bioorganuli qimia
bioorganuli qimia
bioorganuli qimia
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nomenklatura<br />
nomenklatura wesebis sistemaa, romelic TiToeul<br />
naerTs calsaxa saxelwodebas aniWebs. es saxelwodebebi<br />
gamosaxavs: a) naerTis bunebriv wyaros (magaliTad, laq-<br />
toza gamoyofili iqna rZidan. laT. lactum _ rZe); b) naer-<br />
Tis gansakuTrebul Tvisebas (magaliTad, saxelwodeba<br />
glicerini warmoiSva misi tkbili gemos gamo. berZ. glucus _<br />
tkbili); g) naerTis miRebis meTods (magaliTad, piroyurZen-<br />
mJava miiReba yurZenmJavas pirolizis Sedegad); d) naerTis<br />
gamoyenebis sferos (magaliTad, askorbinmJavas iyenebdnen<br />
suravandis sawinaaRmdegod. laT. Skorbut _ suravandi, `a~ _<br />
uaryofis maCvenebelia).<br />
saxelwodebebi farTod gamoiyeneba mravali bunebrivi<br />
naerTis (aminmJavebi, naxSirwylebi, alkaloidebi, steroi-<br />
debi) da samkurnalo preparatis dasaxelebisas.<br />
ufro srulyofilia da farTod gamoiyeneba Canacvle-<br />
biTi nomenklatura, romlis mixedviTac Tavdapirvelad<br />
axdenen fuZemdebluri struqturis (aciklur naerTebSi<br />
aseTia mTavari naxSirwyalbaduri jaWvi, xolo karbo- an<br />
heterociklur naerTebSi _ cikli) SerCevas. naerTis sa-<br />
xelwodeba warmoiqmneba fuZemdebluri struqturis saxel-<br />
wodebis fuZisagan, sufiqsisagan (es ukanaskneli aRniSnavs<br />
CamnacvlebelTa bunebas, ricxvsa da adgilmdebareobas).<br />
Camnacvleblebi iyofa or jgufad: 1) naxSirwyalba-<br />
duri radikalebi da aranaxSirwyalbaduri maxasiaTebeli<br />
jgufebi; 2) maxasiaTebeli jgufi, romelTa miTiTeba xdeba<br />
an TavsarTSi, an daboloebaSi. am jgufis Camnacvlebel-<br />
TaTvis dawesebulia ufrosobis rigi.<br />
8<br />
I. isazRvreba ufrosi maxasiaTebeli, anu funqciuri<br />
jgufi (naxSirwyalbaduri bunebis Camnacvlebeli, romelic<br />
ganapirobebs naerTis mikuTvnebas gansazRvruli klasi-<br />
sadmi da amave dros gansazRvravs mis tipur qimiur Tvi-<br />
sebebs), romelic ganapirobebs saxelwodebis daboloebas;<br />
ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi.<br />
menToli Sedis validolis (menTolis 25-30%-iani xsnari<br />
izovalerianmJava meTilis eTerSi) SemadgenlobaSi. am<br />
naerTSi `ufrosia~ hidroqsilis jgufi, romelic ganapi-<br />
robebs naerTis saxelwodebis daboloebas (oli). naxSir-<br />
badatomebis danomvras vawarmoebT saaTis isris moZraobis<br />
mimarTulebiT. menTolis saxelwodeba iqneba 2-izopropil-<br />
5-meTilcikloheqsanol-1.<br />
H 3 C<br />
bronqialuri asTmisa da sxva alergiuli daavadebis<br />
dros gamoiyeneba alkaloidi efedrini. am naerTSi `uf-<br />
rosi~ hidroqsilis jgufia, romelic ganapirobebs naerTis<br />
saxelwodebis daboloebas.<br />
4<br />
3<br />
5<br />
OH<br />
—<br />
CH 3<br />
2<br />
C H<br />
6<br />
1<br />
CH 3<br />
CH 3<br />
—<br />
— CH — CH — NHCH3<br />
9<br />
OH<br />
menToli<br />
efedrini
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