adamianis uflebebi da policiuri praqtika - Alpe.ge
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adamianis uflebebi da policiuri praqtika - Alpe.ge

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<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>policiuri</strong> <strong>praqtika</strong><br />

Tbilisi<br />

2005

2<br />

gzamkvlevi “<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>policiuri</strong> <strong>praqtika</strong>”<br />

momzadebulia fond ALPE-is <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos policiis<br />

akademiis eqspertebis mier. is miznad isaxavs praqtikos<br />

policielTa codnis gaRrmavebas <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

sakiTxebSi <strong>da</strong> demokratiuli <strong>policiuri</strong><br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas saqarTveloSi.<br />

gzamkvlevSi gamoyenebulia CrdiloeT irlandiis policiis<br />

samasaxuris mier mowodebuli masalebi

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cva ganuyofla<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli policiis<br />

saqmianobasTan <strong>da</strong> mis uSualo funqcias warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. policias<br />

Tavisi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas moeTxoveba ara mxolod pativi<br />

sces, aramed uzrunvelyos <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s efeqturi <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />

rodesac a<strong>da</strong>minis uflebebze vsaubrobT, pirveli kiTxva swored mis<br />

cnebasTan mimarTebaSi warmoiSoba.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa arsi<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong> saTaves<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> Sinagani bunebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

misi moraluri cnobierebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

Rirsebis SegrZnebi<strong>da</strong>n iRebs.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong> sayovelTao,<br />

ganuyofeli <strong>da</strong> yvelasaTvis<br />

Tanasworia, rac imas niSnavs, rom<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s subieqts<br />

yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns,<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad rasisa, kanis ferisa,<br />

erovnuli <strong>da</strong> religiuri<br />

kuTvnilebisa, sqesisa, enisa,<br />

politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsisa,<br />

qonebrivi<br />

mdgomareobis Tu socialuri<br />

warmomavlobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

statusisa. <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

xelSeuvalia.<br />

SeuZlebelia maTi warTmeva an<br />

maTze uaris Tqma.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

saerTaSoriso samarTliTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong>saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

kanonmdeblobiTaa <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili.<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTliT <strong>da</strong><br />

xelSekrulebebiT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nilia<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, romlebic<br />

uzrunvelyofs <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s efeqturi <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

meqanizmebis Seqmnas. TiToeuli<br />

saxelmwifo valdebulia<br />

uzrunvelyos misi konstituciisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba im<br />

valdebulebebTan, romlebic mas<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s saerTaSoriso<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare<br />

akisria.<br />

arsebobs gaeros sistemaSi moqmedi<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>mcavi<br />

sistema <strong>da</strong> regionuli sistemebi.<br />

3

4<br />

saqarTvelo evropis sabWos<br />

wevri qveyanaa, rac imas<br />

gulisxmobs rom igi valdebulia<br />

uzrunvelyos evropis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis konvenciis<br />

moTxovnaTa Sesruleba.<br />

aRniSnuli konvencia evropis<br />

sabWos mier 1950 wels iqna<br />

miRebuli <strong>da</strong> umniSvnelovanes<br />

saerTaSoriso dokuments<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvenciis monawile<br />

saxelmwifoTa umravlesobis<br />

msgavsad, saqarTveloSi es<br />

konvencia kanonmdeblobis nawils<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

cxadia, rom saqarTveloSi myof<br />

nebismier fizikur an iuridiul<br />

pirs SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>eyrdnos<br />

konvenciis debulebebs <strong>da</strong> amis<br />

safuZvelze <strong>da</strong>amtkicos <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>rRveva.<br />

vidre policieli Tavisi<br />

yoveldRiuri uflebamosilebis<br />

ganxorcielebas Seud<strong>ge</strong>ba,<br />

aucilebelia gaiazros, rom<br />

policielis nebismieri qmedeba,<br />

Tu is ar Seesabameba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis evropuli<br />

konvenciis moTxovnebs <strong>da</strong> ar<br />

uzrunvelyofs am konvenciiT<br />

garantirebuli <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvas, arakanonieria <strong>da</strong> is adre<br />

Tu gvian aucileblad <strong>da</strong>isjeba.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>mrRvevi<br />

potenciurad nebismier dros<br />

SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>isajos. amis garanti<br />

pirvel rigSi moqalaqea,<br />

romelsac aqvs ufleba<br />

mimarTos rogorc saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmsajulebis organoebs,<br />

ise, evropis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong> moiTxovos<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveuli <strong>uflebebi</strong>s aRd<strong>ge</strong>na<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mnaSavis <strong>da</strong>sja. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom aseTi precedentebi ukve<br />

arsebobs saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong> droTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi maTi raodenoba<br />

matulobs.<br />

policiis TanamSromeli pasuxs<br />

a<strong>ge</strong>bs sakuTar qmedebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

umoqmedobaze.

amasTan, policiis<br />

xelmZRvanelobas ekisreba<br />

umniSvnelovanesi roli<br />

uzrunvelyos mis xelqveiTTa<br />

qmedebebis Sesabamisoba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis moTxovnebTan.<br />

winamdebare sainformacio<br />

broSuris mizania policielebs<br />

gaacnos <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis evropuli konvenciiT<br />

garantirebuli is <strong>uflebebi</strong>,<br />

romlebTanac policias, misi<br />

saqmianobis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, yvelaze xSiri Sexeba<br />

SeiZleba hqondes. paralelurad<br />

ganxilulia Sesabamisi<br />

regulireba am uflebebTan<br />

mimarTebaSi, romelTac<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />

ad<strong>ge</strong>nen.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropul<br />

konvenciasa <strong>da</strong> mis <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />

oqmebSi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, samoqalaqo<br />

<strong>da</strong> politikuri <strong>uflebebi</strong>a<br />

ganmtkicebuli.<br />

evropuli konvencia:<br />

sicocxlis ufleba (meore<br />

muxli);<br />

wamebis akrZalva (mesame<br />

muxli);<br />

monobisa <strong>da</strong> iZulebiTi<br />

Sromis akrZalva (meoTxe<br />

muxli);<br />

Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis<br />

ufleba (mexuTe muxli);<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlos<br />

ufleba (meeqvse muxli);<br />

sasjelis ukuqceviTi<br />

gamoyenebis akrZalva<br />

(meSvide muxli);<br />

piradi <strong>da</strong> ojaxuri<br />

cxovrebis pativiscemis<br />

ufleba (merve muxli);<br />

azris, sindisis <strong>da</strong> religiis<br />

Tavisufleba (mecxre<br />

muxli);<br />

5

6<br />

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba<br />

(meaTe muxli);<br />

Sekrebisa <strong>da</strong> gaerTianebis<br />

Tavisufleba (meTerTmete<br />

muxli);<br />

qorwinebis ufleba<br />

(meTormete muxli);<br />

efeqtiani<br />

Si<strong>da</strong>saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis xelmisawvdomobis<br />

ufleba (mecamete muxli);<br />

diskriminaciis akrZalva<br />

(meToTxmete muxli).<br />

pirveli oqmi:<br />

sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cva (pirveli<br />

muxli);<br />

ganaTlebis ufleba (meore<br />

muxli);<br />

Tavisufal arCevnebSi<br />

monawileobis ufleba<br />

(mesame muxli);<br />

meoTxe oqmi:<br />

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />

akrZalva valis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>uxdelobis gamo<br />

(pirveli muxli);<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis<br />

Tavisufleba (meore muxli);<br />

moqalaqeebis gaZevebis<br />

akrZalva (mesame muxli);<br />

ucxoelTa koleqtiuri<br />

gaZevebis akrZalva (meoTxe<br />

muxli).<br />

meeqvse oqmi:<br />

meeqvse oqmi krZalavs sikvdiliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sjas mSvidobian periodSi.<br />

Tumca, es akrZalva ar aris<br />

absoluturi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n sikvdiliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sja SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />

omis an misi gar<strong>da</strong>uvali safrTxis<br />

dros.

meSvide oqmi:<br />

ucxoelTa gaZevebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

proceduruli garantiebi<br />

(pirveli muxli);<br />

ganaCenis gasaCivrebis<br />

ufleba zemdgom<br />

sasamarTloSi (meore<br />

muxli);<br />

kompensaciis moTxovnis<br />

ufleba aramarTebuli<br />

msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

(mesame muxli);<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> imave<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulisaTvis<br />

xelmeored gasamarTlebis<br />

an <strong>da</strong>sjis akrZalva (meoTxe<br />

muxli);<br />

meuRleTa Soris<br />

Tanasworoba (mexuTe<br />

muxli).<br />

meTormete oqmi:<br />

meTormete oqmi krZalavs<br />

diskriminacias yvela im<br />

uflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />

romlebic pirs eniWeba erovnuli<br />

kanonmdeblobiT.<br />

mecamete oqmi:<br />

mecamete oqmi krZalavs sikvdiliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sjas nebismier dros, maT Soris<br />

saomari mdgomareobis dros.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvencia iTvaliswinebs masSi<br />

Camoyalibebul uflebaTa <strong>da</strong><br />

TavisuflebaTa marTlzomieri<br />

SezRudvis SesaZleblobas<br />

saxelmwifos mier. konvenciis me-<br />

8 <strong>da</strong> me-11 muxlebi iTvaliswinebs<br />

am muxlebiT ganmtkicebuli<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

SezRudvis SesaZleblobas.<br />

“policiis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos<br />

kanonis 8-e muxlis me-3 punqti<br />

ad<strong>ge</strong>ns, rom samsaxurebrivi<br />

movaleobis Sesrulebisas<br />

policiis TanamSromeli<br />

7

8<br />

valdebulia zustad <strong>da</strong>icvas<br />

moqalaqis kanonieri <strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

es <strong>uflebebi</strong> SezRudos mxolod<br />

<strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili wesiT.<br />

uflebis SezRudvis yovel<br />

calkeul SemTxvevaSi policiis<br />

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni<br />

policiels avaldebulebs, rom<br />

pirs ganumartos SezRudvis<br />

gamoyenebis safuZveli <strong>da</strong> is<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>, romliTac mas am<br />

SezRudvis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia<br />

isar<strong>ge</strong>blos.<br />

amdenad, aucilebelia policiis<br />

TanamSromelma icodes,<br />

ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba<br />

SezRudva marTlzomierad.<br />

konvenciis Tanaxmad, SezRudva<br />

marTlzomieria, Tu igi Semdeg sam<br />

pirobas akmayofilebs:<br />

mas iTvaliswinebs kanoni,<br />

an igi <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nilia kanonis<br />

Sesabamisad;<br />

igi emsaxureba kanonier<br />

mizans (mag. janmrTelobis<br />

an zneobis <strong>da</strong>cva),<br />

romelic pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />

aris gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

konvenciis konkretuli<br />

muxliT;<br />

igi aucilebelia<br />

demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebaSi.<br />

gTavazobT TiToeuli principis<br />

mokle mimoxilvas.

uflebis marTlzomieri<br />

SezRudvis kanonieri<br />

safuZveli<br />

`kanonierebis~ principi evropis<br />

konvenciis teqstSi gvxvdeba<br />

Semdegi formulirebebiT: “kanonis<br />

Tanaxmad”, “kanoniT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nilia” <strong>da</strong><br />

“kanonieria”.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s SezRudvisas<br />

“kanonierebis” ga<strong>ge</strong>ba un<strong>da</strong><br />

emyarebodes am SezRudvis kanoniT<br />

gansazRvrul <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />

safuZvlebs. amasTan, termini<br />

“kanoni” un<strong>da</strong> ganimartos<br />

ara SezRudulad, rogorc<br />

normatiuli aqtis erT-erTi saxe,<br />

aramed, rogorc normatiuli aqti<br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d.<br />

am principis sworad ga<strong>ge</strong>bisaTvis<br />

sayuradReboa evropis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis sasamarTlos<br />

mosazreba, romelic man<br />

`sandi Taimsi gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg” saqmesTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gamoTqva:<br />

“pirvel rigSi, kanoni un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos advilad xelmisawvdomi:<br />

moqalaqeebs garemoebebis<br />

mixedviT un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT<br />

SesaZlebloba gaerkvnen,<br />

Tu romeli samarTlebrivi<br />

norma gamoiyeneba mocemul<br />

SemTxvevaSi. norma ar SeiZleba<br />

CaiTvalos “kanonad”, Tu igi ar<br />

aris Camoyalibebuli sakmarisi<br />

sicxadiT, raTa moqalaqem<br />

SeZlos, Seusabamos mas Tavisi<br />

moqmedeba: a<strong>da</strong>mians un<strong>da</strong> hqondes<br />

SesaZlebloba gansazRvros<br />

is Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi, romlebic aseT<br />

moqmedebas SeiZleba mohyves”<br />

amdenad, <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos<br />

precedentuli samarTlis<br />

praqtiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

kanonierebis princips<br />

Semdegnairi ganmarteba SeiZleba<br />

mieces:<br />

kanoni, romlis safuZvelze<br />

an Sesabamisa<strong>da</strong>c xdeba<br />

SezRudva un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

xelmisawvdomi maTTvis,<br />

visac es SezRudva exeba;<br />

9

10<br />

kanoni an wesi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

naTlad <strong>da</strong> gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />

formulirebuli, raTa maT,<br />

visac is exeba SeZlon misi<br />

ga<strong>ge</strong>ba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, ise<br />

moqmedeba, rom mocemuli<br />

kanoni an wesi ar <strong>da</strong>arRvion.<br />

uflebis SezRudvis<br />

kanonieri mizani<br />

meore piroba, romlis<br />

safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia<br />

uflebis SezRudvis<br />

marTlzomierad miCneva, aris<br />

misi kanonieri mizani. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,<br />

kanonieri miznebi, romelTa<br />

gamoc SeiZleba esa Tu is ufleba<br />

SeizRudos, konvenciis Sesabamis<br />

muxlSia formulirebuli.<br />

calkeuli muxliT garantirebuli<br />

ufleba mxolod im mizniT SeiZleba<br />

SeizRudos, romelic pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />

aris masSi miTiTebuli.<br />

konvenciis me-8 <strong>da</strong> me-11 muxlebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

(piradi <strong>da</strong> ojaxuri cxovrebis<br />

pativiscemis ufleba; azris,<br />

sindisis <strong>da</strong> religiis Tavisufleba;<br />

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba; Sekrebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaerTianebis Tavisufleba)<br />

SeiZleba SeizRudos Semdegi<br />

kanonieri miznebis misaRwevad:<br />

erovnuli uSiSroebis,<br />

sazogadoebrivi<br />

usafrTxoebis, terito-

iuli mTlianobis an<br />

qveynis ekonomikuri<br />

keTildReobis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

uwesrigobis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

aRkveTa;<br />

janmrTelobisa <strong>da</strong> zneobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

sxvaTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s, aseve<br />

sxvaTa reputaciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

konfidencialurad<br />

miRebuli informaciis<br />

gamJRavnebis aRkveTa;<br />

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis<br />

avtoritetisa <strong>da</strong><br />

miukerZoeblobis<br />

uzrunvelyofa.<br />

uflebis SezRudvis<br />

aucilebloba demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebaSi<br />

evropis konvenciis me-8 <strong>da</strong> me-<br />

11 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

uflebaTa SezRudvis<br />

marTlzomierebisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebulia aseve mesame<br />

piroba, romlis Tanaxmad<br />

SezRudva aucilebeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.<br />

uflebis SezRudva aucilebelia<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Tu igi gamowveulia mwvave<br />

sazogadoebrivi saWiroebiT.<br />

amasTan, saxelmwifos mier<br />

gatarebul RonisZiebaTa<br />

marTlzomierebis Sefasebisas<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvetia proporciulobis<br />

principis <strong>da</strong>cva, rac imas<br />

gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifos<br />

mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebani<br />

proporciuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos mwvave<br />

sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisa.<br />

es SezRudva un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes<br />

mizans <strong>da</strong> gamarTlebuli un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos arsebuli viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare. qmedeba un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

metad win<strong>da</strong>xeduli <strong>da</strong> frTxili<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenebodes mxolod<br />

11

12<br />

legitimuri miznis misaRwevad.<br />

SemzRudveli qmedeba ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos usamarTlo an TviTneburi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis Sedegi.<br />

policiis TanamSromelma un<strong>da</strong><br />

icodes, rom konvenciis me-8 <strong>da</strong><br />

me-11 muxlebiT garantirebuli<br />

uflebis SezRudvis aucileblobis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, is <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom es RonisZieba<br />

legitimuri mizniT aris gamarTlebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> igi arsebuli konkretuli<br />

garemoebis adekvaturia.policielma<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gaiazros, arsebobs Tu<br />

ara uflebis SemzRudveli qmedebis<br />

naklebad mZime alternativa,<br />

romlis saSualebiTac SeiZleba<br />

miznis miRweva.<br />

evropis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

sasamarTlom detalurad<br />

ganmarta, Tu ra SeiZleba iyos<br />

uflebis SezRudvis safuZveli<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebis<br />

aucileblobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. es<br />

ganmarteba gakeT<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo<br />

saqmeze `silveri gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg”.<br />

sasamarTlom miuTiTa:<br />

zedsarTavi saxeli<br />

“aucilebeli” ar aris<br />

sityva “gar<strong>da</strong>uvalis”<br />

sinonimi, Tumca mas arc<br />

iseTi farTo ganmarteba<br />

SeiZleba mieces,<br />

rogoricaa, magaliTad,<br />

“<strong>da</strong>saSvebi”, “Cveulebrivi”,<br />

“sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo”,“mizanSewoni-<br />

li” an “sasurveli”;<br />

xelSemkvrel saxelmwifo-<br />

ebs aqvT garkveuli, magram<br />

ara usazRvro Sefasebis<br />

farglebi SezRudvebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebisas. sabolood<br />

sasamarTlo Tavad ad<strong>ge</strong>ns,<br />

Seesabameba Tu ara es<br />

SezRudvebi konvencias;<br />

fraza – “aucilebelia<br />

demokratiul sazogadoeba-<br />

Si” niSnavs, rom imisaTvis,<br />

raTa Careva Seesabamebodes<br />

konvencias, is un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seesabamebodes “mwvave<br />

sazogadoebriv saWiroebas”<br />

<strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iyos im kanonieri<br />

miznis proporciuli,<br />

romlis miRwevasac igi

emsaxureba;<br />

konvenciis muxlebis<br />

is punqtebi, romlebic<br />

garantirebuli <strong>uflebebi</strong><strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamonakliss iTvalis-<br />

wineben, SezRudulad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ganimarton.<br />

amdenad, saxelmwifoebs aqvT<br />

Sefasebis garkveuli Tavisufleba,<br />

Tumca Sefaseba imisa, aris Tu<br />

ara uflebis SezRudva “mwvave<br />

sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis”<br />

proporciuli, eqvemdebareba<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos kontrols.<br />

strasburgis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

evropuli sasamarTlo amowmebs,<br />

<strong>da</strong>akmayofila Tu ara uflebis<br />

SezRudvam konvenciis moTxovnebi,<br />

maT Soris, gamomdinareobs Tu<br />

ara uflebaTa SezRudva `mwvave<br />

sazogadoebrivi saWiroebi<strong>da</strong>n”<br />

<strong>da</strong> aris Tu ara igi konvenciiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli romelime<br />

kanonieri miznis proporciuli.<br />

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />

evropuli sasamarTlo amowmebs,<br />

ramdenad <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli <strong>da</strong><br />

gamarTlebulia saxelmwifos<br />

mier im debulebaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnoba,<br />

romelic <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebis<br />

SezRudvas iTvaliswinebs.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, rodesac<br />

saqme exeba demokratiul<br />

saxelmwifoSi uflebis SezRudvis<br />

aucileblobas, pasuxi un<strong>da</strong> gaeces<br />

Semdeg kiTxvebs:<br />

<strong>da</strong>kmayofildeba Tu ara<br />

uflebis SemzRudveli<br />

qmedebiT sazogadoebrivi<br />

saWiroeba?<br />

emsaxureba Tu ara<br />

SezRudva legitimur<br />

mizans?<br />

Seesabameba Tu ara<br />

SezRudvis farglebSi<br />

ganxorcielebuli qmedeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxul mizans?<br />

imisaTvis, rom Tqveni rogorc<br />

policielis qmedeba konvenciis<br />

me-8 <strong>da</strong> me-11 muxlebiT<br />

garantirebuli <strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

SezRudvebis ganxorcielebis dros<br />

SesabamisobaSi iyos konvenciiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nil stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan, un<strong>da</strong><br />

gaiTvaliswinoT Semdegi:<br />

aris Tu ara Tqvens<br />

13

14<br />

qmedebaSi imis albaToba,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>irRves <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvencia;<br />

aqvs Tu ara Tqvens qmedebas<br />

kanonieri safuZveli;<br />

aris Tu ara RonisZieba,<br />

romlis ganxorcielebasac<br />

apirebT, aucilebeli <strong>da</strong><br />

saWiro;<br />

Seesabameba Tu ara Tqven<br />

mier <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmili qmedeba<br />

arsebul viTarebas.<br />

am kiTxvebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />

sasurvelia <strong>da</strong> zog<br />

SemTxvevaSi aucilebelic, rom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebis procesi<br />

werilobiT aRweroT.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvenciis me-15 muxlis<br />

Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos SeuZlia<br />

SezRudos (an <strong>da</strong>Tqmebis gakeTebis<br />

saSualebiT ga<strong>da</strong>uxvios)<br />

konvenciiTa <strong>da</strong> misi oqmebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebul uflebebs <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavisuflebebs saomari an sxva<br />

sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo mdgomareobis dros.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, konvenciis me-15<br />

muxlis safuZvelze ar SeiZleba<br />

SeizRudos konvenciiTa <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

oqmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela<br />

ufleba <strong>da</strong> Tavisufleba.<br />

evropuli konvenciis<br />

me-15 muxlis me-2 punqtiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

absoluturia <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />

saomari an sxva sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo<br />

mdgomareobis drosac ikrZaleba<br />

maTi SezRudva.<br />

am uflebebs ganekuTvneba:<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

(gar<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevisa,<br />

rodesac gar<strong>da</strong>cvaleba<br />

saomar moqmedebaTa<br />

Sedegia).<br />

wamebis, arahumanuri an<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli mopyrobis<br />

an sasjelis akrZalva;<br />

monobis, iZulebiTi an<br />

savaldebulo Sromis<br />

akrZalva;

sisxlis samarTlis<br />

kanonmdeblobisaTvis<br />

ukuqceviTi Zalis<br />

miniWebis akrZalva.<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

(konvenciis muxli 2)<br />

1. <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sicocxlis<br />

ufleba <strong>da</strong>culia<br />

kanoniT. ar SeiZleba<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sicocxlis<br />

ganzrax xelyofa, gar<strong>da</strong><br />

im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac<br />

sruldeba sasamarTlos<br />

ganaCeni pirovnebis <strong>da</strong>mna-<br />

Saved aRiarebis Semdeg <strong>da</strong><br />

roca aseT sasjels iTva-<br />

liswinebs kanoni.<br />

2. sicocxlis xelyofa ar<br />

CaiTvleba am muxlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevad, Tu es Cadenilia<br />

Zalis gamoyenebiT, rac<br />

Tavis mxriv, aucilebeli<br />

iyo.<br />

aseTi SemTxvevebia:<br />

nebismieri pirovnebis<br />

ukanono Zaladobisgan<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

kanonieri <strong>da</strong>kaveba, an<br />

kanonierad <strong>da</strong>patimrebuli<br />

15

16<br />

piris gaqcevis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acileba;<br />

amboxebisa <strong>da</strong> ajanyebis<br />

CasaxSobad kanonis<br />

Sesabamisad zomebis miReba;<br />

sicocxlis ufleba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

umniSvnelovanesi uflebaa.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvencia moiTxovs xelmomweri<br />

saxelmwifoebisgan miiRon iseTi<br />

kanonebi, romlebic krZalaven<br />

mkvlelobis garkveul formebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> xels uSlian saxelmwifos<br />

mier TviTneburi mkvlelobis<br />

aRsrulebas. a<strong>da</strong>mians sicocxle<br />

SeiZleba waerTvas mxolod<br />

mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlo<br />

mas braldebulad scnobs<br />

iseTi <strong>da</strong>naSaulis CadenaSi,<br />

romlisTvisac kanoni<br />

iTvaliswinebs sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sjas.<br />

konvencia krZalavs sicocxlis<br />

xelyofas, magram amave dros is<br />

uSvebs iseTi Zalis gamoyenebis<br />

SesaZleblobas, rasac SesaZloa<br />

mohyves sicocxlis xelyofa.<br />

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac<br />

saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos<br />

mis xelT arsebuli yvela<br />

saSualeba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sicocxlis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sarCenad. amisaTvis ki<br />

SeiZleba aucilebeli iyos sxva<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sicocxlis xelyofa.<br />

am dros saxelmwifos SeuZlia<br />

<strong>da</strong> man un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos kidec,<br />

Tu romeli sicocxlisaTvis<br />

ibrZvis igi Tavisi represiuli<br />

saSualebebiT. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

saxelwifos ufleba aqvs xelyos<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSavis sicocxle <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

Cadenis momentSi, roca mxolod<br />

<strong>da</strong> mxolod asea SesaZlebeli<br />

msxverplis sicocxlis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCena (magaliTad, mZevlebis<br />

ganTavisuflebis dros).<br />

sicocxlis ukanono xelyofis<br />

aRmkveTi zomebis miReba<br />

<strong>da</strong> mkvlelobis saqmeebis<br />

zedmiwevniT gamoZieba policias<br />

gansakuTrebul rols akisrebs<br />

sicocxlis uflebis <strong>da</strong>cvaSi.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT policiis<br />

saqmianobis specifika moiTxovs<br />

Zalis kanonieri gamoyenebis<br />

uzrunvelyofas. gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovania aucileblobisa

<strong>da</strong> Tanazomierebis principebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva, rac gaeros mier miRebul<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos<br />

moxeleTa qcevis kodeqsis me-<br />

3 muxlSia ganmtkicebuli. am<br />

principebis Tanaxmad, policia<br />

uflebamosilia mimarTos Zalas<br />

mxolod im zomiT, romelic<br />

gamarTlebulia <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

aRkveTis, aseve <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveTa<br />

Tu <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanilis<br />

kanonieri <strong>da</strong>patimrebis<br />

aucileblobiT.<br />

gaeros samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi<br />

sferos moxeleTa mier Zalisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis ZiriTadi principebi<br />

ad<strong>ge</strong>ns, policiis mier Zalisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs. aq<br />

aRniSnulia, rom “samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi<br />

sferos moxeleebs ar SeuZliaT<br />

gamoiyenon cecxlsasroli iaraRi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis winaaRmdeg, gar<strong>da</strong><br />

Semdegi gamonaklisebisa:<br />

sakuTari an sxvaTa<br />

sicocxlis <strong>da</strong>sacavad<br />

realuri safrTxisgan;<br />

sakuTari Tavis an sxvaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavad <strong>da</strong>saxiCrebisgan;<br />

mZime <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

aRsakveTad, rac safrTxes<br />

uqmnis a<strong>da</strong>mianebis sicoc-<br />

xles;<br />

mZime <strong>da</strong>naSauli, Camdeni<br />

piris <strong>da</strong>sapatimreblad,<br />

Tu igi winaaRmdegobas<br />

uwevs samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavs,<br />

an cdilobs gaqcevas, Tu<br />

amisTvis naklebad<br />

eqstremaluri zomebi ar<br />

aris sakmarisi.<br />

yvela SemTxvevaSi,<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod<br />

maSin, rodesac es gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia<br />

sicocxlis <strong>da</strong>sacavad.”<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>mcvelma<br />

erT-erTma gavlenianma<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciam<br />

`saerTaSoriso amnistia”<br />

1998 wels SeimuSava sworad<br />

moqcevis 10 ZiriTadi stan<strong>da</strong>rti<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi organoebisTvis.<br />

am dokumentis mixedviT, Zala,<br />

17

18<br />

romlis gamoyenebamac SeiZleba<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sicocxle xelyos,<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavma un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos<br />

mxolod maSin, rodesac es<br />

absoluturad gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia<br />

sakuTari an sxva <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

sicocxlis ga<strong>da</strong>sarCenad,<br />

aseve, Tuki amisi ukiduresi<br />

aucilebloba arsebobs.<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sicocxlis xelmyofi Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, rodesac<br />

arsebobs sicocxlisaTvis aSkara<br />

safrTxe, an janmrTelobisTvis<br />

zianis miyenebis saSiSroeba, aseve<br />

Tu naTelia, rom naklebad mkacri<br />

meTodebi araefeqturia.<br />

saqarTvelos konstitucia<br />

acxadebs, rom `sicocxle <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

xelSeuvali uflebaa <strong>da</strong> mas<br />

icavs kanoni~. Tumca erovnuli<br />

kanonmdebloba calkeul<br />

SemTxvevebSi iTvaliswinebs iseTi<br />

Zalis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas,<br />

rasac SesaZloa mohyves <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

sicocxlis mospoba.<br />

policielis mier Zalis<br />

gamoyenebad miiCneva<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis,<br />

rezinis xelketis,<br />

eleqtroSokuri mowyobilobis,<br />

cremlsadeni gazis <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

saSualebebis gamoyeneba. amaTgan,<br />

sicocxlisaTvis yvelaze<br />

meti safrTxis Semcveli aris<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRi, romlis<br />

gamoyenebis pirobebs ad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />

saqarTvelos kanoni “policiis<br />

Sesaxeb.”<br />

kanoniT cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebad miiCneva gamiznuli<br />

gasrola, romelsac policiis<br />

TanamSromeli mimarTavs<br />

ukiduresi RonisZiebis saxiT<br />

Semdegi miznebis misaRwevad:<br />

moqalaqisa <strong>da</strong> Tavis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavad iseTi<br />

safrTxisagan, romelic<br />

realur saSiSroebas uqmnis<br />

maT sicocxles an<br />

janmrTelobas;<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

warTmevis aRsakveTad;

mZevlebis<br />

gasaTavisuflebad;<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebis an patimrobis<br />

adgili<strong>da</strong>n gaqcevis<br />

aRsakveTad;<br />

mZime <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

aRsakveTad, aseve<br />

aseTi <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

Camdeni piris <strong>da</strong>kavebis<br />

mizniT, Tu igi<br />

winaaRmdegobas uwevs<br />

policiis TanamSromels an<br />

Seecdeba gaqcevas;<br />

moqalaqeTa binebze,<br />

<strong>da</strong>cul obieqtebze, aseve<br />

saxelmwifo organoebis,<br />

sazogadoebrivi organi-<br />

zaciebis, kerZo sakuTrebis<br />

obieqtebze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis<br />

mosa<strong>ge</strong>rieblad;<br />

moqalaqeTa <strong>da</strong>sacavad saSiS<br />

cxovelTa Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmisagan;<br />

gangaSis signalis micemis an<br />

<strong>da</strong>mxmare Zalis<br />

gamosaZaxeblad;<br />

satransporto saSualebis<br />

gaCerebis mizniT mis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sazianeblad, Tu mZRolis<br />

moqmedeba realur<br />

safrTxes uqmnis a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

sicocxles <strong>da</strong> janmrTelo-<br />

bas, xolo mZRoli ar<br />

emorCileba policiis<br />

TanamSromlis araerTgzis<br />

moTxovnas satransporto<br />

saSualebis gaCerebis<br />

Sesaxeb.<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebas win un<strong>da</strong> uZRodes<br />

sityvieri gafrTxileba misi<br />

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. aucileblobis<br />

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba<br />

gamafrTxilebeli gasrola.<br />

kanoni iTvaliswinebs SemTxvevebs,<br />

rodesac SesaZlebelia<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba<br />

gafrTxilebis gareSe.<br />

aseTi SemTxvevebia:<br />

SeiaraRebuli, sabrZolo<br />

teqnikis, nebismieri saxis<br />

satransporto an<br />

meqanikuri saSualebiT<br />

moulodneli Tav<strong>da</strong>sxma;<br />

19

20<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulis an patimris<br />

gaqceva satransporto<br />

saSualebi<strong>da</strong>n, an misi<br />

gamoyenebiT;<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSavis <strong>da</strong>kavebis an<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebis dros mis mier<br />

SeiaraRebuli winaaRmdego-<br />

bis gaweva;<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulis an <strong>da</strong>patim-<br />

rebulis SeiaraRebuli<br />

gaqceva;<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulis an <strong>da</strong>patim-<br />

rebulis satransporto<br />

saSualebi<strong>da</strong>n, an<br />

SezRuduli xilvadobis <strong>da</strong><br />

tyian adgilebSi gaqceva.<br />

sad aris akrZaluli<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyeneba?<br />

iseT adgilebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

SesaZlebelia sxva pirTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>Saveba;<br />

cecxlsaSiS <strong>da</strong> feTqebad-<br />

saSiS adgilebSi.<br />

vis mimarT aris akrZaluli<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyeneba?<br />

orsulobis, mcirewlov-<br />

nobis, invalidobis an<br />

xan<strong>da</strong>zmulobis aSkara<br />

niSnebis mqone pirTa<br />

mimarT, gar<strong>da</strong> im<br />

SemTxvevebisa, rodesac<br />

isini SeiaraRebulni<br />

arian, an axorcieleben<br />

jgufur Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmas, rac<br />

safrTxes uqmnis moqalaqis<br />

an policiis TanamSromlis<br />

sicocxles.<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, policiis<br />

TanamSromeli movalea yvela Rone<br />

ixmaros sxva pirTa usafrTxoebis<br />

uzrunvelsayofad <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zaralebulisaTvis ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli<br />

samedicino <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gasawevad.<br />

akrZalulia iseTi saxis<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sabZolo masalis gamoyeneba,<br />

romelic <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> mZime<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxiCrebas iwvevs, an<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia gaumarTlebel

iskTan <strong>da</strong> ikrZaleba<br />

saerTaSoriso konvenciebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

aqtebiT.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropul<br />

sasamarTlos konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

dros Semdegi sayuradRebo<br />

mosazrebebi aqvs gamoTqmuli:<br />

<br />

konvenciis 2.2 muxli gansazRvravs<br />

ara im SemTxvevebs, rodesac<br />

neba<strong>da</strong>rTulia pirovnebis<br />

sicocxlis ganzrax xelyofa,<br />

aramed iTvaliswinebs<br />

im garemoebebs (ukanono<br />

Zaladobisagan <strong>da</strong>cva; kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimreba an kanonierad<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebuli piris gaqcevis aRkveTa;<br />

amboxis an ajanyebis winaaRmdeg<br />

kanoniT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili zomebis<br />

miReba), rodesac neba<strong>da</strong>rTulia<br />

Zalis gamoyeneba, ramac SesaZloa<br />

gamoiwvios sikvdili winaswari<br />

ganzraxvis gareSe.<br />

<br />

2.2 muxliT gansazRvrul<br />

SemTxvevebSi, Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

ar un<strong>da</strong> gascdes “absoluturi<br />

aucileblobis” farglebs.<br />

<br />

yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Zalis gamoyeneba mkacrad<br />

Tanazomieri un<strong>da</strong> iyos 2.2 muxliT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli<br />

aucileblobisa.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli<br />

saqmeebi<strong>da</strong>n Cans, rom xSirad TviT<br />

policielisa Tu jariskacis<br />

moqmedeba, ramac <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

sicocxlis mospoba gamoiwvia,<br />

ar ewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>ba konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxls, radganac mis xelT<br />

arsebuli informaciiT es qmdeba<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>n<strong>da</strong> `absolutur<br />

aucileblobas~ <strong>da</strong> proporciuli<br />

iyo Seqmnili viTarebisa.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, Catarebuli<br />

operacia mTlianobaSi mainc<br />

21

22<br />

laxav<strong>da</strong> konvenciis me-2 muxliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>cul sicocxlis uflebas. amis<br />

mizezi SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo<br />

uflebamosili pirebis mier<br />

operaciis araswori <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmva,<br />

mc<strong>da</strong>r an ga<strong>da</strong>umowmebel<br />

informaciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT<br />

moqmedeba <strong>da</strong> sxva. aseT<br />

SemTxvevebSi, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

policieli sicocxlisTvis saSiSi<br />

Zalis gamoyenebisas moqmedeb<strong>da</strong><br />

kanonzomierad, xelisufleba<br />

mainc ver ganTavisufldeba<br />

pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobisagan, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />

igi valdebulia pativi sces<br />

eWvmitanilis sicocxlis<br />

uflebas <strong>da</strong> Seecados problemis<br />

naklebad Zaladobrivi meTodebiT<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>Wras. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Zala, rasac mohyva <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

sicocxlis mospoba, miCneul<br />

iqneba absolutur aucileblobaze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>metebul Zalad, rac<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaa.<br />

amis sailustraciod qvemoT<br />

moyvanili saqme gamod<strong>ge</strong>ba.<br />

saqmis `makkeni <strong>da</strong> sxvebi<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg; 17/1994/464/545”<br />

ganxilvisas <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

evropulma sasamarTlom sxva<br />

garemoebebTan erTad Seiswavla<br />

policiis mier teroristuli<br />

aqtis <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmvaSi eWvmitanili<br />

jgufis wevrebis <strong>da</strong>sapatimreblad<br />

ganxorcielebuli operaciis<br />

organizaciisa <strong>da</strong> kontrolis<br />

sakiTxebi.<br />

am saqmeze momCivan mxares<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ndnen britaneTis<br />

armiis specialuri <strong>da</strong>nayofis<br />

jariskacebis mier gibraltarSi<br />

1988 wlis 6 marts mokluli<br />

irlandiis respublikuri armiis<br />

(IRA) erT-erTi jgufis wevrebis<br />

naTesavebi.<br />

britaneTisa <strong>da</strong> espaneTis<br />

Sesabamisi uwyebebisTvis 1987 wlis<br />

noemberSi cnobili gax<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

IRA <strong>ge</strong>gmav<strong>da</strong> teroristuli aqtis<br />

ganxorcielebas gibraltarSi.<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>, rom momzadebuliyo<br />

teroristTa gauvnebelyofis<br />

operacia. <strong>da</strong>zvervis monacemebiT<br />

teroristebis samizne teritoria<br />

gibraltaris mTavari moe<strong>da</strong>ni<br />

iyo, xolo teroristuli<br />

aqtis savaraudo dro - samefo<br />

polkis guSagTa Secvlis

ceremonia, romelic dilis 11<br />

saaTze imarTebo<strong>da</strong>. arsebuli<br />

informaciiT asafeTqebeli<br />

nivTiereba, romelic distanciuri<br />

marTvis meqanizmis meSveobiT<br />

un<strong>da</strong> moeyvanaT moqmedebaSi,<br />

moTavsebuli iqnebo<strong>da</strong> moednis<br />

mimdebare teritoriaze gaCerebul<br />

manqanaSi.<br />

6 marts IRA-s sami wevri - aniel<br />

makkeni, Son seviji <strong>da</strong> mairad<br />

fareli gibraltarSi ga<strong>da</strong>vidnen.<br />

<strong>ge</strong>gmis Tanaxmad, maTze mudmivi<br />

TvalTvali mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romlis drosac gamovlin<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom erT-erTma teroristma<br />

manqana aRniSnuli moednis axlos<br />

<strong>da</strong>ayena. teroristebis <strong>da</strong>kaveba<br />

<strong>da</strong>evala uSiSroebis <strong>da</strong>nayofis<br />

oTx jariskacs, romelTac miecaT<br />

saTanado miTiTebebi, maT Soris,<br />

informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom<br />

teroristebi cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRiT <strong>da</strong> distanciuri marTvis<br />

pultiT iyvnen SeiaraRebulni.<br />

im jariskacis CvenebiT, romelic<br />

quCis gaswvriv misdev<strong>da</strong> makkensa<br />

<strong>da</strong> farels, makkeni mixv<strong>da</strong><br />

mis vinaobas <strong>da</strong> mosalodnel<br />

safrTxes, ris Semdgomac man<br />

iseTi moZraoba gaakeTa, romelic<br />

jariskacis azriT, mianiSneb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom makkeni distanciuri marTvis<br />

mowyobilobis amoqmedebas<br />

apireb<strong>da</strong>. meore jariskacis<br />

gancxadebiT, manac <strong>da</strong>inaxa<br />

farelis saeWvo moZraoba,<br />

romelic amave ganzraxvaze<br />

miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong>. yovelive amis gamo<br />

jariskacebma cecxli gauxsnes<br />

teroristebs <strong>da</strong> sasikvdilo<br />

Wrilobebi miayenes maT.<br />

operaciaSi monawile <strong>da</strong>narCenma<br />

orma jariskacma ki srolis xmis<br />

gaebisTanave sevijis likvi<strong>da</strong>cia<br />

moaxdina im mosazrebiT, rom<br />

mas SeeZlo asafeTqebeli<br />

mowyobilobis moqmedebaSi moyvana.<br />

makkenis, farelis <strong>da</strong> sevijis<br />

likvi<strong>da</strong>ciis Semdeg aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom maT ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T distanciuri<br />

marTvis mowyobiloba. metic, isini<br />

SeiaraRebulnic ki ar iyvnen. maT<br />

manqanaSi asafeTqebeli nivTiereba<br />

ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, asafeTqebeli<br />

nivTierebiT <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli manqana<br />

mogvianebiT espaneTis erT-erTi<br />

kurortis maxloblad ipoves.<br />

sasamarTlos winaswar mosazrebaSi<br />

naTqvamia, rom gaerTianebuli<br />

23

24<br />

samefos xelisuflebis winaSe<br />

urTulesi amocana idga. mas un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>ecva xalxis (maT Soris, samxedro<br />

personalis) sicocxle <strong>da</strong>, amave<br />

dros, minimumamde SeezRu<strong>da</strong><br />

eWvmitanilTa winaaRmdeg Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba. aRiniSna, rom Sesabamisi<br />

organoebisaTvis cnobili iyo<br />

mxolod is, rom IRA teroristuli<br />

aqtebis mowyobas <strong>ge</strong>gmav<strong>da</strong>, ris<br />

gamoc isini iZulebulni iyvnen<br />

antiteroristuli operacia<br />

mxolod hipoTezis safuZvelze<br />

moemzadebinaT.<br />

amdenad, imis Sesafaseblad,<br />

ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> Tu ara Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveviT, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>niliyo<br />

ara mxolod is, iyo Tu ara<br />

samxedroebis mier gamoyenebuli<br />

Zala <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznis - xalxis<br />

teroristuli Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmisagan<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis Tanazomieri, aramed isic,<br />

mox<strong>da</strong> Tu ara antiteroristuli<br />

operaciis <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmva <strong>da</strong> warmarTva<br />

ise, rom SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />

Semcirebuliyo iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis aucilebloba.<br />

operaciaSi monawile jariskacebis<br />

moqmedebaTa Sefasebisas<br />

sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom maTTvis<br />

miwodebul informaciaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT jariskacebs<br />

gulwrfelad sjero<strong>da</strong>T, rom<br />

aucilebeli iyo teroristTa<br />

gauvnebelyofa, raTa aRekveTaT<br />

manqanis afeTqeba <strong>da</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

aecilebinaT msxverpli.<br />

sasamarTlom ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba Zalis gamoyenebis<br />

Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamarTlebuli<br />

iyos, Tu igi emyareba mocemul<br />

momentSi misi gamoyenebis<br />

aucileblobis gulwrfel<br />

rwmenas, rac mogvianebiT SeiZleba<br />

usafuZvlo aRmoCndes. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, sasamarTlom miiCnia,<br />

rom jariskacTa moqmedeba ar<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>n<strong>da</strong> konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas.<br />

operaciis organizebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> warmarTvis sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sasamarTlom<br />

aRniSna is faqti, rom ar mox<strong>da</strong><br />

sami eWvmitanilis sazRvarzeve<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba, rac SemdgomSi<br />

aRar warmoSob<strong>da</strong> Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis aucileblobas.<br />

aseTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba an imiT<br />

aixsnebo<strong>da</strong>, rom Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve

cnobili iyo manqanaSi bombis<br />

ararsebobis Sesaxeb (Tumca, es<br />

versia sasamarTlom usafuZvlod<br />

miiCnia), an imiT, rom seriozuli<br />

Secdomebi iyo <strong>da</strong>Svebuli<br />

operaciis momzadebisas. Sedegad<br />

movlenebi ise ganviTar<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

Zalis gamoyeneba ara savaraudo,<br />

aramed gar<strong>da</strong>uvali gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

uSiSroebis <strong>da</strong>nayofis oTx<br />

jariskacs xelmZRvanelobisgan<br />

miRebuli hqon<strong>da</strong> informacia,<br />

rom teroristuli aqti<br />

manqanis afeTqebiT un<strong>da</strong><br />

ganxorcielebuliyo.<br />

antiteroristuli operaciis<br />

Catarebaze pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>beli<br />

pirebis versiiT teroristebi<br />

asafeTqebeli nivTierebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli manqanis <strong>da</strong>sayenebeli<br />

adgilis <strong>da</strong>kavebis mizniT ar<br />

gamoiyenebdnen saTa<strong>da</strong>rigo<br />

manqanas, xolo bombis detonacia<br />

moxdebo<strong>da</strong> distanciuri marTvis<br />

mowyobilobiT, romelic<br />

amoqmeddebo<strong>da</strong> Rilakze<br />

<strong>da</strong>WeriT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, safrTxis<br />

gacnobierebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

mosalodneli iyo, rom<br />

eWvmitanilebi maSinve moiyvandnen<br />

moqmedebaSi asafeTqebel<br />

mowyobilobas. ivaraudebo<strong>da</strong> isic,<br />

rom teroristebi SeiaraRebulni<br />

iqnebodnen <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenebdnen iaraRs.<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />

versiebi jerovnad ar iqna<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>da</strong> operacia<br />

warimarTa ga<strong>da</strong>umowmebeli<br />

informaciis safuZvelze,<br />

jariskacebs samuSao varaudi<br />

miewo<strong>da</strong>T utyuari faqtis saxiT,<br />

ris gamoc Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>uvali gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amas <strong>da</strong>emata jariskacebisTvis<br />

micemuli miTiTebac, romlis<br />

mixedviTac cecxlis gaxsnis<br />

SemTxvevaSi maT srola<br />

eWvmitanilebis ganadgurebamde<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gaegrZelebinaT. sasamarTlom<br />

miuTiTa, rom xelisufleba<br />

valdebuli iyo pativiscema<br />

gamoeCina eWvmitanilTa<br />

sicocxlis uflebis mimarT <strong>da</strong><br />

sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod Seemowmebina mis<br />

xelT arsebuli yvela informacia,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n sruliad cxadi iyo, rom<br />

operaciis msvlelobis procesSi<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba<br />

uTuod sasikvdilo SedegiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sruldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

25

26<br />

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar<br />

iqna miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

sazRvarzeve <strong>da</strong>ekavebinaT<br />

eWvmitanilebi <strong>da</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>eSvaT<br />

maTi Sesvla gibraltarSi,<br />

aseve is, rom jerovnad ar iqna<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli <strong>da</strong>zvervis<br />

monacemebis uzustobis<br />

SesaZlebloba <strong>da</strong> jariskacebisTvis<br />

aucileblad sasikvdilo cecxlis<br />

gaxsnis miTiTeba, sasamarTlo<br />

mivi<strong>da</strong> im <strong>da</strong>skvnamde, rom<br />

IRA-is sami wevris mkvleloba<br />

terorizmisagan a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis aucileblobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare mox<strong>da</strong>, Tumca adgili<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevasac.<br />

amdenad, Zalis gamoyeneba,<br />

romelsac SesaZloa sicocxlis<br />

xelyofa mohyves, SeiZleba<br />

mxolod absoluturi<br />

aucileblobisas. amasTan, Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba proporciuli un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos Seqmnili situaciisa <strong>da</strong><br />

mimarTuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos kanonieri<br />

miznis miRwevisken.<br />

wamebis akrZalva (muxli 3)<br />

aravin ar SeiZleba gaxdes wamebis,<br />

araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri an <strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli<br />

mopyrobis, an <strong>da</strong>sjis msxverpli.<br />

wamebis akrZalva sruli <strong>da</strong><br />

absoluturia, rac imas niSnavs,<br />

rom ar arsebobs gamonaklisi<br />

aranair garemoebaSi, maT Soris,<br />

arc omSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia seriozul<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanili pirebis <strong>da</strong><br />

teroristebis wameba <strong>da</strong> maT mimarT<br />

araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri mopyroba, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

maT hqondeT iseTi informacia,<br />

romlis codnac aucilebelia<br />

sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebis an saxelmwifos<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavad.<br />

evropis sabWos saparlamento<br />

asambleis mier 1979 wels<br />

miRebul “policiis Sesaxeb<br />

deklaraciaSi” naTqvamia, rom<br />

policiis TanamSromlebs akisriaT<br />

valdebuleba, ar <strong>da</strong>emorCilon an<br />

ugulvebelyon nebismieri iseTi<br />

brZaneba Tu miTiTeba, romelic<br />

gulisxmobs wamebas, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

mopyroba an sasjelis sxva<br />

formebs.

gaerTianebuli erebis<br />

organizaciis <strong>ge</strong>neraluri<br />

asambleis mier 1979 wels miRebuli<br />

“samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos<br />

moxeleTa qcevis kodeqsis”<br />

me-5 muxlSi miTiTebulia, rom<br />

“arcerT samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos<br />

moxeles ar SeuZlia wamebis an sxva<br />

sastiki, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri an Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxavi mopyrobis an sasjelis<br />

provocireba an <strong>da</strong>Sveba; arcerT<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos moxeles<br />

ar SeuZlia miuTiTos zemdgomTa<br />

brZanebebze an sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo<br />

mdgomareobaze, rogoricaa omis<br />

mdgomareoba an omis, erovnuli<br />

usafrTxoebis saSiSroeba,<br />

Si<strong>da</strong>politikuri arastabiluroba<br />

an nebismieri sxva kritikuli<br />

viTareba, rogorc wamebis an sxva<br />

sastiki, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri an Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxavi mopyrobis an sasjelis<br />

gamamarTlebel pirobaze.”<br />

es akrZalva gamomdinareobs<br />

<strong>ge</strong>neraluri asambleis mier<br />

miRebuli deklaracii<strong>da</strong>n<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> wamebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />

sastiki, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri an<br />

Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis<br />

<strong>da</strong> sasjelisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb,<br />

romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c, “aseTi qmedeba<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> Rirsebis Semlaxavi<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulia <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>isajos<br />

rogorc gaeros miznebis uaryofa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />

deklaraciiT <strong>da</strong> <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa sxva saerTaSoriso<br />

dokumentebiT gamocxadebuli<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi<br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>rRveva.”<br />

deklaracia wamebas Semdegnairad<br />

ganmartavs: “wameba niSnavs<br />

nebismier qmedebas, romliTac<br />

saxelmwifo moxelis waqezebiT<br />

mZime fizikuri an fsiqikuri<br />

tkivili an tanjva ganzrax miadga<br />

pirs im mizniT, rom misgan an<br />

mesame pirisagan miRebul iqnas<br />

informacia an aRiareba; misi<br />

<strong>da</strong>sja im qmedebisTvis, romelic<br />

man Caidina an eWvmitanilia<br />

mis CadenaSi misi an sxva pirTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>SinebiT. es ganmarteba ar<br />

moicavs tkivilsa <strong>da</strong> tanjvas,<br />

romelic gamomdinareobs,<br />

ganuyofelia an SemTxveviT<br />

gamoiwveva kanonierebis<br />

farglebSi patimrebTan mopyrobis<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli minimaluri wesebis<br />

Sesabamisad”.<br />

27

28<br />

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-17<br />

muxli:<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> pativi <strong>da</strong> Rirseba<br />

xelSeuvalia;<br />

<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

wameba, arahumanuri, sastiki<br />

an pativisa <strong>da</strong> Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxavi mopyroba <strong>da</strong><br />

sasjelis gamoyeneba.<br />

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />

kodeqsis 335-e muxlis mixedviT,<br />

prokuroris, gamomZieblis an<br />

momkvlevis mier muqariT an sxva<br />

ukanono qmedebiT eWvmitanilis,<br />

braldebulis, gansasjelis,<br />

<strong>da</strong>zaralebulis an mowmis iZuleba<br />

Cvenebis micemisaTvis, an<strong>da</strong><br />

eqspertisa - <strong>da</strong>skvnis micemisTvis,<br />

aseve igive qmedeba, romelsac Tan<br />

axlavs Zaladoba, abuCad agdeba<br />

an wameba, <strong>da</strong>sjadia. kanoni wamebis<br />

ganmaxorcielebeli pirisaTvis<br />

ad<strong>ge</strong>ns Tavisuflebis aRkveTas<br />

ori<strong>da</strong>n rva wlamde.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

evropulma sasamarTlom<br />

Semdegnairad ganmarta me-3 muxlSi<br />

aRniSnuli terminebi:<br />

“araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri mopyroba” aris<br />

mopyroba, romelic Segnebulad<br />

iwvevs fsiqikur an fizikur<br />

tanjvas. <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> mimarT mopyroba<br />

an mis mimarT gamoyenebuli<br />

sasjeli “<strong>da</strong>mamcirebelia”, Tu<br />

is seriozulad Seuracxyofs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians sxvebis winaSe,<br />

an<strong>da</strong> aiZulebs mas, moiqces<br />

sakuTari nebisa Tu sindisis<br />

sawinaaRmdegod. “wameba” aris<br />

gansakuTrebulad araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

mopyroba, romelic informaciis<br />

an aRiarebiTi Cvenebis mopovebis,<br />

an <strong>da</strong>sjis mizniT xorcieldeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>, sazogadod, araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

mopyrobis umZimes gamovlinebas<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />

konvenciis me-3 muxlSi<br />

gamoyenebuli terminologiis<br />

ganmartebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

sayuradRebo mosazrebebi aseve<br />

gamoiTqva saqmeze `irlandia<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg”, romlis ganxilvaSi<br />

konvenciis safuZvelze Seqmnili<br />

ori organo _ <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

komisia <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo -<br />

iReb<strong>da</strong> monawileobas. saqme<br />

exebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis dros e.w.<br />

“dezorientaciis” anu “sensoruli

deprivaciis” xuTi meTodis<br />

gamoyenebas. esenia: kedelTan<br />

xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi<br />

dgomis iZuleba, Tavze tomris<br />

Camocma, smeniTi gaRizianeba, Zilis<br />

warTmeva <strong>da</strong> sakvebis SezRudva.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropulma<br />

komisiam miiCnia, rom vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />

maTi gamoyeneba iwvevs<br />

grZnobaTa organoebis Cveuli<br />

funqcionirebis moSlas <strong>da</strong> mZimed<br />

zemoqmedebs pirovnebis fizikur<br />

<strong>da</strong> fsiqikur mdgomareobaze, aseTi<br />

meTodebis gamoyeneba wamebad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos. sasamarTlo ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>eTanxma amgvar Sefasebas <strong>da</strong><br />

xmaTa umravlesobiT <strong>da</strong>adgina,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis dros zemoT<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli meTodebis<br />

gamoyeneba “araa<strong>da</strong>mianur <strong>da</strong><br />

Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobas”<br />

warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns, radganac maTi<br />

zemoqmedeba ar iwvevs iseTi<br />

xarisxisa <strong>da</strong> sisastikis tanjvis<br />

miyenebas, rogoric sityva<br />

“wamebaSi” igulisxmeba.<br />

saqmeze `tomasi safran<strong>ge</strong>Tis<br />

winaaRmdeg” momCivani iyo<br />

safran<strong>ge</strong>Tis moqalaqe, romelic<br />

or sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva pirTan erTad<br />

<strong>da</strong>akaves mkvlelobis, iaraRis<br />

ukanono tarebis <strong>da</strong> sxva mZime<br />

braldebebis safuZvelze.<br />

gamoZiebisa <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo<br />

procesis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg,<br />

rasac 5 weli <strong>da</strong> 7 Tve <strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>,<br />

igi u<strong>da</strong>naSaulod miiCnies. mTeli<br />

am drois ganmavlobaSi tomasi<br />

patimrobaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. Tavis<br />

gancxadebaSi igi asaCivreb<strong>da</strong><br />

policielTa ukanono qmedebas,<br />

romlebic, misi mtkicebiT,<br />

scemdnen <strong>da</strong> uxeSad epyrobodnen<br />

mas. amasve a<strong>da</strong>stureb<strong>da</strong><br />

policiaSi <strong>da</strong>kavebis periodSi<br />

oTxi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eqimis mier mis<br />

sxeulze aRmoCenili msubuqi<br />

<strong>da</strong>zianebebi, romlebic, maTi<br />

TqmiT, Seesabamebo<strong>da</strong> patimris<br />

mier gamoTqmul braldebebs.<br />

sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom<br />

warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili sasamarTlo<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvnebi <strong>da</strong> Tavad ganmcxadeblis<br />

saCivari miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

Wrilobebi misi policiaSi yofnis<br />

dros iyo miyenebuli. sasamarTlom<br />

aseve aRniSna, rom mowinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong><br />

mxares sapirispiro argumentebi ar<br />

gamouTqvams.<br />

es garemoebebi sakmarisi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

imis <strong>da</strong>sa<strong>da</strong>stureblad, rom<br />

tomasis sxeulze arsebul<br />

29

30<br />

<strong>da</strong>zianebebsa <strong>da</strong> policiaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebis periods Soris mizez-<br />

Sedegobrivi kavSiri arsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

erTmaneTisgan sruliad<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblad Catarebuli<br />

samedicino Semowmebebis<br />

safuZvelze eqimebma <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stures<br />

tomasis mimarT “Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis faqti <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgines<br />

<strong>da</strong>rtmebis siZlierec”. Sedegad,<br />

sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom adgili<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> araa<strong>da</strong>minur <strong>da</strong> Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxav mopyrobas <strong>da</strong> amasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

nebismieri <strong>da</strong>naSaulis, maT Soris,<br />

terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZola <strong>da</strong><br />

masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli siZneleebi<br />

ar amarTlebs a<strong>da</strong>mianze fizikuri<br />

xeSeuxeblobis moTxovnis<br />

Seusruleblobas.<br />

policiis ganyofilebebis<br />

inspeqtireba nebismier dros<br />

SeuZlia wamebis sawinaaRmdego<br />

komitets, romelic “wamebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri Tu<br />

<strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli mopyrobis an<br />

sasjelis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis<br />

Sesaxeb” evropuli konvenciis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>.<br />

komiteti aris eqspertTa organo,<br />

romlis wevrobis kandi<strong>da</strong>tebs<br />

warad<strong>ge</strong>nen konvenciis monawile<br />

qveynebi <strong>da</strong> maT amtkicebs evropis<br />

sabWos ministrTa kabineti.<br />

masSi gaerTianebulni arian<br />

maRalzneobrivi <strong>da</strong> principuli<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romelTac aqvT didi<br />

profesiuli gamocdileba an<br />

gansakuTrebuli avtoritetiT<br />

sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis sferoSi. komitetis wevrebi<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva profesiis a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

arian, Tumca maT Soris iuristebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> eqimebi Warboben.<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo “wamebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

araa<strong>da</strong>mianuri Tu <strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli<br />

mopyrobis an sasjelis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acilebis Sesaxeb” evropuli<br />

konvenciis xelmomweri qveyanaa,<br />

komiteti uflebamosilia<br />

Seamowmos Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

arsebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />

adgilebi, maT Soris, cxadia,<br />

policiis ganyofilebebic.<br />

aseTi Semowmebis mizania<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulTa mimarT wamebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> aramarTebuli mopyrobis<br />

winaaRmdeg brZolaSi wevri<br />

saxelmwifoebis <strong>da</strong>xmareba.

saxelmwifo valdebulia komitetis<br />

qveyanaSi vizitis periodSi<br />

yovelmxriv iTanamSromlos<br />

masTan. cxadia, aseTi valdebuleba<br />

arsebobs policiisTvisac,<br />

romelmac komitets un<strong>da</strong> misces<br />

saSualeba ganaxorcielos<br />

konvenciiT miniWebuli sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>.<br />

policiis ganyofilebas<br />

SeiZleba winaswar ecnobos<br />

komitetis mosalodneli vizitis<br />

Sesaxeb, Tumca aseTi Semowmeba<br />

SesaZlebelia gafrTxilebis<br />

gareSec Catardes. nebismier<br />

SemTxvevaSi, komitetis wevrebs<br />

ar un<strong>da</strong> SeeqmnaT <strong>da</strong>brkoleba<br />

SenobaSi SesvlaSi, Tumca mori<strong>ge</strong><br />

policieli uflebamosilia<br />

Seamowmos komitetis wevrebis<br />

sabuTebi. komitetis delegaciis<br />

wevrebs Tan aqvT Semdegi sabuTebi,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c miTiTebulia maTi vinaoba <strong>da</strong><br />

vizitis miznebi:<br />

piradobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli sabuTi;<br />

evropis sabWos<br />

oficialuri werili<br />

Sesabamisi TargmaniT, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

CamoTvlilia delegaciis<br />

Semad<strong>ge</strong>nloba <strong>da</strong><br />

ganmartebulia maTi miznebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>;<br />

delegaciis wevrebma<br />

SeiZleba aseve<br />

warmoadginon saqarTvelos<br />

xelisuflebis mier<br />

gacemuli oficialuri<br />

dokumenti, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

miTiTebulia delegaciis<br />

Semad<strong>ge</strong>nloba <strong>da</strong> mis wevrTa<br />

ufleba Seuferxeblad<br />

moinaxulon nebismieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebis adgili.<br />

wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis<br />

delegacias policiaSi misvlisas<br />

ufleba aqvs moiTxovos im<br />

pirTa sruli sia, romlebic<br />

mocemul momentSi imyofebian<br />

policiis ganyofilebaSi, aseve<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblad gaesaubros<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebul pirebs.<br />

Semowmebis dros gansakuTrebuli<br />

yuradReba eTmoba Semdeg<br />

faqtorebs:<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebul pirTa fizikur<br />

31

32<br />

<strong>da</strong> fsiqikuri mdgomareoba;<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebul pirTa <strong>da</strong>kavebis<br />

mizezebi;<br />

kamerebi <strong>da</strong> sxva adgilebi,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>kavebul pirebs<br />

uwevT yofna;<br />

administraciuli<br />

Canawerebi TiToeuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulis Sesaxeb;<br />

aqvT Tu ara SesaZlebloba<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebul pirebs<br />

isar<strong>ge</strong>blon im advokatisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> eqimis momsaxurebiT,<br />

romlebic TviT airCies.<br />

komiteti valdebulia ar<br />

gaaxmauros vizitis dros<br />

mopovebuli informacia. vizitis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mTavrebis Semdeg komiteti<br />

amzadebs angariSs, romelic<br />

sarekomen<strong>da</strong>cio xasiaTisaa.<br />

mTavrobas SeuZlia komentari<br />

gaakeTos moxsenebaSi wamoWril<br />

sakiTxebze <strong>da</strong> ganmartos, Tu ra<br />

zomebia miRebuli komitetis<br />

rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis Sesasruleblad.<br />

Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis<br />

ufleba (muxli 5)<br />

1. yvelas aqvs pirovnuli<br />

Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

usafrTxoebis ufleba.<br />

Tavisuflebis warTmeva<br />

SesaZlebelia mxolod <strong>da</strong><br />

mxolod kanoniT gansazRvruli<br />

wesis Sesabamisad<br />

qvemoT CamoTvlil<br />

SemTxvevebSi:<br />

pirovnebis kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebisa<br />

kompetenturi sasamarTlos<br />

gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis<br />

safuZvelze;<br />

pirovnebebs kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba an <strong>da</strong>patimreba<br />

sasamarTlos kanonier<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis, aseve<br />

kanoniT gansazRvruli<br />

nebismieri sxva<br />

valdebulebis Sesrulebis<br />

uzrunvelsayofad;

pirovnebis kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba an <strong>da</strong>patimreba<br />

marTlmsajulebis<br />

uflebamosili organos<br />

winaSe misi ward<strong>ge</strong>nis<br />

mizniT, Tu arsebobs<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis CadenaSi<br />

misi monawileobis<br />

samarTliani eWvi, an Tu<br />

pirovnebis <strong>da</strong>patimreba<br />

an <strong>da</strong>kaveba aucileblad<br />

aris miCneuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis Cadenis Semdeg<br />

misi gaqcevis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

asacileblad;<br />

arasrulwlovanis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba kanonieri<br />

brZanebis safuZvelze<br />

mis mimarT saswavlo-<br />

aRmzrdelobiTi<br />

ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis<br />

ganxorcielebis mizniT, an<br />

misi kanonieri <strong>da</strong>kaveba<br />

Sesabamisi marTlmsajulebis<br />

organos<br />

winaSe mis warsad<strong>ge</strong>nad;<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba infeqciuri<br />

<strong>da</strong>avadebebis gavr-<br />

celebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acilebis mizniT;<br />

fsiqiurad <strong>da</strong>avadebuli<br />

pirebis, loTebis,<br />

mawanwalebis, narkomanebis<br />

kanonieri <strong>da</strong>kaveba;<br />

pirovnebis kanonieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba an <strong>da</strong>patimreba<br />

misi qveyanaSi ukanonod<br />

Sesvlis aRsakveTad, an<br />

Tu mis winaaRmdeg<br />

xorcieldeba deportaciis<br />

an eqstradiciis<br />

RonisZiebebi<br />

2. nebismier <strong>da</strong>patimrebul<br />

pirs <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv, misTvis<br />

gasa<strong>ge</strong>b enaze un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebis mizezebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mis winaaRmdeg wayenebul<br />

braldebaTa Sinaarsi.<br />

3. am muxlis 1. g. qvepunqtis<br />

debulebaTa Sesabamisad,<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebuli an<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebuli piri<br />

<strong>da</strong>uyonebliv un<strong>da</strong><br />

warudginon mosamarTles an<br />

marTlmsajulebis<br />

33

34<br />

ganxorcielebaze uflebamosil<br />

sxva moxeles.<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebuls, <strong>da</strong>patimre-<br />

buls ufleba aqvs<br />

moiTxovos misi saqmis<br />

sasamarTlo ganxilva<br />

winaswar gansazRvruli<br />

vadis farglebSi, an<br />

sasamarTloSi saqmis<br />

ganxilvis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde<br />

gaTavisufleba.<br />

piri SeiZleba ganTavi-<br />

sufldes sasamarTloSi<br />

gamocxadebis garantiis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

4. <strong>da</strong>kavebis an <strong>da</strong>patimrebis<br />

gamo TavisuflebaaRkveTil<br />

nebismier pirs ufleba aqvs<br />

sasamarTloSi gaasaCivros<br />

misi <strong>da</strong>kavebis kanoniereba.<br />

sasamarTlo valdebulia<br />

umokles va<strong>da</strong>Si ganixilos<br />

amgvari saCivari <strong>da</strong><br />

gaaTavisuflos igi, Tu<br />

misi <strong>da</strong>kaveba an <strong>da</strong>patimreba<br />

ukanonoa.<br />

5. yvelas, vinc gax<strong>da</strong> am<br />

muxlis debulebaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveviT ganxorci-<br />

elebuli <strong>da</strong>patimrebis an<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebis msxverpli, aqvs<br />

ufleba moiTxovos<br />

kompensacia.<br />

policiis saqmianobaSi am uflebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> pativiscemas Zalze didi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs. policiis mier<br />

piris <strong>da</strong>kavebis an <strong>da</strong>patimrebis<br />

dros mkacrad un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>culi<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT <strong>da</strong><br />

evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxliT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi.<br />

konvenciis me-5 muxlSi mocemulia<br />

im eqvsi SemTxvevis CamonaTvali,<br />

rodesac arsebobs <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebis an <strong>da</strong>patimrebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebi safuZveli, rac icavs<br />

mas Tavisuflebis TviTneburi<br />

aRkveTisagan. me-2 <strong>da</strong> me-4<br />

punqtebSi Camoyalibebulia<br />

is procesualuri <strong>uflebebi</strong>,<br />

romelTa <strong>da</strong>cvac aucilebelia<br />

yvela mocemul SemTxvevaSi.<br />

policia SeiZleba monawileobdes<br />

pirovnebis Tavisuflebis<br />

aRkveTis operaciaSi pirvel<br />

punqtSi CamoTvlili eqvsive<br />

mizezis safuZvelze, Tumca

misTvis yvelaze aqtualuri mainc<br />

1. g. qvepunqtiT gansazRvruli<br />

SemTxvevebia, rodesac xdeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimreba an <strong>da</strong>kaveba<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulSi monawileobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli eWvis safuZvelze,<br />

agreTve <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Cadenis,<br />

an <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Semdeg gaqcevis<br />

aRkveTis aucileblobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare.<br />

<strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli eWvi un<strong>da</strong><br />

emyarebodes iseTi faqtebis an<br />

informaciis arsebobas, romlebic<br />

obieqtur <strong>da</strong>mkvirvebels<br />

afiqrebinebs, rom pirs SeiZleba<br />

Cadenili hqondes <strong>da</strong>naSauli.<br />

piris <strong>da</strong>patimrebisas policieli<br />

valdebulia auxsnas mas<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebis mizezebi <strong>da</strong> gaacnos<br />

procesualuri <strong>uflebebi</strong>.<br />

arasrulwlovanis <strong>da</strong>kavebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa mSoblebis<br />

an mzrunvelis informireba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebuli an <strong>da</strong>patimrebuli<br />

piri umokles va<strong>da</strong>Si un<strong>da</strong> iqnas<br />

ward<strong>ge</strong>nili sasamarTlos winaSe.<br />

1. g. qvepunqtSi Camoyalibebuli<br />

debulebebi amomwuravia <strong>da</strong><br />

ar SeiZleba maTi sxva, am punqtiT<br />

gauTvaliswinebeli miznebiT<br />

gamoyeneba, magaliTad, pirovnebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kaveba sxva piris Sesaxeb<br />

informaciis miRebis mizniT.<br />

policiis TanamSromelma un<strong>da</strong><br />

gaacnobieros, rom:<br />

Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis<br />

ufleba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> ZiriTadi<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>a;<br />

man <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> Tavisuflebis<br />

aRkveTisas marTlzomierad<br />

<strong>da</strong> kanonis sruli <strong>da</strong>cviT<br />

un<strong>da</strong> imoqmedos;<br />

is movalea <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi<br />

monawileobis an<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis ganzraxvis<br />

eWvis safuZvelze<br />

pirovnebis <strong>da</strong>kavebisas<br />

imoqmedos mxolod<br />

obieqtur faqtebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> informaciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT.<br />

policieli<br />

valdebulia ganuxrelad<br />

Seasrulos piris<br />

35

36<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebu-<br />

li yvela kanoniT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli wesi<br />

<strong>da</strong> procesualuri<br />

moTxovna, aseve<br />

uzrunvelyos <strong>da</strong>kavebul<br />

pirTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlos<br />

ufleba (muxli 6)<br />

1. yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians Tavisi<br />

samoqalaqo <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa<br />

<strong>da</strong> movaleobebis, an mis<br />

mimarT wayenebuli<br />

nebismieri braldebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sad<strong>ge</strong>nad aqvs<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli <strong>da</strong> miuker-<br />

Zoebeli sasamarTlos<br />

mier misi saqmis saTanado<br />

vadebSi Ria <strong>da</strong> samarTliani<br />

ganxilvis ufleba.<br />

ganaCeni cxaddeba sajarod,<br />

xolo sasamarTlo procesi<br />

presisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis-<br />

Tvis SeiZleba mTlianad an<br />

nawilobriv <strong>da</strong>xurulad<br />

gamocxaddes, Semdeg<br />

SemTxvevebSi:<br />

Tu es gamomdinareobs<br />

demokratiul saxelmwifoSi<br />

moralis, sazogadoebrivi<br />

wesrigis <strong>da</strong> erovnuli<br />

uSiSroebis interesebi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />

rodesac amas arasrulwlo-<br />

vanis interesebi an

procesis mxareTa piradi<br />

cxovrebis <strong>da</strong>cva moiTxovs;<br />

mkacrad gansazRvrul<br />

aucilebel farglebSi, Tu<br />

sasamarTlo miiCnevs,<br />

rom saqmis gansakuTrebuli<br />

garemoebebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdi-<br />

nare, sajaroobam SeiZleba<br />

ziani miayenos marTlmsaju-<br />

lebis interesebs.<br />

2. yvelas, visac bralad edeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis CadenaSi<br />

monawileoba, ufleba aqvs<br />

iTvlebodes u<strong>da</strong>naSaulod<br />

manam, sanam misi braleuloba<br />

ar <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturdeba<br />

kanoniT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili wesiT.<br />

3. yvela braldebuls aqvs<br />

sul mcire Semdegi<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>:<br />

mas <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv,<br />

misTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>b enaze <strong>da</strong><br />

detalurad un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos,<br />

Tu raSi <strong>da</strong> ra mizeziT edeba<br />

brali;<br />

mas un<strong>da</strong> mieces sakmarisi<br />

dro <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebloba, rom<br />

moemzados <strong>da</strong>cvisTvis;<br />

<strong>da</strong>icvas sakuTari Tavi<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d an mis mier<br />

SerCeuli advokatis<br />

meSveobiT, xolo Tu<br />

braldebuls <strong>da</strong>mcvelis<br />

asayvanad saWiro saxsrebi<br />

ar moepoveba, mas un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>eniSnos advokati<br />

saxazino wesiT, Tu<br />

amas marTlmsajulebis<br />

interesebi moiTxovs;<br />

<strong>da</strong>kiTxos braldebis<br />

mowmeebi, an moiTxovos maTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>kiTxva <strong>da</strong> hqondes<br />

mowmeTa gamoZaxebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis ufleba imave<br />

pirobebiT, romlebic<br />

gamoiyeneba mis winaaRmdeg<br />

Cvenebis mimcemi pirebis<br />

mimarT;<br />

isar<strong>ge</strong>blos Tarjimnis<br />

ufaso momsaxurebiT,<br />

Tuki ar icis samarTalwarmoebis<br />

ena. samarTliani<br />

sasamarTlos <strong>da</strong> u<strong>da</strong>naSa-<br />

ulobis prezumfcia<br />

37

38<br />

garantirebulia saqarTve-<br />

los konstituciiTac<br />

(Sesabamisad me-40 <strong>da</strong> 42-e<br />

muxlebi);<br />

konvenciis am muxlTan mimarTebaSi<br />

yvelaze mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong><br />

policielisaTvis<br />

gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo<br />

u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfcia<br />

<strong>da</strong> mis uzrunvelyofasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebia.<br />

sanam <strong>da</strong>naSauli <strong>da</strong>mtkicdebodes,<br />

eWvmitanils aqvs ufleba, ise<br />

moepyran rogorc u<strong>da</strong>naSaulos.<br />

policiis TanamSromlebma<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavebulis am uflebas pativi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> scen, rac gansakuTrebiT<br />

eWvmitanili piris mimarT<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebasa <strong>da</strong> qcevaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

gamoixatos. aseve mniSvnelovania<br />

am uflebis pativiscema <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis CadenaSi eWvmitanil<br />

pirTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT nebismieri<br />

sajaro, kerZod, masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebSi<br />

gancxadebis gakeTebisas.<br />

policieli valdebulia<br />

braldebulTan urTierTobisas<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoZiebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

nebismieri gancxadebis<br />

gakeTebisas <strong>da</strong>icvas braldebulis<br />

u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfcia.<br />

saqmeze `holandiis winaaRmdeg”<br />

momCivani acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

qonebis miTvisebis braldebiT<br />

mis winaaRmdeg mimdinare<br />

gamoZiebis procesSi prokuroris<br />

mier televiziiT gakeTebuli<br />

gancxadebis dros <strong>da</strong>irRva<br />

u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfcia. erTerT<br />

adrindel ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaSi<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa komisiam<br />

<strong>da</strong>adgina, rom am uflebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevas saxelmwifo moxeleebis<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n SeiZleba adgili<br />

hqondes, Tu isini sasamarTlos<br />

mier saTanado ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />

gamotanamde brals deben<br />

pirovnebas <strong>da</strong>naSaulis CadenaSi.<br />

komisiam miiCnia, rom mocemul<br />

SemTxvevaSi 6.2. muxli ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveula, Tumca iqve<br />

miuTiTa, rom “xelisuflebis<br />

warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebma, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki maT, visac sisxlis samarTlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulobaTa gamoZiebasa

<strong>da</strong> samarTalwarmoebasTan<br />

aqvT kavSiri, gansakuTrebuli<br />

sifrTxile un<strong>da</strong> gamoiCinon, an<br />

saerTod Tavi Seikavon sagamoZiebo<br />

saqmeebTan <strong>da</strong> Tavad eWvmitanil<br />

pirebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sajaro<br />

gancxadebebis gakeTebisas, raTa<br />

maqsimalurad gamoiricxos<br />

sazogadoebis mier maTi sityvebis<br />

araswori interpretacia<br />

<strong>da</strong> ar moxdes braldebulis<br />

u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveva.”<br />

konvenciis me-6 muxli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, policiis<br />

TanamSromelma ganuxrelad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icvas sisxlis samarTlis<br />

saproceso kanonis moTxovnebi,<br />

raTa <strong>da</strong>cul iqnas <strong>da</strong>kavebuli<br />

piris mimarT mopyrobis <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />

moTxovnebi, aseve Tavi<strong>da</strong>n iqnas<br />

acilebuli yalbi aRiareba,<br />

romelmac xeli SeiZleba SeuSalos<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlo<br />

ganxilvis uflebas.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom<br />

policiis sazogadoebasTan<br />

TanamSromlobas didi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs <strong>da</strong>naSaulTan brZolis saqmeSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, konvencia<br />

ar krZalavs winaswari gamoZiebis<br />

etapze anonimuri mowmeebis<br />

CvenebaTa gamoyenebas. magram,<br />

cxadia, policiam mxedvelobaSi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> miiRos is garemoeba, rom<br />

sasamarTlo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />

gamotanisas ver <strong>da</strong>eyrdnoba<br />

anonimuri wyaro<strong>da</strong>n mopovebul<br />

mtkicebulebas.<br />

saqmeze `vindiSi avstriis<br />

winaaRmdeg” momCivani policiam<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimra binis qurdobis<br />

braldebiT. vindiSi amoicno<br />

orma qalbatonma, romelTac<br />

policiasTan TanamSromloba<br />

mxolod maTi vinaobis<br />

ganucxadeblobis pirobiT isurves.<br />

vindiSis saqmis sasamarTlo<br />

ganxilvaze qalbatonebi<br />

mowmeebad ar gamosulan. saqmis<br />

ganxilvisas <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

evropulma sasamarTlom<br />

miuTiTa, rom “sazogadoebasTan<br />

TanamSromlobas u<strong>da</strong>od didi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs policiisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulTan brZolis saqmeSi.<br />

amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sasamarTlo<br />

aRniSnavs, rom konvencia ar<br />

39

40<br />

krZalavs gamoZiebis etapze<br />

anonimuri mowmeebis CvenebaTa<br />

gamoyenebas, Tumca sxva sakiTxia<br />

sasamarTlos mier anonimuri<br />

wyaro<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli informaciis<br />

ZiriTad mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba<br />

gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis<br />

gamotanisas.”<br />

sasamarTlom aseve miuTiTa, rom<br />

marTlmsajulebis samarTliani<br />

ganxorcielebis uflebas imdenad<br />

didi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove<br />

demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, rom<br />

<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia am uflebis SezRudva<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom momCivanis mimarT<br />

adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> konvenciis me-6<br />

muxlis 1-li <strong>da</strong> 3.d. punqtebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevas.<br />

policiam un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>kavebulma SeZlos <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

uflebis gamoyeneba.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropulma<br />

sasamarTlom Cvenebebi<br />

arasarwmunod miiCnia, radganac<br />

policiam eWvmitanilebisgan<br />

aRiarebiTi Cvenebebi moipova<br />

im pirobebSi, roca maT ar<br />

hyav<strong>da</strong>T advokati. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />

isini xangrZliv izolirebul<br />

patimrobaSi imyofebodnen. am <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />

sasamarTlom <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom<br />

adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> me-6 muxlis<br />

pirveli punqtiT garantirebuli<br />

samarTliani <strong>da</strong> sajaro<br />

sasamarTlo ganxilvis uflebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevas.

piradi <strong>da</strong> ojaxuri<br />

cxovrebis, sacxovreblisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> korespondenciis<br />

xelSeuxeblobis ufleba<br />

(muxli 8)<br />

1. yvelas aqvs piradi <strong>da</strong><br />

ojaxuri cxovrebis,<br />

misi sacxovreblisa <strong>da</strong><br />

korespondenciis xelSe-<br />

uxeblobis ufleba.<br />

2. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia am uflebiT<br />

sar<strong>ge</strong>blobaSi saxelmwifo<br />

organoebis Careva,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> kanoniT gansazRvru-<br />

li SemTxvevebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

rodesac es aucilebelia<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />

erovnuli uSiSroebis,<br />

sazogadoebis usafrTxoebisa<br />

an ekonomikuri<br />

keTildReobis interesebi-<br />

<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

areulobis an <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis,<br />

janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong> moralis,<br />

an sxvaTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavisuflebis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

mizniT.<br />

am uflebis garantias evropul<br />

konveciasTan erTad ad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />

deklaraciis me-12 muxli,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c aRniSnulia, rom “ar<br />

SeiZleba aravis pirad <strong>da</strong><br />

ojaxur cxovrebaSi TviTneburi<br />

Careva, misi sacxovreblisa Tu<br />

korespondenciis saidumloebis,<br />

an<strong>da</strong> misi Rirsebisa <strong>da</strong> reputaciis<br />

Selaxva. yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs<br />

ufleba kanoniT iyos <strong>da</strong>culi mis<br />

uflebebSi aseTi Carevisgan an maTi<br />

xelyofisagan.”<br />

evropuli konvenciis es muxli<br />

icavs <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> oTx interess.<br />

esenia: piradi cxovreba, ojaxuri<br />

cxovreba, sacxovrebeli saxli <strong>da</strong><br />

mimowera.<br />

„piradi cxovreba“ moiazreba<br />

farTod <strong>da</strong> moicavs Semdeg<br />

aspeqtebs:<br />

saxeli <strong>da</strong> seqsualuri<br />

orientacia;<br />

41

42<br />

cxovrebis intimuri<br />

mxareebi;<br />

pirovnebad yofnisa <strong>da</strong><br />

piradi ganviTarebis<br />

ufleba;<br />

urTierTobebis <strong>da</strong>myarebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> urTierTobebis<br />

ganviTarebis ufleba;<br />

profesiuli an biznes<br />

xasiaTis saqmianoba;<br />

sxva a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

urTierToba, maT Soris,<br />

sazogadoebriv <strong>da</strong><br />

socialur konteqstSi.<br />

saqmeze `klasi <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis winaaRmdeg”<br />

momCivani acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis uSiSroebis samsaxuri<br />

awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> misi satelefono<br />

saubrebis mosmenas, ris gamoc<br />

<strong>da</strong>irRva misi piradi cxovrebis<br />

ufleba. <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

sasamarTlom moiSvelia <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa evropuli komisiis<br />

mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba <strong>da</strong><br />

ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: `miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa,<br />

rom „konvenciis me-8 muxlis<br />

1-l punqtSi satelefono<br />

saubrebi uSualod ar aris<br />

moxseniebuli, aseTi saubrebis<br />

saidumlos <strong>da</strong>cva „piradi<br />

cxovrebisa“ <strong>da</strong> „korespondenciis“<br />

xelSeuxeblobis garantiiTaa<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli.“ marTalia, am<br />

saqmeze sasamarTlom <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom<br />

konvenciis me-8 muxlis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas<br />

adgili ar hqonia, man sayuradRebo<br />

mosazreba gamoTqva pirovnebaze<br />

TvalTvalis ganxorcielebis<br />

sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. kerZod,<br />

sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom<br />

„kanoni, romelic ar zRu<strong>da</strong>vs<br />

saxelmwifos uflebamosilebas<br />

awarmoos pirovnebaze saidumlo<br />

Tvalyuris devneba Tun<strong>da</strong>c im<br />

mizeziT, rom es demokratiis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacava<strong>da</strong>a aucilebeli, safrTxes<br />

uqmnis Tavad demokratias <strong>da</strong><br />

mis arsebobasac ki. amdenad,<br />

konvenciis mxareebs ara aqvT<br />

ufleba jaSuSobisa <strong>da</strong> terorizmis<br />

winaaRmdeg brZolis saxeliT<br />

gamoiyenon pirovnebaze Tvalyuris<br />

devnebis nebismieri saSualeba.“<br />

piradi <strong>da</strong> ojaxuri<br />

cxovrebis, sacxovreblisa <strong>da</strong><br />

korespondenciis xelSeuxeblobis

ufleba garantirebulia<br />

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-<br />

20 muxlSi. am uflebis SezRudva<br />

saqarTvelos konstituciis<br />

aRniSnuli muxlis mixedviT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>iSveba „sasamarTlos<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT <strong>da</strong> mis gareSec<br />

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli aucileblobisas.“<br />

policielebi samsaxurebrivi<br />

movaleobis Sesrulebisas<br />

moipoveben informacias,<br />

romelic SesaZlebelia sxvebis<br />

pirad cxovrebas exebodes an<br />

potenciurad zianis momtani<br />

iyos maTi interesebisaTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong> reputaciisaTvis.<br />

amdenad, policiis<br />

saqmianobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

konvenciis am muxlTan<br />

mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania<br />

konfidencialurobis <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />

policiis Sesaxeb deklaraciis<br />

me-15 muxlis <strong>da</strong> samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi<br />

sferos moxeleTa qcevis<br />

kodeqsis me-4 muxlis mixedviT,<br />

policielma saidumlod un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seinaxos konfidencialuri<br />

xasiaTis cnobebi, Tu movaleobis<br />

Sesruleba an marTlmsajulebis<br />

moTxovnebi ar saWiroebs sxvagvar<br />

qmedebas.<br />

imisaTvis, rom policiis mier<br />

evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxliT<br />

garantirebuli piradi <strong>da</strong> ojaxuri<br />

cxovrebis, sacxovreblisa <strong>da</strong><br />

korespondenciis xelSeuxeblobis<br />

uflebis SezRudva marTlzomieri<br />

iyos:<br />

mas un<strong>da</strong> gaaCndes kanonieri<br />

safuZveli;<br />

misi qmedeba un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seesabamebodes kanonier<br />

mizans;<br />

uflebis SezRudvis<br />

safuZveli mocemuli un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos me-8 muxlSi.<br />

43

44<br />

azris, sindisisa <strong>da</strong><br />

religiis Tavisufleba<br />

(muxli 9)<br />

1. yvelas aqvs azris,<br />

sindisisa <strong>da</strong> religiis<br />

Tavisuflebis ufleba.<br />

es ufleba moicavs<br />

religiisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis<br />

Secvlis Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong><br />

rogorc marto, ise<br />

sxvebTan erTad, calke Tu<br />

sajarod religiis Tu<br />

rwmenis Tavisufali<br />

gamovlenis uflebas<br />

swavlebis, mimdevrobis,<br />

locvisa <strong>da</strong> wesebis<br />

aRsrulebis meSveobiT.<br />

2. religiisa <strong>da</strong> rwmenis<br />

gamovlenis Tavisufleba<br />

SeiZleba SeizRudos<br />

mxolod kanoniT<br />

gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tu aseTi SezRudva<br />

aucilebelia demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebaSi sazoga-<br />

doebrivi usafrTxoebis,<br />

wesrigis, janmrTelobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> moralis sxvaTa<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT.<br />

es muxli uflebas aniWebs<br />

yvelas, rom gamoavlinos Tavisi<br />

religiuri rwmena Tu mrwamsi<br />

ritualebis aRsrulebis, aseve<br />

swavlebis gavrcelebis gziT.<br />

saqmeze `erousmiti gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg”<br />

momCivani - pacifisturi<br />

moZraobis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli<br />

qalbatoni – pasuxis<strong>ge</strong>baSi<br />

iqna micemuli gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi<br />

iseTi saagitacio furclebis<br />

gavrcelebisaTvis, romlebic<br />

jariskacebs mouwodebdnen uari<br />

eTqvaT samxedro samsaxurze<br />

CrdiloeT irlandiaSi.<br />

erousmiti acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> misi sindisisa <strong>da</strong><br />

rwmenis Tavisuflebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa evropulma<br />

komisiam ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom me-9<br />

muxlis moqmedeba pacifisturi<br />

filosofiis mimdevrebzec<br />

vrceldeba, Tumca iqve aRniSna,<br />

rom saagitacio furclebis<br />

gavrceleba ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />

pacifisturi rwmenis gamovlenas,<br />

vinai<strong>da</strong>n termini “mimdevroba”,

a mniSvnelobiTac igi 9.1.<br />

muxlSi aris gamoyenebuli, “ar<br />

moicavs religiiT, an sxva rwmeniT<br />

motivirebul an STagonebul<br />

nebismier qmedebas”. komisiis<br />

ganmartebiT: “marTalia, sajaro<br />

pacifisturi mowodebebi <strong>da</strong>,<br />

zoga<strong>da</strong>d, Zaladobis winaaRmdeg<br />

gamarTuli aqciebi rwmenis uSualo<br />

gamoxatvas ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen, maTi<br />

ganxilva ar SeiZleba 9.1. muxlis<br />

farglebSi maSinac ki, rodesac<br />

aRniSnuli qmedebebi am rwmeniTaa<br />

motivirebuli.”<br />

konvenciis am muxliT<br />

garantirebuli azris, sindisisa <strong>da</strong><br />

religiis Tavisuflebis nebismieri<br />

SezRudva policiis mier kanonier<br />

mizans un<strong>da</strong> emyarebodes.<br />

igi un<strong>da</strong> iyos aucilebeli<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebis<br />

funqcionirebisTvis, SezRudvisas<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenebodes viTarebis<br />

Sesabamisi, proporciuli meTodebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mas safuZvlad me-9 muxlis<br />

meore nawilSi CamoTvlili erTerTi<br />

mizezi un<strong>da</strong> edos.<br />

azris, sindisisa <strong>da</strong> religiis<br />

Tavisufleba aris mniSvnelovani<br />

ufleba demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebaSi. is moicavs<br />

nebismieri saxis rwmenas <strong>da</strong><br />

rwmenasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />

Sexedulebebs. evropuli<br />

konvenciis gar<strong>da</strong> am uflebas<br />

ganamtkicebs <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />

deklaraciis me-18 muxli, aseve<br />

deklaracia nebismieri saxis<br />

Seuwynareblobisa <strong>da</strong> religiis an<br />

rwmenis safuZvelze yoelgvari<br />

diskriminaciis aRmofxvris<br />

Sesaxeb, romlis me-2 muxli<br />

krZalavs nebismieri saxelmwifo<br />

organizaciis, a<strong>da</strong>mianebis jgufis<br />

Tu calkeuli pirovnebebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

religiis an rwmenis nia<strong>da</strong>gze<br />

diskriminacias.<br />

saqarTvelos konstituciis<br />

me-19 muxli ad<strong>ge</strong>ns azris,<br />

sindisis, aRmsareblobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

rwmenis Tavisuflebis garantias.<br />

konstituciis aRniSnuli muxlis<br />

me-2 punqtis mixedviT, <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia<br />

„<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> devna sityvis, azris,<br />

aRmsareblobis an rwmenis gamo,<br />

agreTve misi iZuleba gamoTqvas<br />

Tavisi Sexeduleba maT Sesaxeb“.<br />

aseve <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia am uflebaTa<br />

SezRudva Tu maTi gamovlenis<br />

45

46<br />

SemTxvevaSi ar ilaxeba sxvaTa<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>. saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />

samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxlis<br />

mixedviT, isjeba RvTismsaxurebis<br />

an sxva religiuri wesisa Tu<br />

Cveulebis aRsrulebisaTvis<br />

ukanonod xelis SeSla ZaladobiT<br />

an Zaladobis muqariT, aseve Tu mas<br />

axlavs morwmunis an RvTismsaxuris<br />

religiuri grZnobis Seuracxyofa.<br />

sityvis <strong>da</strong> gamoxatvis<br />

Tavisufleba (muxli 10)<br />

1. yvelas aqvs sityvis<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoxatvis<br />

Tavisufleba. es<br />

gulisxmobs sakuTari<br />

Sexedulebebis qonasa <strong>da</strong><br />

saxelmwifos Carevis<br />

gareSe, sazRvrebis<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, informaciisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> ideebis Tavisufali<br />

miReba-gavrcelebis<br />

uflebas. es muxli<br />

ar ukrZalavs<br />

saxelmwifoebs radio-<br />

mauwyeblobis, televiziisa<br />

an kinowarmoebis sferoSi<br />

licenzirebis moTxovnis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebas.<br />

2. am TavisuflebaTa<br />

ganxorcieleba ganuyofelia<br />

garkveuli<br />

movaleobebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

valdebulebebis<br />

Sesrulebisagan <strong>da</strong>, amdenad,<br />

SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>eqvemdebaros<br />

iseTi pirobebis,<br />

SezRudvebisa <strong>da</strong> sanqciebis<br />

moTxovnebs, romlebic

kanoniT aris gaTvaliswine-<br />

buli <strong>da</strong> aucilebelia<br />

demokratiul sazogadoe-<br />

baSi Semdegi miznebis<br />

misaRwevad:<br />

erovnuli uSiSroebis,<br />

teritoriuli mTlianobisa<br />

an sazogadoebrivi<br />

usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

areulobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba;<br />

janmrTelobisa <strong>da</strong> moralis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

sxvaTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />

reputaciis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

konfidencialurad<br />

miRebuli informaciis<br />

gauxmaurebloba;<br />

sasamarTlos<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

miukerZoeblobis<br />

SenarCuneba.<br />

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis <strong>da</strong>cva<br />

demokratiis mTavari sazomia.<br />

igi exeba nebismier gamosaxviT<br />

saSualebas (videos, kinos <strong>da</strong><br />

sxv.), romelic gamoxatavs ideas<br />

an informacias. es principi aseve<br />

exeba gamoxatvis iseT formas<br />

Tu Sinaarss, romelic SeiZleba<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis garkveulma nawilma<br />

CaTvalos Seuracxmyoflad, Sokis<br />

momgvrelad an SemaZrwuneblad.<br />

am uflebis nebismieri SezRudva<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

kanoniT, saWiro <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> muxl 10.2.-Si CamoTvlil erTerT<br />

mizezs un<strong>da</strong> efuZnebodes.<br />

sityvis Tavisuflebis uflebis<br />

garantias saqarTvelos<br />

konstituciis me-19 muxli<br />

gansazRvravs. saqarTvelos<br />

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 153-e<br />

muxlis mixedviT, <strong>da</strong>sjadia sityvis<br />

Tavisuflebis an<strong>da</strong> informaciis<br />

miRebis an gavrcelebis uflebis<br />

ganxorcielebisaTvis ukanonod<br />

xelis SeSla, ramac mniSvnelovani<br />

ziani gamoiwvia.<br />

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba<br />

TavisTavad gulisxmobs presis<br />

cenzurisgan <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />

47

48<br />

mSvidobiani Sekrebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaerTianebis ufleba<br />

(muxli 11)<br />

1. yvelas aqvs mSvidobiani<br />

Sekrebebisa <strong>da</strong> sxvebTan<br />

gaerTianebis ufleba,<br />

maT Soris, sakuTari<br />

interesebis <strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT<br />

profkavSirebis Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong><br />

maTSi gawevrianebis ufleba.<br />

2. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia am<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>T sar<strong>ge</strong>blobis<br />

yovelgvari SezRudva,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> kanoniT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />

SemTxvevebisa <strong>da</strong> Tu es<br />

aucilebelia demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebaSi Semdegi<br />

miznebis misaRwevad:<br />

erovnuli usafrTxoebis an<br />

sazogadoebrivi wesrigis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulisa an areulobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba;<br />

janmrTelobisa <strong>da</strong> moralis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva;<br />

sxvaTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />

es muxli ar krZalavs kanonieri<br />

SezRudvebis <strong>da</strong>wesebas<br />

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, policiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo administraciis<br />

warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelTa mimarT. es<br />

muxli Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />

policiisTvis a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

Tavyrilobebis gakontrolebisas.<br />

kanoni policias uwesebs<br />

valdebulebas <strong>da</strong>icvas a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

am uflebis mSvidobiani gziT<br />

ganxorcielebisas. nebismieri<br />

saxis SezRudvas un<strong>da</strong> hqondes<br />

samarTlebrivi safuZveli <strong>da</strong><br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamodes muxl 11.2.-Si<br />

CamoTvlil erT-erT mizezs.<br />

evropuli konvenciis gar<strong>da</strong><br />

mSvidobiani Sekrebebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaerTianebis ufleba<br />

deklarirebulia gaeros<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />

deklaraciis me-20 muxlSi.<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos<br />

moxeleTa mier Zalisa <strong>da</strong><br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ZiriTad<br />

principebSi aRniSnulia, rom<br />

ukanono, magram araZaladuri

Sekrebebis <strong>da</strong>Slisas<br />

samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavi sferos<br />

moxeleebma Tavi un<strong>da</strong> aaridon<br />

Zalis gamoyenebas, an Tu es<br />

SesaZlebelia, SezRudon aseTi<br />

Zalis gamoyeneba minimalurad,<br />

saWiro donemde.<br />

mSvidobiani Sekrebis ufleba<br />

garantirebulia saqarTvelos<br />

konstituciis 25-e muxliT,<br />

romelSic aRniSnulia: „yvelas,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> im pirebisa, romlebic arian<br />

samxedro Zalebis, policiisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> uSiSroebis samsaxuris<br />

Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi, ufleba aqvs<br />

winaswari nebarTvis gareSe<br />

Seikribos sajarod <strong>da</strong> uiaraRod<br />

rogorc WerqveS, ise gareT.“<br />

saqmeze `platonma eqimebi<br />

sicocxlisaTvis“ avstriis<br />

winaaRmdeg momCivani iyo abortis<br />

mowinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong> eqimTa asociacia,<br />

romlis mier mowyobili ori<br />

demonstracia asociaciis<br />

saqmianobis mowinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>Ta<br />

jgufebma <strong>da</strong>arbies. policia,<br />

romelic orive SemTxvevas<br />

eswrebo<strong>da</strong>, Caeria mxolod maSin,<br />

rodesac xelCarTuli Setakebis<br />

aSkara safrTxe Seiqmna. manamde,<br />

demonstraciis mowinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>Ta<br />

mier megafonebiT SeZaxilebiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> kvercxebis sroliT protestis<br />

gamoxatvaze policias araferi<br />

moumoqmedia. asociacia miiCnev<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom xelisuflebam ar miiRo<br />

qmediTi zomebi maTi Sekrebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavad, rac konvenciiT<br />

garantirebul Sekrebis uflebas<br />

arRvev<strong>da</strong>. amis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

mTavroba acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

konvenciis me-11 muxli ar<br />

akisreb<strong>da</strong> mas demonstraciebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis pozitiur valdebulebas.<br />

saqmis ganxilvisas <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa evropulma komisiam<br />

gaixsena am uflebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sxva saqmeebze<br />

gamoTqmuli mosazreba, romlis<br />

mixedviTac „me-11 muxlis<br />

pirveli punqtiT aRiarebuli<br />

mSvidobiani Sekrebis ufleba<br />

moicavs kontrdemonstrantebis<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmebisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />

uflebasac, vinai<strong>da</strong>n mxolod<br />

amgvarad SeiZleba am uflebiT<br />

sar<strong>ge</strong>blobis uzrunvelyofa<br />

im socialuri jgufebisaTvis,<br />

romelTac surT garkveuli<br />

49

50<br />

sakiTxebis mimarT TavianTi<br />

principuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />

gamoxatva“. es mosazreba gaiziara<br />

evropis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

sasamarTlom, Tumca miiCnia, rom<br />

mocemul SemTxvevaSi me-11 muxli<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>rRveeula, vinai<strong>da</strong>n policia<br />

Tanazomierebis principiT<br />

xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sasamarTlom gaiziara mTavrobis<br />

argumenti, romlis mixedviTac<br />

policiis Careva gar<strong>da</strong>uvlad<br />

gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong> fizikur Sexla-<br />

Semoxlas. sasamarTlom miuTiTa,<br />

rom „saukeTeso arCevaniiqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />

prevenciuli zomebis miReba<br />

fizikuri Zaladobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

asacileblad, xolo Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba gamarTlebulia im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgili aqvs<br />

areulobas. aseTi midgoma<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />

maSin, rodesac arsebobs realuri<br />

safrTxe, rom Zaladobis afeTqebis<br />

sababi SeiZleba Tavad policiis<br />

Careva gaxdes. amdenad, ar SeiZleba<br />

avstriis xelisuflebis gamtyuneba<br />

imis gamo, rom man gaiTvaliswina<br />

es safrTxe <strong>da</strong> mxolod maSin<br />

gafanta kontrdemonstrantebi,<br />

roca Zaladobrivi <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis<br />

provocirebis safrTxe Seiqmna.<br />

xelisuflebis mizani iyo ufro<br />

farTomaStabiani areulobis<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba (muxli 11.2).<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, policiis Caurevloba<br />

miznad isaxav<strong>da</strong> kontrdemonstraciis<br />

monawileTa<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s, anu konvenciis amave<br />

debulebiT gansazRvruli „sxvaTa<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s“ <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong>, amdenad,<br />

am mosazrebiTac SeiZleba misi<br />

umoqmedobis gamarTleba.“

diskriminaciis akrZalva<br />

(muxli 14)<br />

am konvenciaSi mocemuli<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

gamoyeneba un<strong>da</strong> xdebodes<br />

yvelasaTvis Tanabrad,<br />

diskriminaciis gareSe, sqesis,<br />

rasis, kanis feris, enis,<br />

religiis, politikuri an<br />

sxvagvari azris, erovnuli Tu<br />

socialuri warmoSobis, erovnul<br />

umciresobasTan gaerTianebis,<br />

qonebis, an sxvagvari statusis<br />

gauTvaliswineblad.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom konvenciis<br />

me-14 muxli calke uflebas ar<br />

gansazRvravs, igi ganavrcobs<br />

<strong>da</strong> ganamtkicebs konvenciis<br />

sxva muxlebiT garantirebul<br />

uflebebs <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebebs.<br />

rogorc <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa<br />

evropulma sasamarTlom erTerTi<br />

saqmis ganxilvisas aRniSna,<br />

me-14 muxli konvenciis TiToeuli<br />

im muxlis ganuyofeli nawilia,<br />

romlebSic ZiriTadi <strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>a Camoyalibebuli.<br />

enebis Sesaxeb belgiis saqmeze,<br />

frangulenovan mSobelTa jgufi<br />

acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom maT mimarT adgili<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> konvenciis pirveli<br />

oqmis me-2 muxlis (es muxli<br />

aRiarebs ganaTlebis uflebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifo<br />

pativs scemdes mSobelTa uflebas<br />

uzruvnelyon Svilebis ganaTleba<br />

maTi religiuri <strong>da</strong> filosofiuri<br />

Sexedulebebis Sesabamisad) <strong>da</strong><br />

konvenciis me-14 muxlis <strong>da</strong>rRveva.<br />

me-14 muxlTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom am<br />

muxliT uzrunvelyofili garantia<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblad ar SeiZleba<br />

arsebobdes, anu igi yovelTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia konvenciiT<br />

gansazRvruli sxva <strong>uflebebi</strong>Ta <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>T sar<strong>ge</strong>blobasTan.<br />

amasTan, qmedeba SesaZloa Tavis<br />

mxriv ar ewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>bodes<br />

konvenciis ama Tu im muxlis<br />

moTxovnas, magram me-14 muxlTan<br />

mimarTebaSi diskrimnaciul<br />

xasiaTs atarebdes <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad,<br />

arRvevdes mas.<br />

diskriminacia akrZalulia<br />

saqarTvelos moqmedi<br />

51

52<br />

kanonmdeblobiTac. saqarTvelos<br />

konstituciis me-14 muxlis<br />

mixedviT: „yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebiT Tavisufalia <strong>da</strong> kanonis<br />

winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad<br />

rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa,<br />

sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> sxva Sexedulebebisa,<br />

erovnuli, eTnikuri <strong>da</strong><br />

socialuri kuTvnilebisa,<br />

warmoSobisa, qonebrivi <strong>da</strong><br />

wodebrivi mdgomareobisa,<br />

sacxovrebeli adgilisa. a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

Tanasworuflebianobis <strong>da</strong>rRveva,<br />

romliTac arsebiTa<strong>da</strong>a xelyofili<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> ufleba, isjeba<br />

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />

kodeqsis 142-e muxlis Sesabamisad.“<br />

mniSvnelovania, rom<br />

policia TanamSromlobdes<br />

xelisuflebasTan <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebas<br />

uwevdes mas im pirTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>s<br />

efeqtur samarTlebriv<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvaSi, romlebic acxadeben,<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>irRva maTi konvenciiT<br />

miniWebuli esa Tu is ufleba.<br />

aucilebelia, rom policiis<br />

TanamSromlebma evropul<br />

konvenciaSi mocemuli <strong>uflebebi</strong>sa<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tavis<strong>uflebebi</strong>s SezRudvis<br />

dros gamoiCinon Tanamimdevruli<br />

midgoma. isini gansxvavebulad ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> moepyron a<strong>da</strong>mianebs zemoT<br />

moyvanili gansxvavebebis gamo,<br />

obieqturi <strong>da</strong> mizanSewonili<br />

gamarTlebis gareSe. amgvari<br />

gamarTleba <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />

misaRebi zomis mizansa <strong>da</strong> Sedegze,<br />

aseve imaze, Tu ramdenad arsebobs<br />

Sesabamisoba gamoyenebul<br />

saSualebebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxul mizans<br />

Soris.

S e n i S v n e b i s T v i s :<br />

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54<br />

S e n i S v n e b i s T v i s :

S e n i S v n e b i s T v i s :<br />

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56<br />

<strong>da</strong>finansebulia evrokavSiris mier<br />

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faqsi: 995 32 92 05 96<br />

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