Cuadro comparativo

Ingeniería mecánica
SISTEMAS DE GENERACION DE
ENERGIA IM2 2023A
“UNIDAD 1”
Docente:
• Ing. Amy Alejandra Márquez Palomo.
Alumnos:
• Jesé David Aguilar Quezada (19150939).
• 20/02/2023
Fecha de entrega:

THERMAL STEAM PLANTS AND STEAM GENERATORS
Component Definition Types Operation (of each type) Main components Picture or diagram
Boiler (Steam
Generator)
It is a closed container in
which, by means of the heat
produced by a combustion
process of a burning fuel, the
liquid water inside is
transformed into steam at a
pressure greater than
atmospheric, to be used in
industrial processes of all.
(The combination of a boiler
and a superheater is known
as a steam generator.)
-By nature of service:
• Fixed
• Laptop
• Locomotive
• Marine
-By type of fuel:
• Coal
• Liquid fuels
• Gaseous fuels
• Mixed fuels
-Due to the energy needs of
the process:
• Hot water boilers.
• Superheated water
boilers.
• Saturated steam boilers.
• Superheated steam
boilers.
• Thermal fluid boilers.
-For the shot:
• Natural shot.
• Forced shot.
-By support systems:
• Boilers supported
• Suspended boilers
By means of the heat produced by a
combustion process of a burning
fuel, the liquid water inside is
transformed into steam at a
pressure greater than atmospheric.
-Chimney
-Burner
-Home
-Boiler body
-exchange tubes
-By the number of steps:

Turbine
It is a device that has the
ability to receive energy
of a fluid (hydraulic
energy) and transform it into
motion energy or
mechanical energy.
• One-step path of the
gases.
• Multi-step.
-By heat transmission:
• Convection boilers.
• Radiation boilers.
• Driving boilers.
-By the disposition of the
fluids:
• Water tube boilers.
• Smoke tube boilers.
-For your application:
• Wind
• hydraulics.
• Thermal
• Submarine
-Due to pressure change
on the impeller or on the
degree of reaction:
• Action turbines.
• Reaction turbines.
-Impulse or Action
Turbines:
• Pelton
• laval
• Curtiss
-Reaction turbines:
• Francisco
• Dériaz
• Propeller
• Kaplan
-For your application:
Wind energy is a renewable energy
source that is obtained from the
kinetic energy of the wind that
moves the blades of a wind turbine
which in turn puts into operation a
wind turbine that converts it into
electrical energy.
The hydraulic turbine is placed fixed
in a strategic place, where water
flows or there is a fall of it. When
the liquid passes through its
mechanism, the rotor blades or
vanes experience a drop in pressure
that drives them and causes the
turbine to rotate.
-Due to pressure change
on the impeller or on the
degree of reaction:
Before the water reaches the
impeller, part of the pressure energy
that the water brings in its fall is
-Nozzle
-Reels
-Blades
-Rotor
-Steam outlet
-Arrow
-Case
-Oilblocks
-Seals

Alternator
Machine that generates
alternating electric current
from the transformation of
mechanical energy. In order
to carry out this objective, it
uses electromagnetic
induction.
-First generation (KC, GC,
NC) and second generation
(B) compact alternators.
-Individual and interspersed
pole alternators with
collector rings.
-Monobloc alternators.
-Alternators with liquid
cooling.
transformed into kinetic energy in
the distributor, rotating around it.
-Impulse or Action Turbines:
In these turbines, the pressure that
the fluid has at the entrance to the
turbine is reduced to atmospheric
pressure in the steering crown,
remaining constant throughout the
entire runner.
-Reaction turbines:
The reaction turbines are driven by
the pressure that the liquid exerts
on the blades. This pressure
decreases from the leading edge to
the exit of the blade. In this type of
turbine, the rotor takes advantage
of the pressure with which the
water leaves the blades.
-First generation (KC, GC, NC) and
second generation (B) compact
alternators: They vary between 12
and 16 poles depending on the
energy required. The most powerful
are usually used for buses or
commercial vehicles.
-Individual and interspersed pole
alternators with collector rings:
They are like the compact ones, in
fact, they are gradually being
replaced by the latter. One of the
reasons is that the compact ones
allow a higher turning speed (18,000
rpm compared to 20,000 rpm).
-Regulator.
-Inductor or rotor.
-Stator.
-Pulley.
-Bridge rectifier or
bridge of diodes.
-Case.
-Fan.
-Slip rings.
-Brushes.

Condenser
It is a closed enclosure in
which the steam leaves the
turbine and is forced to give
up its latent heat of
vaporization.
-Surface capacitors. (By
water or air).
-Jet condensers.
-Monobloc alternators: They are
like the compact ones, in fact, they
are gradually being replaced by the
latter. One of the reasons is that the
compact ones allow a higher turning
speed (18,000 rpm compared to
20,000 rpm).
-Liquid-cooled alternators: They are
cooled by the engine coolant. Its
main advantage is the considerable
delivery of power with a significant
noise reduction.
-In surface condensers, the steam
extracted from the turbines is
condensed as it passes over tubes
containing water from the cooling
system. The steam condenses when
it comes in contact with the cold
surface of the tubes and due to the
transfer of heat to the cooling water
by conduction and convection.
-In jet condensers, the cooling
water is sprayed onto the exhaust
steam and there is direct contact
between the exhaust steam and the
cooling water. The condensation
process is very fast and efficient, but
here the cooling water and the
condensed steam are mixed.
-Neck.
-Case or body.
-Water boxes.
-Tubes.
-Tube plates.
-Support plates.
-Hot well.
-Air cooling zone.
-Air extraction area.

feeding system
The water supplied to the
boiler to generate steam is
called boiler feedwater.
Does not apply.
The steam produced in the boiler
condenses and returns to the boiler
as recovered condensate, along with
additional fresh water or make-up
water.
-Heater.
-Bomb.
-Elements of water
treatment.
Cooling tower
It is an installation whose
function is the dispersion of
heat from the water, which
jointly involves the
phenomena of heat and mass
transfer (controlled
evaporation by direct contact
of water with air).
-Natural draft cooling
towers.
-Induced draft cooling
tower.
-Forced shot towers.
-Cross flow towers.
-Natural draft cooling towers: The
necessary air flow is obtained
because of the difference in
densities between the colder air
from outside and the humid air
from inside the tower.
-Induced draft cooling tower: In this
type of tower, air is sucked in by a
fan located at the top of the tower.
-Forced draft towers: The air is
forced by a fan located in the lower
part of the tower and is discharged
from the upper part.
-Cross Flow Towers: Air enters the
sides of the tower flowing
horizontally through the falling
water.
-Fan or blades.
-Water distribution and
sprinkler system.
-Dew Eliminators.
-Filling or evaporators.
-Water tank.
-Entrance blinds.
-Case.
-Engine and
Transmission.

System water
treatment
Feed water is that which is
supplied to the boiler and the
cooling system for its
operation in the thermal
power plant.
-Softening with lime and
sodium bicarbonate.
-Ion exchange (general).
-Exchange of sodium ions.
-Ion exchange. hydrogen.
-Deionization.
-Dealkalization.
-Distillation.
-Inverse osmosis.
-Electrodialysis.
-Softening: Consists of adding
substances to water that react with
calcium and magnesium ions,
transforming them into insoluble
compounds, which are separated
from water by conventional physical
procedures (decantation and
filtration).
-Ion exchange: describes a specific
chemical process in which unwanted
dissolved ions in water and effluents
are exchanged for other ions with a
similar charge.
-Deionization: consists of the
elimination of dissolved electrically
charged substances that it contains.
Substances that are not electrically
charged, such as organic
compounds, are not affected as they
pass through the resin.
-Dealkalization: consists of removing
a large part of the ions from the
water, acids, salts or minerals, which
mostly occur naturally.
-Distillation: consists of heating a
liquid until its most volatile
components pass into the vapor
phase and, later, cooling the vapor
until these components are
recovered in liquid form through a
condensation process.
-Reverse osmosis: physical-chemical
treatment that copies nature to
remove impurities from water,
-Softening:
Medium.
Separation ampoule.
Robinette.
-Ion exchange:
Resins, capable of
absorbing ions from a
solution, yielding in
exchange an equivalent
amount of another ion
without any apparent
change in their physical
appearance or
solubility.
-Deionization:
porous electrodes.
anionic membrane.
Spacer.
cationic membrane.
-Dealkalization
Power source.
-Distillation:
Heat source.
Ground flask.
Distillation head. Plug.
Thermometer.
Refrigerant.
Adapter.
-Inverse osmosis
Pressure vessels and
membranes.
sliding structure.
Cartridge filter.
High pressure pump.

passing it through semi-permeable
membranes.
-Electrodialysis: membrane process
in which ions are transported
through an ion exchange membrane
using electrical energy as the driving
force.
Control Panel.
-Electrodialysis:
Distributor plate and
electrode.
Packing
AEM
spacer
EMC
Spacer and gasket.
AEM
Packing.
Distributor plate and
electrode.
Water heater
It is a device used to
gradually heat the water that
is sent to a steam boiler.
-The closed feed water
heaters.
-Open feed water heaters.
-In closed feedwater heaters the
feedwater is pumped through the
tubes and the steam circulates
through the shell, thus heating the
water indirectly. The water formed
by condensing steam inside the
casing is then piped back to the
feedwater supply tank for reuse.
-In the open feed water heater, the
water is exposed to direct physical
contact with the heating steam.
Water is sprayed or cascaded down
-For the closed one we
have: Surround cover,
tubes, safety valve
connection, steam
impact baffle, plate
closure, drain, support,
integral tube plate,
cold water inlet, water
outlet, integral plate
cover .
- For open ones: feed
water inlet,

horizontal trays into a closed
container. The steam enters the
bottom of the container and heats
the water as it rises.
condensate, vent,
steam inlet, enveloping
cover, oil drip tube,
drain valve float, floatactuated
valve, base,
feed pump, clean
water, overflow.
Deaerator
A deaerator is a device used
to remove air or dissolved
gases from a liquid.
- According to the principle
of operation: They can be
classified as vacuum
deaerators, membrane
deaerators, thermal
deaerators, absorption
deaerators and flotation
deaerators, among others.
-According to location: They
can be classified according
to their location in the
system. For example, you
can find inlet deaerators,
which are installed at the
system inlet to remove air
before it reaches the
process; outlet deaerators
and intermediate
deaerators, which are
installed at specific points in
the system where air
accumulation is known to
occur.
-According to the
application: They can be
classified according to their
The operation of a deaerator can
vary depending on the type of
deaerator used, but in general, its
purpose is the same: to remove air
or gases dissolved in a liquid.
-Deaeration chamber
Inlet and outlet of
liquid.
-Gauges and controls.
-Valves and
connections.
-Air removal device.
-Purge system.
-Filter at the entrance
and exit.

application; it is designed to
meet the specific
requirements of the
application.
Water Pump
Boiler feed pumps feed water
at high temperature and
pressure to a steam
generator such as a boiler or
energy recovery generator to
produce power.
-Condensate pumps.
-Coolant water pumps.
-Condensate pumps are necessary
to handle the low-pressure water
leaving the condenser, therefore
this service often requires vertical
canned pumps, suitable for use in
low or zero NPSH applications.
-Cooling water pumps circulate
large volumes of water, from cooling
towers and other sources, such as
lakes or rivers, to the condenser.
They generally require high flow
rates, but little load.
-Blades.
-Sewer system.
-Bearings.
-Water entrance.
-Out of the water.
-Engine.
-Axis.