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Le sentiment de compétence, modérateur du lien entre le QI et le ...

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32 M. LECLERC ET AL<br />

The purpose of the present study was to establish wh<strong>et</strong>her stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ self comp<strong>et</strong>ence<br />

beliefs and IQ interact when they need to perform at school and if so, wh<strong>et</strong>her this<br />

interaction is mo<strong>de</strong>rated by age and/or sex. The mean gra<strong>de</strong> in mathematics, self‐<br />

comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs in mathematics, IQ, age, sex and socioeconomic status of 928<br />

French Canadian stu<strong>de</strong>nts from Montreal high schools were analyzed. As predicted,<br />

the stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ IQ and self‐comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs in mathematics correlated in a positive<br />

and significant way with their average gra<strong>de</strong> in mathematics. Analyses also con‐<br />

firmed a significant correlation b<strong>et</strong>ween the IQ and stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ self‐comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs.<br />

When broken down, this interaction shows that for stu<strong>de</strong>nts with high self‐<br />

comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs, the predictive value of IQ is higher, but for stu<strong>de</strong>nts with low self‐<br />

comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs, the relationship b<strong>et</strong>ween IQ and performance does not change<br />

significantly. Finally, age and sex do not influence the interaction b<strong>et</strong>ween the IQ and<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ self‐comp<strong>et</strong>ence beliefs, nor are they correlated with aca<strong>de</strong>mic performance.<br />

Clinical implications are discussed.<br />

Key words: aca<strong>de</strong>mic achievement in mathematics, IQ, stu<strong>de</strong>nt’s self‐comp<strong>et</strong>ence<br />

beliefs, mo<strong>de</strong>rator, age, sex<br />

______________________<br />

Dans <strong>le</strong>s sociétés in<strong>du</strong>strialisées, <strong>le</strong> succès professionnel est associé au<br />

bien‐être, au bonheur, à la satisfaction ainsi qu’à une meil<strong>le</strong>ure santé<br />

physique <strong>et</strong> menta<strong>le</strong> (Borooah, 2006; Davidson, Kitzingerb, & Hunt,<br />

2006). L’un <strong>de</strong>s meil<strong>le</strong>urs prédicteurs <strong>du</strong> succès professionnel est la réus‐<br />

site scolaire antérieure <strong>de</strong> l’indivi<strong>du</strong>. Par exemp<strong>le</strong>, la méta‐analyse <strong>de</strong><br />

Strenze (2007), qui regroupe 25 étu<strong>de</strong>s, montre que la réussite scolaire est<br />

positivement <strong>et</strong> significativement corrélée avec <strong>le</strong> revenu, l’emploi <strong>et</strong> <strong>le</strong><br />

niveau <strong>de</strong> scolarité. Des auteurs soutiennent qu’il existe d’ail<strong>le</strong>urs peu <strong>de</strong><br />

différences <strong>entre</strong> <strong>le</strong>s habi<strong>le</strong>tés nécessaires à la réussite <strong>de</strong>s élèves à l’éco<strong>le</strong><br />

<strong>et</strong> cel<strong>le</strong>s requises par <strong>le</strong> marché <strong>du</strong> travail (Kuncel, Hez<strong>le</strong>tt, & Ones,<br />

2004). <strong>Le</strong> parcours scolaire confronte l’élève à divers défis qui lui perm<strong>et</strong>‐<br />

tent d’acquérir un <strong>sentiment</strong> <strong>de</strong> va<strong>le</strong>ur personnel<strong>le</strong>, <strong>de</strong> développer ses<br />

capacités intel<strong>le</strong>ctuel<strong>le</strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> résolution <strong>de</strong> problèmes, en plus <strong>de</strong> lui<br />

perm<strong>et</strong>tre d’intégrer <strong>de</strong>s qualités personnel<strong>le</strong>s qui sont recherchées par<br />

<strong>le</strong>s employeurs (Shieman, 2002). La réussite socioéconomique prend<br />

donc racine dans <strong>le</strong> cheminement scolaire <strong>et</strong>, par ricoch<strong>et</strong>, el<strong>le</strong> contribue<br />

à la qualité <strong>de</strong> vie <strong>de</strong>s indivi<strong>du</strong>s.

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