaux ) mYyEp~kEdr . dUceKVneXIjrYcmkehIy®sab' J<br />
k¥…eQµaH®suk-PUmi-tMbn'TSgLayenaH vamanTMnak'TMngeTAnwgFnFan<br />
FmµCati CYneTAnwglk≈N:FmµCati ehIyCaTUeTAe®cInmann&yc∫as'las'<br />
eTotpg Et®tUveKbM´P¬BIeQµaHedIm …lb'ecalbMVt'tagesµaHEtm†g CaBiessedIm∫IsMKal'eQµaHPUminana<br />
edayeKerIsyktamJk¥yYn-cinniym<br />
ehA edayEcg®Vb'…Ef¬gbJÇak'BIbMNgcg'VnPaBsMbUrsb∫ay, suPm<br />
gapplel …PaBcMerInlUtlas' . kicçkarEp~krdΩVlrbs'eyIgrEmgVnykcit†<br />
Tukdak'cab'GarmµN_Canicç cMeJHeQµaHTSgLayEdleKykmkdak'CMnYs<br />
eQµaHedImTSgenaH . CaBiessenAeBlEdlEp~krdΩVyrbs'eyIgEs√g<br />
rkedImehtuEdlecjmk k~¨gkicçerobcMbg˚begI˚t®bmUlpM†¨eTACaPUmi-XMu- ®su<br />
kTSgenaH faGacsMGageTAelIlk≈N:esdΩkicç …eTAelIkargay®sYl .<br />
manCYnkaleQµaHfIµCaPasayYndEdlh~wg va≤tmanTSgn&yeTAeTot ehI<br />
yEdlkareVHBumıpßayCabn†bnÊab'nUvEpnTIEdlpßayecj BI®ksYgEpn<br />
TIPUmisaÂs† ( Service Géographique ) k*BMuVnTSg®sav®Cavtamdan[Vn<br />
c∫as'las'BIkarEkE®bp¬as'b†ËrtamGMeBIcit†edayKµannrNaCMTas'EbbenH (<br />
ces modifications arbitraires ) enAelIviT¥asaÂs†xagelIkb¬g'EpnTI . xM∆¨Vn<br />
sappleal'PUmimYyenAk~¨gext†ra"c'-y"a EdlmaneQµaHedImfa Ban Thach mann&-<br />
yfa «tufµ» ( table de pierre ) Vnk¬ayeTACa Ban Tân Dinh edayrMlay<br />
eQµaHPUmi Ban Thach nigPUmi Tham Dinh cUlK~a EdlGMeNIHteTAeQµaHenH<br />
≤tmann&yGI√Tal'EtesaH . EteQµaHPUmifIµenaHVnTajcit†xM∆¨[cab'Garmµ-<br />
N_y"agx¬SgBIeQµaHcas' ( eQµaHedImdMbUg ) e®JHvacEm¬kmindUcsB√dg .<br />
xM∆¨k*VneTAeFI√TsßnkicçBinit¥dl'TIkEn¬g ehIyEdlkareTAeFI√karGeg˚tBini<br />
t¥rbs'xM∆¨enaH vamin≤t®beyaCn_‰Na e®JHCaehtuj¨Sg[xM∆¨Vnsappleal'Ca<br />
cugbJçb'fa « tufµ » ( la table de pierre ) minEmneCIgm"aEvgeFI√BIdI®khm (<br />
non pas un banc de latérite ) dUcEdleKVnbJÇak'®Vb'enaH‰Na Etva<br />
CaX¬SgEdlpʨkeBjeJreTAedaysMbklas-®KMu-x¥g ehIyEdlmanbeN†ayrab'ryEm"®t‰eNaH<br />
TukCasMNambJÇak'[dwgfa ®tg'kEn¬genH<br />
ehIyCa®cSgeq~rsmu®TkalBImunyUrGn¬g'mkehIy @EdlmanragCakUnP~M<br />
BIrekIteLIgBIsMbkx¥g-las-®KMu ragdUcCarbs'erobcMsMrab'e®bI®Vs'k~¨g
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 08<br />
rUbftsalaqTanvt†eTJ√ram ( ´®BCab' ) ext†X¬Sg<br />
Photo: Thach Xé<br />
pÊH layLMedayGMEbgdb, Ekv, epIg, can ehIymanTMnak'TMngeTAnwgkar<br />
enACitVrayN_ ( Ten¬VTI) d*FMeFgenH ( dans cet immense emporium) Ed<br />
lman´pÊ®kLarhUtdl'eTACag400hiktaenaH k*hak'bIdUcCamankarCab'<br />
Tak'TgCamYyK~anwgh√Ëg®bCaCn EdledIr®Cktam®beTsnana ( la population<br />
cosmopolite ) BIe®JHeKVnrukrkeXIjenAlayLMK~a ®cbUk®cbl'nUv<br />
rbs'rbre®bI®Vs'epßg@ EdlbJÇak'BI≤TiÏBl≤NÎËeNsIu, ≤NÎË, mn, ≤-<br />
NÎa, eGora"nIejøg ´n®beTs®kikCMnan'edIm ®BmTSg®beTsr"UmuSgEfmeTot<br />
pg .<br />
ebI®bsinCaeKseg˚tBinit¥BIelIGakasmk TsßniyPaBTSgenHcg̨<br />
lbg˙aj[eXIjfa ®bCaBlrdΩTSgenaHykVneCaKC&yCMnHelITwk eda<br />
yman®bLaybJçËlTwk…bg˙ËrTwktambMBg' ( drainage ) ®BmTSgVnCIk<br />
®bLayE®Bkd*FMsem∫Im EdleKenAEtrukrkeXIjs¬aks~amenAeLIy rhUt
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un 09<br />
tdl'eTAtMbn'PUmiPaKEdllicTwkJk'kN†alnavalkk' ( les terres seminoyées<br />
de la Plaine des Joncs ) . y"agehacNas'k~¨gry:eBlCag30q~S<br />
cuge®kayenHEdr EdlenAtMbn'PUmiPaKnanatat'tamTen¬Vsak' swgEteJr<br />
eBjeTAeday´®Bsµsan†®kas'XµwkFMl√wgelI√y ehIyCnTSgLayNa Ed<br />
lVnEvkEjk®tYs®tay ebIkp¬ËvGaNaniKmfIµmuneKbgÌs'mkkan'PUmiPaK<br />
enH ®VkdCaVnsarsgCamYyBYkCnEdleBjcit†nwgx¬Án‰gTSgenaH eda<br />
yeCOCak'fa manEtBYkeKEdlVnkab'q˚arvatTIk~¨g´®Bd*s†¨knaTIenHmuneK<br />
bgÌs' . tamBitman®bCaCnd*e®cInkuHkrVnrs'enATIenHBIedImerogmk<br />
elITwkdI ( Jk'kN†alTwk-Jk'kN†aldIeKak ) ehIyeyaleTAelIcm¬ak'<br />
kt'®taelIfµEdleK®bTHeXIjnastvsßTI5 ®tg'tMbn'PUmiPaKkN†al´nva<br />
lbwgkk'enaH Cakarbg˙ajbJÇak'[eXIjBit®Vkdfa ®tg'tMbn'enHEdl<br />
sB√´f©Cavall˙el˙vhYtEhg≤tmanmnusßenAs©at'®CgMuenaH EtkalBIs<br />
m&yedIm TI®tg'enH®tUvVnBBYkmnusßykC&yCMnHelItMbn'Pk'l∫b'CadMbU<br />
gbgÌs' . xM∆¨Kµankarb"unb"gGI√cg'cg̨lbJÇak'fa enATIenH Ps†¨tagCabn†bnÊa<br />
b'®Vb'fa manvt†manCnCatiExµrenAelITwkdIkUsSgsIun BIstvtßmYyeTAs<br />
tvtßmYyeTotenaHeLIy . sk≈IPaBPs†¨tagEdl®sav®CavrkVnmkTSg<br />
Gm∫almaNtSgBICag<strong>10</strong>q~Skn¬gmkehIyenaH rhUtmkTl'nwgeBlenH<br />
eKeXIjmanrab'ryeTAehIy . enAk~¨g®beTsenH eKVnrukrkeXIjenAta<br />
mTIsk˚ar:bUCa kEn¬gBisidΩnUvBMnUkfµek∫Øg EdlCa®KwHsMNl'EdlenAes<br />
ssl'enAtamvt†Garamnana rvagstvtßTI6 …®bEhlCamunenHeTAeTot<br />
pgk*mindwg enAtamext†x&NÎTSgLay dUcCaenAext†ra"c'y"a, ®tavij, ebn-<br />
E®t, Cap St. Jacques ehIynigenAvalkk' . rUb®BH®BhµN_sMrab'eKarBbU<br />
Ca ( les Idoles brahmaniques ) CaBiess®BHk~¨g®BhµJÔsasnamancMnYn<br />
e®cInCaGenk ehIyenArayV"y®Kb'TisTI . k*b"uEn†kareKarBbUCacMeJH®BH<br />
siv:vij vamankar®cbUk®cbl'K~a eTACamYynwg®BHGaTieTB EdlekItman<br />
eLIgenAesIÊr®Kb'TIkEn¬g nigCanimit†rUb´nbUraNPaB´p~kneyaVy . TI®b<br />
cMuCnCae®cInVn®tUvksageLIgenAelIdIsN†Ten¬emKgapple ( le Delta ) dUcCa<br />
enA´®BnKr … Saigon-Cholon CaedIm . TI®bCMuCnkMBg'Ep Oc-Eo enA®tg'PUmi<br />
PaKkat'Ten¬Vsak' ( le Transbassac )- ®VsaT<strong>10</strong>0El√genA®tg'valbkßabkßI<br />
( la plaine des Oiseaux ) naEb"kxageCIgext†TwkexµA . nastvtßTI<br />
11 GFibety¥PaBExµrVnlatsnÏwgy"agBit®VkdNas' eTAelItMbn'suk
CnCatiPaKticExµrenAEdnkUsSgsI un <strong>10</strong><br />
k®TSg enACMuvijkMBg'EpVsak' . BIrstvtße®kaymk skI≈PaBVnbJÇak'<br />
y"agc∫as' BIsMNg'mnIÊrB¥aVleraKTSgLayEdlsg'eLIg CaBiess<br />
e®kam®BHraCkicçcat'Ecgrbs'®BHmhakß®td*åt†¨gåt†mCageKbgÌs' KW®BH<br />
VTC&yvrµ&nTI7 dUcEdleKEtg®bTHeXIjenAk~¨gext†kwg-efI ( ext†E®BkÚ<br />
sßI ) . enAcuge®kayeKbgÌs' enAmanerOge®Bgnanarbs'Exµr…rbs'yYn<br />
®BmTSgsMeNrkt'®tarbs'G~kdMeNIr …k*ebskCn ( les missionnaires )<br />
eTot k*rwtEtbJÇak'y"agc∫as'las'fa TwkdI®tg'enH®tUvVnExµr®tYt®takan'<br />
kab'CaerogrhUtmk y"agCab'lab'min[Vt'bg'eLIy ( avec persistance )<br />
ehIy®Bwti†karN_Gs'TSgenH ®tUvVnCnCaticam´nnKrcMV"VnbJÇak'Efm<br />
eTot enAeBlEdlcamkMBugtva"®bqSgnwgkarQ¬anJnrbs'yYnTSgkI†Gs'<br />
sgÙwm .<br />
kmı¨CaEdlBIedImCaGFiraCaNac®kmYyd*TUlMTUlay (un immense empire<br />
) k*®tUv®bQmmuxnwgkarEbkVk'CabMENk@nastvtße®kay@erog mk<br />
enAcMeJHmuxKU®bECgTSgBIr EdlrEmgEtgEtb¬n'ykedaybMJnnUvTw<br />
kdIkmı¨Ca KWBInKrGNˆamenAEb"kxagekIt nigBI®beTsesomenAEb"kxagli<br />
c . ®BMsImaEp~kneyaVyrbs'kmı¨CanaeBlenaH manPaB®sbK~amkTl'<br />
bcç¨b∫n~kalenH eJlKWlatsnÏwg®Kb≤TiÏBleTAelI®bTl'EdnEdlCati<br />
sasn_pgx¬Ánrs'enA ( à ses groupements ethniques ) .<br />
enA®beTsesom ebI®bsineKminKiteTAelItMbn' Alsace Loraine (®BMEd<br />
nVrSg-GalW¬m"g' ) KWtMbn'Vt'dMbg, sIusupunenaHeT k*eKenAEteXIjmanCn<br />
CatiExµry"age®cIn EdlCas~Ël´nCnCatimanedImkMeNItdMbUgeKbgÌs'enA<br />
®tg'tMbn'TMnab´next†kUra"t k~¨gtMbn'bUrIra"m enAsurin enAeKakx&NÎ enA®VCi<br />
mbUrI ( bsçwmburI ) rhUteTATl'nwgtMbn'nanaCitVgkk . CnCatiExµrmancM<br />
nYn®bmaN450,000nak' Vnbg˙ajbJÇak'cMeJHBYkG~kTTYlxus®tUv´n<br />
bsçwm®beTs[eXIjfa ExµrenAesomk*man®bhak'®bEhlnwgExµrenAEdn<br />
kUsSgsIunpgEdr ehIyExµrTSgLayenaH CasMNl'e®kayBIkarhineha<br />
cedaysarcMVMgrSgCl' ´nGtItmhaGMNacEp~kneyaVyrbs'Exµr<br />
EdlenAk~¨graC¥®BHVTC&yvrµ&nTI7 Vn®Kb'dN†b'eTAelI®beTsesom<br />
sB√´f©TSgmUl edayrYmTSgEdndI´ne®Caym"aLaka ( m"aLayU ) mYyEp~k<br />
pg rYceQageTAdl'Ep~kxageCIg´n®beTsPUma ®BmTSgEp~kxagelI´n®b<br />
eTslav - latsnÏwgelIEdndIkUsSgsIunTSgmUl Gs'ry:1/4´nstvtß
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