kerZo seqtori da ganviTareba - EUGBC
kerZo seqtori da ganviTareba - EUGBC
kerZo seqtori da ganviTareba - EUGBC
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<strong>kerZo</strong> <strong>seqtori</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>ganviTareba</strong><br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba<br />
(RirebulebaTa zrdis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>)<br />
mixeil ToqmaziSvili<br />
sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>sma<br />
sawarmoTa urTierTobis qselSi mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo sawarmoTa seqtors mniSvnelovani<br />
roli ekisreba konkurentuli garemos CamoyalibebaSi,<br />
socialuri uTanabrobis Serbilebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saqmebis zr<strong>da</strong>Si. mcire sawarmoebi<br />
qmediT rols TamaSoben siRaribis <strong>da</strong>ZlevaSi.<br />
isini moqnilad <strong>da</strong> swrafad reagireben bazris<br />
cvlilebebze, advilad iTviseben axal produqcias<br />
<strong>da</strong> ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d orientirebuli arian<br />
adgilobriv bazrebze. mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebis stabiluri <strong>da</strong> kombinirebuli<br />
urTierTobebi <strong>da</strong> msxvil <strong>da</strong> globalur sawarmoebTan<br />
maTi konkurentunarianoba aris<br />
sawarmoTa sicocxlisunarianobisa <strong>da</strong> sargeblis<br />
zrdis winapiroba, romelic Rirebulebis<br />
zrdis saxeliTaa cnobili.<br />
RirebulebaTa zrdis jaWvi aerTianebs mimwodeblebis,<br />
mwarmoeblebisa <strong>da</strong> momxmareblebis<br />
mier saboloo produqtis Seqmnisa <strong>da</strong><br />
moxmarebis mTel process. am sistemaSi<br />
TiToeuli rgolis Rirebulebis zr<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia meoreze <strong>da</strong> maTi racionaluri<br />
<strong>da</strong> efeqturi kavSirebi mimarTulia erToblivi<br />
ZalisxmeviT xarjebisa <strong>da</strong> riskebis Semcirebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> produqtisa <strong>da</strong> moxmarebis<br />
gazrdisaken. es aris vertikaluri <strong>da</strong> hirozontaluri<br />
kavSirebis qseli, sa<strong>da</strong>c partnioruli<br />
urTierTobebis gziT izrdeba<br />
rogorc TiToeuli rgolis sargebeli, ise<br />
stabiluri xdeba maTi saqmianoba. calke<br />
sawarmo ver iqneba warmatebuli, Tu igi gaer-<br />
Tianebuli ar aris kargad koordinirebul<br />
RirebulebaTa zrdis mTlian jaWvSi,<strong>da</strong>wyebuli<br />
nedleulis SeZeni<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong>mTvrebuli<br />
produqciisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis realizaciiT <strong>da</strong><br />
misi Semdgomi servisebis miwodebiT.<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri <strong>ganviTareba</strong><br />
dRevandel etapze orientirebulia msoflio<br />
ekonomikiaSi integraciis gaRrmavebaze. am<br />
mizniT xorcieldeba ekonomikis liberalizacia<br />
<strong>da</strong> biznesis xelSemwyobi garemos Camoyalibeba,<br />
rac pir<strong>da</strong>pir zemoqmedebs<br />
konkurenciis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
sawarmoTa qselis ganviTarebis<br />
procesze.<br />
rogorc empiriuli <strong>da</strong>kvirvebebi cxadyofen,<br />
dRes saqarTveloSi biznes-erTeulebs ar aqvT<br />
bazarze Sesvlis problemebi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
amisa, mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis wili RirebulebaTa<br />
Seqmnis mTlian jaWvSi kvlav umniSvneloa<br />
biznesis SemzRudveli mravali im<br />
faqtoris gamo, romlebmac ver Seuwyves xeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> SezRudes produqciisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis<br />
<strong>ganviTareba</strong>.<br />
Cvens naSromSi biznes-garemos srulyofisaTvis<br />
reformebis prioritetuli mimar-<br />
Tulebebis gansazRvris mizniT aqcenti<br />
gakeTebulia mewarmeobis rogorc makro-,<br />
aseve mikrogaremos <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebaze, bazrebis<br />
politikisa <strong>da</strong> regulirebis (mag.,<br />
konkurenciis politika, subsidireba, licenzireba,<br />
logistika <strong>da</strong> sxv.) analizze, im maregulirebel-instituciur<br />
<strong>da</strong><br />
infrastruqturul sakiTxebze, romlebic zemoqmedeben<br />
<strong>da</strong> qmnian sawarmoebis konkurentunarianobis<br />
ganviTarebis barierebs<br />
resursebis miwodebis, warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> realizaciis<br />
erTian ciklSi, avlenen mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebSi warmoSobil im<br />
winaaRmdegobebs, romlebic xels uSlian maT<br />
<strong>ganviTareba</strong>s RirebulebaTa zrdis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
etapze <strong>da</strong> moqmedeben sawarmoebis SeasaZleblobebze,<br />
maT momgebianobasa <strong>da</strong> unarze moemsaxuron<br />
momxmarebels.<br />
arsebuli mdgomareoba<br />
saqarTveloSi 90-ian wlebSi mosaxleobis socialuri<br />
problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wris mizniT<br />
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam aqcenti gaakeTa<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>ze<br />
<strong>da</strong> 1996 wels parlamentis mier miRebuli socialuri<br />
ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebis<br />
koncefciaSi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeoba<br />
aRiarebul iqna qveynis socialurekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimar-<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
Tulebad. 1999 wlis 23 ivliss ki miiRes kanoni<br />
`mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris<br />
Sesaxeb~, romelic Semdeg, 2006 wlis 24 maiss,<br />
gauqm<strong>da</strong>.<br />
2003 wlis noembers, `vardebis revoluciis~<br />
Semdgom periodSi safuZveli eyreba e.w.<br />
`radikalurad liberaluri~ ekonomikis<br />
principebis ganxorcielebas, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c,<br />
ekonomikis yvela <strong>seqtori</strong> imarTeba mxolod<br />
Tavisufali sabazro kanonebis<br />
Tanaxmad <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo arc erT seqtors ar<br />
aniWebes prioritets.<br />
amave periodSi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong> recesiul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. 2003<br />
wels am sawarmoebSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli iyo momuSaveTa<br />
50,6 % <strong>da</strong> mTlian gamoSvebaSi maTi er-<br />
Toblivi wili 20,6 %-s Seadgen<strong>da</strong>, Semdgom<br />
periodSi igi Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> 2008 wels mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo sawarmoebSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
momuSaveTa 40,1 % <strong>da</strong> maTi erToblivi wili<br />
mTlian gamoSvebaSi 17,3 %-mde Semcir<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong>saSualo sawarmoebis wili mTlian brunvaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamoSvebaSi (procentobiT)<br />
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br />
brunva 24 22.5 23 18.7 14.5 15.6<br />
gamoSveba 20.6 20.3 21.5 18.9 16.1 17.3<br />
wyaro: saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
saministro, statistikis departamenti.<br />
dRes saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zr<strong>da</strong> Ziri-<br />
Ta<strong>da</strong>d msxvili sawarmoebis wilad modis <strong>da</strong><br />
mzardi tendenciac aqvs. rac Seexeba mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo sawarmoebis konkurentunarianobasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> efeqtianobas, <strong>da</strong>balia <strong>da</strong> mcirdeba. isini<br />
susta<strong>da</strong>a ganviTarebuli.<br />
saqarTveloSi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis<br />
ZiriTadi segmentia: vaWroba, mrewveloba,<br />
restornebi, finansuri Suamavloba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania soflis meurneobaSi mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo mewarmeoba. soflad cxovrobs<br />
mosaxleobis naxevari. mcire zomis fermebi<br />
awarmoeben sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis<br />
82 %-s <strong>da</strong> TiTo fermerze saSualod mxolod<br />
0.88 ha miwa modis. aqe<strong>da</strong>n mxolod 8-10 % aris<br />
orientirebuli bazarze gasayi<strong>da</strong>d, <strong>da</strong>narCeni<br />
Sinameurneobebis Si<strong>da</strong> moxmarebisaTvis aris<br />
gankuTvnili. didi zomis fermebi awarmoeben<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis 10 %-s,<br />
romelic realizdeba bazarze. es garemoeba<br />
a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom sasoflo-sameurneo warmoeba<br />
mTlianad <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
zomis mewarmeobaze, rac xasiaTdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>balefeqtianobiT <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, <strong>da</strong>balkonkurentunarianicaa,<br />
xolo maTi Rirebulebis<br />
Semdgomi zr<strong>da</strong> Zalian SezRudulia.<br />
biznesis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi reformebi.<br />
2005 wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli xelisuflebam<br />
radikalurad gaaumjobesa saqarTvelos<br />
sainvesticio klimati, axali samewarmeo<br />
kanonebis SemoRebiT ki gaamartiva biznesis<br />
regulireba. reformebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Seexo<br />
sawarmoTa registraciis gamartivebas. aqcenti<br />
gakeT<strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> administraciuli<br />
regulirebis zedmeti xarjebis<br />
Semcirebaze. biznesis <strong>da</strong>wyebisaTvis xarjebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> registraciis xangrZlivoba mniSvnelovnad<br />
Semcir<strong>da</strong>. 10-jer Semcir<strong>da</strong> moTxovna minimalur<br />
sawesdebo kapitalze. biznesis registraciis<br />
delegireba sasamarTloebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
notariusi<strong>da</strong>n mox<strong>da</strong> saga<strong>da</strong>saxado departamentze<br />
<strong>da</strong> Seiqmna vaWrobis, ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis `erTi sarkmlis~ principiT registraciis<br />
pirobebi.<br />
2005 wels amoqmed<strong>da</strong> licenzirebis axali<br />
kanoni, romelmac 150 licenzia <strong>da</strong> nebarTva<br />
<strong>da</strong>tova, nacvlad adre arsebuli 950-sa, rac<br />
iyo biznesis garemos gaumjobesebisaken win<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli mniSvnelovani nabiji.<br />
sagrZnoblad Semcir<strong>da</strong> licenzirebis procedura<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi gacemis va<strong>da</strong>c.<br />
am <strong>da</strong> sxva instituciurma reformebma<br />
SezRu<strong>da</strong> biznesSi xelisuflebis Careva, biurokratizmi<br />
<strong>da</strong> korufcia. aman Seamcira<br />
transaqciuli xarjebi <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo gax<strong>da</strong><br />
biznesSi erT-erTi warmatebuli reformatori<br />
qveyana. 2008 wlis `biznesis keTebis~<br />
moxsenebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelom 112 adgili<strong>da</strong>n<br />
me-15 adgilze ga<strong>da</strong>inacvla. mewarmeebs<br />
gaumartiv<strong>da</strong>T bazarze Sesvlis instituciuri<br />
pirobebi. yovelive amis Sedegad 2005-2008<br />
wlebSi mkveTrad gaizar<strong>da</strong> mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebis raodenoba, radgan gamartiv<strong>da</strong><br />
biznesis <strong>da</strong>wyeba <strong>da</strong> Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naxarjebi.<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
olo periodis erT-erT warmatebul reformad<br />
iTvleba axali saga<strong>da</strong>saxado kodeqsis<br />
miReba, romelmac mniSvnelovnad Secvala <strong>da</strong><br />
gaamartiva ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi. amis Sedegad Semcir<strong>da</strong><br />
mewarmeebis fiskaluri tvirTi. dRes<br />
21 ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>rCa mxolod 6 saxis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi. dRg 20 %-<strong>da</strong>n 18 %-mde Semcir<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mogebis ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi 2009 wli<strong>da</strong>n 20 %-<strong>da</strong>n 15 %mde<br />
Semcir<strong>da</strong>, fizikuri pirebis saSemosavlo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi 2009 wli<strong>da</strong>n _ 25 %-<strong>da</strong>n 20 %-mde,<br />
xolo qonebis ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi TviTSefasebuli<br />
qonebis 1 %-s Seadgens.<br />
2009 wli<strong>da</strong>n 2012 wlamde ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT<br />
kidev ufro Semcirdeba. ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebis<br />
Semcireba xels uwyobs rogorc<br />
biznesis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s, aseve ekonomikis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s. gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos erTerTi<br />
maprofilebeli <strong>da</strong>rgis _ mevenaxeobisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> meRvineobis <strong>ganviTareba</strong> adgilobrivad<br />
wamoebul Rvinoebze aqcizis gauqmebiT.<br />
aseve winga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabiji iyo 2007 wels<br />
axali sabaJo kanonmdeblobis miReba. aman 16<br />
saxis sabaJo ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi samamde Seamcira.<br />
gauqm<strong>da</strong> adre arsebuli sabaJo ganakveTebi 1<strong>da</strong>n<br />
25-%-mde <strong>da</strong> SemoRebul iqna axali<br />
ganakvTebi 0, 5 <strong>da</strong> 12 %-is odenobiT. 2006 wels<br />
tarifebis Semcirebis Sedegad saqarTveloSi<br />
vaWroba srulad gax<strong>da</strong> liberalizebuli<br />
arasasoflo-sameurneo produqtebze (zogierTi<br />
mcire gamonaklisis gar<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong><br />
mniSvnelovnad _ sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebze.<br />
gauqm<strong>da</strong> sabaJoze arsebuli biurokratia<br />
<strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli,<br />
samedicino-sanitaruli <strong>da</strong> veterinaruli samsaxurebi.<br />
saeqsporto procedurebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
simartivem, msoflio savaWro organizaciis<br />
wevrobam <strong>da</strong> evropis samezoblo politikam Seqmna<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis saeqsporto<br />
saqmianobaSi monawileobis pirobebi. amis<br />
kargi magaliTia Rvinisa <strong>da</strong> Txilis warmoeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi evrokavSiris bazrebze realizacia. es<br />
produqtebi ZiriTadi saeqsporti nawarmia,<br />
romlis nedleulsac <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 20-mde<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarme Seisyidis fermerebisagan,<br />
evrokavSirTan preferenciuli<br />
savaWro reJimi ki xels uwyobs misi Rirebulebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s. am produqtebis ZiriTadi upiratesobebia<br />
evrokavSiris bazrebze maTze<br />
moTxovnis zr<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>bali Rirebuleba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
savizo reJimis gamartivebam <strong>da</strong> tur-operatorebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebis liberalizaciasTan<br />
erTad (turizmi<strong>da</strong>n Semosavali eqsportis<br />
kategoriasTan aris gaTanabrebuli <strong>da</strong> igi gan-<br />
Tavisuflebulia dRg-gan) infrastruqturis<br />
gaumjobesebam xeli Seuwyo turizmis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s<br />
saqarTveloSi, raSic ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
CarTuli arian saojaxo meurneobebi <strong>da</strong> mcire<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSualo zomis sastumroebi <strong>da</strong> tur-operatorebi.<br />
amasTan, saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebulma<br />
qalaqebis rekonstruqciis proeqtebma (q. ba-<br />
Tumsa <strong>da</strong> q. siRnaRSi) uzrunvelyves mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo sawarmoebis Rirebulebis zr<strong>da</strong> turizmis<br />
infrastruqturis sferoSi.<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis procesi <strong>da</strong>emyara xelisuflebis<br />
mier inicirebul proeqtebs, romlebmac<br />
horizontalurad <strong>da</strong>agrZeles<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis jaWvi, Tumca am periodSi<br />
ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra am jaWvis rekonfiguracia.<br />
amdenad, 2005-2008 wlebSi instituciurma reformebma<br />
Seqmnes saxarbielo sainvesticio<br />
garemo <strong>da</strong> Tavisufali samewarmeo saqmianobis<br />
pirobebi, ramac xeli Seuwyo biznesis swraf<br />
<strong>ganviTareba</strong>s.<br />
makroekonomikurma stabilurobam <strong>da</strong> biznesis<br />
axalma regulirebam gazar<strong>da</strong> gamoSveba <strong>da</strong><br />
gayidvebi. gaizar<strong>da</strong> axal mewarmeTa raodenobac,<br />
magram bazrebis funqcionireba<br />
SeizRu<strong>da</strong> ramdenime ganmsazRvreli faqtoris<br />
gamo:<br />
• saqarTvelos ekonomikis struqturi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare, msxvili mewarmeebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
ganlagebulia ga<strong>da</strong>mamuSavebel <strong>da</strong> mopovebiT<br />
mrewvelobaSi. isini <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli arian importirebul<br />
produqtze <strong>da</strong> naklebad sargebloben<br />
adgilobrivi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebis momsaxurebiT, rac ar iZleva<br />
horozontaluri kavSirebis <strong>da</strong> konkurentuli<br />
garemos gaZlierebis saSualebas.<br />
• mcire mewarmeoba ar aris vertikalurad<br />
mkacrad integrirebuli <strong>da</strong> kavSiri<br />
mewarmeebsa <strong>da</strong> myidvelebs Soris ar aris<br />
mkacrad gansazRvruli, rac, marTalia, qmnis<br />
axali firmebis bazarze Tavisufali Semosvlis<br />
SesaZleblobas, magram maT mudmivi<br />
mimwodeblebi ar hyavT <strong>da</strong> Sesyidvebic<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT xarjiania. Sesabamisad, Seferxebu-<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
lia miwodebis Rirebulebis zr<strong>da</strong>. es<br />
ganakuTrebiT gamovlin<strong>da</strong> msubuqi mrewvelobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgebSi.<br />
• miwodebis RirebulebaTa zrdis Seferxebis<br />
Sedegad zogierTi <strong>da</strong>rgi, sa<strong>da</strong>c ZiriTadi mimwodeblebi<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeebi iyvnen,<br />
mTlianad ganidevna bazri<strong>da</strong>n. maT<br />
Caenacvla importirebuli produqcia. importma<br />
mTlianad <strong>da</strong>Trguna, magaliTad,<br />
safeiqro mrewveloba, nawilobriv ki _<br />
soflis meurneobisa <strong>da</strong> kvebis produqtebis<br />
warmoeba.<br />
• vertikaluri integraciisa <strong>da</strong> geografiuli<br />
segmentaciis, aseve, de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi (sezonurad<br />
rekreaciul zonebSi) myidvelebisa <strong>da</strong> gamyidvelebis<br />
koncentraciis maRali xarisxis Sedegad<br />
konkurencia regionul bazrebze <strong>da</strong>rCa<br />
susti.<br />
• <strong>da</strong>balia regionuli bazari <strong>da</strong> misi koncentraciis<br />
done, xolo qveynis masStabiT mcire<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebi uTanabrod arian warmodgenili.<br />
maTi 60 % ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Tavmoyrilia<br />
q. TbilisSi. es ki mniSvnelovnad aferxebs<br />
saqonlis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> miwodebis zr<strong>da</strong>s regionebSi.<br />
• saqarTvelo geografiulad <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
im bazrebisagan, sai<strong>da</strong>nac qveyana miiReb<strong>da</strong><br />
mniSvnelovan sargebels (ruseTi,<br />
evrokavSiri). ruseTis embargos SemoRebamde<br />
(2004 wels) saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n eqsportirebuli<br />
produqciis Rirebulebis zrdis jaWvi,<br />
sacalo vaWrobis CaTvliT, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT grZeli<br />
iyo, magram embargos Semdeg misi jaWvis rekonfiguracia<br />
Zalian nela xorcieldeba, ris<br />
Sedega<strong>da</strong>c mewarmeebs gauWir<strong>da</strong>T axal bazrebze<br />
Sesvla.<br />
• bazarze Tavisufali Semosvlisa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi<br />
warmoebis <strong>da</strong>balefeqtianobis gamo<br />
saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi nawarmiT vaWroba<br />
mniSvnelovnad Semcir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> dRes mxolod 11%<br />
vaWrobs adgilobrivad <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli produqtebiT.<br />
amasTan, mrewvelobis mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo mewarmeTa mxolod 2-3% yidis Tavis<br />
saqonels sazRvargareT. amis Sedegad ki<br />
konkurencia adgilobriv <strong>da</strong> ucxour sawarmoebs<br />
Soris am ukanasknelTa sasargeblod mimdinareobs.<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis jaWvSi<br />
globalurma tendenciebma adgilobrivi<br />
warmoebis naklovanebebi gamoavlina.<br />
• konkurenciis zemoqmedeba biznes-garemoze<br />
iqmneba bazarze ucxouri firmebis SemosvliTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gafarToebiT. es pozitiurad moqmedebs<br />
inovaciebsa <strong>da</strong> gayidvebis zr<strong>da</strong>ze,<br />
xolo inovaciis zrdis TvalsazrisiT adgilobrivi<br />
mewarmeobis zemoqmedeba konkurentul<br />
garemoze naklebad mniSvnelovani xdeba,<br />
vidre ucxouris.<br />
• genderuli TvalsazrisiT RirebulebaTa<br />
zr<strong>da</strong> (ender Inclusive Value Chain (IVC))<br />
mgrZnobiarea mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesSi.<br />
msxvil biznesSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebulia naklebi qali,<br />
vidre mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesSi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
amisa, mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebi umetesad<br />
maskularuli xasiaTisa <strong>da</strong> mamakacebi arian miwisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva uZravi qonebis ganmkargavebi.<br />
qalebis mcire biznesSi monawileobis maRali<br />
xarisxi <strong>da</strong> maT mier sakuTrebis flobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
marTvis <strong>da</strong>bali maCvenebeli xels uSlis qalis,<br />
rogorc Sinameurneobis mmarTveli subieqtis,<br />
potenciuri resursis gamoyenebas.<br />
barierebi <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis ganviTarebis<br />
ZiriTadi problemebis Rirebulebis zrdis<br />
TvalsazrisiT analizi gviCvenebs, rom<br />
bazarze Sesvlis <strong>da</strong> konkurentunarianobis<br />
gasaZliereblad mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
mewarmeobas axasiaTebs Semdegi ZiriTadi<br />
problemebi:<br />
teqnologiuri baza/kreditebis xelmisawvdomoba<br />
• dRes mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawamoTa sawarmoo<br />
simZlavreebi <strong>da</strong> teqnologiebi ar Seesabameba<br />
saerTaSoriso stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs. es mdgomareoba<br />
gansakuTrebiT savalaloa eleqtroenergiis,<br />
airisa <strong>da</strong> wylis warmoeba-ganawilebis <strong>da</strong>rgSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c teqnologiebi saWiroebs modernizacias.<br />
es garemoeba arTulebs sawarmoo sim-<br />
ZlavreTa sruli ZaliT <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas<br />
teqnologiebis mwyobri<strong>da</strong>n gamosvlis riskis<br />
fasad, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c bolomde ver itvirTeba<br />
simZlavreebi <strong>da</strong> teqnologiebi.<br />
• investiciebis <strong>da</strong>bali done <strong>da</strong> sabanko kreditis<br />
maRali saprocenti ganakveTebi<br />
mniSvnelovnad amcirebs teqnologiebis<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
gamoyenebisa <strong>da</strong> mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebis<br />
SesaZleblobebs.<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis sferoSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT maRalia transaqciuli xarjebi.<br />
infrastruqtura, qalaqTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
naklebad ganviTarebulia <strong>da</strong> Zviri jdeba<br />
agrosamrewvelo qselis Senaxva. gacilebiT<br />
rTulia am sferoSi sesxebis miReba. girao<br />
SezRudulia misi dokumentaciisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ballikvidurobis<br />
gamo, rac mniSvnelovnad zrdis<br />
safinanso institutebis xarjebs. sezonurobis<br />
gamo am sferos <strong>da</strong>finanseba maRal riskTan<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
• soflis meurneobaSi fermebis mxolod 20%<br />
iyenebs teqnikur saSualebebsa <strong>da</strong> manqanebs,<br />
xolo 25-30%-s SeuZlia mxolod manqanuri<br />
teqnikis gamoyeneba. amasTan, arsebobs sarwyavi<br />
sistemebis, investiciebis, xarisxiani<br />
Sxam-qimikatebis <strong>da</strong> sxva infrastruqturis<br />
nakleboba, rac mcire fermerebisaTvis bazars<br />
naklebad xelmisawvdoms xdis. mcire fermebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>balefeqtianobis erT-erTi mizezia miwebis<br />
araswori <strong>da</strong>nawilebac, fermerebis marketingis<br />
unar-Cveevebisa <strong>da</strong> codnis arqona.<br />
fermerebs xeli ar miuwvdebaT saWiro mecnierul<br />
informaciaze. isini ver gadian<br />
Sesabamis treningebsa <strong>da</strong> konsultaciebs.<br />
ganuviTarebeli infrastruqtura ki gulisxmobs<br />
soflad ga<strong>da</strong>mamuSavebeli sawarmoebis<br />
ukmarisobas, sarwyavi <strong>da</strong> sadrenaJo sistemebis<br />
naklebobas, cxovelTa sakvebi bazis<br />
simwires <strong>da</strong> ferdobze sasoflo-samurneo<br />
teqnikis deficits, sasuqebisa <strong>da</strong> Teslis<br />
siZvires <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
• ukanasknel wlebSi energetikis xarjebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong> gax<strong>da</strong> mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeTaTvis<br />
konkurentunarianobis SezRudvis mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtori. Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT<br />
msoflio fasebis cvlilebas, saqarTveloSi<br />
misi zr<strong>da</strong> ganpirobebuli iyo xelisuflebis<br />
surviliT, es sfero investorebisaTvis<br />
mimzidveli maRali tarifebis <strong>da</strong>wesebiT gaexa<strong>da</strong>,<br />
gansakuTrebiT eleqtromiwodebaSi, rac<br />
mniSvnelovnad aZvireb<strong>da</strong> am nedleulis sawarmoTa<br />
mier Sesyidvebs.<br />
bazarze Sesvla/sabazro integracia<br />
• saxelmwifo reformebma gaaadviles<br />
sawarmoebis bazarze Sesvla, rac <strong>da</strong>debiTi<br />
muxtia mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis gan-<br />
viTarebisaTvis. sxva garemoebebi _ axlad<strong>da</strong>arsebuli<br />
kompaniebisaTvis saxelmwifo<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris programebis ararseboba, centraluri<br />
xelisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> municipalitetebis<br />
strategiis uqonloba <strong>da</strong> deficiti,<br />
teqnologiebis simcire, geografiuli mdebareoba,<br />
nedleulis xelmisawvdomoba <strong>da</strong><br />
gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong> codnis deficiti _ aris<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeebis susti mxareebi,<br />
rac sabolood zrdis xarjebs <strong>da</strong> qmnis maTi<br />
bazrebze Sesvlis barierebs.<br />
• gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, produqciis rekonstruqciisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> distribuciis ganviTarebisaTvis mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo mewarmeebi, msxvili mewarmeebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, ver iyeneben fasebis diskontirebis,<br />
produqciis xelSewyobisa <strong>da</strong> erToblivi<br />
reklamirebis stimulebs. aseTi saxis<br />
xarjebi maTTvis kritikuli xdeba finansuri<br />
saxsrebisa <strong>da</strong> perspeqtiul sferoebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamis ekosistemebSi investiciebis naklebobis<br />
gamo. yvela es faqtori moqmedebs, rogorc<br />
bazarze Sesvlis barieri, rac amcirebs<br />
maT momgebianobas, xels uSlis klasterebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Rirebulebis zrdis process <strong>da</strong>,<br />
Sesabamisad, abrkolebs mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebis integracias RirebulebaTa<br />
zrdis jaWvSi.<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo zomis sawarmoTa sabazro<br />
integraciis done ar aris Rrma, xolo logistika<br />
ar aris stabiluri. maT ar hyavT mudmivi<br />
mimwodeblebi <strong>da</strong> investiciebis naklebobis<br />
gamo arCeven mcire Rirebulebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
xarisxis masalas, rac Sesabamisad aisaxeba<br />
maTi produqciis xarisxze. marTalia, momxmareblebi<br />
nel-nela uars amboben <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
xarisxis produqciaze <strong>da</strong> es aiZulebs<br />
mewarmeebs, izrunon nedleulis xarisxze,<br />
maram amis Sdegad sul ufro mcirdeba adgilobrivi<br />
nedleulisa <strong>da</strong> masalebis miwodeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> mas Caenacvleba importirebuli produqcia.<br />
amasTan, gasaRebis susti meTodebi (zogjer<br />
realizacias awarmoeben mZRolebi,<br />
romlebsac ar gauvliaT treningebi) <strong>da</strong> sasawyobo<br />
meurneobis simcire zrdis maT xarjebs.<br />
• mcire mewarmeebs aqvT bazarze muSaobis<br />
patara gamocdileba, marketingSi naklebad<br />
aqtiurebi arian, gasaRebis arxebze aqvT <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
kontroli, ar awarmoeben bazrebis<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
gamokvlevas <strong>da</strong> maTi codna gayidvebis arxebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> momxmareblebis Sesaxeb aris umniSvnelo.<br />
maT ar aqvT marketinguli<br />
menejmentis gamocdileba. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, maTi<br />
codna saga<strong>da</strong>saxado kanonmdeblobaSi <strong>da</strong>balia.<br />
yovelive es ki maT ar aZlevs saSualebas,<br />
izrunon RirebulebaTa jaWvis<br />
elementebze <strong>da</strong> xarjebis Semcirebaze. amas<br />
emateba isic, rom mxolod mcire raodenobis<br />
msxvili <strong>da</strong> ucxouri kapitalia <strong>da</strong>interesdebuli<br />
im mcire <strong>da</strong> saSulo zomis sawrmoebis<br />
momsaxurebiT, romlebsac mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera sWirdeba.<br />
• msxvili sawarmoebis strategiuli<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi, romelic mimarTuli<br />
iqneba, rom miwodebis jaWvSi integrirebuli<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo zomis biznesi gaxados stabiluri,<br />
xeli Seuwyos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros maT<br />
winsvlas resursebiTa <strong>da</strong> kvalificiuri<br />
kadrebiT, gaaumjobesos menejmenti <strong>da</strong> metad<br />
xelmisawvdomi gaxados teqnikuri codna, inovaciebi,<br />
teqnologiebi, finansebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. (rac<br />
SesaZleblobas miscems mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
zomis sawarmoebs, rom bazarze Sesvlis barierebi<br />
advilad <strong>da</strong> mcire <strong>da</strong>naxarjebiT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>laxon), aRiarebulia, rogorc didi riski,<br />
romelic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod<br />
didi investiciebis safasurad.<br />
kvalifikacia <strong>da</strong> mwarmoebluroba<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebSi <strong>da</strong>balia<br />
Sromis mwarmoebluroba <strong>da</strong> kvalificirebuli<br />
kadrebisaTvis es sferoebi ar aris mimzidveli.<br />
amis magaliTia isic, rom Sromis<br />
anazRaureba, msxvil sawarmoebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
gacilebiT <strong>da</strong>balia saSualo <strong>da</strong><br />
gansakuTrebiT, mcire sawarmoebSi. Sedegad ki<br />
am sawarmoebSi SezRudulia kvalificiuri<br />
kadrebis, rogorc Rirebulebis zrdis resursis,<br />
gamoyeneba. sawarmoebs aqvT kvalificiuri<br />
kadrebis deficiti, gansakuTrebiT menejmentSi,<br />
rac xels uSlis sawarmoebSi Rirebulebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
• Sromis bazarze sawarmoebis strategia aris<br />
pasiuri <strong>da</strong> orientirebulia samuSao Zalis<br />
samuSao adgilTan a<strong>da</strong>ptaciaze. ar arsebobs<br />
sawarmoebis mier kvalifikaciis zrdis<br />
strategiac. kadrebis ga<strong>da</strong>mzadeba ar aris say-<br />
ovelTao, amitom sawarmoebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
bazarze arian orientirebuli, kvalificiuri<br />
Zalis mozidvaSi upiratesad Zvel midgomebs<br />
iyeneben <strong>da</strong> megobrebisa <strong>da</strong> nacnobobis<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias aniWeben upiratesobas.<br />
biznes-garemo/mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri servisi <strong>da</strong> stimulebi<br />
saqarTveloSi mcirea im sawarmoebis raodenoba,<br />
romlebic axorcieleben eqsportsa <strong>da</strong><br />
imports. maTi umravlesoba adgilobrivi<br />
mniSvnelobisaa. rogorc gamokvlevebi a<strong>da</strong>stureben,<br />
mewarmeebisaTvis arasatarifo barierebi<br />
ar warmoadgens tvirTs, rac<br />
ganpirobebulia eqsportis bunebiT. mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo mewarmeebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d ewevian soflis<br />
meurneobis — xilis, Txilis, bostneulis,<br />
agreTve, feradi liTonebisa <strong>da</strong> jarTis eqsports,<br />
manqanebis, samrewvelo teqnikisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva mcire sayofacxovrebo teqnikis imports.<br />
am produqtebis Rirebulebis zrdis procesi<br />
mokle cikls moicavs. saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n eqsporti<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Semoifargleba mxolod<br />
bunebriv resuresebiTa <strong>da</strong> nedleuliT.<br />
evrokavSirSi eqsportirebuli mxolod ori<br />
agrosamrewvelo produqcia, Rvino <strong>da</strong> Txili,<br />
Seesabameba sanitaruli <strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli<br />
Sesabamisobis sertifikatis moTxovnebs. samrewvelo<br />
produqcia mxolod fizikuri saxiT<br />
iwarmoeba. sawarmoebi ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebuli<br />
saboloo produqciis miwodebis nacvlad axdenen<br />
fizikuri produqciis miwodebis momsaxurebas.<br />
ucxoeli partniorebi ki<br />
uzrunvelyofen mniSvnelovan logistikur<br />
momsaxurebas <strong>da</strong> sertificirebas. mTavari<br />
mizezi, ris gamoc qarTuli kompaniebi ver axdenen<br />
eqsports evrokavSiris qveynebSi, aris<br />
xarisxisa <strong>da</strong> usafrTxoebis stan<strong>da</strong>rtis uqonloba.<br />
mewarmeebisaTvis ZiriTadi barieri<br />
aris saqonlis <strong>da</strong>bali xarisxi, ucxour bazrebze<br />
gasvlis sirTule, marketinguli unar-<br />
Cvevebis nakleboba <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
• instituciuri aspeqtiT saqarTveloSi<br />
sawarmoebi biznesis <strong>da</strong>begvris administrirebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT winaaRmdegobriv garemoSi<br />
imyofebian. rogorc gamoklevebi amtkiceben,<br />
saqarTveloSi saga<strong>da</strong>saxado organos<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli uflebebi mieniWa. saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
organoebTan <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebasTan <strong>da</strong>vaSi<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesi <strong>da</strong>Trgunulia,<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
adgan bazarze angariSsworeba jer kidev<br />
naRdi fuliT xdeba, xolo mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebi xSirad awydebian sirTuleebs<br />
biznes-saqmianobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli xarjebis<br />
aRiarebis dros; Sedegad mewarmeebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabegri Semosavali xelovnurad izrdeba,<br />
rasac xSirad emateba aralegaluri ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gazrdili jarimebi.<br />
• saxelmwifo antimonopoliuri samsaxuris<br />
gauqmebiT kidev ufro <strong>da</strong>iTrguna mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo biznesi, xolo <strong>kerZo</strong> sakuTrebis demontaJi<br />
<strong>da</strong> reprivatizaciis procesi ki<br />
yovelgvari kompensaciis gareSe xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c mravali mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
mewarme aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> samuSao farTis gareSe.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mtkivneuli gax<strong>da</strong> kanonis<br />
uzenaesobis <strong>da</strong>cvis sakiTxic (sakuTrebis<br />
uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> kontraqtebze samarTlebrivi<br />
zemoqmedeba). yovelive es ki<br />
aneitraleb<strong>da</strong> im pozitiur reformebs, romlebic<br />
xelisuflebam adre ganaxorciela biznesis<br />
regulirebis gamartivebiT.<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis procesze konkurentunarianobis<br />
zemoqmedebis zr<strong>da</strong> moiTxovs finansur<br />
disciplinas mimwodeblebis,<br />
kreditorebis <strong>da</strong> saga<strong>da</strong>saxado samsaxurebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n. kanonis uzenaesoba ki xels un<strong>da</strong><br />
uwyobdes axali an gaumjobesebuli produqtis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s, mesakuTrobis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s. es<br />
sakiTxebi refleqsurad aisaxa mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
mewarmeobis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>ze <strong>da</strong> aRniSnuli<br />
barierebis ga<strong>da</strong>laxva aris Rirebulebis<br />
zrdis mTeli qselis ganviTarebis sawin<strong>da</strong>ri.<br />
2007-2009 wlebSi xelisuflebam biznesis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri<br />
mniSvnelovani programebi ganaxorciela.<br />
fermerebis <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad 2007 wels<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyo 100 axali sawarmos programis ganxorcieleba.<br />
igi iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong> eqsportze orientirebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgebis, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d rZis <strong>da</strong> rZis<br />
produqtebis sawarmoebis <strong>da</strong>finansebas,<br />
soflis meurneobis pirveladi warmoebis,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisa <strong>da</strong> axali sawarmoebis amuSavebis<br />
gziT soflad mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>saqmebis <strong>da</strong><br />
Semosavlebis gaumjobesebas. SemuSav<strong>da</strong> `iafi<br />
kreditis~ proeqti soflis meurneobaSi eqsportze<br />
orientirebuli sawarmoebis <strong>da</strong>safinanseblad.<br />
maTi <strong>ganviTareba</strong> xels uwyob<strong>da</strong><br />
mcire fermerebis, rogorc nedleulis mimwodeblebis,<br />
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas. am-<br />
denad,es proeqtebi faqtobrivad jaWvurad<br />
aZelv<strong>da</strong> sargebels Rirebulebis zr<strong>da</strong>Si monawile<br />
sawarmoebs. Tumca isic un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos,<br />
rom mcire mewarmeobis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>ze pir<strong>da</strong>piri<br />
zemoqmedeba arc instituciurad <strong>da</strong><br />
arc finansurad ar xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebuli mxareebis roli<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>Si ZiriTadi<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebuli mxareebi arian saxelmwifo,<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeebi,<br />
msxvili biznesi, municipalitetebi, asociaciebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv. TiToeul maTgans sakuTari<br />
uflebamosilebis farglebSi SeuZlia xeli<br />
Seuwyos mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s,<br />
mis CarTvas RirebulebaTa Seqmnis qselSi,<br />
izrunos Rirebulebis zrdis xelisSemSleli<br />
barierebis aRmofxvrasa <strong>da</strong> stabilurobis ga-<br />
Zlierebaze.<br />
saxelmwifo ZiriTadi instituciuri<br />
cvliebebiT <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo programebiT un<strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofdes mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis<br />
xelSewyobas. amJamad qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi<br />
ar aris gansxvavebuli mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo mewarmeoba msxvili biznesisagan <strong>da</strong><br />
ar aris arc erTi normatiuli aqti, romelic<br />
upiratesad mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobas <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wras Seexebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebobs unificirebuli sistema,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeoba<br />
msxvil mewarmeobasTan erTad mogebis erTnairi<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabegri reJimiT ganisazRvreba. mxolod<br />
is mewarmeebi, romelTa wliuri<br />
Semosavali 100 aTas lars an ufro naklebs<br />
Seadgens, ganTavisufldnen dRg-is ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
magram aseTi mxolod mcire mewarmeebis<br />
nawilia, radgan kanonmdeblobiT mcire sawarmoebad<br />
iTvleba is, romlis Semosavali 500<br />
aTas larze naklebia. amdenad, es zRvari Zalian<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia imisaTvis, rom mcire<br />
mewarmeobas hqondes saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
xelSewyoba.<br />
2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos saomari<br />
konfliqtisa <strong>da</strong> finansuri krizisis<br />
Sedegad sawarmoebis mdgradobis Senar-<br />
CunebisaTvis aucilebeli gax<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n efeqtiani RonisZiebebis inicireba.<br />
dRes mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebi sax-<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
elmwifosagan mxolod `rbil~ mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras<br />
iReben, rac arasakmarisia maTi konkurentunarianobis<br />
gasaZliereblad. `rbili~ mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera<br />
mxolod segmentirebul sferoebSi<br />
ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>, mas arasistematuri xasiaTi<br />
aqvs. mxra<strong>da</strong>Weris sxva efeqturi <strong>da</strong> sistematuri<br />
formebi, anu, magaliTad, saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
SeRavaTebi, ar yofila gamoyenebuli.<br />
problemebis gasaneitraleblad saxelmwifo<br />
qveyanaSi droebiT adminitraciul RonisZiebebs<br />
axorcielebs. igi moklevadian<br />
Sedegebzea orientirebuli <strong>da</strong> mimarTulia<br />
erTi <strong>da</strong>rgi<strong>da</strong>n meoreze ekonomikuri sargeblis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebisaken. qveyanaSi ar aris Seqmnili<br />
xangrZlivi ekonomikuri strategia <strong>da</strong><br />
kompleqsuri programa imisaTvis, rom <strong>da</strong>icvas<br />
mewarmeoba, ar gamoiyeneba <strong>da</strong>zaralebul seqtorebSi<br />
iseTi efeqturi instrumentebi, rogoricaa<br />
wamaxalisebeli saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
SeRavaTebi <strong>da</strong> stimulebi, ris gamoc es instrumentebi<br />
mokle periodSi kargaven<br />
mniSvnelobas, xolo maTgan miRebuli sargebeli<br />
ki umniSvnelo xdeba mcire mewarmeobis<br />
gafarToebisaTvis.<br />
saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis<br />
organoebis mier strategiuli politikis SemuSaveba<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieleba, rogorc<br />
saga<strong>da</strong>saxado, ise programuli iniciativebis<br />
saxiT, mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis ganviTarebis<br />
instituciuri safuZveli un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos.<br />
biznes-partniorioba. msxvili sawarmoebi<br />
mcire biznesis ganviTarebis sabazro SesaZleblobebs<br />
mxolod maSin warmoqmnian, Tu isini<br />
warmoadgenen e.w. `diversificirebul korporaciebs~<br />
<strong>da</strong> iyeneben mcire biznesis upiratesobebs<br />
(magaliTad, saga<strong>da</strong>saxado SeRavTebs)<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva midgomiT (`outsorsingi~,<br />
strategiuli aliansi, droiTi TvlasazrisiT<br />
konkurencia, xarjebis xelsayreli menejmenti,<br />
`reinjineringi~ <strong>da</strong> sxv.) aZliereben<br />
partniorobas mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesTan.<br />
RirebulebaTa zrdis procesSi partnioroba<br />
aris kargi garanti imisaTvis, rom ganxorcieldes<br />
<strong>da</strong>finanseba <strong>da</strong> gaZlierdes finansuri<br />
nakadebi Rirebulebis zrdis erTi<br />
jaWvi<strong>da</strong>n meoreze, rac finansuri institutebisaTvis<br />
mTlian jaWvs gaxdi<strong>da</strong> mimzidvels.<br />
finansur institutebsa <strong>da</strong> Rirebulebis zr-<br />
<strong>da</strong>Si monawile agentebs Soris xidis gadeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Rirebulebis zrdis pir<strong>da</strong>piri <strong>da</strong>finanseba<br />
aris mewarmeTa riskebis Semcirebisa <strong>da</strong> finansuri<br />
nakadebis intensifikaciis gza, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
monawileobs myidveli, vaWari, mwarmoebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
bazris sxva subieqti. mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesisaTvis<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis <strong>da</strong>finansebis<br />
arapir<strong>da</strong>piri gza SeiZleba bankebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
msxvili sabiTumo vaWrebis monawileobiT<br />
ganxorcieldes. es procesebi saqarTveloSi<br />
mxolod Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSia.<br />
biznes-asociaciebi. mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
mewarmeebis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>Si arsebuli barierebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>laxvaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs<br />
rogorc mewarmeTa biznes-asociaciebis<br />
formireba <strong>da</strong> <strong>ganviTareba</strong>, aseve is institutebi,<br />
romlebic <strong>da</strong>exmarebian mewarmeebs<br />
ganaTlebis, informaciisa <strong>da</strong> sxva momsaxurebis<br />
miRebasa <strong>da</strong> gacvlaSi. rogorc<br />
gamokvlevebi cxadyofs, rCevebisTvis mcire<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis warmomadgenlebi<br />
iSviaTad mimarTaven biznes-asociaciebs. mar-<br />
Talia, arsebobs moTxovna biznes-asociaciebze,<br />
magram aq mewarmeebi ar wevriandebian,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n moqmedi asociaciebi sasurvel momsaxurebas<br />
ar sTavazoben TavianT klientebs _<br />
an am momsaxurebis xarisxia <strong>da</strong>bali, an safasuria<br />
maRali. biznes-asiciaciebis meSveobiT<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebs SeuZliaT<br />
konkurentunarianobis gaumjobeseba<br />
Sesabamisi momsaxurebis miRebiT, agreTve, lobisturi<br />
kampaniis warmoeba ukeTesi garemos<br />
Sesaqmnelad. bizness-asociaciebs SeuZliaT<br />
xeli Seuwyon sawarmoTa zr<strong>da</strong>s. amdenad, aucilebeli<br />
xdeba biznes-asociaciebis srulyofa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gaweva, rac<br />
xelisuflebasTan erTad donori <strong>da</strong> saerTa-<br />
Soriso organizaciebis prerogativa un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos.<br />
globaluri partnioroba <strong>da</strong> kooperacia.<br />
globalur bazrebSi <strong>da</strong> konkurenciaSi monawileobisas<br />
(magaliTad, soflis meurneobis<br />
produqtebis, mineraluri wylebis <strong>da</strong> Rvinoebis<br />
evrokavSiris bazarze gatanisas) firmebi<br />
gansxvavebuli xasiaTis winaaRmdegobas awydebian<br />
imis gamo, rom sawarmoebs an ar SeswevT<br />
unari Seafason potenciuri bazari, an ar<br />
ician xarisxis <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtis moTxovnebi. maT<br />
aqvT rogorc bazris gamokvlevis, ise logis-<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
tikuri <strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri problemebi. globalur<br />
bazrebze Sesasvlelad saWiro xdeba ara<br />
marto maTi warmoebis meTodebis srulyofa,<br />
aramed maTi menejmentisac. mTavari mizania<br />
sawarmo gaxdes globaluri Rirebulebis<br />
zrdis qselis monawile. am amocanis ga<strong>da</strong>WraSi<br />
sawarmoebs sWirdebaT mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera efeqturi<br />
logistikis formirebaSi, romelic moicavs<br />
auclebel infrastruqturas, instituciur<br />
garemosa <strong>da</strong> aseve, aucilebel biznesservisebs.<br />
amitom sawarmoTa klasterebSi kooperacia<br />
maT <strong>da</strong>exmareba maTi<br />
sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebaSi. mcire<br />
sawarmoebs ar SeuZliaT amis <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
gakeTeba, xolo globalur mimwodeblebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
mwarmoeblebs ar un<strong>da</strong>T individebze calcalke<br />
ifiqron. amitom miznobrivi kooperacia<br />
samrewvelo asociaciebTan, samTavrobo<br />
saagentoebTan <strong>da</strong> treningisa <strong>da</strong> sakonsultacio<br />
institutebTan maT globaluri Rirebulebis<br />
jaWvSi monawileobis saSualebas<br />
miscems. mwarmoebelTa asociaciaSi erToblivi<br />
saqmianoba aviTarebs maT SesaZleblobas<br />
saerTaSorios bazrebSi Sesasvlelad.<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis konkurentunarianobis<br />
<strong>ganviTareba</strong> un<strong>da</strong> moxdes rogorc<br />
xelisuflebis mier instituciuri meqanizmebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>nergviT, ise <strong>kerZo</strong> firmebs Soris partnioruli<br />
urTierTobebiTa <strong>da</strong> erToblivi<br />
ZalisxmeviT.<br />
qvemoT CamoTvlilia mewarmeobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
konkurenciis ganviTarebis startegiisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli xelisuflebis instituciuri<br />
prioritetebi:<br />
• saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo garemo<br />
SesabamisobaSi un<strong>da</strong> movides evrokavSiris<br />
konkurentul politikasTan. Tavisufali<br />
vaWrobis xelSekruleba (T) iseve, rogorc<br />
saqarTvelos valdebuleba, romelic<br />
gansazRvrulia partniorobisa <strong>da</strong> TanamSromlobis<br />
xelSekrulebiTa (C) <strong>da</strong> evropis samezoblo<br />
politikis samoqmedo gegemiT ( ),<br />
moiTxovs, rom partnior qveynebSi kanonmdebloba<br />
Seesabamebodes evropul sistemas<br />
konkurenciisa <strong>da</strong> momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> am TvalsazrisiT<br />
saqarTvelom cvlilebebi un<strong>da</strong> Seitanos Tavis<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />
• konkurenciis xelSemwyobi garemos<br />
formireba monopoliuri qcevebis SezRudviT,<br />
antitrastuli kanomdeblobis SemoRebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris SeqmniT;<br />
• aucilebeli ekonomikuri reformebis ganxorcieleba,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki agrosamrewvelo<br />
<strong>da</strong> kvebis produqtebis sanitarul <strong>da</strong><br />
fitosanitarul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebSi. saqarTvelos<br />
xarisxis regulirebis uzrunvelyofa ar aris<br />
SesabamisobaSi evrostan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan <strong>da</strong> moiTxovs<br />
mniSvnelovan maregulirebeli strategiis<br />
SemoRebas stan<strong>da</strong>rtizaciasa <strong>da</strong> xarisxis<br />
kontrolSi.<br />
• saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs specialurad<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis maregulirebeli<br />
normebi. saga<strong>da</strong>saxado kodeqsis srulyofa <strong>da</strong><br />
biznesis samarTlebrivi uflebebis gafar-<br />
Toeba, mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris<br />
gaZliereba jarimebisa <strong>da</strong> sauravebis<br />
liberalizaciiT, agreTve, <strong>da</strong>mwyebi biznesisTvis<br />
wamaxalisebeli saga<strong>da</strong>saxado SeRavaTebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>weseba an ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebisagan<br />
ganTavisufleba <strong>da</strong> sxva RonisZiebebi sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebis safuZvelze un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes.<br />
• msxvili sawarmoebi warmoqmnian mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo sawarmoebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi ekonomikur-organizaciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>intereseba mcire biznesSi gaizrdeba maSin,<br />
rodesac es ukanasknelni mas met ukugebas<br />
moutanen. mizanSewonilia specialuri<br />
ekonomiuri zonebis Seqmna sagasaxado SeRavaTebiT<br />
(ramdena<strong>da</strong>c saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />
iZleva saSualebas adgilobriv doneze<br />
Seiqmnas specialuri zonebi).<br />
• globaluri krizisis zemoqmedebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
ruseTTan SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sedegad<br />
2008 wlis bolo<strong>da</strong>n saqarTveloSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT Semcir<strong>da</strong> mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
biznesis ekonomikuri aqtivoba. mravalma maTganma<br />
Sewyvita funqcionireba, xolo sxvebi<br />
gakotrebis winaSe <strong>da</strong>dgenen. am mdgomareobas<br />
kidev ufro amZafreb<strong>da</strong> maTi sabanko<br />
<strong>da</strong>valianebisa <strong>da</strong> uimedo valebis zr<strong>da</strong>. am mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamosvlis mizniT mizanSewonilia<br />
xelisuflebam <strong>da</strong>iwyos saga<strong>da</strong>saxado<br />
amnistiis aprobirebuli modelis a<strong>da</strong>ptireba<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
qveyanaSi, xolo sabanko seqtorma ki izrunos<br />
valebis restruqturizaciaze, risTvisac<br />
gamoyenebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos saerTaSoriso<br />
donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili<br />
asignebebi.<br />
• kanonis uzenaesobis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> sakuTrebis<br />
konfiskaciis SemTxvevaSi, Tuki amas qalaqis<br />
imiji moiTxovs, kompensaciebis gacema Searbilebs<br />
gaurkvevlobas, gaaZlierebs<br />
makrostabilurobas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icavs sakuTrebis<br />
uflebas;<br />
• saWiroamcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis<br />
erTiani kompleqsuri <strong>da</strong> konkurentuli<br />
upiratesobebis strategiuli gegmis<br />
formireba, romelic inovaciur <strong>da</strong> eqsportze<br />
orientirebul ekonomikaze iqneba mimarTuli.<br />
am mizniT qveynis ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
ganviTarebis indikatur gegmebSi uzrunvelyofili<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis<br />
ganviTarebis raodenobrivi <strong>da</strong> xarisxobrivi<br />
parametrebis organuli kavSiri ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri, regionuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi ganviTarebis<br />
amocanebTan.<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> myari <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivmoqmedi saxelmwifo<br />
programebi (magaliTad, saprocento<br />
sargeblis <strong>da</strong>farvaSi Tanamonawileoba,<br />
treningebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.) xels Seuwyobs investiciebis<br />
zr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
• mizanSewonilia regionebis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
struqturis sistematuri monitoringi<br />
<strong>da</strong> im sferoebis gansazRvra, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
klasterebi moitanen sargebels. am mizniT<br />
saWiroa adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mudmivi<br />
dialogi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebTan<br />
(mrgvali magidebi, seminarebi, gamofenebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.). mcire biznesis xelSesawyobad saWiroa<br />
regionuli <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
uflebamosilebis gazr<strong>da</strong>, raTa TavianTi<br />
moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad mxari <strong>da</strong>uWiron<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s.<br />
• mniSvnelovania samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis <strong>seqtori</strong>s<br />
mdgomareobis <strong>da</strong> mewarmeobis<br />
ganviTarebis programebis ganxorcielebis<br />
regularuli analizi <strong>da</strong> kontroli maT Sesrulebaze.<br />
partnioruli urTierTobebis ganviTarebis<br />
aspeqtiT:<br />
• xelisuflebis mier inicirebuli pilotirebuli<br />
proeqtebi SeiZleba ganxorcieleds<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis klasterebis<br />
formirebiT <strong>da</strong> geografiuli an <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi<br />
principiT stimulirebiT. Sesabamisad saWiro<br />
gaxdeba mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri<br />
saagentos formirebac Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
saxelmwifo, xolo Semdeg ki komerciul<br />
sawyisebze. aseTi saagentos funqciebSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
Sevides komunikaciebi, treningebi, sabazro<br />
informacia, saerTod, globaluri partnioruli<br />
urTierTobebis formireba <strong>da</strong> sxv.;<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo biznesis mxar<strong>da</strong>mWeri<br />
organo, romelic moemsaxureba informaciiT,<br />
konsultaciebiT, Caatarebs treningebs <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva RonisZiebebs, SesaZlebelia asociaciebis<br />
formirebiT. asociaciebi uzrunvelyofen<br />
maTi gavlenis mopovebas bazarze. rac ufro<br />
organizebuli iqneba asociacia <strong>da</strong> eqneba efeqturi<br />
menejmenti, am asociaciaSi gaer-<br />
Tianebul sawarmoebTan ufro metad wamova<br />
kontaqtze safinanso <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebi, msxvili<br />
biznes-wreebi <strong>da</strong> maT gauadvildebaT partniorebTan<br />
kavSiris <strong>da</strong>myareba. aseTi kavSirebi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> Camoyalibdes rogorc manqana<strong>da</strong>nadgarebis<br />
gamoyenebaSi, aseve sawarmoo<br />
sferoSi, marketingul kavSirebSi <strong>da</strong><br />
kavSirebSi warmoebis saSualebebis miwodebaSi.<br />
asociaciis mTavar saqmianobas un<strong>da</strong> warmoadgendesmasSi<br />
gaerTianebuli mewarmeebis<br />
wardgena mTavrobisa <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso organizaciebis<br />
winaSe, sabazro ganaTleba, gasaRebis<br />
sistema <strong>da</strong> sareklamo saqminoba, iseTi<br />
aqciebis mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera, romlebic reklamas<br />
ukeTeben qarTul kompaniebsa <strong>da</strong> produqcias<br />
Sin <strong>da</strong> gareT. misi saqmianoba moicavs bro-<br />
Surebisa <strong>da</strong> sagazeTo publikaciebis gamocemas,<br />
aseve, regularuli sainformacio<br />
biuletenebis gamocemas ucxo qveynebis sael-<br />
CoebisaTvis; saerTaSoriso<br />
sakredito/teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis saagentoebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> savaWro organizaciebTan urTier-<br />
Tobas; ucxoeli myidvelebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
investorebis misiebs qveynis SigniT; saerTa-<br />
Sorios savaWro bazrebSi monawileobis<br />
xelSewyobas; saqarTveloSi seqtoruli<br />
gamofenebis mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras; kvleviT<br />
samuSaoebsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>ganviTareba</strong>s; programebs<br />
xarisxianobis, produqtiulobisa <strong>da</strong> xarjebis<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
kontrolis xelSesawyobad <strong>da</strong> sxv.;<br />
• mcire mewarmeebsa <strong>da</strong> ucxoel investorebs<br />
Soris urTierTobis xelSewyoba Sesabamisi<br />
saagentoebis, asociaciebis formirebiT un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganxorcieleds, rac gaaumjobesebs informaciis<br />
gacvlas, xarisxis kontrols, momsaxurebas;<br />
• mewarmeebis mier eleqtronuli ga<strong>da</strong>ricxvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva internet-infrastruqturis<br />
gamoyeneba mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSaulo mewarmeebis xarjebs. konkurentuli<br />
garemos formireba, alternatiuli usadeno<br />
<strong>da</strong> internet-teqnologiebis <strong>ganviTareba</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaxdes mTavari mimarTuleba eleqtronuli<br />
momsaxurebis bazarze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>finansebis aspeqtiT:<br />
• stimuli sWirdeba im bankebs, romlebic<br />
gascemen sesxebs mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeebze.<br />
komerciuli bankebisaTvis xelSewyobis<br />
preferenciuli politika mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
sawarmoebis <strong>da</strong>kreditebisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emyaros<br />
Sesabamisi maregulirebeli normebis<br />
srulyofas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac sabanko<br />
<strong>seqtori</strong>s aqtivoba warmarTuli iqneba<br />
klasterebisa <strong>da</strong> inovaciuri warmoebis <strong>da</strong>finansebaze.<br />
• saWiroa mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis<br />
sakredito, sagarantio sistemis formireba<br />
sesxebis riskis Semcirebis mizniT. normebi,<br />
romlebic mniSvnelovnad gaamartiveb<strong>da</strong> kreditebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobas <strong>da</strong> gazrdi<strong>da</strong> sakredito<br />
usafrTxoebis sistemas mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo<br />
mewarmeebisaTvis, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>emyaros Rirebulebis<br />
zrdis procesSi CarTul erTeulebs<br />
Soris pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong>kreditebasa Tu satrasto<br />
sesxebs, romlis pirobebic gansazRvruli<br />
iqneba fuladi saxsrebis mimwodeblebis mier.<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis safinanso<br />
arxebis gafarToeba SesaZlebelia maTi safondo<br />
birJebze monawileobis Sesabamisi<br />
meqanizmis formirebiTac.<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeTa sesxebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>brunebis riskis Semcirebis mizniT un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seiqmnas pirobebi, rom giraod iqnes<br />
gamoyenebuli mosavali, realizatorebTan<br />
(magaliTad sacalo qselTan) urTierToba <strong>da</strong><br />
xelSekrulebebi; inventari, Rirebulebis zr<strong>da</strong>Si<br />
monawile msxvil mewarmeTa reputacia <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv. partniorul urTierTobebze orientire-<br />
buli sakredito sistemis riskebis SemoReba<br />
gaaZlierebs mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeTa<br />
kreditunarianobas <strong>da</strong> SeasZlebels gaxdis<br />
riskebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis meqanizmis gamoyenebas.<br />
• mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis sabanko<br />
servisis gaumjobesebisaTvis safinanso momsaxurebis<br />
megzuris gamocema xels Seuwyobs<br />
mewarmeebSi safinanso kulturisa <strong>da</strong> wesrigis<br />
amaRlebas.<br />
saerTaSoriso donorebis mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera<br />
instituciuri mSeneblobisa <strong>da</strong> reformebis<br />
warmarTvis sferoSi aucilebelia donorebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmareba. maTi aqtivobis mTavari sfero un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos biznes-jgufebs Soris koordinaciis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera, warmomadgenlobiTi monawileoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis proeqtebis <strong>ganviTareba</strong><br />
klasterebsa <strong>da</strong> asociaciebSi.<br />
reziume<br />
saqarTveloSi ekonomikis struqturis susti<br />
mxarea is, rom mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebi<br />
ver asruleben ekonomikis qmediTi mamoZravebeli<br />
Zalis rols, maTi Sromis mwarmoebluroba<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia <strong>da</strong> bolo wlebSi maTi wili<br />
mSp-Si Semcir<strong>da</strong>. saqarTvelos ekonomikis generatori<br />
msxvili biznesia, romelic sustad<br />
aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebTan.<br />
naSromSi mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobaSi<br />
Rirebulebis zrdis Semaferxebeli ZiriTadi<br />
mizezebi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebulia, rogorc<br />
ekonomikur-organizaciuli, aseve instituciuri<br />
faqtorebis kuTxiT.<br />
instituciuri TvalsazrisiT, avtoris azriT,<br />
sawarmoebis <strong>da</strong>balkonkurentunarianobas<br />
gansazRvravs ga<strong>da</strong>saxadebis, regulirebis <strong>da</strong><br />
sakuTrebis uflebis <strong>da</strong>cvasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
transaqciuli xarjebi. naSromSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebulia, rom marTalia saqarTveloSi<br />
`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg biznes-garemo<br />
umjobesdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xelisufleba zrunav<strong>da</strong><br />
samarTlebrivi, saga<strong>da</strong>saxado, sabaJo <strong>da</strong> saer-<br />
Tod, infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaze, magram<br />
samewarmeo garemoze maTi zemoqmedebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi muxti xSirad neitraldebo<strong>da</strong> im instituciuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> administraciuli qmedebebiT,<br />
romlebic Trgunav<strong>da</strong> mewarmeobas <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisad, zrdi<strong>da</strong> sawarmoebis <strong>da</strong>naxarjs.<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
amasTan, mcire biznesis samewarmeo interesebi<br />
ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli saxelmwifo<br />
fiskalur politikaSi.<br />
ekonomikur-organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo zomis sawarmoebis cudi mobilizeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi koleqtiuri Zalisxmevis<br />
argamoyeneba aferxeb<strong>da</strong> investiciebis zr<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
sawarmoebis logistikis mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> xarjebis<br />
arsebuli politika moiTxov<strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
menejmentis mniSvnelovan gar<strong>da</strong>qmnas, xolo<br />
globaluri tendenciebis gaZliereba <strong>da</strong><br />
qveyanaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianTa resursebis nakleboba amwvaveb<strong>da</strong><br />
mewarmeobis problemebs <strong>da</strong> mcire biznesis<br />
RirebulebaTa ganviTarebis jaWvi<br />
ganuviTarebeli rCebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mcire <strong>da</strong> saSualo sawarmoebis analizisas avtori<br />
asabuTebs, rom Rirebulebis SeqmnaSi<br />
monawile yvela <strong>da</strong>interesebuli piris _ centraluri<br />
xelisuflebis, adgilobrivi<br />
mmarTvelobisa <strong>da</strong> municipalitetebis,<br />
msxvili mewarmeebis, bankirebis <strong>da</strong> asociaciebis<br />
partniorul TanamSromlobaze,<br />
ndobasa <strong>da</strong> racionalur mewarmeobaze aris <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli<br />
Rirebulebis sococxlisunarianobis<br />
zrdis procesi.<br />
avtoris mier warmodgenili rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
moicavs wina<strong>da</strong>debebis oTx jgufs: xelisuflebis<br />
mier gasatarebel instituciur RonisZiebebs,<br />
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
TviTmmarTvelobis samoqmedo aqtivobebs,<br />
samewarmeo sferoSi partnioruli urTierTobebis<br />
ganviTarebis mimarTulebebsa <strong>da</strong> mcire<br />
<strong>da</strong> saSualo mewarmeobis <strong>da</strong>kreditebis Sesa-<br />
Zlo sqemebs.<br />
н н ש <br />
н н н<br />
н н<br />
н н ש. н <br />
н н н <br />
н н н н <br />
, нש <br />
н <br />
нн н нн,<br />
н ннн н<br />
ש . н<br />
н н .<br />
н ש 90-н н<br />
н,<br />
н, <br />
нש н ש.<br />
gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi avtoriseulia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis an gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.
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