qarTvelebi wminda miwaze vaxtang rCeuliSvili winaTqma
qarTvelebi wminda miwaze vaxtang rCeuliSvili winaTqma
qarTvelebi wminda miwaze vaxtang rCeuliSvili winaTqma
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<strong>winaTqma</strong><br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong><br />
<strong>vaxtang</strong> <strong>rCeuliSvili</strong><br />
“ra bednierebaa, iyo qristiani”,, - vifiqre <strong>wminda</strong> miwis mosalocad<br />
Casulma. RvTismSoblis saflavis taZris danaxvisas TiTqos mSrali burTi<br />
gameCxira yelSi, xmas ver viRebdi uCveulo aRelvebisagan. es grZnoba TiTqmis<br />
yvela momlocvels eufleba. - “ra bednierebaa, iyo qarTveli”, - vifiqre ukve<br />
jvris monasterSi Sesulma. qarTvelebs monasteri samyaros centrSi agvigia.<br />
rogorc CvenTvis, <strong>wminda</strong> gardamocemiTaa cnobili am adgilze amosul<br />
sinanulis xisagan damzadebul jvarze CvenTvis ewama macxovari, ieso qriste.<br />
am jvris gamosaxulebas atarebs dRes yvela qristiani. Aam monasterSi<br />
daasrula sicocxle genialurma SoTa rusTavelma. rac unda Salon misi<br />
freska, uflis wyalobiT, veRarc mis xsovnas da verc mis samSoblos<br />
veRarafers daakleben. Cven xom RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveynis Svilebi varT.<br />
xolo Tu amisi ar gvwams, maSin, saerTod, raRa gvinda <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>?!<br />
dRes, saqarTvelo eklesiuri aRmSeneblobis tempiT msoflios erT-erTi<br />
lideri qveyanaa. amis dasturia aseulobiT axladaSenebuli eklesia, maT Soris<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> samebis grandiozuli sakaTedro taZari. uprecedentoa Tanamedrove<br />
msoflios istoriaSi saukuneebis win gamahmadianebuli aWaris mosaxleobis<br />
masobrivi, nebayoflobiTi dabruneba dedaeklesiaSi. aRdga momlocvelobis<br />
mravalsaukunovani tradiciac: aTasobiT qarTvelma qristianma moiloca<br />
palestina, aTonis mTa, sxva <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebi. beTlemSi gaixsna <strong>wminda</strong> ninos<br />
qalTa qarTuli monasteri. bibliur qalaq lodSi, sadac <strong>wminda</strong> giorgia<br />
dakrZaluli, oficialurad gaixsna `qarTuli saxli”, romelic saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias gadaeca da sadac ukve qarTveli mRvdeli<br />
moRvaweobs. yovelive es keTdeba saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmindesisa da unetaresis, ilia meoris locva-kurTxeviTa da mrevlis<br />
SemowirulobiT.<br />
erT-erTi aseTi Semomwirvelis mamuka jinWaraZis xsovnas eZRvneba es<br />
naSromic. swored misi saxsrebiT SeviZineT beTlemSi is pirveli saxli<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, sadac dRes <strong>wminda</strong> ninos monasteri mdebareobs.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> miwis mosalocad Casuli yoveli piligrimi aucileblad midis am<br />
monasterSi da amiT pativs miagebs mis naTel xsovnasac. vinaidan aseTia<br />
qtitorTa gamorCeuli bedi, maT mier aSenebul eklesiaSi sanTeli maT<br />
mosaxseniebladac inTeba.<br />
es saxli saukuneebis manZilze <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis<br />
Sewiruli pirveli qonebaa. Mmisi SeZenis istoria imdenad sainteresoa, rom<br />
calke davurTe am wigns (ix. sarCevi).<br />
2003 wels, qarTvel momlocvelTa jgufma, mama ilias (nasiZe)<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT, ierusalimidan TbilisSi litaniobaze <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli<br />
CamovitaneT. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli<br />
gadmosvlisTanave sagangebo TviTmfrinaviT imave dRes, did SabaTs, CamobrZanda
saqarTveloSi. yovelwliurad amas mxolod berZnebi akeTeben sagangebo<br />
samxedro TviTmfrinaviT. maSin es pirvelad qarTvelebma da rusebmac vcadeT.<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqma im wels swored ierusalimidan Camotanili <strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxliT daloca eri saaRdgomod. Cveni es pirveli delegacia sul 27<br />
kacisagan Sedgeboda da erT patara TviTmfrinavSi moTavsda. 2006 wels ki oTxi<br />
didi boingiT Cavidnen qarTveli piligrimebi ierusalimSi aRdgomis<br />
dResaswaulze, magram yvela msurveli TviTmfrinavebma mainc ver daitia. wels<br />
kidev ufro meti qarTveli piligrimi miemgzavreba wmida <strong>miwaze</strong>. swored es aris<br />
saqarTvelos sulieri da materialuri aRorZinebis yvelaze utyuari<br />
maCvenebeli.<br />
me, romelmac uflis wyalobiT ramdenjerme moviloce <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebi,<br />
Tavs ufleba miveci, es samaxsovro wigni momemzadebina <strong>wminda</strong> miwis qarTvel<br />
momlocvelTaTvis. Tavis droze israelSi Cvens mcirericxovan momlocvelTa<br />
jgufs megzuroba gauwies<br />
qarTvelma monazonma deda evgeniam da dekanoz petre kenWoSvilis cnobilma<br />
wignma - `mogzauroba wm. qalaq ierusalimsa da wm. aTonis mTaze~. cxadia,<br />
aTasobiT adamians aseTi megzuri ver eyoleba, Tundac imis gamo, rom<br />
kenWoSvilis wigni ukve bibliografiuli iSviaTobaa, erTi saukunis winaa<br />
dawerili da sakmaod sqeltaniania. Tumca winamdebare naSroms,<br />
garkveulwilad, sainformacio - saganmanaTleblo funqcia aqvs, amitomMme<br />
uwinaresad im momentebze gavamaxvile yuradReba, rac adre ar vicodi da<br />
Tavadac damainteresa. rogorc axalbeda avtors, gTxovT, momitevoT da Zalian<br />
mkacrad nu ganmsjiT. miTumetes, rom Cemi namdvili mizani ara megzuroba,<br />
aramed saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis ierusalimis gadamwyveti rolisa da<br />
mniSvnelobis Sexsenebaa, raTa erTi mxriv, male davbrundeT <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>,<br />
xolo meore mxriv, ukeT gaverkveT, Tu vin varT Cven, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>, Tu romeli<br />
civilizaciis Svilebi varT. saqme is gaxlavT, rom msoflio istoria es<br />
civilizaciebis istoriaa. kacobrioba iyofa civilizaciebad. civilizaciebi<br />
yovelTvis epaeqrebian erTmaneTs, cdiloben ra Tavisi faseulobebisa da<br />
cxovrebis wesis upiratesobebis damtkicebas, zogjer ki sxvebisaTvis iZulebiT<br />
Tavs moxvevas. civilizaciis ganmsazRvreli faqtori ki uwinaresad religiaa.<br />
Damitom uwodeben dasavlur civilizacias xSirad ebraul-qristianuls, rusul<br />
civilizacias - marTlmadideblurs, afro-aziur civilizacias - muslimanurs,<br />
indur civilizacias - induisturs, Cinurs - konfucianurs, laTinuri amerikis<br />
religiur kuTvnilebaze Tavad saxelic migvaniSnebs, magaliTad, braziliis<br />
mosaxleobis 95 % kaTolike, anu laTini qristiania. yoveli xalxi Tavad<br />
gansazRvravs, Tu romeli civilizaciis Svilia da Semdgom am arCevanze<br />
pasuxismgeblobasac Tavad tvirTulobs. marTlmadideblur ruseTsa da<br />
muslimanur irans Soris arCevanis gakeTeba CvenTvis SedarebiT martivi iyo.<br />
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, erekle mefis gza im droisaTvis erTaderTi swori gza iyo,<br />
Tumca erekle maSinve eZebda pirdapir gzas evropisaken, magram UuSedegod. dRes<br />
arCevani ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris gvaqvs, rac bevrad ufro rTulia, imitom,<br />
rom religiurad, ruseTis msgavsad, marTlmadi-debluri qveyana varT. arCevani<br />
Tavad ruseTma gagvimartiva, samwuxarod, daadga ra aRa-mahmad-xanis, anu urCi<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s dasjis gzas. aseT pirobebSi marTlmadideblurma saberZneTma,<br />
kviprosma, bulgareTma, rumineTma da serbeTmac ki ukve gaakeTes Tavisi arCevani<br />
evropis sasargeblod, amasTan marTlmadideblobac SeinarCunes. amavdroulad,
dasavlur civilizaciaSi ebrauli elementic gamokveTilia, xolo ebraelebTan<br />
qarTvelebs saukuneebis manZilze gansakuTrebulad Tbili urTierToba<br />
Camogviyalibda. dResac israeli axlo aRmosavleTSi saqarTvelos strategiul<br />
partniorad moiazreba.A amitomac Cveni erisaTvis am metad mniSvnelovan<br />
gzajvaredinze winsvlis swori gza unda avirCioT. amisaTvis ki ierusalimze<br />
sulier orientacias, Cemi azriT, udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia.<br />
israelis STambeWdavi warmatebebi axali teqnologiebis danergvaSi gvarwmunebs,<br />
rom WeSmariti mecniereba da religia bunebrivi mokavSireebi arian qveynisa da<br />
eris ayvavebis saqmeSi. amitomac didia<br />
uwmindesis survili, danergos israelis mowinave gamocdileba Tundac<br />
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaSi. saerTod, gazardos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis roli qveynis socialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. rogorc yoveli<br />
misi wamowyeba, esec did sikeTes moutans saqarTvelos.<br />
amasTan erTad ierusalimi muslimanuri civilizaciis erT-erTi<br />
centricaa. dRes muslimanebis raodenoba msoflioSi miliard-naxevars, anu<br />
mosaxleobis 25 %-s aRwevs. Qqristianebis raodenobac daaxloebiT 1,5-2<br />
miliardi adamiania, anu 25-30%. Ee.i. msoflios mosaxleobis naxevarze<br />
metisaTvis ierusalimi sulieri centria. marTalia, ebraelebi raodenobrivad<br />
muslimanebis an qristianebis naxevar procentsac ki ar Seadgenen (sul 13 mln.<br />
adamiani), msoflioSi finansuri da politikuri gavleniT isini namdvilad<br />
aravis CamorCebian. dameTanxmebiT, rom Tanamedrove adamianma kargad unda<br />
icodes, ara marto Tavisi religiis, aramed sxva religiebis istoriac,<br />
miTumetes, rodesac isini mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben msoflioSi. Cven ki<br />
kargad qristianobis istoriac ki ar viciT, rom araferi vTqvaT islamze da<br />
iudaizmze. ierusalimSi mogzauroba dagvexmareba maT ukeT gagebaSi.cxadia,<br />
yvelaferi rodi mogewoneba kacs israelSi. amitomac minda, gavafrTxilo yvela<br />
axalbeda piligrimi, rom ierusalimSi sakmaod daZabuli mdgomareobaa. aq ar<br />
vgulisxmob marto ebraul-arabul konfliqts. Cemi azriT, <strong>wminda</strong> qalaqSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli simZafriT igrZnoba ara marto RmerTis, aramed eSmakis<br />
arsebobac. amis magaliTia Tundac mudmivi dapirispireba sxvadasxva qristianul<br />
konfesiebs Soris, Tundac ierusalimis marTlmadidebel da somxurmonofizitur<br />
eklesiebs Soris, rac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT, uflis<br />
saflavze, did SabaTs, <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlisas vlindeba. swored<br />
Aamitom daayenes osmalebma Tavis droze taZris mcvelebad muslimebi, raTa<br />
erTmaneTTan moqiSpe qristianebi daeSoSminebinaT. amitomac iRebs israelis<br />
policia am dRes usafrTxoebis gansakuTrebul zomebs da yvela piligrimic,<br />
Sesabamisad, unda gafrTxildes. am sakiTxze naSromSi dawvrilebiT<br />
mogiTxrobT. masala isea ganlagebuli, rom mkiTxvels SeuZlia misTvis<br />
sainterso Tema sarCevSi moiZios da pirdapir iqidan daiwyos kiTxva. wigns<br />
darTuli aqvs sagangebo damatebebi da fotogalerea mokle komentarebiT.<br />
madlobeli dagrCebiT, Tuki vinme damatebiT masalas an SeniSvnebs momawvdiT,<br />
Semdgom gamocemebSi gasaTvaliswineblad. Cvens gegmebs gaecnobiT damatebaSi,<br />
romelic saqvelmoqmedo fondis saqmianobaze mogiTxrobT. axla ki, yvelas<br />
gilocavT <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebis molocvas da uflis aRdgomis brwyinvale<br />
dResaswauls.<br />
qriste aRsdga!
1.saqarTvelo da Zveli aRTqmis samyaro<br />
a. biblia: Zveli da axali aRTqma<br />
saqarTvelo istoriulad evropuli ki ara, axlo aRmosavluri qveyanaa, im<br />
regionis ganapira mxarea, sadac pirveli uZvelesi civilizaciebi da udidesi<br />
msoflio religiebi Seiqmna. Tumca, zogadad, samxreT evropelebTan erTad Cvenc<br />
xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis didi civilizaciis Svilebi varT.<br />
ierusalimi am regionisa da mTeli msoflios umniSvnelovanesi<br />
religiuri centria da msoflio religiebidan mxolod budizms ar ukavSirdeba.<br />
qristianTaTvis ierusalimi, uwinaresad, uflis jvarcmisa da aRdgomis<br />
qalaqia. ebraelTaTvis igi istoriuli dedaqalaqi da solomonis taZris<br />
adgilia. muslimebi mas rigiT mesame <strong>wminda</strong> adgilad miiCneven meqasa da medinas<br />
Semdeg, saidanac, maTi rwmeniT, zecad amaRlda muhamedi. am religiebs Soris<br />
damokidebuleba rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivia. samive maTgani aRiarebs bibliis<br />
pirvel nawils – Zvel aRTqmas: samyarosa da adamianis Seqmnas erTi<br />
RmerTisagan, samoTxidan adamisa da evas gaZevebas, pirvelqmnili codvis gamo,<br />
warRvnas, noes kidobanisa da babilonis godolis arsebobas, noes<br />
STamomavlobidan mravalricxovani xalxebis warmoSobas, moses aT mcnebas,<br />
abraamis, isaakisa da iakobis patriarqobas da a.S., magram am religiebs Soris<br />
gansxvaveba, maTi swavlebidan gamomdinare, arsebiTia. CvenTvis,<br />
qristianebisTvis, axali aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> wignebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs. isini safuZvelTa safuZvelia eklesiis wiaRSi daunjebuli im ucvalebeli<br />
rjulisa da moZRvrebisa, romelsac axali aRTqmis rjuli ewodeba.<br />
`biblia~ berZnulad wignebs niSnavs. es sityva Zveli finikiuri qalaqis –<br />
biblosis saxelwodebidan momdinareobs, sadac mzaddeboda masala<br />
wignebisaTvis. aq Seiqmna Tanamedrove tipis pirveli anbani, romelsac finikiuri<br />
ewoda da romelic, Tavis mxriv, berZnuls daedo safuZvlad. sityva `aRTqma~ ki,<br />
bibliuri gagebiT, xelSekrulebas, kavSirs niSnavs da ara mxolod dapirebas,<br />
aramed RmerTsa da adamians Soris dadebul SeTanxmebasac gulisxmobs,<br />
romelzec pasuxismgeblobas orive mxare kisrulobs. diplomatiur<br />
xelSekrulebaTa teqstebis arseboba uZvelesi droidan iRebs saTaves.<br />
magaliTad, xeTur arqivebSi aRmoCenili diplomatiuri xelSekrulebebi<br />
dadebulia xeTebsa da maTi mfarvelobis qveS Semosul xalxebs Soris, sadac,<br />
pirvelad istoriaSi, dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili mxareTa<br />
urTierTvaldebulebebi. Zveli aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> wignebSi aRwerilia, Tu rogor<br />
sjida ufali Tavis rCeul ers, israels, aRTqmis darRvevis, kerpTmsaxurebisa<br />
da RvTis mcnebebis SeusruleblobisaTvis. Zveli aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> wignebi,<br />
romlebic ebraul enazea dawerili, uflis rCeuli erisTvis iyo gankuTvnili,<br />
romelsac RmerTma rjuli ganuwesa mose winaswarmetyvelis meSveobiT. axali<br />
aRTqmis epoqaSi RvTis rCeuli eri aris ara erTi romelime erovnebis xalxi,<br />
aramed qristes <strong>wminda</strong> eklesiis wevrebi, miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri
warmomavlobisa, romlebic uflis aRTqmis memkvidreni naTlobis saidumlo<br />
madliT xdebian. amdenad, aRTqma, dadebuli RmerTsa da adamianebs Soris,<br />
bibliis umTavresi Temaa.<br />
saRmrTo istoriidan cnobilia, rom warRvnis Semdeg RmerTma aRTqma<br />
misca noes, mis Svilebsa da mis STamomavlobas, rom aRar iqneboda warRvna<br />
qveyanaze, da am aRTqmis niSnad Seqmna ci-<br />
sartyela (dab. 9,11-13). ufalma aRTqma daudo abraamsac, rodesac dahpirda, rom<br />
miscemda mis STamomavlobas mTel miwas egviptis sazRvridan mdinare<br />
evfratamde (dab. 15,16). am aRTqmis dadasturebis niSnad ufalma Tavisi rCeuli<br />
eris yvela mamakacs winadacveTa daudgina. Zveli aRTqma, romelic ufalma<br />
israels daudo, Seicavda rogorc aT mcnebas, - aseve RvTis sxva<br />
dadgenilebebsa da kanonebs, rac mose winaswarmetyvels ganecxada sinas mTaze.<br />
rogorc <strong>wminda</strong> werilSia nauwyebi, RvTis kacma-mosem, msxverplad Sewirul<br />
zvarakTa sisxli asxura sams-<br />
xverplosa da xalxs, uwoda ra mas `aRTqmis sisxli~, `aha, sisxli aRTqmisa,<br />
romeli aRTqma-yo RmerTma Tqvenda momarT yovelTa maT sityuaTaTÂis~ (gam.<br />
24,8). Zveli aRTqmis wignebi (sul 50) dawerilia qristes Sobamde daaxloebiT<br />
1600 wlidan 430-420 wlebamde, Tumca Tavad abraamis Semosvlas qanaanSi, riTac<br />
ebraeli xalxis istoria iwyeba, mecnierebi aTariReben 2000 wliT, qristes<br />
Sobamde.<br />
rac Seexeba bibliis meore nawils - `axal aRTqmas~, is mogviTxrobs<br />
macxovris gankacebis, misi amqveyniuri moRvaweobis, jvarcmis, aRdgomisa da<br />
zecad amaRlebis, axali aRTqmis eklesiis dafuZnebis, mociqulTa moRvaweobisa<br />
da qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. axali aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> wignebSi naTlad<br />
aris miniSnebuli, rom ieso qriste adamis modgmis mxsnelia, romlis Sesaxebac<br />
ufalma adamianebs Zvel aRTqmis epoqaSi auwya winaswarmetyvelTa piriT.<br />
rogorc pavle mociquli wers: `RmerTma rogorc iwinaswarmetyvela yvela<br />
Tavisi winaswarmetyvelis piriT qristes vneba, ise aRasrula~ (saqme, 3,18).<br />
axali aRTqma Seicavs 27 wigns: oTxTavs (oTx kanonikur saxarebas),<br />
mociqulTa saqmeebs, Svid kaTolike (sayovelTao) epistoles, pavle mociqulis<br />
14 epistolesa da gamocxadebas (apokalifsi). axali aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> wignebi<br />
daiwera a. w.-is pirveli saukunis meore naxevarsa da meore saukunis dasawyisSi.<br />
termini `axali aRTqma~ momdinareobs Tavad ieso qristesgan, romelmac<br />
ierusalimSi, sionis qorSi gamarTul saidumlo serobaze gamoiyena es termini,<br />
rodesac, rogorc maTe maxarebeli gvauwyebs: `moiRo puri da hmadlobda da<br />
gantexa da misca mowafeTa TÂisTa da hrqua maT: miiReT da WameT, ese ars Ãorci<br />
Cemi. da moiRo sasumeli da hmadlobda da misca maT da Tqua: suT amisgan<br />
yovelTa, ese aris sisxli Cemi axlisa aRTqmisaÁ, mravalTaTÂis daTxeuli<br />
misatevebelad codvaTa~ (mT. 26, 26-28). jer kidev Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi Cans,<br />
rom ufali aRTqmas udebs mTel kacobriobas, rodesac `abraamis Sesaxeb<br />
ambobs: `iyos naTesavad didad da mravlad da ikurTxeodian misa mimarT<br />
yovelni naTesavni queyanisani~ (dab. 18,18) - am sityvebiT ufali hpirdeba abraams,<br />
rom misi meSveobiT kurTxeuli iqneba yvela xalxi, rac axal aRTqmaSi<br />
aRsrulda, radgan qristianuli eklesia, Zveli aRTqmis eklesiisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, qveynierebis kidiT-kidemde ganivrco da WeSmariti naTlisRebis<br />
madliT, Tavis macxovnebel wiaRSi Semoikriba yvela erovnebis adamiani.<br />
rogorc <strong>wminda</strong> pavle mociquli ambobs: `ara ars warmarT da huria,
winadacueTileba da winadaucueTeleba, barbaros, skÂiTel, moneba, aznaureba,<br />
aramed yovlad yovelsa Sina qriste~ (kol. 3, 11). Ees aris adamianebisadmi<br />
miniWebuli uflis uzenaesi Tavisufleba.<br />
Zveli da axali rjulis urTierTmimarTebasTan dakavSirebiT <strong>wminda</strong><br />
ioane RvTismetyveli wers, rom `sjuli mosesgan moeca, xolo madli da<br />
WeSmaritebaÁ qriste iesoÁs mier iqmna~.<br />
axali aRTqmis <strong>wminda</strong> eklesia sayovelTaoa. igi dafuZnebulia Cveni macxovris –<br />
ieso qristes mier, romelmac sakuTari Tavi msxverplad Seswira codvis<br />
tyveobisagan kacobriobis gamoxsnas.<br />
b. damokidebuleba qristianebsa da muslimebs Soris<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, biblias muslimebic aRiareben nawilobriv. Tavad<br />
muhamedis TqmiT, is arc mTlianad unda uaryo da arc mTlianad daijero.<br />
yuranSi noes uwodeben nuhs, abraams – ibrahims, loTs – luts, isaaks – ishaks,<br />
ismails – izmails, iosebs – iusufs, moses – musas, aarons – haruns, daviT<br />
mefesa da winaswarmetyvels – davuds, mefe solomons – suleimans. ieso<br />
qristes isini `isa ibn mariams~ (e.i. ieso mariamis Svils) uwodeben da masac<br />
winaswarmetyvelad miiCneven, magram ara RmerTad da RvTis Zed. maTi rwmeniT,<br />
RmerTs saerTod ar SeiZleba hyavdes Ze. qristes Rvawli islamSi<br />
erTRmerTianobis (monoTeizmis qadagebiT) amoiwureba. yuranSi masve miewereba<br />
qadageba israelianTa Soris, momavalSi erTaderTi WeSmariti mociqulis,<br />
ahmedis, anu muhamedis mosvlis Sesaxeb (61,6). Amuslimebs mtkiced swamT, rom<br />
bibliuri mesia swored muhamedia, xolo uflis rCeuli xalxi arabebi da,<br />
zogadad, muslimebi arian. muslimuri tradiciis mixedviT, abraams uflisaTvis<br />
ara isaaki, aramed ufrosi Svili, ismaili, unda Seewira. yurban-bairami,<br />
muslimTa udidesi dResaswauli, ismailis gadarCenas ukavSirdeba, radgan maTi<br />
rwmeniT, ufalma ixsna ismaili rogorc msxverplad Sewirvisas, aseve<br />
dedamisTan, agarTan, erTad udabnoSi sikvdilisagan. gadmocemiT maT udabnoSi<br />
beduinebi Sexvdnen da swored im adgilze aages mogvianebiT qalaqi meqa.<br />
muslimuri tradicia mogviTxrobs aseve muhamedis ierusalimSi (Soreul<br />
meCeTSi) mogzaurobaze, sadac muhamedma iloca abraamTan, mosesTan da ieso<br />
qristesTan erTad. yovelive es migviTiTebs islamis bibliur fesvebze. Tumca<br />
qristianebisagan gansxvavebiT, muslimebs biblia Taviseburad esmiT.<br />
ARvTismSobel mariams isini SecdomiT moses dasTan, mariamTan, aigiveben. amis<br />
miuxedavad, isini biblias “<strong>wminda</strong> werils” uwodeben da swavloben mas, xolo<br />
ebraelebsa da qristianebs “<strong>wminda</strong> werilis” xalxebad moixsenieben da sxva<br />
religiebis warmomadgenlebTan SedarebiT garkveul privilegiebsac ki<br />
aniWeben, Tumca, politikuri mosazrebebiT, “<strong>wminda</strong> werilis” xalxebsac xSirad<br />
umowyalod devnidnen. saqarTvelos istoriidan Cven gvaxsovs musliman<br />
dampyrobelTa mier qristianTa devnis faqtebi: 100 000 qarTveli<br />
marTlmadideblis sikvdiliT dasja jalal-ed-inis mier, aRdgomis Rames 6000<br />
garejeli beris amowyveta Sah-abasis mier, an Tundac TbilisSi<br />
jvarTamaRlebis dResaswaulze sasuliero pirebis daxocva aRa-mahmad-xanis<br />
mier. magram muslimebi xSirad aseTive sisastikiT devnidnen sxva muslimebsac
magaliTad, Siiti sparselebi daRestnis dapyrobisas sunit daRestnelebs<br />
urwmunoebs uwodebdnen da umowyalod Jletdnen,<br />
iseve, rogorc laTini raindebi - marTlmadidebel bizantielebs. magram,<br />
amavdroulad, qristianebsa da muslimebs mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis,<br />
Semwynareblobisa da TanamSromlobis SesaSuri SemTxvevebic gvqonia. es<br />
ierusalimis magaliTzec kargad Cans. 1229 wels, Ggermaniis imperatorma<br />
fridrix meorem, romelmac mokle xniT ierusalimi daibruna muslimebisagan,<br />
sulTan qamalTan miaRwia SeTanxmebas, rom muslimebi da qristianebi erTad<br />
daeuflebodnen omaris meCeTs (meCeTi `gumbaTi kldeze~). Aam SeTanxmebiT,<br />
meCeTSi qristianTa da muslimTa Zmobis simboluri Zeglic ki aRimarTa.<br />
daZmobileba xanmokle aRmoCnda. is mxolod droebiTi aliansi iyo monRolTa<br />
sawinaaRmdegod. 1250 wels jvarosnebi<br />
sabolood gandevnes ierusalimidan. USuRli da dapirispireba qristianebsa da<br />
muslimebs Soris ufro metad jvarosnuli laSqrobebis Semdeg damkvidrda.<br />
Mmanamde aziaSi da axlo aRmosavleTSi isini mSvidobianad Tanaarsebobdnen.<br />
mTel aziaSi gavrcelebuli iyo qristianuli moZRvrebis eretikuli<br />
mimarTuleba - nestorianoba. Aaq milionze meti qristiani cxovrobda da<br />
ramdenime aTeuli eparqia arsebobda, romelTac nestorianelTa kaTalikosi<br />
marTavda. monRolTa erT-erTi yaenic nestorianeli qristiani iyo. gadmocemiT,<br />
muhameds swored nestorianelma berma uwinaswarmetyvela `didi momavali~.<br />
jvarosnuli laSqrobebis Semdeg daiw-yo marTlmadidebelebis sayovelTao<br />
Seviwroeba da devna, aseve devnas daeqvemdebarnen sxvadasxva eretikuli<br />
mimdinareobani: nestorianelebi, monifizitebi, iakobitebi. arsebobs mosazreba,<br />
rom monRolTa laSqroba palestinaSi nestorianelTa waqezebiT gan-<br />
xorcielda da mas “yviTel“ jvarosnul laSqrobasac uwodeben. monRolebi,<br />
iseve rogorc evropeli jvarosnebi, <strong>wminda</strong> miwidan, egviptelma mamluqebma<br />
gaaZeves. sabolood am laSqrobebma aziasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi muslimebi<br />
gaabatona.<br />
unda gvaxsovdes isic, rom swored muslimma mmarTvelebma mianiWes<br />
qarTvelebs didi privilegiebi ierusalimSi. kaTolike mogzauris – ioane<br />
kotoviCis cnobiT, (1598w.) `kairos sulTanis sagangebo nebarTvisa da TurqeTis<br />
imperatoris damowmebuli privilegiis wyalobiT, yovel weliwads, rodesac,<br />
aRmosavleTis sxva qristianTa msgavsad, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> ierusalimSi qristes<br />
saflavis Tayvanissacemad midian, isini, qristianTa Soris erTaderTni,<br />
mravalricxovani SemadgenlobiT, meomrebiviT jarad modian, samxedro almebiT<br />
Sedian qalaqSi baJis gareSe da <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebs afrialebuli bairaRebiT<br />
naxuloben...~<br />
rac Seexeba ierusalimis meCeTebs, muslimTa rwmeniT, am <strong>wminda</strong> adgilze<br />
aRvlenil locvas sxva adgilebze Sesrulebul locvasTan SedarebiT 25 000 -<br />
jer meti Zala aqvs. swored imitom, rom muslimebs swamdaT meqis, medinasa da<br />
ierusalimis gansakuTrebuli siwmindis da sjerodaT, rom iq aRvlenili locva<br />
pirdapir ufalTan midis, isini sikvdiliT dasjis muqaris qveS ukrZalavdnen<br />
aramuslimebs aq arsebul meCeTebSi Sesvlas. maT eSinodaT, rom aramuslimi am<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> adgilebze maT ganadgurebas sTxovda ufals!<br />
yuranSi moxseniebulia muhamedis “Ramis mogzauroba”, rodesac ufalma<br />
myisierad gadaiyvana is `xelSeuxebeli meCeTidan~ `Soreul meCeTSi~. muslimuri<br />
tradiciiT, es Soreuli meCeTi ierusalimia, sadac jibraelma
(mTavarangelozma gabrielma) muhamedi jadosnuri cxeniT, buraqiT, pirdapir<br />
meqidan gadaiyvana. amitomac daarqves morias mTaze solomonis taZris adgilze<br />
agebul meCeTs (al-masjid al-aqsa) `Soreuli meCeTi~.<br />
muslimTa rwmeniT, al-aqsas kompleqsSi Sedis `iesos akvnis miwisqveSa<br />
meCeTi~ - “megd-isa”. Aaq qvaSi gamokveTili didi embazis msgavsi nakeTobaa,<br />
romelSic muslimuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, yrma ieso iwva. Ees akvani mihrabad<br />
gamoiyeneba, anu locvisas yiblas - meqis mimarTulebas aCvenebs muslimebs. imave<br />
meCeTSia mariam RvTismSoblis `mihrabi~ da mRvdelmTavar zaqarias - ioane<br />
naTlismcemlis mamis, `mihrabi~. Qqristes akvnis Tavze uamravi lampari anTia,<br />
rogorc es qristianul taZrebSia miRebuli.<br />
A ”al-aqsas” aSenebamde aq, RvTismSoblis taZrad miyvanebis sa-<br />
xelobis eklesia idga. muslimebi udidesi pativiscemiT inaxaven uflisa da<br />
mariam RvTismSobelis saxelTan dakavSirebul siwmindeebs. meCeTSi, iq sadac<br />
qristianuli sakurTxeveli iyo, ori niSaa daculi. erTSi macxovris erTi fexis<br />
nakvalevia (is eleonis, anu zeTis xilis mTidan CamoutaniaT, sadac meore fexis<br />
nakvalevia darCenili), xolo meore, niSaSi, RvTismSoblis orive fexis<br />
anabeWdia daculi.<br />
muslimTaTvis sarwmuno gadmocemiT, mTavarangeloz jibraels “al-aqsas”<br />
meCeTis axlos mdebare kldidan aumaRlebia cad muhamedi. cidan muhameds<br />
mariam RvTismSoblis Sobis adgilze aRmarTuli sinaTlis sveti uxilavs. Aim<br />
adgilze, saidanac muhamedi cad amaRlda da sadac, gadmocemiT, herodes taZari<br />
idga, xalifa abdel-maliq ibn mervanma 687-691 wlebSi aago axali, grandiozuli<br />
rvakuTxedis formis, meCeTi, romelsac `gumbaTi kldeze~ (arabulad “qubaT assaxra”)<br />
hqvia, da xSirad omaris meCeTsac uwodeben, Tumca misi aSenebis dros<br />
xalifa omari cocxali aRar iyo. omaris mier ierusalimis dapyrobis Semdeg,<br />
638 wels, aSenebuli meCeTi 3000 kacs itevda, Mmis adgilze aSenebuli axali<br />
meCeTi ki ramdenejerme mets. Aaxali meCeTi imdenad grandiozuli da lamazi<br />
iyo, rom ierusalimis dapyrobisas jvarosnebs is solomonis bibliur taZrad<br />
miuCneviaT. omeiadebis dinastias, romelsac abdel-meliqi ekuTvnoda, saxalifos<br />
dedaqalaqi medinidan damaskoSi, xolo sulieri centri - meqidan ierusalimSi<br />
gadmoutaniaT. maTi mmarTvelobis dros yibla, anu locvis mimarTuleba,<br />
droebiT meqidan ierusalimisaken Seicvala. anu muslimebs isev saxiT<br />
ierusalimisaken mibrunebulebs unda elocaT, rogorc es Tavdapirvelad Tavad<br />
muhamedma brZana. Mmagram, radganac, yuranis mixedviT, muhamedma ierusalims<br />
sabolood meqa amjobina (vinaidan ebraelebma is ar scnes meSiaxad, anu mesiad),<br />
muslimebis mTavar salocavad, sabolood mainc meqa damkvidrda. Tumca<br />
ierusalimi, meqasa da medinas Semdeg, muslimTa mTavar sasuliero centrad<br />
darCa.<br />
omaris meCeTSi, kldesTan axlos, daculia adgili, sadac RvTismSobelma<br />
qristes Sobis meormoce dRes taZarSi ganwmendis msxverpli miitana. gumbaTis<br />
rotondaze oqros asoebiT weria ieso qristesadmi miZRvnili yuranis sura:<br />
“ieso, mariamis Svili, RvTis mociquli, misi sityva, RmerTma ganakaca is<br />
mariamSi, is misi amosunTqvaa”.<br />
M meore mxriv, mihrabebs, anu specialur muslimur niSebs, romlebic<br />
yiblas - meqisadmi mimarTulebas uCveneben morwmuneebs, dResac SexvdebiT<br />
ierusalimis qristianul eklesiebSic, magaliTad, RvTismSoblis miZinebis<br />
taZarSi.
ac Seexeba arabTa warmomavlobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom <strong>wminda</strong> miwis<br />
saxelwodeba palestina bibliaSi naxsenebi xalxis, arasemituri<br />
(indoevropuli) warmomavlobis filistimelebidan modis, Tavad arabebs<br />
TavianT pirdapir winaprad Zveli aRTqmis patriarqi - abraami (muslimTaTvis<br />
ibrahimi) miaCniaT, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, misi pirveli Svilis, ismailis,<br />
xaziT. ismaili (arabulad izmaili) saras mxevlis agaris, Svili iyo da amitomac<br />
ismailis STamomaval arabebs agarianelebs uwodebdnen (samxreTeli, e.w. iemeneli<br />
arabebi STamomavlobas abraamis meore colis, qeTurasagan iTvlian da Sesabamisad, maT<br />
qarTaxebi ewodebaT). imdroindeli kanoniT colisa da mxevlisagan gaCenili Svilebi<br />
absoluturad Tanasworebi iyvnen, miTumetes, rom agarma abraamisagan Svili<br />
Tavad saras moTxovniT gaaCina, saerTod uSvilod rom ar darCeniliyvnen.<br />
aseTive wesiT iyo gaCenili iakobis, romelic aseve israelad iwodeboda,<br />
ramdenime Svilic, misi colebis - liasa da raqelis mxevlebisagan, Mmagram<br />
isini ebraelTa Tormeti tomis iseTive mamamTavrebad gvevlinebian, rogorc<br />
Tavad kanonieri colebis - liasa da rahilis Svilebi. maTgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
Msaram isaakis gaCenis Semdeg mxevlisagan gaCenili pirveli Svilis, ismailis,<br />
saxlidan gaZeveba moiTxova. Sewuxebuli abraami ufalma anugeSa da ismailis<br />
mfarvelobas dahpirda. deda-Svils udabnoSi angelozi mouvlina<br />
(mTavarangelozi gabrieli, arabulad jibraeli) da daRupvisagan ixsna, Tan<br />
aRuTqva, rom ismailisagan mravalricxovani xalxebi da maTi mefeebi<br />
gaCndebodnen. arabuli gadmocemiT, abraami Cavida ismailTan meqaSi da iq,<br />
qaabas salocavTan, masTan erTad iqadaga. sakuTriv bibliaSi meqaSi locvis<br />
Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami, magram naxsenebia, rom abraami orive Svilma, ismailma<br />
– arabTa mamamTavarma da isaakma – Zveli aRTqmis patriarqma, erTad daitira da<br />
daasaflava. yovelive amas imitom vixsenebT, rom warmoCndes, ramdenad didia<br />
TiToeuli maTganisaTvis ierusalimisa da <strong>wminda</strong> miwis mniSvneloba. es istoria<br />
sxva mxrivadac sainteresoa. swored mezobeli da yvelaze axlo naTesavi<br />
xalxebi eqiSpebian xSirad erTmaneTs yvelaze metad.<br />
g. damokidebuleba qristianebsa da ebraelebs Soris<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, muslimebi nawilobriv cnoben Zvel aRTqmas. isini<br />
qristesac aRiareben, magram ara rogorc RvTis Zesa da macxovars, aramed<br />
rogorc winaswarmetyvels. maT aseve miaCniaT, rom igi iqneba msajuli<br />
gankiTxvis dRes. Zvel aRTqmaSi nawinaswarmetyveleb mesiad isini muhameds<br />
miiCneven. Mmagram ebraelebi, Zveli aRTqmis rCeuli eri, mesiad arc qristes da,<br />
miTumetes, arc<br />
araebrael muhameds cnoben. isini dResac elodebian mxsnels. amasTan,<br />
zogierTi maTgani miiCnevs, rom mesia ukve mosulia,Mmagram vinaidan mesiam, maTi<br />
warmodgeniT, pirvel rigSi, solomonis taZari unda aRadginos, anu mis<br />
adgilze aSenebuli meCeTi unda daangrios, muslimebi, cxadia, didi SeSfoTebiT<br />
xvdebian aseT gancxadebebs. A<br />
ebraelebis didma nawilma uaryo qriste, sinedrionma ki aiZula romaeli<br />
prokuratori - pilate, sikvdiliT daesaja igi. devna qristes mociqulebzec<br />
gavrcelda, rasac `mociqulTa saqmeebic~ adasturebs. iakobs, mociqul ioanes
Zmas, Tavi mokveTes. uflis xorcieli Zma, romelsac aseve iakobi erqva da<br />
ierusalimis pirveli episkoposi iyo, taZris saxuravidan gadmoagdes. qvebiT<br />
Caqoles stefane pirveldiakoni. Mmociqulebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, gaclodnen<br />
ierusalims. sulTmofenobis Semdgom ki isini msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi<br />
qadagebdnen qristes moZRvrebas. Aase gavrcelda qristianoba imdroindel<br />
samyaroSi, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, sadac mociqulebma - andria<br />
pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma, mataTam da barTlomem iqadages uflis<br />
sityva. A<br />
qristianTa devna mogvianebiTac gagrZelda. meSvide saukuneSic ki,<br />
rodesac ierusalimi bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, sparselebma ierusalimi<br />
daipyres, ebraelebi ki maT miemxrnen. sapasuxod, bizantielebi, mas Semdeg,<br />
rac ierusalimi daibrunes, ebraelebs devnidnen da aiZulebdnen qristianoba<br />
mieRoT, iseve,<br />
rogorc adrec sCadiodnen amas.<br />
istoriaSi uamravi magaliTia cnobili ebraelTa devnisa, iseve, rogorc<br />
bevri sxva xalxebisa, magram arc erTi maTganis istoria ase sayovelTaod<br />
cnobili ar gamxdara msofliosTvis. <strong>wminda</strong> werili mogviTxrobs im uamravi<br />
tkivilisa da tanjvis Sesaxeb, rac Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi uflis rCeulma erma<br />
ganicada. rac Seexeba uaxles istorias, sayovelTaod cnobilia faSistebis mier<br />
ebraelTa genocidi - holokosti. amis miuxedavad, devnilebma ara marto Tavi<br />
gadairCines, aramed msoflioSi absoluturad unikaluri adgili daikaves.<br />
EmaSin, rodesac bevri maTze ufro mravalricxovani xalxi saerTod<br />
gadaSenda, ebraelebi dRes, Tavisi mcirericxovnobis miuxedavad (as Cinelze<br />
dRes msoflioSi sul erTi ebraeli modis), erT-erTi yvelaze ufro<br />
gavleniani eria msoflioSi. Ffinansebi, masmedia, mecniereba, kultura - ai,<br />
arasruli CamonaTvali im sferoebisa, sadac maT msoflio lideris pozicia<br />
uWiravT. ebraelebi erTgulad emsaxurebian ara marto israelis, aramed im<br />
qveynebis ayvavebasac, sadac cxovroben.<br />
holandia me-16 saukuneSi msoflios umsxvilesi savaWro imperia gaxda ara<br />
marto pirveli burJuaziuli revoluciis Sedegad, aramed espaneTidan da<br />
evropis sxva qveynebidan devnili ebraelebis Sefarebis gamo, (ebraelTa nawili<br />
muslimurma saxelmwifoebmac Seifares )espaneTma, ki ebraelTa gandevnis<br />
Semdeg, msoflio imperiis statusi TandaTanobiT dakarga.<br />
ebraelebi, iseve, rogorc somxebi da Cinelebi, im erebs miekuTvnebian, romlebic<br />
diasporebs qmnian. saukuneebis manZilze ebraelebsa da somxebs Tavisi saxelmwifo ar<br />
hqoniaT da swored diasporebma itvirTes erovnuli enis, kulturisa da rwmenis<br />
SenarCuneba, rac, Cveulebriv SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos movaleobaa. rogorc<br />
wesi, isini saukune-<br />
ebis manZilze ar ereodnen im qveynebis mosaxleobas, sadac cxovrobdnen,<br />
qorwindebodnen mxolod erTmaneTze, inarCunebdnen rwmenas, enasa da<br />
tradiciebs. eweodnen vaWrobas, xelosnobas, qmnidnen pirvelad kapitals da<br />
kapitalis saukeTeso dabandebad Svilebis ganaTleba miaCndaT. amitomac<br />
gaunaTlebeli ojaxebis Svilebic ki meore TaobaSi eqimebi, afTiaqarebi,<br />
advokatebi, mecnierebi, anu inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi xdebodnen. maTi am<br />
Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, tailandis erT-erTma mefem, Cinelebs<br />
aRmosavleTis ebraelebi Searqva, somxebs ki xSirad kavkasiis ebraelebs<br />
uwodeben.
diasporebs, rogorc wesi, ar qmnian is erebi, visac Tavisi saxelmwifo<br />
aqvT. amitom aris susti <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s, rusebis, sxva qristiani erebis<br />
saTvistomoebi ucxoeTSi. gamonaklisia, albaT, saberZneTi, romelsac<br />
SedarebiT struqturirebuli diaspora gaaCnia aSS-Si, magram es mainc im<br />
periodis gamoZaxilia, rodesac saberZneTi maTTvis saZulvel TurqeTis<br />
imperiaSi Sedioda. amitom nu ganvicdiT, rom qarTvelebs susti saTvistomoebi<br />
gvyavs ucxoeTSi. uflis wyalobiT, Cven ar Segviwyvetia saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
arseboba ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Sesvlamde. ruseTSi yofnisas ki diasporis<br />
Seqmnam azri dakarga, imitom, rom daisporas eTnikuri an religiuri umciresoba<br />
qmnis, xolo TurqeTsa da ruseTSi umciresoba religiuri niSniT<br />
ganisazRvreboda. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> ruseTSi - marTlmadideblebi, xolo TurqeTSi -<br />
muslimebi iyvnen, anu umravlesobas miekuTvnebodnen. somxebi da ebraelebi ki<br />
umciresobas warmoadgendnen, iseve, rogorc berZnebi - TurqeTSi. Aamitomac<br />
aris, rom TurqeTis imperiaSi, romelSic ierusalimic Sedioda, somxebs,<br />
ebraelebs, laTinebsa da berZnebs, rogorc religiur umciresobebs, kanoni<br />
icavda da maT eklesiebsa da samlocveloebs, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
oficialuri statusi hqondaT imperiaSi. igive grZeldeba israelSic, romelic<br />
Zveli Turquli kanonmdeblobiT sargeblobs da Tavisi kanoni religiis Sesaxeb<br />
arc ki miuRia.<br />
rac Seexeba qarTul - ebraul urTierTobebs, is marTlac unikaluria. mas<br />
mravali faqtori ganapirobebs. keTilmezoblobis tradicia jer kidev VI<br />
saukunidan iRebs saTaves, rodesac saqarTveloSi CamoabrZanes elia<br />
winaswarmetyvelis xaleni, ramac saSualeba misca qarTvelebs, Semecnebodnen<br />
mose winaswarmetyvelis rjuls da SeecnoT erTi WeSmariti RmerTi. es xaleni<br />
ebraelTa baginSi inaxeboda. udidesi mniSvnelobisaa is faqti, rom macxovris<br />
uwmindesi kvarTi, romelic <strong>wminda</strong> eklesiis erTianobis, ganuyo-<br />
flobis simboloa, swored mcxeTelma ebraelebma CamoabrZanes saqarTveloSi.<br />
sabolood kvarTi <strong>wminda</strong> sidoniasTan erTad daifla miwaSi. garda amisa,<br />
saqarTvelos gaqristianeba qristes mociqulebs - andria pirvelwodebuls,<br />
svimon kanonels, mataTas, barTlomes ukavaSirdeba, romlebic eTnikuri niSniT<br />
ebraelebi iyvnen. da bolos, tolerantoba, romelic, iSviaTi gamonaklisis<br />
garda, saqarTveloSi yovelTvis saxelmwifo politikis rangSi iyo ayvanili.<br />
qarTul - ebrauli urTierTobebi istoriulad unikaluria, ramac erTerT<br />
cnobil qarTvel ebraels, rafael eligulaSvils, aTqmevina:<br />
`saqarTveloSi Cven bevri megobari gvyavs, magram ebraeli xalxis yvelaze didi<br />
megobari aris saqarTvelos istoria~. es moxda mas Semdeg, rac qarTvelma<br />
emigrantebma parizSi nacistebis sakoncentracio banakebidan bevri ebraeli<br />
ixsnes, misces ra maT oficialuri sabuTebi, rom isini mxolod rwmeniT iyvnen<br />
ebraelebi, xolo erovnebiT <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>, qaldevelTa STamomavlebi.<br />
dRes msoflioSi aqtiuri dialogi daiwyo ebraelebsa da qristianebs<br />
Soris. vatikani da israeli emzadeba <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebis uprecedento<br />
gacvlisaTvis. israeli vatikans gadascems ierusalimis sionis qors, sadac<br />
saidumlo seroba gaimarTa, sadac xSirad ikribebodnen macxovari da misi<br />
mowafeebi. swored aq, am saxlSi, aziara qristem mociqulebi. xolo misi zecad<br />
amaRlebis Semdgom amave saxlSi iyvnen Sekrebilni mociqulebi, romlebzec<br />
suli wmindis madli gardamovida. jvarosnebma iq eklesia gaxsnes, muslimebma -
meCeTi, xolo ebraelebma - religiuri skola. sanacvlod israeli vatikanisagan<br />
miiRebs toledos cnobil sinagogas.<br />
2002 wels, israelSi istoriuli vizitisas, romis papma ioane-pavle<br />
meorem, godebis kedelSi vatikanis oficialur blankze dawerili Tavisi<br />
werilic Cado, romelic dRes ierusalimis muzeumSi inaxeba. Ppapi locavda<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> miwas da patiebas iTxovda ebraelebis mravalsaukunovani devnisaTvis.<br />
es romis papis pirveli viziti iyo <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>, vinaidan vatikani israels<br />
adre ar scnobda.<br />
G rac Seexeba godebis kedels, mogexsenebaT, rom es ebraelTaTvis <strong>wminda</strong><br />
adgilia. Ggodebis kadelTan ara marto loculoben, aramed mis qvebs Soris<br />
arsebul napralebSi werilebs deben sxvadasxva TxovniT. Aase iqcevian ara<br />
marto ebraelebi, aramed uamravi araebraeli turistic, maT Soris qristianebic.<br />
cnobil adamianebs Soris, visi werilic kedelSi Caido, amerikis prezidenti<br />
buSi-umcrosic aris. iTvleba, rom qristianTaTvis es dasaSvebia, vinaidan<br />
godebis kedeli herodes taZris dasavleTis kedelis nawilia, im taZrisa,<br />
sadac saeklesio gadmocemiT, mariam RvTismSobeli cxovrobda da izrdeboda.<br />
Aaqve xom RvTismSoblis taZrad miyvanebis eklesia iyo agebuli.<br />
ebraelTa godeba taZris nangrevebTan adreve dawyebula, maSin, rodesac<br />
romaelebs taZari daungreviaT da miwasTan gausworebiaT. Sua saukuneebSi<br />
ucnauri wesi SemouRiaT - ebraelebi Soreul qveynebSi gamgzavrebisas,<br />
dangrevas gadarCenili taZris kedlis dasavleT nawilSi, lursmans asvamdnen,<br />
xolo dabrunebisas, isev aZrobdnen mas. iTvleboda, rom es adamians<br />
mogzaurobisas icavda. zogierTi ki kedelze kveTda Tavis Txovnas uflisadmi.<br />
rabinebs aukrZalavT aseTi vandaluri meTodi da SeuTavazebiaT<br />
mlocvelTaTvis weri-lebis Cadeba kedlis napralebSi rac aqamdec xdeba.<br />
Tu Tqvenc gagiCndaT survili, godebis kedelSi werilis Cadebis,<br />
girCevT, kurTxeva Tqveni moZRvrisagan aiRoT. piradad me aseTi werili<br />
Cadebuli maqvs godebis kedelSi.<br />
sabednierod, Cven, qarTvelebma, ebraelebTan dialogi 26 saukunis win<br />
daviwyeT, rodesac pirveli ebraelebi dasaxldnen saqarTveloSi. Dqristianobis<br />
istoriaSi unikaluri magaliTia evstaTe mcxeTelis arCevani, romelic, RvTis<br />
SewevniT, qristes rjulze moeqca.<br />
d. noes kidobani da saqarTvelo<br />
istoriulad saqarTvelo, rogorc urartusa da SuamdinareTis sxva didi<br />
civilizaciebis erT-erTi memkvidre qveyana, ganuyofeli nawili iyo Zveli<br />
bibliuri samyarosi. sakmarisia gavixsenoT, rom sityva eri (erin) Sumerulad<br />
xalxs-ers niSnavs, sityva me-Cems, enim-enas da a.S. xolo bibliaSi naxseneb<br />
ararats urartusTan akavSireben (4 mef. 19,37). maSasadame is adgili, romelsac<br />
warRvnis Semdeg noes kidobani miadga, qarTvelTa tomebis istoriuli<br />
samSobloa. am faqts adasturebs wm. epifanes cnobac: `roca warR<br />
vnis Semdeg noes kidobani gaCerda araratis mTebze, somexTa da qarTvelTa<br />
qveynebs Sua, lubarad wodebul mTaze, gaCnda pirveli adamianTa sacxovrebeli<br />
da iq gaaSena winaswarmetyvelma noem venaxi da Seiqmna iqauri binadari~.
arqanjelo lamberti yuradRebas amaxvilebs Semdeg sityvebze: `somexTa da<br />
qarTvelTa qveynis Sua~ da ambobs: `am qveyanas dResac qarTli hqvia, misi<br />
mkvidrni ki Tavis Tavs uwodeben qarTvelebad. es kuTxe aris saqarTveloserTi<br />
nawili~ (arqanjelo lamberti. samegrelos aRwera. Tb.,1938, gv. 9).<br />
giorgi kedrenes cnobiT, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> noes mesame Svilis, iafetis,<br />
STamomavlebi arian. igi wers: ` noem Tavis mesame vaJs, iafets, romelic 425<br />
wlisa iyo, misca CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis qveynebi midiidan-britaneTis<br />
kunZulebamde, armenia, iberia, ponto, kolxeTi da maT iqeTYmdebare qveynebi da<br />
kunZulebi vidre italiamde da galebamde, ispaniamde, keltiberiamde da<br />
listaniamde~ (georgika, t. V).<br />
saqarTvelo rom vazis samSobloa, amaSi eWvi dRes TiTqmis aRaravis epareba.<br />
saintereso cnobebi moepoveba italiel misioners, arqanjelo lambertis,<br />
romelic oci wlis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda saqarTveloSi. 1654 wels neapolSi<br />
gamocemul Tavis wignSi igi exeba qarTvelTa warmomavlobis sakiTxs da wers:<br />
`iqaurebs dRemde marto saxeli ki ara, Cveulebanic Tavis pirvandel winaprisa<br />
SerCeniaT..., marTlac, miwis damuSavebas, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise kolxidaSi<br />
imdenad etanebian, rom yvelas keTilSobilur saqmed miaCnia Tavis yanaSi<br />
muSaoba. yovelgan venaxebs aSeneben da cdiloben bevri Rvino moiyvanon,<br />
romelic Zlier uyvarT...~ bibliuri Txrobis mixedviT, noem pirvelad igema mis<br />
mier dawuruli Rvino, daTvra da gaSiSvlda. misma SuaTana Svilma, qamma,<br />
dascina mamas, rodesac misi siSiSvle ixila, Semdeg ki amis Sesaxeb Zmebs uambo.<br />
semi da iafeti zurgSeqceviT miuaxlovdnen mamas da samosi gadaafares ise, rom<br />
misi siSiSvle ar uxilavT. gamofxizlebulma noem qamis STamomavloba dawyevla<br />
da semisa da iafetis modgmis monoba uwinaswarmetyvela.<br />
e. qarTvelTa bibliuri warmomavloba<br />
xalxTa warmoSobis bibliuri genealogiebi, romlebic noes SvilTa<br />
STamomavlobasa da maTgan warmoSobil xalxebs asaxeleben (dab. 10.1-24); 1 neSt.<br />
1.5-27), dResac mecnierTa Soris udidesi ndobiT sargeblobs. uaxlesi<br />
arqeologiuri kvlevebiT mecnierulad dasturdeba bibliuri cnobebis<br />
utyuaroba. sxva saqmea, rom bibliuri genealogiebi mxolod im xalxebs aRweren,<br />
romlebic Zveli aRTqmis epoqaSi arsebobdnen da gviandeli xalxebis maTgan<br />
momdinareoba mecnierulad naklebad dasabuTebulia, Tumca aseTi mcdelobebi<br />
dResac ki gvxvdeba. Tavad <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>c, uSualod am saxeliT moxseniebulni,<br />
genealogiebSi ar arian iseve, rogorc somxebi da regionis bevri sxva mkvidrni,<br />
magram bibliaSi moixsenieba urartu. qarTveluri tomebi mesxebi da<br />
Tubarelebi, genealogiebSi ixseniebian moSeqisa da Tubalis saxiT, xolo<br />
bibliuri noes SviliSvili da iafetis Svili, Targamosi, qarTvelTa da<br />
somexTa saerTo winaprad aris miCneuli.<br />
bibliis mixedviT, noes mier dawyevlili qamis STamomavlebi, anu qamitebi,<br />
arian qanaanelebi, egviptelebi, eTiopielebi da sxva afrikelebi. ufrosi<br />
Svilis-semisDSTamomavlebi arian semitebi: ebraelebi, sirielebi, arabebi,<br />
aqadelebi, qaldevelebi da sxvebi. umcrosi Svilis- iafetis STamomavlebad ki<br />
evropelebi, maT Soris <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>c iTvlebian. Tumca, zogierTi mkvlevris
azriT, Cven ufro semitebs mivekuTnebiT, vinaidan semsac hyavda SviliSvili<br />
meSexi, romlisganac SesaZloa momdinareobdes erT-erTi qarTveluri tomis,<br />
mesxebis, saxelwodeba. zogierTi mkvlevari qarTvelebs, kerZod, kolxebs,<br />
saerTod, Zvel egviptelTa, anu qamitelTa, STamomavlebadac ki miiCnevs.<br />
istoriis mamis- herodotes (Zv. w. V s.) cnobiT, faraon sesostrisis laSqarma<br />
Savi zRvis am ukidures aRmosavleT wertilamdec moaRwia, daipyro es miwebi da<br />
Tavisi jaric datova aq, saidanac kolxebi warmoiSvnen. ase rom, es cnobebi<br />
kolxebis winaprebad Savkanian, xuWuWa egviptelebs asaxelebs.<br />
qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.), romlis mier mocemul<br />
kavkasiel xalxTa genealogiis udides istoriul mniSvnelobas praqtikulad<br />
yvela kavkasieli mkvlevari iziarebs,<br />
kavkasiel xalxTa saerTo winaprad iafetis SviliSvils, Targamoss, asaxelebs,<br />
romelsac rva Svili: haosi, qarTlosi, movakosi, egrosi, lekosi, kavkasosi da<br />
a.S. hyolia, romelTa Soris mas Tavisi samflobelo (savaraudod, urartu)<br />
gaunawilebia. Targamosis Svilebisagan warmoiSvnen somxebi, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>,<br />
albanelebi da kavkasiis sxva xalxebi. haosi urartueli RmerTis, qaldis,<br />
saxelTan SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli da rigi kavkasieli mkvlevarebis azriT,<br />
mxolod somxebs ki ara, Tavad urartuelebsac unda gulisxmobdes. swored<br />
amitom, haosi ufros Svilad aris moxseniebuli genealogiaSi; xolo vainaxebi,<br />
iseve, rogorc <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>, urartus memkvidre uZveles tomebad iTvlebian.<br />
egrosis samflobeloSi, anu egrisSi ki mTeli kolxida igulisxmeboda.<br />
Tavis mxriv, qarTvelTa mamamTavris, anu eTnarqis (winapari, romlis<br />
saxeli ers mieniWa)- qarTlosis Svilebs erqvaT: mcxeTosi, gardabosi, kaxosi,<br />
kuxosi da gaCinosi, romelTa saxelebi dRevandlamde nacnobia yvela<br />
qarTvelisaTvis Sesabamisi regionebiTa da qalaqebiT.<br />
rac Seexeba abraamis STamomavlobas isaakis xaziT, anu ebraelebs, maTi<br />
saxelwodeba- israeli, abraamis SviliSvilisagan, iakobisagan modis, romelsac<br />
ufalma israeli uwoda (gam. 35.10). israelis saxelmwifo, romelic Tormeti<br />
tomis gaerTianebas warmoadgenda, sakmaod gaZlierda daviTisa da solomonis<br />
mefobisas. am saxelmwifoSi, aRniSnul Tormet tomTagan, gansakuTrebiT iudas<br />
tomi iyo gaZlierebuli. solomonis Zis, robuamis, mefobisas israelis<br />
saxelmwifo or – Crdilo da samxreT samefoebad daiyo. Crdilo samefos darCa<br />
saxelwodeba israeli (radgan masSi israelis samefos tomTa umravlesoba<br />
moeqca), xolo samxreT samefos iudas tomis gavleniT iudeis samefo ewoda.<br />
iakobis STamomavloba egvipteSi gadasaxlebisas sul 70 suls Seadgenda. maTgan<br />
warmoiSva yvela ebrauli tomi, romelTa warmomadgenlebma, moses dros 70 -<br />
kaciani uxucesTa sabWo Seqmnes. israelis Tormeti tomis msgavsad, macxovarma<br />
12 upiratesi mociquli gamoarCia, romlebic yvelaze daaxloebulni iyvnen<br />
masTan. 12 mociqulTan erTad axal aRTqmaSi ixsenieba uflis 70 mowafe. Zvelsa<br />
da axal aRTqmaSi xSirad fiqsirdeba erTi da igive ricxvi sxvadasxva<br />
movlenasTan dakavSirebiT, rac maT bunebriv kavSirze miuTiTebs. Zveli da<br />
axali aRTqma erTi mTliani wignis – bibliis ori Semadgeneli nawilia.<br />
SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Tavad macxovaric da misi mowafeebic xSirad<br />
imowmeben sityvebs Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan. rogorc cnobilia, VI saukuneSi<br />
qarTlSi asureli mamebi – wm. ioane zedazneli da misi Tormeti mowafe<br />
movidnen marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad da samonastro cxovrebis
dasafuZneblad. maTi raodenobac, ra Tqma unda, garkveul simbolur kavSirs<br />
gulisxmobs macxovarTan da mis mowafeebTan.<br />
v. ierusalimis daarseba<br />
saqarTvelo, iseve rogorc israeli, uZvelesi civilizaciebis keris,<br />
axlo aRmosavleTis samyaros, nawilia da istoriulad am qveynebs bevri ram<br />
akavSirebs erTmaneTTan. SuamdinareTis civilizaciaTa akvani- babiloni,<br />
asureTisa da Semdeg sparseTis, aseve egviptis imperiebi did rols TamaSobdnen<br />
orive eris istoriaSi. rodesac patriarqi abraami, Tavisi saxleuliTa da<br />
avladidebiT, Zv. w.-is II aTaswleulis dasawyisSi SuamdinareTidan qanaanSi<br />
movida, iq centraluri xelisufleba ar arsebobda. erT-erT brZolaSi<br />
gamarjvebis Semdeg, melqisedekma, maRali RmerTis mRvdelma, romelic<br />
maradiuli mRvdelmTavris- macxovris winasaxea da salimis mefed iwodeba,<br />
uflis saxeliT akurTxa abraami. abraamma ki mas Tavisi nadavlis meaTedi<br />
Seswira (dab. 14.18-20). meaTedis Sewirva aRuTqva ufals iakobmac (dab. 28.21), rac<br />
mogvianebiT moses rjuliTac dakanonda.<br />
ierusalimi iudevelTa, qristianTa da muslimTa <strong>wminda</strong> qalaqia. saxeli<br />
`salimi~ momdinareobs ebrauli `Salemi~-sagan, rac `mSvidobas~ niSnavs. aqedanaa<br />
warmomdgari sityva `salami~. arabuli saxeli `al-kudsi~-<strong>wminda</strong>s niSnavs.<br />
amitomac ierusalims yvela `<strong>wminda</strong> qalaqs~ uwodebs.<br />
iebusevelni (qanaanelTa erT-erTi tomi), romlebic ierusalimis istoriul<br />
teritorias daviTis mier dapyrobamde flobdnen, qalaqs sakuTar saxels - `iebus~-s<br />
uwodebdnen (yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zv. w.-is XIX-XVIII saukuneebSi, anu abraamis epoqaSi.<br />
egviptur wyaroebSi moixsenieba qanaanuri qalaqi ruSalimu, mogvianebiT ki -urusalimi,<br />
rac aseve dasturdeba gviandeli asuruli wyaroebiTac). swored iebusevelebma aages<br />
saTvalTvalo koSki qalaqis Crdilo-eTiT mdebare sionis mTaze. sainteresoa, rom<br />
qarTveli mematianis - leonti mrovelis cnobiT, aleqsandre makedonelis laSqars<br />
mcxeTaSi swored ierusalimidan gandevnili iebusevelebis STamomavlebi daxvdnen. es<br />
cnobac, garkveulwilad, asaxavs saqarTvelos istoriul kavSirs bibliur xalxebTan<br />
mefe daviTmac qalaqs Tavisi saxeli `ir-daviTi~ uwoda da sionis mTaze Tavisi<br />
koSki aago. qalaqis am ubans sioni erqva da xSirad mTel qalaqsac sions<br />
uwodebdnen. swored daviTma aqcia ierusalimi israelis dedaqalaqad, xolo,<br />
rodesac solomonis sikvdilis Semdeg israeli iudead da israelad gaiyo,<br />
ierusalimi iudeis dedaqalaqad darCa.<br />
paralelebi israelsa da saqarTvelos Soris bevri SeiZleba gaivlos.<br />
daviTisa da solomonis dros, israelma gareSe mtrebis sisustiT isargebla da<br />
Zlieri saxelmwifo Seqmna. man daimorCila mezobeli qveynebi da qalaqebi, maT<br />
Soris, qalaqi damasko. im epoqaSi israeli regionalur zesaxelmwifod iqca,<br />
romelic Semdeg or samefod gaiyo. daviT winaswarmetyvelma udidesi mefis<br />
saxeli daimkvidra istoriaSi. mas araerTi winaswarmetyveleba aqvs macxovris<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelo axlo aRmosavleTSi uZlieres saxelmwifod iqca<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblisa (1089-1125) da Tamar mefis (1178-1213) dros. orive mefe<br />
<strong>wminda</strong>nis SaravandediT Seimosa. daviT aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~
Tavisi Rrma sulierebis wyaros bibliuri mefisa da winaswarmetyvelis<br />
`fsalmunebsa~ da andria kritelis `did kanonSi~ poulobs.<br />
`wm. grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi” uaRresad sagulisxmo cnoba moipoveba imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rom bagrationTa samefo dinastia saTaves iRebs daviT<br />
winaswarmetyvelisagan. amasve adasturebs daviT aRmaSeneblis mematianec. mefeTa<br />
genealogias xom gansakuTrebuli politikuri mniSvneloba hqonda (grigol<br />
xanZTeli xom gaerTianebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos ideologiis Semqmneli<br />
gaxldaT: “yovelive is saqarTveloa, sadac wirva-locva qarTulad aRevlineba”).<br />
Tavad konstantine porfirogeneti (X s.), bizantiis imperatori, mis mier 952<br />
wels daweril TxzulebaSi “imperiis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” wers: `...iberebi<br />
amboben, rom isini daviTis- winaswarmetyvelisa da mefis naTesavebi arian da<br />
aqedan- yovladwmida RvTismSoblisac... isini, rogorc TviTon amboben,<br />
ierusalimidan STamomavloben da, radgan didi rwmena aqvT- maTi da Cveni<br />
uflis, ieso qristes saflavisa, isini gansazRvrul xanebSi uxvad ugzavnian<br />
fuls wm. qalaqis patriarqs da iqaur qristianebs~.<br />
bagrationebis ebraul warmomavlobaze, rogorc qarTuli, aseve somxuri<br />
wyaroebic miuTiTeben. amitomac iwerebodnen saqarTvelos mefeni iesiandaviTian-solomonian-bagrationebad<br />
(iese daviT winaswarmetyvelis mama iyo).<br />
aseTi warmomavloba amtkicebda bagrationebis gansakuTrebul, RvTis mier<br />
boZebul uflebas samefo taxtze. vinaidan mefe daviTisa da solomonis<br />
STamomavlebs, bibliis mixedviT, ufalma mudmivi mefoba aRuTqva: “ganvamtkiceb<br />
Sens samefo taxts israelSi samaradisod” (mes.mef. 9:5). eTiopuri tradiciiT,<br />
daaxloebiT aseTive warmomavloba aqvT eTiopelTa mefeebsac, romlebic Tavis<br />
winaprad meneliq pirvels, mefe solomonisa da bibliuri sabas dedoflis<br />
(mes.mef.10:1-13) Svils (romelic bibliaSi ar aris moxsenebuli) miiCneven da<br />
amiT asabuTeben maT mefur warmomavlobas.<br />
Uunda aRiniSnos, rom orive dinastiam saukuneebis manZilze SeinarCuna<br />
Zalaufleba. eTiopiam - 1974 wlamde, xolo saqarTvelom ruseTTan SeerTebamde,<br />
anu sanam qveyanaSi monarqia arsebobda, daviTis STamomavlobas veravin Seecila<br />
mefobaSi, rac monarqizmis msoflio istoriaSi iSviaTi gamonaklisia.<br />
2. saqarTvelo da axali aRTqma<br />
ierusalimis udidesi mniSvneloba saqarTvelosaTvis, cxadia, qristianobis<br />
gavrcelebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom VII saukuneSi,<br />
islamis gavrcelebamde da ufro gvianac, bizantiis dasustebamde, palestinasa<br />
da saqarTvelos Soris mdebare qveynebi-siriaca da mcire aziis (dRevandeli<br />
TurqeTis teritoria) sxva saxelmwifoebic-ZiriTadad qristianebiT iyvnen<br />
dasaxlebulni, rac, cxadia, aadvilebda saqarTvelos kavSirs palestinasTan.<br />
udidesia sirieli (asureli) <strong>wminda</strong> mamebis roli saqar-Tvelosa da mTel axlo<br />
aRmosavleTSi qristianobis gavrcelebaSi. ufali, iseve rogorc ebraelTa didi<br />
nawili, axlo aRmosavleTSi maSin farTod gavrcelebul (arameul) enaze<br />
laparakobda. jvarze sulis gantevebis win iesom arameul enaze warmoTqva<br />
Semdegi sityvebi: `eloi, eloi, lama sabaqTani?~, rac Semdegnairad iTargmneba<br />
- `RmerTo, RmerTo Cemo, raÁsaTvis damiteveb me~ (mk. 15.34). antioqiis eklesia,<br />
romelmac saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa jer kidev V saukuneSi,
xom swored siriaSi mdebareobs, da, gadmocemiT, Tavad wmida petres mieraa<br />
dafuZnebuli. <strong>wminda</strong> mociquli pavle mcire aziis qalaq tarsus mkvidri iyo<br />
(amJamad Turquli qalaqi side). yvela msoflio saeklesio kreba bizantiis<br />
imperiis sazRvrebSi (dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoria) gaimarTa. aqve, qalaq<br />
patraSi, daibada <strong>wminda</strong> nikoloz miron-lukiis episkoposi. q. efesoSi<br />
mdebareobs wm. ioane maxareblis saflavic. aqve moRvaweobda da miicvala wm.<br />
mariam magdalineli. aq qristianoba <strong>wminda</strong> mociqulebma: andria<br />
pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da iuda iskariotelis nacvlad arCeulma<br />
mataTam iqadages, romlebmac trapizonis gavliT aWaramde moaRwies. maT<br />
moaqcies lazebi, kolxebi, mesxebi, svanebi, afxazebi da alanebi, anu saqarTvelo<br />
moeqca im qveynebis ricxvSi, sadac mociqulebs unda eqadagaT qristes<br />
macxovnebeli moZRvreba. qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanesi wyaroebi<br />
arsebobs rogorc ucxouri, aseve qarTuli, romlebSic dawvrilebiT aris<br />
aRwerili Cveni qveynis istoriaSi momxdari yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena -<br />
qristianobis miReba.<br />
a. RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana<br />
ierusalimis dapyrobis Semdeg mefe daviTma sionis mTaze, qalaqis<br />
samxreTiT, daido bina. iq Seqmnes savane, sadac aRTqmis kidobani daasvenes.<br />
Semdeg daviTma iyida miwa qalaqis CrdiloeT nawilSi taZris asaSeneblad,<br />
magram ufalma ar darTo daviT mefes taZris aSenebis ufleba, radgan mas<br />
mravalricxovan omebSi adamianTa sisxli hqonda daRvrili. RmerTma auwya daviT<br />
winaswarmetyvels, rom taZars misi Svili-solomoni aaSenebda, romlis mefobis<br />
drosac israelSi mSvidoba daisadgurebda. vinaidan taZarSi gadasvenebamde<br />
aRTqmis kidobani sionze inaxeboda, mTas <strong>wminda</strong> adgili, uflis samyofeli<br />
daarqves da es saxeli man taZris aSenebis Semdegac SeinarCuna. axal aRTqmaSi<br />
sionma axali brwyinvaleba SeiZina. aq mdebareobda is saxli, romelSic<br />
macxovari da misi mowafeebi ikribebodnen. aq aRasrula macxovarma saidumlo<br />
seroba; aq gadmovida <strong>wminda</strong> suli uflis mowafeebze macxovris aRdgomidan<br />
ormocdameaTe dRes. aqve, sionis mTaze, cxovrobda ioane maxarebeli. aqve miiZina<br />
yovladwmida RvTismSobelma. saqarTveloSi Zalze gavrcelebulia<br />
RvTismSoblis miZinebis eklesiebi, romlebic sionad iwodeba. magaliTad,<br />
Tbilisis sioni, bolnisis sioni, atenis sioni da a. S.<br />
sulTmofenobis Semdeg, mociqulebma wili yares, Tu vin, romel qveyanaSi<br />
unda wasuliyo saqadageblad. yovlad<strong>wminda</strong> RvTismSobels wilad xvda<br />
saqarTvelo. gadmocemis mixedviT, RvTismSobeli saqarTveloSi wamosasvlelad<br />
emzadeboda, rodesac ufali gamoecxada da auwya, rom moaxloebuli iyo misi<br />
miZineba – gardacvaleba da amitom mis nacvlad saqarTveloSi mas unda<br />
waregzavna wm. andria pirvelwodebuli. andriam saqarTveloSi yovladwmida<br />
RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati CamoabrZana, romelic <strong>wminda</strong> qalwulis saxeze<br />
dadebiT gamoisaxa. igi awyuris RvTismSoblis xatis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.<br />
mociqulTa moRvaweobis epoqaSi kviprosis episkoposi iyo macxovris mier<br />
mkvdreTiT aRdgenili lazare, romelmac, gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. qalwuli -<br />
mariami kviprosSi miiwvia. qariSxalma xomalds, romelsac RvTismSobeli da<br />
mociquli ioane kviprosSi gadahyavda, gezi Seucvala da is aTonis mTas miadga.
aTonis na-xevarkunZuli savse iyo warmarTuli kerpebiT, aqve iyo apolonis<br />
uzarmazari taZaric. rodesac RvTismSoblis moaxloeba igrZnes, kerpebi Tavad<br />
daimsxvrnen. RvTismSoblis qadagebis Semdeg mosaxleoba moeqca. amitom<br />
uwodeben eklesiis mamebi, maT Soris maqsime berZeni, dimitri rostoveli,<br />
serafim saroveli da sxvebi, aTonis mTas, iveriis Semdeg, RvTismSoblis<br />
wilxvedrs.<br />
SemTxveviTi rodia, rom swored aTonis mTasTan micurda RvTismSoblis<br />
saswaulmoqmedi xati, romelic xatmbrZolobis dros (IX saukune) bizantielma<br />
meomarma SubiT gangmira. xatis naiarevidan sas-waulebrivad daiwyo sisxlma<br />
dena. nikielma RvTismoSiSma qvrivma, xatmebrZolTa mxridan Sebilwvisa da<br />
ganadgurebisagan rom exsna yovlad<strong>wminda</strong> RvTismSoblis xati, zRvis talRebs<br />
miando igi. erT dRes, ivironis monastris berebma zRvis zedapiridan camde<br />
aRmarTuli sveti SeniSnes. es saswauli ramdenime dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi kvlav<br />
ganmeorda. monastrebidan Sekrebilma berebma sanapiroze moiyares Tavi da<br />
SeamCnies, rom cecxlovani sveti RvTismSoblis xatze iyo aRmarTuli. rodesac<br />
masTan miaxloeba daapires, xatma ukan daixia. ase ganmeorda ramdenjerme.<br />
winamZRvris rCeviT, iveronis berebi taZarSi Seikribnen da cremlismieri<br />
locviT SesTxov-<br />
dnen ufals, raTa maTTvis miemadlebina es fasdaudebeli saunje - uwmidesi<br />
xati misi yovladwmida dedisa. im dros iverTa savaneSi angelozebrivi<br />
cxovrebiT gamorCeuli qarTveli beri - gabrieli moRvaweobda. wmida bers<br />
ZilSi zeciuri naTliT gabrwyinebuli RvTismSobeli gamoecxada da uTxra:<br />
`gadaeci winamZRvarsa da sulier Zmebs, rom saTnod miCns Cemi xatis TqvenTvis<br />
momadleba. niSnad amisa, guldajerebiT Sedi zRvaSi da rwmeniT gaiare mis<br />
talRebze. am saswauliT yvela Seityobs Tqveni monastrisadmi Cems Sewevnasa da<br />
mfarvelobas~.<br />
berma gamocxadeba winamZRvars mouTxro da imave diliT ivironis<br />
monastris mamebi savedrebeli galobiT gavidnen zRvis napirze. berma gabrielma<br />
saswaulebrivad gaiara zRvis talRebze da RvTismSoblis xati krZalviT da<br />
sasoebiT amoabrZana napirze. saRvTo sixaruliT aRvsilma mamebma, iqve, patara<br />
samlocvelo aRmarTes da sami dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi daucxromlad<br />
samadlobel paraklisebs aRuvlendnen mowyale RmerTs. am adgilidan oci<br />
nabijis moSorebiT mdgara gumbaTovani eklesia, sadac dausvenebiaT<br />
yovlad<strong>wminda</strong> RvTismSoblis xati. Semdeg ki igi monastris sakurTxevelSi<br />
gadaubrZanebiaT. meore dRes erT-erT bers, romelsac sakurTxevelSi kandeli<br />
unda aenTo, xati sakurT-<br />
xevelSi aRar daxvedria. xangrZlivi Zebnis Sedegad berebs igi monastris<br />
karibWis kedelze aRmouCeniaT. rogorc ki berebi mas sakurTxevelSi<br />
SeabrZanebdnen, meore diliT kvlav karibWis kedelze poulobdnen. yovladwmida<br />
qalwuli kvlav gamocxadebia gabriel bers da ubrZanebia: `auwyeT Zmebs, rom ar<br />
mnebavs, viyo Tqven mier daculi, aramed ufro is msurs, Tavad viyo Tqveni<br />
mcvelica da mfarvelic...~ am gamocxadebis Semdgom xati monastris karibWesTan<br />
daabrZanes sagangebod agebul patara taZarSi. amitom eZaxian RvTismSoblis<br />
saswaulmoqmed xats `portaitisas~, anu `karibWisas~.<br />
uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom RvTismSoblis xati dResac ivironis<br />
monasterSia dasvenebuli, monasterSi, romelic qarTvelTa mier aris aSenebuli.<br />
am monastris mniSvneloba gansakuTrebulia Cveni qveynisTvis, radgan wlebis
ganmavlobaSi aq uaRresad nayofier saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobas eweodnen<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> ioane da eqvTime mTawmindelebi, <strong>wminda</strong> giorgi mTawmindeli, ioane beri<br />
da sxva qarTveli mamebi.<br />
andria pirvelwodebulTan erTad, marTalia, saqarTveloSi uflis sxva<br />
mociqulebmac, maT Soris, svimon kananelma, barTlomem, Tadeozma da mataTam<br />
iqadages qristianuli moZRvreba, magram pirvelobis pativi <strong>wminda</strong> andrias<br />
ekuTvnis da swored is iTvleba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />
damaarseblad.<br />
trapizonidan saqarTveloSi Semosulma mociqulebma iqadages lazeTsa<br />
da WaneTSi, Semdeg ki aWaraSi gadainacvles. andria pirvelwodebulma gzad,<br />
mTaSi, zaden-goraze, rkinis didi jvari aRmarTa. RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli<br />
xatiT mravali saswauli moaxdina: adgilobrivi mTavris qvrivis Svili<br />
mkvdreTiT aRadgina, ris Semdeg dedac, Svilic da samcxelebic moinaTlnen.<br />
aRSfoTebul warmarT qurumebs andriam uflis Zalis dasamtkiceblad<br />
SesTavaza RamiT RvTismSoblis xatis datoveba artemidas warmarTul taZarSi.<br />
diliT kerpebi damsxvreuli, xati ki gabrwyinebuli daxvdaT.<br />
samcxelebis TxovniT, andriam xati awyurSi sagangebod agebul patara<br />
ekvderSi daasvena. mogvianebiT bizantiis imperatorma, heraklem, <strong>wminda</strong> xatis<br />
pativsacemad didi taZari aaSena awyurSi. awyuris RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli<br />
xati saukuneebis manZilze icavs saqarTvelos.<br />
andriam, simon kananelma da mataTam iqadages taoSi, klarjeTSi,<br />
samegreloSi, svaneTSi, afxazebSi, alanebSi, jiqebSi. svimon kananeli afxazeTSi<br />
miicvala da afxazeTSivea dakrZaluli (axal aTonSi). mataTa-aWaraSi, gonioSia,<br />
dakrZaluli. andria pirvelwodebuli q. patraSi (saberZneTSi) ewama laTinuri<br />
`X~ formis jvarze. dRes am qalaqSia misi Tavis qala dasvenebuli.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis taxti iwodeba<br />
andria pirvelwodebulis saydrad, radgan Cveni eklesia mis mier aris<br />
dafuZnebuli. saqarTvelodan <strong>wminda</strong> andria pirvelwodebuli gaemarTa skviTur<br />
hersonesSi da Semdeg patara daba-bizantionSi da iqac pirveli episkoposi<br />
daadgina. patara bizantioni SemdgomSi marTlmadidebluri samyaros centradkonstantinopolad<br />
iqca. teritoria, sadac skviTebi cxovrobdnen, SemdegSi<br />
ruseTis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca. SemTxveviTi ar aris is, rom<br />
ruseTis imperiis samxedro sazRvao droSaze andrias jvari gamosaxes. ruseTis<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi jildo aris andria pirvelwodebulis<br />
ordeni. giorgi mciris cnobiT, xatmebrZolobis periodSi, guTebis saepiskoposo<br />
kandidati, ioane, episkoposad swored saqarTveloSi, mcxeTaSi ikurTxa, rac<br />
naTeli dadasturebaa imisa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />
yovelTvis ubiwod icavda <strong>wminda</strong> marTlmadideblur moZRvrebas. Cveni eklesiis<br />
roli yovelTvis mniSvnelovani iyo msoflio marTlmadideb<br />
lobaSi. amis safuZveli uwinaresad unda veZeboT imaSi, rom saqarTvelo<br />
RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyanaa, romlis kurTxeviTac aq qristes pirvelma<br />
mowafem andria pirvelwodebulma jer kidev pirvel saukuneSi daaarsa<br />
qristianuli eklesia.<br />
xucesmonazon giorgi mciris cnobiT, 1047 wels swored andria<br />
pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebis faqtma saSualeba misca<br />
giorgi aTonels daecva antioqiis patriarqis winaSe saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefalia, romelsac maSin eWvqveS ayenebdnen. `wmidao meufeo~, - mimarTa man
patriarqs-`Sen ityÂ, viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaÁsa petres saydarsa vzio<br />
(antioqiis eklesia dafuZnebulia petre mociqulis mier-v.r.). xolo Cuen _<br />
pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa TÂsisa mwodebelisa (pirvelad andria daemowafa<br />
ufals da Semdeg man miiyvana macxovarTan Tavisi Zma petre), (in. 1.42) nawilni<br />
varT da samwysoni, da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni,...- wmidao meufeo,<br />
Suenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas daemorCilos, rameTu petresi<br />
jer ars, raÁTa daemorCilos mwodebelsa TÂssa da Zmasa andrias da raÁTa<br />
Tqven Cuen dagvemorCilneT~. (giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba).<br />
cxadia, rogorc mTel danarCen qristianul samyaroSi, qristianobis<br />
saboloo gamarjvebas da mis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas saukuneebi<br />
dasWirda. romis imperiaSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad iqca IV saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi. amave periodSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadda<br />
saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi. bizantiis gavlenis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesia uZveles epoqaSi yvelaze metad ierusalimis eklesiasTan iyo<br />
dakavSirebuli, rasac adasturebs Tundac is faqti, rom es uZvelesi tipikoni,<br />
romelic saqarTvelos eklesia-monastrebSi gamoiyeneboda, ierusalimuri<br />
warmoSobisa iyo. uaRresad mniSvnelovania isic, rom andria mociqulis Rvawlis<br />
gamgrZelebeli, mociqulTa swori nino, ierusalimidan gamoemgzavra<br />
saqarTveloSi saqadageblad yovlad<strong>wminda</strong> RvTismSoblisa da Tavisi biZis,<br />
ierusalimis patriarqis, iubenalis, kurTxeviT.<br />
g. mcxeTa - `meore ierusalimi~<br />
gasuli saukunis miwuruls saqarTvelom izeima qarTlSi ebraelTa pirvelad<br />
Semosvlis 2006 wlisTavi. sazeimo marTlac gvqonda, vinaidan, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>sa da<br />
ebraelebis mravalsaukunovani keTilmezobluri tradicia uaRresad<br />
mniSvnelovani magaliTia sarwmunoebiT gansxvavebuli am ori uZvelesi eris<br />
mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobisa. Zv.w.aR. VI saukuneSi ebraelebi pirvelad movidnen<br />
qarTlSi da mcxeTaSi dasaxldnen. elia winaswarmetyvelis xalenTan erTad maT<br />
Tan moitanes erTi RmerTis rwmena, rac qarTvelobas gzas uxsnida, Semecneboda<br />
Zveli aRTqmis sarwmunoebas.<br />
,,qarTlis moqcevis” Satberdul redaqciaSi sagulisxmod aris moTxrobili<br />
elioz mcxeTelisa da longinoz karsnelis ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis ambavi,<br />
mas Semdeg, rac mcxeTaSi mcxovrebma ebraelebma werili miiRes<br />
mRvdelmTavrisagan, rom vinme, rjulismcodne, Casuliyo ierusalimSi da<br />
monawileoba mieRo macxovris gansjaSi. eliozis dedam Svili daariga, rom<br />
damorCileboda mRvdelmTavris mowodebas da wasuliyo ierusalimSi, magram<br />
Tanaziari ar gamxdariyo im ganzraxvisa, rac gulisxmobda macxovris<br />
sikvdiliT dasjas. rodesac macxovari jvars acves golgoTaze, eliozis dedas,<br />
suliwmidis madliT, mcxeTaSi esma jvarze uflis mimsWvalvis (milursmvis) xma<br />
da myisve aResrula im tkiviliT, rom kacTa modgmis mxsneli jvars acves.<br />
macxovris sikvdilis Semdgom, romaelma jariskacebma misi samoseli<br />
gainawiles oTx nawilad. xolo kvarTi, romelic iyo mTliani, daunawevrebeli,<br />
uflis gangebiT, wilad xvdaT mcxeTel ebraelebs. mcxeTaSi Camosul eliozs<br />
daxvda misi da, sidonia da dedis sikvdili auwya. sidoniam gulSi Caikra<br />
macxovris kvarTi da iqve suli ganuteva. igi kvarTTan erTad dakrZales.
sidonias saflavze kiparisis xe amovida. rusuli da sparsuli wyaroebis<br />
mixedviT ki, uflis kvarTi Sah-abasma gaitana saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdgom<br />
ruseTs wargzavnilma Sahis despanma igi imperators miarTva. kvarTi<br />
mogvianebiT, imave cnobis mixedviT, ruseTis erT-erT monasterSi daasvenes. ra<br />
Tqma unda, amgvar cnobebs araviTari saerTo ara aqvs WeSmaritebasTan, radgan<br />
qsovili, romelic mcxeTidan waiRes Sah-abasis laSqrobis dros, ar iyo<br />
macxovris kvarTi. kvarTi, romelic <strong>wminda</strong> eklesiis mTlianobis simboloa,<br />
mcxeTaSia dafluli da is aravis amouRia sidonias saflavidan. uflis<br />
kvarTzea dafuZnebuli sveticxovlis wmida taZari, romelic saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebuli yvela eklesiis deda eklesiad iwodeba. sveticxovelSi inaxeba aseve<br />
elia winaswarmetyvelis xaleni, romelic erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi siwmindea.<br />
swored macxovris kvarTisadmi Tayvaniscemis survilma STaagona<br />
kabadokiel qalwuls, wm. giorgis naTesavs, cnobili RvTismosavi mSoblebis,<br />
mxedarTmTavar zabulonisa da ierusalimis patriarqis - iubenalis dis,<br />
sosanas, erTaderT qaliSvils saqarTveloSi Camosvla. locvebSi is yoveldRe<br />
evedreboda RvTismSobels mis wilxvedr qveyanaSi gamgzavrebisa da misive<br />
xeliT moqsovili uflis kvarTis Tayvaniscemis nebarTva mieca. Semweobisa da<br />
dalocvis niSnad RvTismSobelma wmida ninos vazis jvari gadasca, romlis<br />
ZaliTac igi sZlevda xilul da uxilav mters. vazis jvari <strong>wminda</strong>nma Tavisi<br />
TmiT Sekra. (es jvari amJamad sionis sakaTedro taZarSia dasvenebuli)<br />
saqarTveloSi gamomgzavrebis win <strong>wminda</strong> nino misma biZam, ierusalimis<br />
patriarqma - iubenalma, daloca.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> nino samcxe-javaxeTis gziT Semovida qarTlSi da mcxeTaSi<br />
imyofeboda eliozis STamomaval ebrael mRvdelTan, abiaTarTan, da mis asul -<br />
sidoniasTan erTad. dauRalavi qadagebiT, locviT, gaWirvebulTa SewevniTa da<br />
sneulTa kurnebiT (gankurnebulTa Soris iyo dedofali nanac) man jer abiaTar<br />
mRvdeli da misi Svili sidonia, Semdeg dedofali nana, mefe miriani da mTeli<br />
qarTli, Semdeg ki kaxeTi moaqcia qristes rjulze. mefis brZanebiT, daiwyes<br />
didi taZris mSenebloba. moWres erTi naZvi, romlisganac Svidi sveti daamzades.<br />
mSeneblebma verafriT SeZles umTavresi svetis saZirkvelSi damagreba. Sewuxda<br />
mefe miriani, wmida nino da yoveli eri. xalxi mimoifanta. mSeneblobis adgilas<br />
mxolod wmida nino darCa sulier debTan erTad. igi mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi<br />
loculobda da RmerTs evedreboda Semweobas, raTa ar dabrkolebuliyo taZris<br />
mSenebloba. ganTiadisas man ixila uflis angelozi sxivmosili Wabukis saxiT,<br />
romelmac xeli mohkida svets, zemoT waiRo da misTvis gankuTvnil adgilze<br />
daamyara. es umniSvnelovanesi saswauli wmida ninos locvis Sedegad aRsrulda,<br />
rac safuZveli gaxda upirvelesi qarTuli taZris dafuZnebisa.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> ninos TxovniT, mirian mefem werili gaugzavna imperator<br />
konstantines da iTxova misgan sasuliero pirebis qarTlSi gamogzavna, raTa<br />
maT aResrulebinaT naTlobis uwmidesi saidumlo. qarTlSi moavlines<br />
episkoposi ioane, mRvdlebi da diakvnebi, romlebmac Tan CamoabrZanes uflis<br />
cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili (ferÃTa ficari) da samsWvalni. qarTuli<br />
werilobiTi wyaros mixedviT, wmida ninosa da mirian mefis TanxmobiT,<br />
mcxeTaSi mokveTes saswaulmoqmedi xe da misgan sami jvari daamzades. mravali<br />
dRis ganmavlobaSi RamiT eklesias varskvlavebiT garSemortymuli cecxlovani<br />
jvari adgeboda Tavs, ganTiadisas ori varskvlavi gamoeyofoda sxvebs, erTi<br />
aRmosavleTisken moZraobda, meore ki - dasavleTisken. Tavad cecxlovani jvari
ki aragvis gaRma, kldovani borcvis Tavze Cerdeboda. wm. ninos rCeviT, erTi<br />
jvari erTi varskvlavis mimarTulebiT, anu dasavleTiT waiRes da TxoTis<br />
mTaze aRmarTes, meore aRmosavleTiT - ujarmaSi, xolo mesame jvris dasadgami<br />
adgili Tavad ufalma amcno mefe mirians - aragvis gadaRma mdebare kldovani<br />
borcvi, sadac aRmarTes umTavresi siwminde - mcxeTis jvari. mogvianebiT aq<br />
aSenda msoflio saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis unikaluri nimuSi - mcxeTis jvris<br />
monasteri. yovelive zemoTqmuli naTlad mianiSnebs saqarTvelos umWidroes<br />
kavSirs qristianuli samyaros imdroindel centrTan - ierusalimTan. SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom sulierebis TvalsazrisiT, mcxeTa aris meore ierusalimi, rasac<br />
adasturebs is saxeldebani, romlebic ierusalimTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba.<br />
ierusalimis sionis taZari, romelic agebulia Tormeti mociqulis saxelze,<br />
analogs poulobs pirvel qarTul taZarTan, sveticxovelTan, romelic `did<br />
sionad~ iwodeba da, romelic aseve Tormeti mociqulis saxelzea aSenebuli.<br />
mcxeTaSi aseve aris beTlemad saxeldebuli gamoqvabuli, Taboris mTa, eleonis,<br />
anu zeTisxilis mTa, golgoTa, beTania, geTsimania da sxva. saukuneebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi SesamCnevia qarTvelTa swrafva wmida miwisken. gansakuTrebiT es<br />
exeba ierusalims, sadac araerTi monasteri aaSenes Cvenma winaprebma. wmida<br />
ilia marTlis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Cveni mefeebi, dedoflebi da didebulebi<br />
aranair saxsrebs ar zogavdnen, raTa Semweoba aRmoeCinaT im uwmidesi<br />
samonastro kerebisadmi, romlebic warmoadgenda umniSvnelovanes sulier da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
centrebs. vin icis am monastrebSi, ramdeni qarTveli sasuliero piri, wmida<br />
beri Sevedrebia RmerTs Cveni samSoblos aRorZinebisa da sulieri<br />
gabrwyinebisTvis. RmerTma Seiwiros RvTisTvis saTno maTi locva da Rvawli.<br />
ierusalimi, sulierebis TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelTaTvis meore samSobloa,<br />
romelTanac aris dakavSirebuli macxovris amqvey<br />
niuri moRvaweoba. uZveles epoqaSi <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> macxovris Sobas, ierusalimuri<br />
tradiciis mixedviT, savaraudod, 6 ianvars, macxovris naTlisRebis dRes,<br />
aRniSnavdnen. ierusalimi <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>saTvis udidesi siwmindea, rac ganapirobebs<br />
sxvebTan erTad qarTvelTa swrafvas <strong>wminda</strong> miwis mosalocad.<br />
d. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> ierusalimSi<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, pirvel qarTvel piligrimad da ierusalimis qarTuli<br />
koloniis damfuZneblad qarTveli ufliswuli, bizantiaSi kargad cnobili<br />
saeklesio piri da filosofosi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi (412-491)<br />
iTvleba. mis mier dafuZnebuli pirveli qarTuli (lazTa) monastris nangrevebi,<br />
uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebiTurT, italieli arqeologis virjilio korbos<br />
mier aris aRmoCenili beTlemis udabnoSi. warwerebSi moxseniebuli arian,<br />
rogorc petre iberi, aseve misi winaprebic, rac saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />
adreul gavrcelebaze miuTiTebs. xolo `lazTa monasteri~ petre iberis<br />
aRmzrdelis, ioane lazis, pativsacemad ewoda. petrem aago qarTuli monasteri<br />
ierusalimSic, sionis mTaze, romelic mogvianebiT imperator iustinianes<br />
ganuaxlebia. V saukunidan XVIII saukunemde qarTuli kolonia erT-erTi<br />
uZlieresi iyo ierusalimSi. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> palestinaSi 19 monastersa da eklesias<br />
flobdnen.
qarTuli kulturis, sulierebisa da mwerlobis umniSvnelovanesi da amave<br />
dros, uZvelesi sazRvargareTuli centri, sadac VIII-X saukuneebSi qarTveli<br />
berebi intensiur saganmanaT-<br />
leblo moRvaweobas eweodnen, iyo sabas lavra, sadac moRvaweobdnen cnobili<br />
qarTveli mwignobrebi: martvili monazoni, seiTi, makar leTeTeli, amona,<br />
basili sabawmindeli, arseni, ioane-zosime (romelic aris gadamweri<br />
mniSvnelovani qarTuli Zeglisa - `qebaÁ da didebaÁ qarTulisa enisaÁ~),<br />
svimeon mgalobeli, miqael Cixuareli da sxvebi. aq unda iyos Sesrulebuli IX<br />
saukuneSi qarTuli oTxTavis sabawminduri redaqcia, romelic ixsenieba wm.<br />
giorgi mTawmindlis cnobil anderZSi.<br />
sabas lavra, anu `saba<strong>wminda</strong>s~ lavra, ierusalimidan samxreTaRmosavleTiT,<br />
daaxloebiT, 13-15 kilometrze mdebareobs. monastris<br />
damaarsebeli wm. saba ganwmendili (439-532) warmoSobiT (iseve, rogorc <strong>wminda</strong><br />
nino) kabadokiidan iyo da qarTvelebTan misi axlo urTierToba gasakviri ar<br />
unda iyos. aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis cno-<br />
biT, bevr kabadokiels qarTuli enac ki esmoda.<br />
kirile skviTopolelis cnobiT, rodesac sabawmindis lavras eretikos<br />
origenes momxreebi daesxnen Tavs, besni (ase uwodebdnen ierusalimSi<br />
qarTvelebs, kerZod lazebs) iordanedan movidnen mo-nastris dasaxmareblad.<br />
eretikosebisgan Seviwroebulma marTlmadidebelma mamebma didi lavris<br />
qsenadoqs Seafares Tavi. hagiografi mogviTxrobs: `miuÃdes mbrZolni igi<br />
didiTa guliswyromiTa da unda, raÁTamca mamani warwymidnes. da viTarca<br />
qsenadoqisa karni daÃSulni povnes, sarkumelni qviTa dalewnes da Sina myofTa<br />
maT qviTa esrodes. da viTarca didad Seaurves mamaTa, erTman vinme, Teodulos<br />
saxeliT, besi monazoni, SewyudobilTa maTgani, aman pova niCabi da aRiRo igi<br />
da qsenadoqiT gamovida. xolo mbrZolni igi iyvnes viTar samas oden, da aman<br />
martoman yovelni ganabnivna. xolo uxeTqna aravis, xolo amas uxeTqnes maT<br />
qviTa, da daeca. da Semdgomad mciredTa dReTa aResrula~. (`mamaTa cxovrebani~,<br />
Tb., 1975, gv. 121).<br />
wm. saba ganwmendilis anderZidan Cans, rom qarTvelebs lavraSi Tavisi<br />
eklesia hqoniaT da RvTismsaxurebas qarTul enaze aRavlendnen. arabTa<br />
batonobis dros monasteri araerTxel daarbies, magram masSi samonastro<br />
cxovreba ar Sewyvetila. aq uaRresad nayofierad moRvaweobdnen <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>.<br />
sabawmidis saxelganTqmul lavraSi IX saukuneSi ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
mosagreobda wm. ilarion qarTveli, XI saukuneSi ki - wm. giorgi - proxore,<br />
jvris monastris aRmaSenebeli. monasterSi qarTvelTa nakadi arc mogvianebiT<br />
Sewyvetila: 1567 wels aq imyofeboda f. SaqaraSvili, XVIII - saukunis 80-ian<br />
wlebSi - i. gedevaniSvili, 1820 wels - g. avaliSvili, 1899 wels - p. konWoSvili,<br />
1883 wels _ a. cagareli. SoTa rusTavelis 800 wlis saiubileo dResaswaulis<br />
mzadebisas saba<strong>wminda</strong>s ewvia qarTvel moRvaweTa jgufi i. ruruas, reJisor g.<br />
pataraias da operator g. melqaZis SemadgenlobiT, rac adasturebs, rom<br />
komunisturi reJimis drosac ki <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s interesi <strong>wminda</strong> miwisadmi ar<br />
ganelebula. amis brwyinvale magaliTia ara marto saxelovani qarTveli<br />
mecnierebis saqmianoba, aramed i. abaSiZis Semoqmedebac, misi `palestinuri<br />
dRiurebi~.<br />
X-XI saukuneebSi bevri qarTveli mwignobari beri moRvaweobda palavraSi<br />
_ xaritonis lavraSi, romelic aseve ierusalimTan axlos mdebareobs. eseni
arian: ioane safareli, pavle palavreli, Teodore palavreli, grigol<br />
xaritonwmideli, stefane palavreli da sxv. qarTveli dedebi moRvaweobdnen<br />
ierusalimis dedaTa monasterSi, romelsac dertavi erqva.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> gansakuTrebuli adgili <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s saqmianobaSi da,<br />
saerTod, saqarTvelos istoriaSi, jvris monasters ukavia.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom jvris monastris aRorZineba da misi qarTuli<br />
samonastro da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo cxovrebis udides kerad gadaqceva<br />
dakavSirebulia saqarTvelos `oqros xanasTan~, daviTisa da Tamaris epoqasTan<br />
(XI-XIII ss). saqarTvelo axlo aRmosavleTis Zlier saxelmwifod iqca da<br />
qarTulma kulturam ganviTarebis manamde arnaxul dones miaRwia.<br />
aleqsi tolstois TqmiT, `saqarTvelom Seqmna renesansis yvela<br />
winapiroba da Seqmna jotos donis xelovnebis nimuSebi ori saukuniT jotoze<br />
adre~. imaves amtkicebda didi rusi mecnieri aleqsi losevi. Seiqmna gelaTisa<br />
da iyalTos akademiebi, romlebic saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebis<br />
aRiarebul kerebad iqca. gelaTis akademia iwoda `meore ierusalimad” da `sxvad<br />
aTinad~, radgan Sua saukuneebis es umniSvnelovanesi saRvTismetyvelo skola<br />
Tavis wiaRSi amTlianebda rwmenasa da mecnierebas,<br />
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, WeSmarit rwmenas da WeSmarit codnas. amave epoqaSi,<br />
romelsac `oqros xana` ewoda, Seiqmna SoTa rusTavelis genialuri qarTuli<br />
poema `vefxistyaosani~, romelic qarTuli mravalsaukunovani poeziis<br />
mwvervalia. masSi naTlad ikveTeba misi avtoris, SoTa rusTavelis, udidesi<br />
saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiuri ganswavluloba.<br />
bagrat IV kurapalatis dros, 1030-1060 wlebSi, jvris monasteri<br />
aRadgina <strong>wminda</strong> mamam, proxore qarTvelma (giorgi SavTelma), romelic iyo<br />
didi qarTveli ganmanaTlebeli da eqvTime aTonelis mowafe. masTan erTad<br />
moRvaweobdnen ioane dvali, miqael dvali, ioane Savi da sxvani. monasterSi<br />
didi mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis paralelurad iqmneboda originaluri<br />
nawarmoebebi, daiwera ramodenime hagiografiuli Txzuleba da Sedga<br />
himnografiuli krebulebi. amave periods ukavSirdeba udidesi wignsacavis<br />
Seqmnac. ierusalimTanaa dakavSirebuli wmida mowameebis, luka ierusalimelis<br />
da nikoloz dvalis, moRvaweobac.<br />
jvarosnebis dros TiTqmis yvela marTlmadidebluri monasteri<br />
kaTolikebis xelSi gadavida, Tumca jvris monasteri qarTvelebs darCaT.<br />
arsebobs mosazreba, rom SoTa rusTavelis freska XII-XIII saukuneebis mijnazea<br />
Sesrulebuli. mas miewereba jvris monastris aRdgena da moxatva. amgvari didi<br />
Rvawlis gamo mo-<br />
nasterSi misi aRapic dauwesebiaT. gadmocemiT, berad aRkvecili genialuri<br />
poeti amave monasterSia dakrZaluli. erT-erTi gavrcelebiuli mosazrebis<br />
mixedviT, Tamaris saflavic aq unda iyos. aseTi versiis safuZvels iZleva erTi<br />
saintereso werili, romelic gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi aRmouCeniaT<br />
safrangeTis arqivebSi. ai, ras wers kaTolike mTavarepiskoposs jvarosani<br />
raindi debua ierusalimidan: `jer yurmokvriT Sevityve, xolo Semdeg sarwmuno<br />
elCebis meSveobiT danamdvilebiT Sevamowme, rom iberieli qristianebis,<br />
romelnic georgianebad(qarTvelebad) iwodebian, didZalma cxenosanma da qveiTma<br />
jarma, RvTis SemweobiT aRfrTovanebulma da Zalzed kargad SeiaraRebulma,<br />
gamoilaSqra urwmuno warmarTebis winaaRmdeg, swrafad dahkra maT da ukve<br />
aiRo samasi cixe da cxra didi qalaqi, romelTaganac Zlierni daipyro, xolo
sustni nacartutad aqcia. zemoaRniSnuli jari moeSureba, raTa gaaTavisuflos<br />
ierusalimis <strong>wminda</strong> miwa-wyali da daipyros warmarTTa mTeli samyaro. maTi<br />
warCinebuli mefe 16 wlis Wabukia. igi aleqsandre makedonels hgavs vaJkacobiT<br />
da saTnoebiT, magram ara sarwmunoebiT. am Wabuks Tan moaqvs Zvlebi Tavisi<br />
dedisa, uZlieresi mefis Tamarisa, romelsac Tavis droze ierusalims<br />
wamosvlis aRTqma daudvia da uTxovia SvilisaTvis, Tu aRTqmis asruleba ar<br />
damcaldes, Cemi Zvlebi qristes saflavze waiReo. Svils ar daviwyebia dedis<br />
Txovna da gadauwyvetia, <strong>wminda</strong> qalaqSi gadmoitanos dedis neSti, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, moisurveben amas warmarTni Tu ara~.<br />
laSa-giorgis (1213-1222) es laSqroba sxva masalebiT jerjerobiT ar<br />
dasturdeba, magram savsebiT marTebulad asaxavs daviT aRmaSeneblis mier<br />
gaZlierebul saqarTvelos rols mTel axlo aRmosavleTSi. SemTxveviTi ar<br />
aris, rom mematiane daviT aRmaSenebels uwodebs mesiis maxvils da qristianobis<br />
damcvels.<br />
1244 wels jvarosnebma sabolood dakarges ierusalimi. sanam saqarTvelo<br />
Zlieri iyo, igi qristianobis damcvelad gvevlineboda axlo aRmosavleTSi. im<br />
epoqaSi mcxovrebi erT-erTi kaTolike episkoposis, vitriusis, cnobiT,<br />
`cxovrobs aRmosavleTSi qristiani xalxi - omis moyvaruli da brZolaSi<br />
gamocdili. mas hyavs uamravi mebrZoli, metad daSinebuli hyavs sarkinozni da<br />
Tavdasxmebis dros did zarals ayenebs sparselebs, midielebsa da asurelebs,<br />
romelTa siaxlovesac cxovrobs, vinaidan garSemortymulia urjuloebiT, maT<br />
ewodebaT <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>. rodesac isini midian qristes saflavis Tavyanissacemad,<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> qalaqSi Sedian gaSlili droSebiT, baJis gadaxdis gareSe, rac Seexeba<br />
sarkinozebs, isini ver bedaven maTs Sewuxebas, raTa ukan dabrunebisas<br />
qarTvelebma javri ar iyaron maT mezoblad mcxovreb sarkinozebze. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong><br />
Zalian aRSfoTebulni arian da emuqrebian koradinuss, damaskos princs, imis<br />
gamo, rom man ganizraxa imaTi survilis gareSe ierusalimis kedlis dangreva,<br />
maSin, rodesac laTinni damietas iRebdnen~. (m. TamaraSvili `qarTuli eklesia<br />
dasabamidan dRemde~, Tb. 1995, gv. 474.)<br />
saqarTvelos dasustebasTan erTad sustdeboda misi poziciebic <strong>wminda</strong><br />
<strong>miwaze</strong>. 1273 wels, mamluqi sulTnebis dros, jvris monasteri meCeTad gadakeTda<br />
da qarTveli berebi monastridan gaaZeves. monastris winamZRvari, `jvris mama~,<br />
wm. luka ierusalimeli, awames da Tavi mohkveTes. aRSfoTebulma qarTvelebma,<br />
monRolTa laSqarSi yofnisas, rodesac monRolebi egviptel sulTans<br />
eomebodnen, brZoliT scades monastris dabruneba, magram uSedegod. mxolod<br />
diplomatiuri molaparakebebis gziT moaxerxa mefe daviT VIII-m monastris<br />
dabruneba da aRdgena. amitomac moixsenieba is monastris aRapSi mis<br />
aRmSeneblad. 1314 wels damaskoSi ewama jvris monastris beri, wm. nikoloz<br />
dvali. Zveli dideba kidev didi xnis manZilze mohyvebodaT qarTvelebs <strong>wminda</strong><br />
<strong>miwaze</strong>. sulTanma ara marto daubruna qarTvelebs jvris monasteri, aramed<br />
jvarosnebis gaZevebis Semdeg mxolod maT misca ufleba-daecvaT uflis<br />
saflavi. amaze didi pativi ers ar Rirsebia. aTwleulebis manZilze mxolod<br />
qarTveli berebi rCebodnen Rame uflis saflavis<br />
taZarSi, mxolod <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> aRavlendnen wirva-locvas uflis saflavze, maT<br />
epyraT uflis saflavis samlocvelos gasaRebi da ekuTvnodaT golgoTa.<br />
rodesac qristianobis udides siwmindes, macxovris saflavs, uaxlovdebiT da,<br />
miTumetes, rodesac <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlas veswrebiT, unda gvaxsovdes,
om uflis wyalobiT am <strong>wminda</strong> adgils Cveni winaprebi flobdnen da icavdnen.<br />
dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmida sulsa aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde!<br />
Aamin.<br />
400 wels ierusalimi da jvris monasteri Temur lengs auoxrebia. 1454<br />
wels bizantiis dacemiT qristianTa da maT Soris - qarTvelTa mdgomareoba<br />
kidev ufro gauaresda. Tumca drodadro <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s gavlena izrdeboda. 1525<br />
wels aRdga qarTvelTa ufleba golgoTaze, beTlemsa da jvris monasterze,<br />
aseve yvela is privilegia, rac qarTvelebs gaaCndaT ierusalimSi. am dros<br />
jvris monasterSi moRvaweobda vinme ColoyaSvili, romelmac laTinebisa da<br />
somxebis mier mitacebuli sakuTrebis dabrunebasTan erTad mo-nasterSi<br />
saganmanaTleblo saqmianobac aRadgina. udidesi wvlili Seitana jvris<br />
monastrisa da qarTvelTa koloniis saqmianobaSi `jvris mamam~, anu monastris<br />
winamZRvarma, nikoloz ColoyaSvilmac. magram, sabolood, qarTvelebma ver<br />
gauZles gaWirvebasa da im did gadasaxadebs, romlebic Turqebma<br />
qristianebisTvis daaweses. maRali gadasaxadebis gamo, ierusalimis berZenma<br />
patriarqebmac ki patriarqis rezidencia konstantinpolSi gadaitanes da<br />
konstantinopolis patriarqs Seekedlnen. somxebs ierusalimSi TavianTi<br />
diaspora hqondaT, maT Soris iyvnen vaWrebi, xelosnebi, SeZlebuli xalxi.<br />
isini somxur-monofizitur eklesias exmarebodnen da amitom gadasaxadebis<br />
gadaxda SeZles. laTinebsa da berZen marTlmadideblebs rogorc maTi<br />
adgilobrivi mrevli, aseve romi da konstantinopolis eparqia exmareboda.<br />
qarTvel berebs mxolod samSoblodan daxmarebis imedi hqondaT, magram,<br />
samwuxarod, yovelTvis ver xerxdeboda daxmarebis gaweva qarTveli berebisTvis.<br />
amitom ierusalimeli <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> TandaTan iZulebulni gaxdnen, monastrebisa<br />
da eklesiebis qoneba daegiravebinaT. es qoneba saukuneebis manZilze mTlianad<br />
berZnebis, somxebisa da laTinebis xelSi gadavida. ruseTis imperiis mier<br />
saqarTvelos mierTebas, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebas Sedegad mohyva<br />
ierusalimTan kavSiris gawyveta da <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> arsebuli qarTuli savaneebis<br />
sabolood dakargva. uflis wyalobiT, dRes am kavSirebis TandaTanobiTi<br />
aRdgena xdeba.<br />
e. ebraelTa da qristianTa saeklesio dResaswaulebi<br />
aRdgoma udidesi saeklesio dResaswaulia da momlocvelebi xSirad<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> piligrimobas mas ukavSireben. saxarebidan viciT, rom qristes<br />
wameba da jvarcma swored im dRes moxda, rodesac ebraelebs paseqi unda<br />
aReniSnaT. <strong>wminda</strong> sulis gardamosvla mociqulebze aRdgomidan ormocdameaTe<br />
dRes aRsrulda, maSin rodesac ierusalimSi ormocdaaTianobis dResaswauli<br />
aRiniSneboda, es Zveli aRTqmis rjulis miRebas ukavSirdeboda, ra kavSiri<br />
aqvT ebraul da qristianul dResaswaulebs erTmaneTTan?<br />
ebraelebis paseqi udidesi religiuri dResaswaulia, romelic<br />
ukavSirdeba egviptis tyveobidan ebraelTa gamosvlas. sityva `fasek~, ebraulad<br />
_ `fesax~ `gverdis avlas~ niSnavs da uflis mier egviptel pirvelSobilTa<br />
sikvdiliT dasjisas ebraelTa saxlebis gverdis avlas ukavSirdeba. egviptidan<br />
gamosvlis wina dRes yoveli ebraelis ojaxSi unda dakluliyo sapaseqo
tarigi, romlis sisxliTac jvris niSi unda gamoesaxaT sakuTari saxlebis<br />
karebze. RmerTma mose winaswarmetyvels amcno yvela is wesi, rac daculi unda<br />
yofiliyo paseqis aRsrulebisas.<br />
paseqze yvela ebraelis ojaxi vaxSmad ikribeba, ixseneben tyveobidan<br />
gamosvlas. sadResaswaulo vaxSami iwyeba locva-kurTxeviT, RvTisadmi<br />
madlobiT. qaSeruli RviniT ismeva oTxi sadResaswaulo sadRegrZelo, magram<br />
sufraze aseve dgamen mexuTe Wiqas ilia winaswarmetyvelisaTvis, rac, maTi<br />
rwmeniT, dakavSirebulia bibliur winaswarmetyvelebasTan, rom uflis<br />
sasufevlis dadgomamde da mesiis mosvlamde RmerTi moavlens caSi cocxlad<br />
amaRlebul ilia winaswarmetyvels (mal. 4.5). amitomac ekiTxebodnen<br />
farisevlebi ioane naTlismcemels, Tu vin iyo is - mesia Tu ilia<br />
winaswarmetyveli (in. 1.19-21).<br />
ebrauli paseqis wina dRes ufalma ieso qristem gamarTa saidumlo<br />
seroba Tavis mowafeebTan sionis qorSi. es iyo macxovris mier aRsrulebuli<br />
axali paseqi Zvelis nacvlad. swored am dRes daawesa qristem <strong>wminda</strong> ziarebis<br />
saidumlo. amave dRes man fexebi dabana Tavis mowafeebs, riTac Tavmdablobis<br />
udidesi magaliTi misca maT. Zveli aRTqmis rjulis miRebis dRes mosem<br />
samsxverplod Sewiruli zvarakis sisxli apkura ers da uTxra: `ese ars sisxli<br />
aRTqumisaÁ, romeli aRuTqua ufalman yovelTaTÂs sityvaTa amaT~ (gam. 24.8).<br />
macxovarma ki, rogorc <strong>wminda</strong> luka maxarebeli gvauwyebs, saidumlo serobisas<br />
Tavis xorcsa da sisxls aziara mociqulebi. aq pirvelad uTxra man mowafeebs<br />
udidesi mniSvnelobis sityvebi: `ese sasumeli - axali sjuli sisxlisa CemisaÁ<br />
TqvenTÂsdaTxeuli~ (lk. 22.20), riTac mianiSna, rom mis mier gaRebuli<br />
msxverpliT aRsruldeboda kacobriobis gamoxsna da axali aRTqmis eklesiis<br />
dafuZneba. uflis jvarcmiT gauqmda sisxliani msxverplSewirva, rac Zveli<br />
aRTqmis eklesiisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom qristianuli aRdgomis dResaswaulsac pa-seqi ewodeba,<br />
iseve, rogorc ebraul paseqs, savsebiT cxadia, rom es aris ori erTmaneTisagan<br />
arsebiTad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis dRe, rogoric, magaliTad, Zveli aRTqmis<br />
ergasis (ormocdaaTianobis) dResaswauli da axali aRTqmis ormocdaaTianobis<br />
dResaswauli - sulTmofenoba anu martvilia, romelic macxovris aRdgomidan<br />
ormocdameaTe dRes aRsrulda.<br />
ebraelebi paseqis Semdeg ormocdameaTe dRes aRniSnaven sinas mTaze<br />
uflis mier moses meSveobiT rjulis miRebas. am dResaswaulze ierusalimSi<br />
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan Camodiodnen ebraelebi, romlebic, bunebrivia,<br />
im qveynebis enebzec laparakobdnen, romelSic uxdebodaT cxovreba. isini<br />
cxovrobdnen berZnul qalaqebSi, siriaSi, sparseTSi, kabadokiaSi, egviptesa da<br />
kviprosze.<br />
ufali ieso qriste aRdgomis Semdeg meormoce dRes amaRlda, man daubara<br />
mociqulebs, ar gaSorebodnen ierusalims, vinaidan maTze suli<strong>wminda</strong> unda<br />
gadmosuliyo: `rameTu ioane naTel-scemda wyliTa, xolo Tquen naTel-iRoT<br />
suliTa wmidiTa ara mravalTa amaT dReTa Semdgomad~ (saqme, 1.5). rodesac<br />
RvTismSobeli mariami, mociqulebi da qristes sxva mowafeebi ormocdaaTianobis<br />
dResaswaulze sionis qoxSi Seikribnen, cecxlovani enebis saxiT maTze<br />
suli<strong>wminda</strong> gadmovida da `aRivsnen, yovelni suliTa wmidiTa da iwyes sityuad<br />
ucxoTa enaTa, viTarca suli igi miscemda maT sityuad~ (saqme, 2.4). suliwmidis<br />
gardamosvlis Semdgom mociqulebma sxvadasxva enaze iwyes metyveleba, ramac
sayovelTao gakvirveba gamoiwvia. maT icodnen, rom mociqulebi uswavlelni<br />
iyvnen da ver gaegoT Tu ra Zalis moqmedebis Sedegi iyo maTi ametyveleba im<br />
qveynebis enebze, saidanac isini iyvnen Camosulni. rogorc luka ma-xarebeli<br />
gadmogvcems: `ganhkrTes yovelni da daukÂrda erTsa-erTisa Tana da ityodes:<br />
anu ara ese yovelni ariana, romelni ityÂan, galilevel? da viTar Cuen guesmis<br />
kacad-kacadsa TÂsi sityuaÁ Cueni maTgan, romelni varT parTni da midni uJikni<br />
da elamitelni da mkÂdrni Sua mdinarisani, huriastanisani da kabadukiaÁsani,<br />
pontoÁsni da asiaÁsani, frigÂaÁsani da pamfÂlisani, egÂptisani da adgilisa<br />
lubiisani, kÂrniT kerZoni da mosrulni hromni, huriani da mwirni, kritelni da<br />
arabielni, guesmis, ityÂan raÁ CueniTa eniTa didebasa RmrTisasa?!~ (saqme, 2.7-<br />
11). maT gaocebas pasuxi wmida petre mociqulma gasca, romelmac iq SekrebilT<br />
uqadaga macxovris gankaceba, misi jvarcma da mkvdreTiT aRdgoma. man<br />
sinanulisa da naTlisRebisken mouwoda Tavis TvistomT, rac imiT dasrulda,<br />
rom im dRes sami aTasi adamiani moinaTla.<br />
ierusalimidan qristianuli moZRvreba mTel msoflios moefina. qristes<br />
mier dafuZnebuli <strong>wminda</strong> eklesia mociqulebma qveynierebis kidiT-kidemde<br />
ganavrces. maT gadaitanes uamravi damcireba, Seuracxyofa, devna-Seviwroeba<br />
rogorc iudevelebisgan, aseve warmarTebisgan, magram bolomde erTgulni<br />
rCebodnen im WeSmariti rwmenisa, romelic maT uflisgan miecaT. uwmidesi<br />
saeklesio moZRvreba eklesiis wiaRSi daunjda, rogorc macxovnebeli da<br />
ganmaRmrTobeli, ukvdavi codna. qristes eklesiisadmi udidesi<br />
Tavdadeba naTlad warmoCnda mociqulTa moRvaweobaSi, romlebmac sakuTari<br />
sicocxlis fasad daamowmes marTlmadideblobis WeSmariteba. swored<br />
mociqulTa mier daedo saTave saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis aRsrulebas, uwmides<br />
liturgias, romelSic,<br />
iseve, rogorc wmida werilsa da saeklesio `did sjuliskanonSi~, vlindeba<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ucTomeloba.<br />
v. <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gadmosvla<br />
aRdgomis wina did SabaTs <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvla uflis saflavze<br />
marTlmadidebluri rwmenis WeSmaritebis damadasturebeli erT-erTi<br />
umniSvnelovanesi saswaulia, iseve, rogorc Taboris mTaze feriscvalebisas<br />
Rrublis gardamosvla da naTlisRebisas mdinare iordanis SeCereba da<br />
aRmasvla. samive es saswauli iuliusis kalendris mixedviT aResruleba, rac<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani argumentia saeklesio cxovrebaSi, e.w. Zveli stilis<br />
upiratesobis. Zvel stilze imyofeba ierusalimis, ruseTis, serbeTisa da<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiebi, aTonisa da sinas mTa, aseve konstantinepolis, eladis,<br />
CexeTisa da slovakeTis marTlmadidebel samrevloTa nawili.<br />
ratom xdeba es saswauli marTlmadideblur aRdgomaze? rogorc amas<br />
ierusalimSi ruseTis sasuliero misiis xelmZRvaneli, arqimandriti elise<br />
acxadebs, ierusalimis marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis zedmiwevniT icavs<br />
samociqulo tradicias da Sesabamisad, yvela dResaswaulis, maT Soris -<br />
aRdgomis, aRniSvnis Jams.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
2005 wlis saSobao epistoleSi exeba Zveli da axali stilis sakiTxs da wers:
`dReisaTvis ar arsebobs axal kalendarTan dakavSirebiT msoflio eklesiis<br />
saerTo-sayovelTao SeTanxmeba da misi saTanado dasabuTeba. amitomac amgvari<br />
novacia damRupvel zians moutans Cveni eklesiis erTobas (risi magaliTebic<br />
sxvagan araerTi gvaqvs), rac aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT.<br />
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom I msoflio saeklesio krebis ganCinebiT, aRdgoma<br />
idResaswauleba gazafxulis buniaobis da iudevelTa paseqis Semdeg. Zveli<br />
stili mtkiced icavs am dadgenilebas, maSin, rodesac grigorianuli kalendriT<br />
es dResaswauli zogjer emTxveva iudevelTa paseqs, an win uswrebs mas, rac<br />
dauSvebelia da msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebis uxeSi darRvevaa.<br />
saerTod, kalendris sakiTxi advilad gansasjeli ar aris. kargad wers<br />
netari avgustine: `me vici, ra aris dro, rodesac amis Sesaxeb ar mekiTxebian,<br />
xolo rodesac mekiTxebian, rac ufro mets vfiqrob, miT ufro miZneldeba<br />
zusti pasuxis gacema~.<br />
ra Tqma unda, damcvelebi mravlad eyoleba rogorc axali, ise Zveli<br />
stilis mimdevarT da isini Seecdebian, daamtkicon sakuTari poziciis<br />
marTebuloba, magram aris ramdenime iseTi umniSvnelovanesi movlena, rac,<br />
vfiqrobT, yvelasTvis mravlismTqmelia:<br />
a) yovel wels ierusalimSi, Zveli stiliT, aRdgomis wina dRes, macxovris<br />
saflavze mxolod marTlmadidebeli patriarqis locviT zecidan gardamodis<br />
RvTaebrivi cecxli, rac naTeli dadasturebaa rogorc iuliusis kalendris,<br />
ise marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebisa.<br />
b) yovel 19 agvistos (Zv. stiliT 6 agvistos) RamiT, feriscvalebis<br />
dResaswaulze, ierusalimSi, Taboris mTaze, zafxulis yvelaze<br />
mcxunvare dros, Cndeba Rrubeli, romelic wirvis damTavrebamde faravs<br />
morwmuneT da axsenebs maT I saukuneSi aq aRsrulebul erT-erT udides<br />
saswauls.<br />
g) yovel 19 ianvars (Zv. stiliT 6 ianvari), ieso qristes naTlisRebis da<br />
wyalkurTxevis dResaswaulze, <strong>wminda</strong> mdinare iordaneSi ierusalimis<br />
patriarqis mier warmoTqmuli locvisas: `da marTlukun iqca iordane~, mdinare<br />
wuTierad, marTlac, ukusvlas iwyebs. am saswaulis sanaxavad mravali morwmune<br />
Cadis sxvadasxva qveynidan.~<br />
meore saukuneSi ierusalimis episkoposs, narkises, litaniobaze<br />
kandelebSi zeTi gamolevia da isini siloamis wyarodan motanili wyliT<br />
SeuvsiaT. moxda saswauli da wyliT savse yvela kandeli ainTo <strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxlisagan.<br />
rodesac bizantiis imperatori, <strong>wminda</strong> Teodosi didi, 395 wels<br />
ierusalims farulad estumra da uflis saflavi moiloca, <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli<br />
aseve yvela kandelze gadmovida. am droidan moyolebuli, <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli yovel<br />
wels did SabaTs gadmodis uflis saflavze da anTebs kandelebs.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvla arc arabebis batonobis dros Sewyvetila,<br />
rasac Tavad arabi istorikosebi aRweren... laTineli beri bernardi 865 wels<br />
werda: `<strong>wminda</strong> SabaTs, romelic aRdgomis wina dRea, dilis wirva adre iwyeba<br />
da misi damTavrebisas mRerian `ufalo, Semiwyale~-s manam, sanam angelozis<br />
mosvliT saflavze dakidebul kandelebSi sinaTle ar inTeba~.<br />
jvarosnebis xanaSi ierusalimis episkoposad kaTolike daniSnes, rodesac<br />
episkoposma da laTinelma samRvdeloebam, mefisa da didebulebis TanxlebiT,<br />
scades <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis miReba, mravalsaaTiani lodinisa da `ufalo,
Semiwyales~ galobis miuxedavad, wm. cecxli ar gardamodioda. samRvdeloebam,<br />
mefe boduen pirvelis monawileobiT, didi msvleloba moawyo. mxolod taZridan<br />
maTi gasvlis Semdeg gardamovida cecxli <strong>wminda</strong> saflavze. vinaidan am<br />
periodSi marTlmadideblebs Tavisi patriarqi ierusalimSi ar<br />
hyavdaT, wm. cecxli saba ganwmendilis lavris winamZRvrisa da sxva<br />
marTlmadidebeli ierarqebis sanTlebze gardamodioda. SemdgomSi kaTolikeebma<br />
saerTod Sewyvites wm. cecxlis gardamosvlis saswaulze daswreba, Tumca<br />
calkeuli laTini morwmune modis dResaswaulze sanTlebis dasanTebad.<br />
meTormete saukunis ingliseli JamTaRmwereli, gotier vinisoufi,<br />
mogviTxrobs, rom, rodesac muslimebma, salax-ad-dinis meTaurobiT, 1187 w.<br />
daipyres ierusalimi, sulTanma moisurva <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis<br />
gardamosvlaze daswreba. man Sesamowmeblad sagangebod samjer Caaqrobina<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> cecxliT anTebuli lampari da, mesamedac rom ainTo cecxli,<br />
gaocebulma sulTanma Sehyvira: “uwin movkvdebi, vidre ierusalims davTmobo”.<br />
Mmisi winaswarmetyveleba gamarTlda Semdgom did marxvaze sulTani<br />
gardaicvala.<br />
ierusalimis eklesiis gadmocemiT, is dRe, rodesac <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli ar<br />
gardamova, ukanaskneli iqneba kacobriobisaTvis. sikvdili, ngreva da omebi<br />
daimkvidrebs deda<strong>miwaze</strong>. (aseTive gadmocemebi arsebobs sxva qristianul<br />
saswaulebzec: mdinare iordanes aRmasvlaze marTlmadidebluri naTlisRebis<br />
dRes, Taboris mTaze Rrublis daSvebaze feriscvalebis dResaswaulze,<br />
mravalsaukunovani mamris muxis totebis gamwvanebaze- Tuki es saswaulebi ar<br />
moxda, muxa mokvda), amitomac elian aseTi gansakuTrebuli molodiniT<br />
morwmuneni <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlas. did SabaTs uflis saflavis taZari<br />
dilidanve ivseba morwmuneebiT. yvelaze metad adgilobrivi arabi<br />
marTlmadidebeli qristianebi gamoxataven sixaruls, romlebic,<br />
xelixelCakidebulni, garSemo uvlian <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis samlocvelos (romelic<br />
taZris centrSi mdebareobs da sadac uflis saflavia ganlagebuli-ixileT<br />
taZris gegma danarTSi “fotogalerea”) da didi xmiT amboben: `ufalo,<br />
Segviwyalen~ da ,,ar aris sxva WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, garda marTlmadidebeli<br />
sarwmunoebisa~. maTi xmamaRali SeZaxilebi garkveul ukmayofilebas iwvevs<br />
momlocvelebSi, magram maT amgvar qmedebas mravalsaukunovani tradicia gaaCnia<br />
(cnobilia, rom maT es ufleba Tavis droze arabi xalifis sagangebo firmaniT<br />
moipoves). wesrigs israelis policia da sajariso formirebebi amyareben,<br />
rogorc es adre Turq jariskacebs evalebodaT.<br />
diliT, <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlamde, uflis saflavis samlocvelo<br />
zedmiwevniT yuradRebiT mowmdeba, raTa yvela darwmundes, rom iq araferia<br />
Setanili cecxlis dasanTebad. Aamis Semdeg samlocvelo iluqeba taZris<br />
mcvelebis mier. Ysxva qristianuli konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi yuradRebiT<br />
akvirdebian proceduras im imediT, rom Tuki is CaiSleba da cecxli ar<br />
gardamova berZeni patriarqis sanTlebze, isini SeZleben momavalSi Caenacvlon<br />
marTlmadideblebs da Tavad miiRon <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli. Semowmeba iwyeba dilis 10<br />
saaTze da mTavrdeba 11 saaTze.<br />
cecxlis gardamosvlis ceremonia iwyeba 12 saaTze da sami etapisagan<br />
Sedgeba: litanioba, patriarqis Sesvla <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis salocavSi da<br />
patriarqis locva <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlaze. SuadRes patriarqi<br />
sasuliero pirebisa da mowveuli stumrebis TanxlebiT Semodis taZarSi. Aaqve
Tavs iyrian sxva konfesiebis, somexTa, koptebis, eTiopelebis, sirielebis<br />
patriarqebi da maTi Tanmxlebi pirebi. yvela Semosuli Uuwinaresad emTxveva<br />
zeTiscxebis lods da Semdeg uflis saflavis samlocvelosaken miemarTeba. Aaq<br />
yvela konfesiis warmomadgenels, maT Soris mrevlsac, Tavisi adgili aqvs<br />
gamoyofili dasadgomad.Aam dros ganuwyvetliv rekaven zarebi. sapatio<br />
stumrebi - saxelmwifo delegaciebis xelmZR<br />
vanelebi, israelis mTavrobisa da diplomatiuri korpusis warmomadgenlebi<br />
adgils samlocvelos win ganlagebul or tribunaze ikaveben. esec Zveli<br />
tradiciaa da arabi emirebisagan modis. saukuneebis win wm. cecxlis<br />
gardamosvlas ierusalimis amira (gubernatori) eswreboda da metic, cecxlis<br />
gardamosvlis drois mixedviT muslimebi im wlis mosavlis prognozsac ki<br />
akeTebdnen! berZenTa patriarqis Semosvlis win gamoaqvT taZris lamprebi, raTa<br />
Tavidan aanTon isini <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlidan.<br />
ceremoniis dawyebamde marTmadidebeli patriarqi taZris Sida<br />
Sesasvlelidan Sedis wm. iakobis eklesiaSi, sadac mas uaxlovdebian da xelze<br />
amboriT miesalmebian sxva konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi. vinaidan maT, vinc<br />
marTlmadidebel patriarqs xelze ar eamboreba, ara aqvT ufleba misi xelidan<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> cecxli miiRon. Aamis Semdeg iwyeba litanioba. patriarqi samjer uvlis<br />
wres <strong>wminda</strong> saflavs da SesasvlelTan Cerdeba. Kkarebidan luqi ixsneba,<br />
patriarqi ganimoseba da mxolod mRvdlis TeTri perangis amara rCeba. Semdeg<br />
ierusalimis policiis warmomadgeneli sajarod Cxreks patriarqs, raTa yvela<br />
darwmundes, rom mas asanTi ara aqvs damaluli. Aamis Semdeg marTlmadidebeli<br />
patriarqi Sedis uflis saflavis samlocveloSi. Mmas somexTa patriarqi<br />
misdevs, magram is samlocvelos pirvel oTaxSi, e.w. angelozis samxreSi rCeba<br />
da macxovris saflavze marTlmadidebeli patriarqi marto Sedis. Aam dros<br />
taZarSi yvela lampari da sinaTle qreba.<br />
Ppatriarqi muxlmodrekili loculobs da evedreba ufals ,<strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxli moavlinos adamianTa gansawmedad. taZarSi iwyeba TeTri da cisferi<br />
sinaTleebis cimcimi, TiTqos AaTasobiT fotoganaTeba CairTo.<br />
ceremoniis dawyebamde ierusalimis marTlmadidebeli patriarqi, dilis<br />
wirvis Semdeg Tavis rezidenciaSi sapatio<br />
stumrebsa da samTavrobo delegaciebs iRebs. 2003 wels man miiRo saberZneTis<br />
delegacia, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilis xelmZRvanelobiT, ruseTis<br />
delegacia, moskovis meris, iuri luJkovis xelmZRvanelobiT da saqarTvelos<br />
delegacia, romelsac me<br />
vxemZRvanelobdi. patriarqma didi pativiT migviRo <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> da <strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxlis gardamosvlis msaxurebaze Tavis `amalaSi~ migviwvia. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>sadmi<br />
patriarqis aseTi damokidebuleba orive mxarisaTvis friad sasargeblo<br />
aRmoCnda. erTi mxriv, <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> taZarSi saberZneTis patriarqTan erTad<br />
SevediT da sapatio adgili davikaveT, piradad misgan miviReT <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli da<br />
SevZeliT mTeli es msaxureba firze gadagveRo da Semdeg saqarTveloSi<br />
televiziiT gveCvenebina. warmoidgineT, rom Cveni jgufis erT nawils, romelic<br />
ar eswreboda patriarqTan miRebas, gauWirda taZarSi moxvedra da ramdenime<br />
kaci saerTod taZris gareT darCa. meore mxriv, qarTvelebma, vinaidan Cvens<br />
delegaciaSi, uflis gangebiT prezident SevardnaZis dacvis sami yofili<br />
TanamSromeli, maT Soris dacvis yofili ufrosi - Temur ZiZiguri - aRmoCnda,<br />
SevZeliT berZeni patriarqis dacvis uzurnvelyofa (manamde masmxolod ori
kaci icavda da taZarSi viTarebis gamwvavebisas isini veRar uzrunvelyofdnen<br />
mis usafrTxoebas. mdgomareoba ki Zalzed gamwvavebuli iyo, vinaidan<br />
saukuneebis manZilze somexi monofizitebi marTlmadideblebs ecilebian <strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxlis miRebis pativs).<br />
ierusalimeli somxebi dResac gaafTrebiT ebrZvian marTlmadideblebs<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis miRebis pativisaTvis. aseTi mcdeloba hqondaT maT 2001 wels,<br />
xanSiSesuli berZeni patriarqis, diodorosis, avadmyofobisas, da 2002 wels,<br />
axali patriarqis, irineosis, dros. saqme patriarqisaTvis anTebuli sanTlebis<br />
gamoglejis mcdelobamdec ki mivida.<br />
rogorc mogaxseneT, uSualod uflis saflavis adgilas mxolod berZeni<br />
patriarqi Sedis da mas gamoaqvs <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli. somexTa patriarqi misi<br />
sanTlebidan iRebs zeciur cecxls. angelozis samxris patara sarkmlidan<br />
somexi patriarqi monofi-<br />
zitebs (somxebs, eTiopielebs, koptebs da sirielebs) awvdis cecxls, xolo<br />
berZeni patriarqi ki - marTlmadideblebs. 2003 wels somexTa patriarqma<br />
moiTxova uflis saflavis adgilze Sesvla, razedac patriarqi irineosisagan<br />
mtkice uari miiRo. uflis<br />
saflavis mTavarma mcvelma (im arabuli ojaxis warmomadgenelma, visac<br />
tradiciebisamebr, uflis saflavis gasaRebi abaria), ibragim abu daCim<br />
ganacxada, rom Tuki wels somexTa patriarqi uflis saflavze Sesvlis<br />
uflebas miiRebda, maSin momaval wels is aucileblad moiTxovda uflebas<br />
Tavad, da ara marTlmadidebeli patriarqis xelidan, mieRo <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli.<br />
amitomac mdgomareoba taZarSi imdenad daZabuli iyo, rom israelis policiam<br />
sagangebo zomebi miiRo konfliqtis Tavidan asacileblad. wiTel paraskevs,<br />
RamiT gamarTul TaTbirze, taZris mTavari mcvelis mtkicebiT, ganixileboda<br />
taZarSi momlocvelTa raodeobis TiToeuli konfesiidan 150 kacamde SezRudvis<br />
winadadeba (aseT SemTxvevaSi Cvengan 1-2 kaci Tu moxvdeboda SigniT, imitom rom<br />
marTlmadidebelTa kvotaSi iqauri arabebis garda, berZnebi, rusebi, serbebi,<br />
ruminelebi, bulgarelebi da sxva marTlmadideblebi unda moxvedriliyvnen).<br />
sabednierod, es gadawyvetileba ar miiRes da taZarSi ubralod usafrTxoebis<br />
zomebi gaamkacres. policiis kordonebi iafos WiSkridan iwyeboda. somxebi<br />
sastikad gaRizianebulni iyvnen da sul konfliqtur situaciebs qmnidnen. erTerTma<br />
rusulma marTlmadideblurma gazeTma `blagovestma~ mogvianebiT dawera:<br />
`ra gaRizianebiT gviyurebdnen im dRes somexi mRvdlebi da mrevlic ki! rogor<br />
undodaT, rom maTi, da ara marTlmadidebeli patriarqi, gamosuliyo<br />
kuvukliidan (uflis saflavis samlocvelos berZnuli dasaxeleba) <strong>wminda</strong><br />
cecxliT xelSi.~ ai, aseT pirobebSi mouwiaT berZeni patriarqis dacva qarTvel<br />
biWebs da maT es ise gaakeTes, rom aseT WyletaSi verc erTi adamiani ver<br />
miekara patriarqs! SeuZlebelia, ar vaxsenoT qarTveli palestineli beris<br />
ambavi, romelmac me-5 saukuneSi martom daicva marTlmadidebluri monasteri<br />
300 eretikosisagan da Tavisi sicocxlis fasad monasteri - ganadgurebas da<br />
berebi Caqolvas gadaarCina.<br />
konfliqturi situacia welsac aucileblad gagrZeldeba da yvela<br />
mlocveli Zalian frTxilad unda iyos. somexma patriarqma 2005 wels israelis<br />
samarTlianobis uzenaes sasamarTloSi iCivla, raTa misTvis ufleba miecaT,<br />
Sesuliyo <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlisas uflis saflavSi da Tavisi<br />
sanTlebi Tavad daenTo. sasamarTlo ar Caeria konfesiaTaSoris davaSi. man
mxolod policiasa da specsamsaxurebs daavala wesrigis dacvis<br />
gansakuTrebuli zomebis miReba.<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlisas somxebisa da marTl-<br />
madideblebis es dava, rogorc aRvniSneT, saukuneebi grZeldeba. gadmocemiT,<br />
rasac sxva wyaroebic adastureben, meTeqvsmete saukuneSi somxebs ierusalimis<br />
amira mousyidiaT, raTa mas marTlmadidebeli patriarqi eklesiaSi ar SeeSva<br />
da es <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli somex patriarqs gamoetana. amiram marTlac ar SeuSva<br />
eklesiaSi marTlmadideblebi, romlebic eklesiis gareT icdidnen, somexi<br />
patriarqi ki uflis saflavis samlocveloSi Sevida. magram <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli ar<br />
gardamovida monofizitTa sanTlebze. metic, saSineli xmauriT gaangria<br />
eklesiis karibWis sveti da gareT mdgomi marTlmadidebeli patriarqis<br />
sanTlebze gardamovida. am saswaulis danaxvaze maRal koSkSi mjdarma amiram<br />
xelebi aRmarTa, daiZaxa: `didia RmerTi qristianeTa~, da koSkidan gadmoxta.<br />
moxda meore saswauli da gaqristianebuli amira uvnebeli gadaurCa am<br />
simaRlidan dacemas. muslimebma amira rjulis SecvlisaTvis sikvdiliT<br />
dasajes, qristianebma ki <strong>wminda</strong>nad Seracxes. Mmisi <strong>wminda</strong> nawilebi dRemde<br />
ierusalimis RvTismSoblis monasterSia daculi.<br />
mdgomareobas amwvavebs isic, rom 2005 wels ierusalimis sapatriarqos wm.<br />
sinodma gadaayena patriarqi irineosi da axali patriarqi-Teofile airCia;<br />
magram Tavad irineosi am gadayenebas ukanonod miiCnevs da mis momxreebTan<br />
erTad sinodis am gadawyvetilebas ar cnobs. am davam SeiZleba Tavi iCinos wm.<br />
cecxlis gardamosvilisas, Tuki patriarqi irineosi da misi momxreebi<br />
eklesiaSi da metic, wm. saflavis samlocveloSi Sesvlas Seecdebian. erTi<br />
sityviT, qarTvel piligrimebs sifrTxilis gamoCena marTebT, raTa Tavi<br />
aaridon yvela SesaZlo dapirispirebas.<br />
erTi konkretuli rekomendaciac jvris gzaze msvlelobaSi<br />
monawileebisaTvis - wiTel paraskevs yvela marTlmadidebeli piligrimi<br />
msvlelobas awyobs im gziT, romliTac mxrebze jvarmokidebuli ieso qriste<br />
golgoTaze avida da galobs: `jvarsa Sensa Tayvans vcemT, meufeo, da <strong>wminda</strong>sa<br />
aRdgomasa Sensa vugalobT da vadidebT~. sasurvelia am msvlelobis dros<br />
saqarTvelos droSebi gvqondes, jvrebis SeZena ki ierusalimSic SeiZleba<br />
(axali qarTuli droSa Zalian waagavs im xuTjvrian droSas, romelsac<br />
ierusalimis droSa hqvia). suvenirebad ierusalimis patara droSebis SeZenac<br />
SesaZlebelia. gvaxsovdes isic, rom macxovris saflavi is erTaderTi adgilia<br />
mTel msoflioSi, sadac an saflavis lodze, an ze<br />
Tiscxebis lodze (taZris SesasvlelSia ganTavsebuli) dadebuli sanTeli,<br />
jvari da xati, mRvdlisagan kurTxevas aRar saWiroebs. amaze <strong>wminda</strong> adgili<br />
msoflioSi ar arsebobs. amitomac, SegiZliaT ierusalimSi nebismier<br />
marTlmadideblur maRaziaSi (Greek Orthodox- `grik orTodoqs~ _ ase eZaxian<br />
marTlmadideblur eklesias) nayidi patara jvrebi, xatebi da sanTlebi iqve,<br />
macxovris saflavis eklesiaSi, Tavadve akurTxoT da ise CamoutanoT saCuqrad<br />
Tqvens megobrebsa Tu naTesavebs.<br />
rac Seexeba aRdgomaze kvercxebis SeRebvas, es ufro farTod ruseTsa da<br />
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Cvevaa, Tumca, saeklesio tradiciiT, mariam<br />
magdalinelTan aris dakavSirebuli. gadmocemiT, <strong>wminda</strong> mariam magdalineli<br />
romSi estumra imperator tiberiuss qristianobis saqadageblad da, vinaidan<br />
imperatorTan stumrobisas misTvis, imdroindeli Cveulebisamebr, raime saCuqari
unda mieZRvna, <strong>wminda</strong>nma mas ubralo qaTmis kvercxi miarTva. imperatorma ar<br />
irwmuna qristes mkvdreTiT aRdgoma da SesZaxa: es iseve dauSvebelia, rogorc<br />
es kvercxi uceb gawiTldeso. imperatoris Tvalwinve moxda saswauli - kvercxi<br />
gawiTlda, riTac kvlavac dadasturda qristianuli rwmenis WeSmariteba.<br />
aqve unda aRvniSno, rom rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia ierusalimSi<br />
didi siyvaruliT eqceva qarTvelebs. Ppirveli qarTuli jvriswera SarSan<br />
swored rusul wm.samebis sakaTedro taZarSi Caatara mama ilia nasiZem.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom am taZris iataki ierusalimis jvris monastris qvis<br />
sabadodan motanili feradi qvebiTaa dagebuli. Tumca ierusalimis patriarqi,<br />
romelmac nefe-patarZali daloca, Segvpirda, rom momavalSi <strong>qarTvelebi</strong><br />
jvrisweras da naTlobas pirdapir jvris monasterSi Seasruleben. gornenskis<br />
qalTa rusuli monasteri, romelic ierusalimTan axlos, el-keremTan, bibliur<br />
TianeTSi (amitomac hqvia rusulad “gornenski”), im <strong>wminda</strong> adgilas mdebareobs,<br />
sadac RvTismSobeli mariami Tavis naTesavs, ioane naTlismcemelis dedas - wm.<br />
elisabeds Sexvda da dahyo masTan sami Tve. Tu politikuri viTarebis<br />
gamwvavebis gamo ver moxvdebiT beTlemis dedaTa qarTul monasterSi,<br />
merwmuneT, rom rusi dedebi da iRumenia deda georgia didi siyvaruliT<br />
miiReben yvela qarTvel momlocvels.<br />
am sityvebiT vamTavrebdi am wignis pirvel, 2006 wlis gamocemas. wels ki<br />
didi sixaruliT vamateb, rom Tu beTlemSi ver moxvdiT, uflis wyalobiT, aw<br />
ukve lodSi, <strong>wminda</strong> giorgis qalaqSi, gaxsnil qarTul saxlSi TqvenTvis karebi<br />
yovelTvis Riaa.<br />
qriste aRdga!<br />
danarTebi:<br />
danarTi 1. Tanamedrove israelis Sesaxeb<br />
Tanamedrove israelis saxelmwifo 1948 wlis 14 maiss Seiqmna gaeros 1947<br />
wlis gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze. am gadawyvetilebiT, didi britaneTis<br />
mandatis qveS myofi palestina unda gayofiliyo or - ebraul da arabul –<br />
saxelmwifod, xolo ierusalimi - gaeros marTvis qveS myof calke<br />
administraciul erTeulad. mas Semdeg mimdinareobs arabul-ebrauli<br />
konfliqti, romelic oTx did omSi gadaizarda. sabWoTa kavSiri arabebs<br />
uWerda mxars, xolo aSS _ israels. 1980 wels ierusalimi israelis mudmiv da<br />
ganuyofel dedaqalaqad gamocxadda. konfliqtis daregulirebis realuri Sansi<br />
gaCnda amerikuli gegmis, e.w. `sagzao ruqis~, mixedviT, rasac aqtiurad uWerda<br />
mxars mahmud abasis palestinuri administraciac. arCevnebze `hamasis~<br />
gamarjvebis Semdeg mdgomareoba kvlav ukiduresad daiZaba.<br />
ruseTi cdilobs daibrunos sabWoTa kavSiris, anu saerTaSoriso<br />
zesaxelmwifos poziciebi da kvlavac palestinelebs uWers mxars.<br />
saqarTvelo aqtiurad TanamSromlobs israelTan da amitomac TurqeTTan,<br />
iordaniasTan da azerbaijanTan erTad xSirad ganixileba mis axlo aRmosavlur
mokavSireTa siaSi, gansxvavebiT somxeTis, iranisa da siriisa, romlebic<br />
ruseTTan da saberZneTTan erTad sapirispiro TanamSromlobis alians qmnian.<br />
regionis feTqebadsaSiSi mdgomareoba, cxadia, mTel msoflioze<br />
moqmedebs. pirveli `navTobSoki,~ gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi mohyva arabeTisraelis<br />
oms. navTobis fasi 6-jer – 2-dan 12 dolaramde – gaizarda, ramac erT<br />
dReSi benzinis fasi aSS-Si 25 centidan erT dolaramde aswia. dRes erayis<br />
omisa da gansakuTrebiT, iranis (romelsac erayze orjer meti navTobi aqvs)<br />
krizisis fonze navTobis fasma rekordul fass _ 70 dolars miaRwia. wels<br />
mniSvnelovani dacemis Semdeg fasebma isev momateba daiwyes.<br />
amJamad israelis mosaxleoba daaxloebiT 6.5 milionia, maTgan 80%-mde<br />
ebraeli, xolo 15%-mde arabia. 1948 wels mTels qveyanaSi 800 aTasamde adamiani<br />
cxovrobda, aqedan – 650 aTasi ebraeli, rac msoflio ebraelebis sul 6%-s<br />
Seadgenda. dRes es cifri TiTqmis 40%-s aRwevs. palestinis avtonomiis<br />
mosaxleoba, oficialuri monacemebiT, 3.4 milioni adamiania, Tumca aSS-s da<br />
israels es monacemebi, daaxloebiT, 40%-iT gadaWarbebulad miaCnia (dotaciebis<br />
gasazrdelad da politikuri vaWrobisaTvis).<br />
israelis ebraelTa saagentos monacemebiT, msoflioSi sul 12.9 milioni<br />
ebraelia. aqedan israelsa da aSS-Si, TiToeulSi, daaxloebiT, 5.2 milioni<br />
cxovrobs, safrangeTsa da dsT-s qveynebSi, - daaxloebiT, naxevar-naxevari milioni.<br />
dRes sabWoTa kavSiridan israelSi gadasul ebraelTa raodenoba milions<br />
aRemateba da israelis ebraelobis TiTqmis<br />
20%-s Seadgens. gadasulebSi bevria araebraelic - daaxloebiT, 200 aTasi<br />
eTnikurad rusebi arian.<br />
saqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom 2002 wels gamarTul israelis rabinTa<br />
yovelwliur Sexvedraze orma mTavarma rabinma, aSkenazebisam (evropis,<br />
CrdiloeT amerikisa da avstraliidan gamosuli ebraelebi) da sefardebisam<br />
(espaneTis, bulgareTis, saberZneTisa da Crdilo afrikis arabuli da sxva<br />
qveynebidan gamosulebi), erToblivad moiTxoves imigraciis Sesaxeb kanonis<br />
gamkacreba. ebraeli orTodoqsebis gancxadebiT, rusebma mxolod Tel-avivSi 50mde<br />
Roris xorcis maRazia gaxsnes, ar swavloben ebraul enas, ar icaven<br />
religiur wesebs da a.S.<br />
rusulenovani diaspora erT-erTi yvelaze ganaTlebuli iyo israelSi,<br />
magram TandaTan, israelSi ganaTlebis dasavluri standartebis SemoRebasa da<br />
inglisuri enis sayovelTao gavrcelebasTan erTad, is kargavs am sferoSi<br />
Tavis poziciebs. Tumca, ukanasknel saparlamento arCevnebze rusulenovan<br />
ebraelTa politikurma blokma - `israeli Cemi saxlia~- did warmatebas miaRwia<br />
da 12 deputati gaiyvana.<br />
rac Seexeba qarTvel ebraelebs, isini kargad SeeTvisnen israelis<br />
sazogadoebas da maTi poziciebi biznesSi sagrZnoblad Zlierdeba. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT exeba axalgazrda Taobas, romelic israelSi daibada da dRes<br />
bevri maTgani warCinebuli biznesmenia. maT uyvarT saqarTvelo, inarCuneben<br />
qarTul enasa da tradiciebs. rac Zalzed mniSvnelovania, maT aqtiurad daiwyes<br />
biznesSi CarTva saqarTveloSi, CamoaqvT ra israelSi SeZenili kapitali da<br />
gamocdileba. Ddideba ufals da mSvidoba saqarTvelosa da israels! Aamin.
danarTi 2<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> ierusalimSi (mokle istoriuli tabula)<br />
M<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
religia<br />
33-326<br />
warmarToba<br />
326-638<br />
marTlmadi-<br />
debloba<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
kuTvnileba<br />
romis<br />
imperia<br />
(warmarTuli)<br />
marTlmadideblobis statusi da<br />
qarTvelTa mdgomareoba<br />
marTlmadidebloba devnili religiaa<br />
qristianTa devna da wameba, qristianuli<br />
siwmindeebis ganadgureba. 136w. romis<br />
imperatorma adrianem ierusalims `eliakapitolia~<br />
daarqva da <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebze<br />
romauli panTeonis RmerTebis (kerpebis)<br />
salocavebi aago.<br />
amavdroulad palestinidan qristianobam mTel<br />
romis imperiasa da mezobel qveynebSi, maT<br />
Soris saqarTveloSi, daiwyo gavrceleba. iberia<br />
RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana gaxda,<br />
mcxeTaSi uflis kvarTi CamoabrZanes,<br />
mociqulebma - andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon<br />
kananelma, mataTam – iqadages saqarTveloSi,<br />
Camoasvenes RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xati<br />
(awyuris RvTismSobeli) da daa-<br />
fuZnes qarTuli samociqulo marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia. ierusalimidan qarTlSi Semosulma<br />
kabadokielma<br />
qalwulma, mociqulTasworma ninom, qristes<br />
rjulze moaqcia saqarTvelo.<br />
.<br />
bizantia marTlmadidebloba saxelmwifo<br />
religiaa<br />
taZrebis, eklesia-monastrebis mSenebloba,<br />
momlocvelobis (piligrimobis) dawyeba <strong>wminda</strong><br />
<strong>miwaze</strong>.<br />
mociqulTa swor wm. elenes mier golgoTasTan<br />
Camarxuli uflis<br />
patiosani jvris mopoveba. Aarsebobs gadmocema,<br />
rom jvari dedofals iqve mcxovrebma qarTvelebma<br />
moaZebnines. Uuflis saflavis eklesiis aSeneba.<br />
qarTuli koloniisa da pirveli qarTuli<br />
eklesia-monastrebis dafuZneba palestinaSi. petre<br />
iberisa da ioane lazis moRvaweoba. eklesiuri<br />
tradiciiT, mefe mirianisaTvis imperator
638-1099<br />
islami<br />
arabTa<br />
saxalifo<br />
konstantines mier jvris monastris<br />
asaSeneblad ierusalimTan adgilis gamoyofa da<br />
<strong>vaxtang</strong> gorgaslis (502w.) mier iq jvris monastris<br />
aSeneba, monastris dasacavad qarTuli mxedrobis<br />
dasaxleba da sofel `vardis-Reles~ (malqa)<br />
daarseba, romlis mkvidrTac saukuneebis manZilze<br />
axsovdaT qarTuli warmomavloba iseverogorc<br />
sinas mTaze wm. ekaterines monastris dacvisaTvis<br />
iq Casaxlebul da Semdeg gamuslimebul<br />
qarTvelebs.<br />
614 wels ierusalimi warmarTma sparselebma<br />
daipyres da gaZarcves. maT macxovris patiosani<br />
jvaric gaitanes ierusalimidan. Mmxolod 628<br />
wels SeZlo bizantiis imperatorma, ereklem,<br />
jvris dabruneba ierusalimSi. magram 10<br />
weliwadSi ierusalimi ukve xangrZlivi droiT<br />
musulmanma arabebma daipyres. sparselebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, arabebi bevrad tolerantulebi<br />
iyvnen qristianebTan da maT siwmindeebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
marTlmadidebloba idevneba,<br />
zogjer sastikadac, magram<br />
oficialurad<br />
akrZaluli ar aris<br />
arabebis mier ierusalimis dapyrobisas xalifa<br />
omarma (634-644) solomonis taZris adgilze<br />
meCeTi aago, qristianebs ki dacvis sigeli<br />
gadasca da maTTan SeTanxmeba gaaforma,<br />
romelSic qristianTa sxvadasxva jgufs Soris<br />
pirvelebad moxseniebulni arian <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>,<br />
rogorc ierusalimis<br />
mkvidrni, gansxvavebiT mosalocad Camosuli<br />
frankebis, koptebis, sirielebisa da<br />
somxebisagan. am dokumentiT <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> <strong>wminda</strong><br />
adgilebis molocvisas gaTavisuflebulni<br />
arian yovelgvari gadasaxadebisagan. mogvianebiT<br />
qristianTa devna gaZlierda da 1009 wels<br />
xalifa hakimma daangria macxovris saflavis<br />
eklesia, xolo yvela qristians ubrZana sajaro<br />
adgilebSi kiserze didi da mZime
1099-1187<br />
kaTolikoba<br />
1187-1524<br />
islami<br />
1524-1908<br />
islami<br />
jvarosanTa<br />
samefo<br />
egvipteli<br />
mamluqebi<br />
osmaleTis<br />
imperia<br />
(TurqeTi)<br />
(naxevarmetriani) jvris tareba (iseve, rogorc<br />
faSistebi aiZulebdnen ebraelebs tanisamosze<br />
yviTeli daviTis varskvlavis tarebas).<br />
laTineli qristiani jvarosnebis dros<br />
marTlmadidebloba ufro idevneboda, vidre<br />
arabebis periodSi. Aesec magaliTia imisa, rom<br />
religiaTaSorisi urTierTibebi uwinaresad<br />
emorCileba politikur miznebs. berZenTa<br />
samRvdeloebam miatova ierusalimi. ierusalimis<br />
kaTolike patriarqma daimbertma scada<br />
marTlmadideblebisa da sxva arakaTolike<br />
qristianTa saerTod gandevna macxovris saflavis<br />
taZridan, magram <strong>wminda</strong> cecxli ar<br />
gardamovida laTinelTa sanTlebze.<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> aqtiurad ar Canan, magram maSinac<br />
pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen, vinaidan jvarosnebi<br />
qarTvel mefeebTan molaparakebebs marTavdnen<br />
muslimTa winaaRmdeg erToblivi ZalebiT brZolis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
qristianebi, maT Soris -<br />
marTlmadideblebic,<br />
kvlavac idevnebian, magram qarTvelTa pozicia<br />
arnaxulad mtkicea, mniSvnelovanwilad egviptis<br />
sulTnebTan kargi urTierTobebis gamo, maTi<br />
privilegiebi ZalaSi rCeba. jvarosnebis gaZevebis<br />
Semdeg wlebis manZilze mxolod qarTveli berebi<br />
icavden macxovris saflavs, flobdnen macxovris<br />
saflavis samlocvelos gasaRebs da golgoTas,<br />
cxovrobdnen macxovris saflavis eklesiaSi.<br />
qristianebi, maT Soris -marTlmadideblebi,<br />
kvlavac idevnebian, magram mdgomareoba<br />
TandaTan umjobesdeboda. Turqebis mier<br />
ierusalimidan mamluqebis gaZevebis Semdgom,<br />
osmaleTis imperiis siZlieris miuxedavad,<br />
pirvel xanebSi<br />
maT gauWirdaT ierusalimis dacva, vinaidan<br />
imperia ramdenime frontze awarmoebda brZolas<br />
gafarToebisaTvis. ierusalimeli arabebis<br />
gavlenis Sesasusteblad, romelTa nawilic<br />
mxars isev mamluqebs uWerda, (vinaidan<br />
mamluqebis iaubidebis dinastia arabuli<br />
warmomavlobisa iyo) ,osmaloebma ebraelebisa
da qristianebis gaZliereba da ierusalimSi<br />
Casaxleba daiwyes, raTa maTSi dasayrdeni<br />
moepovebinaT. aqac politikurma motivebma<br />
sZlies religiurs.<br />
swored maSin, icoda ra qarTvelTa sabrZolo<br />
Tvisebebi da saTuTi damokidebuleba <strong>wminda</strong><br />
miwisadmi, sulTanma suleimanma 1525 wels<br />
qarTlis mefe giorgi IX-s (1526-1527), imereTis<br />
mefe bagrat III-s (1510-1565), da kaxeTis mefe<br />
levans (1518-1574) SesTavaza ierusalimis dacvaSi<br />
monawileobis miReba. mefeebs SeuerTda samcxis<br />
aTabagi yvaryvarec (aTabagebi maSin qristianebi<br />
iyvnen da ierusalimSi eklesiac hqondaT<br />
agebuli). maT gaerTianebul laSqars<br />
ierusalimi daukavebia. sulTanma amisaTvis maT<br />
gadasca <strong>wminda</strong> adgilni: saflavi uflisa,<br />
golgoTa, beTlemi da jvris monasteri. kaxeTis<br />
mefe levanma ierusalimidan wamoiRo nawili<br />
cxovelmyofelisa jvrisa, romelic uZvirfasesi<br />
TvlebiT Seamko da<br />
kaxeTis alaverdis samitropolo taZarSi<br />
daasvena. manveierusalimis sapatriarqos sofeli<br />
`aRdgoma~ uboZa.<br />
TurqeTis imperiaSi, sulTan mahmed II-dan<br />
moyolebuli me-17 saukunemde yvela muslimi<br />
mmarTveli aaxlebda xalifa omaris mier<br />
ierusalimis patriarqisadmi gacemul dacvis<br />
firmans; magram me-17 saukunis meore naxevridan,<br />
kaTolikeTa da somexTa intrigebis wyalobiT,<br />
marTlmadideblebis poziciebi Sesustda da<br />
firmani aRar ganaxlebula. qarTvelebma<br />
dakarges yvela Tavisi eklesia-monasteri da<br />
privilegia.<br />
XIX saukuneSi osmaleTis imperiaSi miRebuli<br />
iyo kanoni rwmenis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis ZaliTac saxelmwifom oficialurad<br />
cno kaTolikeTa, berZen-marTlmadidebelTa da<br />
somex-monofizitTa,<br />
iseve, rogorc ebraelebis, religiuri uflebebi.<br />
axali konstituciiT, TurqeTSi erovnul<br />
umciresobebad, romelTac TavianTi<br />
warmomadgenlebi unda hyolodaT saxelmwifo<br />
marTvis organoebSi, swored am religiuri<br />
mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
ganisazRvrnen.,vinaidan TurqeTis imperiaSi<br />
(iseve rogorc ruseTSi) aRwera xdeboda
1908-1947<br />
anglikanuri<br />
qristianoba<br />
1947<br />
dRemde<br />
iudaizmi<br />
didi<br />
britaneTis<br />
kolonia<br />
religiuri, da ara eTnikuri, niSniT, qarTvelTa<br />
udidesma nawilma TurqeTSi islami miiRo da<br />
Turqebad aRiwerebodnen.<br />
TurqeTis imperiaSi, sulTan mahmed II-dan<br />
moyolebuli me-17 saukunemde, yvela muslimi<br />
mmarTveli aaxlebdaxalifa omaris mier<br />
ierusalimis patriarqisadmi gacemul dacvis<br />
firmans; magram me-17 saukunis meore naxevridan,<br />
kaTolikeTa da somexTa intrigebis wyalobiT,<br />
marTlmadideblebis poziciebi Sesustda da<br />
firmani aRar ganaxlebula. qarTvelebma<br />
dakarges yvela Tavisi eklesia-monasteri da<br />
privilegia.<br />
XIX saukuneSi osmaleTis imperiaSi miRebuli<br />
iyo kanoni rwmenis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis ZaliTac saxelmwifom oficialurad<br />
cno kaTolikeTa, berZen-marTlmadidebelTa da<br />
somex-monofizitTa, iseve rogorc ebraelebis,<br />
religiuri uflebebi. axali konstituciiT,<br />
TurqeTSi erovnul umciresobebad, romelTac<br />
TavianTi warmomadgenlebi unda hyolodaT<br />
saxelmwifo marTvis organoebSi, swored am<br />
religiuri mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
ganisazRvrnen. vinaidan TurqeTis imperiaSi<br />
(iseve rogorc ruseTSi) aRwera xdeboda<br />
religiuri, da ara eTnikuri, niSniT, qarTvelTa<br />
udidesma nawilma TurqeTSi islami miiRo da<br />
Turqebad aRiwerebodnen.<br />
axali kanoni religiis Sesaxeb ar miuRiaT.<br />
marTlmadidebelTa interesebs isev berZeni<br />
patriarqebi gamoxatavdnen. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>, cxadia,<br />
ar Canan.<br />
israeli axali kanoni religiis Sesaxeb israelsac ar<br />
miuRia da qveyanaSi isev TurqeTis imperiis<br />
dros miRebuli kanonebiTaa regulirebuli<br />
konfesiaTaSorisi urTierTobebi: qristianebi<br />
oficialurad warmodgenilni arian<br />
kaTolikeebiT, berZnebi marTlmadideblebiTa da<br />
monofiziti somxebiT, Tumca Tavisi saeklesio<br />
misiebi aqvT protestan-<br />
tebsac, rus marTlmadideblebsac, siriel, kopt<br />
da eTiopiel monofizitebsac.<br />
qarTvelebma daiwyes <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> dabruneba.<br />
beTlemSi daarsda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
danarTi3.<br />
religiur-kulturuli centri, romelSic <strong>wminda</strong><br />
ninos dedaTa monasteri moqmedebs. lodSi,<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> giorgis qalaqSi, gaixsna qarTuli<br />
saxli. qarTvel piligrimTa moZraoba masobrivi<br />
gaxda.<br />
saqvelmoqmedo fondis - “sasuliero akademiis”-s Sesaxeb<br />
saqvelmoqmedo fondi `sasuliero akademia” davafuZneT am wignis avtorma,<br />
maia rCeuliSvilma da rusudan kervaliSvilma 2006 wlis dasawyisSi<br />
saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqis, ilia meoris, kurTxevebis Sesasruleblad.<br />
FkerZod, fondis mTavari mizania saxsrebis Segroveba samebis taZris<br />
teritoriaze sasuliero akademiis axali Senobis asagebad. samuSaoebi ukve<br />
daiwyo.<br />
fondis mTavari miRwevaa saxsrebis Segroveba, romliTac SeviZineT iqna<br />
samoTaxiani saxli TurqeTSi, arTvinis maxloblad, istoriul xanZTaSi, wm.<br />
grigol xanZTelis mier agebuli taZris ezoSi. vinaidan TurqeTis sasazRvro<br />
raionebSi jer akrZalulia uZravi qonebis ucxoelebisaTvis miyidva, saxli<br />
formalurad gaformda kompania “centr pointis” erT-erTi Turqi partnioris<br />
saxelze, rac mis mier dadasturebulia oficialuri xelSekrulebiT. saxlis<br />
sayidlad saWiro Tanxa Semoswires “centr-pointis”, didi diRmis - “oazisis” da<br />
vaSlijvris - “dakiduli baRebis” mSeneblobebma - 30 000 amerikuli dolari<br />
(mTavari menejeri, maia gvimraZe) da piradad guram rCeuliSvilma - 10 000<br />
amerikuli dolari.<br />
amasTan erTad fondi miznad isaxavs mosaxleobis religiur ganaTlebaSi<br />
monawileobas, risi magaliTic es wignia. wignis pirveli gamocema gamovida 2006<br />
wlis aprilSi da daurigda aRdgomas <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> Casul qarTvel<br />
piligrimebs. amJamad, mzaddeba masalebi aTonis <strong>wminda</strong> mTaze da amalfias<br />
(italia) wm. andria pirvelwodebulis monasterze, sadac misi <strong>wminda</strong> nawilebia<br />
dakrZaluli.<br />
fondi aseve afinansebs samecniero kvlevebs istoriis RvTismetyvelebis<br />
sferoSi, razedac xelSekruleba gaaforma saqarTvelos politologTa<br />
asociaciasTan, da ramdenime sxva saqvelmoqmedo proeqts, maT Soris baTumisa<br />
da qobuleTis eparqiasTan arsebuli sabavSo saxlis aRsazrdelTaTvis.<br />
proeqtsa da wignSi gamoyenebuli wyaroebis Sesaxeb (bibliografia) informaciis<br />
miReba SesaZlebelia Cvens veb-gverdze<br />
www.theohistory.ge<br />
fondis misamarTia:<br />
Tbilisi, WavWavaZis gamz. 66
tel. (822) 225015<br />
fondis eleqtronuli misamarTia: vrcheulishvili@centerpoint.ge<br />
danarTi 4.<br />
“ra bednierebaa iyo qarTveli!” anu <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> uflis saflavze<br />
rogorc davrwmundiT, <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s roli namdvilad<br />
istoriuli da unikaluria. UerTia, rodesac amaze qarTuli saeklesio tradicia<br />
mogviTxrobs. magram istorikosisTvis aucilebelia sxva wyaroebis mier am<br />
faqtebis dadastureba. Torem, cota ar iyos, Cvens pativcemul mezoblebs<br />
davemsgavsebiT, rodesac amtkiceben, qarTvelebs anbani Cven SevuqmeniTo, mcxeTis<br />
jvaric Cven avageTo da SoTaA rusTavelic Cveneburiao. Aam dros erTaderTi,<br />
rasac sxva wyaroebic adastureben, aris is, rom <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s<br />
monastrebisa da eklesiebis nawili swored maT ukaviaT. Aamitomac aris<br />
CvenTvis aseTi mniSvnelovani, rodesac wm. ninos mier qarTlis moqcevis ambavs<br />
me-4-5 saukunis somxuri da berZnuli wyaroebi adastureben, rodesac<br />
saqarTveloze, rogorc RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveyanaze, didi rusi saeklesio<br />
mamebi, wm. serafim saroveli da wm. dimitri rostoveli, mogviTxroben, rodesac<br />
bagrationebis bibliur warmomavlobaze somexi da bizantieli istorikosebi<br />
msjeloben, maT Soris Tavad bizantiis imperatori - konstantine<br />
parfirogenetic, romelic Tavis cnobil naSromSi “ imperiis marTvis Sesaxeb”<br />
xazs usvams <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s gansakuTrebul urTierTobebs <strong>wminda</strong> miwasTan da<br />
ierusalimTan. amasve aRniSnavs uamravi muslimi avtori. magram yvelaze meti<br />
masala <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s unikalur rolze <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> Semogvinaxes kaTolike,<br />
anu kaTolikur eklesiaSi daculma arqivebma, vinaidan, jvarosnuli<br />
laSqrobebis periodidan moyolebuli, vatikani ar anelebs mcdelobas <strong>wminda</strong><br />
miwis qristianuli siwmindeebi Tavisi gavlenis qveS moaqcios. erT-erTi aseTi<br />
CvenTvis saintereso naSromis avtoria <strong>wminda</strong> miwis istoriis TvalsaCino<br />
Tanamedrove mkvlevari, <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> franciskanelTa monastris biblioTekari,<br />
mama sabino de sandoli (Father Sabino De Sandoli -Librarian of the Central<br />
Library of the Custody of the Holy Land at the Monastery of Our Saviour.).<br />
misi samecniero avtoriteti emyareba im uamrav unikalur dokumentur masalas,<br />
romelic saukuneebis manZilze biblioTekaSi dagrovda. magaliTad, <strong>wminda</strong><br />
<strong>miwaze</strong> jvarosnuli laSqrobebisa da ierusalimis laTinuri saxelmwifos (1100-<br />
1291 w.w.) Sesaxeb mis mier gamocemuli oTxtomeuli 2100 gverdisagan Sedgeba da<br />
X1-X111 saukunis 70 xelnawers aRwers. Mmis naSromebSi saqarTvelos, ufro<br />
sworad ki <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s moRvaweobas, mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia.<br />
Aamitomac Cems naSroms Tan erTvis cnobili vatikaneli istorikosis, sabino de<br />
sandolis ,wignidan amonaweri `<strong>wminda</strong> adgilebis mSvidobiani gaTavisufleba<br />
X1V saukuneSi”, sadac moTxrobilia jvarosnebis <strong>wminda</strong> miwidan gaZevebis<br />
Semdeg qristianebisaTvis CamorTmeuli <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebis dabrunebis procesze.<br />
Tu ramdenad unikaluri iyo am movlenebSi da, saerTod, <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong><br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s roli, Tavad gansajeT. M<br />
akris dacemis (jvarosanTa ukanaskneli dasayrdeni <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>-v.r.) Semdeg<br />
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi dasavleTis mTavrobebi saubarsac ki ver
edavdnen <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebis dabrunebaze an RvTismsaxurebis aRdgenaze. rogorc<br />
aRniSnavdnen, es iyo Sedegi an egviptis mTavrobis arastabilurobisa, an imisa,<br />
rom Tavad es Tema Zalzed feTqebadsaSiSad rCeboda. misi ganxilva mxolod<br />
xangrZlivi keTili urTierTobebis damyarebis Semdeg iyo SesaZlebeli.<br />
meToTxmete saukunis dasawyisSi, mujir-ed-dinis qronikis mixedviT, ierusalims<br />
ewvia saqarTvelos mefis saelCo (25 ivlisi 1305 w.). saelCos SemadgenlobaSi<br />
agreTve iyvnen konstantinopolis imperatoris, andronike paleologis,<br />
warmomadgenlebic. saelCos mizani iyo, eTxova sulTanis moadgilisaTvis,<br />
romelic sulTanis saxeliT moqmedebda, jvris monastris dabruneba, romelic<br />
ierusalimisagan ori kilometris daSorebiT mdebareobs. Aakris dacemis Semdeg<br />
(1291) is okupirebuli iyo arabTaA mier (1293). Ddidi mecadineobis Sedegad is<br />
daubrunda qarTvel berebs. Aam warmatebulma mcdelobam Seaguliana qarTveli<br />
berebi, kvlav miemarTaT sulTanisaTvis. Kkonstantinopolis imperatoris<br />
SuamdgomlobiT, isini moiTxovndnen, maTTvis gadaecaT golgoTa. (1308). albaT,<br />
am garemoebaTa gamo maT SeZles golgoTaze dabruneba da is, rom miiRes<br />
ufleba, ori beri darCeniliyo <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis eklesiaSi. maTi yofna am<br />
adgilze daadastures dasavlelma piligrimebma oci wlis Semdegac. zustad<br />
ucnobia, rodis miiRes qarTvelebma <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis gasaRebi. isini flobdnen<br />
maT 1340-1345 wlidan.<br />
Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom egviptis sulTanis mxridan am daTmobis Semdeg<br />
qristianebma isev ganaaxles RvTismsaxureba (saubaria uflis saflavze-v.r.),<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom es martiv da daxurul formas atarebda (e.i. wlebis<br />
manZilze wirva-locvas uflis saflavze mxolod qarTveli berebi<br />
aRavlendnen!!!-v.r.) gasakviri ar aris, rom qarTvelebma aRadgines <strong>wminda</strong> jvris<br />
monasteri da eklesia. Aaq maTi sakuTreba eWvgareSea, vinaidan Senoba<br />
datovebuli iyo im movlenebamde mxolod ramdenime wliT adre. Ggasakviria<br />
sulTanis araCveulebrivi keTilganwyoba, romelic berebis daSvebaSi<br />
golgoTaze da maTTvis <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis eklesiaSi darCenis uflebis micemaSi<br />
gamoixata. eWvgareSea, rom amas hqonda Tavisi mizezebi, romlebmac sulTanis<br />
gadawyvetilebaze imoqmedes. albaT, Tu daubrundebiT istoriis furclebs, Cven<br />
SevZlebT, ukeT gavigoT es movlenebi.”<br />
“<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> Zalian adre gaqristiandnen. isini monawileobdnen nikeis<br />
(325w.) saeklesio krebaze. Eeklesiurad isini damokidebulni iyvnen antioqiis<br />
sapatriarqoze. politikurad isini bizantiis imperiis proteqtoratis qveS<br />
imyofebodnen.Yyovelive es ganmartavs, ratom miiRo berZnuli wesi maTma<br />
eklesiam da ratom iyeneben isini liturgiisas berZnul enas.<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> arabTa, TurqTa, sparselTa da monRolTa dapyro-<br />
bis msxverplni iyvnen, romlebic maT gamahmadianebas cdilobdnen. <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>,<br />
rogorc brZolaSi uSiSari, iseve, rwmenaSi mtkiceni aRmoCndnen. Bbevri<br />
ubedurebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelo saeklesio aqtivobis mudmivi wyaro iyo.<br />
Uukve meoTxe saukunis bolodan qveyana agzavnida bevr bers, romelsac<br />
aRmoaCendiT bizantiis mTel imperiaSi: antioqiasa, kviprosSi, biTviniaSi, aTonis<br />
mTaze, iseve rogorc konstantinopolSic. maT daafuZnes uamravi monasteri<br />
palestinaSi. maT Soris iyo <strong>wminda</strong> sabas monasteri ierusalimis maxloblad,<br />
iudeis udabnoSi. aRsaniSnavi,a agreTve is monasteri, romelic mdebareobs<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> iakob didis Caqolvis adgilze (nayidi somexTa mier XV11 saukuneSi), da
adre naxsenebi <strong>wminda</strong> jvris monasteri, romelic aSenda, an aRdgenil iqna 1040<br />
wels.. Aamas garda iyo mravali naklebad mniSvnelovani adgili (ai, ase unda<br />
sabuTdebodes istoriuli pretenziebi! -v.r.).<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> farTod da mZlavrad iyvnen warmodgenilni <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>. 1050<br />
wlidan maT miaRwies uflebas, monawileoba mieRoT wirvaSi <strong>wminda</strong> saflavze.<br />
imave wels maTma mefem, bagratma, sTxova konstantinopolis imperator<br />
konstantine X1 monomaxs golgoTis naxevari. savaraudod, es samxreT naxevari<br />
iyo. (dRes golgoTis es nawili Tavad laTinelebs ekuTvnis. somxebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, isini ar malaven, rom qarTvelTa sakuTrebas floben dRes.<br />
Aamitomac, maTTan molaparakeba sakuTrebis garkveuli nawilis dabrunebaze<br />
Zalzed perspeqtiulad meCveneba-v.r.).Mman aseve iTxova qarTveli episkoposis<br />
daSveba ierusalimSi. qarTveli episkoposi iyo ierusalimSi Turqebis mosvlamde<br />
(1071 w.). jvarosnuli laSqrobebis periodis piligrimebi ar aRniSnaven<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong>s yofnas <strong>wminda</strong> saflavze, albaT, imitom, rom isini berZnuli wesis<br />
arab mrevlTan erTad monawileobdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebSi ( vinaidan<br />
jvarosnebis dros yvela marTmadidebeli praqtikulad gandevnili iyo taZridan<br />
da mxolod laTinelebi daepatronen mas. - v.r.).<br />
X111-X1V saukuneebSi <strong>qarTvelebi</strong> gamorCeuli privilegiebiT sargeblobdnen sxva<br />
qristianebs Soris. EgansakuTrebiT 1250 wlis Semdeg, mamluqi sulTanebis<br />
dinastiis mmarTvelobis periodSi. jeims de vitri (James de Vitry (1226) werda,<br />
rom, sanam sxva qristianebs uWirdaT ierusalimSi moxvedra da Zalzed<br />
gaWirvebulad arsebobdnen iq, qarTvelebs qalaqSi Tavisuflad Sesvla<br />
SeeZloT. Efaqtia, rom, rodesac qarTveli piligrimebi Camodiodnen, isini<br />
qalaqSi Sediodnen aRmarTuli gaSlili droSebiT. maT ar axdevinebdnen<br />
qristianebisaTvis dawesebul gadasaxads.<br />
bevri qarTveli msaxurobda egviptelTa jarSi, romelic icavda rogorc<br />
eviptes, aseve dapyrobil teritoriebs. maT Seqmnes mamaci da morwmune meomarTa<br />
korpusi. Aamitom maT garkveuli gavlena hqondaT kairos xelisuflebaze da<br />
maTi ubralo Tanamemamuleebi sargeblobdnen maTi dacviT da privilegiebiT.<br />
sulTanma en-naserma kargad icoda, rom aTasobiT qarTveli aseve msaxurobda<br />
monRolTa jarSic. Ees ar awuxebda mas, vinaidan man aseve icoda, rom iyvnen<br />
sxva mamaci <strong>qarTvelebi</strong>c, romlebic erTgulad emsaxurebodnen mis mamluqur<br />
reJims sakuTar samxedro ZalebSi.<br />
am mizeziT advili gasagebia, saidan hqondaT qarTvel sasuliero pirebs rwmena<br />
da gambedaoba, eTxovaT egviptis sulTanisaTvis <strong>wminda</strong> jvris eklesia<br />
ierusalimSi, golgoTa, ori beris yofna <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis eklesiaSi da rogor<br />
daeuflnen isini uflis saflavis gasaRebs.” (ix. Sabino De Sandoli,<br />
Ointernetis misamarTi.<br />
http://www.christusrex.org/www2/liberation/index.html#part3 Targmani Cemia-<br />
v.r.)<br />
me adrec msmenia, rom qarTvelebs golgoTa gvekuTvno<br />
dao, Mmagram, <strong>wminda</strong> cecxlis gardamosvlisas uflis saflavis<br />
samlocvelosTan sapatio stumrebis tribunaze moxvedrili, imas rogor<br />
vifiqrebdi, rom es adgili SemTxveviT ki ar damikavebia, aramed winaprebis<br />
damsaxurebis gamo mekuTvnis-meTqi. aTwleulebis manZilze mxolod qarTveli<br />
berebi icavdnen <strong>wminda</strong> saflavis am samlocvelos da wirva-locvasac mxolod
isini aRavlendnen uflis saflavze! mimixvdebiT, ratom vuyurebdi, rogorc<br />
<strong>wminda</strong> miwis axalbeda stumars, zemodan-qvemoT (pirdapiri da gadataniTi<br />
mniSvnelobiT) tribunis qveS mdgar moskovis mers. albaT, gasagebia, ratom<br />
vfiqrob ierusalimSi moxvedrili: “dideba ufals! ra bednierebaa, iyo<br />
qristiani, ra bednierebaa, iyo qarTveli! ” anu erTi cnobili naTqvamis<br />
perifrazi rom gavakeToT, “me qarTveli var, maSasadame, marTlmadidebeli var”!<br />
danarTi 5<br />
rogor davbrundiT <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong><br />
(beTlemisa da lodis saxlebis SeZenis Sesaxeb)<br />
2002 wlis gazafxulze uwmindesma da unetaresma,<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqma, ilia meorem locva-kurTxeva momca, saTaveSi<br />
Cavdgomodi <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> eklesiis asagebad nakveTis SeZenas. aRmoCnda, rom<br />
amisaTvis daaxloebiT 180 000 dolari iyo saWiro. rom Sevbede, amodena Tanxa<br />
ara maqvs-meTqi, uwmindesma mipasuxa: “Svilo, am saqmes xeli mokide da fuli<br />
mogivao”. Ees sityvebi Cveulebriv gamxnevebad miviRe. Mmeore dResve nakveTis<br />
SeZenas xeli Cemma meuRlem, maiam, da misma dam, rusudanma, mohkides, vinaidan<br />
ukve uZravi qonebis sferoSi moRvaweobdnen. israelidan faqsiT nakveTis gegma<br />
gamoiTxoves. am dros oTaxSi “centr-pointis” axali klienti Semosula da<br />
SemTxveviT es gegmac daunaxavs. rodesac uwmindesis kurTxeva Seutyvia, uTqvams:<br />
“Tqven Tu banks mayidinebT, me am nakveTs gayidinebTo”. es kaci aRmoCnda<br />
ruseTSi moRvawe cnobili qarTveli biznesmeni mamuka jinWaraZe. sul male<br />
mamuka bankis mflobeli gaxda (dRevandeli “saxalxo banki”), beTlemSi<br />
eklesiisaTvis saxli SeviZineT, xolo “centr-pointi” saqarTveloSi umsxviles<br />
uZravi qonebis kompaniad iqca, anu fuli marTlac mogvivida.Aai, ra Zala hqonia<br />
uwmindesis locva-kurxevas!<br />
Aamave istoriam sxva ramec dagvanaxa: yvela didi erovnuli saqmis<br />
keTebas, Tundac es eklesiisaTvis aseTi sasikeTo saqme iyos, uamravi<br />
winaamRdegoba eqmneba. udidesi brZolebi daiwyo mis CasaSlelad. maT Soris im<br />
adamianebis mxridanac, visac CvenTvis xelis Sewyoba samsaxureobrivadac<br />
evaleboda. TiTqosda <strong>wminda</strong> miwa ganwirulia mudmivi dapirispirebisaTvis.<br />
bibliis mixedviT, asec aris. amitom swored ierusalimSi igrZnoba yvelaze<br />
metad keTilisa da borotis dausrulebeli brZola. aq Segnebulad ar<br />
vasaxeleb im adamianebs, vinc xels gviSlida saxlis SeZenaSi. aseTebs istoria<br />
ubralod iviwyebs. axsovT saqmis mkeTeblebi. Cveni ojaxis wevrebi, uwinaresad<br />
maia da rusudani, bednierebi varT imiT, rom mamuka jinWaraZesTan, mama<br />
iliasTan (nasiZe) da deda evgeniasTan (maxaraZe) erTad SevasruleT uwmindesis<br />
locva-<br />
kurTxeva da monawileoba miviReT beTlemSi saxlis SeZenis saqmeSi. cxadia,<br />
amaSi bevri sxva adamianic dagvexmara, maT Soris mamuka jinWaraZis Zma dimitri,<br />
vis saxelzec gaformda beTlemis saxli sapatriarqosaTvis gadacemamde, da<br />
palestineli advokatiT - raid amaia. UCveni wamowyeba, RvTis wyalobiT, uamravma
adamianma aitaca. beTlemis <strong>wminda</strong> ninos monasterSi qarTvel momlocvelTa<br />
jgufma karis eklesia aago. gansakuTrebiT<br />
aRsaniSnavia axalgazrdebis aqtiuri Cabma am saSviliSvilo saqmeSi. Bnika<br />
alaviZem, aCiko gegenavam, giorgi isakaZem, nika beriZem, guram rCeuliSvilma,<br />
meri gverdwiTelma da bevrma maTma Tanatolma da megobarma aqtiuri<br />
monawileoba miiRes saqvelmoqmedo fondis<br />
- “<strong>wminda</strong> miwa” dafuZnebaSi, romelTa saxsrebiTac SeiZines “qarTuli saxli”<br />
lodSi. Ffondis damfuZnebelTagan gansakuTrebiT gamovyofdi Cvens ebrael<br />
megobrebs, giorgi biniaSvilsa da israel boTeraSvils, romelTa Rvawli<br />
sagangebod daafasa saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma, ilia meorem. fondis<br />
damfuZnebelTa da SemomwirvelTa sruli siis gamoqveynebas dagvpirda mama<br />
ilia nasiZe, rasac, albaT, uaxloes dros gavakeTebT. manamade ki maTi gamorCeva<br />
SegiZliaT gansakuTrebuli vercxlis an oqros samajuriT, romelic fondis<br />
wevrebisaTvis uwmindesis locva-kurTxeviT damzadda.<br />
BEbeTlemis mniSvneloba yvela qristianisaTvis cnobilia. aq gankacda, anu<br />
daibada miwierad, macxovari ieso qriste. RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveynis<br />
eklesiam qonebis aRdgena <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> rom beTlemidan daiwyo, amaSi, cxadia,<br />
uflis nebaa.<br />
beTlemi palestinis avtonomiis teritoriaa. iq mosaxvedrad israelis gamSvebi<br />
punqti unda gaiaro. P dRes beTlemel qristianebs uWirT, Tu gasul saukuneSi<br />
mosaxleobis 60 % qristiani iyo, amJamad maTi raodenoba 25 000 kacs Seadgens,<br />
anu mosaxleobis 20%-ze naklebia. beTlemSi Caasaxles uamravi palestine-li<br />
devnili, ramac muslimTa raodenoba mkveTrad gazarda. Mmosaxleobis 30%<br />
hamasis wevria da adgilobrivi arCevnebic maT moiges, ramac kidev ufro<br />
daamZima qristianTaA mdgomareoba. am pirobebSi axali qristianuli monastris<br />
gaxsna, namdvilad, saSuri saqmea ara marto saqarTvelosaTvis, aramed Tavad<br />
qristiani palestinelebisa da, saerTod, yvela qristianisaTvis.<br />
swored am monastris molocvisas, zemoTxsenebul axalgazrda<br />
qarTvel piligrimebs mouvidaT monastris gverdiT arsebuli nakveTis SesaZenad<br />
fulis Segrovebis idea. Sesabamisi davaleba mieca imave raid amaias, advokats,<br />
romelic maia rCeuliSvilma pirveli saxlis SesaZenad daiqirava, da romelmac<br />
ara marto bolomde miiyvana is saqme, aramed SemdgomSic ara erTxel daexmara<br />
monastris monazvnebs. is arabi qristiania, sapatriarqos iuristi da dedamisTan<br />
erTad qarTuli monastris xSiri stumari. (<strong>qarTvelebi</strong> rom gaicno, mas Semdeg<br />
dedamisi qarTvel rZalze ocnebobs!) mezobelma nakveTi 300 000 dolari<br />
daafasa. Seiqmna sagangebo fondi da, rogorc mogaxseneT, Tanxac maleve<br />
Segrovda. magram moulodnelad mezobelma piroba Secvala da Tanxa 700 000-mde<br />
gazarda. maSin, maia <strong>rCeuliSvili</strong>s winadadebiT da kaTalikos-patriarqis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT, gadawyda axali saxlis SeZena ara beTlmSi, sadac monasteri<br />
ukve arsebobda, aramed lodSi, es moxda Aramdenime mizezis gamo: jer erTi, rom<br />
lodi israelis teritoriaze mdebareobs, ierusalimsa da Tel-avivs Soris,<br />
swored lodSia ganlagebuli ben-gurionis sax. saerTaSoriso aeroporti;<br />
Mmeore, rom lodSi bevri qarTveli ebraeli cxovrobs, maT Soris Cveni ojaxis<br />
megobari - israel boTeraSvilic, romelic gia biniaSvilTan erTad ara marto<br />
saxlis yidvaSi dagvexmara, aramed dResac yuradRebas ar aklebs “qarTul<br />
saxls”. Ddiax, aseTi oficialuri statusi mianiWa lodis municipalitetma<br />
axladSeZenil qonebas, rac, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelosadmi israelis
xelisuflebis keTilganwyobaze, xolo, meore mxriv, israelSi da, kerZod,<br />
lodSi qarTveli ebraelebis maRal avtoritetze migvaniSnebs. rac mTavaria,<br />
lodic namdvilad <strong>wminda</strong> adgilia qristianTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
<strong>qarTvelebi</strong>sTvis, vinaidan aq mdebareobs <strong>wminda</strong> giorgis saflavi, sadac<br />
aSenebulia marTlmadidebluri eklesia. wm. giorgi xom saqarTvelos zeciuri<br />
mfarvelia. swored mis saxelzea agebuli saqarTveloSi yvelaze meti eklesia.<br />
unda aRvniSnoT, rom <strong>wminda</strong> giorgis udides pativs miageben ara marto<br />
qristianebi, aramed muslimebic. Mwm. giorgis saxelze meCeTic ki aris agebuli<br />
misi saflavis eklesiis gverdiT. beTlemSi mcxovrebi arabebi mas al-xurds<br />
uwodeben da qristianebi da muslimebi erTad loculoben mis salocavSi.<br />
Mmuslimebi bavSvebsac ki naTlaven, vinaidan miaCniaT, rom iq monaTluli bavSvi<br />
ufro janmrTelia. muslimebis aseTi damokidebuleba qristianuli siwmindeebis<br />
mimarT ar aris axali,Erazec ukve mogaxseneT. mTavaria, rom aseTi faqtebi<br />
kargad unda icodnen rogorc qristianebma, aseve muslimebma, raTa msoflio<br />
ufro usafrTxo gaxdes. Cven erTad unda vicxovroT am qveyanaze. ierusalimi<br />
imitomac aris msoflios sulieri centri, rom aq sxvadasxva religiis<br />
warmomadgenlebi loculoben erT goja <strong>miwaze</strong>, rogorc TbilisSi.<br />
mSvidoba ierusalimsa da saqarTvelosa zeda!<br />
<strong>vaxtang</strong> <strong>rCeuliSvili</strong><br />
Tbilisi-mcxeTa-ierusalimi-beTlemi-giorgiopolisi (lodi)<br />
2002-2007w.w.<br />
danarTi 6<br />
ierusalimis wmida adgilebis mokle mimoxilva<br />
Zveli ierusalimi galavanSia moqceuli, romelsac ramdenime karibWe aqvs.<br />
galavani TurqeTis sulTnis, suleimanis mier, 1537-1541 wlebSi aris aRdgenili.<br />
gadmocemiT, sulTans sizmrad unaxavs, rogor daglejdnen lomebi, Tuki<br />
ierusalimis galavans ar aRadgenda. swored amitom, mis mier ganaxlebuli<br />
galavnis erT-erT karibWeze lomis Tavebia amokveTili, mas “lomTa” karibWes<br />
uwodeben. galavans Svidi moqmedi da ramdenime daxuruli karibWe aqvs.<br />
rodesac ierusalimis galavnis mSenebloba dasrulebula, sulTans<br />
piradad Seumowmebia galavani. rogorc aRmoCnda, mefe daviTis saflavi sionis<br />
mTaze, galavnis gareT iyo darCenili. sulTans arqiteqtorebisTvis ukiTxavs,<br />
Tu ratom darCa es <strong>wminda</strong> saflavi galavans miRma. rogorc Pgairkva,<br />
arqiteqtorebs ar scodniaT, rom daviTis saflavi muslimTaTvisac siwmindes<br />
warmoadgenda. ganrisxebul sulTans yuranis arcodnisTvis, arqitetorebi iqve,<br />
galavnis kedelze CamouxrCvia. maTi saflavebis naxva dResac SesaZlebelia<br />
`iafos” karibWesTan.<br />
`iafos” karibWe qalaqis dasavleT SesasvlelSi mdebareobs. Aam<br />
adgilidan yvelaze male moxvdebiT uflis saflavis eklesiaSi. samxreTis<br />
kedelSi, “sionisa” da e.w. “nagvis” karibWeebia ganlagebuli. aRmosavleTis
kedelSia “lomebis karibWe”, xolo galavnis CrdiloeT mxares, “irodisa” da<br />
“damaskos” karibWeebi icavs. es suleimanis dros aSenebuli karibWeebia. meSvide,<br />
e.w. `axali” karibWe ki X1X saukuneSi augiaT.<br />
yvelaze grandiozuli , e.w. `oqros” karibWe , romliTac macxovari<br />
sazeimod Sevida paseqis dResaswaulze, ukve ramdenime saukunea rac Caketilia.<br />
ase aRsrulda bibliuri winaswarmetyveleba: `es karibWe daxSuli iqneba, ar<br />
gaiReba da kaci ar Seva masSi, radgan israelis RmerTi Sevida masSi da iqneba<br />
igi daxSuli” (ezekieli, 44:2). am adgilidan Zvel qalaqSi Sesvla mxolod e.w.<br />
`lomTa” karibWidan aris SesaZlebeli. mas `wm. stefanes” karibWesac uwodeben,<br />
radgan, aqve axlos stefane pirveldiakoni CauqolavT.<br />
`iafos” karibWidan patara moedanze moxvdebiT. marjvena mxares didi<br />
Senoba mdebareobs, romelSic sastumroa ganTavsebuli. am Senobis<br />
ebraelebisaTvis miyidvis mcdelobisTvis, patriarqi irineosi gadaayenes. saqme<br />
imaSi gaxlavT, rom ierusalimi oTx nawilad: qristianebis, ebraelebis,<br />
somxebisa da muslimebis ubnebad iyofa. TiToeuli religiuri Temi maT Soris<br />
arsebul sazRvars mkacrad akontrolebs. QmarTlmadidebel qristianTa Temis<br />
Senobebis didi nawilis mflobeli, berZnuli sapatriarqoa, romelic isaraelSi<br />
uZravi qonebis yvelaze msxvili mepatronea. Senobebs is mravalwliani, zogjer<br />
uvado ijariTac ki gadascems sxvadasxva iuridiul Tu fizikur pirs im<br />
pirobiT, rom maTi sxva pirze gasxviseba mxolod sapatriarqos dasturiT<br />
moxdeba. axali garigebis Tanxis 30% isev sapatriarqos ericxeba. Aam wess<br />
`tabu~ hqvia da is Zalian arTulebs, istoriul zonaSi, uZravi qonebis yidvagayidvas.<br />
magaliTad,Pjvris monastris mimdebare miwebi, sapatriarqos 50 wliT<br />
aqvs miqiravebuli israelis mTavrobisTvis. Aaq prezidentis rezidencia da<br />
qneseTi - israelis parlamenti aris ganlagebuli, rac Seexeba sadavo Senobas,<br />
israelis mTavroba, axali patriarqisagan, ebraeli investorebisaTvis mis<br />
gadacemas, anu garigebis pirobis Sesrulebas iTxovs, manamade ki oficialurad<br />
ar cnobs mas.<br />
vnebis kviris `wiTel” paraskevs ierusalimSi Casuli piligrimebi<br />
msvlelobaSi monawileoben, msvleloba im gzaze imarTeba, romliTac<br />
sikvdilmisjili, jvarmokidebuli macxovari pretoriumidan golgoTamde avida.<br />
momlocvelebs xelSi jvrebi, xatebi da droSebi uWiravT.<br />
am gzis zust marSrutze, sxvadasxva qristianuli konfesiebis<br />
warmomadgenlebs, dResac gansxvavebuli azri gaaCniaT. adre msvleloba<br />
geTsemaniis baRidan mRvdelmTavar kaiafas saxlis gavliT miemarTeboda<br />
golgoTisaken. mogvianebiT tradiciuli marSruti Camoyalibda. igi “lomTa~<br />
karibWidan iRebs saTaves da `via delarosas” (Via Delarosa) gavliT midis<br />
golgoTamde.<br />
marTlmadideblebi msvlelobas geTsemaniis baRidan iwyeben. aq Seipyres<br />
macxovari, aq mdebareobs mariam RvTismSoblis saflavis taZari, sadac<br />
yovladwmnida qalwulis mSoblebi, ioakime da ana arian dakrZalulni, aqvea<br />
ioseb marTalis saflavic. saflavebi, miwis donidan 50 safexuriT qvemoT<br />
arsebul mRvimeSia ganlagebuli. amave mRvimeSi zecad amaRlebamde<br />
RvTismSoblis sxeulic esvena. eklesiasTan axlos, wm. stefane pirveldiakonis<br />
samlocveloa, radgan swored aq Caqoles igi.<br />
geTsemaniis baRidan momlocvelebi `lomTa” karibWiT Zvel qalaqSi<br />
Sedian. Mmas qristianebi “wm. stefanes” karibWesac uwodeben.. mefe herodes
xanaSi aq antoniusis cixe mdebareobda, romelSic mogvianebiT pretoriumma -<br />
romaelTa prokuratorebis rezidenciam daido bina.Aswored aq, pilatesTan<br />
miiyvanes Sepyrobili ieso qriste. aqedan iwyeba quCa, romelic uflis wamebis<br />
gzas miyveba golgoTamde. Ggzis dasawyisSi, im adgilze, sadac gadmocemiT<br />
yovla<strong>wminda</strong> RvTismSobeli daibada, wm. anas laTinuri eklesiaa. kaTolikeebs,<br />
marTlmadideblebisagan gansxvavebiT, RvTismSoblis ubiwod Casaxvis swamT.<br />
am adgils pirveli “gaCereba” hqvia. Aase eZaxian am gzis yvela samaxsovro<br />
adgils, sadac saxarebis an qristianuli tradiciis mixedviT ieso qriste<br />
gaCerda.Aam adgilebze, zoggan eklesiebi da samlocveloebia aSenebuli, zoggan<br />
ki samaxsovro dafebia ganTavsebuli. romauli tradiciiT sul 14 `gaCereba”<br />
arsebobs, maTganUukanaskneli xuTi, uSualod macxovris saflavis taZarSi<br />
mdebareobs.Bbolo, meToTxmete “gaCereba”ki Tavad uflis saflavia.<br />
pirveli `gaCereba” uflis gaSoltvis adgilzea. aq dRes muslimTa<br />
meCeTia. QquCis mopirdapire mxares laTinuri monasteria, aq macxovris jvris<br />
samlocveloa, sadac gadmocemiT macxovars mxrebze jvari ahkides (ioane 19; 13-<br />
17). monasterSi Tqven ierusalimis maketi SegiZliaT ixiloT.<br />
meore `gaCerebasTan~ marTlmadidebluri eklesia mdebareobs, es is<br />
adgilia, sadac cixeSi, ieso qriste da avazakebi hyavdaT damwyvdeuli. mas<br />
zogjer barabas cixesac uwodeben.<br />
mesame `gaCereba” im adgilzea, sadac ieso pirvelad daeca. Aaq<br />
samlocvelo, kaTolike somxebs augiaT. misi restavracia meore msoflio omSi<br />
monawile poloneli jariskacebis mier Segrovebuli TanxebiTYmomxdara.<br />
(somxuri kaTolikuri eklesia jvarosnuli laSqrobis periodidan aris<br />
cnobili da dResac, ZiriTadad evropaSi moqmedebs).<br />
meoTxe `gaCereba” im adgilzea, saidanac mariam RvTismSobeli uyurebda<br />
golgoTisken mimaval, nawameb qristes. Aam eklesias, “mwuxare dedis” eklesia<br />
hqvia da is, Zveli bizantiuri eklesiis nangrevebzea agebuli. Aaqve<br />
Semonaxulia mozaika, RvTismSoblis terfebis gamosaxulebiT.<br />
mexuTe `gaCereba” im adgilzea, sadac quCa marjvniv uxvevs. aq ufals,<br />
paseqis dResaswaulze Camosuli svimon kvirineli Sexvda, romelsac romaelma<br />
jariskacebma qristes jvari ahkides mxrebze da golgoTamde atarebines (maTe,<br />
27: 32, luka, 23:26). aqvea adgili, sadac gadmocemiT, macxovari xeliT kedels<br />
mieyrdno da masze Tavisi anabeWdi datova. amave `gaCerebasTan” mdebareobs<br />
daviT winaswarmetyvelis saflavi da sionis qori - kidev erTi <strong>wminda</strong> adgili<br />
qristianTaTvis.<br />
meeqvse `gaCereba” wm. veronikas saxlTanaa. gadmocemiT wm. veronika erTerTi<br />
imaTTgania, vinc macxovars gzaze Sexvda da saxidan ofli da sisxli<br />
mo<strong>wminda</strong>. Mtiloze uflis saxis gamosaxuleba darCenila. am adgilze kaTolike<br />
berZnebs eklesia auSenebiaT.<br />
meSvide `gaCereba” im adgilzea, sadac ieso meored daeca. aq koptebis patara<br />
eklesiaa. tradiciis mixedviT, am teritoriaze qalaqis karibWe iyo (golgoTa<br />
maSin qalaqis kedlebs miRma mdebareobda).<br />
merve `gaCereba” aRniSnulia jvriTa da warweriT `I”, swored aq mimarTa<br />
macxovarma ierusalimel qalebs: “asulno ierusalimisano, nu stiriT Cems zeda<br />
aramed TavTa TquenTa stirodeT da SvilTa TquenTa” (luka 23:27,28)<br />
mecxre `gaCerebaze” mosaxvedrad igive quCiT cota ukan unda dabrundeT,<br />
vidre quCidan marjvniv, zemoT mimavali safexurebi gamoCndeba.Ees adgili
koptebis sapatriarqos ekuTvnis. aqedan macxovris saflavis taZarSi SegiZliaT<br />
moxvdeT. aqvea eTiopelebis eklesiac, romelTac israelis mTavrobam, uflis<br />
saflavis taZris saxuravze Sesasvlelis gasaRebi gadasca, ramac koptebsa da<br />
eTiopelebs Soris konfliqti gamoiwvia. maTi tradiciiT, uflis saflavis<br />
taZris swored am nawilSia is adgili, sadac abraami isaakis msxverplad<br />
Sewirvas apirebda. eTiopelebi am adgils mefe solomonsac ukavSireben,<br />
romelTa STamomavlebad miiCnevs Tavs maTi samefo dinastia.<br />
ukanaskneli xuTi `gaCereba” Tavad uflis saflavis eklesiaSia.E<br />
meaTe `gaCereba” is adgilia, sadac jariskacebma wili iesos samosze<br />
hyares. qarTuli tradiciiT uflis kvarTi, romelic mTliani da<br />
daunawevrebeli iyo, uflis gangebiT, mcxeTel ebraelebs xvdaT wilad.<br />
meTertmete da meTormete `gaCerebebi” golgoTazea. mecamete `gaCereba~<br />
zeTiscxebis lodTanaa, meToTxmete ki - Tavad uflis saflavTan.<br />
qristianuli samyaros mTavari siwminde, uflis saflavis taZaria.<br />
uflis saflavis Tanamedrove taZari uzarmazari arqiteqturuli<br />
kompleqsia, romelic moicavs golgoTas - kldes, romelzec macxovari acves<br />
jvars da rotondas - uzarmazar gumbaTovan nagebobas, romlis qveS kuvuklia -<br />
uflis saflavis samlocveloa ganTavsebuli. aqvea didi sakaTedro taZari,<br />
patiosani jvris mopovebis miwisqveSa eklesia, wmida elene dedoflis eklesia<br />
da ramdenime samlocvelo (ix. taZris gegma fotogalereaSi). taZarSi<br />
mdebareobs ramdenime monasteric. es <strong>wminda</strong> adgilebi Svid qristianul<br />
eklesias ekuTvnis: berZnul marTlmadidebels, (is marTlmadideblebs<br />
warmoadgens <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>), romaul-kaTolikurs, anu laTinurs, somxurgrigorianuls,<br />
kopturs, eTiopiurs da siriuls (iakobiturs). <strong>qarTvelebi</strong><br />
golgoTas da uflis saflavis samlocvelos gasaRebs flobdnen. maTve<br />
ekuTvnodaT mamamTavari abraamis monasteri, romelic uflis saflavis taZris<br />
mimdebare teritoriaze mdebareobs. aq dRemdea daculi qarTuli warwerebi,<br />
magram droTa ganmavlobaSi, <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong> yvela qarTuli eklesia-monasteri<br />
sxva eklesiebis sakuTrebaSi aRmoCnda. uflis wyalobiTa da saqarTvelos<br />
kaTalikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwyo saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
dabruneba <strong>wminda</strong> <strong>miwaze</strong>.
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