korufciisgan Tavisufali sazogadoeba: ra gzas davadgeT?
korufciisgan Tavisufali sazogadoeba: ra gzas davadgeT?
korufciisgan Tavisufali sazogadoeba: ra gzas davadgeT?
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>korufciisgan</strong><br />
<strong>Tavisufali</strong><br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>:<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>gzas</strong> <strong>davadgeT</strong>?<br />
saxalxo saxalxo forumebis forumebis Sedegebi<br />
Sedegebi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2006<br />
2006
proeqti proeqti dafinansebulia dafinansebulia dafinansebulia evrokavSiris evrokavSiris mier<br />
mier<br />
proeqti ganxorcielda cvlilebisa da konfliqtis marTvis centris “partniorebi –<br />
saqarTvelo” da mSvidobis, demok<strong>ra</strong>tiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri institutis mier<br />
<strong>korufciisgan</strong> <strong>korufciisgan</strong> <strong>Tavisufali</strong> <strong>Tavisufali</strong> <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>: <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>: <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>gzas</strong> <strong>gzas</strong> <strong>davadgeT</strong>?<br />
<strong>davadgeT</strong>?<br />
saxalxo saxalxo forumebis forumebis forumebis Sedegebi<br />
Sedegebi<br />
avtorebi: avtorebi: koba koba kikabiZe, kikabiZe, daviT daviT daviT losaberiZe<br />
losaberiZe<br />
recenzentebi: recenzentebi: daviT daviT darCiaSvili, darCiaSvili, gia gia nodia, nodia, daviT daviT usufaSvili<br />
usufaSvili<br />
proeqtis proeqtis xelmZRvaneli: xelmZRvaneli: milena milena miTagvaria<br />
miTagvaria<br />
miTagvaria<br />
gamocema ganxorcielda evrokavSiris finansuri mxardaWeris Sedegad, demok<strong>ra</strong>tiisa da adamianis<br />
uflebaTa evropuli iniciativis mikroproeqtebis prog<strong>ra</strong>misa da cvlilebisa da konfliqtis<br />
marTvis centri “partniorebi - saqarTvelos” Soris dadebuli EuropeAid/119-571/L/G/GE<br />
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, proeqtis “korufciasTan brZola da misi prevencia saqarTveloSi<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gaZlierebisa da moqalaqeTa politikuri procesis gaaqtiurebis<br />
meSveobiT” farglebSi. aq gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvniT forumis monawileebs da SeiZleba<br />
ar gamoxatavdnen evrokavSiris an proeqtis ganmaxorcielebeli organizaciebis Sexedulebebs.<br />
© Partners-Georgia, CIPDD; 2006<br />
ISBN: 99940-62-63-8<br />
daibeWda “qalTa polig<strong>ra</strong>fiul servisSi”<br />
T.: (995 32) 942 699, www.ginsc.net
Sinaarsi<br />
Sesavali<br />
Sesavali.....................................................................................................................................<br />
Sesavali ..................................................................................................................................... 5<br />
meTodologia<br />
meTodologia........................................................................................................................<br />
meTodologia ........................................................................................................................ 7<br />
<strong>ra</strong> aris saxalxo ganxilva da rogoria misi<br />
ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi? ...................................................................................... 7<br />
<strong>ra</strong> aris saxalxo ganxilvis saboloo produqti? ..................................... 10<br />
10<br />
Cveni st<strong>ra</strong>tegia ...................................................................................................... 14<br />
14<br />
korufciis korufciis anatomia<br />
anatomia......................................................................................................<br />
anatomia<br />
anatomia......................................................................................................<br />
...................................................................................................... 18<br />
18<br />
korufciis korufciis problema problema problema saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi ...............................................................<br />
............................................................... ............................................................... 36<br />
36<br />
rogor rogor davZlioT davZlioT korufcia? korufcia? .................................................................................<br />
................................................................................. ................................................................................. 44<br />
44<br />
midgoma 1 - ~yvela korumpirebuli dasaWeria~ ......................................... 46<br />
46<br />
midgoma 2 - ~daviwyoT sufTa furclidan~ .................................................. 47<br />
47<br />
midgoma 3 - ~patiosnebis kunZulebi~ ............................................................ 49<br />
49<br />
forumebze forumebze gamoTqmuli gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi mosazrebebi .........................................................<br />
......................................................... ......................................................... 52<br />
52<br />
moqalaqe da korufciuli garemo ................................................................... 52<br />
52<br />
SemoTavazebuli modelebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi .......... 57<br />
57<br />
forumis forumis Sedegebis Sedegebis Sejameba Sejameba .............................................................................. .............................................................................. 68<br />
68<br />
danarTi danarTi 1. 1. amonaridi amonaridi forumebis forumebis msvlelobidan msvlelobidan ......................... ......................... 74<br />
74<br />
danarTi danarTi 2. 2. kiTxvarebi kiTxvarebi .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. 82<br />
82<br />
danarTi danarTi danarTi 3. 3. gamokiTxvis gamokiTxvis Sedegebi Sedegebi .................................................................. 84<br />
84
Sesavali<br />
bolo wlebSi, korufciis problemam udidesi politikuri da ekonomikuri mniSvneloba SeiZina,<br />
xolo mis winaaRmdeg gadaudebeli zomebis miRebis aucilebloba sul ufro TvalnaTelia.<br />
korufcia saxelmwifos da sazogadoebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze sxvadasxva saxiT da<br />
simZimiT vlindeba da Sesabamisad, korufciasTan gamklavebis m<strong>ra</strong>vali gza arsebobs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m am<br />
brZolis procesSi sazogadoebis politikuri neba da mxardaWe<strong>ra</strong> warmatebis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
sawindaria. es gansakuTrebiT mwvaved iCens Tavs e.w. gardamaval sazogadoebebSi, kerZod -<br />
postkomunistur qveynebSi. vinaidan saqarTveloc am qveynebis ricxvs miekuTvneba, ZiriTadi<br />
aqcenti swored aseTi qveynebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel problemebze unda gakeTdes.<br />
saqarTvelos orma a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciam - cvlilebisa da konfliqtis marTvis centrma<br />
“partniorebi - saqarTvelo” da mSvidobis, demok<strong>ra</strong>tiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiurma<br />
institutma, evrokavSiris finansuri mxardaWeriT wamoiwyes erToblivi proeqti, romlis<br />
mTavari mizani iyo xeli Seewyos saqarTveloSi korufciasTan brZolasa da mis efeqtur<br />
prevencias, erTis mxriv samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Zalisxmevebis gaZlierebisa da meores mxriv,<br />
qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebSi rigiTi moqalaqeebis monawileobis waxalisebiT.<br />
proeqtis farglebSi ganxorcielda saqarTveloSi naklebad cnobili saxalxo ganxilvebis<br />
meTodologiis testireba, amitom, proeqtis avtorebi mas pilotur proeqtad miiCneven.<br />
aRniSnuli saqmianobis procesSi ori ZiriTadi amocana Sesrulda:<br />
saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva regionSi regionSi regionSi regionSi regionSi momuSave momuSave momuSave momuSave momuSave a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
organizaciebis<br />
organizaciebis<br />
organizaciebis<br />
organizaciebis<br />
instituciuri instituciuri instituciuri instituciuri instituciuri gaZliereba<br />
gaZliereba<br />
gaZliereba gaZliereba<br />
gaZliereba specialuri treningebisa da seminarebis meSveobiT.<br />
treningebis Sedegad monawileebma a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod gaiumjobeses Sesabamisi codna da unar-<br />
Cvevebi, a<strong>ra</strong>med daeuflnen moqalaqeTa politikuri procesis inicirebisa da marTvis<br />
specialur meTodologias (e.w. “saxalxo ganxilvebis” meTodologia).<br />
saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva sxvadasxva regionSi regionSi regionSi regionSi regionSi moqalaqeTa moqalaqeTa moqalaqeTa moqalaqeTa moqalaqeTa politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri procesis<br />
procesis<br />
procesis<br />
procesis<br />
procesis<br />
stimulireba<br />
stimulireba<br />
stimulireba stimulireba<br />
stimulireba e.w. saxalxo forumebis gamarTvis meSveobiT. saxalxo forumebze mowveul<br />
iqnen rigiTi moqalaqeebi, romlebic erTad msjelobdnen korufciis problemaze da misi<br />
daZlevis SesaZlebel gzebsa da ZiriTad mimarTulebebze. proeqtis avtorebi va<strong>ra</strong>udobdnen<br />
da imedovnebdnen, rom codna imisa, Tu <strong>ra</strong>s fiqroben rigiTi moqalaqeebi korufciasTan<br />
5
6<br />
brZolis SesaZlo meTodebis Sesaxeb, daexmareba rogorc a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciebs,<br />
aseve Sesabamis samTavrobo struqturebs <strong>ra</strong>c SeiZleba metad gaiTvaliswinon sazogadoebis<br />
azri antikorufciuli prog<strong>ra</strong>mebis dagegmvis dros, <strong>ra</strong>c, Tavis mxriv, imis ga<strong>ra</strong>ntia iqneba,<br />
rom <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> maT aqtiu<strong>ra</strong>d dauWers mxars am gegmebis ganxorcielebis procesSi.<br />
am gamocemaSi Cven gTavazobT saxalxo forumebis Semajamebel angariSs, romelSic saboloo<br />
saxiTaa Sejerebuli da gaanalizebuli saqarTvelos 8 qalaqSi mcxovreb moqalaqeTa azri<br />
korufciasTan brZolis Sesaxeb.
meTodologia<br />
demok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli politikis swori ganxorcielebisTvis xalxma aqtiu<strong>ra</strong>d unda imoqmedos. a<strong>ra</strong>a<br />
sakmarisi arCevnebze xmis micema, saxalxo rCeulTa mxardaWe<strong>ra</strong>, a<strong>ra</strong>a sakmarisi ub<strong>ra</strong>lod<br />
sakuTari azris qona an mimdinare movlenebis Tvalyuris devneba. saWiroa vimoqmedoT, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
sanam daviwyebdeT moqmedebas, unda gadavwyvitoT, Tu ris gakeTebas vapirebT.<br />
saxalxo saxalxo ganxilva ganxilva ganxilva (public delibe<strong>ra</strong>tion) aris Rrma istoriuli fesvebis mqone procesi, rodesac<br />
adamianebi ikribebian da erToblivad wyveten, Tu rogor imoqmedon. ama Tu im problemis<br />
mogvarebis sxvadasxva gzebis da maTi SesaZlo Sedegebis detaluri gaazrebisa da gaanalizebis<br />
Semdeg adamianebi acnobiereben, rom sxva adamianebis mier problemis (da Sesabamisad misi<br />
mogvarebis gzebis) aRqma SesaZloa arsebiTad gansxvavdebodes maTi sakuTari aRqmisgan. amis<br />
gacnobiereba ubiZgebs maT eZion iseTi moqmedebebi da gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic faseuli<br />
da misaRebia a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod maTTvis, a<strong>ra</strong>med mTlianad sazogadoebisTvis. saxalxo ganxilvis<br />
procesi SesaZloa mimdinareobdes mcire, aTiode adamianisgan Semdgar jgufebSi; aseT jgufebs<br />
Semswavleli jgufebi ewodeba. rodesac saxalxo ganxilva ufro masStabur formebs iZens,<br />
saubaria ukve saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo forumebze. forumebze<br />
forumebze<br />
forumebze<br />
forumebze Cveni proeqtis farglebSi gamoyenebul iqna saxalxo<br />
ganxilvis swored aseTi, ufro masStaburi tipis midgoma, romelzec odnav ufro vrclad<br />
gvinda mogaxsenoT.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> aris aris saxalxo saxalxo ganxilva ganxilva da da rogoria rogoria rogoria misi misi ganmasxvavebeli<br />
ganmasxvavebeli<br />
niSnebi?<br />
niSnebi?<br />
namdvilad brZnuli gadawyvetilebis misaRebad mxolod saubari, kamaTi an faseulobaTa<br />
garkveva a<strong>ra</strong>a sakmarisi. saWiroa gadawyvetilebis TiToeuli SesaZlo variantis Sedegebis<br />
zedmiwevniT gaanalizeba, gaazreba, yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi momentis Sefaseba, da<br />
zustad amaSia ganxilvis arsi. ganxilva gvexmareba gavigoT, Tu <strong>ra</strong>mdenad safuZvliania Cveni<br />
gadawyvetileba da <strong>ra</strong>mdenad mzad varT im SedegebisTvis, romlebic mohyveba am<br />
gadawyvetilebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
politikuri diskusiebis umetesoba - debatebia. mas mediis meSveobiT gadmocemuli istoriebi<br />
politikas usasrulo Sejibris formas aniWeben da adamianebi mTels energiasa da dros mxolod<br />
imaze xarjaven, rom sabolood gaarkvion, Tu vis mxareze arian, an vis winaaRmdeg gamodian.<br />
7
saxalxo ganxilva Zireulad gansxvavdeba debatebisgan. es ar aris politikuri kamaTi, romlis<br />
drosac mxareebi cdiloben ajobon erTmaneTs lapa<strong>ra</strong>kSi demagogiis saSualebiT; is agreTve<br />
ar hgavs usistemo saubars, romelic didi mcdelobebis Sedegad zrdilobian-civilur formaSia<br />
moqceuli. saxalxo ganxilva aris erToblivi gansjisa da daskvnebis erToblivi gamotanis<br />
meTodi.<br />
ganxilva aris struqturirebuli dialogi, romelic Semofarglulia problemis mogvarebis<br />
sami - oTxi (da a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod ori sapirispiro!) alternatiuli variantiT. dialogis aseTi<br />
struqtu<strong>ra</strong> iZleva saSualebas gverdi avuaroT gamartivebuli argumentebiT “gamagrebul”<br />
urTierTb<strong>ra</strong>ldebebsa da Setevebs.<br />
ganxilva niSnavs yvela alternativis Sefasebas imis mixedviT, Tu <strong>ra</strong> aris CvenTvis marTlac<br />
faseuli. ganxilva agreTve gulisxmobs sxva adamianebis Sexedulebebis Sefasebasa da gaazrebas.<br />
arc erTi calke aRebuli adamiani, an adamianTa mcire jgufi ar flobs sakmaris gamocdilebas<br />
da ganWvretis unars, imisaTvis, rom saukeTeso SesaZlo arCevani gaakeTos. amitomaa esoden<br />
mniSvnelovani moqalaqeTa warmomadgenlobiTi jgufis Tvalsazrisebis da Sexedulebebis<br />
Sejereba kombinireba.<br />
cxadia, rom SeuZlebelia absolutu<strong>ra</strong>d darwmunebuli viyoT ama Tu im miRebuli<br />
gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi manam, sanam konkretul qmedebebs ar ganvaxorcielebT. mag<strong>ra</strong>m is<br />
mainc xom SegviZlia, rom yvelanairi SesaZlo Sedegi gaviTvaliswinoT da vkiTxoT sakuTar<br />
Tavs, <strong>ra</strong>mdenad mzad viqnebiT yvelaze uaresi Sedegis misaRebad.<br />
saxalxo ganxilva niSnavs gadawyvetilebis miRebas a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod faqtebze, a<strong>ra</strong>med Cvens WeSmarit<br />
faseulobebze dayrdnobiT. rodesac Cven rTul arCevans vupirispirdebiT, vcdilobT<br />
SeZlebisdagva<strong>ra</strong>d sruli informacia movipovoT. ueWvelad, faqtebi Zalian mniSvnelovania,<br />
mag<strong>ra</strong>m mxolod faqtebiT yvela kiTxvas ver vupasuxebT. saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvebi ganxilvebi ganxilvebi ganxilvebi ganxilvebi metad metad metad metad metad<br />
mosaxerxebelia mosaxerxebelia mosaxerxebelia mosaxerxebelia mosaxerxebelia zustad zustad zustad zustad zustad im im im im im sakiTxebis sakiTxebis sakiTxebis sakiTxebis sakiTxebis gasaazreblad, gasaazreblad, gasaazreblad, gasaazreblad, gasaazreblad, romelTa romelTa romelTa romelTa romelTa mimarT mimarT mimarT mimarT mimarT ar ar ar ar ar arsebobs<br />
arsebobs<br />
arsebobs<br />
arsebobs<br />
arsebobs<br />
sando sando sando sando sando faqtobrivi faqtobrivi faqtobrivi faqtobrivi faqtobrivi masala, masala, masala, masala, masala, romelic romelic romelic romelic romelic dagvexmareboda dagvexmareboda dagvexmareboda dagvexmareboda dagvexmareboda universaluri universaluri universaluri universaluri universaluri swori swori swori swori swori pasuxis pasuxis pasuxis pasuxis pasuxis<br />
gacemaSi.<br />
gacemaSi.<br />
gacemaSi.<br />
gacemaSi.<br />
gacemaSi.<br />
saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvis ganxilvis Catarebis Catarebis Catarebis winapiroba:<br />
winapiroba:<br />
problemis problemis aRwe<strong>ra</strong> aRwe<strong>ra</strong> yvelasTvis yvelasTvis yvelasTvis gasageb gasageb enaze.<br />
enaze.<br />
sanam romelime aqtualuri problemis ganxilvas daviwyebdeT, saWiroa misi iseTi formiT<br />
wardgena, romelic sazogadoebis farTo masebis yu<strong>ra</strong>dRebis mipyrobas Seuwyobs xels. sanam<br />
moqalaqeebi SeZleben erTad imuSaon problemebis gadasawyvetad, maT unda gaaCndeT<br />
8
gaziarebuli xedva imisa, Tu <strong>ra</strong>Si mdgomareobs esa Tu is problema, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Zalian xSi<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
problemebi, romlebic yovel Cvengans exeba, eqspertebis mier ganisazRvreba da “SeifuTeba”<br />
ise, rom maT mza mogvarebebi mohyveba Tan. Semdgom es “mogvarebebi” aitaceba politikuri<br />
liderebis mier da gadis mas mediaSi ise, TiTqos Tavad am “mogvarebis” ganxorcieleba iyos<br />
problema. amgva<strong>ra</strong>d, problemis realuri arsi ikargeba da is sakiTxi, Tu <strong>ra</strong> kuTxiT, <strong>ra</strong>nai<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
awuxebs es problema adamianebs, aRarc ki figurirebs dRis wesrigSi.<br />
saxalxo ganxilvis meTodologia iTvaliswinebs yovelive zemoTqmuls da ayalibebs problemas<br />
iseT terminebSi, iseT enaze, romelic ukavSirdeba moqalaqeebis realur xedvas da asaxavs<br />
imas, <strong>ra</strong>c maTTvisaa faseuli. amis Sedegad sxvadasxva prioritetebis mqone adamianebic ki<br />
axerxeben masSi garkvevas da SeuZliaT gaiazron, Tu <strong>ra</strong>Si mdgomareobs saxeldobr maTi<br />
problema, <strong>ra</strong> aris problemis Ziri da arsi.<br />
problemis saTanado wardgenis mizniT specialu<strong>ra</strong>d saxalxo ganxilvisTvis Sesabamisi eqspertanalitikosebis<br />
mier mzaddeba da gamoicema e.w. Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri broSurebi, broSurebi<br />
broSurebi<br />
broSurebi<br />
broSurebi romlebic problemis<br />
zustad aseT, popularul interpretacias iZlevian. aseTi broSurebi urigdebaT adamianebs<br />
saxalxo ganxilvaSi monawileobis win, <strong>ra</strong>Ta isini gaecnon problemis arss, misi mogvarebis<br />
alternatiul gzebs da daiwyon am problemaze fiqri jer kidev manam, sanam uSualod Seudgebian<br />
mis ganxilvas forumis dros. broSurebSi problemis garCevas Tan axlavs Sesabamisi, yvelasaTvis<br />
naTeli magaliTebi, da mocemulia sakmarisi informacia imisaTvis, <strong>ra</strong>Ta problemis sxvadasxva<br />
“mogvarebebsa” Tu alternativebs Soris arsebuli yvela pozitiuri da negatiuri mxare gairkves<br />
zedmiwevniTi gansjis da analizis meSveobiT.<br />
oriode sityviT gvinda SevexoT imasac, Tu saxeldobr rogori rogori rogori rogori rogori problemebi problemebi problemebi problemebi problemebi SeiZleba<br />
SeiZleba<br />
SeiZleba<br />
SeiZleba<br />
SeiZleba<br />
gavxadoT gavxadoT gavxadoT gavxadoT gavxadoT saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvis ganxilvis ganxilvis ganxilvis ganxilvis sagani: sagani sagani sagani sagani<br />
problema, romlis irgvlivac unda gakeTdes arCevani, mag<strong>ra</strong>m garkveuli pasuxi ar arsebobs;<br />
problema, romelic sakmaod bevr adamians, anu sazogadoebis um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobas, awuxebs;<br />
problema, romlis mimarTac saWiroa adamianTa garkveuli jgufebis moqmedeba, imisaTvis,<br />
rom mdgomareoba gaumjobesdes;<br />
problema, romlis mimarTac axali midgoma SesaZloa qmediTi aRmoCndes da daexmaros<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s mis daZlevaSi;<br />
problema, romlis irgvlivac moqalaqeebs jer ar miecaT msjelobisa da analizis saSualeba<br />
(anu ar ganuxilavT moqmedebis sxvadasxva mimarTuleba da Sesabamisi grZelvadiani<br />
Sedegebi);<br />
problema, romlis gadawyvetac politikosebis mier moiTxovs sazogadoebis mosazrebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebas.<br />
9
a <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> ar ar ar ar ar gamodgeba gamodgeba gamodgeba gamodgeba gamodgeba forumze forumze forumze forumze forumze gasatanad:<br />
gasatanad:<br />
gasatanad:<br />
gasatanad:<br />
gasatanad:<br />
problema, romelic uaRresad teqnikuria da teqnikur gadawyvetas moiTxovs;<br />
problema, romelic saWiroebs mxolod “ki” an “a<strong>ra</strong>”-s pasuxs;<br />
problema, romlis mogvarebac ukve gadawyda da sazogadoebis roli am SemTxvevaSi mxolod<br />
“beWdiT damowmebaa”;<br />
problema, romelic moiTxovs dauyovnebliv reagirebas;<br />
problema, romelic exeba mxolod Zalian viwro interesTa jgufs.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> aris aris aris saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvis ganxilvis saboloo saboloo produqti?<br />
produqti?<br />
cvlileba cvlileba adamianTa adamianTa azrovnebaSi<br />
azrovnebaSi<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebSi aTasobiT saxalxo forumebis Catarebis Sedegad dagrovili gamocdilebis<br />
safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sawyisi efeqti, ZiriTadad, pirovnul doneze xdeba. ganmeorebiTi<br />
forumebi cvlian adamianebs. forumSi monawileobis Sedegad isini ukeT “grZnoben” problemas,<br />
SeuZliaT misi globalur konteqstSi danaxva, sxva problemebTan dakavSireba an pa<strong>ra</strong>lelebis<br />
gavleba da a.S. yvelaferi es exmareba maT ufro Rrmad gaiazron problema da misi mniSvneloba. sxva<br />
adamianebTan erTad problemis ganxilvis gamocdileba aniWebs adamians ufro met<br />
Tavdajerebulobas - is rwmundeba imaSi, rom SeuZlia iqonios da gamoxatos kidec sakuTari azri.<br />
sxvadasxva forumebis kvlevebma aCvena, rom ganxilvebSi monawileobis Sedegad respondentTa<br />
daaxloebiT naxevari icvlis sakuTar Sexedulebas. respondentTa gacilebiT maRalma<br />
procentma (71%) aRia<strong>ra</strong>, rom maT Sinaganad dauSves gansxvavebuli azris arseboba, Tumca<br />
sajarod sakuTari Sexeduleba ar SeucvliaT. monawileTa 78%-ze metma daadastu<strong>ra</strong>, rom<br />
moismines da moiwones mosazrebebi, romlebic sakmaod gansxvavdeboda maTi Sexedulebebisgan1 .<br />
mxolod erT forumSi monawileoba ver Secvlis Cvens Camoyalibebul rwmenebsa da<br />
Sexedulebebs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m isini, vinc <strong>ra</strong>mdenime forumis monawile gaxdnen, aRiareben, rom<br />
gansxvavebulad usmenen da kiTxuloben axal ambebs - isini cdiloben ipovon am ambebis<br />
ganviTarebis alternatiuli variantebi da agreTve is Sedegebi, <strong>ra</strong>c SesaZloa mohyves am<br />
yvelafers. adamianebi aseve amboben, rom ufro aqtiurebi gaxdnen moqalaqeobrivi<br />
TvalsazrisiT. albaT is, rom adamianebs ecvleba damokidebuleba sxva adamianebis azris mimarT,<br />
ubiZgebs maT irwmunon erToblivi moqmedebis SesaZlebloba. forumis monawileni aRiqvamen<br />
1 David Mattews, Noelle McAfee. Making Choices Together: The Power of Public Delibe<strong>ra</strong>tion; Kettering Foundation; 2003<br />
10
sakuTar Tavs a<strong>ra</strong> rogorc ub<strong>ra</strong>lo klients, an momxmarebels, a<strong>ra</strong>med rogorc politikuri<br />
procesebis uSualo monawiles.<br />
moqalaqeobrivi moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgebloba<br />
pasuxismgebloba<br />
kargad mofiqrebuli da saguldagulod gaazrebuli arCevanis gakeTebis pasuxismgebloba xels<br />
uwyobs samoqalaqo pasuximsgeblobis ganviTarebas. adamianebi grZnoben gacilebiT met<br />
pasuxismgeblobas maSin, rodesac Tavad akeTeben arCevans, da a<strong>ra</strong> rodesac amas maT magier sxva<br />
vinme akeTebs.<br />
axali axali codna<br />
codna<br />
forumis erT-erTi umTavresi produqtia informacia da codna, romelsac sxvagva<strong>ra</strong>d ver<br />
movipovebdiT verc sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis, verc eqspertebTan konsultirebis<br />
meSveobiT. aseT informacias zogjer “sazogadoebriv codnas” uwodeben da is SeiZleba miiRo<br />
mxolod mWidro urTierTobebis dros. kerZod, SesaZlebelia gaarkvio:<br />
rogor uyurebs <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> ama Tu im problemas, an <strong>ra</strong> midgomas arCevs igi mis mosagvareblad;<br />
<strong>ra</strong> aris faseuli da Rirebuli adamianebisTvis da sad ikveTeba an ejaxeba erTmaneTs maTi<br />
Sexedulebebi;<br />
ris keTeba surT an ar surT adamianebs problemis mogvarebis procesSi;<br />
<strong>ra</strong> Sedegebi mohyveba im moqmedebebs, romlebic miuRebelia sazogadoebisTvis da rogoria<br />
maTTvis misaRebi Sedegebi;<br />
aris Tu a<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong>ime saerTo adamianebis mosazrebebSi, <strong>ra</strong>c mogvcemda Semdgomi qmedebebisTvis<br />
urTierTmisaRebi mimarTulebis dasaxvis saSualebas.<br />
forumi m<strong>ra</strong>vali da m<strong>ra</strong>vali adamianis gamocdilebis sinTezs akeTebs da saboloo jamSi iZleva<br />
erTian koncefcias, erTian azrobriv CarCoebs.<br />
forumi a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod mimtevebelia sxvadasxva mosazrebebis mimarT, a<strong>ra</strong>med is iyenebs maT<br />
problemaze unikaluri, integrirebuli Sexedulebis Camosayalibeblad.<br />
rogor rogor SeiZleba SeiZleba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT gamoviyenoT saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvis ganxilvis produqti?<br />
produqti?<br />
saxalxo forumis produqti SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ori principuli mimarTulebiT:<br />
1. is SesaZlebels xdis sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebrivi qmedebebis<br />
qmedebebis<br />
qmedebebis qmedebebis<br />
qmedebebis ganxorcielebas (anu sxvadasxva<br />
samoqalaqo aqciebis Catarebas);<br />
11
2. misi saSualebiT SeiZleba mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis informireba<br />
informireba<br />
informireba informireba<br />
informireba politikuri kursis Camoyalibebis<br />
procesSi da moqalaqeebsa da saxelmwifo moxeleebs Soris arsebuli rTuli urTierTobebis<br />
daregulireba.<br />
saxalxo forumi axdens sazogadoebis aqtiobis stimulirebas. Tumca forumi ar mTavrdeba<br />
sayovelTao SeTanxmebis miRweviT, is miuTiTebs adamianebs konkretul mimarTulebaze da<br />
exmareba maT gansazRvron saerTo misw<strong>ra</strong>febebi. saerTo misw<strong>ra</strong>febebis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli<br />
xdeba sxvadasxva aqciebis ganxorcieleba, romlebic gansxvavebulia, mag<strong>ra</strong>m mainc erT mizans<br />
emsaxureba, kargad eTavseba da aZlierebs erTmaneTs.<br />
saxalxo forumis dros grovdeba da “iqmneba” garkveuli informacia (sazogadoebrivi codna),<br />
romelic sWirdeba saxelmwifo moxeleebs da romelsac isini ve<strong>ra</strong>nairi sxva wyarodan ver<br />
miiReben. garkveul situaciebSi moxeleebi iTxoven kidec informacias, mag<strong>ra</strong>m moqalaqeebs<br />
maTi ar sje<strong>ra</strong>T da ar endobian. es undobloba gamomdinareobs sakuTari rolebis sxvadasxvagvari<br />
aRqmidan. moxeleTa um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobas sje<strong>ra</strong>, rom maT miandes gadawyvetilebebis miRebisa da<br />
ganxorcielebis sapatio pasuxismgebloba. isini aRiqvamen sakuTar Tavs, rogorc saxalxo<br />
interesebis damcvelebs. moxeleTa gagebiT “pasuxismgebloba” niSnavs marTo <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> ise,<br />
rom is eTanxmebodes maT (moxeleTa) mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m moqalaqeebi cota<br />
sxvagva<strong>ra</strong>d fiqroben - maT ar moswonT, rodesac maT marTaven, Tavs axveven mza<br />
gadawyvetilebebs da epyrobian, rogorc momxmareblebs.<br />
moxeleebsac xSi<strong>ra</strong>d sakmarisi mizezebi gaaCniaT imisaTvis, rom ukmayofiloni iyvnen<br />
moqalaqeebiT. maT zogjer namdvilad surT xalxTan TanamSromloba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m seriozul<br />
barierebs awydebian (magaliTad, kolegebi maT akritikeben imis gamo, rom isini zedmetad<br />
gulaxdilad da Riad urTierTobdnen xalxTan). moxeleebsac m<strong>ra</strong>vali problema aqvT, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
moqalaqeebi am problemebs ver xedaven, da amdenad arc a<strong>ra</strong>fers akeTeben maT dasaxmareblad.<br />
saxalxo forumi iZleva saSualebas orive mxarem gamoTqvas sakuTari Sexedulebebi da gacvalos<br />
informacia, romelic m<strong>ra</strong>val <strong>ra</strong>meze auxels maT Tvals.<br />
saxalxo saxalxo ganxilvebis ganxilvebis organizebis organizebis zogierTi zogierTi detali<br />
detali<br />
mokled SevCerdeT saxalxo ganxilvebis (Cven SemTxvevaSi forumebis) organizebis zogierT<br />
mniSvnelovan momentze.<br />
pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia m<strong>ra</strong>valferovneba,<br />
m<strong>ra</strong>valferovneba, m<strong>ra</strong>valferovneba, romelic bev<strong>ra</strong>d aiolebs forumis mimdinareobis<br />
process. forumis dros monawileebi upirispirdebian rTul problemas. aseTi forumebi saxalxoa<br />
a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod maTi Tematikis gamo, a<strong>ra</strong>med imitomac, rom isini aerTianeben dialogSi adamianebis<br />
m<strong>ra</strong>val sxvadasxva jgufs - ganaTlebis, sqesis, asakis, gamocdilebis, eTnikurobisa da Tanamdebobis<br />
12
miuxedavad. yvelaze efeqturia forumi, rodesac masSi erTmaneTisTvis ucnobi adamianebia<br />
CarTuli.<br />
rogorc ukve vaxseneT, arsebobs SedarebiT didi zomis Sekreba (20 - 40 adamiani), romelic<br />
erTxel tardeba, ori (an maqsimum sami) saaTis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba da aseT Sekrebebs<br />
forums forums forums forums forums vuwodebT (rogorc ukve vTqviT, Cven zustad aseTi tipis midgoma varCieT); mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
SesaZlebelia Catardes agreTve 5-12 adamianis <strong>ra</strong>mdenime (erTi an meti) regularuli Sexved<strong>ra</strong>,<br />
es Sexvedrebi TemSi (<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si) arsebul erT romelime konkretul problemas mieZRvneba.<br />
aseTi tipis Sekrebas Cveulebriv Semswavlel Semswavlel Semswavlel Semswavlel Semswavlel jgufs jgufs jgufs jgufs jgufs uwodeben. forumis da Semswavleli<br />
jgufis amocanebi da miznebi erTi da igivea, gansxvavebulia mxolod jgufis zoma da<br />
Sexvedrebis ricxvi.<br />
forums aucileblad gaaCnia wamyvani - mode<strong>ra</strong>tori, mode<strong>ra</strong>tori<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tori<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tori<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tori romelic uZRveba diskusias forumze Tu<br />
Semswavlel jgufSi da exmareba monawileebs ar gadauxvion diskusiis mTavar Temas da CaerTon<br />
analizsa da gansjaSi. ufro xSi<strong>ra</strong>d forumis Casatareblad ori adamiania saWiro - organizatori<br />
da mode<strong>ra</strong>tori, Tumca erT adamiansac SeuZlia am ori amocanis SeTavseba. organizatori<br />
organizatori<br />
organizatori<br />
organizatori<br />
organizatori<br />
iwvevs monawileebs, agvarebs teqnikur sakiTxebs, ukveTavs Tematur broSurebs. mode<strong>ra</strong>tors<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tors<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tors<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tors<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tors<br />
mihyavs diskusia, xsnis muSaobis wesebs, da emxareba jgufs imsjelos da gaaanalizos, da a<strong>ra</strong><br />
ub<strong>ra</strong>lod isaubros. zogjer mode<strong>ra</strong>tors exmareba e.s. rekorderi, rekorderi<br />
rekorderi<br />
rekorderi<br />
rekorderi anu adamiani, romelic<br />
awarmoebs forumis mimdinareobis dros gamoTqmuli mniSvnelovani mosazrebebis, daskvnebisa<br />
da SeniSvnebis Cawe<strong>ra</strong>s.<br />
aqve oriode styva davamatoT mode<strong>ra</strong>torebis mode<strong>ra</strong>torebis mode<strong>ra</strong>torebis mode<strong>ra</strong>torebis mode<strong>ra</strong>torebis treningis<br />
treningis<br />
treningis treningis<br />
treningis Sesaxeb: forumi yvelaze ufro<br />
efeqturia, rodesac is sagangebod momzadebul mode<strong>ra</strong>tors mihyavs, adamians, romelsac esmis<br />
saxalxo ganxilvis arsi da procesi da romlisTvisac met-naklebad nacnobia forumis ZiriTadi<br />
Tema. Tu forumis Casatareblad moviwvevT adamians, romelsac gaaCnia sxva tipis Sekrebebis<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>ciis gamocdileba, SesaZlebelia is rTul situaciaSi aRmoCndes da iseTi teqnikebi<br />
gamoiyenos, romlebic realu<strong>ra</strong>d forums CixSi Seiyvanen (imis magiv<strong>ra</strong>d, rom warmarTon is saboloo<br />
miznisken). amdenad saxalxo ganxilvis mode<strong>ra</strong>torebi namdvilad saWiroeben winaswar trenings.<br />
Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri borSurebi.<br />
borSurebi.<br />
borSurebi. borSurebi.<br />
borSurebi. rogorc ukve vTqviT, forumi ufro warmatebuli iqneba, Tu yvela<br />
monawile winaswar waikiTxavs Tematur broSu<strong>ra</strong>s. miuxedavad imisa, rom realobaSi broSuris<br />
wakiTxvis albaToba dabalia, <strong>ra</strong>c ufro meti adamiani waikiTxavs mas, miT ufro sainteresod da<br />
organizebulad warimarTeba forumi. Tematuri broSurebi da sxva sakiTxavi masala urigdebaT<br />
monawileebs forumis win <strong>ra</strong>mdenime dRiT adre.<br />
forumis organizebisas aucilebelia winaswar movamzadoT forumis forumis forumis forumis forumis wina wina wina wina wina da da da da da forumis forumis forumis forumis forumis<br />
Semdgomi Semdgomi Semdgomi Semdgomi Semdgomi kiTxvarebi,<br />
kiTxvarebi,<br />
kiTxvarebi, kiTxvarebi,<br />
kiTxvarebi, romlebic gvexmareba aRvweroT forumis auditoria (asaki, ganaTleba,<br />
13
eTnikuri warmomavloba, sqesi da a.S.) da davinaxoT is cvlilebebi mosazrebebsa da<br />
SexedulebebSi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, aReniSnebaT adamianebs forumSi monawileobis<br />
Sedegad. aseT kiTxvarebs, Cveulebriv, SeimuSaveben igive eqspert-analitikosebi, romlebic<br />
muSaoben Tematuri broSuris teqstze.<br />
<strong>ra</strong>c Seexeba forumebis mimdinareobis dros, dros dros dros dros forumebis um<strong>ra</strong>vlesoba 2 saaTis farglebSi<br />
Tavsdeba, Tumca mkacri CarCoebi a<strong>ra</strong>a gansazRvruli. zogierTs 3 saaTiani periodi ufro<br />
moswons, <strong>ra</strong>dgan monawileebs ufro meti dro rCebaT calkeuli sakiTxebis ufro detaluri<br />
gaazrebisaTvis. zogjer monawileebi ganmeorebiT Sekrebebzec ki Tanxmdebian.<br />
SesaZloa vinme dainteresdes aseTi RonisZiebis organizebis xarjebiT. xarjebiT<br />
xarjebiT<br />
xarjebiT<br />
xarjebiT tipiuri xarjebia:<br />
Tematuri broSurebis momzadeba - gamocema da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi video masalis Sesyidva;<br />
amas SesaZloa daematos gancxadebebis dagzavna da pres-relizebis dabeWdva. Zalian kargia,<br />
Tu forumis mimdinareobis dros (an misi dasrulebis Semdeg) monawileebs msubuq lanCs an<br />
Tundac ub<strong>ra</strong>lod gamagrilebel sasmelebs SesTavazeben.<br />
Cveni Cveni st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
mas Semdeg, <strong>ra</strong>c met-naklebad gavecaniT saxalxo ganxilvebis zogad meTodologias, gvinda<br />
Tqveni yu<strong>ra</strong>dReba Cvens konkretul st<strong>ra</strong>tegiaze SevaCeroT. Cveni proeqtis mizani iyo<br />
Cagvetarebina saxalxo ganxilvebi (forumebi) saqarTvelos 8 qalaqSi, imisaTvis, rom dagvedgina,<br />
Tu <strong>ra</strong>s fiqrobs <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> korufciis korufciis korufciis korufciis korufciis problemis<br />
problemis<br />
problemis problemis<br />
problemis Sesaxeb da rogor xedavs is am problemis<br />
mogvarebis gzebs.<br />
Cveni Cveni Cveni Cveni Cveni st<strong>ra</strong>tegia st<strong>ra</strong>tegia st<strong>ra</strong>tegia st<strong>ra</strong>tegia st<strong>ra</strong>tegia SemdegSi SemdegSi SemdegSi SemdegSi SemdegSi mdgomareobda:<br />
mdgomareobda:<br />
mdgomareobda:<br />
mdgomareobda:<br />
mdgomareobda:<br />
saqarTvelos 8 qalaqSi (Tbilisi, axalcixe, gori, quTaisi, ozurgeTi, baTumi, foTi,<br />
zugdidi) SevarCieT Sesabamisi a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciebi, organizaciebi<br />
organizaciebi<br />
organizaciebi<br />
organizaciebi romlebmac sakuTar Tavze<br />
aiRes saxalxo forumebis organizebisa da Catarebis teqnikuri mxare. organizaciebis<br />
SerCevis erT-erTi umTavresi kriteriumi iyo maTi mimdinare (an momavali) CarTuloba<br />
antikorufciul prog<strong>ra</strong>mebsa da proeqtebSi, aseve maTi survili da mzaoba bolomde<br />
SeesrulebinaT proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi;<br />
SerCeulma a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciebma warmoadgines TavianTi kandidaturebi<br />
kandidaturebi<br />
kandidaturebi<br />
kandidaturebi<br />
kandidaturebi<br />
14<br />
proeqtSi monawileobis misaRebad; es kandidaturebi gaxdnen Cveni proeqtis uSualo<br />
beneficiarebi da proeqtis farglebSi gaTvliswinebuli Sesabamisi treningebis meSveobiT<br />
momzaddnen saxalxo forumebis wamyvanebad, anu mode<strong>ra</strong>torebad;
mosamzadebeli treningebis seriis pa<strong>ra</strong>lelu<strong>ra</strong>d mimdinareobda korufciis problemasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri Tematuri broSuris<br />
broSuris<br />
broSuris broSuris<br />
broSuris SemuSaveba da gamocema; misi pirveladi testireba da<br />
komentireba moaxdines uSualod proeqtis monawileebma (momavalma mode<strong>ra</strong>torebma); amas<br />
specialuri samuSao Sexved<strong>ra</strong> daeTmo. monawileebis SeniSvnebis safuZvelze SemuSavda<br />
broSuris saboloo versia, romelic Semdgom gamoica da gadaeca isev da isev mode<strong>ra</strong>torebs,<br />
da maT organizaciebs, romlebsac unda moexdinaT forumebis organizeba. forumis<br />
organizatorebma dauriges es broSurebi forumSi monawileobis misaRebad mowveul yvela<br />
adamians. forumis wina da forumis Semdgomi kiTxvarebi<br />
kiTxvarebi<br />
kiTxvarebi kiTxvarebi<br />
kiTxvarebi integrirebuli iyo Tematur<br />
broSu<strong>ra</strong>Si.<br />
Semdegi etapi iyo ukve TviT saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo saxalxo forumebis<br />
forumebis<br />
forumebis forumebis<br />
forumebis organizeba. rogorc ukve vTqviT,<br />
forumebis wamyvanebad muSaobdnen Cvens mier gawvrTnili mode<strong>ra</strong>torebi, maT daxmarebas<br />
uwevdnen maTive organizaciis wevrebi. kavkasiuri institutis da partniorebi - saqarTvelos<br />
warmomadgenlebi (daviT losaberiZe, koba kikabiZe da milena miTagvaria) eswrebodnen yvela<br />
forums Sesabamisi Canawerebis warmoebis mizniT. forumis monawileTa TanxmobiT, forumis<br />
msvleloba iwereboda a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod Sesabamisi Canawerebis warmoebis, a<strong>ra</strong>med agreTve xmis<br />
Camweris (diqtafonis) meSveobiT, <strong>ra</strong>Ta SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo misi detaluri<br />
analizi. mode<strong>ra</strong>torTan erTad muSaobda rekorderi, romelic, damatebiTi TvalsaCinoebis<br />
mizniT, monawileTa mosazrebebs didi zomis furclebze afiqsirebda.<br />
forumis monawileTa<br />
monawileTa<br />
monawileTa monawileTa<br />
monawileTa SerCevisas gamoyenebul iqna erTaderTi kriteriumi - auditoria<br />
unda yofiliyo <strong>ra</strong>c SeiZleba m<strong>ra</strong>valferovani; Cven ar dagviwesebia a<strong>ra</strong>nairi SezRudva<br />
asakis, sqesis, religiis, ganaTlebis, socialuri mdgomaroebis da a.S. mxriv.<br />
saerTo jamSi, am proeqtis farglebSi saqarTvelos 8 qalaqSi Catarda 15 saxalxo forumi<br />
(rogorc wesi, TiToeul qalaqSi moewyo 2-2 Sexved<strong>ra</strong>), romelSic monawileoba miiRo 361<br />
adamianma. aqedan forumis wina da forumis Semdgomi anketebi Seavso 275 adamianma (anu, saboloo<br />
jamSi, damuSavda 550 anketa).<br />
TiToeuli forumi mimdinareobda daaxloebiT 2 - 2.5 saaTis ganavlobaSi. mode<strong>ra</strong>torebs mihyavdaT<br />
forumi mkac<strong>ra</strong>d dadgenili formatis mixedviT. gTavazobT am formatis mokle aRwe<strong>ra</strong>s:<br />
1. 1. forumis forumis forumis gaxsna gaxsna (5 wuTi): : : misalmeba, proeqtis (misi organizatorebis, donoris) da<br />
forumis wamyvani organizaciis wardgena da forumis gaxsna.<br />
2. 2. muSaobis muSaobis wesebis wesebis ganmarteba, ganmarteba, forumis (anu saxalxo ganxilvis), rogorc procesis<br />
ganmarteba da misi arsebiTi maxasiaTeblebis xazgasma (10 wuTi) Semdegi principebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />
15
16<br />
mode<strong>ra</strong>tori aris absolutu<strong>ra</strong>d neit<strong>ra</strong>luri ganxilvis procesSi<br />
yvelas esmis, rom es ar aris debatebi<br />
yvelas eZleva saubris saSualeba<br />
erTi an ori pirovneba ar dominirebs<br />
TiToeuli midgoma ganixileba samarTlianad da srulad<br />
msjelobisa da analizis xelSemwyobi atmosfero SenarCunebulia<br />
monawileebi usmenen erTmaneTs.<br />
3. 3. forumis forumis wina wina kiTxvarebis kiTxvarebis Sevseba Sevseba (5 wuTi) - mode<strong>ra</strong>tori exmareba monawileebs am<br />
procesSi da iZleva damatebiT ganmartebebs saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
4. 4. Temis Temis prezentacia prezentacia (5-7 wuTi). mode<strong>ra</strong>tori mokled wa<strong>ra</strong>dgens korufciis Temas<br />
(problemis aqtualobas, da misi mogvarebis gzebis mokle aRwe<strong>ra</strong>s); es saWiroa imisaTvis,<br />
rom yvela monawile, maT Soris isinic, visac sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo ar waukiTxavs<br />
broSu<strong>ra</strong>, iyos met-naklebad Tanabar poziciaSi ganxilvis dawyebis win.<br />
5. 5. monawileTa monawileTa personaluri personaluri gamocdilebis gamocdilebis gamocdilebis gaziareba gaziareba<br />
gaziareba (15 wuTi). am dros xdeba forumis<br />
Temis dakavSireba adamianebTan. mode<strong>ra</strong>tori sTxovs maT isaubron maT pi<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
gamocdilebaze korufciasTan dakavSirebiT; amiT Tema aRar iqneba abst<strong>ra</strong>girebuli,<br />
ganyenebuli da ufro “adamianuri”, anu forumis monawileebisTvis ufro axlo gaxdeba.<br />
6. 6. alternatiuli alternatiuli midgomebis midgomebis ganxilva ganxilva (TiToeul midgomaze 20 wuTi). midgomebis<br />
gaazreba da analizi gulisxmobs TiToeulis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis amomwu<strong>ra</strong>v<br />
ganxilvas. diskusia struqturirebulad warimarTeba: auditoria jer saubrobs midgomis<br />
dadebiT mxareebze, Semdeg gadadis uaryofiTi mxareebis ganxilvaze. mode<strong>ra</strong>torma<br />
Sesabamisi kiTxvebis dasmiT unda uzrunvelyos TiToeuli midgomis samarTliani da sruli<br />
garCeva.<br />
7. 7. 7. forumis forumis forumis dasruleba<br />
dasruleba dasruleba (10 wuTi). mode<strong>ra</strong>tori uTmobs dros individualur refleqsias<br />
Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmis meSveobiT:<br />
Seicvala Tu a<strong>ra</strong> Tqveni ganwyoba sakiTxis mimarT?<br />
Seicvala Tu a<strong>ra</strong> Tqveni azri sxva adamianebis Sexedulebebze?<br />
rogor Seicvala Tqveni xedva imis Sedegad, <strong>ra</strong>c am forumze moismineT?<br />
8. 8. 8. forumis forumis forumis Semdgomi Semdgomi kiTxvaris kiTxvaris Sevseba Sevseba Sevseba (5 wuTi). mode<strong>ra</strong>tori sTxovs monawileebs<br />
Seavson kiTxvarebi, romlebic gadaecema proeqtis organizatorebs.
9. 9. msubuqi msubuqi lanCi lanCi monawileebisTvis monawileebisTvis (30 wuTi). lanCis dros monawileebs aqvT saSualeba<br />
gaagrZelon saubari im Temebsa da problemebze, romlebmac yvelaze metad daainteresa.<br />
amavdroulad maT SeuZliaT ukeT gaicnon erTmaneTi da SeTanxmdnen samomavlo<br />
urTierTobebze.<br />
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli pirveli saxalxo ganxilvebis Temad aRebul iqna korufcia,<br />
vinaidan es sakiTxi sakmaod aqtualuria Cvens qveyanaSi: masze bolo 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi bevrs<br />
saubroben, mag<strong>ra</strong>m realuri nabijebi an ar idgmeboda, an cota vinme Tu iyo garkveuli<br />
korufciasTan brZolis farglebSi mimdinare procesebSi.<br />
17
korufciis anatomia<br />
korufciis korufciis definicia<br />
definicia<br />
1979 wlis 17 dekembers, gaeros gene<strong>ra</strong>luri asambleis 34-e sesiaze, korufciis cneba ganmartes,<br />
rogorc Tanamdebobrivi uflebamosilebebis dacviT an darRveviT, garkveuli sazRauris<br />
sanacvlod, sazRauris gamRebis interesidan gamomdinare, Tanamdebobis piris mier Cadenili<br />
qmedeba an umoqmedoba.<br />
kanonis enaze korufcia aris sajaro moxeleebis mier kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli materialuri<br />
an a<strong>ra</strong>materialuri sikeTis miReba, aseve am pirebis mosyidva fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis<br />
mier, zemoaRniSnuli sikeTis miniWebis gziT.<br />
j.belentainis iuridiul enciklopediur leqsikonSi “korumpirebuloba” aris: “kanonis aRsrulebis<br />
formebis sawinaaRmdegod, angarebis miRebis mizniT, saxelmwifo organoebis gadagvareba.”<br />
h.blekis iuridiuli leqsikoni korufcias gansazRv<strong>ra</strong>vs rogorc: “Tanamdebobis piris<br />
oficialur valdebulebebTan da sxva piris moqmedebebTan SeuTavsebel qmedebas, romelic<br />
sruldeba garkveuli upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobis miRebis mizniT.”<br />
r.perkinsis klasikuri saxelmZRvanelo sisxlis samarTalSi Seicavs Semdeg formulirebas:<br />
“korufcia sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi gulisxmobs uzneo da maRali xarisxis Seusabamo<br />
moqmedebas. Tanamdebobis borotad gamoyeneba, Tanamdebobrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis dros<br />
da`an Tanamdebobrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, aris Tanamdebobis piris korumpirebuli qceva.”<br />
vebsteris axal leqsikonSi mocemulia korufciis Semdegi gansazRvreba: “pirovnebis (moxelis)<br />
stimulireba mimarTuli movaleobis darRvevisaken, ganxorcielebuli ugvano (binZuri)<br />
anazRaurebis saSualebiT (mag. qrTamiT)”.<br />
garda zemoaRniSnulisa, korufciis Sesaxeb lite<strong>ra</strong>tu<strong>ra</strong> moicavs <strong>ra</strong>mdenime farTod<br />
gavrcelebul gansazRvrebas:<br />
“qceva, romelic gadaxrilia sazogadoebrivi rolis oficialu<strong>ra</strong>d dakisrebuli<br />
movaleobebis Sesrulebisagan, kerZo (pi<strong>ra</strong>di, ojaxis, klanis) an sakuTari mdgomareobiT<br />
sargeblobis gamo; an romelic arRvevs garkveuli tipis kerZo qcevis wesebs”.<br />
18
korufciad aseve iwodeba saxelmwifo municipaluri da sxva sajaro moxeleebis mier, an<br />
komerciuli da sxva organizaciis (maT Soris saerTaSoriso) mosamsaxureebis mier Tavisi<br />
statusis gamoyeneba, <strong>ra</strong>imenairi upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobis (qonebis, masze uflebis, momsaxurebis da<br />
SeRavaTebis, maT Soris a<strong>ra</strong>qonebrivi xasiaTis) misaRebad, an maTTvis aseTi upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobis<br />
miniWeba.<br />
Tu ganvazogadebT mocemul ganmartebebs, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom korufcia socialuri<br />
movlenaa, romelic moicavs samarTlebrivi da eTikuri darRvevebis erTobliobas da<br />
gamoixateba mosamsaxureebis mier sakuTari statusis sakuTrebiTi da a<strong>ra</strong>sakuTrebiTi sikeTis<br />
da upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobis miRebis mizniT gamoyenebaSi da aseTi sikeTis da upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobis miniWebaSi. 2<br />
istoriuli istoriuli eqskursi<br />
eqskursi<br />
termini “korufcia” momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan “corruptus” (gaukuRmarTebuli,<br />
garyvnili). romaul <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si es cneba aRniSnavda rogorc politikur, aseve seqsualur<br />
qmedebas, mo<strong>ra</strong>luri tonaloba gaaCnda da aRniSnavda imas, <strong>ra</strong>sac janmrTelobis dangreva<br />
SeuZlia (muclis gvremas, wylis gafuWebas daxurul WurWelSi), saqmis gafuWebas, mo<strong>ra</strong>lis<br />
dacemas, qonebis gaflangvas, SesaZleblobis xelidan gaSvebas, wyaros daSrobas, Tavisuflebis<br />
daTrgunvas, a<strong>ra</strong>sulwlovani gogonebis da vaJebis seqsualur garyvnas, azris damaxinjebas,<br />
kenWisyris Sedegebis gayalbebas, Rirsebis Seu<strong>ra</strong>cxyofas.” romis samarTalSi “corrumperes”<br />
niSnavda vinmes an yvelas mosyidvas (a<strong>ra</strong>aucilebelad Tanamdebobis piris), sasamarTloSi<br />
Cvenebebis falsificirebas, vinmes gaupatiurebas da <strong>ra</strong>imes dazianebas.<br />
saxelmwifo samsaxurSi korufciis pirveli moxsenieba, romelmac asaxva hpova adamianebis<br />
mexsierebaSi, ganekuTvneba Sumeruli qalaq-saxelmwifos, lagaSis mefis, uruqaginas<br />
mmarTvelobis periods (Zv.wT. XXIV s). am dros lagaSSi xorcieldeboda saxelmwifo marTvis<br />
reforma, romelic miznad isaxavda moxeleTa da mosamarTleTa borotqmedebebis aRkveTas da<br />
qurumTa kastisaTvis religiuri ritualebis Catarebis procesSi mefis administ<strong>ra</strong>ciis mier<br />
usamarTlo da ukanono gamoZalvebisa da anazRaurebis Semcirebas.<br />
magadhis imperiis (indoeTi) mbrZaneblis Cand<strong>ra</strong>-guptas (Zv.wT. IV-III ss) premier-ministrma<br />
b<strong>ra</strong>hmanma CamoTvala saxelmwifo fulis gaflangvis “sul cota, 40 xerxi”. Zvel CineTSi (cinis<br />
imperia) moxeleebs eZleodaT danamati saxelwodebiT “iung-lien”, <strong>ra</strong>c “mousyidvelobis<br />
sarCo”-s niSnavs. aSka<strong>ra</strong>a, rom aseTi sarCo xSi<strong>ra</strong>d ver aRwevda mizans.<br />
2 r.e.klitgaardi, korufciis kontroli, 2003<br />
19
platoni Tavis “kanonebSi” saubrobda meqrTameobis Sesaxeb da ambobda, rom sazogadoebis<br />
msaxurebma Tavisi samsaxuri yovelgvari saCuqrebis aRebis gareSe unda gaswion.<br />
XIV saukuneSi abdul <strong>ra</strong>xman ibn xalduni werda, rom “korufciis Zireuli mizezi mmarTvel<br />
jgufSi fufunebiT cxovrebis udidesi survili iyo. mmarTveli jgufi korufcias mimarTavda<br />
fufunebis xarjebis dasafa<strong>ra</strong>vad”.<br />
korufciis arsis kvlevis gzaze mniSvnelovani impulsi iyo n.makiavelis Sromebi. korufcias is<br />
adarebda avadmyofobas, Wleqs: “Tavidan Znelia misi aRmoCena, mag<strong>ra</strong>m advilad mosarCenia, xolo<br />
Tu procesi Sors wasulia, maSin advilia misi amocnoba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Znelia gankurneba. aseve aris<br />
korufcia saxelmwifo saqmeebSi. Tu Tavidanve aRmovaCenT Casaxul daavadebas, <strong>ra</strong>c gonieri<br />
xelisuflebas xelewifeba, maSin misi moSoreba arc ise Znelia, Tu igi ise aris miSvebuli, rom<br />
yvela xedavs mas, maSin ve<strong>ra</strong>viTari mkurnaloba mas ver uSvelis”.<br />
makiaveli aRniSnavda, rom xalxi, romelmac miiRo Tavisufleba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m garyvnilia, Znelia,<br />
rom <strong>Tavisufali</strong> darCes: “romis impe<strong>ra</strong>torebi iseTi donis garyvnilebas aRwevdnen, rom maTi<br />
msgavsi ori sami memkvidris SemTxvevaSi romis imperiis dacema garduvali iqneboda. romisTvis<br />
didi bedniereba iyo is, rom misi impe<strong>ra</strong>torebi Cqa<strong>ra</strong> iryvnebodnen da sw<strong>ra</strong>fad xdeboda<br />
gadatrialebebi da maTi gaZeveba”. makiaveli va<strong>ra</strong>udobda, rom monarqiebSi, romlebic<br />
mosamsaxureebis mier imarTebian, korufcia naklebad saSiSia, <strong>ra</strong>dgan yvela mosamsaxure<br />
damokidebulia mefis mowyalebaze da maTi mosyidva ufro Znelia.<br />
SemdgomSi korufciis gagebis aqcentebi gadatanil iqna mis kriminologiur da sisxlis<br />
samarTlebriv mxareebze. T.hobsi Tavis “leviaTanSi” werda: “adamianebi, romlebic Tavisi<br />
simdidriT iwoneben Tavs, Tamamad Cadian danaSauls im imediT, rom isini SesZleben isargeblon<br />
saxelmwifo iusticiis korumpirebulobiT da fuliT da anazRaurebis sxva formiT moaxerxeben<br />
sasjelisgan Tavis daxsnas da patiebis miRebas... visac m<strong>ra</strong>vali Zlevamosili naTesavi an<br />
popularuli adamiani hyavs, bedaven kanonis darRvevas im imediT, rom isini moaxerxeben kanonze<br />
da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaze zewolas”. hobsis mixedviT korufcia “aris fesvi, saidanac<br />
yovelTvis, yvelanairi xiblisas amodis kanonisadmi zizRi”. 3<br />
korufciis korufciis arsi<br />
arsi<br />
rogorc wesi, saxelmwifo Tavad aCens korufcias Tavis struqturebSi da Tavadve ebrZvis mas.<br />
im qveynebSic ki, sadac korufciam arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia, saxelmwifo sistemaSi arsebobs<br />
3 Îñíîâû ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèÿ êîððóïöèè, ÑÏÀÐÊ, 2000<br />
20
korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonebi, romlebsac ub<strong>ra</strong>lod ar icaven, xolo<br />
xelisuflebisagan sazogadoebis winaSe angariSgebis principi ignorirebulia. korufciisTvis<br />
winaaRmdegobis gasawevad ar aris sakmarisi Sesabamisi kanonebis miReba da amoqmedeba. sakiTxis<br />
arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom aiZulo sistema imuSaos da Secvalos adamianebis qcevis modeli.<br />
korufciis, korufciis, rogorc rogorc movlenis, movlenis, sruli sruli aRmofxv<strong>ra</strong> aRmofxv<strong>ra</strong> SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia. igi igi yovelTvis<br />
yovelTvis<br />
iarsebebs iarsebebs iarsebebs iseve, iseve, rogorc rogorc danaSaulis danaSaulis sxva sxva formebi formebi (qurdoba, (qurdoba, (qurdoba, mkvleloba mkvleloba da da a.S.).<br />
a.S.).<br />
korufciasTan korufciasTan brZolis brZolis arsi arsi imaSi imaSi imaSi mdgomareobs, mdgomareobs, rom rom minimumamde minimumamde iqnas iqnas dayvanil<br />
dayvanil<br />
misi misi gamovlineba gamovlineba da da amave amave dros dros Sesabamisi Sesabamisi sadamsjelo sadamsjelo zomebi zomebi zomebi gatardes gatardes misi,<br />
misi,<br />
rogorc rogorc danaSaulis danaSaulis winaaRmdeg<br />
winaaRmdeg.<br />
winaaRmdeg<br />
korufciis analizis procesSi pirveli nabijia swori diagnozis dasma: korufciis <strong>ra</strong> formebi<br />
gvaqvs mocemul viTarebaSi? <strong>ra</strong> zomiT aris gamovlenili korufcia? vin agebs da vin igebs<br />
korufciiT? rogoria mizezebi da SesaZlo mkurnalobis saSualebebi?<br />
magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba movitanoT Semdegi cxrili:<br />
21
cxr.1. korufciis tipebi 4<br />
22<br />
4 r.e.klitgaardi, korufciis kontroli, 2003
gamoyofen korufciis sxvadasxva tipebs, amasTan, tipologizacia sxvadasxva doneze SeiZleba<br />
Catardes:<br />
1. pi<strong>ra</strong>di pi<strong>ra</strong>di “tarifebis” “tarifebis” nakrebi nakrebi iniSneba imis Sesrulebisas, <strong>ra</strong>sac moiTxovs oficialuri<br />
wesebis Sesruleba safasuris gadaxdis gareSe (magaliTad, formalu<strong>ra</strong>d ufaso vizis<br />
gadasaxadi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc “tarifi”). meores mxriv, igi SeiZleba ganvixiloT,<br />
rogorc “tarifebi” pirdapiri pirdapiri pirdapiri pirdapiri pirdapiri moqmedebisTvis, moqmedebisTvis<br />
moqmedebisTvis<br />
moqmedebisTvis<br />
moqmedebisTvis romelic arRvevs kanons (magaliTad,<br />
sagadasaxado inspeqtors “tarifis” (qrTamis) misaRebad SeuZlia warmoadginos a<strong>ra</strong>swori<br />
angariSi mis momsyidvel gadasaxadis gadamxdelze), an pi<strong>ra</strong>di “tarifebis” nakrebi, romelic<br />
iniSneba imis arSesrulebaze<br />
arSesrulebaze<br />
arSesrulebaze arSesrulebaze<br />
arSesrulebaze ris Sesrulebasac moiTxovs wesebi (magaliTad, qrTami<br />
auditoris mier mniSvnelovani informaciis dafarvis sanacvlod).<br />
2. korufcia SeiZleba iyos Sida Sida da gare gare. gare Sida korufcia warmoiqmneba erTi organizaciis<br />
wevrebs Soris, gare korufcia warmoiqmneba organizaciis wevris moqrTamvisas garedan<br />
vinmes mier. amgva<strong>ra</strong>d gare korufcia SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc movaleobis pi<strong>ra</strong>di<br />
darRveva, xolo Sida - rogorc organizebuli danaSauli.<br />
3. korufcia SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo saxelmwifo (biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli an politikuri), Tu saubaria<br />
saxelmwifo organizaciaze, an kerZo kerZo kerZo, kerZo Tu saubaria korufciaze kerZo seqtorSi.<br />
4. saxelmwifo korufciaze saubrisas, romelic dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva saxelmwifo<br />
struqtu<strong>ra</strong>sTan, SeiZleba gamovyoT ori niSan-Tviseba, romlis mixedviT gansxvavdebian<br />
korumpirebuli sazogadoebebi:<br />
qrTamis amRebis tipis mixedviT: a) kleptok<strong>ra</strong>tia, romdesac korufcia organizebulia<br />
mTavrobis pi<strong>ra</strong>midis mwvervalze, b) saxelmwifo (masobrivi) korufcia, rodesac<br />
korufcia didi <strong>ra</strong>odenobis moxeleebis moqmedebis sferod iqceva;<br />
qrTamis “bazris” tipis mixedviT: a) korufciaSi CarTulia kerZo pirebis mcire<br />
<strong>ra</strong>odenoba; b) qrTamis gadaxda decent<strong>ra</strong>lizebulia.<br />
es ori niSan-Tviseba Seesabameba korumpirebuli saxelmwifoebis oTx kategorias:<br />
kleptok<strong>ra</strong>tuls, konkurentuli bazris, ormagi monopoliis da Zalian sust saxelmwifos,<br />
romelic mafiis mier aris kontrolirebadi.<br />
5. da bolos korufcia SeiZleba gamovlindes zesaxelmwifoebriv doneze. msoflio<br />
Tanamegobroba korufcias saerTaSoriso biznesSi Tvlis gansakuTrebul problemad. aseTi<br />
problemis mocileba SesaZlebelia mokavSire qveynebs Soris saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebis<br />
dadebiT. 5<br />
5 Ñ.Ì.Å÷ìàêîâ, Òåíåâàÿ ýêîíîìèêà: Àíàëèç è ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, Ôèíàíñû è ñòàòèñòèêà, 2004<br />
23
korufciis korufciis warmoSobis warmoSobis pirobebi<br />
pirobebi<br />
korufcia warmoiqmneba, rodesac pirovneba sakuTar interesebs ukanonod maRla ayenebs<br />
sazogadoebis interesebze da im miznebsa da amocanebze, romelTa samsaxuric misi<br />
movaleobaa.<br />
korufcias da mis warmomSob problemebs Soris kavSiri ormxrivia. erTis mxriv es problemebi<br />
amZafreben korufcias, xolo maTi gadawyveta korumpirebulobis Semcirebis xelSemwyobi<br />
faqtori unda gaxdes. meores mxriv, masStaburi korufcia amwvavebs da akonservebs<br />
saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis problemebs, xels uSlis maT gadawyvetas. aqedan<br />
gamomdinareobs, rom pirvel rigSi korufciis SezRudva da Semcireba mxolod maT warmomqnel<br />
problemebTan erTad unda moxdes da meore - am problemebis gadawyvetas xels Seuwyobs<br />
korufciisadmi mTeli simtkiciT da yvela mimarTulebiT gaweuli winaaRmdegoba.<br />
qvemoT CamovTvliT korufciis warmoSobis mizezTagan <strong>ra</strong>mdenimes, romelic, Cveni azriT,<br />
dRevandel etapze amuxruWebs postkomunisturi qveynebis, da maT Soris saqarTvelos,<br />
ganviTarebis process.<br />
1. 1. totalitaruli totalitaruli totalitaruli periodis periodis memkvidreobis memkvidreobis siZneleebis siZneleebis gadalaxva. gadalaxva. upirveles<br />
yovlisa, saWiroa ekonomikis marTvis cent<strong>ra</strong>lizebuli sistemebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
saxelmwifo struqturebisa da ekonomikis Serwymis gadalaxva. ar aris formirebuli Sromis<br />
bunebrivi ganawileba saxelisuflebo institutebs Soris (<strong>ra</strong>c, Tavis mxriv, mowodebulia<br />
imisaTvis, rom pirobebi Seuqmnas ekonomikis normalur funqcionirebas), bazris Tavisufal<br />
agentebs Soris. administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli organoebis warmomadgenlebi ekonomikis moedanze<br />
TamaSoben im wesebiT, romlebsac sakuTari TavisTvis aweseben.<br />
2. 2. politikuri politikuri a<strong>ra</strong>stabiluroba a<strong>ra</strong>stabiluroba da da ekonomikuri ekonomikuri dacema, dacema, anu mosaxleobis gaRaribeba,<br />
saxelmwifo moxeleebisaTvis Rirseuli arsebobis SenarCunebis uunaroba, <strong>ra</strong>c gamagrebulia<br />
sabWoTa t<strong>ra</strong>diciebiT damkvidrebuli “CawyobiT”. arsebobs grZelvadiani dabandebis<br />
mudmivi politikuri riski, inflacia, ekonomikaSi saxelmwifos mouqneli da uadgilo<br />
Tanaarseboba, <strong>ra</strong>c ekonomikuri qcevis iseT tips ayalibebs, romelic moklevadian<br />
perspeqtivaze da did, mag<strong>ra</strong>m riskian sargebelzea gaTvlili. politikuri a<strong>ra</strong>stabiluroba<br />
moxeleebSi ayalibebs momavlis mimarT gaurkvevlobis grZnobas, <strong>ra</strong>c gacilebiT iolad<br />
aqcevs maT korufciis xiblis qveS. ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi saxelmwifo cdilobs<br />
gaaZlieros sagadasaxado zewola, <strong>ra</strong>c afarToebs Crdilovani ekonomikis zonas da, aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, korufciis ares. biznesmeni, romelic Tavs aridebs gadasaxadis gadaxdas<br />
sagadasaxado inspeqtoris mxridan dasjisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT, qrTamis gamoZalvis<br />
saukeTeso samizne xdeba.<br />
24
3. 3. kanonmdeblobis kanonmdeblobis kanonmdeblobis a<strong>ra</strong>srulyofileba a<strong>ra</strong>srulyofileba da da da ganuviTarebloba.<br />
ganuviTarebloba. ganuviTarebloba. ekonomikis safuZvlebis<br />
fundamenturi gardaqmnis procesi win uswrebs sakanonmdeblo uzrunvelyofas, vlindeba<br />
kanonmdeblobis ganuviTarebloba, cudi xarisxi da bundovanoba. amas mosdevs:<br />
kanonmdeblobis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTi, <strong>ra</strong>c moxeles uqmnis idealuri pirobebs<br />
moqalaqeTa SantaJisaTvis; kanonTa dausrulebloba da o<strong>ra</strong>zrovnoba, ris gamoc<br />
sakanonmdeblo regulirebis dasruleba xdeba aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mier<br />
gaumWirvale procedurebiT miRebuli bundovani kanonqvemdebare aqtebiT.<br />
kanonSemoqmedebis procedurebis momzadebis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
warmoqmnis ukanonod miRebuli Semosavlebis nakads (korufciuli SeTanxmebebidan,<br />
tenderebidan da Sesyidvebidan da a.S.).<br />
4. 4. saxelmwifo saxelmwifo institutebis institutebis a<strong>ra</strong>efeqturoba. a<strong>ra</strong>efeqturoba. totalitaruli reJimebi hqmnidnen<br />
gaberil saxelmwifo apa<strong>ra</strong>ts. biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli struqturebi mdg<strong>ra</strong>di arian yvelaze mZime<br />
ngrevis mimarTac ki: <strong>ra</strong>c ufro <strong>ra</strong>dikaluria gardaqmnebi, miT ufro meti energia ixarjeba<br />
biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli apa<strong>ra</strong>tis mier sakuTari Tavis gadasarCenad. dRevandel postrevoluciur<br />
periodSi naTlad Cans, Tu rogor reagirebs marTvis sistema garTulebul da gam<strong>ra</strong>vlebul<br />
problemebze: am<strong>ra</strong>vlebs Tavis sistemur simaxinjeebs, Semoaqvs damatebiTi ie<strong>ra</strong>rqiuli<br />
marTvis doneebi, qmnis uam<strong>ra</strong>v upasuxismgeblo sakoordinacio struqtu<strong>ra</strong>s. Sedegi<br />
martivia: <strong>ra</strong>c ufro rTulia da umarTavia marTvis sistema, miT ufro advilia masSi<br />
korufciis dabudeba. postrevoluciur periodSi gansakuTrebiT Znelia saxelmwifos mier<br />
sabazro ekonomikis TamaSis wesebis da kerZo sakuTrebis uflebis ganuxreli dacva, xolo<br />
Tu mewarmem aseTi dacva ver igrZno saxelmwifos mxridan, maSin is igives eZebs konkretuli<br />
moxeleebisagan. amave dros nomenklaturuli sistemis rRvevis Semdeg ar Seqmnila<br />
moxeleebis SerCevis da dawinaurebis Tanamedrove sistema, axali talRis biurok<strong>ra</strong>tebSi<br />
bevria SemTxveviTi pirovneba, romlebic saxelmwifo samsaxurSi midian, <strong>ra</strong>Ta Tavisi<br />
samsaxurebrivi mdgomareoba gamoiyenon arcTu keTilSobiluri mizniT.<br />
5. 5. samoqalaqo samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sazogadoebis sisuste. sisuste. sazogadoebis sazogadoebis gaTiSuloba gaTiSuloba xelisuflebisagan.<br />
xelisuflebisagan.<br />
demok<strong>ra</strong>tiul saxelmwifos Tavisi problemebis gadawyveta SeuZlia mxolod sazogadoebriv<br />
institutebTan erTad. moqalaqeTa social-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis dacema da amiT<br />
gamowveuli gulacrueba xels uwyobs sazogadoebis gaucxoebas xelisuflebisagan da mis<br />
izolirebas saxelmwifosagan. amave dros aRiarebuli faqtia, rom arc dabali donis da arc<br />
maRali eSelonebis korumpirebulobis daTrgunva ar SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi<br />
organizaciebis gareSe.<br />
6. 6. demok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli demok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli politikuri politikuri politikuri t<strong>ra</strong>diciebis t<strong>ra</strong>diciebis ganuviTarebloba. ganuviTarebloba. korufciis politikaSi<br />
SeRwevas xels uwyobs: politikuri kulturis ganuviTarebloba, <strong>ra</strong>c gamoixateba arCevnebSi<br />
amomrCevlebis mier xmis micemaSi garkveuli anazRaurebis sanacvlod, an asarCevi<br />
25
26<br />
kandidatis demagogiuri gamosvlebis ayolis Sedegad. amis gamo xelisuflebis<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis korumpirebulobas jer kidev arCevnebis periodSi eyreba<br />
safuZveli. realuri politikuri konkurenciis a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba politikur sferoSi ver qmnis<br />
korufciis sapirwones da ver zRudavs politikur eqstremizms. Sedegad qveiTdeba<br />
politikuri stabilurobis Sansebi. politikur cxovrebaSi opoziciis mier situaciaze<br />
zegavlenis SeuZlebloba opozicioner politikosebs ubiZgebs gacvalon politikuri<br />
kapitali ekonomikurze, amave dros xorcieldeba TandaTanobiTi gadasvla<br />
naxev<strong>ra</strong>dlegitimuri lobizmidan Ria korufciaze.<br />
zogadad fundamenturi<br />
fundamenturi fundamenturi (ekonomikuri da politikuri institutebis a<strong>ra</strong>srulyofileba),<br />
organizaciuli organizaciuli (kanonebis Zalian xSiri cvla, kontrolis sistemis sisuste, anazRaurebis<br />
dabali done) da societaluri societaluri (biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli qcevis normebi, sazogadoebis tole<strong>ra</strong>ntuli<br />
damokidebuleba korufciisadmi) faqtorebi qmnian situacias, roca xdeba sabazro wesis<br />
(“sargeblis Zebna”) Semotana saxelmwifo regulirebis procesSi. 6<br />
biznesis Teoriis erT-erT umTavres aqsiomas warmoadgens is, rom nebismier monopolists<br />
SeuZlia ufro maRali fasis moTxovna, vidre is fasia, romelic konkurentuli bazris arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi Camoyalibdeboda. amgva<strong>ra</strong>d moRebul zedmet Semosavlebs ewodeba<br />
“monopolisturi renta” (monopolist rent). roca ekonomikuri an saxelmwifo struqtu<strong>ra</strong><br />
monopoliebis arsebobis saSualebas iZleva, adamianebs uCndebaT survili es monopoliebi xelSi<br />
Caigdon. gamarjvebuli iRebs monopolias, damarcxebuli - a<strong>ra</strong>fers. is resursi, romelic<br />
damarcxebulebma daxarja am procesSi, Cveulebriv a<strong>ra</strong>viTar saqonels an momsaxurebas ar qmnis.<br />
es danaxarjebi, ekonomist jagdiS bhagvatis gansazRvriT, aris “pirdapir a<strong>ra</strong>produqtiuli”<br />
(directly unproductive). Sedegad rentis maZieblis qceva, umetes SemTxvevaSi, socialu<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>produqtiulia. saxelmwifo seqtoris m<strong>ra</strong>vali saqmianobis bunebidan gamomdinare,<br />
saxelmwifos aqvs monopoliuri Zalaufleba garkveuli saqonlis da momsaxurebis miwodebisas<br />
(policiis mier dacva, eqsportis nebarTva, saxelmwifo universtetSi miReba, sagadasaxado<br />
Sefasebebi da ase Semdeg). amrigad moxeleebs, romlebsac moqmedebis Tavisufleba gaaCniaT,<br />
uCndebaT cduneba, aseTi momsaxurebisas moiTxovon monopolisturi renta. Sedegad<br />
moqalaqeebi “zedmetad maRal” fass ixdian am saqonelSi. 7<br />
rentul-orientuli qceva (rent-seeking) qmnis Semdgom socialur danakargs. saxelmwifo<br />
moxeleebi SesaZloa erTmaneTs Seecilon monopolisturi gadaxdis poziciebis dauflebaSi<br />
da Tavisi dro da energia daxarjon a<strong>ra</strong> produqtiul qcevaze, a<strong>ra</strong>med a<strong>ra</strong>produqtiuli rentis<br />
mopovebisaTvis brZolis procesSi. aseT perspeqtivas SeuZlia Seqmnas a<strong>ra</strong>produqtiuli rentis<br />
mosapovebeli stimulebi mTel mTavrobaSi.<br />
6 Ñ.Ì.Å÷ìàêîâ, Òåíåâàÿ ýêîíîìèêà: Àíàëèç è ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, Ôèíàíñû è ñòàòèñòèêà, 2004<br />
7 J.N.Bhagwati, Directly Unproductive, Profit-Seeking (DUP) Activities,Journal of Political Economy 90, 1982
Sedegad miiReba su<strong>ra</strong>Ti, TiTqos mZime situaciidan erTaderT gamosavlad korufciis<br />
“dadebiTi” mxare gvevlineba:<br />
saxelmwifos SeuZlia formaluri kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT isedac deficituri rentis<br />
ganawileba gaweros didi odenobis kerZo pirebze da firmebze (qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami wmends wmends wmends wmends wmends bazars); bazars bazars bazars bazars<br />
sajaro seqtorSi moxeleebi sustad arian motivirebuli, dabali xelfasis da Sida<br />
kontrolis dabali donis gamo (qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami asrulebs asrulebs asrulebs asrulebs asrulebs premiis premiis premiis premiis premiis rols); rols rols rols rols<br />
kerZo pirebi da firmebi cdiloben dawion danaxarjebi, romelsac maT saxelmwifo adebs<br />
gadasaxadebis, samomxmareblo uflebebis da regulirebis saxiT (qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami umcirebs<br />
umcirebs<br />
umcirebs<br />
umcirebs<br />
umcirebs<br />
danaxarjebs danaxarjebs danaxarjebs danaxarjebs danaxarjebs maT, maT, maT, maT, maT, vinc vinc vinc vinc vinc mas mas mas mas mas ixdis); ixdis ixdis ixdis ixdis<br />
saxelmwifo xSi<strong>ra</strong>d gadascems did finansur mogebas kerZo firmebs kont<strong>ra</strong>qtebis,<br />
privatizaciis da koncesiebis miniWebis saSualebiT (qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami zemoqmedebas zemoqmedebas zemoqmedebas zemoqmedebas zemoqmedebas axdens axdens axdens axdens axdens<br />
monopolur monopolur monopolur monopolur monopolur rentaze rentaze rentaze rentaze rentaze da da da da da mis mis mis mis mis gayofaze gayofaze gayofaze gayofaze gayofaze kerZo kerZo kerZo kerZo kerZo investorsa investorsa investorsa investorsa investorsa da da da da da sajaro sajaro sajaro sajaro sajaro moxeleebs<br />
moxeleebs<br />
moxeleebs<br />
moxeleebs<br />
moxeleebs<br />
Soris); Soris Soris Soris Soris<br />
politikur procesebSi politikosebis mosyidviT SesaZloa maTze zegavlena.<br />
politikosebis mier mosyidva - es xmebis yidvaa (qrTams qrTams qrTams qrTams qrTams SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia Caanacvlos<br />
Caanacvlos<br />
Caanacvlos<br />
Caanacvlos<br />
Caanacvlos<br />
politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri zegavlenis zegavlenis zegavlenis zegavlenis zegavlenis formebi);<br />
formebi formebi formebi formebi<br />
sasamarTlos aqvs Zalaufleba daados danaxarjebi da gadaanawilos resursebi mxareebs<br />
Soris (qrTams qrTams qrTams qrTams qrTams SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia SeuZlia gadafaros gadafaros gadafaros gadafaros gadafaros mZime mZime mZime mZime mZime normebi).<br />
normebi normebi normebi normebi<br />
es procesi warmoadgens absolutur universalias da damaxasiaTebelia Tanamedrove msoflios<br />
yvela qveynisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom TiToeul qveyanas ganviTarebis Tavisi gza da<br />
winapirobebi aqvs. s.hantigtoni iyenebs <strong>ra</strong>mdenime daSvebas im pirobebis Sesaxeb, romlebic<br />
ubiZgeben samTavrobo korufcias:<br />
• sw<strong>ra</strong>fi zrdis da modernizaciis periodSi korufcias zrdis tendencia gaaCnia faseulobaTa<br />
cvlilebis, simdidris da Zalauflebis axali wyaroebis warmoCenis da mTavrobis uflebebis<br />
gafarToebis gamo;<br />
• naklebi korufciaa im qveynebSi, sadac meti socialuri st<strong>ra</strong>tifikacia, klasobrivi<br />
polarizacia da feodaluri tendenciebia. es pirobebi iZlevian normebis da sanqciebis ufro<br />
mkafio sistemas, <strong>ra</strong>c amcirebs korufciuli qcevis Cadenis SesaZleblobas da mis<br />
mimzidvelobas;<br />
• laTinuri amerikis “Savkanian” qveynebSi meti korufciaa, vidre “indielTa” da “metisebis”<br />
qveynebSi; Sav afrikasac korufciis maRali done aqvs. mizezad hantingtons mohyavs a<strong>ra</strong><br />
Tavad <strong>ra</strong>sa, a<strong>ra</strong>med am qveynebSi “klasobrivi dayofis saerTod ar arsebobis” fenomeni;<br />
• korufciis bunebaze gavlenas axdens qveyanaSi politikuri SesaZleblobebis ekonomikur<br />
27
28<br />
SesaZleblobebTan Sefardeba. Tu pirveli gadawonis meores, maSin adamianebi fulis<br />
sakeTeblad politikaSi wavlen da es gamoiwvevs korufciis ufro maRal dones;<br />
• Tu qveyanaSi ucxouri biznesi Warbobs adgilobrivs, xelSemwyobi pirobebi iqmneba<br />
korufciis gavrcelebisTvis;<br />
• <strong>ra</strong>c ufro naklebad ganviTarebulia politikuri partiebi qveyanaSi, miT ufro metia<br />
korufcia. 8<br />
motivacia motivacia - - ufrosebi, ufrosebi, agentebi agentebi agentebi da da klientebi<br />
klientebi<br />
klientebi<br />
korufciis kvlevis erT-erT efeqtur saSualebad iTvleba korufciis ekonomikuri modelireba<br />
- korufciuli qceva aixsneba imisda mixedviT, <strong>ra</strong>mdenad didi sargebeli (mogeba) moaqvs misi<br />
CamdenisTvis (“agentisTvis”) korufciul qcevas da <strong>ra</strong>mdenad aRemateba es sargebeli xarjebs<br />
(vTqvaT, aq nagulisxmeb riskebs). mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mxarec erT-erT ekonomikur faqto<strong>ra</strong>d ganixileba<br />
(magaliTad, mo<strong>ra</strong>luri kmayofileba erT-erTi sargebelia sxvasTan erTad).<br />
am midgomis sailust<strong>ra</strong>ciod gamodgeba ufrosi-agenti-klientis ufrosi-agenti-klientis ufrosi-agenti-klientis ufrosi-agenti-klientis ufrosi-agenti-klientis modeli modeli modeli modeli modeli (Boss-agent-client model).<br />
ufross samsaxurSi ahyavs agenti, romelic ufrosis saxeliT urTierTobas amyarebs klientTan.<br />
es modeli moiTxovs korufciisadmi ekonomikur midgomas. agenti korumpirebuli iqneba, rodesac<br />
aseTi qcevidan misi sava<strong>ra</strong>udo sargebeli gadawonis mis xarjebs. klientic erTveba meqrTameobaSi,<br />
an ukanono qcevis sxva formebSi, rodesac misi sargebeli gadawonis mis xarjebs.<br />
davuSvaT agents ori arCevani gaaCnia: iyos, an ar iyos korumpirebuli. Tu is iRebs anazRaurebas,<br />
romelic aris misi regularuli xelfasis Tanxa + mo<strong>ra</strong>luri kmayofileba, es niSnavs, rom igi ar<br />
aris korumpirebuli.<br />
Tu agenti korumpirebulia, is iRebs qrTams. is aseve ganicdis imas, <strong>ra</strong>sac SeiZleba vuwodoT<br />
korumpirebulad yofnis “mo<strong>ra</strong>luri xarji”. es xarji damokidebulia mis sakuTar eTikur,<br />
kulturul da religiur standartebze, aseve imaze, <strong>ra</strong>sac misi kolegebi akeTeben da imazec,<br />
Tu <strong>ra</strong>mdenad did qrTams iRebs is, imisda mixedviT, Tu <strong>ra</strong> donis pasuxismgebloba akisria<br />
ufrosisadmi. korufciul subkultu<strong>ra</strong>Si usindiso pirovnebisaTvis korumpirebulad yofnis<br />
mo<strong>ra</strong>lurma xarjma SeiZleba nuls miaRwios.<br />
korumpirebuli agenti SeiZleba amxilon da dasajon. gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros man unda<br />
Seafasos Tavisi perspeqtivebi. dasjaSi SeiZleba Sediodes anazRaurebis da samsaxuris<br />
dakargva, sisxlis samarTlebrivi dasja, saxelis Sercxvena da ase Semdeg.<br />
8 S.P.Huntington, Modernization and Development, 1979
amrigad agentis arCevania:<br />
me ar var korumpirebuli, me viReb Cems kuTvnil xelfass da mo<strong>ra</strong>lur kmayofilebas imisgan,<br />
rom ar var korumpirebuli.<br />
me korumpirebuli var, me viReb qrTams, mag<strong>ra</strong>m “vixdi” mo<strong>ra</strong>lur fass. arsebobs agreTve<br />
Sansi, rom damiWeren da damsjian, am SemTxvevaSi vkargav legaluri Tu a<strong>ra</strong>legaluri<br />
anazRaurebis wyaros.<br />
amrigad, me korumpirebuli viqnebi Tu:<br />
qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami qrTami - - - - - mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri fasi fasi fasi fasi fasi - - - - - (albaToba, (albaToba, (albaToba, (albaToba, (albaToba, rom rom rom rom rom damsjian)*(sasjeli) damsjian)*(sasjeli) damsjian)*(sasjeli) damsjian)*(sasjeli) damsjian)*(sasjeli) > > > > > Cemi Cemi Cemi Cemi Cemi anazRaureba anazRaureba anazRaureba anazRaureba anazRaureba + + + + +<br />
mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri mo<strong>ra</strong>luri kmayofileba<br />
kmayofileba<br />
kmayofileba<br />
kmayofileba<br />
kmayofileba<br />
rodesac agenti korumpirebulia, is iRebs kerZo mogebas, mag<strong>ra</strong>m ufrosisaTvis warmoqmnis<br />
“negatiur garemoebebs”, anu warmoqmnis xarjebs. amitom ufross surs, aiZulos agenti,<br />
<strong>ra</strong>Ta man optimaluri xarisxiT ganaxorcielos, rogorc produqtiuli qmedeba, ise<br />
korufciuli qmedeba. Tu ufross srulyofili informacia gaaCnia agentis produqtiuli<br />
da korufciuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb, is advilad SesZlebs agentis darwmunebas imoqmedos<br />
ise, rogorc es mas surs. ufrosi uxdis agents misi produqciis Rirebulebas produqtiuli<br />
qmedebis SemTxvevaSi, xolo korufciuli qmedebis SemTxvevaSi ufrosi agentis Semosavals<br />
gadasaxads daadebs, zustad ise, rogorc is dabeg<strong>ra</strong>vda nebismieri garemoebis warmomSob<br />
qmedebas.<br />
Cveulebriv ufrosis mdgomareoba rTuldeba, Tu mas ar gaaCnia sruli informacia agentis<br />
moqmedebis Sesaxeb, iqneba es produqtiuli Tu korufciuli qmedeba. ufross Zviri ujdeba<br />
ufro metis gageba agentis qmedebebis Sesaxeb: agentma icis <strong>ra</strong>s akeTebs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m ufross ar<br />
SeuZlia daijeros is, <strong>ra</strong>sac agenti ambobs. agents gaaCnia imis stimuli, rom SecdomaSi Seiyvanos<br />
ufrosi da afiqrebinos, rom is mxolod produqtiul qmedebebs axorcielebs da a<strong>ra</strong><br />
korufciuls. informaciis es fundamentaluri asimetria esmis ufross. winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
stimulebi da asimetriuli informacia ufrosi-agentis urTierTobis problemis SuagulSia.<br />
ufrosi iZulebulia daadginos agentis anazRaureba da sasjeli agentis qcevis Sesaxeb<br />
srulyofili codnis gareSe. ufrosma SeiZleba dainaxos garkveuli sistemebis SemoRebis<br />
aucilebloba agentis qmedebis Sesaxeb garkveuli informaciis Segrovebis mizniT, mag<strong>ra</strong>m es<br />
sistemebi TavisTavad Zviri jdeba.<br />
ufrosi-agenti-klientis martivi modeli, korufciasTan dakavSirebiT <strong>ra</strong>mdenime daskvnas<br />
gvTavazobs. ukanono qmedebebi meti iqneba, rodesac agentebs monopoliuri Zalaufleba aqvT<br />
klientebze, aqvT moqmedebis Tavisufleba da angariSvaldebuleba a<strong>ra</strong>sakmarisia. klientebs<br />
29
qrTamis gadaxdis survili maSin uCndebaT, rodesac agentebis momsaxurebidan monopoliur<br />
rentas imkian. aqedan gamomdinare korufciis ZiriTadi formula ase gamoiyureba:<br />
30<br />
korufcia = monopolia + moqmedebis Tavisufleba - angariSvaldebuleba 9<br />
korufciis korufciis daZleva daZleva daZleva da da da sazogadoebrivi sazogadoebrivi faseulobebi<br />
faseulobebi<br />
saerTaSoriso antikorufciuli organizaciis “saerTaSoriso gamWirvalebis” mier mowodebuli<br />
e.w. “kolonadis” sqema erT-erTi mniSvnelovani resursia korufciis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis, romelTa rigSi dResdReobiT saqarTveloc moiazreba. masze<br />
gamosaxulia yvela elementi, romelmac es kolonada unda aaSenos. Tu romelime elementi<br />
(sveti) Tavidanve sxvaze sustia (dabalia), an Semdeg moirya, saxu<strong>ra</strong>vi erTi mimarTulebiT<br />
daixreba da masze ganTavsebuli a<strong>ra</strong>mdg<strong>ra</strong>di burTebi Camogordebian da daimsxvrevian. yvela<br />
qveyanas, rogor pirobebSic ar unda imyofebodes igi, surs rom misi miznebis sistema<br />
warmodgenili iyos am sami sferoTi - mdg<strong>ra</strong>di mdg<strong>ra</strong>di ganviTarebiT<br />
ganviTarebiT ganviTarebiT (a<strong>ra</strong> marto ekonomikaSi, a<strong>ra</strong>med<br />
am sityvis yvelanairi mniSvnelobiT), kanonis kanonis uzenaesobiT<br />
uzenaesobiT, uzenaesobiT da cxovrebis cxovrebis xarisxiT<br />
xarisxiT,<br />
xarisxiT<br />
romelic Seesabameba samarTlis normebs.<br />
nax.1. nax.1. nax.1. nax.1. nax.1. “kolonada”<br />
“kolonada”<br />
“kolonada” “kolonada”<br />
“kolonada” 10<br />
9 J.Wojciechowicz, Anti-Corruption and the Local Governments, The World Bank, 2002<br />
10 J.Pope, The T<strong>ra</strong>nsparency International Source Book, National Integrity Systems, 2000
kolonadis safuZvelSi Cadebulia misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi - sazogadoebis<br />
sazogadoebis<br />
faseulobebi:<br />
faseulobebi:<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>diciuli: ojaxi, megobrebi, erTguleba, pi<strong>ra</strong>di usafrTxoeba, stabiluroba, xvalindeli<br />
dRisadmi rwmena, t<strong>ra</strong>diciebisadmi erTguleba;<br />
universaluri: sikeTis keTeba, warmateba/miRwevebi, pi<strong>ra</strong>di zrda, muSaoba gundSi,<br />
patiosneba, srulyofileba, gambedaoba.<br />
faseulobaTa es CamonaTvali Cven faseulobaTa rigs ganekuTvneba. specialistebi, romlebic<br />
swavloben am sakiTxs, amboben, rom adamianebis um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobis qceva efuZneba a<strong>ra</strong> umetes xuT<br />
faseulobas. Cven, a<strong>ra</strong>cnobie<strong>ra</strong>d virCevT im <strong>ra</strong>mdenime faseulobas, romelic yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovania CvenTvis. Cveni prioritetebi adreul asakSi formirdeba.<br />
msoflio banki, romelic seriozulad udgeba siRaribesTan siRaribesTan siRaribesTan brZolas brZolas da am movlenis<br />
mizezebis Seswavlas, korufcias gansazRv<strong>ra</strong>vs, rogorc ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
ganviTarebis erTaderT arsebiT winaaRmdegobas. korufcia amuxruWebs qveynis ganviTarebas,<br />
afuWebs kanons da institutebs, romelzedac damokidebulia ekonomikuri zrda. Raribebi<br />
yvelaze metad itanjebian misgan. maT ar SeuZliaT qrTamTan, TaRliTobasTan da ukanono<br />
ekonomikur privilegiebTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba.<br />
imisaTvis, rom <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>m korufcia ganixilos, rogorc pi<strong>ra</strong>di problema, aucilebelia am<br />
moTxovnilebis Seqmna. risi gakeTebac aucilebelia, esaa imis gageba, rom is, <strong>ra</strong>c bedniers<br />
gagvxdis Cven, bedniers gaxdis sxva adamianebsac, is <strong>ra</strong>c gvab<strong>ra</strong>zebs Cven, ab<strong>ra</strong>zebs sxva<br />
adamianebsac. korufciasTan korufciasTan brZolisas brZolisas unda unda unda ganvsazRvroT ganvsazRvroT a<strong>ra</strong> a<strong>ra</strong> a<strong>ra</strong> Cveni Cveni sakuTari<br />
sakuTari<br />
faseulobebis faseulobebis sistemis sistemis prioritetebi, prioritetebi, a<strong>ra</strong>med a<strong>ra</strong>med Cveni Cveni miznobrivi miznobrivi auditoriis<br />
auditoriis<br />
faseulobebi<br />
faseulobebi.<br />
faseulobebi<br />
korufciis korufciis Sedegi<br />
Sedegi<br />
korufcia, rogorc socialuri movlena (samarTlebrivi da eTikuri darRvevebis erToblioba),<br />
seriozul problemas warmoadgens nebismieri qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi da misi daZlevis<br />
gareSe SeuZlebelia visaubroT warmtebuli nacionaluri proeqtis - saxelmwifos ganviTarebaze.<br />
korufcidan gamomdinare da misi Tanamdevi movlenebia:<br />
1. resursebis (da a<strong>ra</strong> Semosavlebis) a<strong>ra</strong>efeqturi ganawileba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
samTavrobo prog<strong>ra</strong>mebis ganxorcielebas, saxelmwifo biujetis ekonomiur xarjvas, zrdis<br />
samewarmeo saqmianobis t<strong>ra</strong>nsaqcizur (a<strong>ra</strong>miznobriv) danaxarjebs;<br />
31
2. Semosavlebis (da a<strong>ra</strong> resursebis) usamarTlo ganawileba, meqrTamis da, rig SemTxvevaSi,<br />
maTi klientis gamdidreba sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis xarjze;<br />
3. gansxvaveba gamocxadebul da realur faseulobebs Soris da “ormagi cnobierebis”<br />
Camoyalibeba, damaxinjebuli saxelisuflebo urTierTobebi, roca kadrebis SerCeva<br />
xorcieldeba a<strong>ra</strong> saqmiani Tvisebebis, a<strong>ra</strong>med imis mixedviT, Tu korufciul garemoSi<br />
adaptaciis rogori unari aqvs ama Tu im adamians;<br />
4. kriminaluri struqturebis gaZliereba da maTi saxelmwifo struqturebTan dakavSireba. 11<br />
korufciis korufciis daZlevis daZlevis organizaciuli organizaciuli aspeqtebi<br />
aspeqtebi<br />
saerTaSoriso gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, arsebobs sistemuri korufciis winaaRmdeg<br />
moqmedebis oTxi scenari. 12<br />
pirveli pirveli scenari scenari scenari - xelisuflebis revoluciuri cvla saxelmwifos yofili meTaurebis<br />
dapatimrebiT. aseT <strong>gzas</strong> SeuZlia warmatebis mopoveba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m a<strong>ra</strong> yovelTvis.<br />
meore meore scenari scenari scenari - moxdes xelisuflebis mSvidobiani gziT gadacema. saWiroa garkveuli xarisxis<br />
urTierTgageba da urTierTdaTmoba procesSi monawile mxareebs Soris. es aseve Zneli amocanaa,<br />
vinaidan qveynis yofili kleptomani liderebi midrekilni arian ufro meti fulis misaRebad.<br />
mesame mesame scenari scenari - - reformebi xorcieldeba xelisuflebis da saxelmwifo samsaxuris kardinaluri<br />
cvlilebebis talRaze. mag<strong>ra</strong>m arsebobs m<strong>ra</strong>vali magaliTi, rom axal xelmZRvanelebs yu<strong>ra</strong>dReba<br />
male gadaaqvT sxva sakiTxebze da sw<strong>ra</strong>fad gadadian wina xelisuflebis gakvalul gzaze.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe scenari scenari - “patiosnebis kunZuli”. xdeba calkeuli saxelmwifo samsaxuris sferoebis<br />
mTliani sistemidan sruli “gamijvna”, <strong>ra</strong>Ta daiwyos brZola korufciasTan calke aRebul<br />
monakveTze.<br />
zogi amtkicebs, rom erTaderTi, risi gakeTebac aucilebelia - esaa kanonis ukeT amoqmedeba,<br />
rom problema korufciis farTod gavrceleba ki ar aris, a<strong>ra</strong>med iZulebis zomebis ukmarisoba.<br />
garkveulwilad saxelmwifo iZulebulia daemsgavsos antikur RmerT saturns, romelic Tavis<br />
Svilebs Wams, aCens <strong>ra</strong> korufcias Tavis struqturebSi da Semdeg Tavadve ebrZvis mas.<br />
Tu problemis arsi mxolod amaSi mdgomareobs, maSin korufcia msoflioSi ukve damarcxebuli<br />
unda iyos. im qveynebSic ki, sadac korufciam arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia, saxelmwifo sistemaSi<br />
11 Ñ.Ì.Å÷ìàêîâ, Òåíåâàÿ ýêîíîìèêà: Àíàëèç è ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, Ôèíàíñû è ñòàòèñòèêà, 2004<br />
12 Îñíîâû ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèÿ êîððóïöèè, ÑÏÀÐÊ, 2000<br />
32
arsebobs korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonebi, romlebsac ub<strong>ra</strong>lod ar icaven. aseTi<br />
qveynebis um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobaSi arsebobs umaRlesi Tanamdebobis pirebis qcevis kodeqsi, sadac<br />
keTilma miznebma asaxva hpova, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Tavad kodeqsi arsebiTad mkvd<strong>ra</strong>dSobilia.<br />
korufciisTvis winaaRmdegobis gasawevad ar aris sakmarisi Sesabamisi kanonebis miReba da<br />
amoqmedeba. sakiTxis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom aiZulo sistema imuSaos da Secvalos<br />
adamianebis qcevis modeli.<br />
antikorufciul meTodologiaTa zogierTi avtori daJinebiT moiTxovs daisajon mTavari<br />
damnaSaveebi. sxvebi amtkiceben, rom reformebis ganxorcielebisas win unda gavixedoT, unda<br />
vecadoT sistemis Secvlas, da a<strong>ra</strong> ukan viyuroT da warsuli qmedebebisTvis davsajoT<br />
damnaSaveebi. mag<strong>ra</strong>m maSinac ki, rodesac miznad aris dasaxuli damnaSaveTa dasja, aucilebelia,<br />
rom arsebobdes xelisufleba, romelic, upirveles yovlisa, midrekilia kardinaluri<br />
reformebis ganxorcielebisaken. momavalze, da a<strong>ra</strong> warsulze, orientaciis upi<strong>ra</strong>tesoba imaSi<br />
mdgomareobs, rom reformis oponireba minimumamde dadis. is, vinc ukanono da a<strong>ra</strong>patiosani<br />
gziT gamdidrda (es adamianebi xSir SemTxvevaSi qveynis elitas warmoadgenen) ar ganixilaven<br />
korufciasTan brZolis prog<strong>ra</strong>mas, rogorc saSiSroebas pi<strong>ra</strong>dad maTTvis. korufciis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolis prog<strong>ra</strong>ma umaRles politikur wreebSi mxardaWeriT unda sargeblobdes<br />
imis miuxedavad, Tu konkretulad vis daekisreba sisxlis samarTlebrivi Tu administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli<br />
pasuxismgebloba am prog<strong>ra</strong>mis ganxorcielebis Sedegad.<br />
korufciasTan brZolis amocana mdgomareobs sazogadoebis faseulobebTan muSaobaSi da<br />
sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi im azris danergvaSi, rom korufcia angrevs am faseulobebs. unda<br />
Seiqmnas gardaqmnebis moTxovnileba. korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola gacilebiT efeqturia,<br />
Tu ki is mimdinareobs im safuZvlebze, romelic exeba adamianebis cxovrebis materialur mxares,<br />
an iwvevs Zlier emociur zegavlenas.<br />
materialuri mxare. Tqveni fuli! korufcia niSnavs imas, rom Tqven yvelaferSi ixdiT<br />
gacilebiT ufro mets!<br />
emociuri aspeqti. saqarTvelo Tqveni samSobloa! korufcia Tqveni samSoblos mteria!<br />
statistiku<strong>ra</strong>d dadasturebulia, rom saqarTveloSi 5 wlamde bavSvTa sikvdilianobis<br />
zrdis dinamika, bolo TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi, absolutur korelaciaSia korufciis<br />
zrdis dinamikasTan. Tqveni bavSvebis sikvdili korumpirebuli adamianebis sindiszea!<br />
saerTo saerTo saerTo politika politika korufciis korufciis Sesamcireblad<br />
Sesamcireblad<br />
korufciasTan brZolis procesSi ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb arsebuli meTodologia<br />
imdenad m<strong>ra</strong>valferovania, rom SeuZlebelia winamdebare masalaSi maTi zogadi principebis<br />
saxiT Camoyalibebac ki. aqedan gamomdinare, CamovTvliT mxolod umTavres Tezisebs:<br />
33
agentis agentis (sajaro (sajaro moxelis) moxelis) SerCeva SerCeva kvalificiurobis, patiosnebisa da saimedoobis<br />
ga<strong>ra</strong>ntiebis mixedviT. agentebis SesarCevad nepotizmis, favoritizmis da msgavsi<br />
saSualebebis gamoyeneba sapirispiro Sedegebs gamoiRebs.<br />
jildoebi jildoebi da da sasjelebi<br />
sasjelebi. sasjelebi mxolod moxeleTa xelfasis gazrda situacias ver<br />
gaaumjobesebs. moxeleTa motivaciis gasazrdelad aucilebelia monetaruli da<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>monetaruli jildoebisa da sasjelebis sistemis amoqmedeba. amasTan unda moxdes<br />
sasjelTa diferencireba Sedegebis mixedviT.<br />
informaciis informaciis Segroveba<br />
Segroveba. Segroveba unda Camoyalibdes informaciis mosagrovebeli da<br />
gasaanalizebeli sistemebi (auditi, menejmentis sainformacio sistema da sxv.) da<br />
sainformacio agentebis (auditori, inspeqtori da a.S.) servisi. gamoyenebul unda iqnes<br />
mesame mxare, rogorc informaciis wyaro, aseve klientebi da sazogadoebrioba, <strong>ra</strong>c xels<br />
Seuwyobs organizaciis SigniT arsebuli informaciuli asimetriis daZlevas.<br />
ufrosi-agenti-klientis ufrosi-agenti-klientis urTierTobis urTierTobis restruqturizacia<br />
restruqturizacia restruqturizacia iseTi meTodebis<br />
gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa konkurencia (rogorc nebismieri monopoliis mteri), agentebis<br />
moqmedebis Tavisufleba (korufciuli qmedebis Cadenis SesaZleblobis Semcireba),<br />
agentebis rotacia, organizaciis misia an produqcia (miznebis da qmedebebis naTeli<br />
gansazRv<strong>ra</strong>), klientTa jgufebi (vinaidan antikorufciul ganwyobebs sicocxlis mcire<br />
xangrZlivoba gaaCniaT, Sesabamisi interesTa jgufebis Camoyalibeba).<br />
korufciis korufciis mimarT mimarT ganwyobilebis ganwyobilebis Secvla Secvla. Secvla sazogadoebis korufciisadmi<br />
damokidebulebis Secvlis aprobirebul saSualebebs warmoadgens: ganaTleba da sakuTari<br />
magaliTi (korufciuli qcevis Tanamdevi xarjebis Sesaxeb informireba), eTikis kodeqsi<br />
(magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba 1995 wels did britaneTSi e.w. nolanis komisiis mier sajaro<br />
samsaxurisaTvis SemuSavebuli 7 principi, romelic efuZneba uangarobis, mousyidvelobis,<br />
obieqturobis, angariSvaldebulebis, Riaobis, patiosnebisa da xelmZRvanelobis<br />
meTodologiu<strong>ra</strong>d damuSavebul principebs), organizaciuli kultu<strong>ra</strong> (mosamsaxureTa mier<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileoba).<br />
nebismieri qveynis moxeleebs faseulobebis faseulobebis ori ori nakrebi nakrebi aqvT: oficialuri (dakanonebuli)<br />
da a<strong>ra</strong>oficialuri (t<strong>ra</strong>diciebi da Cveulebebi). Tumca moxeleebi mowodebuli arian emsaxuron<br />
kanons, sulis siRrmeSi isini ufro xSi<strong>ra</strong>d iTvlebian a<strong>ra</strong>oficialuri faseulobebis<br />
mimdevrebad. t<strong>ra</strong>diciebis Zala imdenad didia, rom Tumca TviTon moxeleebi sajarod uaryofen<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>diciebs, isini mainc mudmivad imyofebian maTi zegavlenis qveS. magaliTad, politikosebi<br />
da maRali <strong>ra</strong>ngis moxeleebi umadurobis b<strong>ra</strong>ldebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT iZulebulni arian<br />
Tavis garemocvaSi megobrebi da axlo naTesavebi iyolion. aseTi viTareba siZneleebs uqmnis im<br />
34
moxeleebs, romlebic acnobiereben kanonis faseulobas. Tu samoxeleo apa<strong>ra</strong>tis mwvervalze<br />
aseTi mdgomareoba mxolod zogierT uxerxulobas qmnis, rigiT moqalaqeebSi aseTma<br />
mdgomareobam namdvili panika unda gamoiwvios.<br />
am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT aucilebelia:<br />
1. a<strong>ra</strong>o<strong>ra</strong>zrovani instruqciebis meSveobiT SemuSavdes gadawyvetilebis miRebis struqtu<strong>ra</strong><br />
ise, rom gamoiricxon is pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba aRmoCndnen naTesavebis ‘ klanis zewolis<br />
qveS;<br />
2. instruqciebi mitanili unda iyos <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>mde. xazi unda gaesvas, rom moxeleebma<br />
nebismieri t<strong>ra</strong>diciuli testis adaptireba unda moaxdinon axal realobasTan;<br />
3. unda moxdes kvalifikaciis amaRlebis efeqturi sistemis Seqmna da naTlad ganisazRvros<br />
moxeleebis qcevis wesebi da eTikis normebi;<br />
4. farTod iqnes gamoyenebuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli zemoqmedebis zomebi, romlebic<br />
uzrunvelyofs yvela donis xelmZRvanelis pasuxismgeblobas maTTvis daqvemdebarebuli<br />
yvela qvedanayofis qmedebis mimarT.<br />
35
korufciis problema saqarTveloSi<br />
situacia situacia 2003 2003 wlamde<br />
wlamde<br />
yvela zemoaRniSnuli problema saxelmwifoebriobis mSeneblobis procesSi win daudga<br />
saqarTvelosac, iseve rogorc axali demok<strong>ra</strong>tiis mSenebeli qveynebis um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobas.<br />
marTalia gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis manZilze qveyanaSi SemuSavda mTeli rigi<br />
antikorufciuli prog<strong>ra</strong>mebi, mag<strong>ra</strong>m p<strong>ra</strong>qtikaSi maTi realizeba ar momxda<strong>ra</strong>.<br />
2002 wels msoflio bankis eqspertebis mier yofil postsabWoTa sivrceSi administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli<br />
korufciis da saxelmwifo funqciebis mitacebis indeqsisa da xelisuflebaze korufciis<br />
zegavlenis xarisxis gazomvam da maTi integrirebuli maCveneblebis kvlevam saqarTvelosTvis<br />
sakmaod savalalo su<strong>ra</strong>Ti gamoavlina.<br />
administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli korufcia<br />
korufcia<br />
korufcia korufcia<br />
korufcia (Administ<strong>ra</strong>tive corruption) aris sajaro moxeleebis mier, dadgenili<br />
kanonebis, wesebis da instruqciebis Sesrulebis damaxinjeba gadaxdili qrTamis safasu<strong>ra</strong>d.<br />
saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo funqciebis funqciebis funqciebis funqciebis funqciebis mitaceba mitaceba mitaceba mitaceba mitaceba (State Capture) aris kerZo struqturebis mxriv gamovlenili<br />
Zalisxmeva, <strong>ra</strong>Ta Camoyalibdes iseTi iuridiuli politikuri da maregulirebeli garemo,<br />
romelic uzrunvelyofs sajaro moxeleebis kerZo mogebis ukanono, gaumWvirvale pirobebs<br />
da am gziT kerZo struqturebis mxriv saxelmwifo funqciebis mitacebas (magaliTad:<br />
kanonmdebelTa xmebis mosyidvas, aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebze ukanono<br />
zegavlenas kerZo Sesyidvebis procesSi, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis Secvlas mosyidvis<br />
gziT, politikuri partiebis ukanono dafinansebas).<br />
msoflio bankis mier Catarebuli administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli korufciis da saxelmwifo funqciebis<br />
mitacebis Sefardebis kvlevis meTodika saSualebas iZleva dadgindes qveynis korufciuli<br />
topologia, ris Sedegadac muSavdeba saxelmwifoTa antikorufciuli st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis gegma. 13<br />
somxeTis, azerbaijanis da saqarTvelos magaliTze arsebuli monacemebis SedarebiTi analizis<br />
safuZvelze Seswavlili administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli korufciis maRali indeqsi gamovlinda azerbaijanSi<br />
da somxeTSi (Sesabamisad 5,6 da 4,5), xolo saqarTveloSi misi done 4,2 gautolda.<br />
13 D.Kaufmann, Seize the State, Seize the Day: State Capture, Corupption, and Influence in T<strong>ra</strong>nsition Economies, World Bank<br />
Policy Research Working Paper 2444, 2000<br />
36
ac Seexeba kerZo struqturebis mier saxelmwifos funqciebis mitacebis indeqss, azerbaijani<br />
gamokveTili “lideri” iyo 41 erTeuliT, xolo somxeTSi misi done sakmaod dabali iyo<br />
(daaxloebiT 6 erTeuli), saqarTveloSi igi aRwevda 32 erTeulis niSnuls, <strong>ra</strong>c sakmaod maRal<br />
(uaryofiTi gagebiT) maCveneblad iTvleba.<br />
am pa<strong>ra</strong>metris mixedviT azerbaijani moxvda korufciis donis saSiS, maRal zonaSi,<br />
azerbaijanTan SedarebiT arc saqarTvelom “daTmo” poziciebi. <strong>ra</strong>c Seexeba somxeTs,<br />
saxelmwifo funqciebis mitacebis dabali indeqsis gamo man ufro momgebiani pozicia daikava<br />
da korufciis saSualo donis mqone qveynebis siaSi aRmoCnda.<br />
kargi mmarTvelobis da saxelmwifo funqciebis mitacebis indeqsebis Sefardebis SedarebiTma<br />
analizma aseve a<strong>ra</strong>saxarbielo su<strong>ra</strong>Ti mogvca. kargi mmarTvelobis dabalma indeqsma (1,2) da<br />
saxelmwifos mitacebis maRalma maCvenebelma (32) saqarTvelo sakmaod a<strong>ra</strong>momgebian<br />
mdgomareobaSi Caayena azerbaijanTan (Sesabamisad 1,5 da 41) da somxeTTan (1,7 da 6) SedarebiT. 14<br />
eduard SevardnaZis saqarTvelos prezidentis postze aTwliani yofnis Semdgom, mzardma<br />
politikurma da ekonomikurma korufciam da samarTlis normebis Selaxvam saSiSroebis winaSe<br />
daayena saqarTveloSi gardamavali periodis demok<strong>ra</strong>tiis da sabazro ekonomikis ganviTareba;<br />
xalxis protestis Sedegad, 2003 wlis noemberSi, eduard SevardnaZe iZulebuli gaxda<br />
gadamdgariyo Tavisi postidan.<br />
situacia situacia 2003 2003 wlis wlis wlis Semdeg<br />
Semdeg<br />
“vardebis revoluciis” ganxorcielebis Sedegad qveyanaSi moxda qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>nsformirebis dakveTis erTgvari realizacia. anok<strong>ra</strong>tiul, neopatrimonialur,<br />
klienteluri socialur-politikuri sazogadoebrivi sistemidan, usisxlo revoluciis<br />
Sedegad (lozungiT: “saqarTvelo korufciis gareSe”), unda ganxorcielebuliyo qarTuli<br />
sazogadoebis ganviTarebis axal sistemaze gadasvla.<br />
revoluciis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi mosulma politikurma Zalebma moaxdines korufciasTan<br />
brZolis dawyebis deklarireba da daiwyes sakmaod <strong>ra</strong>dikaluri qmedebebi, mag<strong>ra</strong>m realuri<br />
Sedegebis miRwevamde jer kidev bevri <strong>ra</strong>maa gasakeTebeli.<br />
14 J.Wojciechowicz, Anti-Corruption and the Local Governments, The World Bank, 2002<br />
37
jer kidev gasuli saukunis II naxevarSi (1978), neopatrimonialuri reJimis <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si<br />
revoluciis Sedegebis Sesaxeb saintereso daskvnebi aqvs gakeTebuli S.eizenStadts<br />
S.eizenStadts<br />
S.eizenStadts; S.eizenStadts<br />
S.eizenStadts es daskvnebi,<br />
Cveni azriT, dRevandeli qarTuli sinamdvilis winaswarmetyvelur ganWvretas waagavs:<br />
38<br />
1. yvela pirobis arsebobis miuxedavad, neopatrimonialuri sazogadoebis mqone qveynebSi<br />
xdeba a<strong>ra</strong> wminda, klasikuri saxis revolucia, a<strong>ra</strong>med adgili aqvs kvazirevoluciebs,<br />
romlebic xorcieldeba garedan Carevis da zegavlenis didi doziT arsebobis pirobebSi;<br />
2. rogorc wesi, aseTi sazogadoebebi axdenen damoukidebel politikur Zalebsa da<br />
inteleqtualur liderebs Soris kavSirebis sisustis demonstrirebas;<br />
3. yvela amdagvari reJimi centrsa da periferias Soris urTierTobis mxolod umniSvnelo<br />
gardaqmnas axdens, mas minimumamde dahyavs socialuri jgufebis centrisadmi avtonomiuri<br />
xelmisawvdomoba da amis sanacvlod aqcenti keTdeba patron-klientis da korpo<strong>ra</strong>ciuli<br />
warmonaqmnebis urTierTobis gavrcelebaze.<br />
es tendenciebi nawilobriv gadailaxeba saerTaSoriso Zalebis zewolis Sedegad da an<br />
adgilobrivi elitebis gaZlierebiT. am ukanasknelTa finansuri mxardaWeris gareSe aseT<br />
reJimebSi mxolod iZulebis gziT SeiZleba moxdes Rrma cvlilebebi.<br />
dResdReobiT, qveynis saTaveSi axali xelisuflebis mosvlidan sami wlis Semdeg, SesaZlebelia<br />
mis mier gatarebuli antikorufciuli Zalisxmevis Sefaseba da masSi garkveuli tendenciebis<br />
gamokveTa. 15<br />
sw<strong>ra</strong>fi antikorufciuli reformebis momxre axlad arCeulma parlamentma miiRo <strong>ra</strong>mdenime<br />
kanoni, romelTac, rogorc nava<strong>ra</strong>udevi iyo, unda SeemcirebinaT korufcia Sekavebis da<br />
gamovlenis meqanizmebis wyalobiT. am meqanizmebs ganekuTvneba:<br />
“proku<strong>ra</strong>turis Sesaxeb” kanonSi da “saqarTvelos administ<strong>ra</strong>ciul-procesualur kodeqsSi”<br />
miRebuli Sesworebebi da cvlilebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo moxeleebis<br />
ukanonod SeZenili qonebis konfiskacias, proku<strong>ra</strong>turis da sasamarTlo sistemis aqtiuri<br />
amoqmedebis gziT;<br />
“saxelmwifo samsaxurSi interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb” kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi da<br />
Sesworebebi, romlebic iTvaliswineben saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myofi pirebis<br />
keTilsindisierebis Semowmebas;<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis cvlilebebi, romlebic iTvaliswineben mZime<br />
danaSaulebis gamoZiebis procesSi xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobaze wamosuli pirebis<br />
samarTlebriv dacvas;<br />
15 S.N.Eisenstadt, Revolution and the T<strong>ra</strong>nsformation of Societies, 1978
kanoni “finansuri policiis Sesaxeb”, romelic xels uwyobs finansuri korufciis<br />
winaaRmdeg efeqtur brZolas;<br />
kanoni “ganviTarebis da reformebis fondis Sesaxeb”, romelic, meqrTameobis Semcirebis<br />
mizniT, yu<strong>ra</strong>dRebis koncent<strong>ra</strong>cias axdens pasuxismgebeli sajaro moxeleebisTvis maRali<br />
xelfasis gadaxdaze.<br />
sakanonmdeblo iniciativebTan erTad gatarebuli iqna gadamwyveti RonisZiebebi<br />
korumpirebuli Tanamdebobis pirebis gamovlenis da sasamarTlo devnis mimarTulebiT.<br />
axladwarmoqmnili axladwarmoqmnili axladwarmoqmnili problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
axali xelisuflebis mniSvnelovani antikorufciuli Zalisxmeva, rig SemTxvevaSi,<br />
dakavSirebuli iyo mTel rig procedurul darRvevebTan. sakuTari administ<strong>ra</strong>ciuli<br />
funqciebis kontrolis aRdgenis da konsolidaciis mizniT saxelmwifo institutebi gverds<br />
uvlidnen saqarTvelos zogierTi kanonis moTxovnebs da Tavisi moqmedebis gamarTlebas<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobiT cdilobdnen.<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciis “saerTaSoriso gamWirvaloba” (T<strong>ra</strong>nsparency International) korufciis<br />
aRqmis indeqsis maCvenebelis mixedviT (romelic aCvenebs korufciis dones qveyanaSi),<br />
saqarTvelom 85-e (2002 weli) adgilidan 124-e adgilze (2003 weli) gadainacvla da yofili<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebidan bolo adgilebi gainawila tajikeTTan erTad. 2005 wels ki<br />
aRniSnuli maCvenebeliT qvyanam, miuxedavad xelisuflebis mir gatarebuli antikorufciuli<br />
RonisZiebebisa, 133-e adgili daikava. 16<br />
2003 wels saparlamento arCevnebis Semdgom, erT-erTi pirveli sakanonmdeblo iniciativa iyo<br />
prezidentis mier SemoTavazebuli sakonstitucio Sesworebebi, romliTac prezidents, rig<br />
situaciebSi, eniWeba parlamentis daSlis ufleba. garda amisa, Sesworebebi zegavlenas axdens<br />
sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas Soris arsebul urTierTwonasworobaze. is aseve<br />
zRudavs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobas, aZlevs <strong>ra</strong> prezidents uflebas daniSnos<br />
da daiTxovos mosamarTleebi. amave dros prezidents miniWebuli aqvs konstituciuri sasamarTlos<br />
uflebamosileba da sasamarTlos Carevis gareSe aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis kompetenciaSi<br />
Semavali gadawyvetilebebis miRebis ufleba, maTi konstituciasTan Seusabamobis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
mTlianobaSi sistemam, romelic am SesworebebiT aris miRebuli, daarRvia balansi xelisuflebis<br />
sxvadasxva Stoebs Soris da gazarda misi damokidebuleba pi<strong>ra</strong>dad prezidentis nebaze. 17<br />
16 T<strong>ra</strong>nsparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index, 2005, www. t<strong>ra</strong>nsparency.org<br />
17 T.Frye, A Politics of Institutional Choice, Compa<strong>ra</strong>tive Political Studies, V.30, No.5, 1997<br />
39
amerikelma mkvlevarma T.f<strong>ra</strong>im, jer kidev 1997 wels postsabWour sivrceSi saprezidento<br />
mmarTvelobis institucionaluri arCevanis SedarebiTi analizis meTodiT kvlevisas<br />
daadgina, rom postsabWour sivrceSi saqarTveloSi avtoritarizmis xarisxi erT-erTi<br />
yvelaze ufro maRali iyo Sua aziis qveynebis Semdgom, ris ganmapirobebel faqto<strong>ra</strong>dac<br />
mkvlevari miiCnevda saprezidento mmarTvelobis uflebamosilebis maRal xarisxs<br />
(avtoritaruli sistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 27 Teoriuli saprezidento<br />
uflebamosilebidan saqarTvelos imJamindeli prezidenti 16 uflebamosilebas flobda).<br />
kvlevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo kulturuli, ekonomikuri, politikuri da societaluri<br />
midgomebis zegavlena saprezidento Zalauflebis xarisxze. 2004 wlis konstituciurma<br />
cvlilebam am uflebamosilebaTa sia kidev ufro gazarda.<br />
laTinuri amerikisa da afrikis mTeli rigi qveynebis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom balansis darRveva aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sasargeblod xels uwyobs<br />
avtoritarizmisa da, Sesabamisad elitaruli korufciis zrdas. saqarTvelos Sesaxeb<br />
analogiuris mtkiceba am etapze Znelia, vinaidan seriozuli antikorufciuli analizi bolo<br />
wlebis manZilze CvenTan ar Catarebula.<br />
erTi ki cxadia, konstituciuri Sesworebebis gziT saprezidento Zalauflebis Semdgomi<br />
gaZliereba safuZvels gvaZlevs viva<strong>ra</strong>udoT, rom miuxedavad ganxorcielebuli reformebisa,<br />
avtoritarizmis axali, postrevoluciuri formis gamovlenis saSiSroeba, Tanmxlebi<br />
recidivebiT, kvlav dgas saqarTvelos winaSe.<br />
imave periodSi, saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “mTavrobis struqturis da<br />
uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb”. mas Semdeg, <strong>ra</strong>c premier-ministrma z.Jvaniam daasrula axali<br />
kabinetis formireba, axalma ministrebma Tavisi moRvaweoba sakadro gadaadgilebebiT daiwyes.<br />
um<strong>ra</strong>vles SemTxvevaSi saministroebSi TanamSromlebs sTxovdnen gancxadebis dawe<strong>ra</strong>s<br />
Tanamdebobis datovebis Sesaxeb. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo moxeleebis<br />
daTxovna saWiroebs Sesabamisi mizezis miTiTebas da kanonis am moTxovnis dacva saministros<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>nsformirebis process aSka<strong>ra</strong>d gaarTulebda.<br />
saxelmwifo moxeleebis uflebebis dacvis nebis arqona SeiniSneboda a<strong>ra</strong> marto maTi daTxovnis<br />
dros, a<strong>ra</strong>med maTi Semcvlelebis daniSvnis drosac - mxolod <strong>ra</strong>mdenime SemTxvevaSi<br />
gamoqveynda gancxadeba vakansiebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. mTel rig umniSvnelovanes<br />
Tanamdebobebze, axali adamianebi dainiSnen SerCevis mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d gansazRvruli kriteriumebis<br />
gareSe, sakonkurso procedurebis gverdis avliT.<br />
40
parlamentSi 2006 wlis saprezidento gamosvlis dros prezidentma m.saakaSvilma ganacxada,<br />
rom saxelmwifo samsaxurSi mxolod meritok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli principiT xdeba SerCeva, <strong>ra</strong>c aSka<strong>ra</strong><br />
Secdomaa da, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, prezidentis a<strong>ra</strong>informirebulobaze metyvelebs. am mxriv<br />
simptomaturi iyo saxelmwifo samsaxuris biuros da damsaxurebis safuZvelze samsaxurebrivi<br />
winsvlis reformirebis magaliTi. revoluciis Semdeg premier-ministr z.Jvanias mier deklarirebul<br />
meritok<strong>ra</strong>tiis principis danergvas saxelmwifo samsaxurSi mohyva saxelmwifo samsaxuris biuros<br />
Seqmna, sadac, axali koncefciis mixedviT, funqcionirebda sazedamxedvelo sabWo da moqmedebda<br />
oTxi ZiriTadi departamenti (adamianuri resursebis marTvis, kadrebis momzadebis, organizaciuli<br />
ganviTarebis, atestaciis da sertificirebis). samwuxarod, rigi politikuri gancxadebebis garda,<br />
xelisuflebam ar isargebla am iniciativiT saxelmwifo moxeleebis SerCevis da samsaxurSi<br />
winsvlisadmi sruliad axal damokidebulebis Seqmnis mizniT. daarsebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg<br />
saxelmwifo samsaxuris biuro gauqmebul iqna da misi funqciebis nawili gadaeca iusticiis<br />
saministros.<br />
2004 wlis dekembridan dRemde axal mTavrobaSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, calkeuli gamonaklisebis<br />
garda, daniSvna grZeldeba “Zveli wesebiT” - ar arsebobs Ria konkursi nebismier vakantur<br />
Tanamdebobaze. gansxvaveba Zvel da axal midgomebs Soris imaSi mdgomareobs, rom TiTqmis<br />
yvela axlad daniSnuli pirebi axalgazrdebi arian, swavlobdnen sazRvargareT da aqvT,<br />
korufciis TvalsazrisiT, “sufTa” biog<strong>ra</strong>fia. aqedan gamomdinare, faqtia, rom marTalia<br />
saqarTvelos xelisufleba kvlav acxadebs korufciasTan brZolas qveynis erT-erT umTavres<br />
prioritetad, mag<strong>ra</strong>m amave dros yovelTvis ar iyenebs yvelaze ufro misaReb da civilur<br />
saSualebebs am miznis misaRwevad.<br />
xelisuflebis yvelaze ufro mkveTri da aSka<strong>ra</strong>d antikorufciuli moqmedebebi gamovlinda<br />
im pirTa masobriv dapatimrebaSi, romlebic korufciaSi iyvnen dadanaSaulebuli.<br />
dapatimrebulTa Soris iyvnen yofili ministrebi, ministrebis moadgileebi, aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, sxva saxelmwifo moxeleebi da biznesmenebi. xdeboda<br />
dapatimrebebis televiziiT Cveneba, niRbiani adamianebis mier ia<strong>ra</strong>Ris da Zalis demonstrireba.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom dapatimrebuli pirebis mniSvnelovani nawili eWvis legitimuri<br />
obieqtebad moiazreboda, um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobisTvis dRemde ar aris Catarebuli maTi saqmeebis<br />
sasamarTlo ganxilva da Sedegad ar aris damtkicebuli danaSauli. maRali <strong>ra</strong>ngis saxelmwifo<br />
Cinovnikebs, rogorc Cans, ar surT Tavi Seikavon komentarebisagan sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT da daadasturon, rom aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba ar apirebs<br />
daarRvios sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba.<br />
dapatimrebebTan dakavSirebuli kidev erTi didi problema warmoiqmna Tanxis gadaxdis<br />
sanacvlod zogierTi dapatimrebulis gaTavisuflebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom arsebobs<br />
41
samarTlebrivi meqanizmi, romelic iTvaliswinebs aseTi moqmedebis safuZvlebs: axali<br />
kanonmdebloba iZleva ukanonod mopovebuli qonebis konfiskaciis uflebas sasamarTlos<br />
specialuri gadawyvetilebis Semdeg, mas Semdeg, <strong>ra</strong>c dadasturdeba, rom es qoneba ukanono<br />
gziT iyo SeZenili. m<strong>ra</strong>val dakavebulTan mimarTebaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes iribi samxili, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
korumpirebuli qmedebis damtkiceba dRemde ar aris dadasturebuli. saxelmwifo moxeleebis<br />
gancxadebiT, safasuris gadaxdiT ganTavisuflebulTa fuli daubrunda saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo biujets, Tumca, Tu dakavebulTa danaSauli ar iqna damtkicebuli sasamarTlos<br />
mier, SesaZlebelia es fuli ukan gaxdes dasabrunebeli.<br />
daskvna daskvna<br />
daskvna<br />
2005 wlis maisSi prezidentis mier xelmowerili iqna qveynis antikorufciuli st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis<br />
ganmsazRvreli konceptualuri dokumenti. pa<strong>ra</strong>lelu<strong>ra</strong>d tardeba aqtiuri antikorufciuli<br />
moqmedebebi institucionaluri cvlilebebis mimarTulebiT, romlebic amave dros garkveuli<br />
politikuri koniunqturuli fonis matarebelia. magaliTad: msxvil korumpirebulTa SerCeviTi<br />
dasja - “yvela dasaWerias” antikorufciuli principis qarTuli varianti da saerTaSoriso<br />
p<strong>ra</strong>qtikaSi “patiosnebis kunZulebis” saxeliT cnobili antikorufciuli reformis qarTuli<br />
analogi (brendi) - sagzao policiis da umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi gamocdebis<br />
reformirebis ganxorcieleba. qarTul inovacias warmoadgens aseve “daviwyoT sufTa<br />
furclidan” principiT, qarTuli politikuri elitis mier sakuTar Tavze morgebiT,<br />
ganxorcielebuli sakadro reformebis interpretacia da finansuri amnistia. ar SeiZleba ar<br />
aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli Sedegebi korufciis SezRudvis mimarTulebiT miRweulia, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
sawinaaRmdegoze metyvelebs korufciis aRqmis indeqsi, romlis mixedviTac saqarTveloSi am<br />
mxriv mdgomareoba gauaresda (154 qveyanaSi aRricxuli reitinguli indeqsiT 133-e adgili,<br />
2004 wels 128-e adgilTan SedarebiT). bunebrivia ismis kiTxva, <strong>ra</strong>Sia saqme?<br />
pasuxi am SekiTxvaze mxolod im SecdomebSi unda veZeboT, romelic axali qarTuli<br />
xelisuflebis revoluciuri lozungis ganxorcielebis usistemo, st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis ar matarebel,<br />
qmedebebs ukavSirdeba. pozitiuri meTodis codna jer kidev ar niSnavs am meTodis<br />
gamoyenebisas dadebiTi Sedegis miRebas. Sedegebis miRebas sWirdeba misi gamoyenebis zusti<br />
drois da im sivrcis moZebna da momzadeba, sadac misi realizacia unda moxdes. menejmentis<br />
enaze rom vTqvaT, saWiroa garkveuli xedvis da st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis SemuSaveba, am st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis<br />
ganxorcielebis garemos Seswavla da mxolod amis Semdgom im droiTi sivrcis moZebna, rodesac<br />
unda ganxorcieldes es st<strong>ra</strong>tegia.<br />
qveyanaSi socialuri kapitalis Senebis Sedegad miRebuli socialuri da politikuri sistema<br />
is erTaderTi garemoa, romelSic SeiZleba moiazrebodes seriozulad gaTvlili<br />
antikorufciuli st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis ganxorcieleba. saqarTveloSi dRes memkvidreobiT miRebuli,<br />
42
da garkveulwilad axali xelisuflebis mier kultivirebuli, neopatrimonialuri reJimis<br />
Secvlas am ukanasknelis arsis gacnobiereba, xedvis SemuSaveba, problemebis daZlevis<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis SemuSaveba da Semdgom ganxorcieleba sWirdeba.<br />
qvemoT socialuri kapitalis matarebeli sazogadoebis (da a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod saxelmwifos)<br />
korufciis dasaZlevad mimarTuli sistemuri Zalisxmevis da amisTvis gasatarebeli qmedebebis<br />
erT-erTi magaliTia moyvanili. sqemaze mocemul calke aRebul arc erT qmedebas a<strong>ra</strong>nairi<br />
Sedegis motana ar SeuZlia, garda xelisuflebis antikorufciuli imijis Semqmneli<br />
moklevadiani ganwyobisa. erTobliobaSi ki es qmedebebi is Zalaa, ris safuZvelsac socialuri<br />
kapitali warmoadgens.<br />
nax.2. nax.2. nax.2. nax.2. nax.2. korufciasTan korufciasTan korufciasTan korufciasTan korufciasTan brZolis brZolis brZolis brZolis brZolis m<strong>ra</strong>valaspeqtiani m<strong>ra</strong>valaspeqtiani m<strong>ra</strong>valaspeqtiani m<strong>ra</strong>valaspeqtiani m<strong>ra</strong>valaspeqtiani st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegia st<strong>ra</strong>tegia<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegia 18<br />
aSka<strong>ra</strong> xdeba, rom sazogadoebis didi nawilis mier problemis gaazrebisa da moqmedebis naTeli<br />
st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis Camoyalibebis gareSe SeuZlebelia realuri warmatebis imedi viqonioT korufciis<br />
fenomenis daZlevis gzaze.<br />
18 J.Wojciechowicz, Anti-Corruption and the Local Governments, The World Bank, 2002<br />
43
ogor davZlioT korufcia?<br />
msoflioSi, korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolis procesSi gamoikveTa sami Zireuli midgoma,<br />
romlebic saxadasxva qveyanaSi da saxvadasxva periodSi iyo aprobirebuli.<br />
TavisTavad ama Tu im modelis arCeva ar niSnavs, rom dadebiTi Sedegi ga<strong>ra</strong>ntirebuli iqneba.<br />
TiToeuli modelTagani warmatebiT ganxorcielda mTel rig qveynebSi, mag<strong>ra</strong>m sxva qveynebSi<br />
am midgomam an ver imuSava, an uaryofiTi Sedegi gamoiRo.<br />
Cven unda vimsjeloT, Tu romelia qvemoTCamoTvlili sami gzidan saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze<br />
misaRebi, da xom ar aris saZebneli <strong>ra</strong>ime sxva gza.<br />
midgoma midgoma midgoma 1. 1. “yvela “yvela korumpirebuli korumpirebuli dasaWeria”<br />
dasaWeria”<br />
xdeba xelisuflebis sruli cvla saxelmwifos yofili liderebis dapatimrebis gziT. aseTi<br />
gza SeiZleba warmatebuli iyos, mag<strong>ra</strong>m a<strong>ra</strong> yovelTvis.<br />
es scenari gulisxmobs e.w. “nulovan variants”: a) Zvel damnaSaveebs CamoerTmevaT a<strong>ra</strong>kanonieri<br />
gziT mopovebuli qoneba da isini iuridiulad pasuxs ageben Cadenili qmedebebisaTvis; b) yvela<br />
moqalaqisaTvis Seiqmneba Tanabari sastarto pirobebi. es niSnavs, rom yvela iwyebs nulidan<br />
(Tavidan), oRond kanonier farglebSi, da gadis yvela im safexurs, <strong>ra</strong>c adre kanondarRveviT<br />
gaia<strong>ra</strong> sazogadoebis “elitarulma” nawilma. amave dros, unda Camoyalibdes im sazogadoebrivi<br />
jgufebis kompensirebis meqanizmebi, romlebic daza<strong>ra</strong>ldnen korufciuli periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi (socialu<strong>ra</strong>d daucveli fenebi da sxv.), an daza<strong>ra</strong>ldebian zemoaRniSnuli<br />
qmedebebis ganxorcielebis procesSi (mag. is adgilobrivi an ucxoeli biznesmenebi, romlebmac,<br />
sruliad kanonieri meTodebiT, garkveuli investireba moaxdines korumpirebuli “elitis”<br />
mier wamowyebul biznesSi).<br />
midgoma midgoma midgoma 2. 2. “daviwyoT “daviwyoT sufTa sufTa furclidan”<br />
furclidan”<br />
yofil liderebs ar sTxoven sazogadoebisagan srul gariyvas da‘an qveynis datovebas. xdeba<br />
xelisuflebis cvla mSvidobiani gziT, Zveli xelisuflebis Cumi TanxmobiT. saWiroa garkveuli<br />
xarisxis urTierTdaTmoba Zvel da axal xelisuflebas Soris.<br />
44
finansuri da, zog SemTxvevaSi, politikuri amnistiis Sedegad im SemTxvevaSi xdeba Zveli<br />
danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis sruli patieba, Tu dakmayofildeba ori ZiriTadi moTxovna:<br />
“SewyalebulTa” mimarT ar gatardeba damsjeli RonisZiebebi, Tu isini amieridan aRar<br />
daarRveven TamaSis legalur wesebs da<br />
wina wlebSi dagrovil finansur, an sxva saxis resursebs qveynis socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis mizniT ise gamoiyeneben, rom maT garda sxvamac miiRos sargebeli (axali<br />
samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, sagadasaxado bazis zrda warmoebisa da momsaxurebis gazrdis<br />
gziT).<br />
midgoma midgoma 3. 3. “patiosnebis “patiosnebis kunZulebi”<br />
kunZulebi”<br />
<strong>korufciisgan</strong> <strong>Tavisufali</strong> zonebis, “anklavebis” Seqmna. calkeuli saxelmwifo institutebis<br />
gamijvna danarCeni sistemisagan, <strong>ra</strong>Ta korufciasTan brZola calke aRebul monakveTze daiwyos.<br />
am scenaris ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi xdeba a<strong>ra</strong> yvela korumpirebulis dapatimreba an<br />
danaSaulis sruli patieba, a<strong>ra</strong>med calkeul sferoebSi samarTliani TamaSis wesebis<br />
Camoyalibeba. aseTi sferoebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc axlad warmoqmnili (mag. komunikaciebis<br />
sfero, komerciul struqturebTan TanamSromlobis axali struqturebi), ise Zveli, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
sasicocxlo aucileblobis mqone (avtoinspeqciis patruliT Canacvleba, sagadasaxado<br />
samsaxuri an sabaJo). <strong>korufciisgan</strong> <strong>Tavisufali</strong> sivrce unda Camoyalibdes daaxloebiT iseTive<br />
principiT, rogorc damoukideblobis periodSi yalibdeboda, magaliTad, a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi - isini Tavidanve ar yofilan dakavSirebuli korumpirebul saxelmwifo<br />
apa<strong>ra</strong>tTan; finansdeboden ucxouri fondebis mier da adgilobrivi mafia maTze zegavlenas<br />
ver axdenda; dasavleTi maT mo<strong>ra</strong>lu<strong>ra</strong>d, da xSir SemTxvevaSi politiku<strong>ra</strong>dac, uWerda mxars.<br />
TiToeuli zemoxsenebuli midgoma, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens moqmedebaTa erTobliobas, sadac<br />
naTladaa gansazRvruli, Tu:<br />
<strong>ra</strong>s visaxavT miznad?<br />
<strong>ra</strong> unda gakeTdes am miznis misaRwevad?<br />
<strong>ra</strong> dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Sedegebi moyveba am midgomis ganxorcielebas?<br />
Tavis mxriv, <strong>ra</strong> problemebs warmoSobs aRniSnuli prog<strong>ra</strong>mis realizeba momavalSi?<br />
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke.<br />
45
midgoma midgoma 1 1 - - ~yvela ~yvela korumpirebuli korumpirebuli dasaWeria~<br />
dasaWeria~<br />
<strong>ra</strong>s <strong>ra</strong>s visaxavT visaxavT miznad?<br />
miznad?<br />
korufciis problemisadmi <strong>ra</strong>dikaluri midgoma miznad isaxavs korufciis, rogorc<br />
urTierTobaTa gabatonebuli sistemis, mospobas da misi gamovlinebis maqsimalur Semcirebas<br />
saxelmwifo sistemis yvela struqtu<strong>ra</strong>Si, mTeli qveynis masStabiT, adamianTa uflebebis<br />
darRvevis da libe<strong>ra</strong>luri faseulobebis ignorirebis xarjze. aRniSnulis sailust<strong>ra</strong>ciod<br />
gamodgeba totalitaruli reJimebis, bolSevikuri ruseTisa da nacisturi germaniis magaliTi,<br />
sadac, swored mZlavri represiuli apa<strong>ra</strong>tis moqmedebis wyalobiT, korufciis gamovlinebebi<br />
iSviaTobas warmoadgenda.<br />
korufcia srulad a<strong>ra</strong>sdros ar aRmoifxvreba. <strong>ra</strong> Tqma unda, korufcias sazogadoebisTvis ziani<br />
moaqvs - igi qmnis “socialur (zedmet) xarjebs”, mag<strong>ra</strong>m isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom korufciis<br />
damarcxeba, SesaZloa, Zalze Zviri dagvijdes. amitom aucilebelia, rom am ori danaxarjis<br />
dabalanseba SevZloT. <strong>ra</strong> Tqma unda korufciuli qmedebebis Semcirebis Sedegad Semcirdeba<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>nsaqciuli danaxarjebis (martivad rom vTqvaT, moparuli fulis) odenoba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
korufciasTan brZola TavisTavad Sesabamisi uwyebebis da saqmianobebis dafinansebas gulisxmobs,<br />
<strong>ra</strong>c sakmaod Zviri SeiZleba dajdes. aqedan gamomdinare, umetes SemTxvevaSi minimaluri, gonivruli<br />
xarjis gaweviT korufciuli gamovlinebebis nulamde dayvana a<strong>ra</strong>sodes ar moxdeba.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> unda unda gakeTdes?<br />
gakeTdes?<br />
Camoyalibdes mTavari Semfasebeli - mivaRwioT damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemis Sehqmnas.<br />
gamkacrdes kontrolis meqanizmebi, kanonmdebloba da gaZlierdnen korufciasTan<br />
mebrZoli saxelmwifo struqturebi.<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si gaZlierdes kanonmorCilebis grZnoba da SiSi sasjelis winaSe; waxalisebuli<br />
iqnes korumpirebulebis “CamSveb” informtorTa saqmianoba.<br />
unda gaizardos penitencialuri sistema, aSendes axali cixeebi aTasobiT patimris<br />
misaRebad.<br />
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa dadebiTi dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
moxdeba dapatimrebul korumpirebulTa qonebis eqspropriacia da es resursebi Raribebis<br />
(igulisxme: a<strong>ra</strong>korumpirebuli, patiosani adamianebis) cxovrebis donis asamaRleblad<br />
iqneba mimarTuli.<br />
46
yvelas, da gansakuTrebiT korumpirebul moxeleebs, gauCndebaT kanonmorCilebis grZnoba,<br />
vinaidan danaSaulze reagireba mkacri, mZime da sw<strong>ra</strong>fi iqneba.<br />
xeli Seewyoba socialuri samarTlianobis principis damkvidrebas - yvela dainaxavs, rom<br />
danaSauli a<strong>ra</strong>vis SerCeba da samarTlianoba yovelTvis izeimebs.<br />
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
korufciasTan brZolis es meTodi gulisxmobs did xarjebs (<strong>ra</strong>c damsjeli manqanis<br />
Sesanaxad iqneba saWiro) da, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo resursebis did danakargebs.<br />
iqmneba “sazogadoebrivi ubedurebis atmosfero” - adamianebi veRar grZnoben Tavs<br />
daculad, <strong>ra</strong>dgan ar ician, vin rodis daasmens an daiWers, samarTlianad Tu usamarTlod.<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>swori mimarTulebiT warimarTeba moxeleebisa, Tu rigiTi moqalaqeebis energia, amasTan<br />
iqmneba ufro didi korufciis warmoSobis saSiSroeba (rogorc wesi, axali Cinovnikis<br />
mosyidva ufro Zviri jdeba).<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>stabiluri garemo gamoiwvevs saerTaSoriso investiciebis Semcirebas an Sewyvetas.<br />
izrdeba a<strong>ra</strong>produqtiuli, an politikuri angariSsworebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli<br />
prevenciuli zomebis gatarebis safrTxe.<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si gabatondeba sayovelTao gaucxoeba da cinizmi, “CaSveba” miiRebs<br />
yoveldRiur xasiaTs.<br />
momavali momavali problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
Zveli, sruliad korumpirebuli, biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiis, rogorc socialuri fenis, likvidaciis<br />
(neit<strong>ra</strong>lizaciis) Semdeg dadgeba axali, kvalificiuri kadrebis aRzrdis sakiTxi, manamde ki<br />
unda SevurigdeT, SesaZloa patiosan, mag<strong>ra</strong>m dabalkvlificiur da a<strong>ra</strong>kompetentur sajaro<br />
moxeleTa arsebobas, <strong>ra</strong>c a<strong>ra</strong>nakleb damangrevel zegavlenas moaxdens saxelmwifoze.<br />
midgoma midgoma 2 2 - - ~daviwyoT ~daviwyoT sufTa sufTa furclidan~<br />
furclidan~<br />
<strong>ra</strong>s <strong>ra</strong>s visaxavT visaxavT visaxavT miznad?<br />
miznad?<br />
sistemuri korufciiT dazianebuli saxelmwifo sistemis reformirebisas ar xdeba Zveli<br />
biurok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli apa<strong>ra</strong>tis sruli demontaJi. politikuri realoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom moxdes<br />
47
xelisuflebis mSvidobiani gziT gadacema Zveli xelisuflebis survilis miuxedavad (da<br />
SesaZloa, maTive Cumi TanxmobiT, usafrTxoebis ga<strong>ra</strong>ntiebis miRebis sanacvlod). a<strong>ra</strong>realuria,<br />
rom is, visac maRali Tanamdeboba ekava, ub<strong>ra</strong>lod mSvidobinad gadges gverdze, icis <strong>ra</strong>, rom<br />
mas realuri safrTxe emuqreba. saWiroa garkveuli xarisxis urTierTgageba da urTierTdaTmoba<br />
xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris (igulisxmeba a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod politikuri partiebi, a<strong>ra</strong>med<br />
ukmayofilo sazogadoebrivi interesTa jgufebi). kidev ufro Znelia politikuri nebis<br />
gamovlena, <strong>ra</strong>Ta aRmoifxv<strong>ra</strong>s korufcia xelisuflebis zeda eSelonebSi. kleptomania<br />
(gauTviTcnobierebeli midrekileba qurdobisadmi) sul ufro da ufro gavrcelebuli movlena<br />
xdeba. bevri yvelaze korumpirebuli politikuri moRvawe Tu saxelmwifo moxele, romelsac<br />
isedac bevri fuli aqvs, midrekilia ufro meti fulis mosapoveblad. unda moxdes maTi<br />
darwmuneba, rom maT epatiebaT Zveli codvebi, Tu wertils dausvamen korumpirebul<br />
saqmianobas da moparuli saxsrebis nawils mainc moaxmaren qveyanas, sazogadoebisa da sakuTari<br />
Tavis sakeTildReod.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> unda unda unda gakeTdes?<br />
gakeTdes?<br />
gakeTdes?<br />
momzaddes da cxovrebaSi gatardes sayovelTao amnistia, romelic, loialobis sanacvlod,<br />
yvelas apatiebs Zvel korufciul danaSauls.<br />
unda ganxorcieldes nawilobrivi sakadro cvlilebebi, xolo Zvel (Tundac korumpirebul)<br />
moxeleebs unda mieceT xelSeuxeblobis ga<strong>ra</strong>ntia, Tu isini uars ityvian sakuTari<br />
resursebis sazogadoebis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebaze.<br />
unda moxdes dafaruli Semosavlebis legalizacia (“gaTeTreba”), <strong>ra</strong>c gamoiwvevs damaluli<br />
rezervebis qveynis sakeTildReod amoqmedebasa da sagadasaxado bazis gafarToebas axali<br />
fiskaluri politikis meSveobiT.<br />
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
gaqreba calkeul pirovnebebze zewolis safrTxe saxelmwifos mxridan da moqalaqeebSi<br />
gaizrdeba usafrTxoebisa da daculobis grZnoba.<br />
didi odenobiT dafaruli Tanxebis legalizacia ekonomikis zrdis tempis daCqarebasa da<br />
Sedegad (axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis gziT) mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebas<br />
gamoiwvevs.<br />
Seiqmneba korufciasTan brZolis libe<strong>ra</strong>luri meTodebis aprobirebis asparezi da<br />
moxdeba axali cxovrebis wesis damkvidreba didi socialuri da politikuri<br />
kataklizmebis gareSe.<br />
48
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si moxdeba socialuri samarTlianobis grZnobis Sesusteba (“Tavis droze<br />
moipares, cxovreba moiwyves da yvelaferi SerCaT”).<br />
mosalodnelia sabotaJis SemTxvevebi im moxeleTa mxridan, vinc “sarfian” saqmes<br />
Camoaciles. Seiqmneba “mexuTe kolona”, romelsac qveynis a<strong>ra</strong>keTilismsurvelni<br />
gamoiyeneben.<br />
situaciis politizaciidn gamomdinare, xSir SemTxvevaSi moxdeba resursebis gadanawileba<br />
axali xelisuflebis da misi mxardamWeri politikuri Tu ekonomikuri elitis<br />
warmomadgenlebze, <strong>ra</strong>c warmoSobs axal monopoliebs, da Sesabamisad, gazrdis axali<br />
korufciis safrTxes.<br />
momavali momavali problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
sakmaod gaZneldeba mosaxleobaSi konsensusis miRweva: patiosani adamianebi Tavs daCagrulad<br />
igrZnoben da <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si yovelTvis iqneba cduneba moiparo, <strong>ra</strong>dgan Senc SeiZleba<br />
yvelaferi gepatios. Sesustdeba sazogadoebis mo<strong>ra</strong>luri poziciebi.<br />
midgoma midgoma midgoma 3 3 - - ~patiosnebis ~patiosnebis ~patiosnebis kunZulebi~<br />
kunZulebi~<br />
<strong>ra</strong>s <strong>ra</strong>s visaxavT visaxavT visaxavT miznad?<br />
miznad?<br />
korufcia imdenadaa modebuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi, rom SeuZlebelia<br />
misi erTi xelis dakvriT amoZirkva, amisaTvis arc adamianuri resursebia sakmarisi, arc droiTi<br />
da arc finansuri. swored amitom ar unda SevecadoT SeuZleblis miRwevas. codvebisagan<br />
erTbaSad da mTlianad ganwmendis mcdelobas, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, mxolod damatebiTi<br />
winaaRmdegobebis warmoqmnamde mivyavarT. mniSvnelovania ganvsazRvroT, romel sferoebSi<br />
mogvcemen reformebi saukeTeso Sedegebs, da maTze gavakeToT ZiriTad ZalTa koncentrireba.<br />
<strong>ra</strong>mdenime, farTod reklamirebuli, “sw<strong>ra</strong>fi gamarjveba” ufro mets niSnavs, vidre<br />
ukeTesobisken ub<strong>ra</strong>lo cvlileba; aseTi gamarjvebebi naTlad aCveneben <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s, rom<br />
cvlilebebi realu<strong>ra</strong>d mimdinareobs momxmareblis sasargeblod. es ki imis saSualebas iZleva,<br />
rom Semcirdes sazogadoebis SiSi reformebis winaSe. darwmundebian <strong>ra</strong>, rom wesebi Seicvala<br />
da axla patiosneba fasdeba, adamianebi reformatorebs gayvebian, <strong>ra</strong>c, momavalSi, korufciis<br />
donis maqsimalur Semcirebamde migviyvans.<br />
49
a <strong>ra</strong> unda unda gakeTdes?<br />
gakeTdes?<br />
moxdes pirveli rigis reformirebisaTvis gankuTvnil sferoTa gamoyofa.<br />
sawyis etapze, sakadro cvlilebebi mxolod SerCeul sferoebSi ganxorcieldes.<br />
SemuSavdes eTikis kodeqsi (qcevis normebi), romelic ama Tu im sfroSi realu<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
amoqmeddeba.<br />
SerCeul sferoebSi Sida kontrolis meqanizmebis gamkacreba unda ganxorcieldes.<br />
sxva (korumpirebul) sferoebTan urTierTobisas (am uknasknelTa mxridan zewolis Tavidan<br />
acilebis miziT), gaizardos damoukidebeli antikorufciuli struqturis, rogorc<br />
mediatoris da patiosnebis kunZulis usafrTxoebis ga<strong>ra</strong>ntis roli.<br />
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
moxdeba sistemuri, sayovelTao korufciuli arealis TandaTanobiTi ga<strong>ra</strong>ntirebuli<br />
Semcireba.<br />
moxdeba “patiosnebis kunZulebze” miRebuli gamocdilebis, iseve rogorc warmoqmnili<br />
adamianuri Tu materialuri resursebis gamoyeneba sxva sferoebis reformirebis procesSi.<br />
qmedebaTa qmedebaTa uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi:<br />
mxareebi:<br />
sferoebisTvis prioritetebis miniWeba da danawevrebuli reformebi cvilebebis<br />
ganxorcielebis droSi gawelvas gamoiwvevs.<br />
arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, rom gare zewolis Sedegad korufciis “okeanem” walekos<br />
“patiosnebis kunZulebi”.<br />
momavali momavali problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
perspeqtivaSi Tavs iCens sazogadoebis gaxleCa da moxdeba gansxvavebuli mentalobis<br />
mqone sazogadoebriv jgufTa dapirispireba, vinaidan droTa ganmavlobaSi gaCndeba bzari<br />
“kunZulelTa” patiosan da korumpirebuli um<strong>ra</strong>vlesobis a<strong>ra</strong>patiosan qcevis normebs<br />
Soris.<br />
forumTa monawileebs gansjisaTvis SevTavazeT sxva midgomebis ganxilvac im SemTxvevisaTvis,<br />
Tu maTi azriT, am sami meTodidan arc erTi ar moitanda sasurvel Sedegs. qvemoT moyvanili<br />
kiTxebi magaliTis saxiT iqna SeTavazebuli:<br />
50
Cven ZirZveli eri, RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana varT da xelis ganZreva ar gvWirdeba,<br />
RmerTi gadagvarCens.<br />
Cven yvelaze cudebi varT msoflioSi, amitom a<strong>ra</strong>feri gveSveleba.<br />
<strong>ra</strong>s vwvalobT tyuilad, evropas 100 wlis mere Tu daveweviT, isic saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi.<br />
Cveni mxridan a<strong>ra</strong>viTari qmedeba a<strong>ra</strong>a saWiro, yvelafers sabazro urTierTobebi<br />
daaregulirebs.<br />
erma unda iwamos RmerTi, TiToeuli moiqces ise, rogorc saWiroa da yvelaferi<br />
gamoswordeba.<br />
miSas vendoT, xom avirCieT da gavyveT, is gadagvarCens.<br />
saWiroa xalxis ganaTleba, yvelam unda Seignos, rom patiosneba sjobia usindisobas.<br />
sazogadoebis politikuri kultu<strong>ra</strong> unda avamaRloT da yvelaferi mogvardeba.<br />
Zlieri xeli gvinda - axali daviT aRmaSenebeli, an Tundac stalini da yvelaferi kargad<br />
iqneba.<br />
TiToeul damswres SeeZlo daesaxelebina sxva gzac, romelic maTi azriT, yvelaze<br />
gamarTlebuli iqneba saqarTveloSi.<br />
51
forumebze gamoTqmuli<br />
mosazrebebi<br />
saqarTvelos 8 qalaqSi gamarTulma 15 sajaro forumma gamokveTa a<strong>ra</strong> mxolod sazogadoebis<br />
didi daintereseba aRniSnuli problematikiT, a<strong>ra</strong>med calkeul monawileTa mier gamoTqmuli<br />
metad saintereso Sexedulebebi.<br />
samwuxarod, gamocemis formati ar iZleva yvela im mosazrebis sruli saxiT warmodgenis<br />
saSualebas, romelic, saerTo jamSi, forumebis mimdinareobis 50 saaTis manZilze gamoiTqva,<br />
mag<strong>ra</strong>m Cven SevecdebiT Tezisebis saxiT CamovayaliboT moqalaqeTa mier warmodgenili Zireuli<br />
xedvebi.<br />
forumis formatidan gamomdinare, monawileebi TavianT poziciebs <strong>ra</strong>mdenime mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxis garSemo afiqsirebdnen. es sakiTxebi SeiZleba sam blokad dajgufdes:<br />
moqalaqeTa pi<strong>ra</strong>di Sexeba korufciasTan,<br />
warmodgenili modelebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi,<br />
saqarTvelosTvis gamosadegi modelis SerCeva.<br />
moqalaqe moqalaqe da da korufciuli korufciuli garemo<br />
garemo<br />
zogadi zogadi zogadi zogadi zogadi xasiaTis xasiaTis xasiaTis xasiaTis xasiaTis problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
problemebi<br />
sanam realuri saarsebo minimumi ar eqneba adamians, a<strong>ra</strong>vin ar ifiqrebs korufciasTan<br />
seriozul brZolaze;<br />
is adamianebi, visTanac erTadac vibrZodiT, axla xelisuflebis saTaveSi dganan da maTi<br />
nawili Tavad aris korumpirebuli - isini ufro profesiulad muSaoben da korufcia ufro<br />
maRal doneze aiyvanes;<br />
samwuxaroa, rom didi xelfasis mqone Cinovniks apatimreben qrTamis aRebis gamo da aq<br />
saubari ar aris 100 larze;<br />
rodesac biznesmeni acxadebs: me saxelmwifos specfondebSi amdeni fuli Sevitane da minda<br />
gavigo, sad wavida es Tanxao, es Zneli asaxsneli xdeba. korufcia modis im xalxisgan,<br />
romelsac a<strong>ra</strong>sodes ucxovria 20-30 larze;<br />
52
moxda politikuri revolucia, mag<strong>ra</strong>m socialuri revolucia ar momxda<strong>ra</strong> - axali klasi,<br />
fena ar Seqmnila. vis xelSic iyo materialur-finansuri resursebi, isev ise darCa<br />
yvelaferi. sanam ar Camoyalibdeba saSualo klasi, manam a<strong>ra</strong>feri Seicvleba;<br />
korufciasTan realuri brZolisaTvis erTi <strong>ra</strong>maa saWiro - sasamarTlo. sanam ar arsebobs<br />
damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, a<strong>ra</strong>feri Seicvleba.<br />
saxelmwifo ver axerxebs tenderebis ise Catarebas, rom eWvebi ar daibados. a<strong>ra</strong>da kanonSi<br />
Zalian kargad weria, rodis unda awarmoo molapa<strong>ra</strong>kebebi da <strong>ra</strong> dros gamoacxado tenderi;<br />
korufcia, esaa cnobierebis problema da a<strong>ra</strong> marto fulis gadaxda. ar arsebobs kanonis<br />
uzenaesoba. mTavrobaSic da sazodgadoebaSic m<strong>ra</strong>vali adamiania, romlebic kanons arRvevs<br />
yvela mimarTulebiT;<br />
garemo qmnis korufciul situacias. garemos ki qmnis moqmedi kanonmdebloba.<br />
winaaRmdegobrivia TviTon situacia, amitom Cven yvelani Cafluli varT am yvelaferSi.<br />
sajaro sajaro sajaro sajaro sajaro samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
sayofacxovrebo doneze korufcias yovel wuTSi SevjaxebivarT. sajaro dawesebulebebSi<br />
iolad Semogapareben zedmet gadasaxads da Tu argumentirebulad mosTxov gadasaxadis<br />
safuZvels, SegeSvebian;<br />
sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi 12% gadasaxads axdevineben asobiT moqalaqes, romelsac wesiT<br />
ar ekuTvnis amis gadaxda. am dros ki, finansTa ministri dResac WoWmanobs, moxsnas Tu a<strong>ra</strong><br />
erT-erTi sammarTvelos ufrosi.<br />
sagadasaxado sagadasaxado sagadasaxado sagadasaxado sagadasaxado samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
samsaxuri<br />
saxelmwifo atarebs iseT sagadasaxado politikas, rom sawarmo iZulebulia monaxos<br />
sxvadasxva gzebi, <strong>ra</strong>Ta arseboba SeinarCunos;<br />
arsebobs ucxoeTSi fulis gadaqaCvis oligarqiuli sqemebi, romlis monitoringi mTavrobas<br />
jer ar ganuxorcielebia;<br />
calke unda dafiqsirdes manqanis ganbaJebasTan dakavSirebuli, kanonSi arsebuli kuriozebi;<br />
arsebobda fondebi (jaris, policiis, proku<strong>ra</strong>turis, prezidentis sarezervo). a<strong>ra</strong>vin<br />
iTvlis am fuls: <strong>ra</strong>mdeni Sevida - kidev Cans, mag<strong>ra</strong>m <strong>ra</strong>mdeni gamovida - kacma ar icis.<br />
Sematanine fuli biujetSi, rom me vicode, sad wavida es fuli. mag<strong>ra</strong>m fuli imis xelSia, vis<br />
xelSicaa kanoni. a<strong>ra</strong>da, meSinia xmis amoRebis - damiWeren, an Cems Svilebs Seexebian;<br />
53
Cveni organizacia gadmovida soxumidan. maSin yvela, prezidentis CaTvliT, Segvpirda<br />
gadasaxadebidan gaTavisuflebas, oRond xalxi daasaqmeTo. 220 kacamde gvyavda<br />
dasaqmebuli. xelfasebi iyo, produqcias vqmnidiT. gvamowmebdnen, daericxa sawarmos<br />
gadauxdeli Tanxebi. gveubnebodnen formalobaao - kanoni ar arsebobda, mainc gavakeTeT<br />
Cvenive sisuleliT restruqturizacia - patiosnad moviqeciT, a<strong>ra</strong>da, “sul <strong>ra</strong>Rac” 10000<br />
dolari rom migveca qrTami, a<strong>ra</strong>feri mogvividoda.<br />
adgilobrivi adgilobrivi adgilobrivi adgilobrivi adgilobrivi biujeti biujeti biujeti biujeti biujeti<br />
umjobesia vimsjeloT a<strong>ra</strong> korufcioner Cinovnikebze, a<strong>ra</strong>med meqanizmebze. Zalian bevria<br />
korufciis SemTxvevebi, Tundac TviTmmarTvelobaSi. informacias malaven, ar iZleva<br />
sajaro informaciis gamcemi piri da Tan, Tu moviTxoveT - “intriganebad” gvnaTlaven;<br />
sabiujeto saxsrebis gamoyofisas pirdapir wilebzea saubari: rodesac wlis biujeti dgindeba,<br />
ukve cnobilia, <strong>ra</strong>mdeni midis TbilisSi “levad”, <strong>ra</strong>mdeni “tydeba” adgilze da <strong>ra</strong> midis xazinaSi;<br />
TviTmmarTvelobebi rogor tenderebsac atareben, qveyanam icis.<br />
pasporti pasporti pasporti pasporti pasporti da da da da da pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis mowmoba mowmoba mowmoba mowmoba mowmoba<br />
sapasporto magidaSi momiwia korufciasTan Sejaxebam. sakmao za<strong>ra</strong>li ganvicade, Tundac<br />
mo<strong>ra</strong>luri, Sedegad Cemi Svili ver wavida konferenciaze;<br />
pi<strong>ra</strong>dobis mowmobaSi mTxoves 10 laris gadaxda. ar gadavixade, da momces erTi wlis vadiT<br />
mxolod (es SevamCnie mxolod 2 wlis mere, rodesac <strong>ra</strong>RacaSi damWirda);<br />
marTvis uflebis aRebisas gvari Camiweres SecdomiT da Semdeg maxdevines jarimebi.<br />
Secvlaze uari miTxres: mTels saqarTvelos ase a<strong>ra</strong>swo<strong>ra</strong>d uweriao da Cven rom advilad<br />
gamogisworoT, yvela mogvadgebao.<br />
moqalaqeebi situaciasTan gamklavebisaTvis yvelaze iol <strong>gzas</strong> xedaven qveynidan gasvlaSi.<br />
3500 evros ixdian, rom wavidnen, da maT atyueben. korufciis sami donea saxeze: xalxi mZRols<br />
uxdis fuls, is - mesazRvres; meore donea kerZo firmebi; da bolos - saelCoebi.<br />
policia policia policia policia policia<br />
revoluciis Semdeg miRwevebi aris, ar SeiZleba amaze Tvalis daxuWva. prevenciulma<br />
RonisZiebebma gamoiRo Sedegi. korufciis erT-erTi wyaro, danaSaulis dafarvis instituti<br />
54
p<strong>ra</strong>qtikulad nulamdea dayvanili. <strong>ra</strong> Tqma unda, korufcia axlac arsebobs, faqtebi axlac<br />
dafiqsirda, mag<strong>ra</strong>m mdgomareoba SedarebiT ukeTesia;<br />
zogjer, yvela dokumenti saxezea da mainc gajarimeben;<br />
samarTaldamcav organoebSi mimicia fuli, rom konkretuli adamiani gaeTavisuflebinaT;<br />
mezobeli iyo daWerili, ver umtkicebdnen danaSauls. iyo zewola ojaxze, rom fulis<br />
gadaxdis SemTxvevaSi gamouSvebdnen sasamarTlo darbazidan. fuli ver gadaixades da axla<br />
es pirovneba zis daumtkicebeli, dausabuTebeli b<strong>ra</strong>ldebis gamo;<br />
Sevsulvar policiasTan garigebaSi, <strong>ra</strong>dgan sxva gamosavali CemTvis ar dautovebiaT;<br />
bevr adamians sTxoven Tanxas Zalovan struqturebSi. moqalaqes urCevnia, rom iolad<br />
moagvaros situacia da Sevides garigebaSi, vidre kanonis farglebSi gaakeTos saqme;<br />
sapatrulo policia xSi<strong>ra</strong>d scodavs a<strong>ra</strong>swo<strong>ra</strong>d Sedgenili oqmebiT, itoveben mobilurebs,<br />
manqanebs.<br />
ganaTlebis ganaTlebis ganaTlebis ganaTlebis ganaTlebis sistema sistema sistema sistema sistema<br />
erT-erTi mTavari mizezi korufciis maRali donisa isaa, rom universitetebSi muSaobs<br />
xalxi, romlebisTvisac korufcia cxovrebis wesia;<br />
me vmuSaob universitetSi, mag<strong>ra</strong>m iZulebuli var rom vimuSao sajaro samsaxurSic, <strong>ra</strong>dgan<br />
sxvagva<strong>ra</strong>d SeuZlebelia;<br />
saswavlo dawesebulebaSi vkiTxulob leqciebs. zarmaci studentebi Tavad gTavazoben<br />
garigebas: gadavixdi amdens da amdens da CaTvla damiwereo;<br />
universitetSi korufcia arsebobda revoluciamde. axla fuls ar iReben, mag<strong>ra</strong>m xdeba<br />
admaianebis lobireba: unda dauwero amas da amas niSani, <strong>ra</strong>dgan is amis da amis naTesavia.<br />
adre ar viCagrebodi, <strong>ra</strong>dgan fulis gadamxdelebis pa<strong>ra</strong>lelu<strong>ra</strong>d mec viRebdi maRal niSans<br />
sakuTari codniT. axla daviCagre, <strong>ra</strong>dgan kargi niSnebis dawe<strong>ra</strong> SezRudulia. dRe da Rame<br />
vswavlob, xolo viRaceebi saerTod ar dadian leqciebze da iReben niSnebs;<br />
maswavlebels ar SeiZleba hqondes ministrze 30-jer ufro dabali xelfasi;<br />
SarSan ganvaxorcieleT skolamdeli dawesebulebebis monitoringi baRebSi. sasaciloa, 150<br />
baRSi yvelaze metad korumpirebuli iyo is samsaxuri, romelmac mogvca es SekveTa. Sedegi<br />
rom davdeT, Zalian ar moewonaT. erT <strong>ra</strong>ionSi da erT TveSi Sesyidvebis Rirebulebis xarjze<br />
7000 lari iyo sxvaoba (lari da ocis magiv<strong>ra</strong>d iyo miTiTebuli lari da ormoci);<br />
prezidenti CanTebs yidulobs pirvelklaselebisTvis. ganaTlebis saministros arc erTi<br />
Sesyidva tenderiT ar ganuxorcieleblia, is erT pirTan molapa<strong>ra</strong>kebiT akeTebs yvelafers;<br />
55
arc skolebSi Semcirebula korufcia, isev aris fulis dabareba. vauCeris simciris gamo<br />
sawvaviTac ki ver vama<strong>ra</strong>gebT skolebs. es me mexeba rogorc mSobels, rogorc maswavlebels<br />
da rogorc a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenels;<br />
4 studentis yalbi pi<strong>ra</strong>di saqme devs universitetSi. dResac aRZrulia saqme, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
reqtoris gadadgomis meti a<strong>ra</strong>feri momxda<strong>ra</strong>;<br />
wesia, rom leqtorma gamocdaze niSani unda dauweros Tavis naTluls. Txovnaze niSnis<br />
dawe<strong>ra</strong> korufciaa, ma<strong>ra</strong> “patiosania”, <strong>ra</strong>dgan qrTams ar iRebs;<br />
zogjer ganaTlebis sistema gibiZgebs imisken, rom Tanxa gadaixado (gvaswavlidnen yovlad<br />
usargeblo sagans da mere iZulebuls gvxdidnen fuli gadagvexada CaTvlis misaRebad);<br />
studentebsa da leqtorebs Soris vaWroba midis niSnis gamo;<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi xSi<strong>ra</strong>d Tu moswavleebs fulis gadaxda ar SeeuZliaT,<br />
maSin maT maswavleblebisTvis SeSis daCexva, puris fqvilis motana, fizikuri samsaxuris<br />
gaweva evalebaT.<br />
jandacva jandacva jandacva jandacva jandacva da da da da da socuzrunvelyofa<br />
socuzrunvelyofa<br />
socuzrunvelyofa<br />
socuzrunvelyofa<br />
socuzrunvelyofa<br />
myavs poliklinikaSi eqimebi 7 lariani xelfasiT. rogor vuTx<strong>ra</strong>, rom fuli ar aiRon? <strong>ra</strong>s<br />
vuZaxiT korufciasTan brZolas? CinovnikebTan midis garigeba - es <strong>ra</strong> aris? rogor SeiZleba<br />
korufcia ar iyos, rodesac TviTon ministrebma da Cinovnikebma dainiSnes 3000 lari<br />
xelfasi. dakanonebuli xelfasi aqvs, Sen ki geubneba moipareo! me rogor movTxovo pasuxi<br />
eqims? SevardnaZis dros Tu pensia iyo 14 lari, 35 lari iyo sajaro moxeles xelfasi. mTavari<br />
eqimis moadgile var da 23 lari maqvs xelfasi, rogor ar ameRo fuli?<br />
eqims da maswavlebels rom sTxov imuSave da moarCine, da ar aZlev fuls, <strong>ra</strong> unda qnan?<br />
jandacva savsea korufciuli elementebiT. pacienti midis eqimTan, sWirdeba samedicino<br />
momsaxureba. eqimis Sroma imaze meti Rirs, vidre saxelmwifo aZlevs. ope<strong>ra</strong>cia Rirs 1200<br />
lari, amitom istoriaSi akeTeben Canaweris gakeTebas, rom moxda sasw<strong>ra</strong>fo gadaudebeli<br />
SemTxveva da Tavidan irideben gegmier ope<strong>ra</strong>cias. za<strong>ra</strong>ldeba moqalaqe, eqimis interesi da<br />
za<strong>ra</strong>ldeba saxelmwifoc, romelmac Tavidan ar gaiTvaliswina moqalaqeTa interesebi;<br />
megobari daWres, miiyvanes saavadmyofoSi, tyvia Cautoves, gakeres zereled da daiRupa.<br />
es gaakeTes imitom, rom patroni ar hyavda;<br />
socuzrunvelyofaSi kvlav rCeba korufciis faqtebi, pensiis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
“taqsa” 20 laria.<br />
56
eleqtromoma<strong>ra</strong>geba<br />
eleqtromoma<strong>ra</strong>geba<br />
eleqtromoma<strong>ra</strong>geba<br />
eleqtromoma<strong>ra</strong>geba<br />
eleqtromoma<strong>ra</strong>geba<br />
axali tipis qviTrebi mogvitanes: aq miniSnebulia <strong>ra</strong>mdeni iyo gadasaxdeli, <strong>ra</strong>mdeni<br />
gadavixade da <strong>ra</strong>mdeni darCa. minus 50 lari miweria. zedmeti gadagixdia da krediti gaqvso,<br />
miTxres. pensionerebs 60 laris gadasaxadi uweriaT, me kidev, romelic vxarjav<br />
eleqtroenergias, minusi mqonda;<br />
eleqtrokompaniaSi yvela xedavs am korufcias. gadasaxadebi mkvdar sulebze modis, 15<br />
wlis win gardacvlilebze;<br />
individualur gamricxvelianebaSi momTxoves 50 lari. ar mindoda gadaxda imitom, rom ar<br />
mekuTvnoda. ar gadavixade da Suqi ar maqvs;<br />
erTi Tvea Cveni centri blokirebulia Suqis gamo - sasamarTlom miiRo ukanono<br />
gadawyvetileba. kidev gvaqvs saolqo sasamarTlos imedi. proku<strong>ra</strong>tu<strong>ra</strong>, sasamarTlo da<br />
policia aris amaSi damnaSave: “gamoiyvaneT engurhesidano” - gvpasuxoben;<br />
daxarjuli eleqtroenergiis Tanxis gadaxdis dros a<strong>ra</strong>nair qviTrebs ar iZlevian;<br />
ltolvilebs eleqtroenergia gagveTiSa, “levad” SevagroveT 600 lari da Suqic CairTo.<br />
SemoTavazebuli SemoTavazebuli modelebis modelebis dadebiTi dadebiTi da da uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
modeli modeli “yvela “yvela korumpirebuli korumpirebuli dasaWeria” dasaWeria” - - dadebiTi dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
imedi imedi imedi imedi imedi da da da da da samarTlianoba<br />
samarTlianoba<br />
samarTlianoba<br />
samarTlianoba<br />
samarTlianoba<br />
saxelmwifosadmi sazogadoebis ndobis zrda;<br />
socialuri samarTlianoba, kanonTan yvela Tanabaria;<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si gaCndeba imedi, rom danaSauli a<strong>ra</strong>vis SerCeba;<br />
axla cixeebSi yvelis qurdebi sxedan, Tu maT gamouSveben da visac saWiroa daiWeren, adgili<br />
sakmarisze meti iqneba.<br />
magaliTis magaliTis magaliTis magaliTis magaliTis Zala Zala Zala Zala Zala<br />
gaizrdeba kanonisadmi SiSis faqtori, romelic iTamaSebs prevenciul rols;<br />
es iqneba saCvenebeli magaliTi momavali TaobisTvis;<br />
aRmoifxvreba dausjelobis sindromi;<br />
57
sajarod daWe<strong>ra</strong> da gasamarTleba TvalsaCino magaliTisaTvisac da mTavrobis imijisaTvisac<br />
kargia.<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
korufcia aris danaSauli, xolo nebismier normalur saxelmwifoSi danaSauli isjeba;<br />
kanonis uzenaesobas mivaRwevT: daisjeba damnaSave da Semcirdeba danaSauli;<br />
ikargeba korumpirebulebis zegavlena <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>ze;<br />
moxdeba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis gaaqtiureba;<br />
moxdeba samarTaldamcavi struqturebis waxaliseba;<br />
korufcia mxolod mkacri xeliT amoiZirkveba.<br />
sazogadoebis sazogadoebis sazogadoebis sazogadoebis sazogadoebis ganaTleba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
moxdeba mentalitetis cvlileba: mosaxleobis samarTlebrivi kulturis gazrda;<br />
axali faseulobebi Camoyalibdeba saxelmwifoSi, yvelafers daerqmeva Tavis saxeli;<br />
daiwyeba maRali politikuri kulturis winapirobebis Seqmna;<br />
ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri mxare mxare mxare mxare mxare<br />
ukanonod miTvisebuli qoneba daubrundeba <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s. saxezea fiskaluri efeqti:<br />
moparuli saxsrebis dabruneba, biujetis Sevseba, gayinuli xelfasebis gacema;<br />
moxdeba korumpirebuli moxeleebis Canacvleba kompetenturi da patiosani kadrebiT;<br />
gaTavisufldeba samuSao adgilebi;<br />
samuSao adgilebi Seiqmneba cixeebis asaSeneblad;<br />
daWerebi daanaxebs xelisuflebas, rom ase usasrulod ver gagrZeldeba, da rom saWiroa<br />
sxva antikorufciuli politikis SemuSaveba.<br />
modeli modeli modeli “yvela “yvela “yvela korumpirebuli korumpirebuli dasaWeria” dasaWeria” - - uaryofiTi uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
demok<strong>ra</strong>tia demok<strong>ra</strong>tia demok<strong>ra</strong>tia demok<strong>ra</strong>tia demok<strong>ra</strong>tia da da da da da Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si daisadgurebs SiSis da undoblobis sindromi da sayovelTao depresia;<br />
am procesebis gamWvirvaloba eWvs qveSaa;<br />
58
adikalizmi a<strong>ra</strong>a sasikeTo sazogadoebisTvis;<br />
vinaa korumpirebuli - vinc Seqmna es sistema, da vin gaiZulebs amis keTebas, Tu is, vinc<br />
uSualod Cadis danaSauls?<br />
“CaSvebis” institutis deklarireba da waxaliseba damRupvelia qarTuli t<strong>ra</strong>diciebisTvis;<br />
CamSvebis instituti unda Seicvalos b<strong>ra</strong>lmdeblis institutiT, adamianma Riad unda<br />
ganacxados b<strong>ra</strong>ldeba da daasabuTos igi;<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong> daiyofa or dapirispirebul jgufad.<br />
kriteriumebis kriteriumebis kriteriumebis kriteriumebis kriteriumebis a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
cixeebSi adgili ar iqneba: naxevari qveyana korumpirebuli iqneba, meore naxevari - maTi<br />
damWeri da damWeric aRar darCeba bolos;<br />
Znelad aRsasrulebelia, rTulia yvelaze korumpirebulis gamovlena. korufciis<br />
xelSemwyob mizezebTan da faqtorebTan brZola ufro iolia;<br />
rodesac TviTon is, romelmac unda aRasrulos, TviT prezidentic ki, axorcielebs amgvar<br />
qmedebas (prezidentis fondis gadaxarjva), maSin <strong>ra</strong>tom ar viWerT mas?<br />
Tu es procesi realu<strong>ra</strong>d ganxorcielda, maSin TviT xelisufalni aRmoCndebian muqaris<br />
qveS;<br />
ar SeiZleba milionis mompa<strong>ra</strong>vi SevadaroT 10 laris mompa<strong>ra</strong>vs;<br />
samarTaldamcavi organoebi Tavad unda iyvnen mo<strong>ra</strong>lu<strong>ra</strong>d uflebamosilebi daiWiron<br />
korumpirebulebi.<br />
adamianis adamianis adamianis adamianis adamianis uflebebi<br />
uflebebi<br />
uflebebi<br />
uflebebi<br />
uflebebi<br />
am brZolaSi pi<strong>ra</strong>d angariSsworebasac eqneba adgili;<br />
pirdapir eTerSi xalxis daWe<strong>ra</strong> udanaSaulobis prezumfcias arRvevs;<br />
sanam daixveweba meqanizmebi, Zalian bevri tyuilad iqneba daWerili, ase rom Seilaxeba<br />
Zalian bevri adamianis ufleba;<br />
damnaSavis ukan dgas ojaxi, bavSvebi, romlebic Zalian mtkivneulad ganicdian am yvelafers;<br />
gaxSirdeba adamianis konstituciuri, fundamentaluri uflebebis darRvevebi.<br />
politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri politikuri safrTxe safrTxe safrTxe safrTxe safrTxe<br />
xelisuflebas SeuZlia amis gamoyeneba politikuri angariSsworebis mizniT;<br />
59
xelisuflebas uCndeba dausjelobis grZnoba, es gza totalitarizmisken wagviyvans;<br />
mTavroba am <strong>gzas</strong> mxolod qulebis daweris mizniT gamoiyenebs;<br />
aseTnai<strong>ra</strong>d amoRebuli Tanxebi adunebs xelisuflebas;<br />
makontrolebel organoebSi korufciis zrda moxdeba;<br />
banditic rom viyo, saxelmwifos a<strong>ra</strong> aqvs ufleba aseve banditiviT momeqces. saxelmwifom<br />
ar unda gadaaWarbos kanons.<br />
finansebi<br />
finansebi<br />
finansebi<br />
finansebi<br />
finansebi<br />
seriozul xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli, Cven sakmarisi resursi ar gagvaCnia, a<strong>ra</strong>da axali<br />
cixeebis aSeneba xdeba saWiro<br />
fuliani xalxi gaiqceva, qveynidan gava kapitali, investiciebi aRar Semova;<br />
moxdeba saerTaSoriso investiciebis Semcireba a<strong>ra</strong>stabiluri garemos gamo.<br />
uSedegoba<br />
uSedegoba<br />
uSedegoba<br />
uSedegoba<br />
uSedegoba<br />
korufciis aRmofxv<strong>ra</strong> p<strong>ra</strong>qtikulad SeuZlebelia, Tanac mxolod daWerebiT;<br />
am meTodiT Tanxis sruli amoReba mainc ver moxerxdeba (italiaSi mafiis xelSi, sxvadasxva<br />
Sefasebis Tanaxmad, 400-dan 800 miliard evromdea, mTavrobam mxolod 2 miliardis amoReba<br />
SeZlo);<br />
amuSavdeba resocializaciis faqtori - sapyrobiledan gamodis uaresi pirovneba, vidre<br />
Sevida;<br />
Sedegad mxolod korufciis meqanizmebi daixveweba;<br />
mTavari problema aris sasamarTlos damoukideblobis xarisxi da misi patiosneba.<br />
kadrebi kadrebi kadrebi kadrebi kadrebi<br />
korumpirebuli moxele TviTon akeTebda amas, Tu sistema aiZulebda?<br />
vin Seclis korumpirebul Cinovnikebs? ufro korumpirebulebi Tu ufro<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>kompetenturebi?<br />
axali Cinovniki mova, misi “stavka” meti iqneba da korufciis done gaizrdeba;<br />
resursebi ikargeba daWerilTa saxiT (yvela adamiani resursia).<br />
60
modeli modeli “daviwyoT “daviwyoT “daviwyoT sufTa sufTa furclidan” furclidan” - - dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
ufro adamianuri da mo<strong>ra</strong>luri midgomaa;<br />
saxelmwifos humanuri imiji gaizrdeba;<br />
moxdeba ekonomikuri (da SesaZloa, politikuri) lust<strong>ra</strong>cia;<br />
sazogadoebisTvis ufro wyna<strong>ra</strong>d, stresebis gareSe Caivlis yvelaferi, es procesi<br />
revanSistur ganwyobebs ar warmoSobs;<br />
waxaliseba kargia, ufro qmediTia, vidre sasjeli;<br />
vaZlevT axal Sanss korumpirebuls da viRebT misgan ekonomikur sikeTes;<br />
adamianis (m.S. moxeleTa) uflebebi xdeba ufro daculi;<br />
eTanxmeba marTlmadideblur filosofias - mimtevebloba!<br />
nu SevekiTxebiT am xalxs, saidan iSoves pirveli milioni da ase gavagrZeloT;<br />
misaRebia es gza, <strong>ra</strong>dgan udanaSaulobis prezumfcias uwyobs xels;<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong> aRar gaixliCeba, gaZlierdeba konsolidaciis procesi<br />
ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri mxare mxare mxare mxare mxare<br />
fuli Seva biujetSi, moxdeba damaluli Tanxebis legalizacia da aRar gaedineba sazRvargareT;<br />
saxelmwifos eqneba naklebi xarji (omi, Tundac korufciasTan, Zviri Rirs);<br />
iaponiam II msoflio omis Semdeg gamoacxada sayovelTao amnistia, pirobiT: Tu yvela debs<br />
fuls iaponiis ekonomikaSi, epatiebaT Zveli danaSauli. aman kargi Sedegi gamoiRo iaponiis<br />
ekonomikisTvis;<br />
aSS-Si morganebma daiwyes biznesebis udidesi nawili;<br />
saqarTveloSi Seiqmneba saSualo fena;<br />
sainvesticio klimati ufro stabiluri gaxdeba;<br />
fulian kacs unda misce saSualeba Cadges qveynis samsaxurSi da adamianebi daasaqmos.<br />
saxelmwifo ayenebs mas arCevanis winaSe: Sen an atrialeb fuls aq, an giWer.<br />
kanonierebis kanonierebis kanonierebis kanonierebis kanonierebis zrda zrda zrda zrda zrda<br />
kanonierebas uwyobs xels; yovelTvis ufro advilia saxli Tavidan aaSeno, vidre arsebuli<br />
gadaakeTo. ufro mdg<strong>ra</strong>di da saimedoc gamova;<br />
61
legalizebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos aRar eyoleba amdeni kriminali;<br />
Seiqmneba TamaSis axali wesebiT TamaSis SesaZlebloba;<br />
gamoiricxeba subieqturi da tendenciuri midgoma;<br />
moxdeba gadasaxadebis gadaxdis kulturis da mTlianad samarTlebrivi kulturis amaRleba;<br />
arsebul situaciSi es midgoma upi<strong>ra</strong>tesia, <strong>ra</strong>dgan yvela korumpirebulia;<br />
adamianebi, romlebic dasaqmdebian, SeeSvebian a<strong>ra</strong>legalur saqmianobas (mag. kont<strong>ra</strong>bandis<br />
Semotanas). Sedegad darCebian mxolod msxvili kriminalebi da maTi daWe<strong>ra</strong> ufro martivi<br />
da advilia.<br />
saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo saxelmwifo institutebi<br />
institutebi<br />
institutebi<br />
institutebi<br />
institutebi<br />
korumpirebuli Cinovniki CamoSordeba dakavebul Tanamdebobas;<br />
SevinarCunebT Zvel profesionalebs, axali kadrebi aimaRleben kvalifikacias gamocdili<br />
kadris meSveobiT da TandaTanobiTi Canacvleba moxdeba;<br />
saxelmwifos naklebi saqmeebi eqneba st<strong>ra</strong>sburgSi da naklebad mouwevs Tavis marTleba<br />
evrosabWos winaSe;<br />
Seicvleba politikuri koniunqtu<strong>ra</strong>, opozicia ufro gaZlierdeba, <strong>ra</strong>dgan SiSis sindromi<br />
aRar iqneba. Seiqmneba ufro demok<strong>ra</strong>tiuli garemo;<br />
fulic moatanines, Tan dasajes (sazogadoebis TvalSi), Tanac dapatimrebis xarjebi<br />
dazoges, xalxsac humanu<strong>ra</strong>d moeqcnen - es igi yvelaze misaRebi midgomaa;<br />
modeli modeli “daviwyoT “daviwyoT sufTa sufTa furclidan” furclidan” - - uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
ikargeba socialuri samarTlianobis grZnoba <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si (Cemi fuli Wama da SerCa);<br />
Cndeba dausjelobis sindromi: sxvas Tu axla SerCa, mere mec SemrCeba;<br />
danaSaulis cduneba Cndeba patiosan adamianebSi - es midgoma axali korufciuli cdunebis<br />
sawyisi SeiZleba gaxdes;<br />
monaniebis obieqturi forma unda arsebobdes. me <strong>ra</strong> vici, damnaSavem marTla moinania Tu<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>?<br />
Zlierdeba sazogadoebis gaRizianeba da imedgacrueba;<br />
“ar gaTeTrdebis yo<strong>ra</strong>ni”;<br />
62
isev da isev imoqmedebs ormagi standartebi;<br />
moxdeba sazogadoebis gaxleCva.<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
kanoniereba<br />
danaSauli dausjeli darCeba - xdeba danaSaulis dakanoneba. iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT es<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>marTebuli midgomaa - sasjelis zogad-prevenciuli mniSvneloba ar iarsebebs;<br />
simbolu<strong>ra</strong>d mainc unda dafiqsirdes adamianis danaSauli da mere daiwyos sufTa<br />
furclidan;<br />
es iqneba xelisuflebis mxridan kanonis ugulebelyofa;<br />
daiwyeba gadayenebul CinovnikebSi revanSistuli ganwyobebis gaCena da moxdeba socialuri<br />
konfliqtebi;<br />
ar SeiZleba 150 laris gamo Casva adamiani da sxvas milionebi apatio;<br />
am gziT daixveweba korufcia da ufro daxelovnebulebi gaxdebian;<br />
ar SeiZleba garigebebSi Sesvla - unda yvelam agos pasuxi;<br />
SerCeviTi samarTlianoba miuRebelia... amis magaliTia e.w. “saproceso SeTanxmeba”.<br />
institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri garemo garemo garemo garemo garemo<br />
es mo<strong>ra</strong>luri da religiuri midgomaa, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Tu garemo ar iqna iseTi, rom adamianma ar<br />
moiparos, a<strong>ra</strong>feri gamova;<br />
ndoba a<strong>ra</strong>a xelisuflebisadmi, amitomacaa, rom saakaSvilis gamocxadebulma amnistiam ar<br />
imuSava;<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia Cveni qveynis istoriac: Cven ar varT iaponia - dRes Tu daificebs<br />
saqarTvelos “impe<strong>ra</strong>tori”, rom ar wagarTmevT fulso, SemdgomSi kacma ar icis, <strong>ra</strong> moxdeba;<br />
es kursi mosaxleobas umtkicebs saxelmwifos uunarobas;<br />
aseT sistemaSi unda muSaobdes absolutu<strong>ra</strong>d patiosani xalxi, amitom a<strong>ra</strong>realuria;<br />
SeuZlebelia sufTa furclidan dawyeba maSin, rodesac sistema Tavad ar iZleva amis<br />
saSualebas (me ki gadavSli sufTa furcels, mag<strong>ra</strong>m sistemis gasufTaveba ase erTianad<br />
SesaZlebelia?);<br />
gaZlierdeba a<strong>ra</strong>profesionalizmi;<br />
gaizrdeba SantaJis safrTxe, saqmidan CamoSorebuli Cinovniki Seecdeba daaSantaJos isini,<br />
vinc darCa Tanamdebobaze;<br />
63
moxdeba saxelmwifos avtoritetis dacema;<br />
didia sabotaJis safrTxe saqmes CamoSorebuli politikosebis mxridan.<br />
ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri mxare mxare mxare mxare mxare<br />
izrdeba polarizacia Raribebsa da mdidrebs Soris;<br />
es gza Tavisufal konkurencias uSlis xels, sxvadasxva adamianebi a<strong>ra</strong>Tanaswor sastarto<br />
pirobebSi aRmoCndebian;<br />
saxeze iqneba oligarqebTan garigebebis xarjze oligarqiuli ekonomikuri sistemis<br />
Camoyalibeba (10 procenti mdidari da danarCeni Raribi) da avtoritarizmi politikaSi;<br />
gaZlierdeba klanuri jgufebis Camoyalibebis procesi;<br />
moxdeba biujetis Semosavlebis Semcireba;<br />
Zalian cota fuli gaTeTrdeba - bevri damalavs, sulac ar moaxdens mis legalizebas.<br />
modeli modeli - - - “patiosnebis “patiosnebis “patiosnebis kunZulebi” kunZulebi” kunZulebi” - - dadebiTi dadebiTi mxareebi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
Rirebulebebi<br />
sazogadoebisTvis nakleb mtkivneuli procesebi iqneba;<br />
yvelas eZleva Tanabari Sansi, yvelas SeeZleba Tavis Tavi gamoavlinos;<br />
wina planze wamoiwevs patiosneba da adamianis moTxovna - iyos sufTa da patiosani;<br />
Seicvleba sazogadoebis mentaliteti. libe<strong>ra</strong>lizmi axla a<strong>ra</strong>popularulia da aseTi<br />
midgomiT ufro popularuls gavxdiT;<br />
adamianebi darwmundebian, rom patiosneba fasobs da gaizrdeba ndoba xelisuflebisadmi;<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si ar iqneba Suris da dapirispirebis mizezi;<br />
mosaxleoba dainaxavs, rom cvlilebebi SesaZlebelia da ganxorcielebadia;<br />
gaimijneba patiosnebi da korufcionerebi da es dadebiTi movlenaa;<br />
iZleva arCevanis SesaZleblobas (mivdivar im sferoSi, sadac SemiZlia patiosnad vimuSavo).<br />
magaliTi<br />
magaliTi<br />
magaliTi<br />
magaliTi<br />
magaliTi<br />
am kunZulebs eqneba magaliTis Zala: patiosnebis reklamirebas moaxdens da TviTSegnebis<br />
amaRlebas Seuwyobs xels;<br />
64
iZleva gamocdilebas, romlis gamoyeneba sxva dargebSic SeiZleba;<br />
Sedegebi Cndeba sw<strong>ra</strong>fad da isini xilulia, es gamoiwvevs Tanamimdevrebis gaCenas;<br />
es meTodi eTikur normebs Camoayalibebs adamianebSi;<br />
xelisuflebis Zala gamoCndeba mkafiod garkveul sferoebSi (Sedegebi gamoCndeba);<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s gauqreba SiSi reformebis mimarT.<br />
institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri institucionaluri mxare mxare mxare mxare mxare<br />
saxelmwifo ver ibrZolebs yvela frontze, amitom dargobrivi midgoma ufro gaamarTlebs;<br />
moxdeba kanonmdeblobis TandaTanobiTi srulyofa;<br />
moxdeba sakadro resursebis optimizacia da maqsimaluri gamoyeneba (mxedvelobaSia is<br />
resursebi, romlebic axorcieleben reformebs);<br />
SevinarCunebT kvalificiur kadrs da xeli Seewyoba axali ganaTlebuli kadrebis gaCenas;<br />
calkeul sferoebSi ufro arsebobs konkretuli st<strong>ra</strong>tegiebi, es a<strong>ra</strong>a zogadi midgoma;<br />
konkurencias gamoiwvevs saministroebs Soris; kunZulis tituli gardamavali droSasaviT<br />
iqneba;<br />
ufro daCqardeba korufciasTan brZola erT konkretul sferoSi (Tumca zogadad<br />
Seneldeba);<br />
gaaiolebs mTavrobis muSaobas - gaizrdeba misi da sazogadoebis kontroli sxva sferoebze.<br />
sferoebi<br />
sferoebi<br />
sferoebi<br />
sferoebi<br />
sferoebi<br />
unda daiwyos baRidan, skolidan, ganaTlebis sistemidan, mxolod maSin Camoyalibdeba swori<br />
msoflmxedveloba;<br />
qveyanaSi unda Seiqmnas miukerZoebeli arbitri, es unda iyos pirveli kunZuli - sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufleba da sazogadoebis monitoringi;<br />
aseTi seqtori arsebobs: kerZo biznesi, romelic ver itans korufcias. ekonomikis<br />
Tavisufleba amcirebs korufcias;<br />
vcadoT igives gakeTeba finansTa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi;<br />
jandacvis sferoSi Zalian kargad SeiZleba amis ganxorcieleba;<br />
<strong>ra</strong>c meti kunZuli gaCndeba, miT ufro didi Sansia, rom isini korufciis okeaneSi materikad<br />
iqcevian.<br />
65
ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ekonomikuri mxare mxare mxare mxare mxare<br />
resursebis dazogva da mobilizeba ufro advilia, vidre globaluri gardaqmnis SemTxvevaSi<br />
moxdeboda;<br />
resursebis ganawileba moxdeba <strong>ra</strong>cionalu<strong>ra</strong>d, prioritetebis mixedviT;<br />
miiRweva finansuri xelmisawvdomoba (nakleb xarjiani meTodia);<br />
advilad moxdeba resursebs mozidva am sferoebSi (investiciebi gaizrdeba);<br />
patiosnad aRmogxdeba suli;<br />
gaizrdeba adamianTa motivacia.<br />
modeli modeli - - “patiosnebis “patiosnebis kunZulebi” kunZulebi” - - uaryofiTi uaryofiTi mxareebi<br />
mxareebi<br />
uTanasworoba<br />
uTanasworoba<br />
uTanasworoba<br />
uTanasworoba<br />
uTanasworoba<br />
warmoiSoba disbalansi garkveul sferoebs Soris;<br />
SesaZloa Seferxdes sxva sferoebis ganviTareba, Tu resursebi mxolod erTze aris<br />
mimarTuli;<br />
SesaZloa konkretul sferoSi xorcieldebodes, mag<strong>ra</strong>m mTeli qveynis teritoriaze; ar<br />
unda iyos diferencireba centrsa da regions Soris;<br />
sanam erT sferoSi patiosneba isadgurebs, sxva sferoebi Cqaroben <strong>ra</strong>c SeiZleba meti<br />
moiparon - kunZulebis garSemo gaizrdeba korufcia.<br />
usamarTloba<br />
usamarTloba<br />
usamarTloba<br />
usamarTloba<br />
usamarTloba<br />
is, vinc ver moxvdeba “kunZulze”, darCeba ukmayofilo (vinc moaxerxa, patrulSi moewyo<br />
da maRali xelfasi aqvs, me <strong>ra</strong> vqna?)<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong> gaixliCeba, didi protesti iqneba im xalxis mxridan, romelic kunZulebze ar<br />
moxvda;<br />
moxdeba snobizmis warmoqmna “patiosnebis kunZulze” da “saCvenebeli”, anu “piar”<br />
kunZulebis gaCena.<br />
efeqturoba<br />
efeqturoba<br />
efeqturoba<br />
efeqturoba<br />
efeqturoba<br />
reforma droSi gaiweleba da Sedegi dagviandeba;<br />
erTiani politika unda arsebobdes, sfero izolirebulad ver iarsebebs;<br />
66
kunZulebs (sferoebs) Soris komunikacia SeiZleba dairRves;<br />
calkeuli struqturebi ver darCebian sufTebi (“sufTa” patrulma damakava da gadamca<br />
Sesabamis organoebs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m me gadavixade qrTami da gamomiSves);<br />
arsebobs wvrili korufcia da msxvili korufcia. xelisuflebas ar awyobs wvrili korufciis<br />
arseboba, amitom patrulSi mospes is. mag<strong>ra</strong>m msxvil eSelonebSi?<br />
erT sferoSi ganxorcielebulma reformam - erovnulma gamocdebma <strong>ra</strong> gamoiwvia? erT<br />
saganSi bavSvis momzadeba 1000 dolari gaxda. ganaTleba xdeba elitaruli.<br />
naTesauri urTierTobebi xels SeuSlis kunZulebis Seqmnas, izolirebulad xom ar<br />
arseboben kunZulebi?<br />
patiosnebis kunZulze a<strong>ra</strong>saxarbielo faqtebis miCqmalva daiwyeba imijis SenarCunebis<br />
mizniT;<br />
saxelfaso politika unda iyos safuZveli am kunZulebis arsebobisa. 30 lariani<br />
anazRaurebis pirobebSi es ver ganxorcieldeba.<br />
stabiluroba<br />
stabiluroba<br />
stabiluroba<br />
stabiluroba<br />
stabiluroba<br />
damoukideblad kunZulebi ver gaZleben da isini gaqrebian korufciis okeaneSi;<br />
SesaZlo warumatebloba brZolis imijs dascems dabla da <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si<br />
indiferentulobis gaCenas gamoiwvevs;<br />
warmoiSveba sferoTa urTierTmimarTebis problema (rogor amyareben erTmaneTTan<br />
kavSirs? kunZuls marto gemiT Tu miadgebi).<br />
67
forumis Sedegebis Sejameba<br />
calkeuli meTodebis ganxilvis Semdeg forumis monawileebma ganazogades forumis Sedegebi.<br />
maT mier gamoTqmuli daskvnebi Seexeboda rogorc forumis msvlelobas, ise korufciasTan<br />
brZolis saqarTvelosaTvis optimaluri modelis SerCevas.<br />
Cven gavaerTianeT es mosazrebebi Sinaarsobriv jgufebad da aseTi saxiT vTavazobT mkiTxvels.<br />
rogor rogor Seicvala Seicvala TiToeuli TiToeuli Tqvenganis Tqvenganis xedva xedva korufciis korufciis TemasTan<br />
TemasTan<br />
TemasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT?<br />
dakavSirebiT?<br />
me vicodi, rom <strong>ra</strong> azric mqonda, a<strong>ra</strong>sodes Semecvleboda. korufcia aris danaSauli da<br />
unda ebrZolo mas ise, rogorc amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs.<br />
adre vfiqrobdi, rom damnaSave unda daisajos, mag<strong>ra</strong>m am msjelobis Sedegad me vfiqrob,<br />
rom arsebuli situaciidan gamomdinare, es midgoma SeuZlebeli da damRupvelia da<br />
amnistias vuWer mxars. me Semecvala damokidebuleba: a<strong>ra</strong>nairi samarTlebrivi dacvis<br />
meqanizmi am qveyanSi moqalaqes ar gaaCnia, amitom sufTa furceli erTaderTi realuri<br />
midgomaa CvenTan. samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi albaT sxvagva<strong>ra</strong>dac iqneboda SesaZlebeli.<br />
Zalian kargia Tu gavagrZelebT msjelobas, mag<strong>ra</strong>m xelisufleba? <strong>ra</strong>mdenad gaiTvaliswinebs<br />
Cvens azrebs xelisufleba?<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom pirvel midgomas vemxrobodi, axla vxvdebi, rom patiosnebis<br />
kunZulebi ufro momwons.<br />
am Temebze saubari xSi<strong>ra</strong>d mimdinareobda, mag<strong>ra</strong>m modelebi CemTvis ar iyo gamokveTili.<br />
amasTan me davinaxe, rom <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> jer kidev a<strong>ra</strong>a xelCaqneuli, yvelaferi ise a<strong>ra</strong>a,<br />
rogorc undaT rom mogvaCvenon.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> aris aris aris korufciis korufciis mizezi?<br />
mizezi?<br />
samoqalaqo <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> ar arsebobs, kanonebi ar icis xalxma. Cvenc pasiurebi varT.<br />
ubedurebis mTavari mizezi <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> da kultu<strong>ra</strong>a: kultu<strong>ra</strong> qcevisa da sazogadoebrivi<br />
urTierTobebis, saxelmwifo struqturebis kultu<strong>ra</strong>. CineTsa da iaponiaSi sruliad<br />
gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebia, skandinaviSi - sxva. amaze moqmedebs kulturis fenomeni;<br />
68
“pativiscema Cemze iyos” - es ukve zis Cvens kultu<strong>ra</strong>Si;<br />
xalxi gvyavs uwignuri, amitom adamians Tavmoyvareoba aklia, mas ar eSinia, rom <strong>ra</strong>dioSi da<br />
televiziaSi gamoaWeneben, amitom jer xalxi unda gavzardoT, ganvanaTloT;<br />
vinc korufciis winaaRmdeg kanonebs qmnis, anu deputati, Tavad korumpirebulia. mas unda<br />
moexsnas imuniteti da unda gasamarTldes;<br />
TiToeuli Cvengani aris korumpirebuli;<br />
saarsebo minimumi unda iyos imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifo moxelem qrTami ar aiRos;<br />
unda arsebobdes Sesabamisoba uflebebsa da valdebulebebs Soris: valdebulebebi gvaqvs<br />
bevri, uflebebi gvaqvs cota. amis dabalanseba Sinagani kulturis Seqmnas Seuwyobs xels<br />
da kanonis pativiscemis safuZvelsac Seqmnis.<br />
adre mecnierebs gacilebiT maRali xelfasi qondaT, vidre taqsistebs, an gamyidvelebs.<br />
saxelmwifo imTaviTve qmnida xelSemwyob pirobebs korufciisTvis: maT icodnen, rom<br />
mZRoli, mzareuli, gamyidveli danarCen xelfass “Savadac” iSovida, maSin rodesac mecniers<br />
aseTi wyaro ar hqonda;<br />
angariSvaldebulebis vakuumi sazogadoebis winaSe aris udidesi problema korufciis<br />
warmoSobis kuTxiT.<br />
<strong>ra</strong>Si <strong>ra</strong>Si gamoixateba gamoixateba korufciuli korufciuli urTierTobebi?<br />
urTierTobebi?<br />
yvelafris sawyisi arCevnebia, yvelaze meti korufciis elementi mand devs. sanam arCevnebi<br />
samarTlianad ar Catardeba, manam <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si yovelTvis iarsebebs korufcia;<br />
ibadeba axali klanebi, erTi klani icvleba meoreTi, fundamentaluri cvla ki a<strong>ra</strong>, ub<strong>ra</strong>lod<br />
zedapiruli cvla xdeba;<br />
adamiani ar unda iyos waxalisebuli, is unda iyos motivirebuli (Tundac maRali xelfasiT),<br />
rom a<strong>ra</strong>patiosan garigebebSi ar Sevides;<br />
socialuri foni unda gaviTvaliswinoT: sxvadasxva xelfasis mqone adamianebs sxvadasxva<br />
cduneba aqvT: 39 lariani xelfasi da 600 lariani erTi da igivea? xom cxadia, rom 39 lariani<br />
xelfasiT unda moiparo!;<br />
studenti maSin gaxda korumpirebuli, rodesac man 15000 gadaixada mowyobaSi;<br />
magaT <strong>ra</strong> unda gaakeTon, TviTon korumpirebulebi movidnen saxelmwifos saTaveSi;<br />
xalxi Cumdeba, imitom rom icis, rom sazogadoebis azrs ar mieqceva yu<strong>ra</strong>dReba;<br />
mosamarTles zogjer unda, rom kanonTan SesabamisobaSi gamoitanos ganaCeni, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
diqtatu<strong>ra</strong> ar aZlevbs amis saSualebas;<br />
69
arc kerZo seqtori moxsnis korufciis problemas, arc dasaqmeba. mainc arsebobs korufcia<br />
inglisSi, saf<strong>ra</strong>ngeTSi da sxva qveynebSi. versad moigones iseTi principi, romelic mTlian<br />
mogebas miaRebinebda menejers. TviTSegneba unda iyos iseTi, rom xeli Seuwyos<br />
korufciasTan brZolas;<br />
mTeli Tbilisis biujeti korufciulad iqna miRebuli, yayanSi da cema-tyepaSi. a<strong>ra</strong>viTari<br />
proeqti ar arsebobda! da eseni saubroben mZRolebis mier 20 kapikis moparvaze…<br />
xelisuflebas ar gadaudgams <strong>ra</strong>dikaluri nabijebi arc erT midgomis mxriv. arc yvela<br />
korumpirebuli a<strong>ra</strong>a daWerili, da vinc daiWires - ar dasajes. sufTa furcelic ar muSaobs,<br />
arc patiosnebis kunZulebia didad saimedo.<br />
sanam iarsebebs korufciis erTiani jaWvi, saqmes a<strong>ra</strong>feri eSveleba.<br />
rogor rogor vebrZoloT vebrZoloT korufcias?<br />
korufcias?<br />
mcire da saSualo biznesis xelSewyobaa aucilebeli. a<strong>ra</strong>a aucilebeli, rom yvela<br />
saxelisuflebo struqturebSi muSaobdes. <strong>ra</strong>mdenime piris xelSewyoba ar niSnavs dasaqmebis<br />
problemis gadawyvetas. sanam mcire biznesi ar Cadgeba upi<strong>ra</strong>tes mdgomareobaSi, a<strong>ra</strong>feri<br />
ar gveSveleba;<br />
rodesac <strong>ra</strong>Rac modelze vsaubrobT, aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT Cveni qveynis<br />
t<strong>ra</strong>diciebi, istoriuli warsuli, Torem ucxo modelebis brmad gadmotanam, xom vxedavT,<br />
ar gaamarTla;<br />
<strong>ra</strong>c uaryofiTi gvaqvs, yvelafers qarTuli t<strong>ra</strong>dicia <strong>ra</strong>tom davarqviT?<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s ndoba Tu ar eqneba xelisuflebis mimarT, a<strong>ra</strong>nair korufciasTan brZolas ar<br />
eqneba azri;<br />
ufro meti dro da yu<strong>ra</strong>dReba unda daeTmos axalgazrdebs, da aRmzrdelobiT muSaobas;<br />
aucilebelia korufciasTan brZolis dawyeba skolidan, Torem ise qaris wisqvilebs<br />
vebrZviT don kixotebiviT;<br />
mxolod daWerebiT korufciasTan brZola da patrulis Cveneba televiziaSi ar gviSvelis.<br />
gvinda Tu ar gvinda, mainc qurdul t<strong>ra</strong>diciebs vcemT pativs. rogor SeiZleba SeniSvna<br />
mivceT imas, vinc sigareti gadaagdo quCaSi, an rogor SeiZleba narkomani mezoblis CaSveba?<br />
amis Secvla mxolod skolis asakidanaa SesaZlebeli;<br />
yvela unda viyoT kanonmorCilebi da kanonis uzenaesobas vcemdeT pativs, sxvaTa Soris<br />
prezidentidan dawyebuli. yvelam unda daviwyoT muSaoba sakuTar Tavze;<br />
socialuri pirobebis gaumjobeseba - xelfasebis da pensiebis gazrda, esaa wamali;<br />
70
aviRoT ganviTarebuli qveynebi da gamoviyenoT maTi gamocdileba, <strong>ra</strong>tom ar viyenebT?<br />
yvela korumpirebuli SesaZloa a<strong>ra</strong> dasaWeri, mag<strong>ra</strong>m dasasjelia;<br />
korufciasTan brZolis saqmeSi didi roli unda Seasrulos mas mediam;<br />
administrirebiT ve<strong>ra</strong>fers ver miaRwev, Tu sistema ar Seicvala;<br />
axla simarTlis gatana ufro Wirs, vidre SevardnaZis dros. Cveni profkavSiri aris iq,<br />
sadac unda iyos, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Cven cotani varT. samoqalaqo seqtori unda gaaqtiurdes;<br />
kanoni unda vicodeT da unda gvqondes Sesabamisi informacia;<br />
sufTa furclis dro damTavrda ukve 2004 wlis martSi. <strong>ra</strong>c Seexeba sxva meTodebs,<br />
patiosnebis kunZulebiT unda daviwyoT, <strong>ra</strong>dgan pirvel midgomas Zalian didi resursi<br />
dasWirdeba;<br />
me Sinaganad yovelTvis momwonda patiosnebis kunZulebis midgoma, mag<strong>ra</strong>m erT <strong>ra</strong>mes vityvi:<br />
unda moxdes prioritetebis gansazRv<strong>ra</strong>, romeli unda iyos es patiosnebis kunZuli -<br />
patruli, romelic 2 lars ar iRebs quCaSi, Tu sasamarTlo reforma, romlis a<strong>ra</strong>rseboba<br />
did dartymas miayenebs problemas mTlianobaSi. SeRavaTi, anu sufTa furceli,<br />
damnaSavisaTvis unda iyos mxolod maSin, Tu is Cadebs fuls patiosnebis kunZulze.<br />
<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> konkretuli konkretuli nabijebis nabijebis gadadgmaa gadadgmaa gadadgmaa saWiro saWiro korufciasTan korufciasTan brZolis<br />
brZolis<br />
procesSi?<br />
procesSi?<br />
pirvel rigSi unda moxdes sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa da reformebis harmoniulad,<br />
pa<strong>ra</strong>lelu<strong>ra</strong>d warmarTva yvela sferoSi;<br />
daviwyoT a<strong>ra</strong> mTlad sufTa furclidan: moxdes <strong>ra</strong>Rac periodamde daWe<strong>ra</strong> - didi<br />
korumpirebuli adamianebis. Semdeg gadavSaloT furceli da daviwyoT ukve sufTa<br />
furclidan. mag<strong>ra</strong>m ase xom gaakeTes saqarTveloSi, da aRmoCnda, rom xalxs SeeSinda, rom<br />
maT mainc daiWerdnen. amitom Cems TavTan movedi winaaRmdegobaSi, am ori midgomis<br />
Tanxved<strong>ra</strong>c ar gamovida;<br />
yvelaferi unda moergos qveyanas, mis Taviseburebebs. vfiqrob, rom yvelaze misaRebia<br />
patiosnebis kunZulebis idea. upi<strong>ra</strong>tesobas vaniWeb mas, gamomdinare Cveni realobidan, da<br />
Cveni mentalobidan. SeuZlebelia yvelafers erTdroulad ebrZolo. momwons, rom am<br />
mimarTulebiT bevri <strong>ra</strong>m Catarda, Tundac erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi.<br />
korufciis faqtis gamovlena ar niSnavs masTan brZolas. sakanonmdeblo baza ar arsebobs<br />
imisaTvis, rom, magaliTad, ar ixarjebodes sarezervo fondebi ase ganukiTxavad.<br />
TviTmizani a<strong>ra</strong>a korufciasTan brZola, TviTmizani aris misi aRmofxv<strong>ra</strong>. kompleqsuri<br />
brZolaa saWiro: saxelmwifo marTvis swori sistemis Seqmna, srulyofili sakanonmdeblo<br />
71
72<br />
baza Tavis aRmasrulebeli meqanizmebiT da samoqalaqo seqtoris mier sazogadoebis<br />
ganaTleba;<br />
upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba da prezidentis<br />
institutis gauqmeba;<br />
ganaTlebis sistemaSi Sevides specialuri sagani, romelic axsnis korumpirebuli sistemis<br />
Tvisebebs da Seadarebs mas a<strong>ra</strong>korumpirebulTan (aseTi <strong>ra</strong>m italiaSi iyo aprobirebuli);<br />
patiosan adamianebad darCenilebis waxaliseba iqneba dadebiTi magaliTi sxvebisTvis;<br />
gamocdili kadrebi unda gamoviyenoT da ar gavriyoT isini;<br />
antikorufciuli ideologia unda SemuSavdes da moqmedebdes xangrZlivad da erovnul<br />
doneze. magaliTad is faqti rom gavrceldes, rom korufcia maRla swevs bavSvTa<br />
sikvdilianobis dones, es Zalian qmediTi iqneba;<br />
konkretuli nabiji iqneba gamarTuli sakredito sistemis amoqmedeba;<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo seqtorSi arian darCenli adamianebi da Cven unda davamuSaoT seriozuli<br />
samoqmedo gegma, Torem xelisufleba rom a<strong>ra</strong>fris maqnisi a<strong>ra</strong>a, amas Tbil adgilebze<br />
mokalaTebuli umciresobis garda, yvela kargad xedavs. unda gaverTiandeT yvela<br />
samoqalaqo Zala, yvela saSualeba unda vixmaroT da vaiZuloT xelisufleba, rom gadavides<br />
konkretul qmedebebze;<br />
me mainc vuWer mxars pirvel midgomas, <strong>ra</strong>dgan mimaCnia, rom es samarTliani midgomaa. hegels<br />
davesesxebi: kanoni aris iq, sadac aris ukanonoba. korufcia da ukanonoba rom aris, amitomaa<br />
saWiro kanonis amoqmedeba;<br />
saarCevno administ<strong>ra</strong>ciis patiosnebis kunZuli unda Seiqmnas. Tavidanve, xelisuflebaSi<br />
politikosTa mosvlamdea aucilebeli xalxis nebis dacva da dafaseba ;<br />
Seiqmnas sistema, vTqvaT antikorufciuli centri, romelic dakompleqtdeba sul<br />
sxvagva<strong>ra</strong>d, sazogadoebis da a<strong>ra</strong> xelisuflebis mier, da eqneba oficialuri gavlena<br />
proku<strong>ra</strong>tu<strong>ra</strong>ze, sasamarTloze da Ss saministroze.
saboloo saboloo daskvnis daskvnis saxiT saxiT unda unda unda iTqvas iTqvas Semdegi:<br />
Semdegi:<br />
miuxedavad miuxedavad gamoTqmuli gamoTqmuli azrebis azrebis m<strong>ra</strong>valferovnebisa, m<strong>ra</strong>valferovnebisa, forumis forumis monawileTa<br />
monawileTa<br />
absoluturi absoluturi um<strong>ra</strong>vlesoba um<strong>ra</strong>vlesoba afiqsirebda afiqsirebda sam sam mTavar mTavar princips, princips, princips, romelsac romelsac unda<br />
unda<br />
daefuZnos daefuZnos rogorc rogorc korufciasTan korufciasTan brZola, brZola, ise ise saerTod, saerTod, saerTod, politikuri politikuri politikuri procesebi<br />
procesebi<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
prioritetulobis prioritetulobis mixedviT mixedviT es es mosazrebebi mosazrebebi ase ase yalibdeba:<br />
yalibdeba:<br />
1. 1. xelisufleba xelisufleba moqmedebs moqmedebs spontanu<strong>ra</strong>d. spontanu<strong>ra</strong>d. mas mas ar ar gaaCnia gaaCnia gaaCnia konkretuli konkretuli samoqmedo<br />
samoqmedo<br />
gegmebi gegmebi an, an, ukeTes ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, SemTxvevaSi, maT maT umalaven umalaven <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s. <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s. <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>s. aucilebelia aucilebelia erTiani erTiani<br />
erTiani<br />
samoqmedo samoqmedo st<strong>ra</strong>tegiebis, st<strong>ra</strong>tegiebis, Sesabamisi Sesabamisi Sesabamisi koncefciebisa koncefciebisa da da samoqmedo samoqmedo gegmebis<br />
gegmebis<br />
SemuSaveba SemuSaveba da da maTi maTi sajaro sajaro ganxilvebi ganxilvebi <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si met-naklebi met-naklebi met-naklebi konsensusis<br />
konsensusis<br />
miRwevis miRwevis miRwevis mizniT.<br />
mizniT.<br />
2. 2. qveyanaSi qveyanaSi ar ar arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs damoukidebeli damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sasamarTlo sistema, sistema, <strong>ra</strong>c <strong>ra</strong>c saSualebas<br />
saSualebas<br />
aZlevs aZlevs aRmasrulebel aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas, xelisuflebas, xelisuflebas, yovelgvari yovelgvari sasjelis sasjelis SiSis SiSis gareSe, gareSe, gareSe, uxeSad<br />
uxeSad<br />
daarRvios daarRvios moqalaqeTa moqalaqeTa fundamenturi fundamenturi uflebebi. uflebebi. xelisufleba xelisufleba xelisufleba unda unda vaiZuloT,<br />
vaiZuloT,<br />
xeli xeli Seuwyos Seuwyos damoukidebeli damoukidebeli damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sasamarTlo sistemis sistemis Seqmnas, Seqmnas, Seqmnas, romelic romelic romelic saimedod<br />
saimedod<br />
daicavs daicavs moqalaqes moqalaqes nebismieri nebismieri Zalis, Zalis, da da upirveles upirveles yovlisa yovlisa samTavrobo<br />
samTavrobo<br />
struqturebis struqturebis mxridan, mxridan, xelyofisagan.<br />
xelyofisagan.<br />
3. 3. SeuZlebelia, SeuZlebelia, rom rom saqarTvelos saqarTvelos xelisuflebam, xelisuflebam, ise ise rogorc rogorc nebismieri nebismieri sxva sxva<br />
sxva<br />
qveynis xelisuflebam, cent<strong>ra</strong>lizebuli marTvis gziT miaRwios<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis sazogadoebisaTvis xelSesaxeb xelSesaxeb xelSesaxeb Sedegebs. Sedegebs. Sedegebs. realuri realuri warmatebis warmatebis misaRwevad<br />
misaRwevad<br />
aucilebelia aucilebelia ganxorcieldes ganxorcieldes qveynis qveynis realuri realuri decent<strong>ra</strong>lizacia decent<strong>ra</strong>lizacia da<br />
da<br />
dRevandelma dRevandelma politikurma politikurma istebliSmentma istebliSmentma istebliSmentma uari uari ganacxados ganacxados Zalauflebis<br />
Zalauflebis<br />
maqsimaluri maqsimaluri cent<strong>ra</strong>lizciis cent<strong>ra</strong>lizciis dReisaTvis dReisaTvis aRebul aRebul kursze.<br />
kursze.<br />
73
danarTi 1.<br />
amonaridi forumebis<br />
msvlelobidan<br />
forumebze arsebuli atmosferos asaxvis mizniT gTavazobT nawyvetebs sxvadasxva forumze<br />
gamarTuli msjelobebidan.<br />
gori, gori, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 23 23 Tebervali<br />
Tebervali<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: erTi sazomiT yvelasadmi midgoma ar gamodgeba. nemsis da aqlemis qurdi<br />
unda ganvasxvavoT da Semdeg Sesabamisad davsajoT.<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli qali: qali: sazogadoebis TviTganwmenda unda ganxorcieldes…<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: <strong>ra</strong> ganwmendazea lapa<strong>ra</strong>ki, bolo 15 welia, qveyana an xelisuflebis gareSea,<br />
an kidev a<strong>ra</strong>kompetenturi kadrebiT aris dakompleqtebuli. ise, Tu umoqmdobac korufciaa,<br />
maSin mTeli saqarTvelo dasaWeria.<br />
meore meore meore qali: qali:<br />
qali: ise, dRes me Tu ub<strong>ra</strong>lod meubnebian, rom wadi saxlSio, me imdeni maqvs dagrovili,<br />
rom waval, ma <strong>ra</strong>s vizam.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: principis “yvela dasaWerias” gatarebas sWirdeba sistemuri midgoma, ar unda<br />
iyos korufciisdami SerCeviTi damokidebuleba.<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: Cvens realobaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola ver iqneba dazRveuli<br />
politikisagan da represiebis xasiaTi SeiZleba miiRos.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci: mamakaci: aba <strong>ra</strong> sjobia, yvelas mivutevoT? am midgomis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
za<strong>ra</strong>ldeba mTlianad <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> da patiosani adamianebi a<strong>ra</strong>Tanabar sastarto mdgomareobaSi<br />
xvdebian.<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali:<br />
qali: ise me ufro patiosnebis kunZulebis idea momwons. adrec xom arsebobda aseTi<br />
<strong>ra</strong>m, magaliTad monasteri, sadac amqveyniur codvebs ganeridebodi.<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: Tanac es aris libe<strong>ra</strong>luri saSualebebiT <strong>ra</strong>Rac Sedegis miRwevis gza.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: iciT <strong>ra</strong>s getyviT, Tu mase gindaT, wamodiT CemTan. me goris policiaSi<br />
vmuSaob da garSemo iseTi adamianebiT var garSemortymuli, rom marTla “kunZulze” gegoneba<br />
Tavi. Sen mondomeba Tqvi, Tore imisTana gzebs gamovnaxav mag Sen kunZulze, ro…<br />
74
Tbilisi, Tbilisi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 1 1 marti<br />
marti<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali:<br />
qali: ar vici mokled rogor Camovayalibo saTqmeli… me vfiqrob, rom sasjelis<br />
gamkacrebiT Sedegis miRebas xeli ar Seewyoba, vinaidan ar arsebobs kanonis aRsrulebaze<br />
kontroli. romel samarTlianobazea lapa<strong>ra</strong>ki, roca mTel qveyanaSi dRes SiSis sindromia<br />
gamefebuli.<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: dRes CvenSi simarTlis aRsruleba ufro Wirs, vidre SevardnaZis dros.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: qali: aba Tqven <strong>ra</strong> ggoniaT, iolia brZola? erTi mTavrobaSi manaxa Tqveni Tavi, rogor<br />
gaakeTebdiT <strong>ra</strong>mes. korufciasTan brZola galaqtionis leqsiviTaa: “davdgeT iq sadac<br />
qariSxalia”. es <strong>ra</strong>c Seexeba poezias. Tu uSualod konkretikaze gadavalT, mTavrobas xelSewyoba<br />
sWirdeba. mxardaWe<strong>ra</strong> iq, sadac kargi saqme keTdeba da imis koreqtireba, <strong>ra</strong>c a<strong>ra</strong>swo<strong>ra</strong>daa<br />
gakeTebuli. mxarSi unda davudgeT saakaSvils mTeli <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>. mTeli <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>-meTqi.<br />
aq opoziciasac vgulisxmob da a<strong>ra</strong>samTavroboebsac. unda gavzardoT profkavSirebis roli da<br />
funqciebi korufciasTan brZolaSi.<br />
meore meore mamakaci:<br />
mamakaci: mamakaci: yvelafris Tavi da Tavi mainc ekonomikaa. CvenTan ar arsebobs sufTa<br />
ekonomika. naTqvamia, milioners imas nu hkiTxav, pirveli milioni sad iSova, Torem danarCenebze<br />
yvelafers mogiyvebao… a<strong>ra</strong>da sainteresoa gamovarkvioT, saidan iSoves dRevandelma<br />
oligarqebma, dRes rom biznessa da mo<strong>ra</strong>lze erTnai<strong>ra</strong>d gvelapa<strong>ra</strong>kebian, pirveli milioni.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: geTanxmebiT: korufcia zednaSenia, misi safuZveli Crdilovani ekonomikaa.<br />
axalcixe, axalcixe, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 7 7 marti<br />
marti<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: yvela korumpirebulis daWeris SemTxvevaSi, amaRldeba pasuxismgebloba<br />
kanonis winaSe da rusTavelis Segoneba “SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa” realu<strong>ra</strong>d ganxorcieldeba.<br />
momavali Taoba am suliskveTebiT unda aRizardos, <strong>ra</strong>Ta kanonis pativiscema iswavlos.<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: es meTodi totalitarizmis damkvidrebas Seuwyobs xels, arsebobs amis<br />
safrTxe da amas vxedavT realobaSic, antikorufciul talRaze daWerili xalxis magaliTze,<br />
rom xdeba SerCeviTi angariSsworeba.<br />
meore meore qali: qali:<br />
qali: a<strong>ra</strong>marto SerCeviTi, a<strong>ra</strong>med politikuri angariSsworebac, propagandistuli<br />
kompaniis warmoebis mizniT. bevr SemTxvevaSi korufciis brZolis niSniT kanoni da adamianis<br />
uflebebi irRveva.<br />
mesame mesame mesame qali: qali: qali: sufTa furclis principis gamoyeneba CamoaSorebs korumpirebul moxeleebs<br />
samoxeleo saqmianobas da axal samuSao adgilebs Seqmnis.<br />
75
pirveli pirveli pirveli qali: qali: sufTa furceli Sansia, mag<strong>ra</strong>m a<strong>ra</strong> imedi. es gamoiwvevs socialuri<br />
samarTlianobis deficits da xelisuflebisadmi undoblobas, riTac qveynis ganviTarebis<br />
Sansi ispoba.<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: “patiosnebis kunZulebis” principi sjobia, Tan amis swavleba skolidan unda<br />
daiwyos.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: samarTliani arCevnebi korufciis SezRudvis safuZveli unda gaxdes.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe qali: qali: qali: eg Tqveni kunZulis principi socialur usamarTlobas amkvidrebs. Tan ar gamova<br />
Cvens SemTxvevaSi, amisaTvis sakanonmdeblo bazas mniSvnelovani srulyofa sWirdeba.<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: qveyanaSi arsebobs korufciasTan brZolis sababiT bolSevizmis warmoqmnis<br />
saSiSroeba. revoluciis mere korufciuli klanebis axali klanebiT Canacvlebis a<strong>ra</strong>erTi<br />
magaliTi gamomJRavnda.<br />
quTaisi, quTaisi, quTaisi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 10 10 aprili aprili<br />
aprili<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: me Jurnalisti var. vwerdi korufciaze, mag<strong>ra</strong>m davanebe Tavi imitom, rom meSinia,<br />
xelisufleba damsjis me, an Cems Svilebs. amis magaliTebi blomadaa.<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: <strong>ra</strong>Ra Sors mivdivarT, ltolvilebis nebismieri problema korufciasTan<br />
aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: trefikingi? uam<strong>ra</strong>vi SemTxvevebi xdeba, sadac faqtiu<strong>ra</strong>d korufciaa adamianTa<br />
daRupvis mizezi.<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: samarTlis uzenaesobaa yvelafris Tavi da Tavi. korumpirebulebs fuli<br />
mxolod sasamarTlo procesis mere unda movataninoT, windawin garigebiT rom “axeven” fulebs<br />
axali qurdebi Zvelebs, me <strong>ra</strong>. kanoni unda kanonobdes, Torem eduardis jibidan Tu miSikos<br />
jibeSi gadavida fuli, es sadauri wesia.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: qali: marTalia, yvelaferi axlac nacnobobiT keTdeba, daWe<strong>ra</strong>c ki. <strong>ra</strong> lapa<strong>ra</strong>ki unda,<br />
korumpirebulebis SerCeviTi daWe<strong>ra</strong> uaryofiTi movlenaa.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: am biznesmenebsac davakvirdeT. xom viciT, uWkuo kaci fuls ver iSovis,<br />
amitom modi es Wkviani korumpirebuli kacebi gamoviyenoT saxelmwifos sasargeblod.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe qali: qali: sufTa furclis midgoma socialuri usamarTlobis grZnobas daamkvidrebs.<br />
yvelas ar aqvs ufleba sufTa furclidan daiwyos.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci:<br />
mamakaci: mamakaci: patiosnebis kunZulebis, da saerTod maRali motivaciis SenarCuneba<br />
mxolod motivirebuli anazRaurebiT SeiZleba.<br />
76
mexuTe mexuTe qali: qali: ministrebs 3000 lari aqvT xelfasi da mainc ipa<strong>ra</strong>ven. esaa da Rvinis biznesSi<br />
wilio, es kidev ministris Zmis qarxnebiao. unaxavma <strong>ra</strong> naxao, magaTzea naTqvami, dumbaZesi ar<br />
iyos - cal-cali CeqmiT rom movidnen mTavrobaSi. eg Tqveni kunZulebi samoqalaqo<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>ze unda iyos orientirebuli. kontrolis gareSe ndoba ar arsebobs.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: pardon, “okean izvinenii”, mec maTqmevineT oriod sityva!… <strong>ra</strong>zea lapa<strong>ra</strong>ki,<br />
Tavidanve gafuWebulebi varT yvela. SviliSvili Zilis win ar makocninebs, Tu kamfeti ar miveci<br />
qrTamad. ase vzrdiT Taobebs. skolaa da <strong>ra</strong>? korufciis apologia. rwyili da WianWvela ar unda<br />
iswavlebodes skolaSi. mere umaRlesi: yvelaze didi korufcia umaRles saswavleblebSia.<br />
quTaisis universitetSi saSineli korufcia trialebs. axla ar damiwyoT esao da isao. me TviTon<br />
leqtori var da CawyobiTac damiweria niSani da axloblobiTac.<br />
meeqvse meeqvse mamakaci: mamakaci: arsebobs aseTi gamoTqma: Tu ginda Secvalo samyaro, Secvale Seni Tavi. me<br />
Tu davupirispirdebi korufcias, pirvel rigSi sakuTar TavSi unda movaxdino cvlilebebi.<br />
ozurgeTi, ozurgeTi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 12 12 aprili aprili<br />
aprili<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: qali: sanam mTavrobis neba ar iqneba, rom mudmivad ebrZolos korufcias, manamde<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>feri gveSveleba, yovelTvis nacars Semogvayrian TvalebSi.<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: <strong>ra</strong>o? vin unda ebrZoloso? vano me<strong>ra</strong>biSvilis mama guSin, rom a<strong>ra</strong>feri iyo,<br />
dRes jipiT dagrialebs axalcixeSi, <strong>ra</strong> davarqvaT amas? xalxi yvelafers xedavs. <strong>ra</strong> vici? qvisli<br />
myavs iqauri da Cavdivar xolme iq. ise brma ki a<strong>ra</strong> var. <strong>ra</strong>va, iq ro ar wavideT, aq ver vxedavT,<br />
<strong>ra</strong>Sia saqme?<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: dalapa<strong>ra</strong>kebis SiSi gaCnda adamianebs Soris, “nacebma” Tu gagiges, mogWama<br />
Wiri samsaxurma….<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: rogorc ityvian, daniis samefoSi yvelaferi kargad ar aris. Cven<br />
<strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si yvela korumpirebelulia, amitom kiTxva Cndeba, Cven vin gagvasamarTlebs?<br />
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci: mamakaci: <strong>ra</strong>ia, kote gabaSvilis gamosworeba Tu SeiZleba, eduardis win rom daaCoqa<br />
qarTveli xalxi da dRes ki mo<strong>ra</strong>ls gvikiTxavs, maSin yvelafris dajereba da gamosworeba<br />
SeiZleba.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: seriozulad vilapa<strong>ra</strong>koT. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, warmatebebic aris, mxolod<br />
zogan, amaSi geTanxmebiT, ma<strong>ra</strong> erT sferoSi reformis warmateba, meore sferoSi warmatebis<br />
safuZvels xom iZleva?<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: didi mniSvneloba aqvs patiosani moxeleebis fenis Seqmnas, Torem im Sen<br />
patiosnebis kunZuls korufciis okeane walekavs.<br />
77
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci: mamakaci: patiosnebis kunZulebma SeiZleba sazogadoebis gaTiSva gamoiwvios.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: moica. <strong>ra</strong> warmatebebze vlapa<strong>ra</strong>kobT, amixseniT erTi.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: miwis kadastris da sapasporto sistemaSi CvenTan aSka<strong>ra</strong>d gamosworda situacia.<br />
kai biWi gamodga forCxiZe.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: proku<strong>ra</strong>tu<strong>ra</strong>, sasamarTlo da policiis sistema mainc mojadoebul<br />
sistemad darCa.<br />
meeqvse meeqvse mamakaci: mamakaci: sworia. revoluciis Semdgom korumpirebul moxeleTa ricxvi Semcirda,<br />
samagierod ufro maRal eSelonebSi gadainacvla da “stavkebma” ki ise aiwia, rom amisTana arc<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>sodes yofila.<br />
meSvide meSvide mamakaci: mamakaci: aqana kanonis principzea saubari - yvelani daviWiroTo, Torem hitleris<br />
da Con dung hvanis principebze ki a<strong>ra</strong>.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: qali: ise patiosnebis kunZuls naxevarkunZuli xom a<strong>ra</strong> sjobia? nu movwydebiT mTlad<br />
mSobliur, korufciul, qarTul garemos.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: xom ki. frTxilad iyaviT, im kunZulze patiosnebaSi ar amogvxdes suli.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: Tu SeiZleba Cveni mTavroba rom gavagzavnoT im kunZulze?<br />
meSvide meSvide mamakaci: mamakaci: samive midgomis kombinirebis gareSe a<strong>ra</strong>feri ar gamova.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: ise kargi azrebi gaqvT, mag<strong>ra</strong>m mgonia, yvelas miteveba mainc ar gamova. “sufTa<br />
furceli” 2004 wlis martSi damTavrda. xom iyo amnistia. <strong>ra</strong>, axla aRar zis “wilebSi” mTavroba?<br />
meore meore qali: qali:<br />
qali: ki bevri danaSauli iqna Cadenili, mag<strong>ra</strong>m me mainc mgonia, rom xelisuflebas am<br />
samive midgomis resursi ar aqvs amowuruli. mTavaria prioritetebi axla mainc ganisazRvros<br />
swo<strong>ra</strong>d.<br />
baTumi, baTumi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 13 13 aprili<br />
aprili<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: principi yvela dasaWeria savsebiT gamarTlebulia. kanoni ar aris mo<strong>ra</strong>li<br />
amitom arcodna arcodva ar aris. kanoni yvelasaTvis unda aRsruldes da korumpirebulic<br />
kanonma unda dasajos.<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: gaaCnia ganviTarebis <strong>ra</strong> etapzea <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>, amis mixedviT unda moxdes am<br />
midgomis gamoyeneba.<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: aucileblad unda damkvidrdes principi, rom xelSeuxebeli a<strong>ra</strong>vin ar<br />
aris.<br />
78
meore meore qali: qali: gaviTvaliswinoT, rom prevencia ufro advilad gansaxorcielebelia, vidre<br />
yvela korumpirebulis daWe<strong>ra</strong>, <strong>ra</strong>dgan korufciis mtkicebulebebi Zneli mosapovebelia.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: qali: aba <strong>ra</strong> sjobia, yvelas patieba? sufTa furclis principi? xom iciT, rom am midgomis<br />
danergva <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si usamarTlobis SegrZnebas gaamZafrebs<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: yovel SemTxvevaSi es sjobia patiosnebis kunZulis princips. cal-calke<br />
brZola ar gamova. brZolas mTeli armia igebs da a<strong>ra</strong> marto batalioni, amitom am midgomis<br />
danergva Sedegs ar gamoiRebs.<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: marTalia, am midgomis danergviT saerTo Sedegi gvian dadgeba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m mTavaria<br />
ga<strong>ra</strong>ntirebuli Sedegi miviRoT.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: <strong>ra</strong>s lapa<strong>ra</strong>kobT, sazogadoebisadmi diferencirebuli socialuri midgoma<br />
Cndeba. ai magaliTad, me polkovniki var 25 wlis staJiT da 120 lari maqvs xelfasi, guSindel<br />
biWs, patrulis rigiTs ki 400 lari, es samarTalia?<br />
mesame mesame mesame qali: qali: qali: adamiani, romelic erTxel gairyvna fuliT, a<strong>ra</strong>sodes moeSveba amas.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe qali: qali: aucilebulia korumpirebulebis lust<strong>ra</strong>ciis kanonis amoqmedeba, korufcias<br />
ki ar unda aRmovfxv<strong>ra</strong>T, a<strong>ra</strong>med unda SevamciroT.<br />
pirveli pirveli pirveli qali: qali: “yvela dasaWeria” principis danergviT kanonmorCileba gaZlierdeba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m<br />
arqipelagi gulagi gvinda axla Cven?<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali:<br />
qali: aba dRes me Tu ub<strong>ra</strong>lod meubnebian, rom wadi saxlSio, me imdeni maqvs dagrovili,<br />
rom waval, aba <strong>ra</strong>s vizam. diaxac yvela dasaWeria, Tumca amis cxovrebaSi gatarebas sWirdeba<br />
sistemuri xedva, ar unda iyos korufciisdami SerCeviTi damokidebuleba.<br />
meore meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: ki mag<strong>ra</strong>m, Cvens realobaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola ver iqneba<br />
dazRveuli politikisagan da represiebis xasiaTi SeiZleba miiRos.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe qali: qali: <strong>Tavisufali</strong>a is, vinc icis Tu <strong>ra</strong>s akeTebs. am midgomis SemTxvevaSi “sufTa<br />
furceli” aris Sansi korumpirebulisaTvis. am midgomis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi za<strong>ra</strong>ldeba<br />
mTlianad <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> da a<strong>ra</strong>Tanabar sastarto mdgomareobaSi xvdeba.<br />
meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse qali: qali:<br />
qali: patiosnebis kunZulis midgoma st<strong>ra</strong>tegiulad ufro swori mgonia, vidre wina ori…<br />
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci: mamakaci: da ar SeiZleba am kunZulze korufcia Sefaruli saxiT iyos?<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: reforma unda iyos vertikaluri da Tanac brunvadi… seriozulad Tu<br />
vityvi, isaa, rom reforma ar unda gaiTiSos sazogadoebisagan. jer erTi, reformebis avtorebis<br />
Zalaufleba ar unda gadaizardos absolutur ZalauflebaSi, meorec, samive midgoma unda<br />
gaerTiandes da Camoyalibdes axali, meoTxe midgoma, romelic SeZlebisdagva<strong>ra</strong>d gaaerTianebs<br />
yvela midgomis dadebiT aspeqtebs.<br />
79
zugdidi, zugdidi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 4 4 maisi maisi<br />
maisi<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: mamakaci: vsvav kiTxvas, yvela korumpirebuli cixeSia dRes? an revoluciis mere<br />
yvela daiWires?<br />
meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: saxelmwifo diletantebis xelSi aRmoCnda.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: a<strong>ra</strong>feri diletantebi ar arian. korufciam zeda fenebSi aiwia. patruli rom<br />
2 lars aRar gvarTmevs, Tqven sxva xarjebi naxeT. unda ganvasxvavoT elitaruli da<br />
sayofacxovrebo korufcia.<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: ise, gogiCaiSvili rom revoluciamde arkvevda, rogor SeiZina Tavisi qoneba<br />
rCeuliSvilmao. revoluciis mere gogiCaiSvilis SouSi maia rCeuliSvili mTavari gmiria da<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>vin kiTxulobs, <strong>ra</strong> fuls arigebs is moyvaruli biznesmenebisaTvis.<br />
meore meore qali: qali: elitarul korufcias patiosnebis kunZulebi unda davupirispiroT. saqarTveloSi<br />
jerjerobiT mxolod Tavisuflebis kunZulebis midgomam moitana gamarjveba. magaliTisaTvis,<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>samTavroboebSic arian qeciani cxvrebi, mag<strong>ra</strong>m Sss-sTan SedarebiT <strong>ra</strong> mosatania.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: SerCeviTi marTlmsajuleba dasaZ<strong>ra</strong>xia. a<strong>ra</strong>da es a<strong>ra</strong>a axali xelisuflebis kredo?<br />
marto zugdidis bazris karis istoria kma<strong>ra</strong>. ori instanciis sasamarTlom xalxis mxare daiWi<strong>ra</strong>,<br />
ma<strong>ra</strong> kars mainc ar aRebs xelisufleba. xom viciT, visi supermarketis gulisaTvis keTdeba es?<br />
foTi, foTi, 2006 2006 wlis wlis 5 5 maisi<br />
maisi<br />
pirveli pirveli mamakaci: mamakaci: CvenTan korufciasTan brZolis deklarireba xdeba, mag<strong>ra</strong>m ar xdeba<br />
realu<strong>ra</strong>d masTan brZola. dResac vxedavT, rom saqarTveloSi muSaobs fulis gadaqaCvis<br />
sqemebi.<br />
meore meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: maSindeli iusticiis ministris sasamarTlo reformis 10 wliani gamocdileba<br />
korufciis winaaRmdeg “brZolis” naTeli magaliTia.<br />
mesame mesame mamakaci: mamakaci: yvela dasaWeria, aba <strong>ra</strong>.<br />
pirveli pirveli qali: qali: <strong>sazogadoeba</strong> amisTvis ar aris mzad, nemsis qurdi da aqlemis qurdi erTnai<strong>ra</strong>d<br />
ar unda ganvsajoT.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe mamakaci: mamakaci: me “obSiakis” Semgrovebeli viyavi gamgeobaSi winasaarCevno periodebSi.<br />
ori revoluciis momswre var, gamsaxurdiasi da vardebis. ise, ki hgavs erTmaneTs <strong>ra</strong>RaciT.<br />
gamsaxurdias mosvlis mere 6 Tve ar yofila korufcia. mere daiwyo, ma<strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> daiwyo. axla 1,5 Tve<br />
SeCerda yvelaferi, samagierod axla iseTi korufciaa, Cems mters.<br />
80
meore meore qali: qali: qali: vinaa mere damWeri? vinc iWers, is TviTon korumpirebulia.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: ex Svilo, Zalian daeca xelisuflebisadmi ndoba. a<strong>ra</strong>da <strong>ra</strong> imedebi gvqonda,<br />
TbilisSi rom mivrbodiT miSas erT daZaxilze?<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: kanoni qaRaldze darCeba, Tu <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>Si zneobrivi done ar amaRlda.<br />
qurdis da korumpirebulis dasjas, rogorc msoflmxedvelobis dasjas, ise unda mivudgeT.<br />
meeqvse meeqvse mamakaci: mamakaci: korufciuli sistema Tavis TavTan mebrZol d<strong>ra</strong>kons hgavs, romelic Tavis<br />
kuds Wams. arsebobs prezidentis 2005 wlis #377 brZanebuleba antikorufciuli st<strong>ra</strong>tegiis<br />
damtkicebis Sesaxeb. me gekiTxebiT: muSaobs ki igi?<br />
meore meore qali: qali: foTSi marTldeba andaza, “wina kaci ukanas xidiao”. sami meri daiWires zedized.<br />
yvela korufciis b<strong>ra</strong>ldebiT. <strong>ra</strong>d ginda? exlac biujetSi 600.000 lari kulturis sferoSia<br />
Cadebuli da, ar aris gawerili, <strong>ra</strong>Si unda daixarjos.<br />
mesame mesame qali: qali: miSam Tqva, xelisuflebam unda usminoso xalxs, mag<strong>ra</strong>m es ar xdeba dRes -<br />
xelisufleba yrua da brma. sadac SiSia gaCenili, saxelmwifo iq ver iarsebebs.<br />
mexuTe mexuTe mamakaci: mamakaci: am midgomis ganxorcielebis dilema profesionalizmsa da erTgulebas Soris<br />
gadis.<br />
meore meore meore mamakaci: mamakaci: “yvela daviWiroT” midgoma saqarTveloSi a<strong>ra</strong>realuria. ar dagaviwydeT, Cven<br />
arsena ma<strong>ra</strong>bdelze gazrdili Taoba varT da “CaSvebis” instituti CvenTan ar imuSavebs.<br />
meoTxe meoTxe qali: qali: qali: foTSi revoluciamde da mere erTi da igive adamianebi trialeben saxelmwifo<br />
Tanamdebobebze. patiosnebis kunZulio, rom ambobT, visac gemi hyavs, albaT im kunZuls naxavs,<br />
Torem axla zogi pa<strong>ra</strong>skevaa Cvens kunZulze da zogic albaT, robinzon kruzo.<br />
81
danarTi 2.<br />
kiTxvarebi<br />
forumiswina forumiswina kiTxvari<br />
kiTxvari<br />
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. warmodgenili warmodgenili warmodgenili warmodgenili warmodgenili modelebidan modelebidan modelebidan modelebidan modelebidan romeli romeli romeli romeli romeli mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
82<br />
#<br />
ar vici<br />
darwmunebuli ar var<br />
aq ar aris mocemuli<br />
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. aq aq aq aq aq ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Cems Cems Cems Cems Cems mier mier mier mier mier arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli gza gza gza gza gza yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze sworia? sworia? sworia? sworia? sworia?<br />
sruliad veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
ar vici<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad ar veTanxmebi<br />
4. 4. 4. 4. 4. arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs problemis problemis problemis problemis problemis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis sxva sxva sxva sxva sxva gza: gza: gza: gza: gza:<br />
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. saanketo saanketo saanketo saanketo saanketo monacemebi:<br />
monacemebi:<br />
monacemebi:<br />
monacemebi:<br />
monacemebi:<br />
sqesi<br />
asaki<br />
ganaTleba<br />
saqmianoba (saxelmwifo struqtu<strong>ra</strong>, a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizacia, kerZo biznesi,<br />
ganaTlebis sfero, moswavle‘studenti, saojaxo meurneoba, umuSevari, sxva)
forumisSemdgomi forumisSemdgomi kiTxvari<br />
kiTxvari<br />
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. romeli romeli romeli romeli romeli modeli modeli modeli modeli modeli mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
mogwonT?<br />
#<br />
ar vici<br />
darwmunebuli ar var<br />
aq ar aris mocemuli<br />
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. aq aq aq aq aq ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli ganxiluli <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi qmedebebi migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT migaCniaT aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad aucileblad gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Cems Cems Cems Cems Cems mier mier mier mier mier arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli arCeuli gza gza gza gza gza yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze yvelaze sworia? sworia? sworia? sworia? sworia?<br />
sruliad veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
ar vici<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad ar veTanxmebi<br />
4. 4. 4. 4. 4. arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs arsebobs problemis problemis problemis problemis problemis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis gadawyvetis sxva sxva sxva sxva sxva gza: gza: gza: gza: gza:<br />
5. 5. 5. 5. 5. <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> <strong>ra</strong> gaigeT gaigeT gaigeT gaigeT gaigeT axali axali axali axali axali forumze:<br />
forumze:<br />
forumze:<br />
forumze:<br />
forumze:<br />
83
danarTi 3.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
forumebamde da forumebis Semdeg Sexvedris monawileebma Seavses anonimuri kiTxvarebi.<br />
marTalia es masala ar warmoadgens srulyofili sociologiuri kvlevis Sedegs da,<br />
garkveulwilad, a<strong>ra</strong>reprezentatulia, mag<strong>ra</strong>m garkveuli tendenciebis gamovlenisa da<br />
Sesabamisi daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas mainc iZleva.<br />
damswreTa nawilma kiTxvarebi ar Seavso. sul Sevsebuli iqna 275 kiTxvari (maTgan zogierTi<br />
nawilobriv). aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom forumebis msvlelobisas monawileebi<br />
bolomde cdilobdnen TavanTi poziciebis dacvas, kiTxvarebis Sedegebidan Cans, rom nawilma<br />
(109 anketa - mTeli odenobis 39.6%) Sexedulebebi Seicvala.<br />
Sedegebis analizis gacnobamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT monawileTa SerCevis demog<strong>ra</strong>fiul<br />
monacemebs:<br />
cxr.2. demog<strong>ra</strong>fia ∗<br />
∗ SeniSvna: sxvadasxva cxrilSi (regioni, sqesi, asaki da a.S.) gansxvaveba gamowveulia im garemoebiT,<br />
rom <strong>ra</strong>mdenime respondentma anketis Sevsebisas ar miuTiTa Sesabamisi monacemi.<br />
84
ac Seexeba forumis wina da Semdgom monacemebs:<br />
zogadi zogadi su<strong>ra</strong>Ti:<br />
su<strong>ra</strong>Ti:<br />
forumebis Semdeg Semcirebulia I da II modelis momxreTa odenoba. Tu Tavdapirvelad samive modeli<br />
xmebis TiTqmis Tanabar odenobas flobda, bolos mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d iklo I modelis momxreTa wilma.<br />
amave dros, gaizarda maTi ricxvi, vinc yvela modelis kombinirebul midgomas, an sruliad<br />
axali gzis gamoZebnis aucileblobas uWers mxars.<br />
odnav imata im pirTa ricxvma, romelTac uWirT saboloo pasuxis gacema. es SesaZloa im<br />
garemoebiT aixsnas, rom msjelobisas gamoCnda yvela SesaZlo variantis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi<br />
mxareebis mTeli wyeba da, Sesabamisad, swori gadawyvetilebis miRebis sirTule.<br />
cxr.3. zogadi su<strong>ra</strong>Ti<br />
regionebis regionebis monacemebis monacemebis mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
zogadi monacemebisagan gansxvavebiT I modelis momxreTa zrda aRiniSna aWa<strong>ra</strong>Si, II modelis<br />
momxreTa - Sida qarTlSi. moxda III modelis momxreTa mkveTri Semcireba Sida qarTlsa da<br />
TbilisSi. Semcirda gansxvavebuli gzis momxreTa ricxvi guriaSi, xolo aWa<strong>ra</strong>Si, guriasa da<br />
samegreloSi iklo im pirTa ricxvma, visac ar hqonda miRebuli saboloo gadawyvetileba.<br />
sainteresoa imereTis monacemebi. aq saerTo su<strong>ra</strong>Tisagan gansxvavebiT, SexedulebaTa cvlas<br />
yvelaze nakleb hqonda adgili - 13.8% (saerTo 39.6%-gan gansxvavebiT).<br />
sakmaod mkveTria I modelis momxreTa Semcireba Sida qarTlSi, II modelis momxreTa - samxcxesa<br />
da samegreloSi, III modelisa – TbilisSi.kombinirebuli midgomis momxreebma mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d imata<br />
guriaSi, xolo maT ricxvma, visac gauWirda saboloo gadawyvetilebis miReba, mniSvnelovnad<br />
iklo aWa<strong>ra</strong>Si da aseve mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d imata TbilisSi.<br />
85
cxr.4. regionebi<br />
sqesobrivi sqesobrivi Semadgenlobis Semadgenlobis mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
mamakacebSi aRiniSneba II modelis (sakmaod mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d), xolo qalebSi - III modelis momxreTa<br />
Semcireba. qalTa Soris mniSvnelovnad gaizarda gansxvavebuli da kombinirebuli midgomebis<br />
momxreTa ricxvi.<br />
cxr.5. sqesobrivi Semadgenloba<br />
86
asakobrivi asakobrivi jgufebis jgufebis mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
saerTo su<strong>ra</strong>Tisagan didi gansxvaveba am mxriv ar aRiniSneba. amave dros TvalSisacemia II modelis<br />
momxreTa ufro mniSvnelovani Semcireba saSualo asakis adamianebSi, xolo I modelis momxreTa<br />
- xandazmulTa Soris. am orive asakobriv jgufSi, aseve saSualo maCvenebelTan SedarebiT,<br />
ufro izrdeba kombinirebuli midgomis momxreTa ricxvi.<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom axalgazrdebs (gansakuTrebiT studentebs), sxva jgufebTan<br />
SedarebiT, ufro mya<strong>ra</strong>d Camoyalibebuli xedva gaaCniaT da ufro Znelad cvlian mas.<br />
cxr.6. asakobrivi jgufebi<br />
ganaTlebis ganaTlebis cenzis cenzis mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
monawileTa ganaTlebis statusis mixedviT saSualo ganaTlebis mqone pirebs Soris aRsaniSnavia<br />
saerTo su<strong>ra</strong>Tisagan gansxvavebiT III modelis momxreTa ricxvis ufro didi zrda, xolo, saerTo<br />
su<strong>ra</strong>Tis sapirispirod, I modelis momxreTa mkveTri mateba da kombinirebuli midgomis<br />
momxreTa aseve mkveTri Semcireba.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirebs Soris aRiniSneba I modelis mowinaaRmdegeTa ricxvis,<br />
saSualo maCenenebelTan SedarebiT, ufro didi zrda.<br />
87
aqve davZenT, rom umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirebs, iseve rogorc studentebs, Soris ufro<br />
iSviaTad gvxvdeba Sexedulebebis Secvlis faqtebi.<br />
cxr.7. ganaTlebis cenzi<br />
saqmianobis saqmianobis sferoebis sferoebis mixedviT:<br />
mixedviT:<br />
kerZo struqturebSi dasaqmebulTa Soris, saSualo maCvenebelze metad, gaizarda I modelis<br />
aSka<strong>ra</strong> mowinaaRmdegeTa da gansxvavebuli midgomebis momxreTa odenoba.<br />
sajaro moxeleTa Soris, aseve saSualo maCvenebelze metad, Semcirda II midgomis momxreTa da<br />
gaizarda kombinirebuli midgomis momxreTa ricxvi.<br />
a<strong>ra</strong>samTavrobo organizaciebis wevrebSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda I midgomis, xolo imata<br />
gansxvavebuli midgomis SemuSavebis momxreTa ricxvma. aseve imata im pirTa odenobam,<br />
romelTac gauWirdaT saboloo pasuxis gacema.<br />
profesor-maswavlebelTa Soris ufro imata III da kombinirebuli midgomebis mxardamWerTa<br />
odenobam, xolo iklo im pirTa ricxvma, romlebsac jer ar hqondaT garkveuli, Tu romel <strong>gzas</strong><br />
uWeren mxars.<br />
umuSevarTa Soris mkveT<strong>ra</strong>d gaizarda I modelis mowinaaRmdegeTa da III modelis momxreTa<br />
ricxvi. saSualo maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, aseve imates kombinirebuli midgomis momxreebma.<br />
saerTo su<strong>ra</strong>Tisagan gansxvavebiT, pedagogTa msgavsad, aqac iklo im pirTa ricxvma, romelTac<br />
saboloo gadawyvetileba jer ar hqondaT miRebuli.<br />
88
cxr.8. saqmianobis sfero<br />
aseT su<strong>ra</strong>Ts iZleva saqarTvelos 6 regionSi (8 qalaqSi) Catarebuli 15 forumis monawileTa<br />
mier Sevsebuli 550 anketis analizi. kidev erTxel gvsurs avRniSnoT, rom sazogadoebrivi<br />
monawileobis zrdisa da mosaxleobis azris garkvevis mizniT Catarebuli forumebis ricxvi,<br />
rogorc wesi, bev<strong>ra</strong>d ufro didia. Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli proeqti sapiloto xasiaTis<br />
iyo da Znelia, miRebuli Sedegebis eqst<strong>ra</strong>polireba mTel <strong>sazogadoeba</strong>ze movaxdinoT, Tumca<br />
garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebisaken mocemuli masala aSka<strong>ra</strong>d gvibiZgebs.<br />
89
Change language