levan berZeniSvili patriotizmi, nacionalizmi da identobis sxvadasxva ...
levan berZeniSvili patriotizmi, nacionalizmi da identobis sxvadasxva ...
levan berZeniSvili patriotizmi, nacionalizmi da identobis sxvadasxva ...
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<strong>levan</strong> <strong>berZeniSvili</strong><br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong>, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>identobis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva done 1<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve un<strong>da</strong> ganvacxado, rom samecniero moxsenebis wakiTxvas<br />
ar vapireb <strong>da</strong>, romc momendomebina, albaT, verc SevZlebdi, radgan arc<br />
proesiiT <strong>da</strong> arc mowodebiT, ar var filosofosi; arc istorikosi var.<br />
ase rom, Tu romelsame sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT istoriuli masalis<br />
moxmoba <strong>da</strong>mWir<strong>da</strong>, es ar iqneba profesionalis kompetenturi <strong>da</strong>skvna;<br />
arc sociologi var, raTa movlenebi am WrilSi ganvixilo; ar var<br />
fsiqologi... barem erTbaSad gamovtydebi: isic ki ar vici, saerTod Tu<br />
arsebobs <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s Semswavleli mecniereba, an romelma <strong>da</strong>rgma<br />
“<strong>da</strong>ado tori” am sferos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>apatenta masze fiqris prioriteti.<br />
ase rom, Cems Sexedulebebs gagiziarebT, rogorc, ubralod,<br />
qarTveli a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic sisxlxorceulad aris <strong>da</strong>interesebuli am<br />
movleniT, radgan, <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var: is, Tu rogor saxes miiRebs<br />
xvalindeli qarTuli sazogadoeba, _ iqneba igi arqauli <strong>da</strong> miTebSi<br />
CaZiruli Tu Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong> sicocxlisunariani, agresiuli <strong>da</strong><br />
TviTgamanadgurebeli Tu mSvidi <strong>da</strong> saqmiani, _ ukve saZirkvelSive<br />
ganuyoflad aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli imasTan, Tu rogor gaviazrebT <strong>da</strong><br />
ganvaxorcielebT <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s ideas.<br />
ase rom, rRac arnaxul samecniero siRrmeebSi wvdomiT ver<br />
gagaocebT, magram Tavs imiT vinygeSeb, rom Cemi moxseneba namdvilad ar<br />
iqneba gulgrili kacis saubari.<br />
1. sityva “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>s” Sesaxeb<br />
saerTod “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>” (Tu am cnebiT aRniSnuli movlena ara,<br />
TviT sityva mainc), rogorc wesi, Zalian advili gansasazRvravi<br />
eCvenebaT xolme <strong>da</strong> misi etimologiis <strong>da</strong>dgeba uiolesi saqme hgoniaT.<br />
marTlac<strong>da</strong>, erTi SexedviT, ra SeiZleba iyos ufro martivi: yvelam icis,<br />
rom pater indoevropuli fuZea <strong>da</strong> mamas niSnavs; rom aqe<strong>da</strong>n momdinare<br />
berZnuli πάτρις <strong>da</strong> laTinuri patria, igivea, rac “mamuli”, <strong>da</strong>, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me,<br />
“patriotic” sxva veraferi iqneba Tu ara “mamuliSvili”. sinamdvileSi<br />
ki es erTi im SemTxvevaTagania, roca moCvenebiTi simartive Zalian cud<br />
samsaxurs gviwevs (rac sakmaod xSirad xdeba berZnuli <strong>da</strong> laTinuri<br />
terminebis gamoyenebisas) _ mTargmneli aRar uRrmavdeba saqmis arss <strong>da</strong><br />
iseT Sinaarss debs sityvaSi, romelic mas Soreul warsulSi veranairad<br />
ver eqnebo<strong>da</strong>, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom TviT aseTi movlena maSin<br />
saerTod ar arsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ver vityvi, berZnul πάτρις-s dRevandel “samSoblosTan” saerTo<br />
araferi aqvs-meTqi, magram kargad un<strong>da</strong> gvqondes gacnobierebuli, rom<br />
1 moxseneba, wakiTxuli “kavkasiur saxlSi” 2003 wlis 14 ianvars.
es sulac ar aris erTi <strong>da</strong> igive. jer erTi, πάτρις aranairad <strong>da</strong><br />
arasodes ar aRniSnav<strong>da</strong> arc mTel saberZneTs <strong>da</strong> arc mis romelsame<br />
mxares, _ vTqvaT, aqaias an, miT umetes, peloponess; ufro metic πάτρις<br />
ar iyo arc qalaqi _ korinTo, aTeni an, saerTod, romelime polisi:<br />
rodesac berZeni ambob<strong>da</strong> “Cemi patrisi” (“Cemi mamuli”) yovelTvis<br />
polisTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT gacilebiT viwro ram igulisxmebo<strong>da</strong> _ “patrisi”<br />
iyo is “sanaTesao bude”, romli<strong>da</strong>nac igi, ase vTqvaT, Tavis “saZmoSi” _<br />
“fratriaSi” _ ewerebo<strong>da</strong>; sami “fratria” Seadgen<strong>da</strong> erT “patriss” _ es<br />
iyo elinis mamis, papis <strong>da</strong> papis mamis “fratriebis” jami. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, “me<br />
var patrioti” Zveli berZnisTvis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT amas niSnav<strong>da</strong>: “me var<br />
mamaCemis Svili <strong>da</strong> papaCemis SviliSvili <strong>da</strong> isini orive aqaurebi<br />
(vTqvaT, aTenelebi) ariaan”. swored <strong>da</strong> mxolod es Sinaarsi hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
“patriotisms” Zvel saberZneTSi.<br />
ase rom, yvela is etimologiuri varaudi, romelic am sityvas<br />
Tanamedrove “mamuliSvilobis” raRacgvar adekvatad miiCnevs, mc<strong>da</strong>ria _<br />
ZvelberZnuli <strong>patriotizmi</strong>, rogorc movlrna, ubralod, ar arsebobs:<br />
erTianobis aranairi mistikuri ganc<strong>da</strong> maT ar hqoniaT. samagierod,<br />
gaazrebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>T, rom arsebobs saerToelinuri enobrivi erToba;<br />
amas mowinave berZnebi V-IV saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n (oRond, ara ufro adreul<br />
xanaSi) aRniSnavdnen sityva “panelinizmiT”, romelic asset<br />
Tvalsazrissac moicav<strong>da</strong>: Cven, berZnebi, erTmaneTis naTesavebi varTo.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, ise <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> antikuroba <strong>da</strong> ise ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> elinizmSi,<br />
rom erTiani samSoblos gageba ela<strong>da</strong>Si ar Camoyalibebula. sxart<br />
formas rom mivmarToT, SeiZleba asec CamovayaliboT saTqmeli:<br />
peloponesis omi aTensa <strong>da</strong> spartas Soris ar iyo samoqalaqo omi.<br />
romis imperiaze sagangebod SeCereba ar mamWirdeba, erTi mcire<br />
magaliTic ikmarebs yvelafris naTelsayofad. gavixsenoT ciceronis<br />
sityvebi: patriam nemo amat quia magna, sed quia sua (“samSoblo aravis uyvars<br />
imis gamo, rom didia, aramed [uyvarT] imis gamo, rom sakuTaria”). xom<br />
aSkaraa, rom es “patria” ver iqneba romis imperia. am frazis “mamuli”<br />
met-naklebad imave Sinaarsisaa, romliTac is dro<strong>da</strong>dro dRemde<br />
gamoiyeneba zepir metyvelebaSi _ <strong>da</strong>axloebiT “mamuleT-deduleTis”<br />
aRmniSvnelia.<br />
saerTod, imperiisadmi, rogorc samSoblosadmi, romaelTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze, SesaZloa, vinme msjelobdes kidec, magram didi<br />
specialistebisTvis, vTqvaT, Teodor momzenisTvis, naTeli iyo, rom<br />
aranairi “samSoblo” rogorc imperia aravisTvis ar yofila, radgan ase<br />
mas aravin aRiqvam<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amgvarad, <strong>patriotizmi</strong>, rogorc movlena, antikuri saberZneTisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> romis realobaSi ar arsebula. ufro metic, “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>” aris ara<br />
berZnul-laTinuri termini, aramed mxolod virtualuri berZnuli<br />
sityva e.i. sityva, romlis arsebobas berZnuli enis kanonebi ar<br />
krZalavs, magram romelsac im Soreul warsulSi arasdros Sinaarsi ar<br />
hqonia (dRevandeli kacobrioba berZnul-laTinuri terminebiT
suldgmulobs, magram ramdenjerac un<strong>da</strong> gaumeoroT Zvel romaels<br />
“kompiuteri”, sul erTia, verafriT gaagebinebT, saxeldobr raze<br />
elaparakebiT).<br />
sinamdvileSi, termini “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>” Sva erTma cnobilma<br />
simReram, romelic Tavi<strong>da</strong>n sabrZolo marSi iyo, mere ki safrangeTis<br />
saxelmwifo himnad iqca.me vigulisxme “marselioza” <strong>da</strong> misi sityvebi<br />
alons enfants de la patrie (“gaveSuroT, samSoblos Svilebo”). swored es<br />
“patri” (<strong>da</strong> mxolod es “patri”) aris safuZveli <strong>patriotizmi</strong>sa, rac imas<br />
niSnavs, rom patriotizms safuZveli uCndeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac<br />
Cndeba axali realoba _ sabSoblo, rogorc loialobis subieqti.<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, patriotizmze laparaki ar SeiZleba im dromde, vidre mefis<br />
mimarT loialoba Seicvlebodes saxelmwifos mimarT loialobiT.<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, aseTi sityvebi, _ “XII saukunis qarTuli<br />
(an franguli an espanuri an, miT umetes, germanuli <strong>da</strong> italiuri)<br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong>”, _ anaqronizmia Tun<strong>da</strong>c mxolod im ubralo mizezis gamo,<br />
rom im epoqaSi loialobis subieqts warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> ara saxelmqifo,<br />
aramed mefe an mTavari.<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, termini “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>” Sinaarss iZens im droi<strong>da</strong>n, rac<br />
Cndeba patrotizmi, rogorc movlena: xolo es movlena Cndeba mas<br />
Semdeg, rac subieqti moqalaqis loialobisa xdeba ara mefe, ara xalxi,<br />
ara miwa-wyali, ara aRmsarebloba, aramed saxelmwifo; Tunca, yvelaferi<br />
CamoTvlili im saxelmwifos Semadgeneli elementi aris (an SeiZleba<br />
iyos), romlis mimarT loialuri xdeba moqalaqe.<br />
amdenad, termini “saxelmwifo <strong>patriotizmi</strong>” me, ubralod,<br />
tavtologia mgonia, radgan aranairi sxva saxis patritizmi ar SeiZleba<br />
arsebobdes; xolo loialobas sxva subieqtisadmi Tav-Tavisi saxeli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ewodos. magaliTad, loialoba sakuTari erisadmi sityva<br />
“<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>T” un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos <strong>da</strong> ara “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>T”. sxvaTa Soris,<br />
verc <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>badebis TariRi iqneba imaze Zveli, vidre termini<br />
“nacia” gaCndebo<strong>da</strong>, xolo igi safrangeTis revoluciis epoqam Sva. is<br />
Teoriebi, romlebic nacionalizms, rogorc movlenas, fuZe-sityvaze<br />
bevrad ufro adre gaCenilad miiCnevs, me vfiqrob, seriozul ganxilvas<br />
ar imsaxurebs <strong>da</strong> iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa, un<strong>da</strong>c, _ “iyo Tu ara<br />
vaxtang gorgasali qarTuli naciolanizmis medroSe?” _ umjobesia,<br />
iaffasian Jurnalistebs, diletant mkvlevarebsa <strong>da</strong> “professional<br />
nacionalistebs” <strong>da</strong>vutovoT.<br />
axla me, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad am cnebis erTgvari iracionalurobisa,<br />
Sevecdebi ganvsazRvro ra aris <strong>patriotizmi</strong>. <strong>patriotizmi</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iyvaneba<br />
mis Semadgenel romelsame elementze: es ar aris arc sakuTari xalxis<br />
msaxureba (<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>); arc romelime aRmsareblobis erTguleba<br />
(vTqvaT, marTlmadidebloba an grigorianoba); arc samSoblos mTavelis<br />
siyvaruli; arc romelime pirovnebis gafetiSebis saSin<strong>da</strong>l<br />
arqauli warmodgenebi (saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi _ stalinizmi an, ufro<br />
adreuli epoqebisTvis, “Tamarizmi”); arc erovnul kerZebze<br />
mijaWvuloba... me gTavazobT, <strong>patriotizmi</strong> iyos ufro farTo cneba, vidre
nebismieri masTan Sefardebuli: <strong>patriotizmi</strong> ar aris arc erTi es<br />
movlena calke aRebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>patriotizmi</strong> moicavs yvelas erTad (zog<br />
maTgans mxolod potenciurad).<br />
axla, mas Semdeg, rac ase Tu ise <strong>da</strong>vazuste sazRvrebi, romelSic<br />
termin “<strong>patriotizmi</strong>s” Sinaarsi un<strong>da</strong> ganixilebodes, met-naklebi<br />
safuZvlianobiT SevCerdebi identurobis CamoTvlili saxeobebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
(nacionaluri, konfesiuri, pirovnebis kerpad qcevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.) mxolod ramdenimeze. amasTan, <strong>da</strong>viwyeb yvelaze “<strong>da</strong>bali<br />
safexuri<strong>da</strong>n”, ase vTqvaT, “safuZvli<strong>da</strong>n” <strong>da</strong> “zemoT-zemoT” waval, raTa<br />
bolos isev patriotizmamde mivide <strong>da</strong> kidev ramdenime mosazreba<br />
gamovTqva am movlenis Sinaarsis gamo.<br />
2. identurobis kulinaruli done<br />
es ubralo sakiTxi ar gegonoT _ samzareulo <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s<br />
nawils warmoadgens, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c is ueWvelad aris eTnikurobis<br />
Semadgeneli erT-erTi elementi.<br />
Tavis droze (kerZod ki 1974 wels) erTi wignis recenziaSi (es iyo<br />
v. WeliZis “qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebi”) _ saqarTvelos istoriis<br />
saymawvilo-popularuli gamocema) akaki baqraZem aseTi ram <strong>da</strong>wera:<br />
“qarTvelma kacma amiranis Tqmulebac Seqmna <strong>da</strong> ufliscixec aaSena, vazis<br />
nairnairi jiSebic gamoiyvana <strong>da</strong> “vefxistyaosanic” <strong>da</strong>wera, kldeSi<br />
varZiac gamokveTa <strong>da</strong> sacivic moigona, sveticxovelic aago <strong>da</strong> sulgunic<br />
<strong>da</strong>amza<strong>da</strong>. diax, sruliad Segnebulad vaxsene erTmaneTis gverdiT, erTi<br />
SexedviT arsebiTad gansxvavebuli sagnebi _ varZia <strong>da</strong> sacivi,<br />
sveticxoveli <strong>da</strong> sulguni. sulgunisa <strong>da</strong> sacivis momgonebeli iseTive<br />
niWieri kaci iyo Tavis saqmeSi, rogorc “vefxistyaosnis” avtori. vinc<br />
sulguns <strong>da</strong> sacivs amzadeb<strong>da</strong>, iseve inaxav<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos, rogorc<br />
didgors gamarjvebuli mxedrebi. roca Cveni xalxis Sesaxeb<br />
vlaparakobT, farTo gagebiT mis istorias vyvebiT, yvelaferi es un<strong>da</strong><br />
aRinusxos <strong>da</strong> aRiweros. aq Cans swored xalxis SemoqmedebiTi suli”.<br />
sabednierod, maSin jer kidev ar iyo <strong>da</strong>mdgari “profesionali<br />
patriotebis” xana, TavianTi cxovrebis miznad erovnul faseulobaTa<br />
ubiwoebis <strong>da</strong>cva rom gauxdiaT, Torem mosalodnelia, viRacas avtoris<br />
Caqolva moendomebina im motiviT, TiTqos ase wera ar SeiZleba, rom e<br />
saris sibrtyeebis aRreva, romlis Sedegad maRali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali sruliad<br />
gaumarTeblad aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>yenebuli erTmaneTis gverdiT. sinamdvileSi<br />
ki, Tu yvelaferSi garkveva gvsurs, sakiTxis ase, moulodneli kuTxiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>yenebasac ar un<strong>da</strong> moveridoT, ufro metic _ es aucilebelic ki aris.<br />
identurobis kulinaruli donis mniSvnelobis naTelsayofad<br />
mxolod erTs vityvi. wakiTxuli maqvs seriozuli gamokvleva, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
naTqvamia, rom mSobel eTnosTan kavSiro qarTveli, is gawyvetis<br />
mxolod boloswina safexuri aris sruli indiferentuloba eTnikuri
warmomavlobisadmi, xolo sul bolos kvebis produqtebisadmi<br />
erTguleba kvdeba. <strong>da</strong> marTlac, sakvirvelic ki aris, imdenad<br />
gagiWrdebaT imgvari qarTvelis povna, romelic ise mTlianad iyos<br />
qarTvelobi<strong>da</strong>n gasuli, rom uari hqondes naTqvami uklebliv yvela<br />
qarTul produqtze. Sors mimavali <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebaSi Tu ver<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvexmareba, iqneb, simboluri mniSvneloba mainc hqondes im faqts, rom<br />
TviT jorj balanCinic ki, romelic arc erTi niSniT (arc kulturulad,<br />
arc enobrivad, nacionalur TviTcnobierebaze xom laparakic zedmetia)<br />
ar iyo qarTveli, sakuTari xeliT amzadeb<strong>da</strong> xaWapurs <strong>da</strong> Tavisi <strong>da</strong>sis<br />
wevrebs umaspinZldebo<strong>da</strong>. an kidev, warmovidginoT amave tipis situacia<br />
_ Tbiliseli somexi, romelic Tavis eTnikur warmomavloas ukve<br />
aranair mniSvnelobas aRar aniWebs, qarTulad laparakobs, somxuri ar<br />
icis <strong>da</strong> kulturula<strong>da</strong>c qarTul samyaros ufro ekuTvnis, vidre somxurs<br />
(Tu literaturuli ilustracia gvin<strong>da</strong> _ marex geurqis asuli<br />
karapetova z. antonovis piesi<strong>da</strong>n “mzis <strong>da</strong>bneleba saqarTveloSi”,<br />
romelic, Tavisi bebiisa <strong>da</strong>d ed-mamisgan gansxvavebiT, SesaniSnavi<br />
qarTuliT metyvelebs, somxuri, ara Tu fraza, erTi sityva, erTi<br />
Sorisdebulic ki ar wamoscdeba <strong>da</strong>, ufro metic, saqmros erTgulebas<br />
rustavelis zepirad naTqvami sriqonebiT eficeba); rodis SeiZleba<br />
CavTvaloT, rom is ukve mTlianad mowy<strong>da</strong>Sobel eTnoss <strong>da</strong> Tavis<br />
somxur ZirebTan aRaraferi akavSirebs? _ im droi<strong>da</strong>n, roca mas<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT imgvarive <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba eqneba sujukisadmi, rogoric<br />
maqvs me: CemTvis es aris mxolod xorcis Seubolavi Senaxvis uaRresad<br />
saintereso saxeoba, metad ekonomiuri <strong>da</strong> gemrieli... <strong>da</strong> sxva araferi _<br />
me Tvalebi ar menTeba <strong>da</strong> nerwyvdena ar mewyeba sujukis xsenebisas.<br />
yvelaze ukeT swored gafarToebuli Tvalebi <strong>da</strong> nerwyvis ylapvis<br />
intensivoba SegatyobinebT somxobi<strong>da</strong>n misi gasvlis sistulesa <strong>da</strong><br />
xarisxs.<br />
aris ramdenime sakvebi mcenare, romelic Cveni, qarTvelebis,<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs. uwinares yovlisa, esaa wyavi,<br />
radgan igi mTlianad <strong>da</strong> mxolod Cvenia _ am SemTxvevaSi martoden<br />
saxeli igulisxmeba <strong>da</strong> ara botanikuri saxeoba: wy <strong>da</strong> Wy fonetikur<br />
kompleqsebs jer msoflioSi aravin Segv<strong>da</strong>vebia <strong>da</strong>, ar vici, awi vis<br />
gauwyreba RmerTi, rom amas Segve<strong>da</strong>vos. Tanac “wyavi” samsave<br />
qarTvelur enaSi aris <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebuli <strong>da</strong>, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, ueWvelad<br />
protoqarTveluri terminia. ase rom, msoflios botanikur rukaze<br />
raoden moulodnel wertilSic un<strong>da</strong> aRdges es sityva, iq Cveni<br />
winaprebis yofnas, rogorc ityvian, wyali ar gauva.<br />
meore (an iqneb pirveli) nacionaluri mcenarea qinZi. faqtia, rom<br />
Cvens mezoblad mcxovrebi verc erTi eri an eTnikuri jgufi qinZs ver<br />
hguobs. qinZi niaxuri ar gegonoT, romelsac eridebian somxebi,<br />
iSviaTad Wamen rusebi, magram uyvarT azerbaijanlebs. qinZis Ziri kidev<br />
SeiZleba gamoiyenos rusma, magram mwvane foTlebi _ nuras ukacravad.<br />
es zustad vici, radgan karga xani <strong>da</strong>vyavi zonaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c Wamen yvelafers,<br />
risi Wamac SeiZleba, <strong>da</strong> iqac ki, qarTvelebis gar<strong>da</strong>, qinZs saTofeze
aravin ekarebo<strong>da</strong>. ase rom, “wy” <strong>da</strong> “Wy” kompleqsebis ar iyos, qinZis<br />
RirsebebSic CvensaviT veravin erkveva msoflioSi. swored amitom<br />
vuwode qarTvelebs populus coriandri _ “qinZis xalxi” (miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
safrTxisa, rom gamotyvreba viRac WkuanaRrZobi cilismwamebeli,<br />
romelic usindisod <strong>da</strong>mdbralebs, TiTqos me qarTvelebze meTqvas,<br />
qinZebi arian-meTqi).<br />
<strong>da</strong>, bolos, nigozi... qimikosebi amboben <strong>da</strong>, albaT, un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>vujeroT, rom Termuli <strong>da</strong>muSavebisas nigozi gamoyofs momwamlav<br />
nivTierebas <strong>da</strong>, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, wamonaduRari nigvziani kerZebis Wama ar<br />
SeiZleba _ janmrTelobisTvis aris saxifaTo. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, Cven<br />
dRemde vWamT sacivs <strong>da</strong> gozinays <strong>da</strong>, mTelma saqarTvelomac rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>ijeros maTi mavnebloba, ueWvelia, xvalac SevWamT. logikuria<br />
vikiTxoT, ratom? ratom ar vemorCilebiT samedicino argumentebs?<br />
ratom vayenebT safrTxis winaSe Cvens janmrTelobas? _ swored imitom,<br />
rom qarTvelebi varT, xolo erovnuli samzareulos erTguleba es aris<br />
qarTvelobasTan ziarebis, Cveni eTnikuri vinaobis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebis erTerTi<br />
forma, romelic gacilebiT ufro Zlieri <strong>da</strong> sicocxlisunariania,<br />
vidre Tun<strong>da</strong>c egoisturi instinqtebi <strong>da</strong> sari azris argumentebi<br />
(aRsaniSnavia, rom arsebobs megruli versia sacivisa _ auduRari<br />
nigvziT <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli TeTri sacivi, romelic Zalian lamazia <strong>da</strong> Tvals<br />
axarebs, magram efemerulia _ erT dReze mets ver Zlebs. amitom Tu sxva<br />
mizeziT, oRond is ki faqtia, rom “kanonikuri” saaxalwlo nacionaluri<br />
delikatesis adgili swored kerZis anaduRarnigvzianma variantma<br />
<strong>da</strong>ikava <strong>da</strong> Cven im xalxebis arcTu mravalricxovan wreSi Segviyvana,<br />
Termulad <strong>da</strong>muSavebul nigozs rom Seeqcevian _ moulodnelad<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvaaxlova indoelebTan <strong>da</strong> CinelebTan (TviT Cveni mezobeli<br />
sparselebic ki megruli tipis auduRar sacivs aniWeben upiratesobas).<br />
Tu vinme mainc <strong>da</strong>varwmune erovnuli kerZebis mniSvnelobaSi, mas<br />
SeuZlia es Tavi CaTvalos ga<strong>da</strong>xrad <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s centraluri Temi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
_ gaumarTleblad vrcel eqskursad (Tumca, gulwrfelad vaRiareb, mas<br />
ufro iseTi diskursis gaqanebiT <strong>da</strong> petenziiT vTxzavdi, momavalSi<br />
avtoris gansakuTrebuli siamayis sagnad rom un<strong>da</strong> iqces). am Temaze<br />
saubars ki lamis aRsarebiT <strong>da</strong>vasruleb <strong>da</strong> gaugonar mkrexelobaSi<br />
gamovtydebi: qarTul samzareuloSic ki aris raRaceebi, rac me ar<br />
momwons!!! oRond, amjerad mets aras vityvi, amas vikmareb <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong>vZen, rom maSinve movipoveb qarTuli samzareulos <strong>da</strong>undobeli<br />
kritikis uflebas, rogorc ki qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqebis ufleba<br />
gamiCndeba: aucilebelia arsebobdes ierarqiulad ufro maRal<br />
safexurze myofi ueWveli Rirebulebebi, raTa gaCndes saeWvos<br />
gakritikebis saSualeba.<br />
TviT kerZebis zemoT esoden xotbaSesxmuli mravalferovnebac ki<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebi <strong>da</strong> sasurveli mxolod maSin aris, roca arsebobs raRac sxva<br />
Rirebulebebi _ vTqvaT, mTeli eTnosis an naciis mier gafetiSebuli<br />
miTiuri an istoriuli gmiri, saerTo religia, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>,<br />
saxelmwifo, yvelas mier pativcemuli sakonstitucio sasamarTlo... am
dromde ki, umjobesia, arsebobdes xaWapurisa <strong>da</strong> yvelis mxolod TiTo<br />
saxeoba, radgan maTi mravalferovneba saxifaToa _ subeTnikur <strong>da</strong>Slas<br />
gamoiwvevs. xolo im droi<strong>da</strong>n, roca arsebobs saerToeTnikuri <strong>da</strong><br />
sruliad ueWveli religiuri, kulturyli an politikuri Rirebulebebi,<br />
araTu saSiSi, sasurvelic ki xdeba mZafri diskusia sakiTxze, <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
janjuxa ufro gemrielia Tu kaxuri CurCxela (Tumca, pira<strong>da</strong>d me<br />
rogorc Tavga<strong>da</strong>klul CurCxelists, am sakiTxis mxolod wamoWrac ki<br />
miutevebel barbarosobad meCveneba), radgan kamaTSi mxolod is<br />
gamoirkveva, rom orsave am produqts erTi <strong>da</strong> igive Sinaarsi hqonia.<br />
3. “axloiT ganCxrekili” <strong>nacionalizmi</strong><br />
a. temperamentis, qcevis <strong>da</strong> metyvelebis eTnikuri<br />
Taviseburebebi _ <strong>identobis</strong> kidev erTi done<br />
sxvaTa Soris, tusaRobis periodi mxolod eTnikur-nacionaluri<br />
<strong>identobis</strong> kulinarul doneze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebaSi rodi <strong>da</strong>mexmara _ zogi sxva<br />
sakiTxic gul<strong>da</strong>smiT Semaswavlina. iq, zonaSi, Zalzed mniSvnelovani iyo<br />
gagverkvia: vin aris axalSemosuli patimari? Seesabameba Tu ara misi<br />
qceva <strong>da</strong> metyveleba missave dosies? xo mar cdilobs Tavi sxva vinmed<br />
SemogvasaRos? amis <strong>da</strong>dgenaSi ki eTnikuri kuTvnilebis <strong>da</strong>zustebasac<br />
Tavisi roli eniWebo<strong>da</strong> (sxvaTa Soris, iq am saqmis didi specialistebi<br />
gvyav<strong>da</strong>: ori akademikosi <strong>da</strong> oTxi doqtori _ semiotikosebs, ratomRac<br />
Zalian aqtiurad iWerdnen). Cven gul<strong>da</strong>smiT vakvirdebodiT<br />
Semosaxlebulis Jestikulacias <strong>da</strong> uCumrad vzomavdiT misi bgeris<br />
modulacias: rogor iqceva _ 30 santimetrze miaxlovdeba <strong>da</strong> saubrisas<br />
xelebs lamis cxvirSi mirtyams somexiviT Tu ormetrian distancias<br />
icavs <strong>da</strong> sarga<strong>da</strong>ylapuliviT dgas litveliviT, zantad warmoTqvams<br />
sityvebs Tu sxapasxupiT, pauzebs rogors akeTebs, ise xom ar agebs<br />
frazas, rac misenovani kacisTvis arabunebrivia...<br />
temperamentis, metyvelebis <strong>da</strong> qcevis es niSnebi, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />
eTnikuria. yoveldRiurobaSi, TanamemamuleTa Soris yofnisas, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
maT, rogorc wesi, ver aRiqvams <strong>da</strong> mxolod maSin aqcevs yuradRebas,<br />
raTa viRac ucxo, am TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebuli pirovneba moeqceva mis<br />
TvalsawierSi an TviTon moxvdeba ucxo garemoSi.<br />
asea Tu ise, cnobierad Tu gaucnobiereblad, identurobis es<br />
qceviT-temperamentuli done Zalian mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs<br />
yofierebaSi _ a<strong>da</strong>mians uqmnis “Tavisianebs” Soris cxovrebis,<br />
“mSobliur wiaRSi yofnis <strong>da</strong>mamSvidebel ganc<strong>da</strong>s. cxadia, mxolod es ar<br />
kmara, raTa individma <strong>da</strong>culad <strong>da</strong> komfortulad igrZos Tavi, magram<br />
usafrTxo <strong>da</strong> keTilganwyobili garemos warmomqmneli erT-erTi<br />
Zliermoqmedi faqtori identurobis es donec uTuod aris. amdenad,
ueWvelia, igi <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s Semadgenel mniSvnelovan nawils<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
b. namdvili <strong>da</strong> “aranamdvili” <strong>nacionalizmi</strong><br />
oRond, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> mxolod gamaerTianebeli niSnebisgan _<br />
qcevisa <strong>da</strong> metyvelebis Taviseburebebisgan an kulinaruli<br />
prioritetebisgan _ ar Sedgeba. misi aucilebeli elementia isic, rasac<br />
Cven gvdebdnen bralad _ “mcire imperializmi”.<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong> aris erTi eTnosis mier sxva eTnosebze<br />
aRmatebulobis, misi uflebrivi upiratesobis ideologia. amitomac<br />
namdvili <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> monoeTnikur xalxSi ver iarsebebs: am<br />
ideologiis arsi swored imis qa<strong>da</strong>gebaa, rom garkveul teritoriaze<br />
ZiriTadi eTnosis xalxs meti politikur-kulturuli uflebebi aqvs,<br />
vidre sxva eTnosebs (teritoriuli SemosazRvrulobia Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovani momentia, radgan Tavisi teritoriis gareT gasuli,<br />
totaluri <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba Tvisebrivad sxva movlenad _<br />
faSizmad). amdenad 99%-sac rom Seadgendes Tavis miwa-wyalze nacia,<br />
aucilebelia is <strong>da</strong>rCenili 1% sxvaerovani mosaxleobisa, raTa<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong> gaCndes.<br />
maS ra aris monoeTnikuri xalxis, ase vTqvaT “aranamdvili”<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>? _ esaa sakuTari genetikur-kulturuli <strong>identobis</strong><br />
SenarCunebis ideologia, romlisTvisac, Tuki Sinaarsobrivad<br />
ganvsazRvravT, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT zusti iqnebo<strong>da</strong> “izolacionizmi” gvewodebina,<br />
magram mas nacionalizmTan imdenad mniSvnelovani saerTo niSnebi aqvs,<br />
rom ufro mosaxerxebelia orive erTi <strong>da</strong> imave saxeliT aRvniSnavT.<br />
jer sxvaobas <strong>da</strong>vazusteb _ isini funqciiT gansxvavdebian<br />
erTmaneTisgan: “aranamdvili” <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s anu izolacionizmis mizani,<br />
rogorc vTqvi, <strong>identobis</strong> SenarCunebaa, xolo namdvili <strong>nacionalizmi</strong><br />
esaa ZiriTadi eTnosis mier sxva eTnosebis erT saxelmwifoSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>morCilebis xerxi.<br />
axla saerTos Sesaxeb. uwinares yovlisa, orives axasiaTebs<br />
sakuTari istoriisTvis, kulturisTvis, landSaftisTvis, erovnuli<br />
misiisTvis <strong>da</strong> a.S. gamorCeuli Rirebulebis miwera. warsulis<br />
gafetiSebac <strong>patriotizmi</strong>sTvis ki ar aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, swored<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s warmonaqmnia.<br />
g. <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> farisevloba<br />
<strong>da</strong> swored am punqtSi Seicavs <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> did safrTxes:<br />
totalur farisevlobaSi Caflobis sacTurs, roca sakuTari kulturis<br />
an istoriis imdenad ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli Sefaseba xdeba, rom Zneli<br />
warmosadgenia, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s gar<strong>da</strong>, kidev ra SeiZleba ase <strong>da</strong>abrmavos
srul Wkuaze myofi a<strong>da</strong>miani. ase magaliTad, Cemi TvaliT maqvs<br />
wakiTxuli erTi aw gar<strong>da</strong>cvlili mwerlis statia, sa<strong>da</strong>c igi seriozulad<br />
gmobs <strong>da</strong> amunaTebs sazogadoebis im wevrebs, romlebsac faliaSvili<br />
baxze <strong>da</strong> mocartze did kompozitorad ar miaCniaT. yvelaze uaresi ki is<br />
aris, rom im arcTu uWkuo kacs gulwrfelad sjero<strong>da</strong> Tavisi simarTle.<br />
axla dro Seicvala. qarTuli operas mxatvrul Rirsebebs ase vaglaxad<br />
ver Sevbe<strong>da</strong>v, magram iqneb is mainc ar CameTvalos samSoblos Ralatad<br />
Tu, abram molis wignze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, gavbe<strong>da</strong>v <strong>da</strong> vityvi, rom<br />
faliaSvili ar Sedis SarSan msoflioSi yvelaze xSirad Sesrulebuli<br />
kompozitorebis pirvel aTaseulSi.<br />
Cven verc ki vgrZnobT, ise vdgamT pirvel nabijs farisevlobis<br />
saflobSi, roca ilias <strong>da</strong> akakis erTad vudgamT Zegls <strong>da</strong> gvin<strong>da</strong>, es ori<br />
uaRresad mkafio individualoba yvela sakiTxSi erT poziciaze mdgom<br />
TanamebrZolebad gamoviyvanoT. axla irkveva, rom niko nikolaZec maTi<br />
Tanamoazre <strong>da</strong> umcrosi TanamebrZoli yofila... aqe<strong>da</strong>n araferi gamova:<br />
am a<strong>da</strong>mianebs im droisTvis cxovrebis mier wamoWril sakiTxebze<br />
sruliad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqjn<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs<br />
uSeRavaTod ekamaTebodnen. ase rom, rogorc ar un<strong>da</strong> movindomoT,<br />
warsuls ver SevcvliT, yvelas erTmaneTTan ver SevarigebT <strong>da</strong><br />
Sexmatkbilebul gun<strong>da</strong>d ver gavaerTianebT. sxvas rom yvelafers Tavi<br />
<strong>da</strong>vaneboT, <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia saqarTvelos parlamentSi noe Jor<strong>da</strong>nias<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazi iseTive pativiscemiT sargeblobdes, rogorc ilia WavWavaZis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazi _ erT-erTis <strong>da</strong>rbazi naklebad pativsacemi un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
am tipis farisevloba skolaSi iwyeba, qarTuli enisa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturis gakveTilebze: maswavlebelTa absoluturma umravlesobam<br />
ar icis qarTuli gramatika (oRond, am punqtSi mainc, TviT<br />
maswavleblebs ver <strong>da</strong>va<strong>da</strong>naSauleb _ akaki SaniZis saskolo<br />
saxelmZRvaneloze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT amis miRweva TiTqmis SeuZlebeli<br />
amocanaa), ar icis literature, arafrad uRirs nawarmoebis stili,<br />
kompozicia, mxatvruli xerxebi, simboloebi, metaforebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. maS,<br />
ratom Sedis gakveTilze, ras aswavlis bavSvebs es metismetad<br />
sasargeblo xalxi? ras aswavlis <strong>da</strong> _ qarTul nacionalizms, Tanac<br />
sabWoTa droSi Camoyalibebuli <strong>da</strong> dRes ukve warmoudgenel<br />
anaqronizmad qceuli formiT _ rom Cven ara varT rusebi <strong>da</strong> rom Cveni<br />
klasikosi jobia sxvisas... sakuTriv literaturaze aravin laparakobs <strong>da</strong><br />
verc ilaparakeben, radgan misi araferi gaegebaT. samarTlianoba<br />
moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom sabWoTa droSi Cveni pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi namdvilad<br />
sasargeblo saqmes akeTebdnen, radgan maSin <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s swavleba<br />
ufro mniSvnelovanic ki iyo, vidre Tun<strong>da</strong>c gramatikisa <strong>da</strong> mwerlobis<br />
esTetikuri mxarisa. ubralod, dRes iqca es saSinel marazmad <strong>da</strong><br />
ubedurebad.<br />
aqve SeiZleba “arasufTasisxliani”, “aranamdvili” qarTvelebis<br />
gamovlena-mxilebis sadReisod Zalze aqtualuri procesi movigonoT...<br />
gamigonia, “SuSanikis wamebi<strong>da</strong>n” rom ixseneben xolme <strong>da</strong>ufaravi<br />
siamovnebiT: varsqeni “... agineb<strong>da</strong> Tesl-tomsa missa...” warmoidgenen,
pirze dorblmomdgari pitiaxSi rogor Rrialeb<strong>da</strong> “Seni somexi de<strong>da</strong>o...”<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSinlad moswonT es ambavi. farisevlobaa, aba ra aris, roca is<br />
xalxi “marSrutki<strong>da</strong>n” eklesiis <strong>da</strong>naxvisTanave pirjvris weras rom<br />
iwyebs, wmin<strong>da</strong>nis nacionalobis gamo mowonebiT <strong>da</strong> gagebiT Sehyurebs<br />
mis jalaTs _ qristes gamyidvels <strong>da</strong> satanis mociquls. Tanac, am dros<br />
xalisiT iviwyeben xolme, rom varsqens de<strong>da</strong> arwrunis qali hyav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo mama _ sparseli; <strong>da</strong> rom, Cveni istoriis personaJebs Tu mivuyeneT<br />
qarTvelobis dRevandeli qajuri sazomi (roca cdiloben a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
genealogiaSi amouqeqon bebia sirana an sara <strong>da</strong> papis papa tigrana,<br />
abrami <strong>da</strong> tiko) maTi absoluturi umravlesoba saerTod ar aRmoCndeba<br />
qarTveli: qarTvelobis aseTi gageba ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> misi gaCena,<br />
sruliad <strong>da</strong>ueWveblad SeiZleba iTqvas, ganviTarebis ki ara,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>gvarebis Sedegia.<br />
d. kosmopolitizmi <strong>da</strong> faSizmi<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong><strong>da</strong>n gza ori mimarTulebiT midis: farisevlobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>ZleviT _ <strong>patriotizmi</strong>sken <strong>da</strong> totalur farisevlobaSi CaflobiT _<br />
faSizmisken. jer am ukanasknels Sevexebi (termin “faSizms” yvelgan<br />
“nacizmis” srul sinonimad gamoviyeneb) <strong>da</strong>, barem, mis antipode<br />
kosmopolitizmsac aqve “movuTaveb xels”.<br />
1905 wels vaJa-fSavelam <strong>da</strong>wera statia “kosmopolitizmi <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong>”, sa<strong>da</strong>c bevri sakiTxi ise kargad aris ga<strong>da</strong>Wrili, rom<br />
dResac ki, roca XX saukunem am sferoSi axali umniSvnelovanesi<br />
gamocdileba moitana <strong>da</strong> viTareba sruliad Seicvala, aranair koreqtivs<br />
ar saWiroebs. kerZod, dReisTvisac WeSmaritia is debuleba, rom “yoveli<br />
mamuliSvili T vis samSoblos un<strong>da</strong> emsaxuros mTeli Tavis ZalRoniT,<br />
TanamoZmeTa sargeblobaze un<strong>da</strong> fiqrobdes <strong>da</strong> ramdena<strong>da</strong>c sasargeblo<br />
gamodgeba mSobeli qveynisTvis misi Rvawli, imdenadve sasrgeblo iqneba<br />
mTeli kacobriobisTvis”.<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri arsebis cnobiereba ise aris mowyobili, rom igi<br />
yovelgvari nacionalobis _ qarTvelobis, somxobis, Cinelobis,<br />
frangobis _ gverdis avliT <strong>da</strong> masze uaris TqmiT, mTel kacobriobas<br />
uSualod ver Caikravs gulSi d aver ganacxadebs: me arc amerikeli var,<br />
arc italieli <strong>da</strong> arc iaponeli _ mxolod <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>pir msoflio<br />
moqalaqe varo. es iseve ganuxorcielebelia, rogorc is, rom a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
arc erT rasa, arc erT kulturas ar ekuTvnodes, arc erTi<br />
faseulobaTa sistema ar gaaCndes, ar iyos arcerTenovani <strong>da</strong><br />
azrovnebdes rogorc yvelafer amaze maRla mdgomi zoga<strong>da</strong>d a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />
xolo, Tu romelsame ers ekuTvni <strong>da</strong> Seni xalxi ar giyvars, rogorRa<br />
moaxerxe yvela erTad Segeyvarebina?! (aqac vaJa SeiZleba gavixsenoT:<br />
“visac Tavisi mSobeli de<strong>da</strong> ar uyvars, igi sxvas rogor Seiyvarebs, sxvas<br />
rogor moepyroba, rogorc namdvil de<strong>da</strong>s?”)
mokled, kosmopolitizmi, gagebuli rogorc yovelgvar<br />
nacionalobaze uaris Tqma <strong>da</strong> am gziT mTeli kacobriobis Seyvareba, me<br />
farisevloba mgonia, radgan sakuTar-konkretulis uaryofiT, msi<br />
SeZulebiT sayovelTaos siyvaruli ver <strong>da</strong>ibadeba, mxolod myvirala<br />
humanistur lozungebs amofarebuli saSineli siZulvili SeiZleba<br />
gaCndes.<br />
meores mxriv, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>, romelic zoga<strong>da</strong>d a<strong>da</strong>mianis, mTeli<br />
kacobriobis siyvarulamde ar amaRldeba, romelsac uyvars mxolod<br />
Tavisi nacia (Tavisi “polisi”) <strong>da</strong> sZuls yvelaferi kosmopolituri,<br />
sayovelTao, universaluri, faSizmad ga<strong>da</strong>gvardeba. universalurze uars<br />
rom ambobs, faSizmi Tavis nacias miawers universalur Rirebulebas,<br />
miiCnevs mas yvela TvalsazrisiT <strong>da</strong> yvela sferoSi sxva <strong>da</strong>narC n<br />
arasrulfasovan naciebze aRmatebulad.<br />
ra araa<strong>da</strong>mianobamde, ra kaciWamiobamde SeiZleba mivides<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s es faza, kargad gamoCn<strong>da</strong> ganaTlebuli, kulturuli <strong>da</strong><br />
wesieri meojaxe germanelebis magaliTze, roca maT imdenad irwmunes<br />
sxvebis ganuviTarebloba, arasrulfasovneba, araa<strong>da</strong>mianoba, rom,<br />
TavianTi bednieri momavlis Senebisas, nedleulad im arasrulyofilTa<br />
Tmebisa <strong>da</strong> tyavis gamoyenebac ki moindomes. <strong>da</strong> am ubedurebaSi mxolod<br />
imitom Caigdes Tavi, rom mTeli arsebiT <strong>da</strong>ijeres sxvebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
sakuTari yovelmxvrivi upiratesoba. am dros isini iseve gulwrfelni<br />
<strong>da</strong> “ucodvelni” iyvnen, rogorc meomris uxinjo didsulovnebiT saves is<br />
spartelebi, samxedro saqmeSi gasavarjiSeblad ZaRlebiviT rom<br />
xocavdnen monebs, radgan isini marTla ar miaCniaT a<strong>da</strong>mianebad.<br />
XX saukuneSi komunistur-uerovnebo utopiebis mSeneblobis<br />
grandiozuli kraxiT <strong>da</strong>srulebulma grandiozulma eqsperimentebma isic<br />
gvaCvena, rom yvelaze ufro <strong>da</strong>undobel kaciWamiobamde<br />
kosmopolitizmic Zalian advilad SeiZleba mivides.<br />
ase rom, vaJa-fSavela yvelaferSi marTalia: a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
kacTmoyvare buneba maSin ufro aris <strong>da</strong>sajerebeli, Tu mas, uwinares<br />
yovlisa, Tavisianebi, Tavisi xalxi uyvars. erTaderTi, rac vaJas<br />
werilSi sadReisod <strong>da</strong>zustebas moiTxovs aris termini<br />
“kosmopolitizmi”.<br />
Sinaarsi, romelic masSi aris nagulisxmevi, ufro mosaxerxebelia<br />
sityva “humanizmiT” aRvniSnoT <strong>da</strong> maSin yvelaferi sruliad TvalsaCino<br />
gaxdeba: <strong>patriotizmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> humanizmi erTmaneTi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinareobs,<br />
gulisxmobs erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> erTad warmoadgens efeqtian wamals<br />
kanibalobis, rogorc nacisturi, ise kosmopolituri saxesxvaobis<br />
winaaRmdeg.<br />
ase ro, upriani iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, axla pir<strong>da</strong>pir patriotizmze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>vsuliyavi, magram manmade, <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s saqme rom moviTavo, mcire<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>xvevas gavakeTeb <strong>da</strong> qarTuli <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s erT yba<strong>da</strong>Rebul Temas<br />
_ stalinisadmi Cvens <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas Sevexebi.
e. stalini <strong>da</strong> qarTveloba<br />
anu erTi Sinaarsgamoclili simbolos Sesaxeb<br />
stalinisadmi qarTvelebis <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis sakiTxi sakmaod<br />
martivi meCveneba: qarTvelTa garkveul nawils an eamayeba stalini,<br />
rogorc msofliosTvis yvelaze cnobili qarTveli (mas namdvilad<br />
icnoben mTel msoflioSi, xolo mcire erebi Seusabamod gazrdil,<br />
hipertrofirebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben amas), magram saqarTveloSi ar<br />
arsebobs stalinizmi.<br />
stalini rom dRes realurad moqmed ideologiur Zalas<br />
warmoadgendes <strong>da</strong> igi qarTvelebs cxovrebis maswavleblad miaCndeT,<br />
cali TvaliT mainc Caixe<strong>da</strong>vdnen mis TxzulebebSi, raTa, Tun<strong>da</strong>c Zalian<br />
zereled, informaciis doneze, gaegoT, raze wer<strong>da</strong>, ras fiqrob<strong>da</strong> es<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani. ara<strong>da</strong>, rogoc biblioTekis direqtorma, zustad vici, rom<br />
stalins aravin kiTxulobs: vcdilob misi tomeulebi gavyido, gavaCuqo,<br />
magram msurvelebs ver vpoulob.<br />
ase rom, aranairi namdvili stalinizmi saqarTveloSi ar aris:<br />
seriozulad aravin apirebs komunisturi samoTxisken mimavali naTel<br />
gzaze gulagebis aSenebas <strong>da</strong> “xalxis mtrebis” masobriv Jletas.<br />
samagierod, arian butaforuli stalinistebi, romlebic saopereto<br />
paTosiT acxadeben, rom saWiroa “sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>mangrevlebis”,<br />
“xalxis moRalateebis” <strong>da</strong> “mSromelTa mZarcvelebis” <strong>da</strong>patimreba <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>xvreta. magram am “<strong>da</strong>xvretas” realurad xalxis <strong>da</strong>Wera-<strong>da</strong>xocvasTan<br />
saerTo araferi aqvs. TviT am gancxadebaSive naTlad ikiTxeba qveteqsti<br />
_ msgavsi arafris gamkeTeblebad Cven ver gamovdgebiTo (arc erTi<br />
namdvili mJleteli Tavis zraxvebze ase sajarod ar yviris). metic, Cveni<br />
viTomstalinistebi, araTu ver ganaxorcieleben, realurad verc ki<br />
isurveben amas. ubralod, aseTi formiT gamoxatavs es, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
sakmaod asakovani, xalxi protests dRevandeli cxovrebisadmi,<br />
romelSic Tavisi adgili ver monaxa, romelsac veraferi gaugo <strong>da</strong>,<br />
amitom, uZluri boRmiTa <strong>da</strong> mrisxanebiT aris savse; gamoxatavs wesrigis,<br />
“magari xelisa” <strong>da</strong> garantirebuli ulufis monatrebas...<br />
amgvarad, saSinao TvalsazrisiT, stalinistur-komunisturi<br />
safrTxe aCrdilis saxiTac ki ar gvemuqreba. samagierod, saerTaSoriso<br />
arenaze gvifuWebs stalinis saxeli saqmes, radgan visac hgonia, rom<br />
stalini gaigo, eCveneba, rom qarTvelis bunebac esmis. kargad maxsovs,<br />
erTi ucxoelis SeniSvna: “qarTvelebs manmade araferi geSvelebaT, sanam<br />
aRfrTovanebulebi iqnebiT imiT, xvarazmSas vaJi ra muxanaTurad mokla<br />
Tqvenianmao”. im kacs marTla sjero<strong>da</strong>, rom qarTvelebs aseTi ambebi<br />
mogvwons. veragoba <strong>da</strong> sisastike, ris gansaxiereba<strong>da</strong>c iqca stalini<br />
msofliosTvis, Cven mogvewereba nacionalur Tvisebebad.<br />
ras warmoadgens Cveni xalxisTvis stalini dRes? _ rakiRa<br />
msofliosTvis Cveni eri naklebar aris cnobili, realurad,<br />
qarTvelebisTvis stalini ga<strong>da</strong>iqca mxolod simbolur niSnad<br />
kacobriobis winaSe sakuTari arsebobis <strong>da</strong>safiqsireblad (oRond, ara
umetes amisa), imis aRsaniSnad, rom sadRec aseTi nacionalobis xalxi<br />
cxovrobs. ritorikis doneze, Cven gviWirs uari vTqvaT a<strong>da</strong>mianze,<br />
romelic Cveni modgmi<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze ufro cnobilia msoflioSi (TumcaRa,<br />
sinamdvileSi, misi azrebisa Tu saqmeebisa Zalian cota ram Tu<br />
gvainteresebs, isic _ mxolod gulisamaCuyebeli <strong>da</strong> saSinlad<br />
primitiuli miTebis doneze). rom arsebobdes romelsame sferoSi<br />
cnobilobis TvalsazrisiT masTan Sesa<strong>da</strong>ri saxeli, garwmunebT, stalins<br />
yvela advilad <strong>da</strong> sixaruliT Seeleo<strong>da</strong> (aba, romeli gonieri qarTveli<br />
ityo<strong>da</strong> uars, rom msoflios vaJa-fSavelaTi vcnobodiT <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
staliniT?).<br />
ase rom, dRes stalini mxolod simboloa <strong>da</strong> sxva araferi.<br />
simbolos ki erTi Tviseba aqvs: igi metismetad ganzogadebulia,<br />
metismetad pirobiTia <strong>da</strong>, amitom. iolad SeiZleba sxva simboloTi<br />
SeiCvalos.<br />
4. isev <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
axla ki droa, moxsenebis ZiriTad Temas _ patriotisms<br />
mivubrundeT. ra aris <strong>patriotizmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> riT gansxvavdeba igi<br />
<strong>nacionalizmi</strong>sgan? <strong>patriotizmi</strong> _ e saris, uwinares yovlisa, eTnikuri<br />
prioritetebis nacvlad, saxelmwifoebrivi prioritetebiT azrovneba;<br />
RirebulebaTa sistemis mTavar orientirebad, eTnikuri elementebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
eTnikur-kulturuli <strong>identobis</strong> SenarCunebis amocanaTa nacvlad,<br />
saxelmwifos, misi instituciebisa <strong>da</strong> atributebis ga<strong>da</strong>qceva.<br />
sicxadisTvis <strong>da</strong>vazusteb: Cemi azriT, simarTlesTan yvelaze ufro<br />
miaxloebuli, axali msoflios realobi<strong>da</strong>n amozrdili <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare, yvelaze perspeqtiuli <strong>da</strong> yvela TvalsazrisiT sasargeblo<br />
aris am cnebis amerikuli ganmarteba, romlis mixedviT <strong>patriotizmi</strong><br />
zustad igivea, rac loialoba saxelmwifo institutebisadmi.<br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong> TviT eris, naciis gagebasac cvlis: <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> erad<br />
miiCnevs eTnoss an genetikur-kulturulad monaTesave eTnosTa<br />
erTobliobas. misTvis erovnebas eTnikuri warmomavloba gansazRvravs.<br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong>sTvis Sinaarsi cnebisa “eri” (“nacia”), metnaklebobis gareSe,<br />
emTxveva saxelmwifos mosaxleobas (miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad eTnikuri <strong>da</strong> TviT<br />
rasobrivi erTgvarovneba-siWrelisa).<br />
Cven dRes swored aseTi sasicocxlo amocanis winaSe vdgavarT,<br />
oRond, Zalian gviWirs amis gacnobiereba: aucilebelia Camoyalibeba<br />
Tanamedrove tipis <strong>patriotizmi</strong>sa, roca qarTul saxelmwifo<br />
institutebisadmi loialuri moqalaqeebi Seadgenen qarTvel nacias <strong>da</strong><br />
es qarTveli nacia ar iqneba arc martoden qarTuli eTnosi, arc<br />
qarTvelur subeTnosTa erToblioba _ qarTveli eri zustad <strong>da</strong>emTxveva<br />
saqarTvelos mosaxleobas. ase, rom qarTuli <strong>patriotizmi</strong>, romelic<br />
dRes Canasaxovani formiT arsebobs, Zalas moikrebs mxolod maSin,<br />
rodesac Cven sisxlxorceulad <strong>da</strong>vinteresdebiT, riT suldgmuloben
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva eTnosebi, ra survilebiT, amocanebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
imedebiT cxovrobs aTeul <strong>da</strong> aseulaTasobiT aqauri somexi,<br />
azerbaijaneli, osi... patriotuli cnobierebis sisustisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganuviTareblobis niSania is garemoeba, rom dRes Cveni mosaxleobis<br />
mniSvnelovan nawils moswons sxva eTnosebisadmi agdebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. amgvar ganwyobas patriotizmTan saerTo araferi aqvs,<br />
es qarTuli sabWoTa (<strong>da</strong> cota ufro adrindeli) <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s<br />
rudimentia, romelic Cvens Tvalwin ixrwneba <strong>da</strong> sasicocxlo sivrces<br />
wamlavs mSenebare qarTul saxelmwifoSi.<br />
zemoTqmuli<strong>da</strong>n cxadi un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom qarTuli <strong>patriotizmi</strong><br />
sabWoTa kavSiris dros ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> verc iarsebeb<strong>da</strong> _ es<br />
SeuZlebelia koloniur qveyanaSi. maSin arsebob<strong>da</strong> mxolod qarTuli<br />
nacionalizme, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sayrdeni iyo <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s<br />
diametrulad sapirispiro movlena _ saxelmwifo institutebis, lamis<br />
siZulvilamde misuli, ugulebelyofa. axlac Zalian gvirTulebs saqmes<br />
is garemoeba, rom <strong>nacionalizmi</strong>s Suqze uamravi simaxinje saxes icvli<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>, keTilSobilebas Tu ver iZen<strong>da</strong>, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misatevebel<br />
“sicelqed” gamoiyurebo<strong>da</strong>. ase magaliTad, yvela qarTveli kombinatori<br />
<strong>da</strong> qurdi “kacur kacad” <strong>da</strong> “karg mamuliSvilad” iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>, radgan is<br />
Zarcvav<strong>da</strong> cud imperias. axla ki Zalian gviWirs imis gageba, rom<br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong> infantiluri <strong>da</strong>, kidev uaresi, <strong>da</strong>unuri iqneba, vidre yvela<br />
korumpirebuli naZirala isev kacuri kacis saxeliT <strong>da</strong> gul<strong>da</strong>mwvari<br />
mamuliSvilis pretenziebiT ivlis. ara<strong>da</strong>, gonebrivad srulfasovani<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis TiTqos Zneli misaxvedri ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom <strong>patriotizmi</strong><br />
armoparvasac niSnavs.<br />
saerTos, imperiisTvis ucxoa saxelmwifo institutebisadmi<br />
loialoba <strong>da</strong>, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, <strong>patriotizmi</strong>: sabWoTa kavSiris ceka <strong>da</strong><br />
sasamarTlo aravis uyvar<strong>da</strong>, rusebis CaTvliT. e.w. “sabWoTa patriotebs”<br />
eamayebo<strong>da</strong>T saxelmwifos erT-erTi elementi _ armia. swored aseTia<br />
calmxrivoba, SezRuduloba qmnis imperialistur cnobierebas, romelic<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n Sobili fsiqologiur-msoflmxedvelobrivi arasrulfasovnebis<br />
kompensacias imiT axdens, rom mudmivad eqspansiaze aris orientirebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tavisi qveynis militaruli Zalmosilebis Segneba atkbobs.<br />
qarTuli <strong>patriotizmi</strong>s Camoyalibeba Zalian gagvirTula imanac,<br />
rom Cven jer ver SevZeliT iseTi saxelmwifos aSeneba, sa<strong>da</strong>c moqalaqe<br />
_ bednieri <strong>da</strong> Rirseuli arsebobis Sanss vin Civis, _ ubralod,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianad mainc igrZnob<strong>da</strong> Tavs. Cvens cnobierebaSi kargi qarTveloba<br />
dResac mTavrobis cocxal-mkvdris ginebasTan aris gaigivebuli.<br />
SeuZlebelia, axla Cvens Soris vinmem patriotobad dRevandeli<br />
prezidentisadmi 2 loialoba <strong>da</strong> misi erTguleba miiCnios.<br />
ara<strong>da</strong>, sxvagvari <strong>patriotizmi</strong>, ubralod ar arsebobs. Cven un<strong>da</strong><br />
avaSenoT iseTi saxelmwifo, romelic gveyvareba. cudi prezidentisa <strong>da</strong><br />
xelisuflebis gineba patriotebad ver gvaqcevs (xolo cudis qeba rom,<br />
2 igulisxmeba prezidenti SevardnaZe.
<strong>patriotizmi</strong> ki ara, an unamusoba an idiotizmi, es TavisTavad cxadi un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos). aucilebelia gvyavdes qebis Rirsi prezidenti, ministrebi,<br />
parlamenti <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo, raTa <strong>patriotizmi</strong> Camoyalibdes.<br />
im a<strong>da</strong>mianis cnobiereba, romelic amayobs qarTvelobiT, magram<br />
ambobs, rom Svils jarSi ver gauSvebs, katastrofulad aris<br />
<strong>patriotizmi</strong>sgan <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli. es SeiZleba iyos an metismetad Clungi <strong>da</strong><br />
arasrulfasovani <strong>nacionalizmi</strong> an kidev _ eTnikurobis is Sre, vTqvaT<br />
xaWapursa <strong>da</strong> xinkalze mijaWvas rom iwvevs. am magaliTi<strong>da</strong>nac cxadi un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos, rom <strong>patriotizmi</strong> mxolod moqalaqis mcdeloba-mondomebiT ver<br />
Camoyalibdeba. saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas iseTi armia, sa<strong>da</strong>c moxvedra<br />
yovelmxriv sasargeblo <strong>da</strong> sasaxelo iqneba <strong>da</strong> ara iseTi _ mxolod<br />
Tavisive jariskacebis sicocxlisTvis rom aris ukiduresad saSiSi <strong>da</strong><br />
saxifaTo <strong>da</strong> _ meti aravisTvis de<strong>da</strong>miwis zurgze.<br />
mokled, Cveni xalxis amocana, vfiqrob naTelia _ Cven un<strong>da</strong><br />
SevqmnaT kargi saxelmwifo, amis gareSe patriotobis aranairi Sansi ar<br />
gvaqvs.<br />
rodis gveqneba Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong> srulfasovani <strong>patriotizmi</strong>? _<br />
maSin roca patriotuli fraza iqneba _ ara: “vasruleb ilias<br />
naanderZals!” an “win axali didgorisaken!”, arc “mamuli, ena,<br />
sarwmunoeba”, <strong>da</strong> arc, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, “me miyvars qarTveli xalxi”, aramed _<br />
“yoymanisa <strong>da</strong> orWofobis gareSe vemorCilebi saqarTvelos prezidentis<br />
(an parlamentis, an uzenaesi sasamarTlos) ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas (miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
imisa, ramdenad xelsayreli <strong>da</strong> momgebiania igi CvenTvis)!!!”.<br />
5. mTavari amocana _ Tanamedrove saxelmwifos Seqmna<br />
ai, mivadeqiT mTavar sagans Cveni imedebisa <strong>da</strong> mRelvarebisa _<br />
saxelmwifos, romlis gareSe ver gaCndeba d aver iarsebebs <strong>patriotizmi</strong>.<br />
ras warmoadgens Tanamedrove saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> ra niSnebi aqvs mas?<br />
uwinares yovlisa, kargad un<strong>da</strong> gavicnobieroT, rom Tanamedrove<br />
saxelmwifo _ dR vandel viTarebaSi ganviTarebis perspeqtivis mqone <strong>da</strong><br />
sicocxlisunariani nacionaluri erToba _ di<strong>da</strong>d gansxvavdeba im<br />
politikuri warmonaqmnebisgan, romlebsac amave saxeliT aRniSnavT, ara<br />
mxolod arqaul epoqebSi, Sua saukuneebSi an renesansis xanaSi, aramed<br />
TviT XIX saukunesa <strong>da</strong> XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSic ki.<br />
amis gauazrebloba dro<strong>da</strong>dro uimedobasa <strong>da</strong> fatalizmamde misul<br />
sasowarkveTas badebs Cveni sazogadoebis garkveul nawilSi _<br />
gveCveneba, rom yvelam didi xania aaSena saxelmwifoebi, xolo Cven<br />
katastrofulad CamovrCiT <strong>da</strong> ukve arafris Sansi aRar gvaqvs. es aris<br />
didi Secdoma.<br />
Tanamedrove saxelmwifod mxolod is nacionaluri erToba<br />
SeiZleba CaiTvalos, romelSic mosaxleobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikur an<br />
socialur jgufs (fenas) ga<strong>da</strong>ulaxavi winaaRmdegobebi ar ubiZgebs<br />
mudmivi <strong>da</strong>pirispirebisken <strong>da</strong> dR mu<strong>da</strong>m <strong>da</strong>nawevrebiT an ganadgurebiT<br />
ar emuqreba qveyanas, rac iZulebuls xdis mas mTeli Tavisi
inteleqtualuri <strong>da</strong> materialuri resursi erTianobis yvela<br />
saSualebiT SenarCunebas Sealios.<br />
amas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, cxadi gaxdeba, rom iseT SesaniSnav<br />
adgilebSi, rogoric aris pirines, apeninis <strong>da</strong> balkaneTis<br />
naxevarkunZulebi saxelmwifoebad yalibdebian espaneTi, Italia <strong>da</strong><br />
saberZneTi. dRes cdilobs saxelmwifod Camoyalibebas TurqeTi.<br />
saxelmwifod ver iqca <strong>da</strong>, samwuxarod, rogorc Cans, verc iqceva<br />
Israeli, romlis mosaxleoba <strong>da</strong>uZleveli winaaRmdegobiT aris<br />
<strong>da</strong>xleCil-<strong>da</strong>Sorebuli: Zneli warmosadgenia, arabma <strong>da</strong> ebraelma<br />
eTnosebma erTi nacia Seqmnan.<br />
vTqvaT, espaneTs rac Seexeba, Tu <strong>da</strong>vakvirdebiT,<br />
frankosdroindeli espaneTi, Tanamedrove gagebiT, saxelmwifo ar iyo:<br />
ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> erTi faseulobac ki, romelic baskebs, katalonielebs,<br />
sevilielebs <strong>da</strong> iqaur arabebs erT sazogadoebad gaaerTianeb<strong>da</strong><br />
(samxedro Zala, cxadia, asset faseulobad ver CaiTvleba). iq axlac<br />
mudmivi gulmodgine politikuri <strong>da</strong> ideologiuri Zalisxmeva aris<br />
saWiro nacionaluri erTobis misaRwevad. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, mosaxleobis<br />
garkveuli nawili dResac miiCnevs, rom sakuTar saxelmwifoSi ki ar<br />
cxovrobs, aramed viRacis mier iaraRis ZaliT Sekowiwebul iseT cud<br />
imperiaSi, romelsac SegiZlia sindisis qenjnis gareSe nebismieri<br />
saSualebiT (maT Soris teroriT) <strong>da</strong>upirispirde.<br />
qarTul saxelmwifobriobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli uimedobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
nihilizmis gasamarTleblad, xSirad moixmoben xolme asset argumentebs:<br />
Cven ver avaSenebT saxelmwifos, radgan saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba; radgan ar gvyavs demokratiis anbanis mcodne<br />
kanonmorCili mosaxleoba; radgan mZime tvirTad gvawevs sabWourtotalitaruli<br />
<strong>da</strong> ufro Soreuli warsuli <strong>da</strong> a.S. magram, saxelmwifos<br />
arc xalxis ganaTlebis done qmnis <strong>da</strong>, miT umetes, arc warsuli.<br />
saxelmwifos qmnis politikuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba <strong>da</strong> erovnuli cxovrebis<br />
mTavar miznad SerCeuli prioritetebi.<br />
suc cota xnis win <strong>da</strong>iwyo saxelmwifos Seneba TurqeTSi <strong>da</strong>, am<br />
mxriv, ukve seriozul warmatebebsac miaRwies. ara<strong>da</strong>, ganaTlebis doniT<br />
TurqeTis mosaxleoba Cvensas ar aRemateba, xolo warsuls rac Seexeba<br />
_ seriozulad veravin ifiqrebs, rom Turquli cxovrebi<strong>da</strong>n raRac<br />
demokratiuli un<strong>da</strong> gamomdnariyo (TurqeTi dR sac ar aris<br />
demokratiuli qveyana <strong>da</strong> verc im donis saazrovno elitiT <strong>da</strong>ikvexnis,<br />
rogoric, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, saqarTveloSi arsebobs). TurqeTis saxelmwifo<br />
<strong>da</strong>ba<strong>da</strong> ideam: “modi, gavxdeT evropelebi!” iq Zalian Wkvianurad<br />
moiqcnen: roca TvalnaTliv <strong>da</strong>inaxes, rom partiebi evropuli arCevnis<br />
garantiad ver gamodgebodnen, samxedro ga<strong>da</strong>trialebis Semdeg<br />
<strong>da</strong>savluri orientaciis fun<strong>da</strong>mentad vest pointSi momzadebuli<br />
oficrebi mogvevlinen. TurqeTs Zalian mniSvnelovani msxverplis<br />
gaReba moux<strong>da</strong>: man faqtobrivad uari Tqva islamze, rogorc cxovrebis<br />
wesze. madloba RmerTs, Cven msgavsi araferi mogveTxoveba.
an kidev sxva magaliTi: dRevandeli iaponia Seqmna omis Semdeg<br />
miRebulma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebam _ un<strong>da</strong> avaSenoT <strong>da</strong>savluri tipis<br />
saxelmwifo, ganvaviTaroT eleqtronika, manqanaTmSenebloba <strong>da</strong> a.S. iqac<br />
moux<strong>da</strong>T arCevnis gakeTeba <strong>da</strong> msxverplis gaReba _ arc erTi iena ar<br />
CaudiaT iaponur kulturaSi. Sedegi dRes yvelasTvis aSkaraa:<br />
saxelmwifoc aSen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arc iaponuri kultura <strong>da</strong>Rupula.<br />
ra maZlevs imeds, rom Cven saxelmwifos avaSenebT (xolo es,<br />
erTxelac gavimeoreb, aris patriotuli imedis erTaderTi saxeoba)? _<br />
swored is, rac Cveni nacionalistebis mrisxanebas <strong>da</strong> sasowarkveTamde<br />
misul uimedobas iwvevs: <strong>da</strong>wyebulia avtoritetebis msxvreva _ CvenSi<br />
arasdros ar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> warsulze gulwrfeli saubari, axla gaCn<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>vit aRmaSeneblisa <strong>da</strong> ilia WavWavaZis kritikis saSualeba. arc<br />
inteligenciaSi, arc politikosTa Soris aRar arseboben a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />
romelTa azrs mosaxleobis met_naklebad angariSgasawevi masa<br />
endobo<strong>da</strong>. xdeba totaluri desakralizacia _ siwmindis Saravandeds<br />
hkargavs yvelaferi, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli ritualuri guruli Rvezeli<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelic mxolod Soba Rames cxvebo<strong>da</strong>, axla ki larad iyidiT sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
gnebavT, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli qarTuli gramatikis normebiT, romelsac<br />
yvela ise irgebs, rogorc moexaliseba (enaTmecnierebis institute<br />
veRarafers <strong>da</strong>akanonebs, radgan kontrolirebis meqanizmi ar gaaCnia).<br />
TavisTavad, amaSi bevri araferia imedismomcemi <strong>da</strong> gulgasaxari,<br />
magram me mjera Senaxvis kanonisa: Tu xdeba raRacis deskralizeba <strong>da</strong><br />
raRac kargavs avtoritets, imedi un<strong>da</strong> viqonioT, rom, sakralur Tu ara,<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi, Seuval avtoritets SeiZens raRac sxva <strong>da</strong> yvelaferi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gavakeToT, raTa es sxva swored saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> misi institutebi<br />
gaxdes.<br />
ganviTarebuli qveynebis magaliTze SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom<br />
saxelmwifos CamoyalibebasTan erTad, inteleqtualebis fena mowydeba<br />
xalxs, <strong>da</strong>mTavrdeba inteligenciis <strong>da</strong>Saqruli JRurtuli “sayvarel<br />
ubralo xalxze, mSobeli eris suls <strong>da</strong> Rirsebas rom inaxaven”.<br />
saxelmwifoSi xalxi iqneba “autaneli” anu Cveulebrivi, samagierod,<br />
“asatani” anu mowesrigebuli iqneba TviT qveyana <strong>da</strong> misi institutebi.<br />
Zalian mokled rom Sevajamo saTqmeli un<strong>da</strong> moxdes moZraoba<br />
iracionaluri “samSoblo _ dedis ZuZui<strong>da</strong>n” racionaluri “rZisken” _<br />
saxelmwifosken. Cven varT samSoblos Svilebi (“patriotebi”), romlebic<br />
vSobT nacionalur saxelmwifos.<br />
swore des aris Cemi moxsenebis de<strong>da</strong>azri: mTavaria, SevinaxoT<br />
Cveni Tavi, SevinarCunoT Cveni identoba. <strong>da</strong> Tu amis gakeTeba SeuZliaT<br />
kanonebs, maSin araferSi mWirdeba ukanono Senaxva. maSin, <strong>da</strong>e,<br />
literaturis maswavlebelma aswavlos is, rac evaleba <strong>da</strong> nuRar<br />
Seinaxavs nacionalizms iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c ami adgili ar aris (nacionalizms<br />
Tavisi patroni eyoleba). Tu qveynis prezidenti iqneba Cemi erovnuli<br />
<strong>identobis</strong> Senaxvis garanti, maSin aRar SemeSindeba, qarTuli<br />
istorii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> kulturi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli <strong>da</strong> samzareuloTi <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli,<br />
yvelafers <strong>da</strong>varqva Tavisis saxeli <strong>da</strong> yvelaferze vTqva is, rasac
vfiqrob. xolo, Tuki aseTi garanti ar iarsebebs, maSin raRa <strong>da</strong>mrCenia,<br />
an “namdvili qarTvelebis” siyvaruls un<strong>da</strong> CavebRauWo, an _ didgoris<br />
oms, am _ “vefxistyaosans”, an sulac _ sacivs.
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