1 organuli meurneoba da turizmi – saqarTvelos magaliTi dRevandel ...
1 organuli meurneoba da turizmi – saqarTvelos magaliTi dRevandel ...
1 organuli meurneoba da turizmi – saqarTvelos magaliTi dRevandel ...
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<strong>organuli</strong> <strong>meurneoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmi</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>magaliTi</strong><br />
lela xartiSvili<br />
<strong>dRevandel</strong> industriul garemoSi qalaqis aCqarebuli ritmi warmoSobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis bunebriv<br />
moTxovnas <strong>–</strong> survils, rom periodulad <strong>da</strong>isvenos mSvid <strong>da</strong> wynar garemoSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c aris<br />
sufTa haeri, warmtaci peizaJebi <strong>da</strong> guliTadi maspinZlebi. soflad <strong>da</strong>svenebis interesi <strong>da</strong><br />
moTxovna izrdeba, Cndeba <strong>turizmi</strong>s axali formebic <strong>–</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>, agro<strong>turizmi</strong>,<br />
eko<strong>turizmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> sxva mravali. turistuli SeTavazebebis axali formebi pirveld Camoyalib<strong>da</strong><br />
did industriul qveynebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c qalaqis macxovreblebs aRar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T mWidro naTesauri<br />
kavSirebi soflad, magram hqon<strong>da</strong>T soflad <strong>da</strong>svenebis didi survili. isini irCevdnen<br />
mimzidvel soflebs qalaqgareT, qiraobdnen sazafxulo saxlebs <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, ixdidnen<br />
qirisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis safasurs. maspinZeli ojaxebisaTvis es <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavlis wyaro<br />
gax<strong>da</strong>. amJamad soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>svenebis praqtika sxva qveynebSic, maT Soris<br />
saqarTveloSic, ikidebs fexs.<br />
mimzidveloba, sufTa bunebrivi garemo, guliTadi maspinZeli, adgilobrivi produqti - es<br />
aris is ZiriTadi komponentebi, rac soflad turistul moTxovnas qmnis. <strong>organuli</strong><br />
meurneobebi, sufTa <strong>da</strong> jansaRi produqciiT ki is <strong>da</strong>matebiTi komponentia, rac turistul<br />
SeTavazebas ufro mimzidvelsa <strong>da</strong> Rirebuls xdis. am SemTxvevaSi adgilobriv fermers <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavad turists gaazrebuli aqvT bunebis mimarT pasuxismgebloba. <strong>organuli</strong> <strong>meurneoba</strong><br />
ganapirobebs garemos sisufTaves, rogorc fermaSi, aseve mis gareT, is fermers saSualebas<br />
aZlevs Tavisi saqmianobiT <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavlebi <strong>da</strong> alternatiuli saqmianobebi wamoiwyos.<br />
mravalferovani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani meurneobebi ki soflad Semosavlebs zrdis.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT turistuli produqtis kompleqsurobas, turistuli saqmianoba<br />
soflad mxolod individualuri fermiT/meurneobiT ar Semoifargleba, xSir SemTxvevaSi,<br />
turistis momsaxurebaSi mTeli Temi aris CarTuli. Sesabamisad, agroturistuli <strong>meurneoba</strong><br />
zrdis mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>saqmebis dones <strong>da</strong> qmnis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavlis miRebis wyaros<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebasa <strong>da</strong> Semosavals qmnis soflis mosaxleobisaTvis.<br />
agro-, eko- <strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s cnebebis mkacri gansazRvreba ar arsebobs, martivad rom<br />
vTqvaT isini warmoadgenen mdgradi <strong>turizmi</strong>s Semadgenel nawilebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
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garemosgacviTi saqmianobebi, bunebis konservacia, mdgradi soflis <strong>meurneoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> soflis<br />
ekonomika.<br />
agro<strong>turizmi</strong> <strong>–</strong> es aris <strong>da</strong>svenebis forma fermerul <strong>meurneoba</strong>Si, sa<strong>da</strong>c arsebobs Ramis<br />
gaTevis SesaZlebloba, adgilze warmoebuli produqciiT kveba (minimum 40% produqtisa un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos adgilze, ojaxSi warmoebuli) <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebelia rekreaciuli aqtovobebis<br />
organizeba, rogoric aris qveiTi <strong>da</strong> sacxenosno laSqrobebi, kulturuli <strong>da</strong> saTavga<strong>da</strong>savlo<br />
mogzaurobebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. aseTi saxis <strong>turizmi</strong>s ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa fermis teritoriebze<br />
SenarCunebuli iyos meurneobis tradiciuli teqnologiebi, romlebic aranakleb sainteresoa<br />
turistisaTvis.<br />
eko<strong>turizmi</strong> <strong>–</strong> bunebis moyvarulTa <strong>turizmi</strong>s saxeobaa, romlis drosac turisti minimalur<br />
zemoqmedebas axdens garemoze, mogzaurobs sufTa garemoSi, bunebrivi rezervaciebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
nakrZalebis mosanaxuleblad. eko<strong>turizmi</strong> iTxovs minimalur sacxovrebel komforts, jansaRi<br />
produqciiT kvebas <strong>da</strong> sufTa garemos, risi SeTavazebac biomeurneebs SeuZliaT.<br />
evropis qveynebSi Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> <strong>organuli</strong> meurneobebis mqone fermerTa gaerTianebebi <strong>da</strong><br />
asociaciebi turistuli saqmianobisa <strong>da</strong> mdgradi meurneobis xelSewyobis mizniT. amis kargi<br />
<strong>magaliTi</strong>a ECEAT-is qseli, sa<strong>da</strong>c 1995 wels gawevrian<strong>da</strong> evropis 15 qveyni<strong>da</strong>n 750 fermeri,<br />
xolo 1999 wels 22 qveyanis fermerebma umaspinZles 100 000<strong>–</strong>ze met vizitors. aseve<br />
EuroGite <strong>–</strong> fermeruli <strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s evropis federacia, sa<strong>da</strong>c amJamad 26 qveynis<br />
saojaxo sastumroebisa <strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s asociaciebia gaerTianebuli. asociaciebis<br />
wevrebis saerTo raodenoba 400 000 ojaxia. saqarTveloSi EuroGite-s wevria asociacia<br />
“elkana” <strong>–</strong> Cveni wevrebi<strong>da</strong>n 40 ojaxi CarTulia soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s qselSi. aRsaniSnavia aseve<br />
1987 wels, safrangeTis “maspinZeli ojaxebis kavSiris” bazaze, Camoyalibebuli qseli -<br />
“glexTa maspinZloba”, sa<strong>da</strong>c gaerTianebulia 500-ze meti ojaxi 20 qveyni<strong>da</strong>n, maT Soris 10<br />
ojaxi saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n (agroturistuli qseli <strong>–</strong> qalTa iniciativis jgufi).<br />
biologiur <strong>meurneoba</strong>Ta asociacia “elkanam” soflis mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri<br />
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa <strong>da</strong> mdgradi meurneobis xelSewyobis mizniT, 2006 wels,<br />
Sveicariis ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis saagentos mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT, <strong>da</strong>iwyo soflis<br />
<strong>turizmi</strong>s ganviTarebis proeqtis ganxorcieleba. proeqti iTvaliswinebs soflad turistuli<br />
saqmianobebisa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi tradiciuli produqtis popularizaciis xelSewyobiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavlebis Seqmnas adgilobrivi macxovrebelTaTvis. amJamad 50 ojaxi<br />
(<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> Svidi regioni<strong>da</strong>n), romelTac aqvT sastumro saxli soflad an patara qalaqSi,<br />
saintereso glexuri <strong>meurneoba</strong> <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebloba stumrebs gaacnon qarTuli tradiciebi <strong>da</strong><br />
kultura, gaerTianebulia `elkanas~ soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s qselSi. maspinZel ojaxebs<br />
stumarTaTvis <strong>da</strong>Tmobili aqvT 2-7 saZinebeli oTaxi elementaruli pirobebiT,<br />
agroturistul meurneobebSi SemorCenilia tradiciuli produqtis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> Senaxvis<br />
uZvelesi tradiciebi <strong>da</strong> teqnologiebi. maspinZeli ojaxebi, Ramis gaTevis gar<strong>da</strong>, stumrebs<br />
sTavazoben adgilobrivi produqtiT <strong>da</strong>mzadebul kerZebs, aseve turistul marSrutebs <strong>–</strong><br />
gasirneba axlomdebare bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> kulturul istoriuli Zeglebis mosanaxuleblad,<br />
Tevzaoba, cxenebis <strong>da</strong>qiraveba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT soflad <strong>turizmi</strong>s ganviTareba amcirebs umuSevrobas <strong>da</strong> zrdis<br />
adgilobrivi produqtis gasaRebis SesaZleblobas. dRes, rodesac soflad cxovrebis<br />
pirobebi <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi mosaxleobis finansuri Semosavlebi mcirea, produqtis gasaRebis<br />
bazrebis mopoveba <strong>da</strong> produqtis pirveladi Rirebulebis gazr<strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />
Semosavals qmnis. <strong>magaliTi</strong>saTvis moviyvanoT soflis tradiciuli produqtis warmoeba, misi<br />
sakvebad ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong> stumris gamaspinZleba.<br />
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<strong>da</strong>matebiTi Rirebulebis wamoqmna SesaZlebelia aseve sxva momsaxurebiTac, rogoric aris<br />
Ramis gaTevis SeTavazeba, transportiTa <strong>da</strong> kvebiT momsaxureba, suvenirebis warmoeba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
es yvelaferi qmnis turistuli produqtis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Rirebulebis jaWvs, rac zrdis<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis pir<strong>da</strong>pir Semosavals. <strong>da</strong>msvenebels mewarme adgilze sTavazobs<br />
produqts, anu myidveli Tavad midis produqtTan (aq igulisxmeba rogorc turistuli<br />
servisi aseve tradiciuli produqti), rac, Tavis mxriv, “uxilavi eqsportis” saxea <strong>da</strong><br />
sarealizacio jaWvs amcirebs.<br />
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“elkanam” <strong>da</strong>iwyo saojaxo saxlebisa <strong>da</strong> turistuli produqtis popularizacia adgilobriv<br />
<strong>da</strong> saerTaSorso turistul bazrebze. 2008 wels 22 ojaxma miiRo 500-ze meti turisti <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi saerTo Semosavali Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 27 500 lars. es ar aris cudi maCvenebeli Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT qveyanaSi SarSandeli wlis agvistos movlenebis gamo ucxouri Tu<br />
adgilobrivi turistuli nakadebis Semcirebas.<br />
Tumca, aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom aseTi saxis programebis warmatebuloba ar fasdeba mxolod<br />
turistebis nakadis gazrdiT, aq mniSvnelovania fermerebis codnis amaRleba <strong>organuli</strong><br />
meurneobebis <strong>da</strong>rgSi, rac TavisTavad ganapirobebs regionebSi <strong>organuli</strong> produqciis zr<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
mdgradi meurneobis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> garemos <strong>da</strong>cvas. turistebis vizitebis Semdeg <strong>organuli</strong><br />
produqciis <strong>da</strong> meurneobis mniSvneloba umjobesdeba, Tavad maspinZeli ucxoelis TvaliT<br />
ufro ukeT xe<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>organuli</strong> meurneobis upiratesobas, metad afasebs im Zvel tradiciebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> yofas, rac miviwyebas eZleva <strong>da</strong> rasac SenarCuneba sWirdeba.<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rti soflis saojaxo sastumro saxlebisaTvis<br />
mdgradi <strong>turizmi</strong>s ganviTareba soflad moiTxovs stan<strong>da</strong>rtis SemuSavebas im mewarme<br />
subieqtebisaTvis vinc CarTulia turistul saqmianobaSi. tradiciul turizmSi stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d efuZneba komforts <strong>da</strong> karg infrastruqturas: misasvleli gza, Senoba,<br />
satelefono kavSiri <strong>da</strong> a.S, sanaxaobebTan siaxlove <strong>da</strong> sxv., xolo eko- <strong>da</strong> agroturizmSi<br />
garemos SenarCuneba, garemosadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba is ZiriTadi kriteriumia, riTac fasdeba<br />
saojaxo sastumro saxli soflad <strong>da</strong> patara qalaqSi.<br />
sastumro saxlebis momsaxurebis stabiluri xarisxisa <strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad “elkanam” SeimuSava <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nerga stan<strong>da</strong>rti (mewarme subieqtis<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rti <strong>–</strong> “ojaxuri sastumro saxlebi soflad <strong>da</strong> patara qalaqebSi, ZiriTadi<br />
debulebebi”, mst <strong>–</strong> 20545291-002-2008). “elkanas” stan<strong>da</strong>rti emyareba evropis fermeruli<br />
<strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s federaciis <strong>–</strong> “evroJites” ZiriTad moTxovnebs <strong>da</strong>, amave dros,<br />
sruliad Seesabameba stan<strong>da</strong>rtizaciisa <strong>da</strong> sertifikaciis sferoSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
kanonmdeblobas. saqarTveloSi didi sastumroebisaTvisac ki ar arsebobs stan<strong>da</strong>rti (Tu ar<br />
CavTvliT cnobili sastumroebis Seratonis, redisonis, meriotis <strong>da</strong> a.S. Si<strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rts),<br />
magram Cven mainc saWirod CavTvaleT soflis saxlebisaTvis minimaluri moTxovnebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT Si<strong>da</strong> korporatiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtis <strong>da</strong>nergva “elkanas” wevri ojaxebisaTvis <strong>da</strong><br />
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yvela msurveli saojaxo sastumroebisaTvis, romlebic mdebareobs soflad an patara qalaqSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s momsaxurebis ZiriTad principebs akmayofilebs. standrti gulisxmobs<br />
sastumro saxlebis <strong>da</strong>jgufebas 4 kategoriad, romelTagan momsaxurebis minimalur moTxovnas<br />
Seesabameba kategoria “stan<strong>da</strong>rti”, xolo momsaxurebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT maRali xarisxis sastumro<br />
saxlebi Sefasdeba simboluri niSniT “mze” (“1 mze”, “2 mze”, “3 mze”), simboloebis niSani<br />
momsaxurebis xarisxis matebasTan erTad izrdeba.<br />
<strong>organuli</strong> meurneobebis CarTva soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s saojaxo sastumroebis qselSi xels<br />
Seuwyobs saojaxo sastumro saxlebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n bunebisa <strong>da</strong> garemos mimarT pasuxismgeblobis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong>s. Tumca, Cven sinamdvileSi aris rigi problemebi <strong>da</strong> sakiTxebi (nagvis gatanis<br />
sakiTxi, kanalizaciis sistema, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis efeqturi <strong>da</strong> mdgradi gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.), ramlis mogvarebas marto fermeri ver moereva _ saWiroa samTavrobo doneze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba <strong>da</strong> arasamTavrobo struaturebTan TanamSromlobiT problemis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra.<br />
soflis <strong>turizmi</strong>s ganviTarebis proeqtiT `elkanam~ win wamowia <strong>organuli</strong> meurneobebis<br />
roli turizmSi. praqtikuli magaliTebis warmoCeniTa <strong>da</strong> Cveni gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT migvaCnia, rom <strong>turizmi</strong>s mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis efeqturia Semdegi<br />
formula:<br />
oragnuli <strong>meurneoba</strong> + soflis <strong>turizmi</strong> = sufTa garemo, saRi produqti, kmayofili<br />
momxmarebeli, <strong>da</strong>saqmebis donis gazr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebiTi Semosavali fermers.<br />
soflis turizmSi CarTuli wevri meurneebisa <strong>da</strong> ojaxebis monacemebi ganTavsebulia<br />
katalogsa <strong>da</strong> vebgevrdze www.ruraltourism.ge<br />
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