Zigni somx-qart.urt.-II gamocema_1.pmd

wm. wm. mefe mefe daviT daviT aRmaSeneblis aRmaSeneblis saxelobis 

saxelobis 

marTlmadidebeli marTlmadidebeli mrevlis mrevlis mrevlis kavSiri 

kavSiri 

somxeTi somxeTi _ 

_ 

mteri mteri Tu Tu moyvare? 

moyvare? 

anu 

anu 

ratom ratom iCemeben iCemeben somxebi 

somxebi 

650 650 eklesias 

eklesias 

Tbilisi 

Tbilisi 

2006 2006 

2006 

1

2 3 

wignSi ganxilulia qarTul-somxuri urTierTobis ZiriTadi 

sakiTxebi: somexTa saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis (Tavi III), qarTvel 

grigorianTa – qarTvelTa gasomxebis (Tavi IV), marTlmadidebluri 

taZrebis mitacebis (Tavi II), somexTa sarwmunoebis (Tavi VI), aseve, 

sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi. dasaxelebul Tavebs prologis magier 

(Tavi I) warvumZRvareT 2005 wlis noemberSi TbilisSi Catarebuli 

saerTaSoriso simpoziumis masalebi. am simpoziumze warmodgenili 

b-n l. isaxanianis moxseneba, faqtobrivad, iyo somxeTis eklesiis 

gancxadeba-moTxovna, rom saqarTvelos eklesiam unda gamoiCinos 

keTili neba da Tavis teritoriaze arsebuli 600-ze meti „somxuri” 

eklesia-nageboba „daubrunos“ somxeTis eklesias. 

mravali TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, gamogveqveynebina 

Cvens wignSi aSkara provokaciuli xasiaTisa da politikuri 

datvirTvis mqone ruka-cnobari (Tavi VII), romelic daibeWda ciurixSi 

da 1995 wels gamoica erevanSi, da romlis mixedviTac, somexTa 

mtkicebiT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze 650-ze meti somxuri saeklesio 

nagebobaa ganTavsebuli. 

wignSi mxilebulia somexTa antiqarTuli zraxvebi. dasabuTebulia 

somexTa gancxadebebisa da qarTvelTa mimarT pretenziebis usafuZvloba, 

aramecnieruloba da politikuri mizanSeuwonloba. qarTvelma xalxma 

unda gaisigrZeganos safrTxis realoba da, erTi mxriv, ar dauSvas 

saqarTvelos daqucmacebis Semdgomi etapi, xolo, meore mxriv, unda 

iRvawos ori xalxis megobruli damokidebulebisa da ori qveynis 

keTilmezobluri Tanaarsebobis damkvidrebisaTvis. 

wignze muSaobdnen: a. ungiaZe 

m. beriZe 

masala gamosacemad moamzada: a. ungiaZem 

gaformeba: a. ungiaZisa 

teqnikuri daxmareba: z. noniaSvilisa 

redaqtorebi: nino belTaZe da gulia CxaiZe 

ISBN 99940-53-06-X 

rogor rogor rogor rogor rogor wavikiTxoT wavikiTxoT wavikiTxoT wavikiTxoT wavikiTxoT wigni wigni wigni wigni wigni 

wigni Sedgeba ramdenime Tavisagan, romlebic erTmaneTTan 

Sinaarsobrivad mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli, magram 

damoukidebladac SeiZleba iqnes wakiTxuli. rogorc 

mogaxseneT, Cven SevecadeT, rom wignSi Cveneuli teqstebi 

naklebad yofiliyo. amitom wigni sxvadasxva avtorTa 

werilebidan amoRebul citatebze avageT. pirvelwyaro 

miTiTebulia citirebuli teqstis bolos (iSviaTad TavSi), 

kuTxovan frCxilebSi _ [...] _ Casmuli ricxviT, xolo Sesabamis 

pirvelwyaroTa CamonaTvali wigns boloSi davurTeT. citatebi 

kuTxovan _ « ... » _ brWyalebSi CavsviT. xSirad citatebi 

Tavad Seicaven citatebs. es ukanaskneli Cveulebriv _ „ ... “ 

_ brWyalebSia Casmuli. citirebuli teqstidan vizualurad 

gamorCevis mizniT, Cveneuli teqsti daxrili SriftiTaa 

akrefili. 

Cven madlobas movaxsenebT yvelas, romelTa naSromebma 

asaxva pova wignSi, gansakuTrebiT maT, vinc wignisTvis masalebi 

mogvawodes an rCevebi mogvces: batonebs _ bondo arvelaZes, 

aleqsandre abdalaZes, daviT kananels, guram marxulias, daviT 

WeliZes, beJan xoravas, levan CaCuas; qalbatonebs _ mariam 

yifians, mariam niaursa da Tea paiWaZes. madlobas vuxdiT: 

mariam burjanaZes koreqturisaTvis; natalia bendelians, bela 

nakans, nino WeiSvils, Tekla basiaSvils, nino mWedliSvils, 

ekaterine guguSvils, Tamar xarSilaZes, mariam giorgaZes, ledi 

da irakli bereJianebs _ teqnikuri daxmarebisaTvis. 

es wigni SemowirulobebiT ibeWdeba da, rogorc aRvniSneT, 

ar isaxavs miznad saxelis moxveWasa da komerciul mogebas. 

Tanxis Semomwirvelebi, rogorc namdvili qristianebi, ar 

iTxoven maTi saxelebis sagangebod aRniSvnasa da pativs. 

RmerTma SeuwiroT gaRebuli Tanxebi da, Cvenis mxriv, madlobas

4 5 

movaxsenebT maT. 

dasasrul, did madlobas vuxdiT Cvens sulier mamebs, 

Zmebsa da debs Tanadgomisa da SewevnisaTvis. madloba RmerTs 

da madloba Tqven! 

a. ungiaZe 

winasityvaoba 

winasityvaoba 

somxeTi somxeTi somxeTi somxeTi somxeTi _ _ _ _ _ mteri mteri mteri mteri mteri Tu Tu Tu Tu Tu moyvare? moyvare? moyvare? moyvare? moyvare? es kiTxva saukuneebs 

gasdevs. igi aqtualuria dResac. 

somexTa mier 22 saukunis win dawyebuli taceba qarTulisa 

_ miwisa, kulturisa, didebisa, saxelisa, saxelebisa da a.S. _ 

dResac grZeldeba. am tacebam gansakuTrebuli masStabebi, ruseTis 

saqarTvelos mimarT kolonizatorul-rusifikatoruli politikis 

wyalobiT, XIX saukuneSi SeiZina. XIX s. bolosa da XX s. 

dasawyisSi somxebSi kvlav aRorZinda idea „didi somxeTis 

aRdgenisa“ _ ruseTis daxmarebiT da mezobeli saxelmwifoebis, 

ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos xarjze. am ideis xorcSesxmas XX s. 

dasawyisSi somxeTis daSnakuri xelisufleba cdilobda, romlis 

politika xSirad avantiuristuli iyo. daSnakTa avantiuram Seiwira 

mravali aTasi somexis sicocxle TurqeTSi. daSnakTa avantiura 

iyo somxeTis omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, rasac mogvianebiT, 

bolSevikuri ruseTis wyalobiT, saqarTvelodan lore-taSiris 

CamoSoreba da somxeTTan mierTeba mohyva. 

dRes xdeba daSnakuri ideebis kvlav gacocxleba, romlis 

mizania saqarTvelodan javaxeTis mowyveta. am mizniT somexi 

moRvaweebis mier saqarTvelos istoriis totaluri gayalbeba 

kvlav mimdinareobs. javaxeTsa da somxeTSi amuSavebulia 

propagandistuli manqana. Sedegad mosaxleoba agitirebulia, masa 

_ aJitirebuli. sul ufro xSirad gaismis saqarTvelosTvis 

metad saxifaTo gancxadebebi javaxeTis avtonomiis moTxovnis 

Sesaxeb. 

„somxuri „somxuri „somxuri „somxuri „somxuri saqme“ saqme“ saqme“ saqme“ saqme“ 

«msoflio istoriaSi analogi ar moepoveba mezobeli qveynis 

mimarT iseT upativcemulobas, misi mTeli istoriuli warsulis 

gayalbebas, rogorc amas akeTeben somexi vaimecnierebi» [23]. 

„somxuri saqme“ „didi somxeTis“ „aRdgenis“ ideasa da 

mcdelobas ukavSirdeba. „didi somxeTis” Seqmnis gegma yovel 

droSi umTavresad qarTuli miwebis mitacebasa da qarTuli

6 7 

mosaxleobis gasomxebas gulisxmobda. marTlmadidebluri taZrebis 

mitaceba qarTvelTa gasomxebis umniSvnelovanesi etapi iyo, vinaidan, 

istoriulad, marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis ganmsazRvrel niSan- 

Tvisebad Camoyalibda. marTlmadideblobas SeenivTa qarTuli 

suliereba, zneoba, cnobiereba, kultura, yofa, tradicia da adaTwesebi. 

somxebis mier taZarwarTmeuli qarTuli mosaxleoba, _ 

daumoZRvravi, gauTviTcnobierebeli da umwyemsod STenili, _ 

iRebda somxur rjuls, ris Semdegac iwyeboda maTi gasomxebisa 

da asimilaciis procesi. am gziT iqna gasomxebuli aTasobiT 

qarTveli. 

am gzaze gansakuTrebul warmatebas somxebma XIX ss. II 

naxevarsa da XX ss. dasawyisSi miaRwies. sabWoTaAperiodSi 

gasomxebis procesi SeCerda, radgan bolSevikebma da maTma memkvidre 

komunistebma dRis wesrigSi daayenes mxolod erTi klasis, msoflio 

proletariatis, mogvianebiT ki erTi eris, _ sabWoTa eris _ 

formireba, ramac ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali mcire erebis 

viwro erovnuli miswrafebebi Seaferxa. Tumca somexTa 

saqarTveloSi dasaxlebis procesi, kanondarRvevebiTa da farulad, 

sabWoTa periodSic grZeldeboda. 

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg somxebSi kvlav gaiRviZa 

„didi somxeTis“ „aRdgenis“ ideam, _ ra Tqma unda, isev ruseTis 

daxmarebiT. magram perspeqtivebi iseTi masStaburi veRar aris, 

rogoric XIX s-Si iyo, rodesac gasomxebis procesi 

Sidasaxelmwifoebriv (ruseTis imperiis farglebSi) xasiaTs 

atarebda. postsabWoTa periodSi ki man saxelmwifoTaSorisi 

urTierTobebisa da konfliqtebis xasiaTi miiRo. Sedegad dainTo 

omis cecxli mTian yarabaxSi, aseve _ afxazeTsa da samaCabloSi. 

es ukanasknelni pirdapir ara, magram iribad mainc ukavSirdebian 

„somxur saqmes“. 

aSkaraa, rom javaxeTSi somxuri sepataratizmis gaRvivebas 

somxeTidan uwyoben xels. magaliTad, gazeTi „mecamori”, romelic 

somxeTSi ibeWdeba da antiqarTul da cruistoriul cnobebs 

mravlad Seicavs, axalqalaqis mosaxleobas TveSi erTxel ufasod 

urigdeba. magaliTisaTvis mogvyavs amonaridi akademikos suren 

aivazianis mier „mecamorSi“ gamoqveynebuli masalidan (ix. [22], 

gv.61): 

« ...es gazeTebi ar gegonoT saqarTveloSi ibeWdeba _ somxeTSi 

gamodis da xSirad CamoaqvT axalqalaqSi, sadac ufasod arigeben. 

iseTi rameebi weria, normaluri kaci Tavidan bolomde ver 

waikiTxavs... _ Tavidan bolomde lafSi varT amosvrilni. gamkiTxavi 

ki aravin aris... malulad ratom unda daarigon, vinmesi eSiniaT 

Tu ra?! TveSi erTxel, dRisiT, mzisiT, ramdenime aTas cals 

urigeben mosaxleobas. vinmem rom aukrZalos, erTi ambavi atydeba. 

gazeTSi separatistuli azrebis korianteli dgas, aq 

saqarTvelos istoria da qarTvelebis warmomavloba „axleburad” 

aris warmodgenili. gagacnobT ramdenime aseT nabodvars: 

„... „... „... saidan saidan aRmoCndnen aRmoCndnen qarTvelebi qarTvelebi saqarTveloSi? saqarTveloSi? saqarTveloSi? 524 

524 

wels wels wels Cvens Cvens eramde eramde somxeTis somxeTis somxeTis mefeT mefeT mefem mefem tigran tigran tigran I-ma 

I-ma 

dai dai pyro pyro espaneTi espaneTi (iber (iberia). (iber ia). iber iberebi iber ebi Camoasaxla Camoasaxla somxeTis 

somxeTis 

provincia provincia virqvrastanSi virqvrastanSi da da guris guris (guria) (guria) (guria) mxareSi. 

mxareSi. 

mmarTvelad mmarTvelad mmarTvelad ki ki maT maT dauyena dauyena somexi somexi naxarari naxarari (didi (didi Tavadi) 

Tavadi) 

dadiani dadiani (!)“. (!)“ 

(!)“ ...rogorc xedavT, qarTvelTa warmomavlobis problema 

xelis erTi mosmiT aris gadawyvetili. 

axla vnaxoT, saidan „gaCnda“ sityva „qarTveli“. 

„istorikosebis „istorikosebis cnobiT, cnobiT, „qarTis“ „qarTis“ fuZe fuZe ukavSirdeba 

ukavSirdeba 

ukavSirdeba 

„qurTs“. „qurTs“. rac rac Seexeba Seexeba somxeTis somxeTis am am CrdiloeTis CrdiloeTis CrdiloeTis provinciis 

provinciis 

rusul rusul rusul saxelwodebas saxelwodebas _ _ „gruzia“, „gruzia“, is is ukavSirdeba ukavSirdeba sityvas 

sityvas 

„gruzCiks“, „gruzCiks“, „gruzCiks“, muSas. muSas. muSas. swored swored swored es es es funqcia funqcia hqondaT hqondaT qarTvelebs, 

qarTvelebs, 

qarTvelebs, 

vidre vidre rusebs rusebs Seaviwroebdnen Seaviwroebdnen da da gabatonebul gabatonebul mdgomareobas 

mdgomareobas 

moi moi povebdnen“ povebdnen“» povebdnen“ [22]. [22]. 

[22]. 

«...rusebi «...rusebi dRevandeli dRevandeli saqarTvelos saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

teritoriaze 

mcxovrebi mcxovrebi uZvelesi uZvelesi xalxia(!). xalxia(!). aq aq isini isini Zveli 

Zveli 

welTaRricxvis welTaRricxvis III-I III-I aTaswleulebSi aTaswleulebSi cxovrobdnen. 

cxovrobdnen. 

mogvianebiT mogvianebiT mogvianebiT aq aq mosulma mosulma qarTvelebma qarTvelebma maTi maTi memkvidreoba 

memkvidreoba 

miiTvises miiTvises da da am am miwebis miwebis ZirZveli ZirZveli tomebis tomebis tomebis _ _ rusebisa rusebisa da 

da 

somxebis somxebis Seviwroeba Seviwroeba daiwyes... daiwyes... mcdaria mcdaria mcdaria mosazreba, mosazreba, TiTqos 

TiTqos 

qarTvelebma qarTvelebma Seqmnes Seqmnes TavianTi TavianTi samefo, samefo, e. e. i. i. saxelmwifo 

saxelmwifo 

1001 1001 1001 wels... wels... wels... pirvelad pirvelad qarTuli qarTuli saxelmwifo saxelmwifo warmoiSva 

warmoiSva 

1918 1918 wlis wlis 25 25 25 maiss... maiss... somxeTis somxeTis istoriis istoriis Tanaxmad, Tanaxmad, somxeTi, 

somxeTi, 

rogorc rogorc rogorc saxelmwifo, saxelmwifo, daarsda daarsda 2107 2107 wels wels Cvens 

Cvens 

welTaRricxvamde» welTaRricxvamde» [23]. 

[23]. 

«msgavsi „istoriuli daskvnebi“ „istoriuli faqtebiTve“ aris

8 9 

ganmtkicebuli: „roca „roca 1801 1801 wels wels imperatorma imperatorma pavle pavle I-ma 

I-ma 

saqarTvelos saqarTvelos samefo samefo gaauqma, gaauqma, samefo samefo kari kari maSin maSin mTlianad 

mTlianad 

somxuri somxuri warmomavlobis warmomavlobis warmomavlobis iyo. iyo. ukanaskneli ukanaskneli mefe mefe _ _ giorgi 

giorgi 

XII XII mamiT mamiT (erekle (erekle (erekle II) II) da da dediT dediT wminda wminda wminda somexi somexi iyo. iyo. 

iyo. 

samefo samefo kari kari somxur somxur enaze enaze laparakobda. laparakobda. am am enaze 

enaze 

gamoscemdnen gamoscemdnen brZanebebsac. brZanebebsac. es es arc arc arc aris aris gasakviri, gasakviri, radgan 

radgan 

yvelayvela qarTveli qarTveli Tavadi Tavadi somxuri somxuri warmomavlobisaa: warmomavlobisaa: baraTianbaraTian- 

baraTaSvili, baraTaSvili, WavWavian-WavWavaZe, WavWavian-WavWavaZe, adamian-javaxiSvili, 

adamian-javaxiSvili, 

saakian-saakaZe. saakian-saakaZe. erTaderTi erTaderTi qarTuli qarTuli warmomavlobis warmomavlobis gvari 

gvari 

aris aris gamrekeli. gamrekeli. sxvaTaSoris, sxvaTaSoris, qarTvelebisgan qarTvelebisgan miTvisebuli 

miTvisebuli 

petre petre bagrationi, bagrationi, borodinos borodinos gmiri, gmiri, sinamdvileSi sinamdvileSi sinamdvileSi petros 

petros 

ovanesis ovanesis Ze Ze bagratunia, bagratunia, somexi somexi xorciT, xorciT, xorciT, sisxliT sisxliT da da suliT suliT 

suliT 

...“. 

...“. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos Tavaduri gvarebi „somxuri 

warmoSobisaa“, werilis avtori „gulistkiviliT“ aRniSnavs, rom 

zogierTma vaisomexma es daiviwya da sakuTari Tanamemamuleebis 

winaaRmdeg gailaSqra: „erT-erTi „erT-erTi „erT-erTi aseTi aseTi vaisomexi vaisomexi vaisomexi ilia ilia 

ilia 

WavWaviania. WavWaviania. ai, ai, ras ras ras werda werda es es moRalate moRalate somxebze: somxebze: „gviWirda 

„gviWirda 

Tu Tu gvilxinda, gvilxinda, TqvenTvis TqvenTvis araferi araferi gvigrZnobinebia, gvigrZnobinebia, ise 

ise 

migiReT migiReT migiReT da da gimaspinZleT. gimaspinZleT. Tqven Tqven ki ki Cvens Cvens saxlSi saxlSi mtrebad 

mtrebad 

iqeciT“. iqeciT“. ra ra safuZveli safuZveli safuZveli hqonda, hqonda, amas amas rom rom ambobda? ambobda? im 

im 

dros dros dros Tbilisis Tbilisis Tbilisis mcxovreblebis mcxovreblebis mcxovreblebis 90%-s 90%-s 90%-s somxebi somxebi somxebi Seadgendnen, 

Seadgendnen, 

Seadgendnen, 

Semdeg Semdeg modiodnen modiodnen rusebi, rusebi, osebi, osebi, afxazebi afxazebi da da qurTebi. 

qurTebi. 

qarTvelebi qarTvelebi ki ki ki mxolod mxolod mxolod 1,5% 1,5% iyo. iyo. ilia ilia WavWaviani WavWaviani WavWaviani ki 

ki 

90% 90% somexs somexs 1% 1% 1% qarTvelis qarTvelis stumrad stumrad stumrad Tvlis Tvlis ... 

... 

dediT dediT da da mamiT mamiT somexma somexma juRaSvilma juRaSvilma _ _ stalinma stalinma 1921 1921 

1921 

wels wels TbilisSi, TbilisSi, TbilisSi, bolSevikebis bolSevikebis krebaze krebaze ganacxada: ganacxada: „ra 

„ra 

saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos dedaqalaqia dedaqalaqia Tbilisi, Tbilisi, roca roca roca aq aq somxebi somxebi somxebi ufro 

ufro 

metni metni cxovroben, cxovroben, vidre vidre qarTvelebi? qarTvelebi? es es mdgomareoba mdgomareoba unda 

unda 

Seicvalos Seicvalos da da da TbilisSi TbilisSi qarTvelebi qarTvelebi CavasaxloT. 

CavasaxloT. 

saqarTvelos saqarTvelos unda unda gadaeces gadaeces afxazeTi, afxazeTi, aWara, aWara, javaxeTi javaxeTi da 

da 

oseTi““... 

oseTi““... 

ai, aseT nabodvars dasasruli ar uCans gazeT „mecamorSi“. 

zemoT xsenebul werilSi imasac waikiTxavT, rom „vefxistyaosani“ 

somxuridan qarTulad gadaTargmna somexma kniazma „aSot iz 

rustavi“. qarTvelebma ki mere somxuri dedani dawves da 

„vefxistyaosani” miiTvises. XII saukunis es „literaturuli 

diversia“, Turme, gagrZelebula. magaliTad, msoflioSi cnobili 

„suliko“ david abramians dauweria, mere teqsti qarTulad 

gadmouTargmnia somexi Tavadis – rostom bagratunis Svils, 

akaki bagratuns, romelic akaki wereTlis fsevdonimiT werda (!). 

mas ise moswonebia „suliko“, rom rusuladac uTargmnia, 

qarTvelebma ki igi miiTvises. metic, roca akaki bagratuni „sulikos“ 

Targmnida, am dros somexi mxatvari nikolai firosmaniani Sedevrebs 

qmnida, raTa Semdeg gaeyida da somxuri xelgaSlilobiT sayvareli 

qalisaTvis milioni vardi eCuqebina...… 

isev citata: „javaxeTi „javaxeTi iZarcveboda iZarcveboda da da da iZarcveba iZarcveba iZarcveba yvelaze yvelaze 

yvelaze 

usindisod. usindisod. es es aris aris mxare, mxare, sadac sadac ar ar ar cxovrobs cxovrobs cxovrobs arc arc arc erTi 

erTi 

qarTveli, qarTveli, magram magram aq aq gamefebulia gamefebulia gamefebulia qarTvelebis qarTvelebis despotizmi. 

despotizmi. 

rom rom ar ar yofiliyo yofiliyo ruseTis ruseTis axalqalaqis axalqalaqis baza, baza, aqedan aqedan 15 

15 

aTasi aTasi aTasi somxuri somxuri ojaxi ojaxi gaiqceoda. gaiqceoda. gaiqceoda. amaze amaze yoveli yoveli yoveli somexi 

somexi 

unda unda dafiqrdes, dafiqrdes, dafiqrdes, amaze amaze namdvilad namdvilad Rirs Rirs dafiqreba...“. dafiqreba...“. am 

„Rrmaazrovan“ opuss xels awers akademikosi suren aivaziani, 

romelic, amave dros, gazeTis mTavari redaqtori aRmoCnda. 

separatistuli gazeTi mxolod am statiis publikacias ar 

dasjerebia. mis furclebze uxvad aris gabneuli geografiuli 

rukebic, sadac didi somxeTi nikofsiidan darubandamde, Savi 

zRvidan kaspiamde aris gadaWimuli da am rukaze saqarTvelo, 

ubralod, ar arsebobs!» [22]. 

s. aivazianisa da ZmaTa misTa gons moklebuli nabodvari 

mecnierulad gacamtverebuli aqvs b-n a. ToTaZes zemoT 

dasaxelebul wignSi ([23]). saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis mimarT 

«RvarZliani toni da braldebebis niaRvari sul ufro da ufro 

matulobs. suren aivazianisa da ZmaTa maTTa nabodvars Rrma 

fesvebi aqvs da uZvelesi droidan momdinareobs... suren aivazianis 

briyvuli da cilismwamebluri ganukiTxaobis upasuxod datoveba 

danaSaulis tolfasia. mraval aTaswleuls gamovlil qarTvelebsa 

da somxebs msgavs sakiTxebze saubari ar unda sWirdebodeT. igi 

ucxo Zalis mier Semogdebuli da inspirirebuli Temaa da xalxi 

am ankesze ar unda wamoegos. ise ki, aseTi sisuleleebi, romlebic 

gzadagza Cndeba xolme, kacma rom Tqvas, zaris Semokvris safuZveli 

unda gaxdes» [22]. aseTi gangaSis zari XIX s. bolos daarisxes

10 11 

didma iliam da sxva mamuliSvilebma. XX s. bolosa da XXI sis 

ganvlil wlebSi somexTa gamoxdomebi, marTalia, upasuxod ar 

darCenila, magram, vfiqrobT, gangaSis zarma farTo fenebi unda 

moicvas, eri SeZras da gaaerTianos samSoblos dasacavad. «Subi 

xalaTSi ar daimaleba, erTa Soris problemebs siraqlemas meTodiT 

ver gadaWri. es TvalnaTliv gviCvena afxazeTis, samxreT oseTis 

magaliTebma, samxreT saqarTveloSi aboboqrebulma antiqarTulma 

qariSxalma, zogierT somex mecnierTa mier, e.w. „didi somxeTis“ 

crumecnieruli ideis reanimaciam, inteligenciis erTi nawilis, 

erTi SexedviT, liberalurma, magram, arsebiTad, antierovnulma, 

erTa Soris urTierTobaTa gamwvavebis orientaciam» [15]. 

keTilmezoblobas keTilmezoblobas keTilmezoblobas keTilmezoblobas keTilmezoblobas alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa ara ara ara ara ara aqvs! aqvs! aqvs! aqvs! aqvs! 

somex „moRvaweTa“ absurdamde misuli bodva rom arc ise 

uwyinaria da mkafiod gamiznuli samomavlo xasiaTi aqvs, es 

TvalnaTliv Cans iqidan, rom saqarTvelos ZirZvel regionSi _ 

javaxeTSi _ separatistuli ganwyobileba sul ufro Zlierdeba. 

somexTa mxridan saqarTvelosadmi damokidebulebis tendencia 

SemaSfoTebelia: «d. lengis naSromSi „qarTvelebi“, romelic 1966 

wels gamoica inglisur enaze, saqarTvelos istoriuli provincia 

samcxe-javaxeTi gamocxadebulia tradiciulad saqarTvelos 

teritoriad. xolo 20 wlis Semdeg gamocemul missave naSromSi 

„somxebi“ ki _ rogorc tradiciulad somxeTis eTnikuri 

teritoria. ratom gaakeTa yovelive es iseTi rangis mecnierma, 

rogoric lengia?» [23].. 

amgvarad, separatizmis tendencia naTlad Cans. sruli 

suraTisaTvis «...aqve gvinda erTi metad sagulisxmo faqtic 

moviyvanoT: axalqalaqSi dabanakebuli rusuli samxedro nawilis 

SesasvlelTan uzarmazari plakatia gamokruli (15 metris sigrZisa 

da 3 metri simaRlis), romelic iwyeba mowodebiT: „daeufle am 

miwas uSiSrad... ruseTis armia Sen dagicavs“. aqvea am sityvebis 

avtoris, mefis ruseTis general paskeviCis portretic. cxadia, 

es mowodeba gaaxsendaT im Zalebs, romlebic aqezeben da zurgs 

umagreben javaxeTSi mosaxle somxebs da cdiloben qarTvelebisa 

da somxebis dapirispirebas» [23]. 

qarTvelma xalxma unda gaisigrZeganos safrTxis realoba da, 

erTi mxriv, ar unda dauSvas saqarTvelos daqucmacebis Semdgomi 

etapi, xolo meore mxriv, unda iRvawos ori xalxis megobruli 

damokidebulebisa da ori qveynis keTilmezobluri Tanaarsebobis 

damkvidrebisaTvis. 

swored am mizniT gavbedeT da SevadgineT winamdebare wigni. 

igi ar warmoadgens axal furcels mecnierebaSi, ara aqvs 

originalurobisa da yovlis momcvelobis pretenzia. Cven ar 

visaxavT miznad, rom am wigniT raime SevmatoT Cvens saxels, arc 

sxva warmatebis, metadre – komerciulis miRwevas veswrafviT. 

Cveni mizani iyo, SeZlebisdagvarad SevxebodiT somxur-qarTuli 

urTierTobis mraval mxares, erT wignSi mogveyara Tavi urTierTobis 

am mxareTa Sesaxeb masalisaTvis da mogvewodebina igi 

mkiTxvelisaTvis. Cveni mizani iyo, rac SeiZleba meti sisruliT 

warmogveCina qarTul-somxur urTierTobebSi is problemebi, 

romlebic sul ufro saSiS xasiaTs iZens Cveni qveynisaTvis, misi 

teritoriuli da sulieri mTlianobisa da erTobisaTvis. Cven 

gvinda kidev erTxel davarisxoT gangaSis zari, da, Tu cotaTi 

mainc SevZeliT es, sxva sazRauri ar gvinda. 

Cven SevecadeT, rom wignSi, rac SeiZleba, naklebi yofiliyo 

Cveneuli teqstebi da meti adgili sxvadasxva mecnierTa, mweralTa 

da moRvaweTa naazrevisaTvis, maTi naSromebidan moxmobili 

citatebisTvis dagveTmo. am TvalsazrisiT wignis Tanaavtoroba 

ekuTvnis yvelas, visi citatebic masSi Sevida. Cven, faqtobrivad, 

am citatebze avageT mTeli wigni. 

wignSi ganxilulia qarTul-somxuri urTierTobis ZiriTadi 

sakiTxebi: somexTa saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis (Tavi III), qarTvel 

grigorianTa – qarTvelTa gasomxebis (Tavi IV), marTlmadidebluri 

taZrebis mitacebis (Tavi II) da, aseve, sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi. 

dasaxelebul Tavebs prologis magier win wavumZRvareT 2005 

wlis noemberSi TbilisSi Catarebuli saerTaSoriso simpoziumis 

masalebi. swored am simpoziumze somxebis mier gakeTebulma 

upasuxismgeblo gancxadebebma imis Taobaze, rom saqarTveloSi 

ukve V saukuneSi arsebobda somxuri eparqia, rom saqarTveloSi 

650-ze meti somxuri eklesia-nagebobaa da rom somxeTis eklesia 

moiTxovs maT dabrunebas, mogvca biZgi winamdebare wignis gamocemisa.

12 13 

Cven, aseve, mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT, wignSi Segvetana masala 

(Tavi VI), romelic sarwmunoebriv, eklesiologiur sakiTxebs, 

kerZod, monofizitobasa da somxur sarwmunoebas Seexeba. 

mkvlevarebi xSirad angariSs ar uweven imas, rom sarwmunoebrivi 

dapirispireba zogadi dapirispirebis erT-erT ZiriTad mizezs 

warmoadgens. es dapirispireba, SesaZloa, bolo epoqebSi zedapirze 

ar devs, xmamaRla ar ganixileba da frazeologiaSi ar figurirebs, 

magram mis gareSe mravali movlena da sakiTxi darCeba 

arasrulfasovnad gagebuli da warmodgenili. samwuxarod, zogierTi 

avtori ver wvdeba am mxaris mniSvnelobas, rac maTi midgomis 

calmxrivobas, xSirad _ mcdarobas ganapirobebs. rigi avtorebisa 

ki dapirispirebasa da mis Tanamdev movlenebs mxolod politikur 

WrilSi ganixilavs da afasebs. 

Cven, aseve, mravali TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, 

gamogveqveynebina Cvens wignSi aSkara provokaciuli xasiaTisa da 

politikuri datvirTvis mqone ruka-cnobari (Tavi VII), romelic 

daibeWda ciurixSi da 1995 wels gamoica erevanSi, da, romlis 

mixedviTac, somexTa mtkicebiT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze 650ze 

meti somxuri saeklesio nagebobaa ganTavsebuli. 

wignSi mxilebulia somexTa antiqarTuli zraxvebi. 

dasabuTebulia somexTa gancxadebebisa da qarTvelTa mimarT 

pretenziebis usafuZvloba, aramecnieruloba da politikuri 

mizanSeuwonloba. mxileba eyrdnoba ara mxolod qarTvel mecnierTa 

da moRvaweTa argumentebs, aramed somex, rus da ucxoel mecnierTa 

naSromebsac. 

sruli kategoriulobiT gvinda ganvacxadoT, rom Cven ara 

gvsurs somxebTan mtroba. piriqiT _ keTilganwyobil urTierTobas 

alternativa ara aqvs! Cven viziarebT da mivdevT ilias, akakis, 

iakob gogebaSvilis principebsa da paToss _ piruTvnelsa da 

miukerZoebels, mkacrsa da mamxilebels, magram keTilurTierTobis 

mosurnes. «Tundac saqme ubralo kacisa iyos, STagoneba da 

waqezeba amisTanaebSi, aSkaraa, gabrZnobilis mecnierisagan aris. 

amitomac sabuTi gvaqvs, es ukadrisi saqcieli da yvela sxva 

amisTana, somexT-mwignobarTa manqanebas mivaweroT da ara mTels 

ers somxisas» [3]. 

«somxebze dasabamidan Camoyalibda cudi azri _ da es gaxlavT 

Seumcdari azri, sakmaod safuZvliani, radgan absoluturad 

erTnairad Camoyalibda yvela eris SemecnebaSi, Tanac istoriulad 

sxvadasxva dros... jer erTi, aucilebelia erTmaneTisagan gavmijnoT 

somexi xalxis ZiriTadi masa da am eris mtacebeli plutokratia, 

politikanizmiT gamsWvaluli samRvdeloeba da fsevdointeligencia. 

e.i. is mmarTveli somxuri sazogadoebrivi fenebi, romlebic Cagraven 

ara mxolod sxva tomis mezoblebs, aramed sakuTar ubralo 

Tanamemamuleebsac. am TavkacebTan da maT mier daqiravebulebTan 

Sexebisas ar SeiZleba, rom nebismier wesier adamians ar aReZras 

siZulvilis grZnoba somxebis mimarT. am saidumloebiT aRsavse 

eris istoriis gacnobisas ki, ar SeiZleba, mis mimarT ar ganimsWvalo 

erTgvari TanagrZnobiT, radgan mas uamravi kargi Tviseba gaaCnia. 

magram, ramdenadac didi iqneba es TanagrZnoba, miT ufro gaizrdeba 

zizRi da siZulvili maTi jilagidan gamosuli politikanebis, 

mCagvrelebisa da meamboxeebis mimarT» [20]. Cveni mxilebac swored 

am „Tavkacebs“ Seexeba, romlebic cru informaciebiTa da 

gayalbebuli istoriebiT somex xalxs wamlaven. 

Cven, qarTveli xalxi, keTilmezoblobis mosurneni varT. 

miuxedavad mravali damcirebisa, Seuracxyofisa da ciliswamebisa, 

gulSi RvarZli da boroti ganzraxva ar Cagvidvia. da, Tuki, 

Cvens wignSi somex mecnierTa da mweralTa boroti saqmeni da 

Canafiqri warmovaCineT, es isev somexTa sasikeTod movimoqmedeT: 

somex moRvaweTa piruTvneli mxileba somexi xalxis gonsmosagebad 

vcaniT saWirod, rac maTsave interesebSi Sedis, radgan sikeTis 

wil mtroba qarTvelTa, istoriulad, maT arafers rgebdaT da 

verc momavalSi moutanT sargebels. 

somexTa mimarT „pirSi uZraxes“ keTili magaliTi mogvces 

didma iliam, akakim, iakob gogebaSvilma da sxva moRvaweebma. Cvens 

wignSi, iseve, rogorc am Temaze sxva avtorebis wignebsa da 

werilebSi, maTi werilebidan mravali mosazreba da citata aris 

Setanili. dRevandel dRes TiTqmis ucvlelad esadageba i. 

gogebaSvilis sityvebi werilidan „simarTle Tbilisze“, (ix. mag. 

[22], gv. 100), romelic 1897 w. gamoqveynda. gadavwyviteT, SesavalSi 

SemogTavazoT amonaridi am werilidan: 

«gazeT „mSakis“ gansvenebulma redaqtorma grigol arwrunma 

mourideblad da kategoriulad ganacxada presaSi, rom kavkasia

14 15 

rusebsa da somxebs (mxolod somxebs) unda ekuTvnodeTo. ise 

gamodioda, rom qarTvelebi saukuneTa manZilze icavdnen 

amierkavkasias mahmadianTa gamanadgurebeli Semosevebisagan sakuTari 

sisxliT mxolod da mxolod somexTa sakeTildReod, romlebic 

VII saukuneSi TavianTi damoukideblobis dakargvis droidan, 

danamatis rols asrulebdnen amierkavkasiaSi. qarTvelTaTvis aseTi 

pankavkasiuri pretenziebi ucxoa, Tumca saamisod maT meti 

safuZveli aqvT, radgan dasustebuli saqarTvelos ruseTTan 

SeerTebis winac ki, TiTqmis mTeli amierkavkasia uxdida xarks 

saqarTvelos samefos. am sakiTxSi qarTvelebi yovelTvis icavdnen 

da icaven samarTlian principebs: „TiToeuls Tavisi unda miezRos” 

an „yvelam unda icodes Tavisi adgili”. magram somxebi metismets 

Cemuloben sxvebTan upiratesobis TvalsazrisiT da amitom isini 

Znelad asatani mezoblebi arian yvela tomisaTvis. 

ar ifiqro, mkiTxvelo, rom arwrunis fraza SemTxveviT mowyda 

kalmis wvers. ara, igi nayofia kargad mofiqrebuli qarTvelofoburi 

gegmisa, romlis ganxorcieleba uaRresad konkretulad warmoebs. 

rac Seexeba somexTa saerTo damokidebulebas qarTvelebisadmi, 

aq, keTili survilis SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris normaluri 

damokidebulebis damyareba, ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia. amisaTvis 

saWiroa, rom somxebma xeli aiRon qveynierebis winaSe qarTvelTa 

sistematur damcirebaze, rac, cxadia, metismetad aRizianebT 

ukanasknelT, Sekvecon TavianTi mada, saerTod, qarTuli dovlaTis 

mimarT da, kerZod, sixarbiT gamowveul TavianT axlandel 

miswrafebaTa erTgvari gamarTlebisaTvis ar amtkicon is sruliad 

yalbi azri, rom, TiTqos, aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo uZveles droSi 

did somxeTSi Sedioda, maSin, rodesac sinamdvileSi piriqiT iyo: 

TviT somxeTi Tavisi „Seudarebeli“ (janSievis gamoTqmaa) sataxto 

qalaqiT, aniT, saqarTvelos samefo nawils Seadgenda daviT 

aRmaSeneblis, giorgi mesamis, Tamar mefis dros da TiTqmis mTeli 

Sua saukuneebis manZilze, rac TviT somexi istorikosebis mier 

kategoriulad aRiarebuli, sayovelTaod cnobili istoriuli 

faqtia; amaod nu uaryofen, winaaRmdeg yvela gamoCenili evropeli 

da rusi aRmosavleTmcodnis (lenorman-maspero) mtkicebisa, rom 

urartuelebi, romlebmac kacobriobis istoriaSi pirvelebma 

aRmarTes humanurobis droSa mtrebis mimarT, qarTvelTa winaprebi 

iyvnen. Semdeg amisa nu iReben yvelanair procentebs, yovelgvari 

usamarTlobiT nu isakuTreben qarTul adgil-mamulebs; ...da bolos, 

qalaqebSi saarCevno uflebis gamoyenebisas qarTvelTa sazianod 

borotad nu isargebleben Tavisi ricxobrivi upiratesobiT, 

romelic ganpirobebulia maRali burJuaziuli cenziT, da amiT 

qarTvelebs nu waarTmeven qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi monawileobis 

kanonier uflebas. erTi sityviT, somxebma xeli unda aiRon 

qarTvelTa devnaze, maTTvis samSoblos warTmevaze, risTvisac 

isini sargebloben qarTvelTa droebiTi metad Seviwroebuli 

mdgomareobiT, da didi borotebiT nu miuzRaven maT im didi 

sikeTisaTvis, romelic qarTvelebs somxebisaTvis gaukeTebiaT. 

piriqiT, axla isini im sikeTeze, romelic qarTvelebs somxebis 

mimarT gamouCeniaT maT udidesi gasaWiris Jams, sikeTiTve unda 

upasuxebdnen. e.i. somxebi qarTvelebis mimarT unda iCendnen 

iseTive Zmur, humanur keTilmosurneobas, rogorsac qarTvelebi 

iCendnen gadmoxvewil somexTa mimarT imiT, rom Zmurad Seifares 

isini, yvela uflebebSi gaaTanaswores qarTvelebTan da arc erTi 

wuTiT odnavadac ar agrZnobinebdnen, rom isini ucxo mxridan 

mosuli stumrebi arian. 

ase rom, Tu qarTvelebi aiZules, rom maT, somexTa mier 

qarTvelTa devnis sapasuxod, armenofobiobisa da boikotirebis 

droSa gaSalon, maSin am droSas sixaruliT SeuerTdeba kavkasiis 

(da ara mxolod kavkasiis-a.u.) yvela xalxi. aqedan cxadia, rom 

somexTa mier keTilmezobluri damokidebulobis principis dacva, 

uwinares yovlisa, maTi pirdapiri, uaRresad saarsebo, yvelaze 

Zvirfasi interesebidan gamomdinareobs. Cven sruliad gulwrfelad, 

sufTa guliT vusurvebdiT Cvens mezoblebs am interesebis 

gamarjvebas; suliTa da guliT gvwadia maTi Tavisufali, 

SeuzRudveli ganviTareba, magram mxolod somexi erovnebis bunebriv 

sazRvrebSi». 

WeSmaritad, somexo Zmebo da debo, keTilmezoblobas 

alternativa ara aqvs!

16 17 

Tavi Tavi I 

I 

iTqvas, ar iyo samecniero xasiaTis. man samecniero da 

sazogadoebriobis farTo wreebSi didi vnebaTaRelva gamoiwvia 

_ simZafriTa da xasiaTiT sadari im vnebaTaRelvisa, romelmac 

somxebi somxebi 650 650 eklesias 

eklesias 

did ilias xelSi kalami aaRebina da „qvaTa RaRadi“ daawerina. 

iCemeben iCemeben saqarTveloSi 

saqarTveloSi 

faqtobrivad, es iyo somxeTis eklesiis gancxadeba-moTxovna, 

rom saqarTvelos eklesiam unda gamoiCinos keTili neba da 

Tavis teritoriaze arsebuli 600-ze meti „somxuri~ eklesia- 

2005 wlis 24-26 noembers TbilisSi saqarTvelos 

nageboba „daubrunos“ somxeTis eklesias. 

sapatriarqos TaosnobiT Catarda II saerTaSoriso simpoziumi 

es moTxovna Camoyalibebuli iyo baton levon isaxanianis 

saxelwodebiT: „qristianoba Cvens cxovrebaSi: warsuli, awmyo, 

„moxsenebaSi“, romlis dedaazris gadmosacemad sakmarisia am 

momavali. simpoziumi unda Sefasdes eklesiologiuri da 

moxsenebis Tezisebi ([1], gv.49): «saqarTvelo is qveyanaa, sadac 

samecniero TvalsazrisiT. eklesiologiuri kriteriumiT 

mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi, megobrul da tolerantul 

simpoziumis Sefaseba calke Temaa da masze ar SevCerdebiT; 

garemoSi Tanacxovrobdnen sxvadasxva erovnebisa da religiuri 

aRvniSnavT oden, rom zogierTi moxsenebis simpoziumis programaSi 

mrwamsis warmomadgenlebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom istoriuli 

CarTvam Crdili miayena Cvens eklesias _ mis, rogorc 

procesis ganviTarebis, geografiuli mdebareobisa da sxva. 

marTlmadideblobis siwmindis damcvelis, prestiJs.E 

faqtorebis gamo somxuri mosaxleoba yovelTvis warmoadgenda 

samecniero TvalsazrisiT Tu SevafasebT, unda aRiniSnos, 

saqarTveloSi sazogadoebis erT-erT mTavar jgufs, romelic 

rom mravali gansxvavebuli Rirsebisa Tu samecniero 

monawileobda qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi 

Rirebulebis moxseneba iyo warmodgenili simpoziumze. magram 

da adekvaturad pasuxobda sxvadasxva saxis gamowvevebs. somex 

arc am Temas SevexebiT gamowvlilviT. Cveni ganxilvis ZiriTadi 

erTan erTad saqarTveloSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi arsebobs 

sagani iqneba baton levon isaxanianis moxseneba: „somxuri eparqia 

somexTa samociqulo wminda eklesia. 

saqarTveloSi: istoria da Tanamedroveoba“, rac, amTaviTve unda 

sxvadasxva wyaroebis mixedviT, somxuri wminda eklesia calke 

eparqiiT aris warmodgenili saqarTveloSi me-5 saukunidan... 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi somxur eparqias saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze agebuli aqvs 600-ze meti sasuliero daniSnulebis 

Senoba-nageboba, kerZod ki eklesiebi, salocavebi, sasuliero 

saswavleblebi da sxv. 

aucileblad migvaCnia: 

• saqarTveloSi somexTa samociqulo wminda eklesiis 

eparqiis saTanado samarTlebrivi statusis gansazRvra; 

• saqarTveloSi religiis Tavisuflebisa da religiuri 

organizaciebis saqmianobis maregulirebeli 

kanonmdeblobis srulyofa; 

• saqarTveloSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi somexTa 

samociqulo wminda eklesiis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi 

Semavali eklesiebis eparqiisTvis gadacema“.

18 19 

simpoziumze batonma levon isaxanianma garkveviT Tqva, rom 

„moxsenebaSi“ warmodgenili Tvalsazrisi da moTxovnebi aris 

ara misi kerZo azri, aramed somxeTis eklesiis pozicia da 

Tvalsazrisi. Tumca amis aRniSvna arc iyo aucilebeli, vinaidan 

sakiTxis preistoria amaze calsaxad miuTiTebs: 1995 wels 

erevanSi somxur enaze gamoica ruka-cnobari „somxuri eklesiebi 

saqarTveloSi“, rac 1995 wlis zafxulSi swrafad gaavrceles 

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb somxebsa da ara marto somxebs Soris. 

Tu ra mizans isaxavda am ruka-cnobaris, romlis mixedviTac 

saqarTveloSi, TiTqos, 650 somxuri eklesiaa, aseTi swrafi 

popularizacia, SeiZleba iTqvas _ msoflio masStabiT, amas 

didi gamWriaxoba ar sWirdeba. 

gazeT „iveriis“ furclebze gamoqveynebuli vrceli 

werilidan („Cveni istoriuli naSTi da maTi sve“) Cans, rom 

rusul JurnalSi _ „Ïàìÿòíèêè Õðèñòèàíñòâà íà Êàâêàçú” 

dabeWdila analogiuri cnobari. masSi aRwerilia 321 taZari 

– «aqedan TiTzed CamoiTvleba qarTvelebis _ sul 198 eklesia, 

danarCeni somxebisa aris. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, ra 

TavgamodebiT epatronebian es vaJbatonebi mzamza Sromas, amtvreven 

qarTul warwerebs da TavianTs aweren, an waaweren qvas da 

(axlad) hflaven eklesiis midamoebSi da amgvari xrikebiT 

Cemuloben, gamoCndeba, rom qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi 150 eklesia 

arc ki ekuTvniT. rogor samarcxvino ar unda iyos TiToeuli 

qarTvelisaTvis, rom es naSTebi an gamotovebulia am wyarodan 

(igulisxmeba rusuli Jurnali) an, rac sulSi gvaqvs da rac 

wyarodan viciT, isinic (garda moxsenebulTa, romelnic 

gamotovebulni arian), gadadian sxvis xelSi Cveni zarmacobiT... 

amgvar saistorio masalas vinc beWdavs, saWiro aris, rom 

Seamowmos da ise miyos xeli, Torem cTomilTa beWdva aras 

gvargebs” _ aRniSnavs gazeTi „iveria“ (1895 w., #162). 

etyoba, mikerZoebis saSineli seni am xnis manZilze ki ar 

Senelebula, piriqiT, ufro gamZvinvarebula, radgan saukunis 

win naTqvami sityvebi dRes zustad esadageba ruka-cnobaris 

avtoris mier Sedgenil saqarTveloSi „somxuri“ eklesiebis 

gaberil sias... CamoTvlili eklesiebis umravlesoba somxurad 

qceuli qarTuli eklesiebia. ruka-cnobars Tu davujerebT, 

gamodis, rom somxebs ki ar ucxovriaT qarTvelebSi, piriqiT, 

qarTvelebi SeuxizniaT somxebs am kurTxeul iverT miwaze. 

aseT daskvnas gaakeTebs, vinc ki Tvals gadaavlebs ruka-cnobars 

da masze moxazul saqarTvelos sqematur rukas... mizezi rukacnobaris 

aseTi elviseburi gamocemisa aris 1995 wlis 

gazafxulze TbilisSi axalSenis (noraSeni) eklesiis irgvliv 

atexili aJiotaJi, delegacia eCmiaZinidan da sxva. amis gamo 

erevanSi saCqarod gamoacxves es ubadruki ruka-cnobari da 

„dokumenturad“ daafiqsires 650-mde „somxuri“ eklesia 

saqarTveloSi. axla Tu ara, gava ramdenime aTeuli weli da am 

„sabuTs” erTi ambiT warmoadgenen somxebi da, vin icis, maSin 

SeiZleba sveticxovelic daiCemon» [2]. 

ai, gavida mxolod erTi aTeuli weli da somxebma simpoziumze 

kvlav wamoayenes TavianTi pretenziebi, miiCnies ra amisTvis 

xelsayrelad dro da adgili. drois xelsayreloba rom, 

SesaZloa, „koordinirebuli” yofiliyo garkveul wreebTan, amaze 

mianiSnebs simpoziumidan erTi Tvis Tavze saqarTvelos 

parlamentSi saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis gakeTebuli 

moxseneba, romelic guldagul exmianeba somexTa moTxovnebs. 

rac Seexeba adgilis xelsayrelobas, amas, rogorc cota qvemoT 

vnaxavT, simpoziumis zogierTi organizatori TavgamodebiT 

adasturebs. 

xsenebul ruka-cnobarze ufro detalurad II TavSi 

SevCerdebiT. axla ki davubrundeT simpoziumze baton levon 

isaxanianis warmodgenil moxsenebas, romelmac ukiduresi 

aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia qarTvel mecnierTa, sasuliero pirTa, 

mrevlisa da sazogadoebis farTo wreebSi. 

istoriuli TvalTaxedviT sainteresoa, Tu ra „gamowvevebzea“ 

saubari b-n l. isaxanianis moxsenebaSi da ra „gamowvevebs 

„gamowvevebs 

„gamowvevebs 

pasuxobda 

pasuxobda pasuxobda“““““ saqarTvelos teritoriaze macxovrebeli somexi 

mosaxleoba, romel „gamowvevas” pasuxobs es xelaxla 

wamoyenebuli sayvedurnarevi pretenzia _ 650 eklesia-nageboba 

Cvenia da dagvibruneTo? 

Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom didi vnebaTaRelvis pirobebSi 

moxseneba Sefasebul iqna, rogorc aramecnieruli, qarTvelTa 

Seuracxmyofeli, sazogadoebis damamcirebeli, politikuri

20 21 

daniSnulebis mqone da a.S. darbazSi xmauriani kamaTisas zogma 

SesaZlod miiCnia, rom es moxseneba provokaciul mizans isaxavda. 

Tavdapirvelad replikiT Tavisi Tvalsazrisi gamoTqva 

akademikosma roin metrevelma 1 : „me movismine baton isaxanianis 

gamosvla. es iyo araseriozuli midgoma auditoriisadmi. Cven 

axla es (moxseneba) seriozulad ganvixiloT aq – ar mimaCnia 

mizanSewonilad. . . absurduli gancxadeba gaakeTa am kacma 

(isaxanianma-a.u.). rac man Tqva, imaze kamaTi, batonebo, Rirseba 

ar aris am sazogadoebisTvis... 600 (somxuri) eklesia da 

saeklesio dawesebulebaao saqarTveloSio, da V saukunidan 

saepiskoposoo. axla Cven es seriozulad aq ganvixiloT da 

seriozulad vekamaToT mas, me ar mimaCnia mizanSewonilad“. 

am replikas mohyva akademikos marika lorTqifaniZis replika: 

„batono roin, swored imitom miveci SekiTxva - rom ambobT, 

somxuri eklesiebia, dagvisabuTeT-Tqo. is xom moxsenebiT gamodis 

samecniero simpoziumze, _ dagvisabuTos! xolo, Tu es aris 

politikuri gamosvla, maSin sxva saqmea. da kidev maqvs aseTi 

replika: Tu es ar aris mecnieruli moxseneba, me bodiSs vixdi 

saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebis mimarT, maSin ratom miiRes da 

gamoaqveynes iq, sadac samecniero moxsenebebis Tezisebia 

gamoqveynebuli?“. organizatorebis mimarT am SeniSvnas darbazma 

mxari dauWira. 

eklesiebis somxurobis damadasturebel argumentebad 

batonma isaxanianma moiyvana Semdegi: „magaliTad, somxur eklesias 

aqvs maRali sakurTxeveli. marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, ramdenadac 

me vici, aris SedarebiT dabali sakurTxeveli. es erT-erTi 

faqtori. amasTanave, somxuri warwerebi, freskebi da sxva“. 

ki magram, somexo megobrebo, maRali sakurTxeveli aqvs, 

magaliTad, jvris monasters, alaverds da sxva cnobil qarTul 

eklesiebs. amaTac somxurad miiCnevT? rac Seexeba warwerebsa 

da freskebs, Tu rogor ifxikeboda isini da maT magivrad 

ikveTeboda somxuri, amis Sesaxeb Semdgom gveqneba saubari. es 

meTodi - qarTulad moRaRade qvaTa somxurad aRaRadebisa, 

1. yvela amonaridi gamosvlebidan ibeWdeba audio da videoCanawerebis 

mixedviT, rasac nawilobrivi redaqciiT gTavazobT. rig SemTxvevaSi 

redaqtireuli teqstis zust stenogramul amonawers sqolioSi moviyvanT. 

somexTa mier xSirad gamoiyeneboda qarTul eklesiaTa mitacebadasakuTrebis 

mizniT, risi faqtebic mravlad aris istoriaSi. 

magaliTad, erT-erTi sadao _ noraSenis eklesiis Sesaxeb, 

baton isaxanianis argumentebis sapirispirod, qalbatonma marika 

lorTqifaniZem aRniSna: „noraSenis eklesiaze iyo diskusia 

qarTvel da somex mecnierebs Soris. dadgenilia, rom is iyo 

qarTuli eklesia. Semdeg somxebma SeZles garkveul pirobebSi 

misi mitaceba, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas. iq aris qarTulwarweriani 

qvebi, romlebic Catanebulia kedelSi – gawmindes is kedlebi 

da naxes; da iq, agreTve, aRmoCenilia qarTulwarwerebiani 

saflavebi. amitom, ase martivad es sakiTxi ar wydeba“. 

amis Semdgom qalbatonma marika lorTqifaniZem daayena Semdegi 

sakiTxi: „me bodiSs vixdi saredaqco kolegiis mimarT, magram 

moviTxov, Tavisi oficialuri gancxadeba gaakeTos – ratom 

Seitanes es aramecnieruli naSromi samecniero moxsenebebis 

nusxaSi“. 

polemikaSi somexi mRvdeli CaerTo. man iq myof sazogadoebas 

qristianuli qceva dauwuna da aRniSna: „is, rom moxsenebas 

araseriozuls uwodebT, Cemi azriT, ar aris Tqveni mxridan 

lamazi... me, rogorc somxeTis samociqulo eklesiis msaxuri, 

gicxadebT, rom is eklesiebi, romlebic batonma isaxanianma 

daasaxela, namdvilad somxuri eklesiebia. Tu gaqvT kiTxvebi, 

arsebobs Tu ara amis damadasturebeli sabuTebi, SegviZlia 

moviyvanoT mtkicebulebani... ararealuria imaze laparaki, rom 

Tuki Tbilisis somxur eklesiaSi aris qarTuli warwerebi, 

maSin es eklesia qarTulia“. 

rogorc vxedavT, is, rac somexTaTvis utyuari argumentad 

gamodgeba, qarTvelebisTvis yovlad gamousadegaria. gagvaxsenda 

didi ilias sityvebi: „igi gundi somxebisa am TvalTmaqcobas 

ara hkmarobs, ara sjerdeba: misTvis cotaa sxvisa marTali 

hmalos, Tavisi tyuili ayviros. am gundma kargad icis, rom 

sabuTi, rac ginda damalo, dResa Tu xvale gamomJRavndeba da 

Tavisas gaitans. saqme sabuTis gabaTilebaa, an waSla, an Cafxekamofxeka, 

an gadakeTeba saTavisod. rom arc amisTana oinebi 

daeficebaT somexTa mwignobar-mecnierebs, esec cxadia. da, 

radganac qvani, mravalni Senobani, taZrebi, monastrebi hRaRadebdnen,

22 23 

rom Zvelis-Zvelad am adgilebSi qarTvelebi yofilan, ra Tqma 

unda, saWiroa, am utyuars mowmeebs qarTvelebisas xma Caawyvetinon, 

xma ar amoaRebinon. amisaTvis erTi Tqveni mowonebuli xerxi 

uxmariaT: auRiaT da, saca SeZlebiaT da mouxelTebiaT, wauSliaT 

yovelive kvali. ara erTi da ori magaliTia imisi, rom cdilan, 

niSani qarTvelobisa daukargon Zvels Senobas, taZars Tu 

monasters, amofxikon qvazed naweri qarTuli, an waSalon, an 

mTeli naWeri qva Senobidam amoiRon da mis magier sxva Casvan 

somxuris naweriTa. ara erTi da ori magaliTia amisTana oinisa 

da odesRac gamocxadebuli iyo aqaur qarTul da rusul 

gazeTebSiac“ [3]. 

saredaqcio kolegiis saxeliT gamovida simpoziumis erTerTi 

faqtiuri organizatori, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti, 

meufe danieli. man, kerZod, aRniSna: „upirveles yovlisa, me 

veswrebodi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da 

somxeTis samociqulo eklesiis samRvdeloebis mraval Sexvedras, 

sadac, zogierT maTganze, iyo saubari imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria 

damokidebuleba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli da somxeTis 

samociqulo eklesiebisa saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul 

somxur taZrebTan dakavSirebiT. me maxsovs erT-erTi aseTi 

seriozuli, oficialuri Sexvedra, miZRvnili am Temisadmi. maSin 

TbilisSi Camosuli iyo somxeTis eklesiis delegacia, romelsac 

meTaurobda dRevandeli patriarqi, maSin – episkoposi, garegin 

II. da iq, mis uwmindesobasTan saubarSi, sakiTxi Seexo swored 

noraSenis eklesias. rogorc aq movismineT, saqarTvelos 

marTlmadidebel eklesias, qarTvel mecnierebs, aqvT garkveuli 

istoriuli sabuTebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom am eklesiis 

bedi, ase vTqvaT, araerTgvarovani iyo. maSin garegin II-m brZana, 

rom somxur eklesiasac aqvs garkveuli mecnieruli sabuTebi, 

da iTqva, rom, albaT unda Seiqmnas sagangebo ormxrivi komisia, 

romelic am sakiTxze erToblivad imuSavebs, raTa es sakiTxi 

ar gaxdes samRvdeloebisa da, miTumetes, mrevls Soris kamaTisa 

da uTanxmoebis gaRvivebis safuZveli. da, iqidan moyolebuli, 

minda giTxraT rom, didxans es sakiTxi aRar dasmula. 

gavida wlebi da, bolos, rodesac patriarqi gaxda garegin 

II, misi davalebiT Camovida delegacia isev am sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT. delegaciis meTauri iyo arqiepiskoposi, yarabaxis 

eparqiis winamZRvari. visaubreT da gairkva, rom somxur eklesias 

pretenzia ara aqvs saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, rom somxuri 

eklesia saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT raime sayvedurs ar 

gamoxatavs; rom ar aris saqarTvelos eklesia uflebamosili, 

gadawyvitos, es eklesiebi gadaecema Tu ar gadaecema. saqarTvelos 

eklesias aqvs istoriuli da samecniero monacemebi, romelsac 

xelisuflebas gadascems, rom is gaerkves, rogoria pozicia. 

aseve, somxur eklesias aqvs ufleba, miawodos informacia Cvens 

xelisuflebas. bolos SevTanxmdiT: vinaidan, jerjerobiT, ar 

arsebobs samarTlebrivi kanonmdebloba, romelic daaregulirebda 

saqarTveloSi sxva eklesiebis, konfesiebis, aRmsareblobebisa 

da religiebis iuridiul statuss, am sakiTxis mogvarebamde 

am Temaze gamovacxadeT moratoriumi; sanam saxelmwifo ar 

miiRebs garkveul samarTlebriv dokuments religiur 

organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT, manam Cven am Temaze ar unda 

vikamaToT. maSin, pirvel Sexvedraze, patriarqma brZana, rom, 

Cveni TvalsazrisiT, es (eklesiebi) aris saqarTvelos eklesiis 

kuTvnileba; Cven gvaqvs kidec saamiso mecnieruli safuZvlebi, 

magram, radganac, somxuri eklesia ar eTanxmeba Cvens pozicias, 

am taZarSi nurc qarTuli samRvdeloeba Seasrulebs 

RvTismsaxurebas da nurc somxuri samRvdeloeba, sanam ar 

iqneba (sakiTxi) garkveuli 2 ". (replika darbazidan: „600 

eklesiaSi?!“ pasuxi: „noraSenis eklesiaze iyo laparaki“). 

2. rom ar aris saqarTvelos eklesiis kompetencia, gadawyvitos es eklesiebi 

gadaecema Tu ar gadaecema. saqarTvelos eklesiis kompetenciaa misi 

istoriuli da samecniero monacemebi, romelic mas aqvs da romelsac 

xelisuflebas gadascems, rom is gaerkves, rogoria pozicia. aseve somxur 

eklesias aqvs ufleba gadasces informacia Cvens xelisuflebas. bolo 

Cveni SeTanxmeba iyo eseTi: vinaidan jerjerobiT ar arsebobs iuridiuli, 

samarTlebrivi bazisi, romelic daaregulirebs saqarTveloSi sxva eklesiebis, 

konfesiebis, aRmsareblobebisa da religiebis iuridiul statuss, vidre es 

sakiTxi ar mogvardeba, Cven am Temaze gamovacxadeT moratoriumi; sanam 

saxelmwifo ar miiRebs garkveul samarTlebriv dokuments, baziss religiur 

organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT, manamde Cven am Temaze kamaTi ar unda gvqondes. 

maSin, pirvel Sexvedraze. patriarqma brZana, rom Cven migvaCnia, rom es 

(eklesiebi) aris saqarTvelos eklesiis kuTvnileba, Cven gvaqvs aseTi 

mecnieruli safuZvlebi, magram radganac somxur eklesias aqvs (ix. gv. 24)

24 25 

Semdeg meufe danielma ganagrZo: „yvela Sexvedrisas yuradRebas 

vaqcevdiT, rom or mezobel qveyanasa da ers Soris yofiliyo 

mSvidobiani urTierToba, raSic Zalian didi roli akisria, 

upirveles yovlisa, eklesiebs. maT Soris urTierTobis daZabva 

– es Zalian saxifaToa. amitom yvelaferi unda gaakeTos rogorc 

erTma mxarem, ise meore mxarem, raTa amis precendenti ar Seiqmnas. 

exla rac Seexeba kiTxvas, romelic aq gaCnda, da Sefasebebs, 

romelic aq gamoiTqva: es (isaxanianis moxsenebis) Tezisi, 

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, marTlac qmnida safuZvels, rom 

farTo sazogadoebisgan aRqmuliyo, rogorc sayveduri. 

saqarTvelos eklesia zeimobs 2000 wlisTavs da vSiSobdiT, 

rom Cveni eklesiisTvis, mrevlisTvis mtkivneuli iqneboda 

aseTi Tema (simpoziumze) da Cven SevecadeT, baton levons 

davkavSirebodiT. me miTxres, rom baton levons ver 

daukavSirdnen (???) da Cven gvqonda ori alternativa: an 

dagvetovebina es moxseneba, an amogveRo. me, piradad, rodesac 

saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebTan erTad veswrebodi msjelobas, 

gamovTqvi azri, rom am fonze arasasurveli iyo am moxsenebis 

gamotana. magram, vinaidan, Cven avtors ver davukavSirdiT da 

ver gavagebineT Cveni gulistkivili, misTvis uaris Tqma 

uxerxuli iqneboda 3 “. 

gulistkivili, rom SeiZleba ar eTanxmeba Cvens pozicias, am taZarSi 

nurc qarTuli samRvdeloeba Seasrulebs RvTismsaxurebas da nurc somxuri 

samRvdeloeba, sanam ar iqneba (sakiTxi) garkveuli. 

3. rodesac Cven miviReT es (isaxanianis moxsenebis) Tezisi, cota ucxo 

iyo Sinaarsi, rameTu igi, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, qmnida safuZvels, rom 

farTo sazogadoebisTis aRqmuliyo rogorc sayveduri. saqarTvelos 

eklesia zeimobs 2000 wlisTavs da iyo gulSi raRac es xinji, rom Cveni 

eklesiisTvis, mrevlisTvis mtkivneuli iqneboda, rom ai aseTi sayveduris 

Tema iqneboda (simpoziumze) da Cven SevecadeT, rom baton levons 

davkavSirebodiT. me miTxres, rom baton levons ver daukavSirdnen fizikurad 

da Cven gvqonda ori alternativa, an dagvetovebina es moxseneba, an 

amogveRo. me piradad, rodesac saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebTan erTad 

veswrebodi msjelobas, gamovTqvi aseTi azri: miuxedavad imisa, rom am 

fonze, rac me movyevi, sasurveli ar iyo am moxsenebis gamotana, vinaidan 

Cven avtors ver davukavSirdiT da ver gavagebineT Cveni gulis tkivili, 

misTvis uaris Tqma, rodesac movidoda da naxavda, rom misi moxseneba ar 

aris, naklebad gasagebi iqneboda. 

„Tezisi, – ganagrZo meufem, – miuxedavad imisa, rom mas 

hqonda deklaratiuli xasiaTi, ar iyo da ar aris moxseneba... 

rogoric ar unda yofiliyo es moxseneba, es aris somxuri 

eklesiis pozicia. es batoni levonis azri ar aris, es aris 

oficialuri pozicia da, me vfiqrob, rom me maqvs ufleba, ar 

daveTanxmo, magram masac aqvs ufleba Tqvas is, rac CvenTvis, 

SeiZleba, miuRebelia... me sayveduri minda vuTxra am darbazis 

zogierT wevrs: exla Cven gamovxateT somxuri eklesiis mimarT 

raRac... (ar daasrula azri, rasac darbazidan mohyva kiTxva: 

„ra gamovxateT?“), me vTvli, rom Cveni emocia ukve iyo 

arakoreqtuli da qarTuli qristianobisTvis 

Seuracxmyofeli... uari am moxsenebaze iqneboda somxuri 

eklesiisaTvis da Cveni mezobeli xalxisaTvis azris gamoTqmis 

SezRudva. es maTi uflebaa, rogori azri eqnebaT. (darbazidan 

replika: „Cven ara gvaqvs ufleba?“). Tu vinmes kidev gindaT 

azris gamoTqma, SegiZliaT... iciT, ras niSnavs gansxvavebuli 

azris Sewynareba? es niSnavs, rom, SeiZleba, raRac SemTxvevaSi 

vcdebode... amitom aq aris msjeloba, es aris samecniero 

simpoziumi... da, Tu es Tema awuxebs somxur eklesias da es 

Tema awuxebs qarTul eklesias, ukeTesi adgili sad aris. ai, 

mecnierebi da visaubroT. gamoTqviT azri, vin giSliT?!“. 

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, qarTvelma mecnierebma, 

organizatorebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar miiCnies mizanSewonilad 

simpoziumze moxsenebis miReba da arc masze msjeloba da 

kamaTi. 

„ukeTesi adgili sad ariso“, rom brZana meufem, _ saxalxo 

damcvelma, rogorc Cans, somxuri pretenziebis mxardasaWerad, 

ukeTes adgilad parlamentis sxdoma miiCnia da, simpoziumidan 

erTi Tvis Tavze, Tavis vrcel moxsenebaSi, Seexo ra religiur 

Temas, romelic, rbilad rom vTqvaT, ar gamoirCeoda 

keTilganwyobiT marTlmadidebelTa mimarT, aRniSna: „...am etapze 

somxuri samociqulo eklesiis saqarTvelos eparqia yvelaze 

radikalurad TbilisSi noraSenisa da axalcixeSi – surbniSanis 

taZrebis dabrunebis sakiTxs svams... sapatriarqos pozicias 

taZrebis istoriuli mepatronis Sesaxeb angariSs uwevs 

xelisufleba, romelic calmxrivad ver wyvets, daubrunos Tu

26 27 

ara taZrebi Tavis istoriul mflobels...“ (dasax. moxseneba, 

gv. 85). rogorc vxedavT, saxalxo damcveli operatiulad 

gamoexmaura simpoziumze wamoWril saWirboroto sakiTxs da 

erTi xelis mosmiT, saqarTvelos sapatriarqosagan da qarTvel 

mecnierTagan gansxvavebiT, gadawyvita xsenebuli taZrebis 

istoriuli memkvidris sakiTxi somxeTis eklesiis sasargeblod, 

riTac aSkarad gadaameta Tavis ufleba-movaleobebs. 

simpoziumis an parlamentis darbazSi didi ilia rom 

brZanebuliyo, albaT, Tavis ukve gamoTqmul azrs gaimeorebda: 

„droa, niRabi avxadoT im erTs gunds somxebisas, romelTa 

mecnierni aseTs yofas gvaweven qarTvelebs. droa, Wkuas movideT 

da ar SevuSindeT im crupentela liberalebs, romelnic gangeb 

pirSi burTs gvCrian, rom Tavisi oinbazoba, orpiroba da 

calguloba miafuCeCon. nu gvamxilebTo, Torem erovnul SfoTis 

aRdgenas dagwamebT, retrogradebis banakSi Tavs amogayofinebT, 

radganac mecxramete saukunis dasasruls (miTumetes XXI 

saukuneSi – a.u.) erovnul SfoTis atexa, erTa Soris RvarZlis 

STamoTesva sibriyvesa da gonebis sibneles moaswavebso da 

liberalobis Seginebasao. gana ar viciT, mxileba arafrad 

eWaSnikeba avis mqnelsa, magram gana es sabuTia, Tvali davibrmaoT, 

yurSi bamba davicoT da ena moviWraT?.. nuTu marTla am laTaiebs 

unda SevuSindeT da enac ar davZraT Cvenis sakuTaris vinaobis 

sarClisa da patronobisaTvis? Tqveni wkipurtic-ki gvwyins 

da Cvens panRurs-ki nu iwyenTo. ra nabiWvrebi Cvena varT am 

wuTisoflisa, rom amas gveubnebian, amiT gviTaTbireben?!» [2]. 

davubrundeT simpoziums. meufe danielis mowodebaze azris 

gamoTqmasTan dakavSirebiT, sityva iTxova marTlmadidebelma 

mRvdelma, romelmac aRniSna: „upirveles yovlisa, namdvilad 

unda movTokoT Cevni emociebi da koreqtulad gamovTqvaT 

mosazrebebi. me maqvs (somex) batonebTan aseTi kiTxva: 

ierusalimSi macxovris saflavTan aris iakob mociqulis 

saxelobis taZari, monasteri, romelic ekuTvnoda saqarTvelos 

eklesias. Cven rom mogTxovoT dabruneba am taZrisa, 

dagvibrunebT? (replika darbazidan: „amaTTvis am kiTxvis dasma 

SeiZleba?“) iciT, ra, sasuliero piria da brZana, rom 

tolerantebi xarTo. me mis sarwmunoebasTan namdvilad ara 

var tolerantuli, me vTvli, rom samociqulo eklesia iyo 

somxeTis eklesia, dRes is aris cdomilebaSi... (meufem Seawyvetina 

replikiT, rom aq amaze saubris adgili ar ariso). kargi, amaze 

gameciT pasuxi, rac me gkiTxeT“ –daasrula marTlmadidebelma 

mRvdelma. . . . . Semdeg kamaTi ase warimarTa: 

somexi mRvdeli: _ me Tqven amaze ar gi pasuxebT! 

qarTveli mRvdeli: _ imitom, rom Tqven ara gaqvT pasuxi; 

somexi mRvdeli: _ gvaqvs pasuxi _ eklesia, romelzec Tqven 

saubrobT, ekuTvnis somxeTis eklesias. 

qarTveli mRvdeli: _ Tqvenca gaqvT bevri eklesia, romelzec 

saqarTvelos eklesias aqvs pretenziebi. es qarTuli eklesiebi 

iyo! 

somexi mRvdeli: _ da Semdeg rogor gaxdnen somxurebi? 

qarTveli mRvdeli: _ somxebma miitaces; 

somexi mRvdeli (gancvifrebuli): somxebma miitaces?! 

am SemTxvevisaTvis sworedac rom zedgamoWrilia ilias 

droindeli sityvebi: «isini (somxebi-a.u.), vinc RviZl Zmad 

migvaCnia, vinc – saqarTvelos kalTis qveS ipova rqa cxovrebis 

xsnisa, dRes isini gamxdaran mosisxle mtrad. am didebulTa 

warwerebiT aRsavse qvaTa da umsgavsoebaTa savse xeliT 

cdiloben Semusron da amoamtvrion weraqviT qarTuli 

warwerebi... arabebi batonobdnen 200 weliwadi da isini ar 

sCadiodnen am ambebs, rasac dRes vxedavT da gvesmis. misdgomian 

da angreven taZrebs rkinis ketebiT da weraqvebiT, anadgureben 

naxatebs, Tvalebs CiCqnian wmindanebs da sxv. samarcxvinoa, rom 

mama-papaTa sisxliT Sereuli kiriT aRSenebulni taZarni 

daisakuTron guSindel mosulTa da mkvidrni ki gandevnil 

iyvnen Tvissave mamulSi. miT ufro saTakiloa amgvari movlena, 

rom iqneb xarajac daadon Cvens mlocvelebs am mama-papaTa 

salocavebSi» (gaz. „iveria”, 1885 w., #159). 

didi xmauris Semdeg simpoziumis sxdomaze sityvis warmoTqmis 

ufleba erT-erTma damswre saero pirma iTxova: „mizani miRweulia... 

rodesac meufe danielma brZana, rom mas (isaxanians-a.u.) aqvs 

aseTi pozicia da Cven gavceT pasuxio. pozicia bevrnairi SeiZleba 

iyos. arsebobs aseTi Tezisi, me vityvi da Sen mere asabuTeo. ai, 

zustad aseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme: gamobrZanda batoni,

28 29 

romelmac Tqva, rom saqarTveloSi 600-ze meti eklesia, Turme, 

ekuTvniT somxebs da axla Cven mTeli seriozulobiT mecnierebi 

unda moviwvioT da vamtkicoT, rom es 600 eklesia aris Cveni. me 

absoluturad viziareb baton roinis azrs, rom amaze polemika 

saerTod ar unda dagvewyo, magram radgan daviwyeT, qalbaton 

marikas azri unda ganviTardes da, vfiqrob, amaze viRacam unda 

aiRos pasuxismgebloba... me getyviT, amas ra gagrZeleba mohyveba. 

(rogorc mogaxseneT, gagrZeleba maleve, erTi Tvis Tavze, mohyva, 

kerZod, saxalxo damcvelis gamosvla parlamentSi-a.u.). es 

(moxseneba) rom dRis wesrigSi ar Sesuliyo, es (Tezisebi) ar 

daibeWdeboda, arc xval (vinme) waikiTxavda. SemindeT meufev, 

magram Tqven ufro meti pasuxismgebloba gevalebodaT am dros. 

SeiZleba vinme saredaqcio kolegiaSi Semcdariyo, magram Tqven, 

roca amis msgavs moxsenebaze iyo laparaki... Tqven TqviT, rom, 

ara uSavs, radgan ver vatyobinebT da imas ar ewyinoso, da... Cven 

rom gvewyina absoluturad arakoreqtuli, Seuracxmyofeli, 

dausabuTebeli gamosvla? vimeoreb,: aman Tqva da axla Tqven 

amtkiceT, da aiReT pasuxismgebloba Tqvens Tavze“. 

dasasrul, sityviT gamovida akademikosi daviT musxeliSvili: 

„rac batonma roinma brZana, absoluturad sworia... ra Tqma 

unda, es moxseneba moxseneba ar iyo, es sruliad aSkaraa, da ver 

damimtkicebs batoni levoni, rom somxuri eparqia arsebobda 

odesme saqarTveloSi (darbazidan: „V saukuneSi“).... ... arc V-Si 

da arc ocdamexuTeSi. iciT, ra aris eparqia? eklesiebi ki ar 

aris eparqia. eparqia aris teritoria, romelic Sedis romeliRac 

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.OaseTi rame iyo saqarTveloSi? arc 

V-Si da arc Semdgom. amaze laparaki aris absurdi. axla amaze 

msjeloba SeiZleba? es xom araseriozulia? aq laparaki, 

faqtiurad, imaze iyo, rom dRevandeli eklesiebi somxebis aris 

Tu ara. es Cveni simpoziumis gadasawyvetia, kaco? amitom, Zalian 

gTxovT, megobrebo, moveSvaT _ Tezisebi daibeWda, dasabeWdi 

(pasuxebic) daibeWdeba da morCa da gaTavda“. 

simpoziumis sxdomis dasaruls xmaurma, SfoTma imata. 

darbazs vtovebdiT aRelvebulebi, Seuracxyofilebi, 

damcirebulebi da ugulvebelyofilebi: am problemis wamoweva, 

ra Tqma unda, ar iyo SemTxveviTi; SesaZloa, arsebobdes garkveuli 

gegma, Tu rogor ganviTardes Tema. saxalxo damcvelis xsenebuli 

moxseneba, vfiqrobT, am gegmas ukavSirdeba. 

viTarebis mowesrigebasa da ramdenadme ganmuxtvas simpoziumis 

daskvniT sxdomaze Cveni eklesiis patriarqi, uwmindesi da 

unetaresi, ilia II Seecada. sanam misi gamosvlidan amonarids 

moviyvandeT, SemogTavazebT manamde gamosuli qalbatonis _ 

marika lorTqifaniZis sityvas (mcireodeni SemoklebiT): 

„seqciis Tavmjdomarem nawilobriv mogaxsenaT im mZime 

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic baton isaxanianis moxsenebasTan 

dakavSirebiT Seiqmna. unda mogaxsenoT – Cemi pozicia Tavidanve 

gamovacxade - rom ar mimaCnia sworad da (gamovTqvi) sayveduri, 

ara isaxanianis mimarT, romelsac Tavisi azri aqvs am sakiTxze, 

aramed saredaqcio komisiis mimarT, romelmac misi Tezisebi am 

saxiT Seitana moxsenebaTa TezisebSi. batonma daviTma (akad. 

daviT musxeliSvili – a.u.) maSinve (seqciaze kamaTis dros – 

a.u.) gamoTqva Tvalsazrisi: sawinaaRmdego, erTmaneTisagan 

gansxvavebul mosazrebebs jebirs ver SevuqmniTo, - marTalia, 

magram marTalia isic, rom somxebi CvenTan da, am SemTxvevaSi, 

qarTul eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi, weren somxurad da evropis 

yvela enaze, Cven ki qarTulad xandaxan Tu vupasuxebT maT... 

kidev SeiZleboda araferi meTqva, magram, rodesac am sakiTxze 

laparaki gamwvavda, meufe danielma brZana, rom mas aqvs amaze 

Tavisi koncefcia. me, ra Tqma unda, Tavs uflebas ar mivcem, 

meufe daniels vekamaTo, magram mogaxsenebT, rom is, rac man 

brZana, ar mimaCnia sworad, da, ai, ratom: meufe danielma brZana, 

rom wlebis manZilze qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris 

mimdinareobda dava saqarTveloSi mTeli rigi eklesiebis gamo; 

Semdeg meufe danielma brZana, rom qarTuli da somxuri 

eklesiebis meTaurebi SeTanxmdnen, am sakiTxze diskusia da 

kamaTi SeCerebuliyo. ai, amis Semdeg gamodis, rom qarTuli 

mxare amas ar arRvevs _ arRvevs isev somxuri mxare: ayenebs 

sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, rom (Turme) V saukunidan CvenTan somxuri 

eparqia arsebobda, rom 600-ze meti somxuri saeklesio Zegli 

iqna agebuli. rodesac vTxoveT momxsenebels, daesabuTebina, 

araviTari sabuTi man ar warmoadgina. (seqciaze) iTqva, rom es 

ar aris samecniero moxseneba da amitom mis irgvliv kamaTi ar

30 31 

unda iyos. maSin me maqvs aseTi winadadeba: radgan dairRva 

samecniero simpoziumis xasiaTi – Semotanili (moxseneba) ar 

CaiTvala samecniero moxsenebad, da mis irgvliv kamaTi da 

diskusia ar Sedga, amitom, am simpoziumis masalebis 

gamoqveynebisas, SeiZleba isev wesis darRveviT, iqve iqnes 

dabeWdil-gamoqveynebuli qarTvel mecnierTa Tvalsazrisi 

debulebebze, romelic wamoyenebulia isaxanianis moxsenebaSi“. 

dasasrul, uwmindesma warmoTqva sityva. man madloba 

gadauxada simpoziumis monawileebs, xolo Semdeg aRniSna: 

„saqarTvelos eklesia, mogexsenebaT, aris uZvelesi eklesia, 

daarsebuli mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis mier; eklesia, 

sadac ewama mravali mowame – me ar meguleba qveyanaze iseTi 

eklesia da iseTi qveyana, romelSic amdeni wamebuli yofiliyos. 

es gvaZlevs did sulier Zalas da amiT sazrdoobda da 

sazrdoobs qarTveli xalxi 2000 wlis ganmavlobaSi. yvelaferi, 

rac gakeTda kulturaSi, literaturaSi, arqiteqturasa da 

sxva dargebSi, yvelaferi iyo dayrdnobili qristianul 

sarwmunoebaze. saqarTvelo aris is qveyana, sadac saocrad 

Serwymuli iyo codna da rwmena. da amisi ara erTi magaliTi 

gagvaCnia. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom Cveni simpoziumi daiwyo 

universitetSi da daskvniTi sxdoma tardeba mecnierebaTa 

akademiaSi, da am simpoziumSi monawileobas Rebuloben Cveni 

didi mecnierebi da cnobili adamianebi. 

me minda vTqva, rom mravali kargi moxseneba gakeTda seqciebSi, 

magram, amave dros, iyo iseTi moxsenebebi, romelTac gamoiwvies 

arasasurveli kamaTi da Semoitanes disonansi sxdomebze. Tqven 

moismineT Cveni akademiis prezidentisagan, rom es moxsenebebi 

gamocemul unda iqnas, magram, sanam gamoicema, me minda, kidev erTi 

Sekreba movawyoT saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, romelzec yoveli 

moxseneba detalurad unda iyos ganxiluli da gaanalizebuli, 

da saTanado Sefaseba unda mieces maT. me aseve minda vTqva, rom 

am moxsenebebis dros Tqven iyaviT mowme imisa, rom daiwyo 

kamaTi da warmoiSva gansxvavebuli azri ama Tu im sakiTxze. me 

minda vTxovo yvelas, visac aqvs gansxvavebuli azri, werilobiT 

warmoadginos sapatriarqoSi, Cven aucileblad ganvixilavT 

mas da, Tu iqneba misaRebi, aucileblad miviRebT“. 

vfiqrobT, iseTi zomieri, keTilmosurne da gulisxmieri 

adamianis mier warmoTqmuli es sityva, rogoric Cveni patriarqia, 

warmoadgens aRniSnuli simpoziumis sakmaod mkacr Sefasebas. 

magram ra iqneba xval? rogor davicavT Cven Cvens eklesiebs? 

vin da sad Txzavs Cveni qveynis, eris, eklesiis istorias? erTi 

ram amTaviTve unda iTqvas: saxalxo damcvelis zemoT moyvanili 

pozicia mianiSnebs, rom xsenebuli sakiTxiT seriozuli uwyebebi 

da organizaciebi arian dainteresebulni. amazeve miuTiTebs 

saxalxo damcvelis aparatTan Seqmnili religiaTa sabWo da 

misi Semadgenloba. gazeT „qronikis” 2005 w., #36-is erT 

werilSi aRniSnulia, rom am religiaTa sabWos erT-erT sxdomaze 

miuwveviaT da dautuqsavT Jurnalistebi, radgan isini, Turme, 

„kargad ar weren religiur Temebze“. aSkarad gamoCnda sabWos 

tendencia: _ „Tu marTlmadidebel eklesias galanZRav, saxalxo 

damcvelis religiaTa sabWos sxdomaze Sens sakiTxs ar 

ganixilaven, magram Tu sxva religiebis warmomadgenlebs 

seqtantebad moixsenieb da ityvi, rom maTi moZRvreba 

antimarTlmadidebluria, saSiSroebis winaSe dgebi, rom Seni, 

rogorc Jurnalistis, saqcielis ganxilva sabWos dRis wesrigSi 

dadgeba“. 

«aRniSnuli publikaciidanve vigebT, rom religiaTa sabWos 

sxdomaze gamovidnen: mRvdelmsaxurebaakrZaluli dekanozi basil 

kobaxiZe, kavkasiuri institutis warmomadgeneli Tamar Samili, 

nodar ladaria (gaz. „24 saaTis“ ombudsmeni – a.u.) da a.S. am 

sxdomaze sofel samsarSi momxdari incidentis Sesaxebac 

isaubres. SegaxsenebT, rom axalqalaqis raionis sofeli samsari 

uZvelesi qarTuli sofelia, romelic amJamad somxebiT aris 

dasaxlebuli. gasul (2005 w. – a.u.) zafxuls aq mZime 

mdgomareobaSi myofi Zeglebis gasawmendad Tbilisidan Camosuli 

studentebi somxurma mosaxleobam taZarSi ar SeuSva. fizikuri 

Seuracxyofa miayenes rogorc studentebs, aseve maTTan myof 

monazvnebsac. saxalxo damcvelis ofisSi gamoiTqva azri, rom 

xsenebul incidentSi damnaSave saqarTvelos eklesia yofila. 

sabWos sxdomis warmomadgenlebs ar gaaxsendaT, rom samsarSi 

momxdari incidentis gamo qarTul mrevls bodiSi mouxada 

saqarTveloSi somxuri eparqiis xelmZRvanelma episkoposma

32 33 

vazgen mirzaxanianma... amave publikaciidan imasac vigebT, rom 

(sabWos) sxdomaze kaTolikos-patriarqis mimarT sayveduric 

gamoTqmula. raSi adanaSauleben saqarTvelos patriarqs? imaSi, 

rom man Tqva: roca qarTveli tovebs marTlmadideblobas, igi 

Ralatobs Tavis sarwmunoebas sasuliero pirs, miT ufro, 

patriarqs, (sabWos azriT) imis Tqmis ufleba ar hqonia, rom 

marTlmadideblobidan gandgoma rwmenis Ralatia! es aramc Tu 

misi uflebaa, aramed movaleobac. an ra Sefaseba unda mieces 

marTlmadideblobis datovebas da sxva sarwmunoebaze gadasvlas 

– „eklesiis erTgulebisa“ Tu „rwmenisTvis Tavdadebisa?“... 

Jurnalisti amxels dekanoz basil kobaxiZis braldebas, 

TiTqos umarTebulo da Jurnalistis mxridan araswori iyo 

im faqtis gaxseneba, roca ramodenime wlis win fokaSi mosalocad 

wasul qarTvel marTlmadideblebze adgilobrivi mosaxleobis 

nawilis mxridan Tavdasxmis mcdeloba ganxorcielda» (z. 

cxovrebaZe, „saqarTvelos eklesiis Tanamedrove gansacdeli“, 

2005 w.). 

ai, aseTi suli trialebs sax. damcvelis ofisSi da religiaTa 

sabWoSi: antiqarTuli da antimarTlmadidebluri. 

vSiSobT, rom Cvens sityvebs mavani somexTa da qarTvelTa 

Soris mtrobis gaRvivebis mcdelobad miiCnevs. magram Cven 

mtrobis ki ara, Zmobisa da keTilmezoblobis mosurneni varT, 

da, Tu rames simarTliT mwared vambobT, mxolod imitom, rom 

SevagonoT moyvass Tavisi cdomileba, davanaxoT Cveni kanonieri 

survili da ufleba – davicvaT is, rac gvekuTvnis Cvensave 

qveyanaSi, Cven saxelovan winaparTa naamagari, naoflari da 

nasisxlari. Cven viziarebT didi mamuliSvilebis – iliasa da 

akakis suliskveTebas, rasac kidev ufro mkafiod Semdeg TavebSi 

SevexebiT. aq ki moviyvanT SemoklebiT 1902 w. gazeT „iveriaSi“ 

dabeWdil i. qsnispirelis werils „ususuri liberaloba“: 

« ...sCans isev gaCaRda kamaTi Zvel „JamTa siavis” gamo. sCans, 

es „JamTa siave“ Rrmad swvdeba Cvenis eris gulsa da suls... 

CvenTvis am patalogiurs movlenas Seadgens somxobisa da 

qarTvelobis damokidebuleba... diaR, saarCevno sezonis siaxlove 

arafer SuaSia, rom kamaTi qarTvelTa da somexTa 

damokidebulebisa gamo gaaxlda... am kamaTis sagani wylulad 

gamosvlia sazogadoebas da vidre es wyluli ar gamoirwyvis, 

saqmes ara eSveleba ra. 

pativcemul gazeTs („cnobis furceli“ – a.u.) TvalSi 

eklad eCxireba, roca vinme qarTveli usiamovnos ityvis xolme 

somxobaze. „cnobis furcelma“ morTo maRal hangze galoba, 

laTaia Zmobisa da erTobisa. me rom mkiTxoT, es laTaia ufro 

garedan monaberia, vidre Sinauri... gvesmis, roca „novoe 

obozrenies“ xelmZRvaneli RaRadebs, Zmoba da erToba saWiroa 

qarTvelTa da somexTa Soriso. gvesmis agreTve, Tu rad an 

risTvis eseTi RaRadisi mimarTulia marto qarTvelTa mimarT... 

diaR, batonebo, Zmoba da erToba, kai mogceT RmerTma, rom kargi 

swavlaa, magram mxolod maSin, roca igi yvelasTvis savaldebuloa. 

Torem daCagruls da gaZarculs Zmoba rom uqadago da 

mCagvrels-ki aRviri miuSva da neba misce, iTareSe da inavardeo, 

- maSin ra Zmoba da erToba iqneba... metic aris, rom qarTvel 

xalxs uqadago, Zmoba da erToba iqonie mezoblebTanao. mTeli 

Cveni istoria amtkicebs, rom qarTveli yovelTvis Zmebad sTvlida 

kavkasionis mkvidrTa. im TaviTve qarTvels somexi Zmad miaCnda 

da, gaWirvebis dros, namdvil Zmobasac uwevda. samwuxarod, es 

ar iTqmis somxobaze. TiTqmis arc erTi Zveli meistorie 

somexi keTilad ar ixseniebs saqarTvelos da, roca SemTxveva 

eZleva, Sxamsa da gesls ar iSurebs Cvenis samSoblosaTvis. 

gvikvirs da gvaocebs, Tu aseTi ra dauSava bedkrulma 

saqarTvelom Taviss mezobel ersa, rom, magaliTebr, vardan didicki 

didebuls vaxtang gorgaslans mxdalad da mSiSrad hxadis 

da imis laSqars upatiruad ixsenebs!... iqneba, Tqvenc 

mogexsenebodeT, rom pirveladve somexni miwa-wyals gvedavebodnen 

da sul imis fiqrsa da cdaSi iyvnen, rom gaeglijaT rame. 

roca SeeZloT aki gagvglijes kidec da vanis are-maredgan 

aqaTken gamogvlales. axlandeli garemoeba xom yvelas Tvalwin 

udgia. axla somxoba suramis uReltexilisken migverekeba. 

kadniereba iqamde mivida, rom mTeli saqarTvelo rukazed 

somxeTad daxates da aseTi ruka „didisa somxeTisa“ mTel 

evropas mohfines. es xom asea, magram Zmobasa da erTobas mainc 

Cven gviqadageben da kacTa mZulvared Cven gvTvlian! cxadze 

cxadia, rom qarTveloba mxolod moseuls mezobels igeriebs

34 35 

da amasac-ki, Zmobisa da erTobis saxeliT, Cvenve danaSaulad 

gvdeben da mere iciT vin?_Cvenive liberalni! 

Tavi Tavi II 

II 

magram Cveni ususuroba imaSia, rom axlac maRali fraza 

gvxiblavs. literaturuli „etiketi“ kerpad gavixadeT da 

rogor rogor da da ratom ratom itacebdnen itacebdnen da 

da 

amitom qarTvel publicists isre ara asiamovnebs ra, rogorc 

„progresistis“, „liberalis“ saxeli. mezoblebma kargad ician 

es Cveni sisuste da ase xSirad win gvifenen liberalur da 

progresiul zizil-pipilebs. roca erovnuli brZola arsebobs, 

itaceben itaceben somxebi somxebi qarTul 

qarTul 

marTlmadideblur marTlmadideblur taZrebs 

taZrebs 

maSin klasebrivs asaxeleben, burJua ebrZvis qarTvel feodals 

da ara somexi qarTvelsao... Cvenc aseT brZolas taSs vukravT 

1. 1. Sesavali 

Sesavali 

da sinamdviles ki ver vxedavT. 

am Tavis wanamZRvrad didi ilias Semdegi sityvebi gamodgeba: 

droTa brunvam guSindeli Cumi da wynari mezobeli onavrad 

„somexTa mecnierTa da maTTa amqarTa oinebi karga xnis ambavia... 

gagvixada, es onavari mogvisia da ieriSiT zed mogvayena. Cven-ki 

amisTana tyuili da gacuRlutebuli istoria-geografia visi 

mogeriebis nebasac ar gvaZleven. 

unari unda iyos? is dRea da es dRe, somxis mwignobarni imis 

diaR, Cvens mdgomareobaSi, upirveles yovlisa, sifxizle da 

cdasa da metyvelebaSi arian, rom saqarTvelo, rac SeiZleba, 

kulturuli, medgari kanonieri brZolaa saWiro da ara „naninas“ 

amierkavkasiaSi avis TvaliT daanaxvon qveyanas, rac SeiZleba 

simRera, romelic Tvlemas da Zils hgvris sazogadoebasa. 

meti nawili CamoaTalon da TviT miiTvison, rac SeiZleba, 

swored aseTi Tvlema da Zili ar ascdeba Cvens ersac, ukeTu 

gauuqmon warsulic, SeubRalon awmyoca. magaliTisamebr, 

Cvenis udrood momwifebul liberalebis galobas ahyveba... » 

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom Woroxis xeoba Zvelad-Zvelidamve 

(gaz. „iveria“, 1902 w. #170). 

Seadgens nawils zemoqarTlisas, saca bolos xanebSi samcxesaaTabago 

iyo. somxis mwerlebi ki _ emini, xudabaSovi, ericovi 

swored am adgilebs gvecilebian da amtkiceben, rom mtkvris 

saTavis adgilebi, mTeli Woroxis xeoba 

_ dids somxeTs ekuTvnodneno. TiTqmis 

erTis saxtoms adgils-Ra gvarCenen... eseTi 

ostatoba da oinbazoba ar daeficebaT 

imaT, vinc Zvels qvas aclis Zvels 

monasters, an qarTuls warweras hfxeks

36 37 

da zed somxuri asoebi gamohyavs, an TviTon qvas iparavs da 

eSmakma icis, sada hkargavs“ [3]. 

taZrebis mitaceba qarTvelTa gasomxebis umniSvnelovanesi 

etapi iyo, vinaidan istoriulad marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis 

ganmsazRvrel niSan-Tvisebad Camoyalibda, marTlmadideblobas 

SeenivTa qarTuli suliereba, zneoba, cnobiereba, kultura, yofa, 

tradicia da adaT-wesebi. somxebis mier taZarwarTmeuli 

qarTuli mosaxleoba ki, daumoZRvravi, gauTviTcnobierebeli 

da umwyemsod STenili, iRebda somxur rjuls, ris Semdegac 

iwyeboda maTi gasomxebisa da asimilaciis procesi, xSirad – 

ZaldatanebiT. am gziT iqna gasomxebuli aTi aTasobiT qarTveli, 

saqarTvelos mTeli regionebi. am gziT cdilobdnen Cvens 

qveyanaSi Semoxiznuli somexi eris warmomadgenlebi didi 

somxeTis „aRdgenis“ ocnebis ganxorcielebas. 

am gzaze gansakuTrebul warmatebas somxebma XIX s. II 

naxevarsa da XX s. dasawyisSi miaRwies. magram uRvTo 

bolSevikebma da maTma memkvidre komunistebma dRis wesrigSi 

daayenes mxolod erTi klasis, msoflio proletariatis, 

mogvianebiT ki _ erTi eris, „sabWoTa eris“ formireba, ramac 

ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali mcire erebis viwro erovnuli 

miswrafebebi Seaferxa. Tumca am periodis manZilzec somexi 

„mecnierebi” sxvadasxva gamocemebsa da publikaciebSi TavianT 

sasargeblod Cveni qveynis istorias gamalebiT ayalbebdnen, 

raSic rusi mecnierebis mxardaWera TvalsaCino iyo. 

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg somxebSi kvlav gaiRviZa 

„didi somxeTis“ „aRdgenis“ ideam, romlis ganxorcieleba, ra 

Tqma unda, isev ruseTis daxmarebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli.. Tumca 

perspeqtivebi iseTi masStaburi veRar aris, rogoric XIX s.- 

Si iyo. politikuradac, ruseTis farglebSi 

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi urTierTobebi saxelmwifoebs Soris 

urTierTobebad da konfliqtebad gardaiqmna. Sedegad, dainTo 

omis cecxli mTian yarabaxSi, aseve, afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi. 

es ukanaskneli uTanxmoebani pirdapir ara, magram iribad mainc 

ukavSirdebian somxur „ideas“. 

samvel karapetianis gamoqveynebuli ruka-cnobari da sxva 

publikaciebi swored am somxur „ideas“ emsaxurebian. anu, 

kvlav dRis wesrigSi dgas ucxoTagan qarTul taZarTa mitaceba, 

qarTuli kulturis nimuSebis xelyofa Tu miTviseba, qarTuli 

miwebis dapatroneba. 

2. 2. istoriis istoriis gayalbeba gayalbeba gayalbeba somxurad 

somxurad 

«erevanSi arsebulma somxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis kvlevis 

organizaciam 1992 wels gamouSva feradi bukleti 

„axalqalaqi” _ somxur, rusul da inglisur enebze. misi 

Sinaarsis mixedviT, arc meti, arc naklebi, axalqalaqi Zveli 

somxuri qalaqi yofila. es organizacia analogiuri bukletebis 

gamocemas apirebs wyalTbilaze, baraleTze, axalcixeze, saTxeze 

da sxva istoriuli mniSvnelobis adgilebsa da Zeglebze. 

manve erevanSi gamoaqveyna ruka-cnobari _ „somxuri eklesiebi 

saqarTveloSi“, 1995, avtoria samvel karapetiani» [2]. 

xsenebul ruka-cnobaris anotaciaSi pirdapiraa naTqvami: 

«werilobiTi wyaroebis mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad 

gamoirkva, saqarTvelos raionebSi ganlagebulia 650 somxuri 

eklesia (qarTlsa da kaxeTSi (XIII-XIV saukuneebSi aSenebuli), 

xolo ufro gviandeli: imereTis, samegrelo-kolxeTis, 

afxazeTisa da aWaris somxuri eklesiebi aSenebulia XIX s. 

dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi)» [2]. 

daakvirdiT sityvebs: „werilobiTi wyaroebis mecnieruli 

kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad gamoirkva...“. wina TavSi nawilobriv 

SevexeT, xolo am Tavsa da momdevno TavebSi araerTxel 

warmovaCenT am „kvleva-Ziebis” namdvil Sinaarss, ra 

„gamoarkvies“ somexma mecnierebma da rogor xdeboda maT 

mier istoriis gaugonari gayalbeba, istoriuli faqtebis 

totaluri damaxinjeba, „mecnieruli“ TaRliToba da 

insinuaciebi. 

swored amisTana „tyuili da gacuRlutebuli istoriageografiis” 

erT-erTi nimuSia ruka-cnobari. b-n s. karapetiani 

gugareTsa da javaxeTs – marneuls, bolniss, dmaniss, TeTri 

wyaros, walkas, ninowmindas, axalqalaqs, aspinZas – „istoriul 

somxeTs“ uwodebs. am mxareebs ki qarTveli, ucxoeli da, rac 

mTavaria, Tavad Zveli somexi mecnierebi _ agaTangelosi, movses 

xorenaci, hovanes drasxanakertci, lazare farpeci da sxv. _

38 39 

qarTvelTa samflobeloebad Tvlidnen. magram somexi 

istorikosebi am faqts ver Serigebian da gaugonari sikerpiT 

qvemo qarTls, javaxeTs da, Tqven warmoidgineT, mesxeTsac 

„istoriul somxeTad“ naTlaven. 

somex mecnierTa yalbismqnelobam da TaRliTobam evropeli 

mecnierebic ki gaakvirva. 

Tavisi ruka-cnobaris Sedgenisas b-ni s. karapetiani 

wyaroebad iyenebs swored iseTi tendenciuri mecnierebis 

naSromebs, rogoricaa al. ericiani da p. muradiani. 

mecnierebaTa doqtor muradianis «energiuli da 

antiqarTuli moRvaweoba cnobilia. jer iyo da _ is-ze 

daboloebuli yvela qarTuli geografiuli saxeli da 

toponimi gaasomxura. es „aRmoCena“ rom ar daujeres, mere 

mcxeTis jvris taZars Seutia _ somexi Todosakis aSenebuliao. 

cnobili qarTveli mecnieri kalistrate salia parizidan 

werda: „paruir muradianma frangulad gamoaqveyna „reviu dez 

etiud armeneiSenSi“ statia mcxeTis jvris Sesaxeb. gamoaqveyna 

misi megobris mier gadaRebuli somxuri warwera (rogorc, 

viTom, mcxeTis jvris somxuri warwera-a.u.). Semdeg iyo, rom 

dainteresebulma mecnierebma Tqves: mecnierebaSi gaugonari 

falsifikacia gaukeTebia p. muradianso“ (gaz. komunisti, 1990, 

7 oqtomberi). 

vnaxoT, b-n s. karapetianis mier damowmebul istorikos 

aleqsandre ericianTan dakavSirebiT ras igonebs e. TayaiSvili: 

„... milerma miTxra, mudam ambobda (e. ericiani-a.u.), rom 

(saqarTveloSi) yvelaferi somxuriao, axlac agrZelebs amasve!...~, 

(g. lomTaTiZe _ „qarTuli kulturis matiane, e. TayaiSvili~, 

1990 w., gv 133). 

ai, es „obieqturi“ ericiani gaz. „novoe obozrenieSi“ (1891, 

#2502) werda, rom saqarTvelos qalaqebSi: tfilisSi, 

axalqalaqSi, axalcixeSi, awyurSi, gorSi, duSeTs, Telavs, siRnaRs, 

ozurgeTs, ufliscixes da sxva, somxebi Seadgenden mcxovreblebis 

umetes nawils, zogan, TiTqmis, marto somxebi cxovrobeno. 

zogierTi somexi mecnieri wm. ninos, wm. giorgis somxebad 

miiCneven. Turme „mematianeT TqmulebiT somxebi yofilan 13 

asirieli mamani~ (gaz. „hovit“, 1907, 344-45)» [2]. 

«Cven, qarTvelebs, iqneba midgomiT laparaki Segvwamon. aba, 

axla movusminoT imisTana mowameebs, rogoric lenormani da 

hanri raulsonia da davinaxavT, rom gadasxvafereba, sxvisa 

Tavisad daCemeba, afxeka da Cafxeka sabuTebisa, gabaTileba 

sxvisa da sxvis adgilas TavianT Tavis gamoWimva da sxva 

amisTana sikeTeni maTi (somxebis-a.u.) ZvelisZveli unaria da 

Zveladve amisi ostatoba scodniaT» [3]. 

«qvemo qarTli, javaxeTi rom ZirZveli qarTuli miwaa, es 

ukve aRiniSna da aRar gavimeoreb. magram b-n muradians ki 

Sevaxseneb erTs: daviT aRmaSeneblis, Tamar mefis epoqebSi 

didi saqarTvelos samefo gadaWimuli iyo nikofsiidan 

darubandamde, e.i aRmosavleT somxeTis nawili saqarTvelos 

samefos farglebSi Sedioda yovelgvari suverenuli uflebebis 

gareSe. Tumca ase Sors ratom mivdivarT, ager XVIII saukuneSi 

sakuTar saxelmwifos moklebuli da erevnis saxanod qceuli 

aRmosavleT somxeTi (umetesi nawili) gaxldaT erekle mefis 

vasali, yma, magram jer arcerT qarTvel istorikoss azrad 

ar mosvlia erevans, araratis vels da saerTod somxeTs 

uwodos istoriuli saqarTvelo. somexi mecnierebi ki Sin 

Tu gareT SemTxvevas ar uSveben da yurebs uWedaven msoflio 

sazogadoebas am yalbi mecnieruli propagandiT. gamosces 

„istoriuli somxeTis“ uricxvi fantastikuri rukebi da 

amiT Seecadnen ucxoeli mkiTxveli daarwmunon, TiTqos ar 

arsebobs aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, samxreT saqarTvelo. es 

iyo da aris mxolod „istoriuli somxeTi„...?!» [2]. 

magram, «taZar-monastrebisa da qvebis garda, sxva mowmenic 

arian qarTvelobis mRaRadebelni amierkavkasiaSi. amisTana 

mowameni matianeni da qronikebia, mecnierTagan gamoZiebulni, 

da, viTarca istoriulni sabuTni, pirSi udganan somexTa 

mwignobarTa. kargad ician, rom, Tu es istoriuli sabuTebi 

ar gaaqarwyles, bevrs arafers gaxdebian saqarTveloSi. ra 

Tqma unda, axla aqedam mogviares. maTi mecnieri patkanovi 

mogvdga da Tavze gadagvafxriwa Cveni „qarTlis cxovreba“, es 

vaxtang VI dros aris SeTiTxnilio, erTaderTi werilia _ 

„somxuri qronika“ hqviao _ da Tu ram masalaa qarTvelebis 

istoriisa, iq Tu ipovebao» [3]. 

„istoriis gasomxurebis“ mondomebuli mcdelobaa

40 41 

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris, t. maruTianis 1978 wels 

erevanSi somxur enaze gamoqveynebuli monografia „siRrmeTa 

somxeTi“. wigni somxuri arqiteqturis Zeglebis seriiT 

somxeTis mweralTa kavSiris gamomcemlobis „sovetekan groRis~ 

mieraa gamocemuli. avtori istoriis rusi yalbismqmnelis, n. 

tokarskis kvals misdevs. 

«...naSromis SesavalSi t. maruTiani isea gatacebuli 

yvelanairi qarTulis gasomxurebaSi, rom amtkicebs, Tornike 

erisTavi, qarTvelTa sardali jojiki, petriwonis monastris 

damaarsebeli grigol bakurianis Ze da mefe daviT kurapalatic 

ki somxebi ariano. 

wignSi, usafuZvlod, somxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebadaa 

gamocxadebuli qarTuli arqiteqturis Sedevrebi _ iSxani, 

oSki, bana, xaxuli da sxv. avtori yovelgvar xerxs iyenebs, 

raTa tao, uZvelesi qarTuli miwa, somxurad gamoacxados, 

xolo misi mkvidrni _ somxebad. t. maruTiani qarTuli 

kulturisagan izolirebulad ganixilavs taos qarTul 

arqiteqturas, yovel Rones xmarobs, tao da misi mimdebare 

teritoria, Tavisi qarTuli arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT 

somxurad warmoaCinos. 

aseTia t. maruTianis monografiis „siRrmeTa somxeTi“-is 

Sesavali, romelSic avtori SesaSuri „obieqturobiT~ 

warmogvidgens tao-klarjeTis istorias. am „obieqturobis~ 

mizani aSkaraa: Tu es mxare, gansakuTrebiT tao, somxuri miwa 

iyo, maSin, bunebrivia, iq aSenebuli taZrebic somxuri 

arqiteqturis Zeglebia. swored am poziciis gansamtkiceblad 

yovelnairad cdilobs t. maruTiani taos qarTul ZeglTa 

gasomxurebas. 

iSxani. iSxani. iSxnis ti pis eklesiebis ganmeorebaa mefe gagikis 

mier agebuli wm. grigolis taZari (1001 w.). saqarTveloSi 

am tipis eklesia (bana) aSenda mxolod X saukunis dasawyisSi. 

t. maruTiani banasac gadaswvda. saocari isaa, rom taZris 

qarTul saxels – banas igi mourideblad cvlis somxuri 

saxeliT `banak~. 

t. maruTiani mousvenari mkvlevaria, igi Tavis wignSi _ 

„siRrmeTa somxeTi~ oSkis oSkis taZarsac Seexo da isic, misTvis 

Cveuli „ostatobiTa~ da „seriozuli mecnieruli Seswavlis~ 

safuZvelze, Tavisi eris kuTvnilebad gamoacxada. 

t. maruTianis kvlevis Semdegi obieqtia xaxulis xaxulis taZari. 

jer saxelwodebis Sesaxeb _ maruTiani aqac qarTuli taZris 

saxelwodebas somxuri formiT cvlis da mas xaxu-s uwodebs. 

t. maruTiani jiutad anviTarebs Tavis akviatebul calmxriv 

azrs taos qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Sesaxeb (eqiqi, parxali, 

dorTqilisa, taos kari da sxv.). magaliTad, saistorio 

mwerlobaSi cnobili taoskaris saxelwodebas elvis 

siswrafiT „taioc qar~-iT (taos qva) cvlis Tu ratom, ris 

safuZvelze, amis Sesaxeb dums. 

Tumca am saqmeSi t. maruTiani marto ar aris da mas mxars 

umSvenebs p. muradiani, romelmac somxur literaturul gazeTSi 

(„grakin TeTr~, 1988, 26 agvisto) gamoaqveyna vrceli statia 

saTauriT: „tendenciuri istoriuli Sexeduleba~. p. muradiani 

„cnobilia~ Zveli qarTuli kulturisadmi mimtacebluri 

damokidebulebiT: mcxeTis jvris taZari somxuri arqiteqturis 

Zeglad aqcia, meTvramete saukunis qarTuli mwerloba mxolod 

somexi mwerlebis Seqmnilad gamoacxada, n. baraTaSvili 

mowafed dauyena x. abovians da mravali aseTi `mecnieruli 

gmiroba~ aqvs Cadenili mas. 

t. maruTiani sabolood yovelgvar mecnierul da zneobriv 

safuZvels moklebul daskvnas gvTavazobs wignis („siRrmeTa 

somxeTi~) dasasruls: „klarjeTis samxreTiT mdebare siRrmeTa 

somxeTis arqiteqturuli Zeglebi: iSxani, banaki, xaxu, eqeqi, 

taioc qari aSenebulia am qveynis mkvidri (?! b. a.) mosaxleobis 

_ somexi monofiziti da diofiziti mrevlisTvis~. 

albaT, t. maruTianic (da ara marto is) hamburcumasaviT 

araerTxel Semibrunebs kiTxvas, magram taos qvani TavianT 

Tavze TviTonve RaRadeben WeSmaritebas da iTxoven Svelas t. 

maruTianis msgavs mecnierTa xelyofisagan» [25]. 

«mxileba arafrad eWaSnikeba avis mqmnels, magram es rodia 

imis sabuTi, rom Tvali davibrmavoT, yurebSi bamba davicoT, 

ena moviWraT... safuZvliani da sabuTiani siborotis da siavis 

mxileba saWiroa da aucilebeli. sabuTians marTals mxilebas, 

Tunda mteri erisas, gonieri eri madlobiT epyroba da ara 

risxviTa da SfoTiTa....» [3]. 

somex yalbismqmnelTa rigebs „amSvenebs“ Tbilisis 

universitetSi ukve meramdene mecnierad gamomcxvari da

42 43 

qarTvelebs mtrad mokidebuli b-ni muradiani. «b-ma muradianma 

sakandidato disertacia 1963 wels daicva Tbilisis 

universitetSi. erT-erTi oponenti armenologi, profesori 

ivane Salikiani didxans yoymanobda, magram samecniero sabWos 

zogierTi avtoritetiani wevris Txovnis Semdeg, arcTu didi 

xalisiT dadebiTi Sefaseba misca naSroms, xolo cnobil 

armenologs profesor ilia abulaZes dabejiTebiT „uTxres~ 

_ sityviT ar gamosuliyo.... ase Tu ise, b-nma muradianma 

miiRo samecniero xarisxi. naSromis Tema iyo: „Àðìÿíîãðóçèíñêèå 

ëèòåðàòóðíûå âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿ â XVIII âåêå~. 

es naSromi wignad gamovida 1966 wels erevanSi. b-ni muradianis 

am wigns vinc waikiTxavs, erTaderT daskvnas gamoitans _ 

qarTvelebs XVIII s-Si mwerloba da misi dargebi ar eqnebodaT, 

somexi swavlulebi _ zaqaria madinaSvili, filipe 

yaiTmazaSvili da sxvebi rom ar yofiliyvnen. gamodis, am 

dros ar moRvaweobdnen _ vaxuSti, sulxan-saba orbeliani, 

daviT guramiSvili, besiki da sxvani. 

misi es saqcieli, ufro sworad usaqcieloba, uzneoba, 

gamoxatuli missave tendenciur SromebSi, imdenad amazrzeni 

da momabezrebeli gaxda, rom TviT b-n muradianis 

Tanamemamuleebis aRSfoTebac ki gamoiwvia. magaliTad, erTerTi 

cnobili somexi sazogado moRvawe wers: „akademikosi 

marika lorTqifaniZe istorikosTa sazogadoebaSi pirdapir 

ieriSze gadavida somex mecnierebTan am kacis gamo. somxebi 

acxadeben, muradiani somexi eris qronikuli veneriuli 

daavadebaa da mis mosacileblad Rones ar iSureben~. 

b-n muradians kidev erTxel Sevaxseneb: es eklesiebi (Savnabada, 

TeleTis, beTlemis, qarafis qalwulTa eklesiebi, romelsac 

b-ni muradiani somxurad racxavs-a.u.) da mravali sxva, romelTa 

CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans, iyo qarTuli. magram sxvadasxva 

dros Semoxiznulma somxebma, arcTu sasaxelo xerxebiT, 

miisakuTres. mospes maTze arsebuli yovelgvari qarTulis 

kvali, gadaakeTes an masze daaSenes somxuri eklesiebi da 

gaukeTes somxuri warwerebi. Seadgines mSeneblobis 

xarjTaRricxva, angariSi da sxva, romelic daculia 

saqarTvelos somxuri eparqiis arqivSi. es arqivi ki 

gadatanilia erevanSi. am qarTuli eklesiebis somxurobis 

damadasturebel erT-erT sabuTad axla am sameurneo angariSebs 

gviyeneben. am da sxva eklesiebisa da adrindeli qarTulobis 

mauwyebeli sabuTebi daculia saqarTvelos arqivebSi, 

saistorio wyaroebSi, gadmocemebsa da periodikaSi. es 

yvelaferi SeZlebisdagvarad gamoyenebulia Cvens wignSi _ 

„somxuri Tu qarTuli eklesiebi saqarTveloSi?!~. somxuri 

eklesiis istoriis specialistma batonma muradianma, albaT, 

unda icodes, uxeSi Secdoma ki ara, uvicobaa, somex monofizitebs 

„grigorianebs~ rom uwodebs. ar Svelis saqmes am sityvis 

brWyalebSi Casma. somex monofizitebs pirvelad „grigorianebi~ 

oficialurad uwodes da daukanones somxeTis megobarma 

ruseTis Cinovnikebma 1836 wlis 11 martis dadgenilebiT. es 

igivea, qarTvelebs _ ninoelebi, rusebs vladimirelebi uwodoT. 

am mcdari terminis winaaRmdeg jer kidev 1911 wels gailaSqra 

profesorma leon melqiseT-begma. 

b-ni muradiani mentoruli toniT, mamaSvilurad arigebs s. 

karapetians, romelic avtoria ruka-cnobarisa _ „somxuri 

eklesiebi saqarTveloSi~, (1995 w. somx. enaze). unda iTqvas, 

rom rig SemTxvevaSi marTebuladac aswavlis Wkuas: b-n 

muradiansac 650 somxuri eklesiis arseboba saqarTveloSi 

saeWvod miaCnia, arc qarTuli eklesiebis berZnulad moxseniebas 

uwonebs. magram b-n muradians „daaviwyda~ s. karapetianis mier 

erevanSi gamoqveynebuli cilismwamebluri krebuli 

(„Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïîëèòèêà Ãðóçèè è ïîìÿòíèêè àðìÿíñêîé 

êóëüòóðû - 1988-1998ãã.~, 1998). s. karapetiani krebulis 

somxur, rusul da inglisur enaze daweril SesavalSi brals 

sdebs qarTvel xalxs, saqarTvelos mTavrobas, sruliad 

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq ilia II–s, TiTqos berZnuli, 

rusuli, germanuli, gansakuTrebiT ki somxuri civilizaciis 

(misi terminia) Zeglebs anadgureben saqarTveloSi. 

bolomde ver gaviziareb erTi cnobili somexi moRvawis 

azrs b-ni muradianis fsiqiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb _ „iqac 

aris (igulisxmeba erevani) erTi-ori giJi. aris erTi paruir

44 45 

muradiani. is aris saeklesio arqiteqturis specialisti. 

igi ambobs, rom mcxeTis jvris eklesia somxuri eklesiaao. 

veubnebi, maCvene istoriuli wyaro, riTac daamtkiceb-meTqi, da 

iciT ras miCvenebs? istoriul wyaros, Tu rogor aSenebdnen 

somxebi. modiT da ekamaTeT. mSeneblobaze muSaoba rom ostatoba 

araa da ostatoba absoluturad sxva ramea, amas rom ver 

xvdeba, aba, raRazea laparaki?~ („marTali gazeTi~, 2000, #16, 

noemberi). 

b-n muradianis pirovnebis mecnieruli saxis srulad 

warmosaCenad movitanT kidev erT faqts. literaturuli 

gazeTis „grakan TeTr~ (1996 weli. #30, 3. XII) furclebze 

gamoqveynebulia interviu baton paruir muradianTan _ 

àrmenologia guSin da xval~. am gazeTis TanamSromlis raia 

xasapetianis daweril SesavalSi vkiTxulobT: „maStocis premiis 

laureati (muradiani) samarTlianad iTvleba somxeTSi 

kavkasiaTmcodneobis axali skolis fuZemdeblad~. 

cnobili kavkasiaTmcodneebis mari broses, niko maris, n. 

adoncis, leon melqiseT-begis _ somxeTis gareT, xolo 

somxeTSi _ suren eremianis, gurgen sevakis da sxvaTa Semdeg 

sainteresoa, ra axali kavkasiologiuri samecniero skola 

Seqmna batonma muradianma, da, Tu es marTla asea, maSin gasagebia, 

ratom gamoirCeva ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebi antiqarTuli 

gamocemebis siuxviT erevani» [25]. 

«batoni paruir muradiani uerTgules mowafed darCa 

iezov-patkanov-arwrunebisa, angariSmiucemlad drodadro 

gamoCxrikavs TviT somexi erisave Seuracxmyofel monaCmaxs, 

uxerxulobaSi ayenebs somxuri istoriis, somxuri onomastikis 

warmomadgenlebs, aRizianebs qarTvel sazogadoebriobas, imden 

siyalbeze awers xels. mivaqcioT mkiTxvelis yuradReba: 

«Àðìÿíå, - wers s. mamulovi, - íèêîãäà íå ñëèâàëèñü ñ 

íàðîäàìè, ñ êîòîðûìè èì ïðèõîäèëîñü æèòü (xazgasma 

Cvenia)» (gv. 17). riTaa mniSvnelovani moxmobili abzaciis 

Sinaarsi?! somxebi Cven mudmivad gvikiJineben, rom, TiTqos, Cven 

maT vaqarTvelebT, erT dros is qarTvelebi, romlebmac raRaca 

gangebiT miiRes grigorianuli sarwmunoeba, somxebi arian da 

a.S. swored am mosazrebis dasasabuTebladaa gamiznuli (albaT 

male wamogviyeneben alibad) qvemo qarTlis eklesiebidan 

eCmiaZinSi (1978 wels) gatanili saeklesio wignebi. imxanad 

respublikis saxelmwifo arqivis xelmZRvanelobam, ris fasad 

ver vityviT, magram faqtia, rom mxolod TeTri wyarodan 

waiRes (somxebs gaatanes) 71 wigni. somxur soflebad CaTvales 

da waiRes wignebi _ durnukidan (didi da patara), 1877-1885 

wlebi, sul 11 wigni; aRbulaRidan (igive TeTri wyaro, ufro 

adre gorisi), 1878-1886 wlebi _ 8 wigni, samSvildidan imave 

wlebSi 9 wigni, didi ToneTidan 1868-1885 wlebi (nu 

dagvaviwydeba, aq maswavleblobda didi vaJa-fSavela. aq daibada 

vaxuSti kotetiSvili) 17 wigni; patara ToneTidan, 1878-1885 

wlebi _ 9 wigni; sofel kodidan amave wlebSi 9 wigni (sul 

71)» [22]. 

«mivyveT interviu-pasuxs da bolomde CamovxadoT niRabi 

paruir muradians. igi cruobs, roca acxadebs _ javaxeTis 

somxuri rukis gamocemasTan araviTari kavSiri ar maqvso. 

ager Cems win devs ruka _ „javaxeTi da misi raionebi~, 

(gamomcemloba `zvarTnoci~, 1995 w.). misi gamocemis komisiis 

wevrebi arian: albert isoiani, aruSan hakobiani, pion hakobiani, 

gelas haruTiniani, aSot melqoiani, paruir muradiani, sargis 

vardesesiani, miqael gevorqiani. 

axlaxan beiruTSi somxur enaze gamovida samvel karapetianis 

avtorobiT ruka-cnobari `javaxeTis istoriuli Zeglebi~. 

saxelwodebis mixedviT, masSi warmodgenili unda yofiliyo 

javaxeTSi arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebis sruli 

CamonaTvali, rasakvirvelia somxurTan erTad. aRaras vambob 

bizantiurze, magram nuras ukacravad _ masze mxolod srulad 

aris aRniSnuli saeWvo istoriuli somxuri Zeglebi, xolo 

qarTuli _ ramdenime ZegliT aris warmodgenili» [25]. 

samwuxarod, istoriis gayalbebaSi Tavisi wvlili Seitana 

erevnis universitetmac, romelmac gamosacemad moamzada da 

gamosca „somxeTisa da misi mimdebare teritoriebis toponimTa 

leqsikonis” xuTtomeuli. „pirveli tomi gamovida 1986 w,

46 47 

meore _ 1988, mesame _ 1991 w, meoTxe 1998 w, mexuTe _ 2001 

w. masSi somxurTan erTad Setanilia arc Tu mcire raodenobiT 

asiriul_babilonuri, xeTur-hurituli, bizantiuri, arabuli, 

Turquli, qarTuli, albanuri, azerbaijanuli, rusuli, qurTuli 

warmomavlobis, sxvadasxva dros warmoqmnili saxelebi. 

leqsikonSi Sesuli toponomuri farTobi moicavs 400 aTas 

kv. km-s. 

mizani ki aris, yovelgvari etimologiuri mniSvnelobis 

ganmartebis gareSe, somxeTisa da misi mimdebare teritoriebis 

toponimTa aRnusxva. leqsikonis mizani da daniSnuleba, Cvenis 

azriT, tendenciuria, rac saxelwodebaSive Cans: „somxeTisa 

da misi mimdebare teritoriebis toponimTa leqsikoni~. misi 

pirveli nawilis azri naTelia, magram eWvisa da davis 

safuZvels iZleva misi meore nawili _ „misi mimdebare 

teritoriebi~. vfiqrob, am nawilSi garkveuli azria Cadebuli. 

leqsikonis avtorebma somxeTis toponimiis aRsanusxavad 

erTob farTod moxazes samuSao areali da amitom somxeTis 

mimdebare teritoriebis toponimebic Tavisken miiTvales. maT 

istoriuli somxeTi da misi yvelaze ayvavebuli xana _ didi 

somxeTis epoqa aiRes. marTlac: somexi xalxis istoriis am 

oqros xanaSi somxeTis samefo gaZlierda da mezobel xalxTa 

miwebi blomad igdo xelT. maT Soris qvemo qarTlis (gogarene, 

gugarqi) farTo moculobis teritoriis aneqsia moaxdina. 

VI s-is bolos „didi somxeTi~ daiSala, magram es faqti, 

qarTuli miwebis aneqsia, ar iZleva safuZvels, rom es ZirZveli 

qarTuli miwebi istoriul somxeTad gamovacxadoT, rogorc 

amas akeTeben leqsikonis avtorebi, da ara marto isini, 

samwuxarod. am rigis somex mecnierTa logikas Tu gavyvebiT, 

maSin sruli safuZveli gvaqvs, daviT aRmaSeneblis mier somxur 

qalaq anisis gaTavisufleba dampyrobTa uRlisagan (1124) da 

qarTuli garnizonis Cayeneba aRviqvaT ise, rom anisi da misi 

mimdebare teritoria, toponimia iyo qarTuli da qarTul 

topominTa leqsikonSi unda SevitanoT. anda, Tamar mefis 

epoqaSi TiTqmis mTeli aRmosavleT somxeTi saqarTvelos 

samefos emorCileboda, amis gamo SeiZleba aRmosavleT somxeTs 

vuwodoT istoriuli saqarTvelo da misi geografiuli 

nomenklatura qarTul toponimTa leqsikonSi movaTavsoT? 

Tumca ase Sors ratom mivdivarT, ager XVII s-Si mefe erekle 

II dros mTeli erevnis saxano (somxeTis samefo XI s-Si 

daiSala) qarTveli mefis vasali iyo. gana es iZleva safuZvels, 

erevnis saxano, araratis veli, ejmiawini, qanaqeri da misi 

Zveli somxuri Zeglebi, istoriuli saqarTvelos mimdebare 

somxuri teritoriebis toponimebi qarTul toponimTa 

leqsikonSi SevitanoT? 

ai, aseT absurdamde midis zogierTi somexi istorikosi, 

enaTmecnieri Tu leqsikografi TavianT naSromebSi, romelTac 

evropul enebze beWdavdnen da mTel msoflioSi avrcelebdnen 

bevr aseT siyalbes. gana amgvari Segnebulad „mcdari~ 

Sexedulebis Sedegi ar aris tao-klarjeTis qarTuli miwis 

da arqiteqturis araqarTulobis, ufro sworad „somxurobis~ 

mtkiceba? am sakiTxis istorias aRar gavyvebi da mokled 

movWri. 1946 wels somexi mecnierebis dakveTiT prof. n. 

tokarskim erevanSi gamosca _ „Zveli somxeTis arqiteqtura~. 

man, arc meti da arc naklebi _ tao-klarjeTis arqiteqtura 

somxurad gamoacxada. mas gamanadgurebeli pasuxi gasca da 

siyalbeSi amxila akad. s. janaSiam („istoriuli simarTlis 

damaxinjebis erTi magaliTis Sesaxeb~, 1947 w.), magram somex 

mecnierTa damokidebuleba tao-klarjeTis mimarT ar Secvlila. 

amas mowmobs axlaxan moskovSi gamocemuli „marTlmadidebluri 

enciklopediis~ mesame tomi, romelSic kvlav somxurad aris 

gatanili tao-klarjeTis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvreba. odnav 

vrclad gvinda SevCerdeT erT analogiur monografiaze. 

Cven aRvniSneT da kidev vimeorebT _ somxeTTan mimdebare 

qarTuli miwebi _ lore_taSiri, javaxeTi, samcxe, tao-klarjeTi, 

SavSeTi da a. S., garkveul periodebSi dapyrobili iyo somexTa 

mier, magram es aramc da aramc ar niSnavs am teritoriebis 

somexTa ZvelTaganve kuTvnilebas, radgan es iyo ZirZveli 

qarTuli miwa-wyali, Tavisi qarTuli mosaxleobiT. ver 

daveTanxmebiT bolnisis sionis da mis axlomaxlo arsebuli 

toponimebis leqsikonSi Setanil zogierT ganmartebas. mag.,

48 49 

bolnisis raionebis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: „bolnisebi _ sofeli 

didi somxeTis, gugarqis qveyanaSi, boRnaforis gavarSi, 

moxseniebulia Sua saukuneebis qarTul wyaroebSi. amJamad 

Sedis saq. ssr respublikis bolnisis raionSi~. aqve unda 

aRiniSnos, am vrceli teritoriis toponimTa umravlesoba 

qarTuli iyo da darCa qarTulad. 

wuRruRaSeni _ „taZari, didi somxeTis gugarqis qveyanaSi, 

boRnaforis gavarSi, amJamad Sedis saq. ssr respublikaSi, 

bolnisis raionSi..... 

leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli: „TreRq _ TrialeTi... walqar 

_ walka, gavari „erkir~, didi somxeTis gugarqis qveyanaSi~. 

„xuWap _ somxeTis gugarqis qveyanaSi, taSiris gavari, amave 

saxelis mqone soflis axlosaa. es taZari aSenebulia XII s- 

Si. mdebareobs somxeTis ssr-Si, kalininis raionis sofel 

privolnoSi. taZari aSenebulia berZnuli arqiteqturis 

stiliT~. somxuri enciklopediis me-5 tomSi (1979) xujabi 

Setanili ar aris. sxvaTa Soris, arc Zvel somxur wyaroebSia 

moxseniebuli. „somxeTisa da misi mimdebare teritoriis 

toponimTa leqsikonis~ avtorebma saswrafod Seitanes masSi 

cvlileba. somxuri arqiteqturis nimuSad ver Tqves, magram 

hujabis qarTveloba mainc ar aRiares da berZnulad 

gamoacxades. arada, hujabis taZari aris XII s-is qarTuli 

xuroTmoZRvrebis Zegli. kidev ufro samwuxaro is aris, rom 

hujabis dapatronebis mizniT, somxeTis sazRvari 400 metriT 

aris gadmoweuli, raTa hujabis samonastro kompleqsi somxeTis 

teritoriaze moxvedriliyo. rac Seexeba hujabis saaRmSeneblo 

qarTul warweras, igi gaunadgurebiaT jer kidev XIX s-Si. 

amis Sesaxeb aris cnoba 1896 w. Jurnal „mwyemsSi~. es 

informacia qarTul Jurnals „moskovskie vedomostidan~ 

gadmoubeWdia. 

hujabis samonastro kompleqsis am leqsikonSi Setana 

imaze miuTiTebs, rom somexma mecnierebma, TavianTi WkuiT, 

miisakuTres qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis es SesaniSnavi Zegli. 

am statiaSi laparakia, TiTqos qarTvelTa xelSi gadasvlis 

Semdeg javaxqi gaxda javaxeTi. moxda piriqiT, ZirZveli qarTuli 

miwa javaxeTi Zvelma somexma istorikosebma moixsenies 

javaxqad. ise rogorc Tbilisi _ TfRisad aqcies. javaxq, 

TfRis aris qarTuli toponimebis armenizebuli forma. es 

gana maT somxurobas niSnavs? rac Seexeba javaxeTs, 387 wels 

qarTlma ki ar SeierTa, rogorc statiis avtori wers, aramed 

am wels daibruna Tavisi ZirZveli kuTvnili qarTuli miwa. 

statiaSi javaxeTis eTnikuri monacemebi aRebulia 1879 da 

1903 wlis aRweris mixedviT. avtori amas specialurad 

akeTebs, radgan am wlebSi javaxeTSi ricxobrivad somxebi 

sWarboben qarTvelebs. magram es upiratesoba iyo xelovnurad 

Seqmnili. saqme imaSia, rom 1830 wlamde qarTveloba javaxeTSi 

90 procentamde aRwevda. danarCenebi iyvnen somxebi, ebraelebi 

da sxv. 1830 wels, roca paskeviCma erzrumis somxebis 40000 

ojaxi daasaxla javaxeTSi qarTvelebis adgilze, qarTvelebs 

neba ar misces javaxeTSi cxovrebis. maSin demografiuli 

upiratesoba moi poves somxebma. amitom aiRo statiis avtorma 

1879, 1903 wlebis javaxeTis aRwerebis monacemebi da amiT, 

Tavis WkuiT, Tanamedrove javaxeTi somxur mxared warmoadgina. 

ise, am leqsikonis mixedviT gamodis, mTeli qvemo qarTli, 

tao-klarjeTi, samcxe-javaxeTi istoriuli somxeTi yofila... 

ai, aseTi gamocemebis wyalobiTaa, javaxel somxebs ver daajereb, 

rom isini qarTul miwaze cxovroben. maT javaxeTi somxur 

miwad miaCniaT. amgvari mcdari azris ganmtkicebas javaxel 

somxebs Soris xels uwyobs zogierTi somexi mkvlevari 

Tavis tendenciuri naSromebiT Tu sajaro leqciebiT. 

isini am leqsikons gamoiyeneben dokumentad, roca 

saqarTvelos morig teritoriul pretenziebs wamouyeneben. 

Tumca arc axla pasiuroben da javaxeTs, qvemo qarTls, taoklarjeTs 

istoriul somxeTad acxadeben, xolo iq arsebul 

qarTul Zeglebs iCemeben... 

erevanSi rusul enazea gamocemuli saskolo saxelmZRvanelo 

_ „somexi xalxis istoria~ (1985). masSi SaviT TeTrze 

weria: „somxeTis mTianeTi, anu somxeTi~. karlo Tofuria 

marTebulad svams kiTxvas: „ra aris es? Tu sagnis maswavlebeli, 

misi moswavle da sazogado mkiTxveli daujerebs aseT

50 51 

urapatriotul gancxadebas, maSin isini yovelgvari yoymanis 

gareSe gamoacxadeben: 

rom axalqalaqi, bolnisi, marneuli, vidre algeTis auzamde, 

ZvelTaganve somxeTis teritoria iyo da aris; 

rom Woroxi da misi Senakadis 80-90% somxeTis mTianeTze, 

anu somxeTis teritoriaze modis; 

rom ZvelTaZveli qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi, romelTa 

didi nawili samxreT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs, somxeTis 

mTianeTze an somxeTis teritoriaze yofila ganlagebuli~ 

(Jurnali „skola da cxovreba~ 1989w. #5). 

kidev erTic - aseTi paranoikuli axirebis nimuSia maRal 

poligrafiul doneze gamocemuli, msoflioSi cnobili, 

moskovis liTonmcodneobis institutis wamyvani mecnier- 

TanamSromlis, teqnikur mecnierebaTa kandidatis, vinme artaSes 

arwrunis wigni _ „Àðìÿíñêîå íàãîðûå è öèâèëèçàöèÿ~ 

(1999 w., moskovi, rus. enaze). am vrcel „naSromSi~, arc meti 

da arc naklebi, msoflio civilizaciis Semqmnelad 

gamocxadebulia somxeTis mTianeTi, somexi xalxi, somxeTi, 

somxuri ena da a. S. vfiqrob, zedmetia komentari... 

1987 wels Jurnal „garunSi~ (gazafxuli, #3) daibeWda 

xosro Torosianis statia `SuSanikis wameba~, romelSic somexi 

avtori kategoriulad acxadebs am Txzulebis araqarTuli 

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. igi am mxatvruli qmnilebis 

aramecnieruli SefasebiT cdilobs mis somxur originalur 

Txzulebad warmoCenas. 

amgvari naSromis gamoqveyneba solidur JurnalSi arafriT 

aris gamarTlebuli, arc mecnierulad da arc eTikurad. ase 

wera mezobeli eris Sesaxeb Cvens epoqaSi miuRebelia, miTumetes, 

SuSanikis saxelTan dakavSirebulia qarTvel-somexTa megobroba 

da urTierTpativiscema. masze dawerili Sromebi amasve unda 

emsaxurebodes. 

qarTvelologma p. muradianma, cru sabuTebiT 

„xeldamSvenebulma~, qveyana SeZra da mcxeTis jvari somxuri 

warmomavlobis Zeglad aqcia. amasac ar dasjerda da qarTul 

–is-ze daboloebuli toponimebi somxurad gamoacxada. vinc 

daukvirdeba p. muradianis am „Ziebis~ Sors mimaval azrs, is 

iolad mixvdeba, Tu ra „keTili~ zraxvebi amoZravebs mis 

avtors saqarTvelosadmi. p. muradianis es „Ziebani~ aris 

„erTgvari aRorZineba~ da „mecnieruli mtkiceba~ daSnaki 

„moRvaweebis~ mier gamoSvebuli egreTwodebuli didi somxeTis 

istoriuli rukisa, romelsac akad. iv. javaxiSvilma 

samarTlianad uwoda „fantastiuri~. am rukaze, sxva 

„sikeTeebTan~ erTad, qarTlis naxevari da, TavisTavad, Tbilisi, 

somxeTis sazRvrebSi iyo moqceuli. aseTi zRapruli rukis 

istoriuli da mecnieruli usafuZvlobis damtkiceba Tavis 

droze aravis gasWirvebia da sapnis buStiviT gaqra. yovel 

SemTxvevaSi ase gvegona, magram mwared SevcdiT, radgan am e. w. 

rukis utopiuri Sinaarsi dRes xelaxla aRorZinebula. 

erevanSi somxur enaze 1967 welsaa gamocemuli filologiis 

mecnierebaTa doqtoris p. hakobianis vrceli monografia 

„xaCatur aboviani~ (somxur enaze). masSi xaCatur abovianis 

TbilisSi cxovreba da moRvaweoba isea warmodgenili, TiTqos 

am periodSi, mecxramete saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, saqarTvelos 

dedaqalaqSi mxolod somxebi cxovrobdnen da martoden 

somxuri kultura dominirebda. avtori gakvriTac ki arafers 

ambobs TbilisSi qarTuli erovnuli mwerlobisa da 

inteleqtualuri azrovnebis Sesaxeb. 

p. hakobianma Tbilisis somxuri sazogadoebrivi cxovreba 

qarTulisagan izolirebulad warmoadgina, rom mkiTxvelis 

TvalSi ufro damajerebeli gaexada Tbilisis daarsebis 

somxuri warmoSoba: „ras „ras warmoadgenda warmoadgenda warsulSi 

warsulSi 

Tbilisi? Tbilisi? Tbilisi? _ _ kiTxulobs kiTxulobs p. p. hakobiani hakobiani da da TviTonve TviTonve 

TviTonve 

pasuxobs: pasuxobs: „Zvel „Zvel droSi droSi Tbilisi Tbilisi iyo iyo gugarqis gugarqis sabdeSxos 

sabdeSxos 

erT-erTi erT-erTi erT-erTi sanapiro sanapiro cixe-simagre, cixe-simagre, romelic romelic Semdeg 

Semdeg 

qarTvelTa qarTvelTa qveynis qveynis dedaqalaqad dedaqalaqad gadaiqca gadaiqca~. gadaiqca 

jer gugarqis Sesaxeb: 

gugarqi aris qarTuli gogarenis somxuri saxelwodeba. 

gogarene qvemo qarTlis nawils moicavda da mkvidr 

mosaxleobas gogarebi warmoadgendnen, romlebic erT-erT 

qarTul toms ganekuTvnebodnen.

52 53 

n. mars gogarene (aq mcxovrebi gogarebi) qarTvelTa 

warmomavlobis tomobriv miwad miaCnda. aseve uZveles qarTul 

mxared Tvlidnen gogarens sen-marteni, mari brose, d. 

berZeniSvili da sxvani, Tumca, raRa Sors mivdivarT, TviT V 

saukunis somexi istorikosi, mose xorenaci wers: _ gugarqis 

mosaxleobas ZvelTaganve iberTa tomi Seadgendao. 

am ZirZveli qarTuli miwis bedi istoriis ukuRmarTobam 

ise moaqcia, rom dResac ki saqarTvelos respublikis 

farglebs gareTaa darCenili. am faqtiT waxalisebuli somexi 

mkvlevarebi TavgamodebiT cdiloben, daamtkicon am kuTxis 

„somxuroba~, magram SeuZlebelia istoriuli WeSmaritebis 

miCqmalva, radgan faqtebi mainc Tavisas RaRadeben. 

qarTlma gogarene samudamod daibruna ara 387 wels, rogorc 

es iyo miRebuli dRemde, aramed „jer kidev III saukunis 

bolos _ iran_romis omis dros, nizibinis (298) zavis 

axlo xanebSi, romelTa SuamdgomlobiT gogarene qarTlma 

sabolood Semoimtkica~ (an. bogveraZe, qarTlis (iberiis) 

samefos 350 wlis gayofis sakiTxisaTvis, ix. krebuli „Ziebani 

saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriidan~, Tbilisi, 1976). 

sxvaTa Soris, nizibinis zaviT (298) qarTlsa da somxeTs 

Soris axali sazRvris dadebas am ori qveynis samefo ojaxebis 

daaxloebac mohyva _ mirianis Zem, revim, colad SeirTo Trdat 

III-is axlo naTesavi. 

axla ukve gasagebia, rom p. hakobiani „Zvel droSi~ gulisxmobs 

im periods, roca gogarene somexTa mier mitacebul „gugarqad~ 

iqca. 

beiruTSi somxur enaze gamocemul krebulSi _ „mSobliuri 

javaxeTi~ (haireni javaxq, 2000w.) moTavsebulia somxeTis 

erovnul mecnierebaTa akademiis mecnier TanamSromlis, samvel 

evoianis naSromi „aWaris kvanZi~. 

aWaris Zveli da axali periodis istoriaze ise laparakobs 

avtori, rom arsad krints ar Zravs am mxaris ZirZvel 

qarTvelobaze. amis gamo somex mkiTxvels iseTi STabeWdileba 

eqmneba, TiTqos aWara saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxe ki ar 

aris, aramed TurqeTis romelime vilaieTia. 

Zvels rom Tavi davaneboT, aWaris istoriis uaxles 

movlenebsac ki arasworad gadmogvcems igi. magaliTad, man 

afxazeTis da e. w. samxreT oseTis TviTmarqvia republikebis 

rigSi Caayena aWara: „aWara, rogorc afxazeTi da samxreT 

oseTi, defaqto damoukidebeli mxarea, sadac Tbilisis 

kontroli ar vrceldeba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobazeo~. 

rac Seexeba aWaraSi mosaxleobis Semadgenlobas, igi asea 

warmodgenili: 180 aTasze meti _ aWareli, 40 aTasi _ rusi, 

25 aTasi _ somexi da a. S. gamodis, aWarlebi qarTvelebi ar 

arian(!) _ ase gaigebs somexi mkiTxveli am CamonaTvals. 

Semdeg evoians moaqvs amonaridi cnobili daSnakis, rubenis, 

wignidan _ „somexi revolucionerebis mogonebebi~ (1988, somx. 

enaze). 

„somxebi baTumSi misi daarsebis dRidan cxovrobeno~ (gv. 

336). gamodis, baTumi somxebis daarsebuli Tu ar aris, mis 

daarsebaSi monawileoba mainc aqvT miRebuli. es ase rom 

iyos, vin ras ityoda, magram araviTari istoriuli cnoba amis 

Sesaxeb ar arsebobs, garda samvelis survilisa! survili ki, 

mogexsenebaT istoriis sabuTad ar gamoadgeba. 

2002 wels beiruTSi gamoqveynda mecnierul naSromebisa 

da statiaTa mozrdili krebuli _ „mSobliuri javaxeTi~ 

(haiereni javaxq), somxur enaze. krebulis naSromTa umetesi 

nawili tendenciuria, zog SemTxvevaSi antiqarTuli. SevCerdebi 

samze, romelTa avtori s. karapetiania. niSandoblivia da 

aSkarad Cans, rom s. karapetianis, ise, rogorc danarCeni 

avtorebis, erTaderTi sanukvari mizania, nebismieri saSualebiT 

somexi mkiTxveli daarwmunos, rom javaxeTi iyo da aris 

somxeTis ganuyofeli nawili da amitom miaCniaT _ „mSobliur 

javaxeTad~. 

sakmaod naTlad gamoCnda s. karapetianis mier qarTuli 

istoriuli Zeglebis ugulvelyofa. gana SeiZleba daimalos 

is faqti, rom, sul cota, 700-mde qarTuli epigrafikaa 

ganadgurebuli, eklesiebs rom Tavi davaneboT. aqve vityvi 

imasac, rom s. karapetianisnairi mecnierebis „damsaxurebaa~, 

ruseTis spatriarqos mier gamocemuli `marTlmadidebluri

54 55 

enciklopediis~ mesame tomSi tao-klarjeTis unikaluri 

qarTuli Zeglebi somxurad rom aris gamocxadebuli. 

somxuri arqiteqturis Semswavlelma organizaciam (RAA) 

beiruTSi somxur enaze gamosca ruka-cnobari, „javaxeTis 

istoriuli Zeglebi~. axla ki s. karapetianma morigi 

antiqarTuli „saCuqriT~ _ „javaxeTis istoriuli Zeglebi~ 

_ gagvaxara. e. w. ruka_cnobaris Sinaarsidan gamodis erTaderTi 

daskvna _ javaxeTSi qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebi TiTqmis 

ar aris da mxolod somxuriT aris mofenili es ZirZveli 

qarTuli miwa. qarTuli Zeglebi ramdenime aris warmodgenili. 

axla ver SeudgebiT javaxeTis qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebis 

CamoTvlas, magram imas ki vityvi, maTi ricxvi ramdenime aseuls 

aRemateba. Tumca, ar SeiZleba erTi mainc ar vTqva _ marTla 

karapetianiviT saqarTvelos siZulviliT unda iyo 

dabrmavebuli adamiani, rom ar aRniSno da ugulvebelyo 

javaxeTis qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebi. 

kidev kargi, ruka_cnobarSi Caxazul mcire rukaze javaxeTi 

jerjerobiT, wiTeli isriT saqarTvelos farglebSia 

aRniSnuli. amis madlobeli unda viyoT, radgan gamodioda da 

gamodis e. w. istoriuli da saxelmwifoebrivi rukebi, 

romlebzec javaxeTi da qvemo qarTli somxeTis sazRvrebSia 

moqceuli. aRaras vambob qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebis: 

oSki, xaxuli, bana, mcxeTis jvari da sxvaTa somxurad 

gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. kiTxvaze: mainc ra mizans emsaxureba 

aseTi falsificirebuli, yalbi ruka_cnobaris gamocema _ 

pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania: daSnakebs, romelTa SekveTas asrulebs 

s. karapetiani, surT somexi xalxis SegnebaSi kidev ufro 

mtkiced damkvidrdes javaxeTis miwis „somxuroba~. es gaxlavT 

javaxeTis avtonomiis moTxovnis daSnakuri fandi, raTa moxdes 

mere misi mierTeba somxeTTan. amitom isini iq arsebul qarTul 

uamrav istoriul Zegls gverds uvlian da mkiTxvels marto 

somxuri Zeglebis Sesaxeb awvdian cnobebs. darwmunebuli 

var, s. karapetianis es ukanaskneli „naSromi~ _ „javaxeTis 

istoriuli Zeglebi~ _ gamova (Tu ukve gamocemuli ar aris) 

evropul enebze, qveynierebas mosdeben „ZirZvel~ somxur miwaze 

javaxeTSi mxolod somxuri istoriuli Zeglebia da 

qarTvelebs kidev netav ra pretenziebi aqvTo» [25]. 

rogorc vxedavT, Cveni drois somexi „moRvaweni“ TavianT 

winamorbedTa gzas misdeven, da arc Tu „warumateblad”. 

«miuxedavad qarTveli xalxis mezobeli somxebisadmi 

sulgrZeli damokidebulebisa, somexi mecnierebi saukuneebis 

manZilze (warmoidgineT dRemde) yovelnairad cdilobdnen, 

cudad moexseniebinaT qarTveli xalxi. ase moiqca g. ezovi 

Tavis TxzulebaSi „petre didis urTierToba somex xalxTan“. 

am cnobili somexis mier qarTvelTa mimarT gamomJRavnebuli 

RvarZli da siZulvili imdenad usazRvroa, rom zogierTi 

miukerZoebeli somexi inteligenti am wignis wakiTxvis Semdeg 

acxadebda: „Cven zizRiT vkiTxulobdiT im furclebs, sadac 

ezovi talaxSi svris qarTvelebs“. 

somex mecnierTa igive miswrafeba somexTa metismeti 

amaRlebisa da qarTvelTa damcirebisadmi metad mkafiod 

mJRavndeba iseTi niWieri da ganaTlebuli somexis SromebSic 

ki, rogoric gansvenebuli grigol janSievi iyo. misi ukanaskneli 

Sromebi _ „Zmuri daxmareba somxebs“ da „kavkasiis Tvalmargaliti 

borjomi“ savsea somexTa usazRvro qebiTa da 

qarTvelTa gaavebuli ginebiT. man gabeda damcireba iseTi 

ubrwyinvalesi pirovnebisac ki, rogoric iyo sasiqadulo 

qarTveli mefe, wminda Tamari, ar moerida, rom Cirqi moecxo 

am idealurad umwikvlo pirovnebisaTvis: „magram iciT Tu 

ara Tqven“, _ wers igi, _ „vin aris Tamar mefe? igi aris 

qalur sibilweTa (?) da saTnoebaTa damaTrobeli surnelovani 

Taiguli, masSi ucnauradaa Serwymuli daucxromeli mCqefare 

energia da dauokebeli vnebani“. 

saerTod, borjomis mamulSi somxuri elementi wina 

saukuneebSi arc moipoveboda. amJamadac igi aq zRvaSi wveTs 

Seadgens. amas unda daematos isic, rom mTel borjomis mamulSi 

arsebuli yvela soflis, yvela mdinaris, yvela mTis, yvela 

nagebobis, xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebisa da sxva saxelwodebani 

wminda qarTulia. 

janSievis wignidan ki mkiTxvels iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, 

TiTqos borjomi winaTac didi somxeTis nawils Seadgenda,

56 57 

xolo amJamadac somxebi arian aq mTavari mkvidrni, qarTvelebi 

ki ise, viRac daupatiJebeli stumrebi arian. 

janSievis wignidan aseTi yalbi daskvnis gacnobiereba 

mkiTxvelisaTvis aucilebelia, jer erTi, imis gamo, rom 

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Semadgenlobidan igi pirvelad 

asaxelebs somxebs, Semdeg ki qarTvelebs; meore, igi ramdenjerme 

axsenebs borjomis mamulis SesaniSnavi somxur-qarTuli 

xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis naSTebs, maSin rodesac somxuri 

stilis nawilakis Semcveli arcerTi naSTi aq arasodes 

arsebula da arc arsebobs, piriqiT, yvela Zegli an qarTulbizantiuri, 

an wminda qarTuli stiliTaa aRbeWdili; mesame, 

igi arafers ambobs borjomis mamulSi mcxovreb tomTa 

raodenobaze, Tumca amisaTvis saWiro cnobebis miReba mas 

advilad SeeZlo borjomis sasoflo mmarTvelobisagan; meoTxec, 

ramdenimejer igi adasturebs adgilobriv saxelwodebaTa 

qarTul xasiaTs, xolo yvela danarCeni saxelwodebis aSkarad 

qarTul xasiaTze sdums da amiT surs mkiTxvels afiqrebinos, 

rom TiTqos aq somxuri mniSvneloba igulisxmebodes, maSin 

rodesac somxuri xasiaTis arc erTi adgilobrivi saxelwodeba 

aq ar aris da arc yofila odesme. 

ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT kidev Semdegi damaxasiaTebeli 

movlena. somexi mecnierni im azrs aviTarebdnen, rom, TiTqos 

qarTulma enam somxuri enis Zlieri gavlena ganicada da 

misgan mravali kulturuli termini SeiTvisao. da am zRapars 

isini iseTi daJinebiT qadagebdnen, rom mis sinamdvileSi 

zogierTi gulubryvilo qarTvelic daarwmunes. es 

grZeldeboda manam, vidre SesaniSnavma frangma mecnierma 

gateriasma, romelmac qarTuli ena somxuris Semdeg Seiswavla, 

ar daamtkica, rom haiastanis SvilTa ena jer kidev vanis 

warweraTa periodSi iyo gamoyvanili Tavisi orbitidan 

qarTuli enis Zlieri gavleniT, im qarTulisa, romlisganac 

mas nasesxebi aqvs maTi ara mxolod mravali kulturuli, 

ganyenebuli sityvebi, aramed Tavisi gramatikuli formebic 

ki Secvlili aqvs qarTuli enis mixedviT» [22]. 

somex moRvaweTa erTi jgufis gandidebis mania usazRvro 

da avadmyofuria. «zogierTi somexi mecnieri somxur 

xuroTmoZRvrebas miiCnevs gansakuTrebulad, romelmac didi 

da gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa romauli religiuri xelovnebis 

CasaxvaSi, goTikis warmoSobaSi. maTi azriT, italiis, 

safrangeTis, germaniisa da evropis sxva qveynebis qalaqebs 

aSkarad etyobaT somxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis gavlena. metad 

aradamajereblad JRers imis mtkiceba somxebis mxridan, TiTqos 

leonardo da vinCis mogzaurobas somxeTSi dasavleTisa da, 

gansakuTrebiT, italieli istorikosebi mxolod imis gamo 

uaryofen, rom maT ar surT aRiaron somxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis 

gavlena leonardo da vinCze 1 » [23]. 

3. 3. qarTul qarTul taZarTa taZarTa dataceba dataceba somxurad somxurad 

somxurad 

b-ni s. karapetianis ruka-cnobarSi Setanili da somxurad 

miCneuli Tbilisis eklesiebi – wm. jvari (surb-nSani), beTlemi, 

krwanisis RvTismSoblis, ormeoc mowameTa saxelobis (cixis 

eklesia, somexTa mier wm. mTavarangelozis eklesiad 

saxelgadarqmeuli), surb-gevorgis, noraSenis RvTismSoblis 

da sxva eklesiebi, rogorc es istoriulad da mecnierulad 

dgindeba, marTlmadideblur eklesiebs warmoadgendnen, romlebic 

mogvianebiT somxebma daisakuTres. 

«ganixilavda ra aleqsandre mefis drois qarTuli eklesiamonastrebis 

qtitorul warwerebs iv. javaxiSvili 

gulistkiviliT SeniSnavda: „saqarTveloSi rom istoriuli 

naSTebi kargad yofiliyo Senaxuli da gadarCenili, ueWvelia, 

bevri cixis da eklesiis an monastris kedlebze iqneboda 

zemoTmoyvanili (qarTuli – a.u.) msgavsi warwerebi“... beTlemis 

qarTuli qtitoruli warwerebi lang-Temuris urdoebis 

barbarosobas Seewira da samudamod daikarga. moxda is 

tipiuri movlena, rac aseTi ubedurebis Semdeg xdeboda. 

Seupovari qarTveloba sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde icavda 

1 Ê. Çàðüÿí, Ëåîíàðäî äà Âèí÷è è Àðìåíèÿ, Æóðí. «Ëèòåðàòóðíàÿ 

Àðìåíèÿ», 1971, ¹6, ñ. 60.

58 59 

samSoblos da mters Seawyda... qarTuli beTlemi ki, Tu aRniSnul 

hiSatakarans (anderZ-minaweri, p. muradianis mier moxmobili 

– a.u) davujerebT, somxebis xelSi aRmoCnda» [2]. 

magram, rac JamTa siaves gadaurCa, mitacebis JiniT 

Sepyrobilma somexTa xelma moaSTo. erT-erTi sabuTidan – 

nazarali xanis (mefe erekle I-is) 1692 w. 7 ianvris brZanebidan 

Cans: «qarTveli mefe iZulebulia, Tbilisis jvris mamis 

qarTuli eklesiis irgvliv dasaxlebuli somxebi ayaros da 

sxva adgilas gadaasaxlos. Tu ra mizniT saxldebodnen somxebi 

maincadamainc qarTuli eklesiis garSemo, amis mixvedra Zneli 

ar aris. es procesi eCmiaZinidan imarTeboda. isini jer fexs 

moikidebdnen vaWrobiT, aReb-micemobiT, xelosnobiT, ekonomiurad 

moRonierdebodnen da maT sacxovrebel orbitaSi moqceul 

qarTul eklesias, gadabirebis gziT, nel-nela CamoaSorebdnen 

qarTul mrevls da xels mihyofdnen eklesiis gasomxurebas. 

es xdeboda praqtikulad nebismieri xerxiT: motyuebiT, 

ZaladobiT, mosyidviT da sxv. am movlenas adgili hqonda 

TbilisSi da ara marto aq. swored amgvari saSiSroeba rom 

igrZno, albaT, nazaralixanma, amitom erTbaSad ayara da moaSora 

qarTuli jvris mamis eklesias mis irgvliv dasaxlebuli 

somxebi. am sabuTidan mkafiod Cans, qarTuli eklesiebis 

misakuTrebis safrTxe imdenad didi yofila, rom mefeebs 

brZanebebi da fizikuri Zalis gamoyeneba sWirdebodaT somexTa 

asalagmavad. samwuxarod, subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebis 

gamo, amgvari misakuTrebis seni qarTvel xelisufalT ver 

mouspiaT, ris mware Sedegsac dRes vimkiT. amis sabuTia, Tundac, 

ruka-cnobari, romelSic mravali qarTuli eklesia somxurad 

aris datanili. am eklesiebis qarTulobis damadasturebeli 

niSnebi iseTi energiulobiT aris waSlili, rom rig SemTxvevaSi 

Wirs simarTlis dadgena» [2]. 

«Tbilisis cnobili gumbaTiani qarTuli eklesia, misi 

mrevlis gagrigorianebis gamo, moxvda somxebis xelSi. aseTive 

bedisa aRmoCnda amave qalaqis kidev sami gumbaTiani qarTuli 

eklesia. SemdgomSi, agreTve somxebis xelSi gadasula Tbilisis 

oTxi ugumbaTo eklesia; „ugumbaTo oTxi aw upyravT somexTa... 

isanSi, aRniSnulTa garda, somxebis xelSi gadasula erTi 

qarTuli ugumbaTo eklesia“ (vaxuSti bagrationi, q.c. IV, 

1973 w., gv 226, 337). vaxuStis azriT, Tavdapirvelad qarTvelTa 

xelSi yofila qvemo qarTlSi „axpati da sanaini mefeTa 

qarTvelTa aRSenebuli eklesiani gumbaTiani... garna aw sxedan 

somexni“ (q.c., IV, gv. 308). „amaT garda iqve, qoberis da Zeli 

WeSmaritis cnobili saepiskoposo eklesia, romelsac, agreTve, 

„agaraki“ erqva, vaxuStis dros jer kidev qarTvelTa xelSi 

iyo. „agarakis“ gamo ewoda erT-erT eparqias „agarak-wilknis 

eparqia“» [6]. 

«1978 wels javaxeTSi muSaobda samecniero eqspedicia, 

romelmac Seiswavla javaxeTis ZeglTa mdgomareoba. aRmoCnda, 

rom rac arabobas, monRolobas, sparsobas, osmalobas gadaurCa, 

axla, Cven Tvalwin ingreoda, nadgurdeboda da iryvneboda. 

samwuxarod, bevr Zeglze adgilobrivi somexi mosaxleobis 

mier qarTuli warwerebi gangeb da mTlianad waSlil iqna. 

kerZod, sofel alastanis qarTul eklesiaze „warweris waSla 

ucdiaT saguldagulod, saRebavic gadausvamT“; sofel ganZis 

eklesiis warweraSi „viRacas specialurad basri iaraRiT 

aso-aso amouSlia ramdenime sityva“; nasoflar digaSenis 

eklesiis „perangisa da duRabis qvebi maxlobelma soflis 

mosaxleobam gazida da gamoiyena“; sofel didi xorenias 

„erTnaviani Zveli qarTuli eklesia... somxurad gadaukeTebiaT“, 

adre arsebuli qarTuli warweris kvalic aRar Cans; sofel 

Tavfaravanis darbazuli tipis eklesiis brwyinvale 

„ornamentebis „damuSaveba“ ukve dawyebulia da sakmaod 

saguldagulodac, maxvil iaraRs axali kvali daumCnevia masze“; 

nasoflar „karneTis warwerebs etyoba „etapebi Seryvnisa“... 

amoemtvriaT rkinis iaraRiT minaSenis Sesasvlelis warwera, 

is, rac basr iaraRs gadaurCa, saRebavma mouRo bolo“; javaxeTis 

SesaniSnavi Zeglis _ sofel fokas XI saukunis didi 

darbazuli eklesiis erT-erTi warwera (qarTveli mSeneblis 

Sesaxeb) „specialuri rkinis iaraRiT dauzianebiaT“. 2 am siis 

gagrZeleba, ase vTqvaT, usasrulod SeiZleba. aseTi ram 

tipiuria mTeli javaxeTis ZeglebisaTvis» [23]. 

2 m. beriZe, javaxeTis ZeglTa mdgomareoba. t. I, axalcixe, 2002, gv. 335-402.

60 61 

4. 4. somexTa somexTa mamxilebeli mamxilebeli mamxilebeli publikaciebi 

publikaciebi 

somxebis mier qarTul taZarTa dasakuTreba mraval gamocemaSia 

aRwerili da dadasturebuli. aseTia, magaliTad, vaxuSti 

batoniSvilis „ReoRrafiuli aRwera saqarTvelo sa“. somex- 

Ta mier qarTul taZarTa dataceba-dasakuTrebis uamravi faqtia, 

aseve, gadmocemuli XIX s. bolosa da XX s. dasawyisis 

Jurnal-gazeTebSi: „droebaSi“, „iveriaSi“, „mogzaurSi“, „mwyems- 

Si“, „cnobis furcelSi“. nebismier msurvels SeuZlia gaecnos 

maT Cvens wignTsacavebSi. nawili am wyaroebisa miTiTebulia 

[2], [4] da sxva gamocemebSi 3 . am qveTavSi gTavazobT amonaridebs 

publikaciebidan, rac am movlenas exeba. 

somexTa mier qarTuli eklesiebisa da mosaxleobis dapatronebis 

erT-erTi gza iyo mdidar somexTa mier qarTvel 

Tavad-aznaurTa mamulebis Sesyidva. mamulTan erTad taZrebis 

sakuTrebaSi gadacema kanoniT akrZaluli iyo, magram kanonebis 

dacvas somxoba aras dagidevdaT, radgan saqarTvelos 

gasomxebis politika ruseTis xelisuflebis mier, xSir SemTxvevaSi, 

Sewynarebuli iyo. am gziT xdeboda mitacebuli taZrebis 

gasomxureba da mamulebTan erTad nayidi yma-glexebis 

gasomxeba. winamdebare qveTavSi aseve mogvyavs ramodenime saxasiaTo 

istoria, romelic am movlenas exeba. 

gazeTi gazeTi „mwyemsi „mwyemsi“, „mwyemsi , 1896 1896 w. w. w. 29 29 Tebervali 

Tebervali 

RmerTo, RmerTo, ra ra ambebi ambebi xdeba! 

xdeba! 

«erT rusul gazeTSi („mosk. ved.~) eqvs ianvars am wlisa, 

dabeWdilia erTi werili, romelic Seexeba somxebs da mar- 

Tlmadidebel ekklesiis saqmes Cveni mxrisas. Cven imdenad 

sayuradRebod migvaCnia es sagani, rom mogvyavs pirda-piri 

Targmani im werilisa TaviT bolomde. 

3 [2]-Si miTiTebulia Jurnal „mogzauris” (gv. 50, 55, 58, 59, 61, 65, 71, 72), 

gazeT „iveriis” (gv.12, 34, 62, 100, 105), „cnobis furclis” (gv. 104) 

„mwyemsis”, (gv. 69) nomrebi. [4]-Si miTiTebulia „iveriis”, „mogzauris” 

(gv.151, sqolio) da „cnobis furclis” (gv.152, sqolio) nomrebi. [2]-Si 

aseve moyvanilia vrceli amonaridebi publikaciebidan. 

„Tqven Tbilisel korespondents, rogorc maxsovs, araerTxel 

daumtkicebia Tqveni gazeTis saSualebiT, rom TbilisSi rusis 

yofa Znelia, Tu igi qeba-didebis sagalobels ar umRers 

somxis „bazaris~ vaWrobas, Tu igi xels ar uwyobs maT 

sixarbis ganzraxvebs, anda sul ganSorebiT ar dgas gamdgari 

yoveli saqmisgan. Tuki rusis mdgomareoba amgvaria, maS ,Sei- 

Zleba warmovidginoT qarTvelebi da TaTrebi rogorRa yofaSi 

unda iyvnen. sazogadod, rogor yofaSi unda iyos yoveli 

adamiani, visac ar SeuZlia pirferoba da, amave dros, visac 

araviTari ufleba ara aqvs zurgis mosamagreblad. am vaWrebma 

aramcTu daipyres mTeli qonebrivi Zala, aramed lamis 

Ziri gauTxaron mTavar safuZvels marTl-madideblobisas 

uuZveles marTl-madidebel mxareSi. 

am ukanasknel dros qarTul gazeT „iveriaSi~ ibeWdeboda 

„vinme mRvdlis~ werilebi, romelTac miiqcies yvelas yuradReba. 

TviT kilo werilebis nametani gul-wrfelia. werilebi 

ki ara, ufro godebaa igi didad-morwmune sulis, romelic 

gaubrazebia momxdar ukuRmarToba-veragobas, veragobas 

gansacvifrebels, romlis msgavsi arsad ara Tqmula, arsad 

araferi gagonila. yvelaferia iq: siwmindis SebRalvac, xalxisa 

da misi rwmunebis qirdvac, RvTis gmobac da TaRliTobac, 

_ erTis sityviT, yovelgvari borot-moqmedeba, usazizRres 

sarCulze damyarebuli. mokled roma vsTqvaT, saqme Seexeba 

axalgvar TaRliTobas – ZvelisZvel saistorio naSTebze 

warwerebis gamocvlas, warwerebis mospobas iq, 

sadac es gamocvla saWiro ar aris, yovelgvar 

borot-moqmedebas, marTl-madidebel eklesia-monastrebis 

wasarTmevad Cadenils... vinme mRvdeli gulisxmobs 

marto axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazras, magram mas 

imnairisave safuZvliT SeeZlo mTel marTl-madidebel 

saqarTvelozedac eTqva igive. 

_ magram tyuilad SeWmaxnili ambebi xom ar aris es? „vinme 

mRvdeli~ gamogonili adamiani xom ar aris? zRapari xom ar 

aris mis mier moTxrobili ambebio? _ gaiocebs mkiTxveli. 

_ ara, srulebiTac gamogonili rame ar aris, arc zRaparia,

62 63 

odnavadac gadametebuli ambavic ki ar aris. ara, aq arc 

TiToeuli kerZo SemTxvevis ganzogadebaa. mis mier moTxrobili 

yvelaferi namdvili WeSmaritebaa, romlis ueWveloba 

gasWvirs missave nawer TviTeul sityvaSi; gamogonili piri 

rodi aris es sawyali soflis mRvdeli, Zvel ieremiasaviT 

ierusalimis nangrevebze Tavis winaparTa sidiadis mware bedze 

mgodebeli. misi cremli da ruduneba Cven yvelas momarT 

warmogzavnilia. 

_ yvelaferi es namdvili, gulwrfeli misi mwuxarebis 

Sedegia. 

diax, yovelive es sinamdvilea, _ samwuxaro sinamdvile, romelic 

Seexeba araTu marto „vinme mRvdlis~ mier dasaxelebul 

midamos, aramed bevr sxva alagsac sruliad mTel saqarTvelos 

mxarisas. marto mtkvris da Woroxis saTaveebis gayolebiT, 

yarsamde da erzrumamde moyolebuli, sadac saqristiano 

siZvelis yvela naSTebze, gansvenebulis meistorie d. 

baqraZis mowmobiT, qarTuls garda arasodes araviTari sxva 

warwera ar yofila, _ aramed Cveni marTl-madidebel mxris 

TviT SuagulSi Taviss saqmes arigebs. taZrebs angreven, siwmindes 

itaceben, warwerebs spoben, axals sTxzaven maT magier, 

_ TviT mkvdarTa gansasvenebeli, sasaflaoebic ki ver aSorebian 

am saerTo xvedrs. 

gnebavT damamtkicebeli sabuTebi? aravisaTvis saidumlo 

aRar aris, rom Tbilisis zogierTi eklesiebi, romlebic mar- 

Tl-madideblebis iyvnen, exla marTlmadideblebs aRar aqvsT... 

aravisaTvis saidumlo aRar aris, rom SesaniSnavi TeleTis 

monasteri, Tbiliss ramdenime versiT daSorebuli, marTlmadideblebis 

xelSi aRar aris.... 

yvelam icis, rom varTaSenSi wm. elises taZari warTmeuli 

da miTvisebulia. 

samSvildis sionis eklesia ukve moTvalTvalebulia wasarTmevad; 

TiTqmis mimqrali meaTe saukunis misi warwera somxuri 

warweriT aris Secvlili. 

iqve patara qarTvelebis eklesia, merve saukuneze araugvianes 

aSenebuli, Sesanax adgilad aris gadaqceuli... 

bolnisis sioni, xrams gaRmiT, Tu ara vcdebi, mefis farsman 

meoTxis mier aSenebuli meoTxe saukuneSi _ marTlmadidebelTa 

siwminde, sadac meCvidmete saukunis gasvlamde 

saepiskoposo kaTedra iyo, vaxtang gorgaslanis mier dawesebuli 

_ sadavod gamxdara da dRes Tu xval, lamis, sxvis 

xelSi Cavardes. 

warTmeulia nuxas axlos giSis taZari, is taZari, sadac 

giSelebi mRvdel-mTavrobdnen. 

amasve upirebdnen qurmuxis taZars, wm. giorgisas, magram 

xalxma ZaliT gamodena taZridan mtaceblebi. 

Caldiris tbasTan daqceulia erTi qarTuli eklesia da 

qvebi kardakar aris datacebuli. 

SesaniSnavi siRnaxis (siRnaRi-a.u.) cixe TiTqmis sul dangreulia 

da qvebi daparulia. iqve qarTuli warwerebi uZveles 

sasaflaoze waSlilia da somxuriT aris Secvlili. 

loris cixeSi mTlad moispo qarTuli warwerebi... 

gaqra gujabis eklesiis warwera borCalos mazraSi. 

erT Zvelis Zvel da miviwyebul sasaflaoze erT qarTvelebis 

eklesiasTan, kuCenbaxis minis qarxnis axlos, bolo xanebSi 

gaCnda sul axlad axali fiqalebi, axalis somxuris warwerebiTurT... 

kelageris cixeSidac eseve xdeba. 

da sxva, da sxva! 

rom cota meqeqa Zveli gazeTebi an da, miT umetes, rom 

momewadinebia dawvlilebiT alagobrivi cnobebis Setyoba, maSin 

am axlad gaCenil barbarosebis moRvaweobis nusxa dausrulebeli 

Seiqmneboda. 

daqceva, isev daqceva, da xel axali daqceva, da bolo ar 

uCans am daqcevas Cveni mxrisas... 

mere sad aris mmarTveloba, sad aris gamoqveyneba, sad aris 

dacva imisa, rac Rirsia dacvis? 

mmarTveloba somxebis xelSia, gamoqveynebac maT sajiriTod 

gamxdara, mere dacva... igi mxolod somxebis mizan-ganzraxvisaTvis 

sufevs... rasac me viwerebi, es yvelam ukve icis, yvelas 

zizRs hgvris, magram dabeWdviT ki mxolod naglej-nagleje

64 65 

bad Tu SeiZleboda amis gamomJRavneba da isic erTaderT 

„iveria~ „iveria~ 1894, 1894, 1894, #114 

#114 

qarTul gazeTSi. aqauri somxuri gazeTebi, rusul enaze gamomavali, 

amgvar saqmeebs gverds uqceven. erTad erTi rusuli 

gazeTi „kavkazi~ ki ver hbedavs amis Sexebas, radganac grZnobs 

risxvas sacenzuro komitetisas. statiebi am gvar saqmeebis 

Sesaxeb yvela grZeldeba Zalian Tamamad, radganac sxva da 

sxva erovnebebs Soris simZulvaris aRmZvrelad arian miCneulni. 

amave dros ki siyalbe ufro da ufro warmatebaSi 

Sedis da, albaT, momavlisaTvis erovnebaTa damakavSireblad 

miuCneviaT igi. 

nu Tu es yvelaferi dausjelad gagrZeldeba? nu Tu mar- 

Tl-madidebel mRvdlebs marTl-madidebel mxareSi ar daaclian 

marTl-madideblobas?~ 

amiT Tavdeba es werili, romelsac boloSi xels awers 

„qarTveli~. magram es gulis wyroma da ruduneba damweris 

vinaobas ki ar miewereba, rasakvirvelia, aramed im samwuxaro 

movlenebs, romlis mowame, rogorc Cans, igi gamxdara. aramc 

Tu qarTveli, aramed yoveli adamiani aReldeba, albaT, amgvari 

ambis gagonebaze. Cven mxolod isRa gvrCeba, rom movucadoT 

kidev dawvrilebiT yvela zemoxsenebuli borotqmedebis gamoaSkaravebas! 

swored samarTliania zemoxsenebuli werilis 

damweris godeba da wuxili. miT ufro samZimo aris es 

wuxili da sarwmunoebis SembRalveli garemoeba, rom amas 

SevyurebT da vismenT am me-19 saukuneSi». 

„axalcixe „axalcixe da da safaris safaris monasteri~ 

monasteri~ 

«... aqaurs qarTvelobas, cota ar iyos, aklia unari gansjisa, 

TviT-moqmedebisa da gonebis moZraobisa. Tumca, am bolo 

dros mozard TaobaSi iRviZebs xalisi wignis kiTxvisa da 

swavlisa, magram, samwuxarod, isini aqnobamdis moklebulni 

arian samkiTxvelosa, Tumca am erTisa Tu oris wlis winad 

aqaurma qarTvelma naswavlma axalgazrdobam Camoagdo saubari 

am friad saWiro da sayuradRebo sagnis Sesaxeb, krebac 

moaxdina im saqmis mosarigeblad, Tu ra gziT sjobia samkiTxvelos 

daarseba Zvelis qalaqisaTvis, magram, samwuxarod, 

saTaveSive Sewyda es xalxisaTvis friad sakeTilo saqme, 

radganac am krebazeve damswre adgilobrivma mazris ufrosma 

winaaRmdegoba gamoucxada im sabuTiT, rom axalcixeSi ukve 

aris somexTagan daarsebuli wignT-sacavi... Zvelis qalaqis 

qarTveloba srulebiT ver sargeblobs am sazogado wignTsacaviT 

da mizezi amisa unda iyos is, rom qarTuli iq Zalian 

naklebad moi poveba da, amasTanave, weliwadSi sami maneTis 

gadaxda friad saZneloa gaRatakebul qarTvelebisaTvis..... 

wm. varTanis da macxovrisa gaSenebulia qalaqis axal nawilSi: 

varTanis eklesias qarTvelebi uwodeben ioane naTlismcemlis 

saxels, radganac, rogorc ambobs xalxi, winad am 

adgilas qarTvelebis ekklesia yofila aSenebuli ioane naTlis-mcemlis 

saxelobaze, magram Semdeg somxebs rogorRac 

«arTvinSi erTi didi ekklesiaa, Turme, Zvelis-Zveli. iqaur 

somxobas mouwadinebia mzamzareulad am eklesiis daCemeba. 

minam daiCemebdnen, berZnebi Sescilebian – eg eklesia ZvelTa- 

dausakuTrebiaT es ekklesia da mis adgilze auSenebiaT axlandeli 

wm. varTanis ekklesia... 

e. e. Sildeli Sildeli». Sildeli 

ganve qarTvelebisa yofila, maSasadame, CvenTvis, viTarca mar- 

TlmadideblebisaTvis, ufro uprianiao. am ekklesias marTl- 

„iveria~, „iveria~, 1902 1902 w. w. #256 

#256 

madideblobis niSnad zeda hqonia qva qarTulwarweriani. 

„xatis „xatis „xatis sofeli sofeli (borCalos (borCalos mazra)~ 

mazra)~ 

somxebs aRarc uciebiaT, aRarc ucxelebiaT, auRiaT igi qva da 

«es sofeli aris gaSenebuli md. loqis wylis xeobaze. 

sadRac waubrZanebiaT da miumalavT. am gziT igi eklesia 

masSi 35 komli qarTvelia da 7 – somexi. soflis Sua 

marTlmadidebelTaTvis xelidam gamoutacniaT da dRes somxebs 

adgilas yviTeli qvis ekklesiaa ZvelisZvelad aSenebuli. 

dauCemebiaT (ix. d. baqraZe „Àðõåîëîãè÷åñêîå ïóòåøåñòâèå 

meore ekklesiac wminda giorgisa friad Zvelia da Tlili 

ïî Ãóðèè è Àäæàðèè~, gv. 41)» [3]. 

qviT naSeni. moxuci kacebi amboben, rom Zvels dros es ekkle

66 67 

sia qarTvelebis xelSi iyovo, magram JamTa uwyalo trials 

orive zemod moxsenebuli ekklesia gaunadgurebia da Seumusravs 

urjulo aRa-mahmad-xanis xeliT. dasustebul qarTvel 

ers Semoesivnen somxebi, romlebic moedven mTels borCalos 

da xatis sofelic am beds ewia. xelT igdes wminda giorgis 

ekklesia da misi kar-midamo, uSiSrad amtkiceben, es ekklesia 

erTma Cvenma mefeTaganma aaSenao. axla mkiTxveli qvemoT moyvanil 

warweridgan mixvdeba, Tu xatis sofeli romelma aru- 

Tinam daaarsa an eklesia romelma hairikam aaSena. xatissoflis 

ekklesiis Sesaval karebis qvas aweria: „q. ese adidos 

RmerTman mefeTmefe: patroni mariami: Cven TurmaniZe: Turman 

da mecxedre Cveni qeTevan yizzilbaSid viyveniT da rodesac 

bednierman yaenman wyaloba uyo da mefe rostom qarTlis 

samefod gamogzavna, Cvenc wyaloba gviyo da Tan gamogvatana 

da gviboZa Cveni mamuli samkvidro da xatis-sofeli: aoxrebuli 

dagvxvda yoveli: xolo bednieris yaenis da rostom 

mefis wyalobiT isev avaSeneT da asre vaTarxneT: saqarTvelos 

mefeTagan da mepatroneTagan ara eTxovebaT ra: ar safari: 

ar kodis puri: ar sabalaxe: ar kuluxi 4 da arca ara sxva 

saxelmwifo saTxovari: xolo erTi laSqriT nadirobisagan 

meti: movZuldi me RmerTsa qeTevan da moiwia Cemzed gangeba 

risxvis mRvTisa da ama soflad gardaxda patroni Cemi da 

Svili Cemi gedali: davrCi uZeod: aqa miicvala: vaSene yovlad 

wmidis taZari sulisa misisa saxsrad: eha ubiwoo biw Seuxebelo, 

romelman daitive dautevneli qriste meufe: RmerTi 

Cveni: Seiwire mcire ese mosarTmeveli da nacvlad miuge gedalis 

mowyaleba Seni da asmine xma tkbili sameufo:“ 

manamdin qeTevans Svili gardaecvleboda da aagebda am 

ekklesias „sulisa misisa saxsrad“, manam sad loculobda an 

TviT an aq mcxovrebi qarTveli eri? saidan warmosdga am 

soflis saxeli: „xatis sofeli“. 

4 kuluxi, e.i. Rvinis gadasaxadi, romelic erTmeodaT saeklesio 

glexT Zvel dros ekklesiis sasargeblod, xolo erTmeodaT meaTedi 

odes mefe rostom (da ara aruTina, rogorc somxebs 

hgoniaT!) yizilbaSSi yofila wayvanili imaze winadve, rogorc 

igulisxmeba, am sofelSi yofila Zlieri xati, romlis Tayvanis 

sacemlad mivlenilan sxva-da-sxva mxridgan aq salocavad, 

anu Ramis saTevad da am xatis mizeziT soflisaTvisac uwodebiaT 

saxelad xatis sofeli, ra saxeliTac aqauri yvela 

mcxovrebi axlac ixsenieben. arian moswrebulni moxucni, 

romelnic gvimtkiceben, rom Zveli droiTganve ekklesia iyo 

wm. giorgis saxelobaze da somxebisagan qarTul trapezis 

moSlamde da dasakuTrebamde aq iyrida Tavs qarTveloba 

yovel aTs giorgobas, e. i. am ekklesiis xatobis dRes. 

wm. giorgis xseneba am dRes, e. i. aTs noembers, icis 

mxolod saqarTvelos ekklesiam. 

m. m. s. s. baidoSvili baidoSvili5 

». 

„iveria“ „iveria“ 1902w. 1902w. #156 

#156 

«borCalo. borCalo. swored zneobriv Seuracxyofad unda CaiTvalos 

is, rasac amJamad gviSvrebian aqauri „aramiancebi” 

qarTvelebs. romeli erTi vitiroT, ra ambavia Cvens Tavs?! 

nuTu JamTa uwyalo trialiT dasjili eri unda aqamomde 

itanjebodes ZmaTaganac? es aris ZmaTa Sviloba?... 

borCaloze metad „aramiancebisagan“ klanWgakruli mxare 

arsad moipoveba. es yvelam viciT, rom, sadac rame upatronod 

iyo, yvela amisTanebs „aramiancebma“ mohkides xeli da daepatronnen 

da, romlis dapatronebac veRar moaswres, TavianTe- 

5 m. s. baidoSvili _ mRvdeli da gulmxurvale mamuliSvili, stefane 

baidoSvili (zogierT werilSi baidaSvilad moxseniebuli), romelic 

gasuli sukunis dasawyisSi guldaTuTquli werda qarTvelTa istoriuli 

naSTebis ganadgurebis Taobaze. mRvdeli stefane uSiSrad amxelda somexTa 

taciaobas, mzakvrobasa da veragobas, maT mier qarTvelTa marTlmadideblur 

taZarTa dasakuTrebasa da qarTvelTa gasomxebas. misi cxovrebisa da 

moRvaweobis Seswavla, aseve, aRsasrulis gamokvleva da gamoqveyneba, vfiqrobT, 

daainteresebs sazogadoebriobasa da, metadre, eklesiis wevrebs.

68 69 

buri xazi mainc daatyes da namdvili patronis saxeli waSales. 

dRes qarTvels ers guli utiris Tavis Zvel naSTebis unugeSo 

mdgomareobis gamo. sad aris Cveni tirilis da Civilis 

pasuxi?! borCalos mazraSi, maSavris xeobaze s. dmanisidan 

dayolebuli axlandel araxlomde mTeli Cveni Zveli naSTni 

an TaTrebis xelSia da anadgureben, anda „aramiancebs“ upyriaT. 

aviRoT exla is ekklesiebi, romlebic ki arian mebatonis 

mamulebze. es ori Tu sami weliwadia, aSkarad veRar bedaven 

„ZmaTaSvilebi“ taciaobas, magram aqa-iq xucurad nawer qvebs 

aZroben da maT magier kedlebSi smen sxva qvebs zed-warweriT 

„aramianculs“ enaze. aravin hyavs damSleli, vinaidgan 

Cvenma „aRmaSeneblebma“ daaTaves, dayides mamulebi da samudamod 

gadasces meliq-aRebs. visac es saqme eintereseba, nu 

daiSurebs oriod maneTs da erTi amoixedos, Sexedos kviracxovelis 

eklesias s. akaurTaSi, daaTvalieros misi Signi- 

Ti da gareTi kedlebi, rom naTlad dainaxos da Seityos 

„aramiancebis” saqmeni sazRaproni. s. tanZiaSi gauqmebuli, 

mSvenier gegmaze aSenebuli RvTis-mSoblis saxelobaze ekklesia 

mxedrulis zedwarweriT, dRes Tu xval hrCebaT somxebs; 

agreTve s. qveSic. ratevanSi kidevac gadaukeTebiaT TavianT 

wesze da ar SercxveniaT imisi, rom TviT ekklesiis amSenebeli 

qarTveli Tavadi b. baraTaSvili Sig asaflavia. bolnisis 

(xatis sofeli) wmida giorgis ekklesia didi xania monaTles 

„surf geurqaT“... 

mRvd. mRvd. st. st. baidoSvili 

baidoSvili». 

baidoSvili 

„mwyemsi~, „mwyemsi~, 1901 1901 w, w, #36. 

#36. 

«... wirva-locva kargia, magram marto amisTvis ara varT. 

Tu xelebi dabmuli gvaqvs, Wkua-gonebas raRaT vabamT? maS, 

gvargebs axla Zili, rom saxelic aRmogvifxvran lamis „msoflio 

matyuarebma~? 

TibaTvis 30 iyo, rom q. Tbilisidam qveSis samrevloSi 

wamoveli. dilijanSi eqvsi siraji rumbebisaviT dawyobiliyvnen. 

iseTi politikuri laparaki Seqmnes, rom me, rogorc 

qarTvels, dameZina. araxlos xidze rom movediT, xidis xmau- 

robam gamomaRviZa da Semomesma qarTuli laparaki: „va, mundreks 

sul sZinavs~. me gavnabe suli, Tvalebi davxuWe _ 

zveraobisTvis bodiSs vixdi _ „Cemma mzem _ daiwyo beberma 

sirajma – cocxlebi arian, magram sZinavT, me martod ar 

vlaparakob magaT knazebze (kniazebi-a.u.), eg terterebic (igulisxmeba 

mRvdlebi-a.u.) axirebuli gulCvilebi arian da! 

Sen oRond „genacvale, Seni Wirime~ uTxar, Torem, ginda, ekklesiac 

waarTvi, Tavs mogaSorebs. ai, Cveni ratevanis ekklesiac 

egre ar iyo, mundrek qarTvelebi TiTonve vamuSaveT mis SekeTebaze 

da veubnebodiT, TqvenTvis vSromobTo. tyapuWs Zalian esmis, 

ekklesia haosis wesze keTdeba Tu qarTvelebisa?.... 

_ maxlas, eg ekklesia RvTisaa _ daiwyo meorem _ magram 

aiRe es knazebi, mamulebi ro daaTaves da dayides, sarqisjan, 

axla ekklesiebs aRar ugdeben yurs. bemurazi viyo, Tu erTi 

oci wlis mere axali eCmiawini aq ar gaimarTos. aq rom 

mouravad viyav, Cemi knazi oTx weliwadSi erTxelac ar amovidoda 

da axla Zalian medardeba, mamuli eyideba Tu deduli? 

to! mundrek, Senc purs sWam da mec, gaiRviZe, gacocxldi, Tu 

ara da, cocxali mainc Caweq miwaSi da! raRa es, raRa is, 

qarTvelebis sicocxle _ namdvili msoflio Teatria. ras 

vSvrebiT xolme patara bolnisSi, saca 35 komli qarTvelia. 

iq wm. giorgis ekklesia daviCemeT, dRes-xval da vakurTxevT: 

RmerTma acocxlos Cveni baindurovi, man saxlebic aaSena saekklesio 

mlocvelTaTvis da giorgobas (10 íîÿáðÿ) aseTi ambavi 

gvaq, rom, ha! vin ari patroni, erTi gviTxras: to, eSmakis 

fexebo, Tqven kalendarSi aT giorgobas arc giorgi ixseneba, 

arc geurqa da radgan ekklesiac Zveladve wm. giorgis aSenebulia, 

qarTvelTagan xatobac amitom xdeba aqao... saqme, axperjan, 

imaSia, rom dResac arian qarTvelebi iqve mcxovrebi, romlebic 

moswrebian am ekklesiis somxurad gadakeTebasa, magram 

usapno urmisaviT rom WraWiWruW ar mohyvnen, Cvenc viciT 

wamali ài, esenic, ai, paron!~.... 

ai, es ambavia Cven Soris, mkiTxvelo, rom gaiWeroba ar 

mexmara Cem TavaT, ise gvekargeboda wm. giorgis ekklesia, 

rogoradac tfilisis exlandeli vanqis sobori. 

mR. mR. baidoSvili 

baidoSvili». 

baidoSvili 

baidoSvili

70 71 

„iveria~, „iveria~, „iveria~, 1900 1900 1900 w, w, #30 

#30 

Jurnali Jurnali „mogzauri“, „mogzauri“, 1901 1901 w., w., #11 

#11 

«sofel SulaverSi marTlmadidebelTaTvis dawyebuli iyo 

„borCalos „borCalos mazra mazra da da masSi masSi mcxovrebi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi“ 

qarTvelebi“ 

asaSeneblad ekklesia, romlisTvisac 1895 wels saqarTvelos 

«...pirvelad Cven Tvalwin warmogvidgeba marcxniv, goris 

eqsarxosma daamtkica komiteti. mRvdelma m. stefane baidaS- 

ZirSi, xatis-sofeli, sadac marTl-madidebelT miZinebis ekvilma 

is azri warudgina komitets, rom saekklesiod arCeul 

lesia sdgas soflis Sua, xolo wm. giorgis eklesia sof- 

unda iyos adgili Sua sofelSi b-n yalamaqarovebisao. kolis 

TavSi, maRla gorazed, romelic, rogorc pirvel wermitetma 

moiwona es azri, magram b-ni yalamaqarovi ar dasTanxmda 

ilebSiac vTqviT, dRes somxebis xelSia... aqedan ori versis 

am adgilis daTmobas. rogorc gamoCnda saqmeebidan, es adgili 

siSoreze Zevs somxebis axali sofeli „bolnis-xaCina~. am 

saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis dros yofila saufliswulo 

qarTvel mefeebisa, zeda mdgara karis eklesia da moSorebiT 

niSi. am dros droebiT mmarTvels saqarTvelosas b-n krilovs 

yalamaqarovis mama-papisaTvis droebiT Caubarebia patronoba 

qarTvel mefeTa saufliswulo mamulisa. gasula xani. ekklesia 

daqceula (Tu dauqceviaT?), yalamaqarovebs auSenebiaT sacxovrebeli 

saxlebi, xolo niSi exlac dgas. am bolo dros, 

saqarTvelos mamulebis gamijvnis dros, yalamaqarovebs gamoucxadebiaT, 

rom vmflobelobT, rogorc saxelmwifo mamuls, radganac 

didi xnis dasaxlebulebi varT aqao. 

..... sanatrelia, sasuliero wodebam Sehkribos cnobebi im 

Zvelis taZrebis Sesaxeb, romlebic borCalos mazraSia, radgan, 

rogorc etyoba, bevri sxva saekklesio adgil-mamulebic 

unda iyos sxvaTagan daCemebuli. 

_______Svili 

_______Svili». 

_______Svili 

sofelSiac da mis irgvliv bevri Zvelis-Zveli nangrevi eklesiebia.. 

...axaSenidan rom gaemgzavroT dasavleTisaken, maSaveras xeobaze 

gza-tkeciliT, or versze kidev venaxebia, mesame versze 

ki, marjvniv, mTis ZirSi, dainaxavT patara sofels, romelSic 

cxovrobs 26 komli qarTveli da 7 somexi. Sua gorakze 

sdgas patara, magram friad koxta eklesia, samgumbaTiani, jvris 

saxis gegmazed. ai, es sofeli gaxlavT ratevani. es mamuli 

sofliTurT Zvelad yofila Tavad baraTaSvilisa. odes mas 

moundomebia gayidva Tavis mamulisa, igi viRac fiToevs uyidia. 

mamulis yidvisTanave kankeli mouSlia, daudgams somxuri 

da ukurTxebia igi somxurad. mere es mamuli uyidia man- 

TaSevs da dResac mis sakuTrebas Seadgens. rodesac baraTaSvili 

gardaicvala, igi am eklesiaSi daumarxavT da Zeglic 

daudgamT. es rom namdvilad qarTvelebisa iyo da fiToevma 

gadaakeTebina da akurTxa somxurad, amas hmowmoben ara mar- 

„iveria~, „iveria~, „iveria~, 1899 1899 1899 w., w., #239 

#239 

to qarTvlebi, ratevanSi mcxovrebni, aramed TviT somxebic. 

amazed aris oqmi Sedgenili 1900 wels 11 giorgobas da 

«am bolo dros borCalos mazraSi ramdenime saCivari 

wardgenilia mTavrobasTan. 

aRiZra somexTa mier samarTl-madideblo ekklesiebis miTvisebis 

...eklesia rom aaSenos memamulem Tavis miwaze, igi miwa mis 

gamo. tfilisis guberniis mTavrobam Suamdgomloba aRZra 

sakuTrebas aRar Seadgens, aramed sakuTrebas saeklesio uw- 

saqarTvelos eqzarxosis winaSe imis Sesaxeb, rom borCalos 

yebisas («Äóõîâíîå âåäîìñòâî»). ratevnis eklesiac ekuTvnoda, 

mazraSi gagzavniliyo Zvel qarTul siwmideTa da warwera- 

kanonsamebr, sasuliero uwyebas da arc mdgara „pomeSCikis~ 

mxatvrobis mcodne kaci. misma maRal-yovlad usamRvdeloe- 

mamulze, amitom unda hqondes plani da Tav. baraTaSvilsac 

sobam gahgzavna am azriT sof. ratevanSi tfilisis anCisxa- 

misi gayidvisa araviTari kanonieri neba ar hqonda. agreTve 

tis taZris mRvdeli polievqt karbelaSvili, romelic am 

,saeklesio mamulebi da qoneba aravis SeuZlia dainarCunos 

dReebSi ukve misula daniSnuls adgilas». 

axlandelis kanonebis ZaliT didi xnis mflobelobiT, rogo-

72 73 

radac saxelmwifo mamuli. amisdagvarad, arc ratevnis eklesia 

da arc xatissoflisa ar unda SerCeT somxebs, ris 

imedic utyuari WeSmaritebaa qarTvelTaTvis». 

Jurnali Jurnali Jurnali „mogzauri“, „mogzauri“, „mogzauri“, 1901 1901 w., w., #2. 

#2. 

„samxreTi „samxreTi saqarTvelo“ 

saqarTvelo“ 

saqarTvelo“ 

«am dasaRups garemoebas qarTvelebma sul ver miaqcies yuradReba... 

aqedgan daviwyebT im eklesiebis da monastrebis moxsenebas, 

romlebic adre qarTvel mefeebs am kuTxeSi (borCalo- 

Si-a.u.) augiaT. bevri maTgani aoxrebula, bevri daqceula, magram 

Savs grigals kidev bevri gadarCenila... am kuTxis gacnobiT 

mkiTxvelT Tvalwin gadaeSleba qarTvelT ganvlili dro 

da mware mxvedr-suraTic, Tu sadme eri rogor cxovrobs, 

eZleva igi warmatebas da didebas, magram mcire ram ubeduris 

meoxebiT mere rogor ecema, rogor qreba misi kvali da mis 

nacvlad vin idgams ferxs. amis dakvirveba CvenTvis didad 

saWiroebas Seadgens, radganac qarTvel tomis ZeTa ricxvs vin 

ar izidavda Tvisken da ar asxvaferebda; qarTvel ZeTa ricxvs 

sastikad musravda yvelaferi da ukanasknel TviT eklesiurma 

wesmac ki uwyo dakargva, rais meoxebiT didi Zali qarTveloba 

gaukavSirda somxobas, somxis gvarsa, enas, znes da Cveulebas. 

...dmanisis taZari, Zveli kaTedra taSiris mxris episkoposebisa, 

mSvenivrad naSeni, ugumbaTo. aq episkoposis kaTedra 

arsebobda me-18 saukunis naxevramde. es taZari maSaveris 

mxares mdebareobs. igi ekuTvnoda orbelianebs... dRes am taZris 

midamoebi somexTa mdidrebs ekuTvniT da dmanisic maTs sakuTrebas 

Seadgens. 

qoberis monasteri, qarTvelTagan aRSenebuli, dRes somxebs 

upyriaT. 

Zeli WeSmaritis monasteri, qarTvelTagan naSeni, dRes 

upyravT somexTa. 

manglisis eklesia, aRSenebuli konstantine imperatoris 

brZanebiT, qarTvelTa gaqristianebis dros, Semdgom aq dasva 

episkoposi vaxtang gorgaslanma. am taZarSi motanili yofila 

ieso qristes fexis ficari. Semdeg saukuneebSi erTs 

kedelzed dauxatavT mahmadi lomze mjdomare; mogviTxroben, 

rom saqarTvelos Semusrvis dros mahmadianebma es taZari 

mitom ar Semusreso. es taZari dRevandlamde arsebobs. dRes 

am taZris xeobas somexni manglaforas uxmoben!.. 

TeleTis wmida giorgi dRes somxebs upyravT, aq iyo 

Zvelad xati wm. giorgisa vercxlisa, qarTulis nawerebiT, 

Sewiruli erTis qarTvelis moloznisagan. 

axpatis eklesia, vrceli, gumbaTiani, vaxtang gorgaslanisagan 

aRSenebuli. dRes somexT upyriaT igi da somxebis sakuTrebad 

aRiareben, somexT mefeTagan aRSenebuls, magram amaod. 

somexT es taZaric daikaves meTxuTmete saukunis Semdegidgan, 

rodesac am kuTxeSi qarTvelTa iwyes Semcireba, eseni qarTlis 

ganapir mcxovreblebad iTvlebodnen da amitom mahmadianTagan 

maTze Tavdasxma erTob xSiri iyo. yvela ubedureba 

pirvelad maT atydeboda Tavzed, mis meoxebiT moispnen axpatis 

kuTxis qarTvelni da maT magier somexni dasaxldnen, 

romelTac SemdegSi xeli staces am taZarsac. 

sanainis taZari, qarTvelT mefeTagan aRSenebuli, dRevandlamde 

Senaxuli, dRes igi somexT upyriaT da somexTa istoriasac 

igi Tviss tomis ZeTa sakuTrebad swamT, magram es ar 

aris marTali; rac qarTvel tomis ZeTa mospobiT axpats 

moevlina, igive moevlina sanainis taZars. vaxuStis dros, am 

ukanasknels ors taZarSi somexTa orqevatorebi (winamZRvari) 

msxdaran. 

Cven yvela eklesiebs aq ver movixsenebT, radganac maTi 

ricxvi erTob didia, sul rac Cven gvaqvs daTvlili, orasamde 

didi eklesia moi poveba, Tlili qvebiT naSeni, zogi sionis 

tola... 

dRes aqeTken qarTvelni Tu sadme cxovroben, Tu maTi 

kvali da fexi Semonaxula aqeT, iginic mTlad dacemulan, 

maTSi winaparT saxe waSlila, dRevandeli qarTvelni aRar 

arian mxvnel-mTesvel, saqonlis momSenebel da mevenaxe, rogorc 

adre iyvnen, romelT winaparT cnobebi dResac akvirvebs mxilvels».

74 75 

Jurnali Jurnali „mogzauri“, „mogzauri“, 1901 1901 w. w. #6 

#6 

is gasazom-dasayofad, Tbilisis sud-palatisas 1867 welSi 

„borCalos „borCalos mazra mazra da da masSi masSi masSi mcxovrebi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi“ 

qarTvelebi“ 

qarTvelebi“ 

«garda berZnebisa da rusebisa, mTels borCalos mazraSi 

ganucxades, rom maT, yalanTarovebs, es mamuli daCemebuli 

aqvT Zvel droidamve, rogoradac saxelmwifo mamuli. arsebu- 

qarTvelebic cxovroben... cxovroben meti nawili Tavadebis 

lis kanonis ZaliT mamuli daumtkicda maT, rogorc saxelm- 

mamulze da sxva pirebisa. saSineli samwuxaro vaebis cxwifo, 

da SulaverSi mcxovrebni marTlmadidebelni qristianeni 

ovreba aqvT, radganac Cvens memamule TavadiSvilebs aqauri 

ki dResac ver Souloben Sesafers alags, rom iq eklesia 

mamulebi zogi dauyidniaT da, rac SerCeniaT aqamomde, mouravebad 

aaSenon, Tumca fuli ukve didi xania Sekrebilia da SarSan 

yvelgan s__i (somxebi-a.u.) hyavT, romlebic ganwirulebamde 

samRvdelo mosamsaxureTa Static gamocxadda. 

udierad epyrobian qarTvel glexebs. 

bolnisis sionis taZari, aSenebuli mexuTe saukunis naxevardRes 

sofeli dmanisi Seadgens somexTa mdidrebis sakuTre- 

Si, farsman IV-sgan, qarTvelTa mefisagan da kaTedra qarTvel 

bas. am xeobis soflebi Seadgenen 11 Tu 12 samRvdelo samw- 

episkoposTa, dResac sdgas, rogorc saukuno saxsovari, qarTvelTysos. 

TiTo samwyso Sesdgeba eqvsi Tu Svidi dafantuli 

agan rjulisaTvis da samSoblosaTvis sisxlis Rvrisa. JamTa 

soflebidan. ramdenime samwyso sofeli Seadgens erTs sa- 

uwyalo viTarebisagan dRes igi naxevrad miwaSia dafluli, 

zogadoebas, romlebSiac, qarTvelebs garda, areulad scxovroben 

viwrod artyia galavani qvisa, win udgas maRali samreklo 

TaTrebi da somxebic. eklesiebi yvela sofelSia, Cven wina- 

warweriT, romelic pirdapir TvaliT ver warikiTxvis, garSemo 

parTagan Zvelad naSenni, dRes zogi maTgani somxebis xelSia. 

artyia venaxebi, mere sasaxle iq mcxovreb TaTrisa da merme 

...WeSmaritebas gadmogvcems aqauri istoria, rom odes TaTrebi 

irgvliv artyia mSvenieri saxnavi, sarwyavi miwa 100 deseti- 

iklebdnen aqaur mxares, maSin somxebi modiodnen samxreTidan 

nazed meti, sakuTreba aRalarebisa efendiebisa, romlebic taZris 

da aqaur dacarielebul alagebzed ikalaTebdnen. Tu sadme 

gverdze scxovroben. friad ar eWaSnikeba xolme Cemi misvla 

qarTvelni iyvnen darCenilni, mosulni somexni imaTac ereod- 

iq am aRalars. am efendiebsac es kar-midamo ekklesiisa iseve 

nen tkbili eniT. Tbilisis aznaurTa deputatTa yrilobis 

aqvs daCemebuli, rogoraTac yalanTarovebs _ SulaverSi. neta 

saqmeebidgan sCans, rom, odes saqarTvelo ruseTs SeuerTda, 

im dros adgilebis mzomavi ras fiqrobda, rom am siwmidis 

saqarTveloSi gamogzavnil iqmna vinme b. krilovi. igi swers 

kar-midamos TaTrebs uzomavda?! am ekklesiis pirdapir, wylis 

SulaverSi mcxovrebs yalanTar yalanTarovs, rom mas droe- 

gaRma, mTis wverze, sdgas ekklesia msgavsi Tbilisis sionisa, 

biT mieRo mmarTveloba im saufliswulo mamulisa, romelSi- 

gumbaTiani, yviTelis qviT naSeni da SesaniSnavis CuqurTmebiT 

ac scxovrobda wined Svilis-Svili qarTvelTa mefisa aleq- 

mokazmuli, dRes marto gumbaTis Tavi aqvs dangreuli. es 

si. saqmeebidgan aRar sCans, b. krilovi ra iqna, droebac 

ekklesia sdgas aqauri Tujis qarxnis patronis i.T. boRaCis 

areuli gaxldaT im Jamad saqarTveloSi da mas aqeTia, rom 

mamulSi, romelic, rogorc man TviT miTxra, apirebs am ekklesi- 

es uZvirfasesi mamuli dRevandlamde yalanTarovebs darCaT. 

is ganaxlebas. am ekklesiis qveviT, aRmosavleTisken, mTis ZirSi, 

brZanebisamebr sasuliero mTavrobisa, 1899 welSi gagzav- 

gaSenebulia xatis-sofeli (patara bolnisi) es saxeli Zveli 

nil viyav borCaloSi eklesiis aSenebis saqmezed. aq miambes, 

droidganaa, radgan aq qarTvelebs iseTi Zlieri xati hqoniaT 

rom am yalanTarovebma, mas Semdeg, rac b. krilovma maT mamuli 

wm. giorgisa ekklesiaSi, rom yovel wliv am xeobis xalxi aq 

Caabara, daSales iq arsebuli feriscvalebis eklesia samefo 

iyrida Tavs xatobaSi. dRes es ekklesia somxebs uWiravT, 

sasaxlisa da qva misi ixmares axal Senobebis agebazed. im 

Tumca am sofelSi 37 komli qarTvelia da 7 somexi. garda am 

komisias ki, romelic daarsebuli iyo saqarTvelos mamuleb- 

eklesiisa, aqve aSenebulia RvTis-mSoblis saxelobazed patara

76 77 

ekklesia, rostom mefis da dedoflis mariamis aSenebuli, 

maTis Svilis gedalis sulis sacxoneblad (rogorc Cans 

warweridan). wirva-locva am ekklesiaSi sruldeba 

qarTvelTaTvis, xolo wmida giorgis eklesiaSi somexTaTvis. 

es wm. giorgis eklesia daupyriaT somxebs warsuli saukunis 

pirvel oc wlebSi, vinme dianbegis SanSievis wyalobiT da wm. 

trapezi somxurad SeucvliaT. axlac arian am sofelSi amis 

momswreni qarTvelni da TviT somexnic. dResac dResaswauli 

xdeba aq 10 noembers yovel-wliv, somxebis kalendarSi ki am 

dRes arc giorgi ixsenieba da arc geurqa. es dResaswauli 

namdvili “nacionaluri” dResaswaulia qarTvelTa. somxebs 

trapezis gadakeTebisTanave daviwyebiaT ekklesiisTvis saxelic 

gamoecvalaT. aqamomde 10 noembers, romel dResac aq Tavs 

iyris Tbilisis mdidari somxoba, wirvis mere gamovidodnen 

Svidi tertera „gorZakliTurT“ (blaRoCiniT) sadResaswaulod 

Semosilebi da uvlidnen qarTvelebs. maT ukan misdevdnen 

oTxi Tu xuTi kaci, romlebic hyiddnen wminda sanTlebs da 

yulabebiT fuls agrovebdnen mlocvelebSi, Sesawevnelad da 

gasavrceleblad somex-gr. sarwmunoebisa, rac akrZalulia kanoniT 

(miTiTebulia kanoni-a.u.). am nairi qceva somxebisa warmogidgendaT 

TvalSi swored eCmiaZins da ara xatis-sofels. am 

eklesiaze da s. ratevnis eklesiaze aRZra kiTxva winaSe sasuliero 

da samxedro mTavrobisa 1899 w. adgilobrivma mRvdelma 

g. s. baidoSvilma da, rogorc xma dadis, ukve davalebuli 

aqvs maTs usamRvdeloesobas episkoposs kirions safuZvlianad 

gamoiZios am eklesiebis saqme da daubrunos isini 

qarTvelebs. ratevnis ekklesiis ambavs Semdeg movaxsenebT „mogzauris“ 

mkiTxvels». 

ratevnis wm. giorgis eklesiis somexTa mier miTvisebis 

istoria, gadmocemuli 1901 w. Jur. „mogzauris“ #2-Si, werilSi 

„borCalos mazra da masSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi“. 

werili Semdegi sityvebiT sruldeba: „etyoba, qarTvelebi ar 

sTmobdnen fiToevis mier gaRatakebul ratevnis wm. giorgis 

eklesias da saCivari SeutaniaT rusis mefis mTavrobaSi. Tu 

ras miaRwies, Sedegad Cans: dRes ratevnis qarTuli eklesia 

isev somxebs uWiravT“ [2]. 

«ratevnis Sesaxeb agreTve saintereso cnobebia 1901 wlis 

Jurnal „mogzauris“ #3-Si. am dros ratevanSi yofila 30 

komli, 105 mamakaci, 95 dedakaci. naxevari ukve grigorianul 

sarwmunoebas aRiarebda, gvarebi somxurad gadaukeTebiaT, magram 

dedaena qarTuli hqoniaT. aqvea xati-soflis Sesaxeb _ 

aq 30 komli qarTveli yofila, magram naxevari somxur grigorianul 

sarwmunoebas aRiarebeno da Tavi somxebad miaCniaT, 

Tumca dedaena qarTuli aqvT da qarTulad laparakobeno... ai, 

somexi sasuliero pirebis antiqarTuli moRvaweobis Sedegi. 

„patara bolnisSi (xati-sofeli) rostom mefis mier XVII s- 

Si aSenebuli eklesiisaTvis mdidar kacs basilaSvils am eklesiis 

samreklos da galavnis aSeneba gadauwyvetia, magram 

qarTvel glexebs misTvis uari uTqvamT. maT TavianTi uari ase 

dausabuTebiaT: _ ratevanSi Cven mama-papebsac ase eubneboda 

fiToevi: Svilebo, gaixarjeT, SeakeTeT eklesiao. Cven gvamuSava 

da mere ki xeli agvaRebinao. ratevnelebi ueklesiod arian 

axlaco. basilaSvilic magas gvizamso. mRvdels Zlivs daurwmunebia 

glexebi _ basilaSvili qarTvelia: „Tu ki basilaSvili 

qarTvelia, mamao, maS imedi maqvs, rom Tqveni sityva marTali 

darCes CvenTvis. asruldes neba RvTisa da Tqveni“. mar- 

Tlac, basilaSvils Tavisi sityva Seusrulebia da gaxarebul 

qarTvelobas 25 dekembers 1901 wlisas, axlad aSenebulis 

kurTxeva didi zeimiT aRuniSnavT“. Cveni daudevroba, Torem 

somxebi amisTana eSmakobas ver gabedaveno, Tundac SimSiliT 

yarabaRi moagondeTo _ mwared SeniSnavs publikaciis avtori. 

Jurnal „mogzauris“ imave nomerSi gvxvdeba aseTi cnobac: 

„vinme yalanTarovebma feriscvalebis eklesia samefo sasaxlisa 

daSales da saxlebis asaSeneblad gamoiyenes. yalan- 

Tarovebs daCemebuli aqvT saxelmwifo mamuli... bolnisis 

xaCenidan ori versis siSoreze, imave xeobaze marcxniv aris 

sofeli samwverisi, sadac qarTvelebic scxovroben, misdeven 

mebaReobas. mTeli es alagi ekuTvnis SanSievebs. aq, maRla, 

baRebis TavSi aris patara samebis eklesia, romelic ganuax

78 79 

lebiaT 1870 wels b. gr. da nino SanSievebs. TviT nino 

SanSievma miTxra, mas swadia am nangrevi eklesiis ganaxleba 

somxur weszed, magram nanaxi sizmris winadadebisaebr qarTulad 

vakurTxebineo“ (Jur. „mogzauri“, 1901, #11, gv. 1046). 

amjerad ki gadaurCenia ufals samwevrisis qarTuli eklesia 

somxebisagan, magram sabolood mainc ver dasxltomia zogierT 

somex sasuliero pirTa mtaceblur xels. amas mowmobs 

misi ruka-cnobarSi Setanis faqti. 

aqvea mravalmxriv sayuradRebo cnoba: „axalSens marcxniv 

akravs maRali gora zed patara Zveli dangreuli eklesiiT, 

romelsac axal „eli-babs“ uwodeben. mis dReobas qarTvelebi 

dResaswauloben meore kviras, wm. aRdgomisa. xolo berZnebi, 

romelTa sityviT aq Zvelis-ZveliT wm. winaswarmetyveli 

ilias eklesia yofila, dResaswauloben 20 ivliss. xatobis 

dRes aq ikribeba mravali berZeni sof. walkidan, winwyarodan 

da sxva mxridanac. am oTxi wlis winaT, aqaur „terterebs“ 

sdomebiaT misi daCemebac, magram berZnebs, rogorc gaiWera 

xalxs, mklavi uxmariaT da terterebi am veeba goris wveridan 

mdinare maSaveraze tyapa-tyupiT CaurekiaT. eli-babis 

mTis Ziras, marjvniv, Tafanis mTaze, aris Zveli eklesia. igi 

da eli-babi gahyureben erTmaneTs da, rogorc Tafanis eklesiis 

kedlebis, iseve samwverisasa da xati-soflis wm. 

giorgis eklesiebisas, Zveli warwerani aRara etyoba ra, xolo 

zog alagas eSmakobiT axlad naCiCqnia somxuri asoebiT. 

amasve Civis vinme xucesi gamoqveynebul vrcel werilSi _ 

„Cveni istoriuli naSTi da maTi sve“ -_ „Zvel naSTebs aRar 

asveneben da ZalmomreobiT iCemeben (somxebi)... angreven Zvel 

naSTebs, warwerebs spoben da Cven ki ese gvZinavs, dro ar 

aris. droa, Tvalebi movifSvnitoT, movideT axlos, vnaxoT es 

mokakane qaTmebi da erTad viRonoT rame naSTebis Sesaxeb“ 

(gaz. „iveria“, 1895, 172). 

etyoba, sxvisi eklesiebis miTviseba somex sasuliero pirebs 

sisxlSi hqoniaT... samwuxarod, qvemo-qarTlSi Zvel qarTul 

eklesiebze qarTuli epigrafikis amofxeka da somxuri warwerebis 

mijRabna axlac grZeldeba... am ramdenime xnis win 

televiziis „macnemac“ gadmosca analogiuri umsgavsoebani, 

rasac sCadis am mxaris mcxovrebi zogierTi somexi» [2]. 

sofel ratevnisa da „eli-babis Sesaxeb igive istoriebia 

moTxrobili 1901 wlis # 273 gazeT „iveriaSi“. werili 

Semdegi sityvebiT mTavrdeba: «da amis Semdeg kidev kacTa 

siZulvils gvikiJineben, Tu vityviT, rom saqcieli im vaJbatonebisa 

dasagmobia». 

1901 wlis Jurnal „mogzauris“ #21-Si moTavsebuli 

werilis „borCalos mazra da masSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi“ 

avtori gadmogvcems: «soflis (igulisxmeba akura, romelic 

baraTaSvilis yofila da viRac somexisTvis sofel yamarloze 

gaucvlia-a.u.) Sua alagas sdgas qvis eklesia, romelic 

Zvelad RvTismSoblis saxelze yofila nakurTxi. axal mebatones 

igi mcired SeukeTebia da Cveulebisamebr miudgams 

somxuri qvis trapezi. magram trapezis mSenebloba dasrulebuli 

ar yofila. arc nakurTxia. miuxedavad amisa, Civis 

avtori, „qarTveli mRvdeli arasodes ar uxdis am eklesiaSi 

parakliss Tavis mrevls, radgan adgilobrivi mebatone ar 

aZlevs nebas“. ai, amas hqvia „gareulma qaTamma Sinauri gaagdoo“. 

qarTuli sikeTiT gayvizinebuli CarCi mkvidr qarTvels 

qarTul eklesiaSi siaruls ukrZalavs, im dros, roca 

yvela drois kanoniT akrZaluli iyo eklesiis dasakuTreba, 

rac mamulis yidva-gayidvis dros unda yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli. 

am kanonis Sesaxeb avtori didi imediT miu- 

TiTebda wina werilSi, magram, Cans, amaod Cauvlia qarTvelTa 

yovelgvar mcdelobas. kargi, iuridiuli samarTali iqiT iyos, 

xom arsebobs adamianuri sindisi, dauwereli zneobrivi kanonebi... 

bolos avtori isev rusis mTavrobas mimarTavs: „saWiroa, 

mTavrobam am SemTxvevas adre Tu gvian yuradReba miaqcios 

misTvis mainc, rom aq myof qarTvelebSi sarwmunoeba ar Seiryes. 

vinem droa, visac asxia yuri sasmenad, isminos!“ _ afrTxilebs 

sevdianad avtori TanamemamuleT Tu mTavrobas... fitareTis 

eklesiaze SeniSnavs _ „upatronoT aris jerjerobiT, 

Tu „iancebi“ ar daepatronneno. sofel tanZiaSi, sulxan-sabas

80 81 

mSobliur sofelSi, aris eklesia – qarTul-xucuri warwerebiT, 

magram, amis miuxedavad, „ter-karapets“ klite daudvia zed 

da uwodebs somexTa eklesias“. vfiqrob, Tavxedoba da usircxviloba 

am „ter-karapetaze“ Sors ver wava! 

vecadeT, faqtobrivi masalis meSveobiiT warmogvedgina qvemo 

qarTlSi qarTuli eklesiebis somexTa mier miTvisebis arc 

Tu sanaqebo saqcieli. ara da, gasul saukuneSi Cvens winaprebs 

saqmiT ubrZoliaT, raTa somex sasuliero pirTa da somex 

vaWarTa xelyofisagan gadaerCinaT es uZvelesi qarTuli salocavebi. 

samwuxarod, amaod Caiara maTma mcdelobam da yvela 

aRniSnul eklesias da bevr kidev sxvas mainc daepatronnen 

somxebi da dRes isini Setanilia ruka-cnobarSi» [2]. 

axla baton ivane Ciqovans davugdoT yuri, romelic somxebis 

mier binaZoris eklesiis miTvisebas uCivis: 

gazeTi gazeTi „iveria~, „iveria~, „iveria~, 1902 1902 w., w., #153 

#153 

«Sulaveri (borCalos mazra). Sulavridgan 3 versis man- 

Zilzed, maRlob alagas mdebareobs SesaniSnavi, ZvelTagan naSeni 

cixe. ramdenime xnis winaT momixda SulaverSi gavla. aq 

scxovroben „ganaTlebuli~ somxebi. Camovarda laparaki, Tu 

rogori mamacni yofilan magaTi winaparni. erTma maTganma 

Tavmomwoned daiZaxa: „es SesaniSnavi cixe Cven ZvelTagan danatovari 

ariso~. davekiTxe: saxelad ras uwodeben im aremares, 

sadac es cixe aris meTqi. „binaZorsao~. am saxelma damafiqra. 

gavida ramdenime xani da kvlav momixda iqiT yofna. 

cixis axlos vnaxe sasaflao. sasaflaos qvebzed qarTuli 

warwerebi vnaxe. amasac Tavi gavanebe da mivedi cixis galavan- 

Tan da Zlivs gadavel masSi. metad maRali kedlebi aqvs. 

davapire irgvliv Semovla, magram galavani dids manZilze 

aqvs Semortymuli. bolos vipove Camongreuli kedeli da 

gadavedi. Sua alagzec cixea SesaniSnavi xelovnebiT agebuli. 

gamikvirda: am didi xnis win aSenebul da xavsmokidebul 

cixis kedlebze SevamCnie axlad Casmuli TeTri qvebi somxuri 

warwerebiT, gegonebaT, guSin CausvamTo! qarTuli naweri 

ki gadaufxekiaT. droa, yuradReba mivaqcioT mama-papeul dan- 

atovars. Tu Sno ara gvaqvs SeZenisa, ZvelTagan danatovari 

mainc davicvaT» [2]. 

«mitacebis seni ise iyo gamjdari somex sasuliero pirebSi, 

rom mahmadianur garemoSic ki ar Takilobdnen am saqmes da 

cdilobdnen, xelT egdoT qarTuli eklesiebi. ai, ras wers 

„ingilo janaSvili“ (mose janaSvili) – „garda xsenebuli 

eklesiebisa, kidev aris belaqnis bolos erTi eklesia, romelsac 

lekebi eZaxian „nuriqilisa“ – eklesia madlisa. is yofila 

didad mSvenieri da gumbaTiani, Semovlebuli zRudiT. belaqanSi 

movaWre somxebs misi daCemeba hsurdaT, magram tura 

vaCnaZes STamomavlebma – galajovebma neba ar misces“ (Jurn. 

„mogzauri“, 1901, #8-9). amave JurnalSi (1903, #1-4) ingilo 

janaSvili werilSi „hereTis aRwera“ aRniSnavs: sofel vardaSenSi 

XIV saukunis adrindeli eklesia arsebula, ilia 

winaswarmetyvelis saxelze. misi Sesavlis karze xucuri 

warwera yofila. 1855 wels qarTuli marTlmadidebluri 

sarwmunoebisaTvis uRalatnia am eklesiis mnaTes, vinme aleqsandre 

silikovs, da grigorianuli mrwamsi miuRia. mas moundomebia 

am eklesiis dangreva da misgan somxuri eklesiis 

aSeneba, magram qarTvel marTlmadidebel mosaxleobas amis 

neba ar miucia. maSin gamqrala qarTuli warwerebi. visi 

xeliT, amis mixvedra ar aris Zneli. Semdeg bevrjer moundomebiaT 

am eklesiis daCemeba, magram udebs (adgilobrivi 

tomi-a.u.) sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauweviaT da ar daunebebiaT 

igi. am soflis TavSi mdgar niSi-wmeris (siwminde) dapatroneba 

moundomebiaT somxebs, magram moZRvars neba ar daurTavs, 

Tumca mainc ar iSlian Tavisaso. 

...wm. elises saeklesio niSebi qarTvel marTlmadidebel 

udebs ekuTvnoda: mnaTe petre silikovs iqve ucxovria. magram 

mosula yarabaReli somexi, vinme muradovi, tertera, mnaTes 

Sepirebia – niSebis magier eklesia avaSenoT da marTlmadidebeli 

udebi ilocebeno. petre silikovi gabriyvebula 

da neba miucia im pirobiT, rom igi eklesiaSi mnaTed iqneboda. 

tertera muradovs eklesia auSenebia. 

(me Tqven getyviT, eCmiaZini ar daafinansebda da xels ar

82 83 

Seuwyobda. es somexi sasuliero piri sagangebod iqneboda 

gagzavnili am mxareSi grigorianuli sarwmunoebis gasavrceleblad). 

mnaTe petre momkvdara, terteras eklesia somxurad 

ukurTxebia da „eRiSe araqel“ uwodebia. amtydara 

saCivari, magram somxebs qrTami gauRiaT da es eklesiac 

dausakuTrebiaT. erTi sityviT, rogorc mose janaSvili iuwyeba, 

somexi sasuliero pirebi Zalian agresiulad moqmedebdneno 

marTlmadideblobis winaaRmdeg. miT umetes, Turme, am 

saqmeSi rusebi uwyobdnen xels... „rusebma rom nuxis saxano 

daipyres, paskeviCma somxebi gaaZliera am mxares da umwyemsod 

darCenilma marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis udebma 

TandaTan miiRes somxuri sarwmunoeba“, Torem am mxareSi 

somxuri eklesiebi arasodes yofilao – ambobs ingilo janaSvili» 

[2]. 

Jurnali Jurnali „mogzauri“, „mogzauri“, 1903 1903 1903 w., w., #1 

#1 

„istoriuli „istoriuli da da geografiuli geografiuli aRwera aRwera hereTisa“ 

hereTisa“ 

«...giSel-qurmuxeli mTavarepiskopozi kirile am sofels 

„vardTaSens“ eZaxis, xolo adgilobrivi somxebi da udebi 

varTaSens. somxebi amtkiceben, rom is somexT mxedarT-mTavarma 

vardanma aRaSenao. magram styuian, es mxare hereTia, xolo 

hereTSi qarTvelebi saxlobdnen. rogorc amtkicebs istorikosi 

somexTa, eRiSe, xalxalamde miwa-wyali iverias ekuTvnoda, 

amas iqiT, aRmosavleTisaken, albanias. 

roca ruseTma daipyro nuxis saxano da (paskeviCma) somxebi 

gaaZliera am mxares, umwyemsod darCenil marTlmadidebelT 

sarwmunoebis udebma somxuri sarwmunoeba miiRes. exla 

eseni gvedavebian da swadianT Cveni mama-papis salocavi somexT 

daisakuTron. usamarTloba iqneboda, rom mTavrobam salocavi 

Cven wagvarTvas da gasomxebul Cvens moZmeT Caabaros. 

isini gasomxebulan, maSasadame, uflebac daukargavT, radgan 

uar- uyviaT mama-papis sarwmunoeba, amisaTvis ueWvelad qarTvel 

udebs unda darCeT salocavi... unda gadaswydes erTxelve, 

rom salocavi, somexTagan èRiSe araqelad~ wodebuli, qarTvel 

udebs ekuTvniT da ara gasomxebulebs... 

eWvi ar aris, amboben axlandeli udebi, rom saqmes marTlmadidebeli 

sarwmunoebis aRmsarebelni moigebdneno, Tu rom 

qrTami ara datrialebuliyo. mosamarTleni miemxrnen somxebs 

da moedvnen Robe-yores. 

...Tumca nuxis droebiTma provincialurma sasamarTlom 

xsenebuli salocavi gasomxebul udebs daumtkica, magram mar- 

Tlmadideblebma da maTma mRvdlebma mainc xeli ar aiRes 

imaze. yovel weliwads, aRdgomis mesame dRes, ikrifebodnen iq 

salocavad da Semosavals iRebdnen. somexnic jerjerobiT 

xmas ar iRebdnen. 1884 wels WaleTis monasterSi somxeTis 

sauliero mTavrobam viRaca axalgazrda arqimandriti dani- 

Sna. es kaci Caeria saqmeSi. roca Cveulebriv mividnen marTlmadidebelni 

udebi da gasomxebuli udebi salocavad, SfoTis 

moyvare arqimandritma winaaRmdegoba gauwia marTlmadidebelT 

moZRvars, aRukrZala gasomxebulebs _ Semosavals 

qarTvelT mRvdels nu aZlevTo. amaze astyda maT Soris 

Cxubi, kargaTa scemes erTmaneTs, arqimandritsac ramdenime 

miartyes SfoTis atexvisaTvis. Caeria saqmeSi policia, aRSfoTebuli 

xalxi daamSvides. daiwyo saCivrebi, arqimandriti 

daiTxoves. saqme darCa isev uwindeburad sadavod, magram 

metiCara policiis boqaulma i. quTaTelaZem ubrZana qarTvel 

udebs: moerideT somxebs, isini Cxubs apireben, Tu rom 

Tqveni mRvdeli Cveulebriv miva salocavzeo. 

asre xeli moumarTes moxeleebma somxebs da Zalauneburad 

xeli aaRebines qarTvelebs salocavze. magram saCivrebi kidev 

astyda 1889 wels, me mivarTvi mTavarmmarTebels T. dondukovkorsakovs, 

roca nuxis mRvdlad viyavi da nabrZanebi mqonda 

kerZod misioneroba gamewia nuxis mazraSi «Äîêëàäíóþ çàïèñêó» 

da vsTxove, gamoeZiebinaT wm. salocavis saqme da daebrunebinaT 

marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis. daniSnes gamomZieblad nuxis 

ufrosis TanaSemwe T. andronikaSvili. somxebma dauwyes imas 

laquci, gaumarTes sadilebi, miimxres da imanac dastova èRiSe 

araqeli~-s saqme da ganaRviZa dava ilia winaswarmetyvelis 

eklesiis Sesaxeb, magram varTaSnis eklesiis medaviTnem solomon 

CikvaiZem moaxsena somexT mosarCles: „kniazo, ilia

84 85 

winaswarmetyvelis eklesiis garSemo Tavisi mowmeebi hyavs da 

amtkiceben, rom es eklesia usacilod qarTvelTa yofila. 

somxebi bzas ara hxmaroben da ejavrebaT kidec, radgan qarTvelni 

xmaroben mas bzobis dRes. mis nacvlad isini xmaroben tirifs. 

aqedgan cxadia, rom somexni arasodes ar dargavdnen eklesiis 

garSemo bzas, Tu rom is maTi yofiliyo. imasa rgavdnen qarTvelebi. 

ver xedavT, am eklesiis garSemo TiTqmis mTeli tyea bzisa 

gaSenebuli! amis Semdeg gana eWviRaa, rom ilia winaswarmetyvelis 

eklesia qarTvelebs ekuTvniT~. „Tu asea, maS „eRiSe araqelis 

matura~, romlis garSemo bza ar aris, somxebis kuTvnileba 

yofilao~ _ daaskvna gonierma gamomZiebelma da pirveli 

qarTvelebs daunarCuna, meore – somxebs. 

amis Semdeg dawynardnen qarTveli udebi da gasomxebulebi. 

daimkvidres somxebma „eRiSe araqeli~ da kargad moikeces iq 

fexebi. imaT daaqcies srulad petro silikovisagan aSenebuli 

saxlic da mis saZirkvelze aages axali saxli qvitkirisa 

Soreul mlocavTaTvis. mecadineoben, muradovisagan aSenebuli 

patara samlocveloc moSalon da mis nacvlad aRaSenon 

didi eklesia. moaxerxeben kidec. amden xans misi Semosavali 

varTaSnis qarTvelT eklesias ekuTvnoda, axla, radgan igi mas 

CamoerTo, somxebi aiReben da moaxmareben eklesiis aSenebas. 

yovel weliwads 300 maneTi fuli, rasakvirvelia, cota Semosavali 

ar aris. es aris kidec sawyeno qarTvel udebisaTvis, 

rom maT saeklesio Skolaze xalxi da sasuliero mTavroba 

Taviss fuls xarjaven, xolo somxebi maT winaparTa salocavis 

Semosavlidgan eklesiebs iSeneben, Zlierdebian, ipyroben 

nuxis mazraSi qarTvelTagan daSTenil Zvelebur eklesiebs, 

saxldebian da mravldebian qarTvelT miwa-wyalze, xolo 

qarTvelTa glexoba qarTl-kaxeTSi umiwawylobiT Raribdeba, 

ar icis, ra qnas da saiT wavides. xalxi mravldeba, miwa ki 

klebulobs, cotavdeba da saxnav-saTesad aRar hyofnis. 

ingilo ingilo ingilo janaSvili janaSvili». 

janaSvili 

gazeT iveriis 1887 wlis 28 aprilis #83-Si aseTi cnobaa 

dabeWdili: «„varTaSeni nuxazed moSorebulia ocdaxuTmeti versiT. 

aq aRdgomis mesame dRes ician dReoba wm. elisesi. am sofels 

epatronebian aqauri somxebi, Tumc qarTvelebi ar uTmoben“. 

Tu ra miuRebeli xerxebiT ibrZodnen somexi sasuliero 

pirebi qarTveli marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis somxur 

grigorianul sarwmunoebaze gadasayvanad, Cans aq motanil 

Semdeg cnobaSi: „amas winaT, _ wers publikaciis avtori, _ 

ubralo SemTxvevas aRmouCenia, rom erTis qarTvelis Svili 

sxvis siaSi CauweriaT Semdegis gvariT da saxeliT „aruTin 

kirakozianci“. bolos ki gamoCenila, rom es ymawvili gvarad 

yofila – babulaSvili da saxelad mixo rqmevia“. somexi 

sasuliero pirebis Semosevas qarTveli mosaxleobis grigorianul 

sarwmunoebaze gadasayvanad masobrivi, gegmazomieri 

xasiaTi hqonda da imarTeboda eCmiaZinidan. amas xels uwyobda 

wesi: somexi mdidari moqalaqe qarTveli Tavadis mamuls 

rom SeiZenda, qarTveli glexi TiTqos valdebuli iyo, axali 

mepatronis sarwmunoebaze gadasuliyo; somex mRvdel-msaxurTa 

energiuli RonisZiebebi („krestni xodebi“) qarTul 

mosaxleobaSi, maTi mosyidvebi, sxvadasxva gziT gadabireba 

aiolebda qarTuli mosaxleobis somxuri samRvdeloebis 

xelSi Cavardnas. –b.-s publikaciebidan viciT, rom rusis 

mTavroba amgvar qmedebas kanoniT krZalavda, magram es akrZalva 

qaRalds iqiT ar midioda. piriqiT, XIX saukuneSi rusuli 

administracia qarTveli da somexi mosaxleobis gaTiSvasa 

da dapirispirebas xels uwyobda da qarTvelTa grigorianul 

sarwmunoebaze gadasvlas axalisebda kidec. adre ki, 

XVIII saukunis bolos, daviT batoniSvilis sakanonmdeblo 

aqtiT _ „somxebs arc erTi saxiT ar eZlevaT neba gabatonebuli 

religiis _ qarTuli marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis 

adamianebisaTvis Tavis sarwmunoebaze moqcevis“ (g. maisuraZe 

– „vin arRvevs keTilmezoblur tradicias”, gaz. „literaturuli 

saqarTvelo“, 1992 w. 22 maisi). 

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, am ramdenime wlis win qvemo qarTlis 

mosaxleobis nawilma, romelTac kargad axsovT TavianTi 

qarTveloba, aRidgines qarTuli gvarebi da marTlmadidebeli 

sarwmunoeba. amas mohyva b-n p. muradianis sakmaod mZafri 

uaryofiTi reaqcia („qarTveli grigorianebi, miTi da realoba“, 

gaz. „epoqa“, 1990 w. #8).

86 87 

amrigad, qarTuli eklesiebis miTviseba gaxldaT pirveli 

etapi, rasac aucileblad mohyveboda meore _ am eklesiebis 

irgvliv mcxovreb qarTvelTa grigorianul sarwmunoebaze 

gadabireba. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom hujabis cnobili taZris qarTulobaze 

araerTi statia gamoqveynda, somxebma is mainc miiTvises. 

hujabis taZari aris XIII saukunis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis 

Zegli (q. abaSiZe, k. xaraZe, ak. gelovani da sxva). kidev 

ufro samwuxaro is aris, rom hujabis taZris dapatronebis 

mizniT somxeTis sazRvari 400 metriT aris gadmoweuli, 

raTa hujabis qarTuli samonastro kompleqsi somxeTis 

teritoriaze moxvedriliyo (k. xaraZe _ „Zeglis namdvili 

memkvidre“, gaz. „ax. komi“. 1988 w. 15 oqtomberi). rac Seexeba 

hujabis saaRmSeneblo qarTul warweras, igi somxebs gaunadgurebiaT 

jer kidev gasul saukuneSi. amis Sesaxeb cnobas 

gvawvdis 1896 wlis Jurn. „mwyemsi“. es informacia qarTul 

Jurnals gadmoubeWdia „Ìîñêîâñêèå âåäîìîñòè“-dan» [2]. 

ai, kidev magaliTebi somexTa saqmeTa: 

«somxuri warweris arseboba ama Tu im eklesiis kedelsa 

da freskaze b-n karapetians am eklesiis somxurobis utyuar 

sabuTad miaCnia. es Tu ase ar aris, maSin rogor unda gavigoT 

is faqti, rom ruka-cnobarSi aqvs Setanili: „udabnos klde- 

Si nakveTi (daviT-gareji) eklesia, XVI s.“; „udabnos kldeSi 

nakveTi ekvderi IX-XV ss.“. es somxuri warwerebi rom piligrimulia, 

safuZvlianad daamtkica prof. m. qavTariam („daviT 

garejis literaturuli skola“, Tbilisi, 1965). 

somex avtorTa gamokvlevebSi, qvemo qarTlis an samcxejavaxeTis 

qarTuli toponimis, an istoriuli Zeglis ganmartebisas, 

xSirad sagangebod miuTiTeben am regionebSi Zveli 

saflavis qvebze somxuri warwerebis arsebobaze. amiT 

araorazrovnad mianiSneben am Zeglis an mxaris viTom somxurobaze. 

Cveni azriT, am SemTxvevaSic ar aris gamoricxuli 

am qvebis somxuri warwerebis falsifikacia. amis safuZvels 

gvaZlevs isev „moskovskie vedomostis“ (1896 w., 6 ianvari) 

aseTi cnoba _ „erT ZvelisZvel da miviwyebul sasaflaoze 

qarTvelebis erT eklesiasTan, kuCenbaxis minis qarxnis axlos 

(dmanisis raioni), bolo xanebSi gaCnda sul axali 

fiqalebi, somxuri warwerebiT“. es faqti naTlad gviCvenebs, 

rom adgili hqonda nayalbevi somxuri warweriani qvebis 

motanas da dadebas an miwaSi Caflvas ama Tu im qarTuli 

istoriuli Zeglis irgvliv, raTa Semdgom somxurad gamoecxadebinaT. 

aseT ukeTur saqmes dResac eweva zogierTi somexi. 

1990 wels marneulis sofel axkerfSi mdgari qarTuli 

batalionis ufrosobas miuRia informacia, viRaca kaci zurg- 

CanTiT diliT modis soflis axlo mdebare Zvel qarTul 

bazilikaSi da saRamomde iq rCebao. wasulan da unaxavT – 

qarTuli bazilikis saZirkveli gauTxria viRac somexs, romelic 

TxrilSi Camdgari, saZirkvelze qvemodan mesame qvaze kveTda 

somxur saaRmSeneblo warweras... am soflis erT moxuc 

qarTvels SeuCivlia batalionis ufrosisaTvis – es pirveli 

SemTxveva ar aris, Semogzavnili somxebi xSirad Wrian 

somxur warwerebs Zvel qarTul eklesiebzeo. aRar Sevudgebi 

imis mtkicebas, Tu visi davalebiT da ra mizniT tvifraven 

somxebi qarTul istoriul Zeglebze somxur warwerebs. faqti 

erTia: aseTi uzneo saqcielis Sedegi Cvens xelTaa - qvemo 

qarTlis, samcxe-javaxeTis da sxva mxareTa mravali Zveli 

qarTuli eklesia axla „somxuradaa“ gatanili b-n s. karapetianis 

mier Sedgenil ruka-cnobarSi. 

dRes gansakuTrebiT mZime demografiuli mdgomareobaa 

samcxe-javaxeTSi. i. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, 1829-1830 wlebamde 

samcxe-javaxeTSi 95% qarTvelebi yofilan. magram 1829 wels 

mefis ruseTis administraciam, kerZod, mdidari somxebis mier 

mosyiduli general paskeviCis TaosnobiT erzerumidan Camoasaxles 

somxebis 20000 ojaxi. aq mcxovrebi ZirZveli qarTveli 

mosaxleoba ki aiZules, gaqceuliyo. maT neba ar misces 

sakuTar miwaze cxovrebisa. ase xelovnurad Seicvala demografiuli 

Tanafardoba samcxe-javaxeTSi somxebis sasargeblod. 

aq mosul somxebs, ise, rogorc walkaSi (TrialeTSi), 

daxvdaT qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi da Cveulebisamebr daiwyes 

maTi dapatroneba (Jur. „mogzauri“, 1901, #8-9).

88 89 

amaze mwared moTqvams am mxaris mkvidri, swavluli da 

sazogado moRvawe ivane gvaramaZe: „zogierTni somexni ar dasjerdnen 

Cvens mama-papebis sisxliT dacul poxier miwa-wyals, misgan 

miRebul mraval sikeTe-simdidresa, gaZRnen, gaRonierdnen, 

gaimagres urTierTobisagan zurg-mxari da uwyes ngreva Cven 

saTayvano eklesia-monastrebsa _ sadac SeZles, daisakuTres, 

xucuri warwerebi waSales da TavianTeburs jRabna dauwyes 

ara marto eklesiebzed, igive naoxar soflebis lodebze da 

qvebzed. sadac ver gaitanes, xeliT eklesiebi, naweri, naxati 

qvebi daglijes da sasaflaoebi dalewes. bevrgan qarTuli 

warweriT sasaflaoebi dalewes, ekklesiebis Zveli sasaflaoebi 

daTxares da Zvlebi Rele-xevebSi gadayares. dRemdis qurTebi, 

Turqebi, Taraqamebi, mahmadianebi krZalviT da pativiscemiT epyrobian 

Cven ekklesiebs da zogierTi somexTagani ki mtrulad 

gvepyrobian, simarTliT wyinobs kldia (werilebis avtoris 

fsevdonimi-a.u.) maT daundoblobasa mRvdliT eramdis, magram 

gamgoni ara gvyavs, Tbilissac isakuTreben, aspinZa da abasTumani 

raRa saxsenebelia?..~ (Jur. „mogzauri“, 1901, 11, gv 1035- 

1036). qarTvel mamuliSvilTa mcdelobam arc qvemo qarTlSi, 

arc qarTl-kaxeTSi da arc samcxe-javaxeTSi nayofi ar gamoiRo 

da mikerZoebis seni Tavisi gziT wavida. es Cans Tundac 

xsenebuli mxareebis ruka-cnobarSi Setanili gasomxurebuli 

eklesiebis magaliTze» [2]. 

«Tu rogor angrevdnen Zvel qarTul eklesiebs, mis lamazad 

Tlil qvebs da masalad iyenebdnen axali somxuri eklesiebis 

asagebad, amis Sesaxeb mravali cnoba moipoveba. erT-erTi maTgani 

ekuTvnis iv. rostomaSvils _ „sofeli arakali (araqali), didi 

arakali, mdebareobs axalqalaqidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, daaxloebiT 

20 versze, mdinare Tavfaravnis maRal marcxena napirze. 

aq axla erzerumidan gadmosaxlebuli somxebi cxovroben. adre 

qarTvelebs ucxovriaT. Zveli qarTuli eklesia axalmosulebs 

(somxebs) daungreviaT da mSvenieri qvebiT auSenebiaT TavianTi 

somxuri eklesia. Zveli qarTuli eklesiis narCenebidan aris 

didi qva warweriT _ „Tevdore wmidai...“ (Àõàëêàëàêñêèé óåçä â 

àðõåîëîãè÷åñêîì îòíîøåíèè, Òèôëèñ, 1898, ñ. 35). amave naSrom- 

Sia jigraSeni: „aq aris Zveli qarTuli eklesia, romelic Tavis 

qarTul sasaflaosTan erTad somxebs Tavisad uqceviaT...“. am 

gasomxurebul eklesiaze iv. rostomaSvils unaxavs qarTuli 

warwera – „qriste Seiwyalen amSenebelni...“ (gv. 54). sofel 

kulalaSi cxovrobdnen somxebi da TaTrebi. „am sofelSi aqamde 

Semonaxulia Zveli cixe koSkiTa da Zveli eklesiiT, somxebis 

mier samrevlod gadakeTebuliT“ (gv. 75). saTxes Zveli 

qarTuli eklesiis nangrevebis samxreT kedelTan „saTxis amJamindel 

macxovrebel somxebs miuSenebiaT Tavisi sakmaod lamazi 

eklesia“ (gv. 105)» [2]. 

gulgrilad ver waikiTxav udrood daRupuli istorikosisa 

da sasuliero piris, giorgi boWoriZis monografias 

„mogzauroba samcxe-javaxeTSi“ (1992 w.), sadac mravali faqtia 

moyvanili somxebis mier qarTuli naSTebis iavarqmnisa 

da moSTobisa. «magaliTad, udes wm. giorgis patara, erTnaviani 

eklesiis Sesaxeb igi wers: dasavleTi fanjara SekeTebulia 

da zeviT udevs mcire qva somxuri warweriT, rac 

ganaxlebis dros aris dadebuli (gv.64). giorgi boWoriZes 

80 wlis moxuc iakob balaxiSvilisagan Seutyvia, rom sofel 

wyalTbilas somxuri skolis Senobis kedelSi Catanebulia 

fetobenidan Camotanili mefe-dedoflis gamosaxulebiani da 

warweriani qvao» [2]. mkvlevari swrafad wasula da, didi 

winaaRmdegobebis miuxedavad, mainc upovia skolis karis Tavze 

Catanebuli, Sekiruli sarkmelis Tavis 2 qva, CamouRia da ris 

vai-vaglaxiT valeSi Cautania. kiris Camorecxvis Semdeg maTze 

aRmoCnda SesaniSnavi qandakeba da gadafxekili qarTuli warwera: 

12 striqoniani warweridan jvris qvemoT mxolod 3-4 

aso dutovebiaT dauzianebeli. 

«tendencia aSkaraa _ waSalon, afxikon qarTulis mauwyeblobis 

yovelgvari niSani da mere Tavisad gamoacxadon. saocaria, 

ician, rom mosulebi arian, ician, rom maTi ar aris esa Tu 

is istoriuli Tu araistoriuli Zegli, magram mainc Tavis 

sakuTrebad acxadeben. am dros berZnebs, ebraelebs da sxvebs 

aseTi usafuZvlo pretenziebi arasodes ganucxadebiaT. akad. n. 

berZeniSvili miuTiTebs fokas eklesiis warwerebis faqtze da

90 91 

dasZens: „aseTi borotmoqmedebis samwuxaro magaliTebi Cven 

sxvaganac gvxvdeba javaxeTSi“ (saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, 

1967, t. I, gv. 248). 

isev giorgi boWoriZes mivyveT: „qvaze warwera gangeb aris 

gadafxekili raRac iaraRiT“, laparakia sofel agariswyaros 

warwerian qvebze. „axalcixeSi wm. stefanosis ori eklesia 

aris _ erTi axalcixis daramahlas ubanSi. awindel somxuri 

stefanosis eklesiis adgilas Zvelad qarTvelebis eklesia 

yofila, somxuri eklesia axalia~ (gv. 166). giorgi boWoriZe 

SeniSnavs: „axalcixis surb-niSanis eklesia, axali Senoba, aSenebulia 

qarTuli eklesiis adgilas“. 

akad. eq. TayaiSvilis, akad. s. jiqias, iv. gvaramaZis, iv. rostomaSvilis, 

vinme „xucesis“ (Cveni varaudiT mose janaSvilis) 

da sxvaTa uamravi monacemiT _ samcxe-javaxeTSi, TrialeTSi 

(walka), qvemo-qarTlSi (gogarani) mosuli somxebi adgilze 

daxvedril qarTul eklesiebs usircxvilod daepatronnen da 

gaasomxures. ai, ratom moefina nawvimarze amosuli sokoebiviT 

saqarTvelos aRniSnul mxareebs „somxuri“ eklesiebi. iyo SemTxveva 

da, arcTu mcire, zogierTi qarTuli eklesia daSales da misi 

masalisagan (lamazad gamoTlili qvebi da sxva) aages axali 

somxuri eklesiebi. 

obieqturi suraTis warmosaCenad mizanSewonilad miviCnieT 

movitanoT saqarTvelos centralur arqivSi daculi somxuri 

eklesiebis ricxvi raionebis mixedviT: _ bogdanovka (ninowminda) 

– 16 (1911-1916), axalcixe _ 10 (1911-1916), axalqalaqi _ 31 

(1911-1916), gurjaani _ 5 (1911-1915), xaSuri-qareli _ 4 (1911- 

1918), Telavi _ 8 (1911-1918), gori _ 10 (1912-1918), walka _ 10 

(1911-1919), gardabani _ 10 (1911-1920), dmanisi _ 2 (1920), 

bolnisi _ 2 (1911), marneuli -_ 4 (1911-1916), siRnaRi _ 5 

(1911-1921), TeTriwyaro _ 11 (1911-1918). aRniSnul wlebSi es 

eklesiebi moqmedebdnen (sinodaluri Canawerebi, fondi 489, aRwera 

12). 

faqtia isic, rom 1800-1900 wlebSi (sxva wlebSic – a.u.) 

agebul zogierT somxur eklesias aSenebis TariRi ar uzis da 

miTiTebulia mxolod axlad (kvlav, meored) aSenebis weli. es 

garemoebac, aRniSnul faqtebTan erTad, iZleva safuZvels, vi- 

fiqroT, rom eklesiebi iyo qarTuli da amitom maTi Tavdapirveli 

aSenebis TariRs ruka-cnobarSi Segnebulad aqvs avlili 

gverdi» [2]. 

calke sakiTxia kaTolike misionerTa (papistebis) moRvaweoba 

saqarTveloSi, maTi prozelituri saqmianoba, maT mier 

daarsebuli monastrebi da aSenebuli eklesiebi. maTi qmedebani 

iseTi agresiulobiT ar gamoirCeoda, rogorc somxebis, magram 

gvaqvs araerTi faqti papistebis mier marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis 

dasakuTrebisa. zogierTi maTgani dRes sadaoTa ricxvs 

ganekuTvneba. ruka-cnobaris avtorma, b-nma s. karapetianma, 

TanamoZme somex kaTolikeTa agresiuli xazi gaagrZela, 

saqarTveloSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela kaTolikuri eklesia 

somxurad gamoacxada da Seitana Tavis ruka-cnobarSi, maT Soris 

saxalxo damcvelis mier dasaxelebuli eklesiebi, kerZod ivlitasa 

da udeSi. magaliTisaTvis, ivlitaSi eklesia Zvelad mar- 

Tlmadidebluri iyo _ amis damamtkicebeli qva taZris kedel- 

Si dResac arsebobs, Semdeg igi kaTolikeebma miitaces, bolos 

marTlmadideblebma daibrunes. axla kaTolikebi isev edavebian. 

magram, rogorc irkveva, masze pretenzias somxebic acxadeben: 

ivlitas eklesia b-n s. karapetians ruka-cnobarSi somxurada 

aqvs Setanili. saxalxo damcveli ki am taZris kaTolikeebisTvis 

dabrunebas moiTxovs. igive suraTia udes da sxva eklesiebTan 

mimarTebaSi. rogorc vxedavT, qarTul marTlmadideblur 

eklesiebs sxva konfesiisa Tu juris xalxi itacebs da 

xSirad erTmaneTsac ecilebian. 

„mwyemsi~, „mwyemsi~, 1887, 1887, #2 

#2 

„Tbilisidgan~ 

„Tbilisidgan~ 

«...sofel TeleTSi aris wm. giorgis ekklesia, romelic 

DdRes somxebs ekuTvnis. 1795 wlamde es ekklesia qarTvelebisa 

iyo. am wm. giorgis ekklesiaSi saqarTvelos bevri kuTxeebidam 

daiareba salocavad qarTveli eri da didi Sesawiric 

Sedis am somxis ekklesias qarTvelebisagan. am ekklesiis 

wmida giorgis xatze aris warwera, romelic mowmobs, rom es 

xati Seuwiravs am ekklesiisTvis erT qarTvel monazons.

92 93 

umetesi nawili am soflis mcxovrebTa qarTvelebia. somxebi 

Zalian mcire nawils Seadgenen. aqauri somxebi, garda zne- 

CveulebiT, mTlad qarTvelebi arian. dRemdis am sofelSi 

mcxovreb qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris didi siyvaruli 

sufevda Turme, magram dRes es mSvenieri damokidebuleba 

Secvlila. amis mizezi yofilan TviT aqauri somxis mRvdlebi, 

romelTac saidumlod aRukrZalavT aqauri somxebisaTvis 

qarTvel glexebTan misvla-mosvla. 

am sofelSi somxis mRvdlebs dauarsebiaT skola. skola- 

Si swavla swarmoebs somxurs enaze, romelic srulebiT ar 

ician aqaurma somxebma.... (somexi mRvdlebi _ a. u.) mecadineoben, 

rom somxebma qarTvelebis ekklesiaSi ar iaron.... am 

mizniT isini ekklesiebs im wmindanis saxelebs arqmeven, romlebSic 

dRes somxebi daiarebian salocavad ... gvikvirs, rom 

wm. barbare arc ki hyavT somxebs TavianT wmindanebSi da 

ekklesia ki am wmindanis saxelze gaakeTes. 

mcxeTaSic somxebma aaSenes ekklesia sveticxovelis saxelobaze 

da isini imave dRes uqmoben, romel dResac qarTvelebi 

dResaswauloben sveticxovlobas. somxis mRvdlebs amiT 

undodaT, rom somxebs am dRes ar evloT mcxeTis soboroSi, 

magram somxebi mainc daiarebian Cvens ekklesiaSi. erTi sityviT, 

somxis mRvdlebi mecadineoben, rom TavianT ekklesiebs 

im wmindanis saxelebi daarqvan, romelTa saxelze aRSenebulia 

is ekklesiebi, romelTa dReobazec daiarebian salocavad 

somxebi». 

„iveria~, „iveria~, „iveria~, 1902w. 1902w. #253 

#253 

„cxinvali~ 

„cxinvali~ 

«cxinvalis maxloblad, sofels saxeiToSi, kldis maRlobze, 

uxsovaris droidgan aSenebula ekklesia, esred wodebuli 

„zRuderi“. am ekklesiis gverdze exlaxans somxebsac 

auSenebiaT ekklesia. mamuli, romelzedac aSenebula ekklesiebi, 

aTadan_babadan ekuTvniT Tavad maCablianT. 

zemo dasaxelebul ekklesiebs aTadan-babadan hqonia da 

aqvs erTad-erTi saurme gza somxebis sasaflaoze. am oris 

samis wlis winad xma, krinti aravis dauZravs am gzis miTvisebis 

Sesaxeb da myudroeba iyo damyarebuli somxebsa da qarTvelebs 

Soris. iqneba sruli weliwadi, rac somxebma amoirCies TavianTi 

ekklesiebis mnaTed vasil Sermazanov-Sermanianci, romelsac 

Seujda buzankali da moindoma, gza Seukras qarTvelebs. 

qarTvelebis ekklesia maRlobzea aSenebuli da xsenebul gzis 

garda sxva araviTari misasvlel-mosasvleli gza ar aris. 

TviT mdebareoba Cveni ekklesiisa TvaliT brmasac-ki amcnebs, 

ro, Tu ara zemo aRniSnuli gziT, romelsac ukrZalaven dRes 

somxebi, qarTvelebs arsaidam ar SeuZliaT iq mividnen. 

raki aukrZala somxebis mnaTem gza qarTvelebs, Seiqna 

aliaqoTi da am dRidgan daiwyo qarTvelebisa da somxebis 

Soris ekklesiis gzaze davi-daraba, gaigzavn-gamoigzavna sa- 

Civrebi, danosebi, Txovnebi. 

18 maiss zRudroba iyo, moawyda didZali xalxi salocavad. 

rasakvirvelia, somxebma ar moiSales TavianTi dev-gmiroba 

da ufro-ki nacar-qeqioba, da ar uSvebdnen xalxs. atyda orontriali 

da is iyo unda dareodnen kidec erT-urTs, ro gaCnda 

adgilobrivi policiis boqauli b-ni yanCaveli, romelmac daa- 

SoSmina xalxi, qarTvelebs misca gza da somxebs mihmarTa 

Semdegi sityvebiT: „ra aris, Tqve dalocvilebo, raze amRvrevT 

xalxs, ar giTxariT, mihmarTeT sasamarTlos, rato ar icdiT, 

gairCes saqme“. Cvenma „Zmebma“ kargad ician, ro araviTari sabu- 

Ti ara aqvT simarTlisa da riTi an rogor mihmarTon?! 

marTali marTali». marTali 

„droeba”, „droeba”, 1881w. 1881w. #273 

#273 

„werili „werili redaqtorTan” 

redaqtorTan” 

redaqtorTan” 

«batono redaqtoro! am xanebSi gardaicvala q. goris 

erTi iqauri moqalaqe somxis sarwmunoebisa ivane amiraRaSvili. 

amis dasaflavebazed warmoiTqva sityva megobarTagan, 

radgan q. gors TiTqmis aravin icis somxuri ena, amis gamo 

sityva iTqva qarTulad da, sxvaTa Soris, Sio daviTaSvilisgan. 

ar gasula ram xani, rom goris mazris ufross mouvida

94 95 

somxebis saeparxio konsistoriidam 19 oqtombris 1881 wlis, 

#3174, mowerili Semdegi qaRaldi rusul enazed: 

„Ãðóçèíî-Èìåðåòèíñêàÿ Àðìÿíî-Ãðèãîðèàíñêàÿ åïàðõ. 

êîíñèñòîðèÿ ïðîñèòú Âàøå Ñèÿòåëüñòâî îòîáðàòü îòú 

Øèî Äàâèäîâà, ñëóæàùàãî ñåêðåòàðåìú ïðè Ãîðîäñêîé 

Óïðàâå, îáúÿñíåíèå âú òîìú: ñú ÷üåãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ îíú 

ñêàçàëú íàäãðîáíîå ñëîâî íà ãðóçèíñêîìú ÿçûêå â 

Àðìÿíñêîé öåðêâè ïðè ñîâåðøåíèè ïàíèõèäû íàä 

óìåðøèì Èâàíîì Àìèðàãîâûìú, ò.å. ïðîñèëú-ëè îò êîãî 

è ïîëó÷èëú-ëè íà ýòî ðàçðåøåíèå, è îòú êîãî èìåííî; 

êàêîâîå îáúÿñíåíèå ïðèñëàòü âú êîíñèñòîðèþ“. 

amgvarma qaRaldma mravalni Seiyvana gancvifrebaSi. nuTu, 

rogorc miiRo mometebulma nawilma goris mcxovrebelTa, 

marTla unda Cven es qaRaldi ise avxsnaT, rom somxebis 

samRvdeloebas sawyenad aqvs, rom qarTvelT qalaqSi qarTvel 

moqalaqes uTxres qarTuli sityva?! me es ar mjera, rom 

aqamdis mieRwios im xalxis sasuliero wodebas, romlisTvisac 

qarTvel xalxs gauRia guli, saxli da Tavis mamulSi Seufarebia 

Tavi da uxsnia mtrisagan aTasgvarad da daucavs 

sakuTari sisxliT!». 

«qarTuli ekklesiebis miTviseba, maTi Zveli warwerebis 

warxocva, mis nacvlad somxuris warwera da qarTuli saxsovrebis 

damaxinjeba somxebis mier, axali gagoneba ar aris: es 

ganvlil saukuneebSiac uqmniaT da axlac xels ar iReben 

amnair barbarosul qmedebazec. amis faqtebs vaxuSti Tavis 

geografiaSi calsaxad gviCvenebs da Cvenma mwerlebma araerTxel 

amoiRes xma am usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg. ai, sxvaTa Soris, 

ravdeni eklesiebi daiCemes da maTSi qarTuli warwerebi 

gaaqres: tfilisSi meidanis Tavze yofila patara gumbaTiani 

ekklesia, wminda nikolozis eklesia, dRes jigraSenis ekklesiad 

wodebuli, avlabris xidis iqiT myofi isnis ekklesia, 

feTxaimis ekklesiisa, Zvelad beTlemis RvTismSoblad wodebuli, 

tfilisis axlos TeleTis RvTismSoblis ekklesia, 

romelic erekle mefis saxlis ezoSi yofila. am dasakuTrebul 

ekklesiebSi yvela qarTuli warwera warxocili da 

damaxinjebulia da maT adgilas somxuria Cawerili. 

gasuli saukunis 80-an wlebSi gaxmaurebula erTi ambavi. 

Turme Tbilisis nersesianis seminariis mowafeebi TavianT 

pedagogebs SabaT-kviras mihyavdaT Tbilisis axlo-maxlo 

midamoebSi viTom istoriuli Zeglebis dasaTvaliereblad. 

sinamdvileSi ki qarTul eklesiebze warweril qarTuli epigrafikis 

nimuSebs anadgurebdnen. 

zogierTi somxis mier Cadenili aseTi barbarosobis faqti 

moaqvs mari broses _ „varZiis... kldis qveiT erTi somxis 

sofelia, sadac ipoveba erTi Zriel Zveli ekklesia da 

romlisac zedwarwerebi gangeb daumaxinjebiaT“. gansakuTrebuli 

movlenaa (qarTuli warwerebis warxocva), Suagul 

saqarTveloSi, TviTon adgilze, romlebic yvela eWvis gared 

qarTvelebisa yofila» [4]. 

«...iZulebulni varT gavixsenoT, rom ekklesiebis CamomrTmeveli 

da mimTvisebeli Cven-ki ara varT, aramed TviT somxebi 

arian. amaT esreTi tacva-glejaobis saqme marto axla-ki ara, 

gasul saukunebSiac daiwyes. vaxuSti Tavis geografiul aRweraSi 

asaxelebs bevrs ekklesiebs, romlebic somxebs 

dausakuTrebiaT. esreT usamarTlo saqmes, ekklesiebis 

dasakuTrebas, dRevandlamde Cadiodnen, rais gamo Cvenma gazeTebmac 

bevr gzis gamoaqveynes maTi moqmedeba. (ixile „iveria“ 

1899 wl. ##149, 154, 239; 1900 wl. ## 98, 122, 155; 1901 

wl. #273; _ ixile egreTve mogzauri 1901w. #11, gv. 1046, 

_48 _49).Aamas xom dRes aqnobamde Cadian da TviT qvanic-ki 

RaRadeben maT winaaRmdeg. xolo somxebis Tavgasuloba iqamde 

midis, rom TviT esreT cxadzed ucxades faqtebsac-ki 

uaryofen. ai, gazeTi „nor-dari“ 1902w. #115, rogor aqarwylebs: 

„rogorc somexTa da qarTvelTa daaxlovebis momxres, 

guli mikvdeba xolme, rodesac qarTul gazeTebSi vkiTxulob: 

ama da am sofelSi somxebma qarTvelebis ekklesia miiTvises, 

ama da am nangrevebs qarTuli warwera Camoacales da sanacvlod 

somxuri gaukeTeso“ da sx. da sx. . . . ar vici, es ra 

ambavia? verafriT amixsnia da amitom dajerebac meZneleba. da, 

an rogor unda davijero, rodesac somxeTSi imodena siZveleT 

araviTar yuradRebas ar aqceven? yurad uReblobiT

96 97 

ingreva, miwasTan swordeba TviT aqamde mkvidrad mdgomi monastreb-ekklesiebic-ki!…. 

. siZveles da nangrevebs viRa Civis, 

rodesac eCmiaZinis cxvir winve somxebi aTasobiT stoveben 

TavianT mSobel eklesias, im eklesias, romelic aTas eqvsas 

welze metia gulSi ixutebda, loTrangTa sarwmunoebas uerTdebian 

da, rac ufro samwuxaroa, _ TavianT mSobel ersac-ki 

mtrad uxdebian! . . “. „cnobis furceli“ 1902w. #1912~ [4]. 

„nor-daris“ igive publikacias [2]-Si ramdenadme gansxvavebuli 

komentari aqvs: 

«zogierTi somxis amgvari moqmedeba imdenad SemaZrwunebeli 

yofila, rom, aramc Tu qarTuli, TviT somxuri gazeTi 

„nor-daric” ki aRSfoTebula. ai, ras wers igi: (avtors 

mohyavs „nor-daridan” exlaxan moxmobili citata da agr- 

Zelebs citirebas). 

„da amis Semdeg, gana, neba ara maqvs somex moRvaweT mivmarTo 

Semdegi kiTxviT: marTla arian imisTana vaJbatonebi, 

romlebic somexTa warsulis naSTebis miwasTan gasworebas 

da moZmeTa sarwmunoebis gamocvlas gulgrilad Sescqerian 

da imav dros sxvaTa eklesiebs isakuTreben?... da, Tu arian 

amisTanebi, somexTa umravlesoba maT moqmedebas ra TvaliT 

uyurebs? saWiroa es vicodeT, radgan Cven gvinda, rom 

qarTvelebma da somxebma Zmurad da erTobiT vicxovroT. 

warsulis Secdomebi gavasworoT da ukeTesi momavlisaTvis 

vizrunoT. diax, gvinda da sasurvelic aris, magram zemoT 

xsenebuli da mravali maggvari mizezi erTobis saqmes win 

eRobeba da urTierTobas amwvavebs“ (gaz. „cnobis furceli“, 

1902 w., #1912). am werils xels awers _ „axalgazrda 

somexi“. Cans, rom igi didebuli mamuliSvilia, magram es mas 

saqarTvelosadmi pativiscemaSi xels ar uSlis, radgan igi 

jansaRad da obieqturad afasebs zogierTi somexis ukeTur 

saqciels da cdilobs, amxilos amgvar vaJbatonTa mier qarTuli 

eklesiebis miTvisebis faqtebi im dros, roca somxuri 

istoriuli Zeglebi uyuradRebod yofila mitovebuli» [2]. 

«...i. kanadpevi, romelic kavkasiaSi 20 weli cxovrobda, 

1902 wels peterburgSi gamocemul wignSi aRniSnavda, rom 

somxebi qarTvelebis kuTvnil 7-8 aTas maneTad Rirebul 

saxlebs 200-300 maneTad igdebdnen da am saqmeSi gansacvifrebel 

virtuozobas iCendneno 6 . mohyavs ra imis magaliTebi, 

Tu rogori maqinaciebiT igdebdnen somxebi masobrivad xel- 

Si qarTul qonebas Calis fasad, askvnis: „ai, aseT Sedegs 

miaRwia somexma erma, romelic arasodes yofila saqarTvelos 

mkvidri mosaxleoba“. i. kanadpevma saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis 

periodSi isic kargad SeamCnia, rom somxebi kolosaluri 

simdidris SeZenasTan erTad, cdilobdnen yovelive 

qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis waSlas da maT 

miTvisebas. igi miuTiTebs imis Sesaxeb, rom somxebma ramodenime 

marTlmadideblur taZarSi gaanadgures qarTuli 

warwerebi, Secvales ganadgurebuli warwerebi somxuri warwerebiT 

da qarTuli taZrebi somxur-grigorianul taZrad 

gadaakeTes» [23]. 

«am dokuments miakvlia sergo vardosaniZem da gamoaqveyna 

Tavis monografiaSi. giorgi leoniZe werda _ `gare kaxeTSi 

sxva eklesiebTan erTad daketes uZvelesi ninowmindis sakaTedro 

taZari, saidanac, sxva nivTebTan erTad, sagarejos revkomma 

gaitana ori uZvelesi xati: wminda ninos saswaulTmoqmedi 

xati, Sewiruli arCil mefisgan, da wminda ninos vercxliT 

moWedili da ganaxlebuli XVIII saukuneSi ninowmindel_mitropolit 

saba tusiSvilis mier. orive xati warmoadgens 

did istoriul saunjes da vSiSobT, rom ucodinarobis 

gamo SeiZleba sagarejos revkomma moxsnas am xatebs 

samkaulebi da CuqurTmebi. gTxovT, miiRoT zomebi maT gadasarCenad. 

garda amisa, eniselSi arsebobs 20 patara eklesia, 

romelnic savsea istoriuli freskebiT. dRes am eklesieb- 

Si damdgaran somexi ltolvilebi, romlenic Sig cecxls 

anTeben da anadgureben yvelafers» [25]. 

kidev mravali msgavsi faqtis moyvana SeiZleba axlo warsulidan. 

samwuxarod, somexTa mxridan ukanono qmedebebi 

dResac grZeldeba, raSic maT, xSirad, rusebic exmarebian: 

6 È. Ê. Êàíàäïåâ. Î÷åðêè Çàêàâêàçñêîé æèçíè. Áàêó, 1990. ñ 66

98 99 

„sapatriarqos „sapatriarqos uwyebani~, uwyebani~, uwyebani~, 2002 2002 w, w, #36 

#36 

amave dros, akaki SesaSuri obieqturobiT ekideboda da 

„marTlmadidebluri „marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ enciklopediis~ Sesaxeb. 

Sesaxeb. 

afasebda yvela ers: aqebda somxebis gamorCeul Tvisebebs da 

«moskovSi gamocemuli „marTlmadidebluri enciklopedi- 

aZagebda qarTvelTa mraval mankierebas, da amas igi siyvaruis~ 

III tomSi dabeWdilia somexi mecnierebis werilebi imis 

liT akeTebda. 

Sesaxeb, TiTqosda, saqarTvelos qristianuli kulturis um- 

ilia da akaki somexTmoZuleni ki ara, piriqiT, somexi 

niSvnelovanesi Zeglebi somxuri warmomavlobisaa. xsenebul 

xalxis mexotbenic ki iyvnen. maT surdaT somxebTan keTilm- 

III tomSi daibeWda, aseve, fsevdomecnieruli werilebi, sadac 

ezobluri urTierToba da megobrobdnen kidec maT Rirseul 

Cveni istoriis gamoCenili qarTveli saxelmwifo moRvaweebi 

warmomadgenlebTan. didi mamuliSvilebisaTvis damaxasiaTe- 

da istoriuli kuTxeebi somxebad da somxuri saxelmwifos 

belia piruTvnelobisa da keTilmegobrobis TvisebaTa urT- 

Semadgenel nawilebadaa gamocxadebuli». 

ierTSeTavseba. 

«ai, ras wers i. griSaSvili: „sazogadod akaki didi me- 

5. 5. Cven Cven Cven ra ra gvemarTeba, gvemarTeba, rogor rogor vepyrobiT 

vepyrobiT 

gobari iyo sundukianisa... Tavis droze vis ar unaxavs es 

sakuTar sakuTar istorias? istorias? 

istorias? 

moTxrobili ambebis mosmenis Semdeg yovel gulwrfel 

qarTvels Sercxveba, rom igi daviT aRmaSeneblis STamomavalia, 

aTTa bevrTa mowameTa memkvidre da didi ilias Tanamemamulea, 

iliasi, romelic samSoblosaTvis brZolaSi mowamebrivad 

ganiwminda. 

aba, vnaxoT, rogori SemarTeba hqonda ilias moZaladeebTan 

mimarTebaSi: «...Cven vimowmebT imave b-n nikolskis imaSi, Tu ra 

ori adamiani erTad xelkaviT mosiarule rusTavelis prospeqtze? 

vin icis ramdenjer ulaparakiaT da uocnebiaT maT 

am ori xalxis WeSmarit Zmur megobrobaze~. 

akaki wereTeli didi mamuliSvili iyo da amitom simar- 

Tles, mware simarTles eubneboda Tavis mSobel ers, radgan 

icoda: moyvares pirSi uZraxe mters pirs ukanao. akaki wereTelma 

xma aRimaRla qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis arakanonieri 

gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg, riTac, pirvel rigSi im- 

Wirveulobas ewevian somexTa mecnierni, rom qvaTa RaRads igi 

ereTidan samuSaos saZebnad Camosuli glexebi iCagrebodnen. 

aTqmevinon, rac TviT hsurT da am saxiT qvebsac ki, qvebsac, 

TbilisSi samuSaod Camosul imerel glexebs daiWerdnen 

TaRliToba gaawevinon, tyvili alaparakon da yurebi gamogvi- 

yaraulebi, ajarimebdnen da qalaqidan aZevebdnen. „Cven vambobT 

Wedon _ „qvebi RaRadebeno...“ rom aq qvebi ki ar hRaRadeben, 

im ijaris Taobaze, _ wers akaki werilSi, _ romelic qalaqis 

styuian somexTa gacuRlutebuli mecnierni da sxva amisTane- 

gamgeobam miando moskovis universitetis students (?) u. 

bi... ise ki RmerTma moaxmaroT TavianTi qeba-dideba, magram 

gurgenbegovs da romlis ZaliTac sawyal imerlebsa da muSa 

Cvenis miTvisebas, nuras ukacravad, ver SevarCenT, ver dav- 

qarTvelebs uwyalod hglejen. warsul wels gazeTma „droeanebebT 

da amaSi, imedia, yvela WkuaTmyofeli somexi dagveTbam~ 

da „Tfilisis moambem~ bevrjel miaqcies qalaqis gamanxmeba!... 

» [3]. 

geobis yuradReba, magram gamgeobas yuri ar gaupartyunebia da 

aseTive piruTvneli iyo ilias TanamebrZoli da WeSmari- 

moijareebi Tavisas ar iSlidnen. es moaswavebs, rom gamgeoba 

ti mamuliSvili, akaki wereTeli. igi SemarTebiT ibrZoda 

moqmedebas TanaugrZnobs, Torem rogor ar gansazRvra moijaris 

rogorc Cveni qveynis istoriis, ise Tavisi Tanamedrove qarTvel- 

ufleba sabralo muSebis Sesaxeb? aq mxolod qarTvelebis 

Ta uflebebis dasacavad. maSindel problemaTagan bevri dResac 

da mosamsaxure Cinovnikebis interesi iCagreba, somxebi arafers 

aqtualuria, Tundac samoqalaqo uflebebis dacvis Tval- 

hkargaven da, vgoneb, misi mizezia, rom qalaqis gamgeoba gulgsazrisiT.rilaT 

uyurebs am aRa-mahmadxanur saqmes~.

100 101 

mwvave polemikuri xasiaTisaa ak. wereTlis statia _ 

„mSakis~ redaqtors~, romelic gamoqveynda 1878 wlis 24 

dekembris „droebis~ erT-erT nomerSi (#265). akaki Tbilisis 

somxur progresul inteligencias, gr. arwrunis meTaurobiT, 

sayvedurobs, marTalia, qalaqis gamgeobis arCevnebSi maT 

xma ar misces mdidari burJuaziuli somxuri sazogadoebis 

warmomadgenlebs, magram maTTan erTad gaaSaves qarTvelebico. 

rogorc Cans, xuTi aTas Tbilisel xelosans arCevnebSi 

gangeb ar miaRebines monawileoba, radgan isini qarTvelebs 

miscemdnen xmaso; meorec, „aq sxva xrikebi iyo, xelosnebSi 

mravali qarTvelia, romelic Tqven ar geprianebaT~, _ wers 

ak. wereTeli. is erTgvarad adarebs qarTveli da somexi 

xalxis erovnul Rirsebebs da SesaSuri piruTvnelobiT 

aRiarebs somexi eris dadebiT Tvisebebs. aseTi aRiareba 

SeeZlo mxolod iseT did mamuliSvils, rogoric akaki 

wereTeli iyo, radgan mSvenivrad xedavda Tavisi eris Svil- 

Ta Rirseba-nakls da ar eSinoda, Tavisi xalxisaTvis simar- 

Tle pirSi eTqva: 

„rom qarTveli ar viyo, didi moyvaruli da pativis mcemeli 

viqnebodi saqarTvelos somxobis! saqarTvelos gareT 

dResac ki momwonan isini, radgan ar SemiZlian, rom maTi 

Rirseba ar davafaso. Zvirad SexvdebiT misTana somexs, romelic 

SeZlebisdagvarad Semweobas ar aZlevs Tavis sazogado 

saqmes. sxvebi rom ar vaxsenoT, isic kmara, rom „araratis~ 

sazogadoebas weliwadSi aTasi TumnobiT Sedis Sesawiravi. 

yvelgan Skolebi da Skolebi! Cven, qarTvelebi, ki gadaqsaqsulni 

varT, saqmeT migvaCnia Cvenive Tavis daufasebloba da 

Cvens Tavs Cvenve davciniT, araTu rames vakeTebT. magram 

qarTveli rom var, arafrad meWaSnikeba qarTvelis gabedniereba 

da es gana Cemi bralia?! vici, rom gakeTebuli, gamdidrebuli 

qarTveli, araTu ar argebs samSoblos, kidec 

azaralebs!....CvenSi rac ram sazogado saqmea, sul Rarib- 

Ratakebis SromiT da SemweobiTaa gakeTebuli da keTdeba~. 

mwared, magram gulistkiviliT naTqvami simarTlea. am simarTliT 

undoda poets Tavisi sayvareli eris gamofxizle- 

ba, raTa mas Cveni drois Sesaferad gamoeCina cxovrebis fxa 

da unari.: 

„ „ra~ da „inCa~ waiCxubnen 

da erTmaneTs Savs uyrian; 

„Cto takoes~ ecineba, 

rom erTmaneTs Zirs uTxrian~. 

miuxedavad zogierTi somxis umadurobisa, ak. wereTeli, 

saerTod, xalxTa megobrobis, miT umetes, qarTvelTa da somexTa 

mravalsaukunovani megobrobis ganmtkicebis momxrea da amasve 

STaagonebs yvelas. 

sagangebo msjelobas imsaxurebs akakis werili: „istoriuli 

ganxilva saxelwodebisa: „armeniis, haiastanis da somxe- 

Tis~, romelic gamoqveynda Jurn. „akakis krebulSi~, 1898, (t. 

V. gv.32-52). akaki aqve SeniSnavs erT, marTlac, gulsatken 

faqts: 

„miuxedavad qarTul-berZnuli istoriis wyaroebisa, somexTa 

istoriam mefis warTmevac ki mogvindoma da didi daviT 

kurapalati Tavis mefed aRiara, rasakvirvelia, im ganZraxviT, 

rom qveyana daerwmunebina: Tu mefe Cveni iyo, maSasadame, misi 

samflobelo _ taos kari anu axlandeli Woroxis xeobac 

sasomxeTi yofilao. momavlis gasakvlevad sxvisi warsulis 

misakuTreba da misive yofilis uaris yofa upirveles xerxad 

uWiravs xelSi. guSin ar iyo, rom maTi mecnieri-patkanovi 

amtkicebda: qarTvelebs istoria ar hqoniaT, mxolod meTvramete 

saukuneSi, vaxtangis dros SeTxzes da isic somxur 

zRapridano. 

Zalian Sors wavida prof. q. patkanovis „fantazia~, qarTuli 

Zireuli samefo gvari _ bagrationebi. somexi erovnebis 

bagratidebad gamoacxada, Tumca. sjobia, mousminoT mas: 

„Äðåâíûå ðîäîâûå âëàäåíèÿ Áàãðàòèäîâ íàõîäèëèñü â 

îáëàñòè Òàéê ó ×îðîõà. Â ñìåæíîñòè ñ íèìè, ìåæäó ×îðîõîì 

è ðèîíîì, íàõîäèëàñü ñòðàíà, èçâåñòíàÿ â ðàçíûå ýïîõè 

ïîä íàçâàíèåì Êîëõèäû, Ëàçèêèè è Àáõàçèè. Îðàñëü 

Áàãðàòóíè, âñòóïèâ â ðîäñòâåííûå ñâÿçè ñ âëàäåòåëüÿìè 

Àáõàçèè è Ãðóçèè..... VII âåêà óñïåëà íàñòîëüêî óñèëèòüñÿ

102 103 

â ýòèõ ñòðàíàõ, ÷òî îäèí èç åãî ÷ëåíîâ â êîíöå VIII âåêà 

âñòóïèë íà ãðóçèíñêèé ïðåñòîë è òåì ïîëîæèë îñíîâàíèå 

çíàìåíèòîé äèíàñòèè ãðóçèíñêèõ áàãðàòèäîâ (áàãðàòèîíîâ), 

öàðñòâîâàâøèõ äî íà÷àëà òåêóøåãî ñòîëåòèÿ~ (gv. 220-221). 

prof. q. patkanovi Semdeg CamoTvlis somex bagratidTa 

Camomaval cnobil qarTvel mefeebs: daviT aRmaSenebels, giorgi 

III, Tamar mefes da sxvebs, romelTac qarTvelTa erovnuli 

saxelmwifos ganmtkicebasa da ganviTarebaSi udidesi wvlili 

aqvT Setanili. 

magram prof. q. patkanovi aq ar Cerdeba da, ganaviTarebs ra 

Tavis e. w. Sexedulebas, daskvnis saxiT wers: 

„Íå îñòàíàâëèâàÿñü íàä ðàçíûìè íåñîîáðàçíîñòÿìè 

ãåíåàëîãè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Áàãðàòèäîâ, ìû çàìå÷àåì, ÷òî 

ãðóçèíñêèé ëåòîïèñåö (ïî Âàõòàíãó) ïî÷åìó-òî íàõîäèò 

íóæíîé èãíîðèðîâàòü äåéñòâèòåëüíûõ ðîäîíà÷àëüíèêîâ 

ãðóçèíñêèõ Áàãðàòèäîâ, òî åñòü, àðìÿíñêèõ Áàãðàòóíè, 

æèâøûõ â Àðìåíèè èç íåçàïàìÿòíûõ âðåìåí è òàêæå, ïî 

óòâåðæäåíèþ Õîðåíñêîãî, ïåðåñåëèâøèõñÿ èç Ïàëåñòèíû~. 

ìmaTi (somexT mecnierTa) STagonebiT ar iyo, rom grenma 

sajaroT warmoTqva: „Tamar-mefe mxolod somxebisa da osebis 

intrigam dasva taxtze, Tvara im dros, meTormete saukuneSi, 

qarTvelebi mciresa da umniSvnelo, Seugnebel brbos 

warmoadgendneno~ („akakis krebuli~, 1898, #1. gv. 36). 

amaze ufro gaucxarebia akaki zogierTi somxuri JurnalgazeTis 

mcdar damokidebulebas qarTuli enis mimarT: „imaTi 

(somxebis) Jurnal-gazeTebi amtkiceben, rom qarTuli ena Raribia, 

rom rTuli azris gamoTqma SeuZlebelia da sityvebic somxuridan 

miuRiaTo, maSin, rodesac sul sxvas amboben evropelni 

mecnierni da, maT ricxvSi, b. gateirasi, romlis azriT, 

somxuri enis Seswavla ise ver moxerxdeba, Tu ar qarTuli 

enis wyalobiT da saSualebiTo?!~ 

Semdeg akakis moaqvs meeqvse saukuneSi somex-qarTvelTa 

sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis Sedegad miRebuli erTi dokumenti. 

es aris somexTa patriarqis, abraamis mier gamocemuli 

brZaneba, romlis mixedviT somxebsa da qarTvelebs urTierT- 

mezobloba da naTesaoba aekrZalaT... yovelive amis Semdeg 

akakis miaCnia, somxebs qarTvelebisadmi koreqtul damokidebulebas 

ver movTxovTo, da daskvnis saxiT wers: „amis Semdeg 

Cven raRaT unda vecadoT somxebis sindisSi Cagdebas, rom 

msoflio kanons ewinaaRmdegebian da rjuls gatexeno?~ 

akaki Tavisi werilis ZiriTad Sinaarss ase gadmogvcems: 

„Cveni statiis deda azri iyo _ dagvemtkicebina, rom somxebi, 

sadac ara dahkargviaT ra, is undaT daisakuTron, rac maT 

arasodes hqoniaT! es arc axali movlenaa maTi mxriT. Zveladac, 

im TaviTve, ase Cadiodnen: aukuRmarTebdnen TviT istoriasac 

ki, ase rom, maTi istoriuli wyaroebi qarTvelebisa da 

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb sarwmuno ar aris. dResac kidev mTlad 

saqarTvelo sasomxeTad aqvT naCvenebi da cdiloben yvelgan, 

sadac ki xeli miuwvdebaT, qarTvelobis niSanwyali mospon, 

qarTuli kvali moSalon da zed Tvisi dasdvan, winaaRmdeg 

yovelgvari samarTlisa!... da, amitomac, Cveni mxriT, maTdami 

Zmoba-siyvaruls yuradRebasac ar aqceven da maTi mtroba da 

gautanloba Cvendami uZvelesi droidanve momdinareobs. amas 

vamtkicebdiT Cven. es swyenia b-n n. mars da cdilobs, es azri 

daarRvios da rwmena gagviqarwylos~. 

n. mari am naSromSic imeorebs _ TiTqos: „Â ñàìóþ äðåâíóþ 

ïîðó è âïëîòü äî X âåêà ïî Õð. ãðóçèíñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà 

íàõîäèëàñü ïîä çíà÷èòåëüíûì âëèÿíèåì àðìÿíñêîé, 

äîñòàòî÷íî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ïåðâûå ïåðåâîäû áèáëåéñêèõ êíèã 

íà ãðóçèíñêèé ÿçûê áûëè ñäåëàíû ñ àðìÿíñêîãî ÿçûêà, è 

ýòî äîêàçûâàåòñÿ íå àðìÿíàìè, à ó÷åíûìè ñîâåðøåííî 

ðàâíîäóøíûìè ê àðìÿíî-ãðóçèíñêèì ïðåðåêàíèÿì~. 

axla vnaxoT, rogor pasuxobs didi akaki n. mars am umarTebulo 

da safuZvelmoklebul gancxadebas: `naTqvamia, uria, RmerTs 

nu ficulob, da ara, RmerTmanio. misi ar iyos, Cven uarsa 

vhyofT somxur wyaroebs da is kidev misken migviTiTebs, magram 

Cveni mwerlobis Sesaxeb ucxoelebis mowmoba ra saWiroa? 

Cven TviTon ukeT ar unda vicodeT?~. Semdeg akaki laparakobs 

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Sesaxeb da sakmaod Rrma codnasac 

amJRavnebs. igi CamoTvlis Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis nimuSebs

104 105 

da SeniSnavs: „Cvena gvaqvs: erTi aTonis dabadeba, mTawmindelebis 

naTargmni, da meorec, vaxtangisagan slovianurTan Sesworebuli. 

maT garda gvqonia kidev nawyvet-nawyveti dabadebisa 

siriulidan naTargmni, magram gana sirielebi somxebi iyvnen? 

Tu ufali marric erTad dRevandel somex patriotebTan im 

azrze dgas, rom, radgan aisorebi dRes grigolianebi arian, 

gvartomobiTac somxebaT unda CaiTvalono, da ara dRes, Zveladac 

ki, e.i. maSinac ki, rodesac sul sxva sjuli sWeriaTo.~ 

amgvari magaliTebis CamoTvlis Semdeg akaki daaskvnis: „vin 

ar icis, rom Cveni sasuliero literatura mdidaria da, originaluris 

garda, rac gvaqvs naTargmni, is sul berZnulidan 

gvaqvs da ramdenimec slovianuridan, anton kaTalikosis meoxebiT. 

somxuridan ki ar mogveZeveba ra, garda, erTis mxriT, 

kritorebisa, romlis arseboba arc ki ician CvenSi. aba, erTi, 

gviCvenos b-nma marma, ra wignebi gviTargmnia somxuridan? sanam 

amas ar aasrulebs, Cven sruli ufleba gveqneba, vTqvaT, rom bn 

mars, somxur enasa da istoriasTan erTad, maTi xasiaTic 

SeuTvisebia, e. i. sxvisas SeupovraT, usabuTod isakuTrebs da 

Cveniao _ brZanebs. yvelaze ufro is awuxebs b-n marrs, Cven 

Cvens werilebSi mowiwebiT ver movixsenieT misi sasiqadulo 

moZRvari, profesori patkanovi da, viTom, cilic SevwameT. b-ma 

patkanovma erT Tavis TxzulebaSi gadaWriT brZana, rom 

qarTvelebs istoria ar hqoniaT da me-XVIII saukuneSi mefe 

vaxtangma SeTxza da esec somxur zRapridan, romelic erTma 

umecarma berma daswera meTerTmete saukuneSio~. akaki aqve 

SeniSnavs: patkanovs es Secdoma an umecrebiT mouvida, an gangeb 

Caidinao, „or cecxl Sua gamomwyvdeulma patkanovma d. baqraZis 

SeniSvnebi Caylapa da gaCumda, magram mari ki ar Cumdeba da 

mainc kidev gaiZaxis: arao! arc erTi da arc meoreo, patkanovi 

sxvebsaviT patriotulad ar swerdao, radganac is mxolod 

sarwmunoebiT iyo somexi, Torem rusi mecnieri iyoo, da misma 

gamokvlevam mainc naTeli mohfina istoriaso da sxvani~. 

akaki Tavis pirvel werilSi werda: `Cvenma ukanasknelma 

mefeebma isini (somxebi) Sig Suagul saqarTveloSi Semoixiznes 

da, rogorc vaWar-xalxs, omSi gamousadegars, qalaqebi 

Caabares. qarTveli xalxi ki brZolis velze aTen-aRamebda, 

sanam Zlieri ruseTi ar mieSvela da mteri ar CamoiSora! 

daRlili, daqanculi da dawylulebuli qarTvelebi Sin rom 

mobrundnen, ra daxvdaT? is, rom maTi yofa-cxovreba, Semoxiznul 

moZmeT miRebul vaWrebis xelSi iyo da, bodiSis magieraT, 

piriqiT, mediduraT hyvirodnen: `vin xarT da saidan 

modixarTo? Tqven rodi yofilxarT aqao? es yovelTvis 

Cveni yofilao~. dasamtkiceblad qarTvelebisave taZar-monastrebs 

miuTiTes, sadac qarTuli zed-warwera amoefxikaT 

da `daviT-bagratebis~ nacvlad „arSak-marSakebi~ CaeweraT~. 

„nuTu es ar esmis b-n profesor marrs da hgonia, Cven 

mxolod imas vamtkicebdeT, rom somxebs ise sZuldeT qarTuli 

nawerebi, rom, sadac unda naxon, umizezod moSlian? ara, es 

kargad esmis b-n marrsac da, amitomac, bodiSsa hxdis somxobas: 

„amas umecari naswavlebi Svrebian da xalxis ra braliao?~ 

saucxovoa, Tqvenma mzem! ... roca umecrebi Cvens winaaRmdeg 

cuds Cadian, maSin iZaxis b-ni marri _ „eg ra mecnierebis 

braliao?~ roca mecnierebi _ „umecrebma ra qnano?~, roca 

xalxi _ inteligencias ra brali aqvso?~ da roca inteligencia 

_ „xalxs ra moeTxovebao?~ amgvari rameebiT aris gaWedili 

misi statia da, swore mogaxsenoT, Tu ar piradi pativiscema 

b-n marrisadmi, pasuxis Rirsad arasodes gavxdidiT 

am abolakatur mravlismetyvelebas~. 

„bevri sxvadasxva werilebi mogvdis, _ wers poeti, - maT 

ricxvSi sayvedurebiTa da lanZRviTac bevria Sekazmuli da 

am bolo dros muqarasac gviTvlian. madloba RmerTs! im 

xanSi aRara varT, rom qebam agvamCatos da gmobam guli gagvitexos! 

da, rac Seexeba muqaras, iman sicilis meti ra unda 

gamoiwvios Cveni mxriT? `somxebs emterebiT da sdevniT~ _ 

iwerebian.aba, amazea naTqvami: `Seni me miTxari da guli momikalio!~ 

imaTi ra mogaxsenoT da, Cven ki RmerTma nu dagvi- 

Clungos ise grZnoba-goneba, rom romelime eri SeviZuloT da 

misi mtroba gulSi gavivloT~. 

„etyoba, am werilebis mjRabnel vaJbatonebs mter-moyvareoba 

ar esmiT, _ wers akaki, _ maT samarTliani sayveduri

106 107 

mZulvarebis nayofi hgoniaT, gana Zmebi Zmebs da megobrebi 

megobrebs ar esayvedurebian xolme, roca erTi meoreSi usaqcielobis 

rames SeniSnaven da dasaZraxissa xedaven? magram 

vin ityvis, rom es ugulobiTa da siZulviliT mosdiTo?~ 

„imaT rac ar hqoniaT, ras dahkargaven?! magram Cven ki 

6. 6. damatebiTi damatebiTi masala masala me-4 me-4 qveTavisadmi 

qveTavisadmi 

`somexTa `somexTa mamxilebeli mamxilebeli publikaciebi~ 

publikaciebi~ 

(es masala gamocemul wignSi, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, ar aisaxa) 

„iveria”, „iveria”, 1895 1895 w., w., #3, #3, 18 18 maisi, maisi, gv.1-2 

gv.1-2 

gaviWyliteT usamarTloT da amitomac gvmarTebs Tvalis 

gaxela! agiklo, gdevno, Sen naoxarze me gamoviWimo, Sen sicocxle 

wagarTva da me miT movimato, _ es samarTliani 

sityva_pasuxi ar aris! amas arcerTi naciis kanonieri interesi 

ar moiTxovs! es mxoloT veluri, mxecuri instiqtebia 

da Cven ar gvinda, rom amgvari ram somxis nacias SevwamoT!~ 

„ axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazra amJamad dasaxlebulia 

sxvadasxva tomisa da sarwmunoebis xalxiT. aqa scxovroben: 

qarTvelebi (marTlmadideblebi, kaTolikebi da sunitebi), 

somxebi (grigorianebi da kaTolikebi), qurTebi (sunitebi) 

Taraqmebi (sunitebi), rusebi-duxoborebi, berZnebi da ebraelebi. 

„amave azrze unda idges TviT somxobis axal-Taobac da 

uZvelesni mkvidrni mcxovrebni, rasakvirvelia, qarTvelebi arian, 

TviTonve unda uaryon amnairi somxoba. magram, hoi, sakvirvelebav! 

mxolod danarCenni sxvadasxva dros da sxva da sxva qveynidgan 

isini mxolod esarClebian da Cirqs sdeben mTel somxis 

Semosulni da damkvidrebulni. saxeldobr, somxebi Semovidnen 

nacias! axla, Cven vikiTxavT: vin aris mteri somxis naciis da 

am qveyanaSi arzrumis safaSodgan me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi, 

vis sZuls is: Cven, romelsac mZarcvelTa brbo, Cvenze momd- 

Semdgom imisa, rac general paskeviCma 1828 w agvistos 15-s 

gari da CvenSi Semosuli, somxobis warmomadgenlaT ar migvaC- 

aiRo axalcixe da 1829 wlis adrianopolis xelSekrulobiT 

nia, Tu isini, vinc eqomageba?~» [25]. 

mTeli es axlandeli axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazra osmaleTma 

didi ilias memkvidre Tanamedrove qarTveli mecnierebic 

ruseTs dauTmo. 

arisxeben zarebs. «cnobili qarTveli istorikosi akad. marika 

rogorc Cans, somxebi mometebul nawilad dasaxlebulan 

lorTqifaniZe gaognebuli werda: «somxebi acxadeben, rom bana, 

TviT qalaq axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazris soflebSi... 

oSki, xaxuli da sxva Zeglebi somxuria, maT msoflios ase 

somxebi Semovidnen Cvens qveyanaSi, ukeTesi adgilebi daiWires, 

gamoucxades. Cven ra gvemarTeba, ras vuSvrebiT sakuTar is- 

ukeTesad moawyes TavianTi yofa-cxovreba da sxv. yovelive 

torias, sakuTar warsuls?~ (gaz. „asaval-dasavali~, 2002 w., 

ese, rasakvirvelia, CvenTvis sasiamovno da sasixaruloa, amgvari 

#22). marTlac damafiqrebeli sityvebia. gons unda movux- 

warmateba da keTildReoba Cvenis mezoblis xalxisa friad 

moT da istoriis moparvis ufleba aravis mivceT, yalbismqmnelebs 

droze unda mivagoT sakadrisi pasuxi. imeds vitoveb, 

rom paruir muradianis, samvel karapetianisa da msgavsi tendenciurad 

ganwyobili mkvlevarebis gamoxdomebi ver daar- 

Rvevs qarTveli da somexi xalxebis aTas Wir_varamSi gamowrTobil 

mezoblobas da megobrobas» [25]. 

sasiamovnoa da arasodes es garemoeba Cven sawyenad ar unda 

dagvrCes, magram saqme imaSia, rom es mosuli stumari ranairad 

moepyro Taviss gulkeTils da stumarTmoyvare maspinZels – 

qarTvelebs, ranairi damokidebuleba gamoucxada Taviss mxriv 

imas, romlis saxlSiac man ipovna myudro bina da myudrod 

moawyo Tavisi yofa-cxovreba, daafases Tu ara stumarTa 

sikeTe Tvisis maspinZlisa? unda gamogityde gulistkiviliT, 

mkiTxvelo, da giTxra, rom stumarma ar dainaxa da ar daafasa 

gulkeTiloba Tvisis maspinZlisa, unda giTxraT, rom somxebi 

ver moeqcnen qarTvelebs ise, rogorc unda mohqceodnen.

108 109 

xSirad msmenia axalcixis qarTvelebisagan: exla ra aris, 

SedarebiT winandel drosTan bednierebi varTo, winad 

arzrumelebis (aqaurs somxebs arzrumelebs uwodeben, radganac 

arzrumidan arian gadmosaxlebulni) SiSiT quCaSi Tavisuflad 

ver gavidodiT. 

naSTebi Cvenis Zvelis xelovnebisa da ganaTlebisa xom 

lamis aris sul mTlad daisakuTron: erTi nawili Zvelis 

SesaniSnavis qumurdos taZrisa javaxeTSi somxebs TavianT 

ekklesiad aqvT gadakeTebuli da iq asruleben amJamad RvTis 

msaxurebas, taZars Zveli warwerebi aqvs xucurad, mxolod 

saSiSia, rom axlandelma misma patronebma (somxebma) ar gaaqron 

igi. Cvens mier taZris daTvalierebis dros movida adgilobrivi 

somxis mRvdeli CvenTan da gviCvena taZris SigniT erTi qva, 

romelic naxevarzed kedelSia datanebuli da naxevradRave 

sCans. Tumca Cven ver gavarCieT sibnelis gamo, zedwarwera 

aris Tu ara, magram TviTon mRvdelma dagvarwmuna, rom es qva 

warweriliani ariso, mxolod warwera naxevradRave sCanso. 

eWvi ar aris, rom es qva SemdegSia Catanili kedelSi, rodesac 

somxebs TavianTTvis mouwyviaT aq eklesia. 

es garemoeba imas gvafiqrebinebs, rom SeiZleba danarCeni 

warweriliani qvebiT somxebma amgvaradve Caatanon sadme kedelSi, 

an sruliad mospon zedwarwerebi da amgvarad samudamod 

dagvikargon istoriuli masala. 

kidev kargia, qumurdos taZars kidev SerCenia qarTuli 

warwerebi, Torem somxebi pirdapir gvetyodnen, es ekklesia 

Zveladganve Cveni yofilao. amgvari magaliTebi xSiria am mxareSi: 

axalcixeSi, qalaqgareT mdinare focxovis marjvena kidezed 

gaSenebulia ori patara Zveli ekklesia, romelTagan erTi ki 

viciT dabejiTebiT, wminda giorgis saxelzea, mxolod meorec 

isev amis saxelobazea Tu sxva wmidanisa, darwmunebiT ar 

viciT. TviT adgils, sadac es ekklesiebia gaSenebuli, moRnisi 

ewodeba da amisaTvis ekklesiasac xalxi uwodebs moRniss 

anu moRnisis ekklesias. zafxulobiT Zalian blomad daiareba 

am ekklesiaSi xalxi, rogorc grigorianebi, ise 

marTlmadideblebi da kaTolikebic. somxebma am bolo dros 

daiwyes siaruli. winaT Turme isini, rogorc gamigia 

moxucebulebisagan, srulebiT ar ekarebodnen moRniss. 

qarTvelebi ki Zveladganve yovel kvira uqme-dRes midiodnen 

iq salocavad. ekklesiasTan patara wyali Camowanwkarebs, 

romelsac Turme is Tviseba aqvs, rom Zliera hrgebs Tavisa 

da Tvalebis tkivils. ekklesias warwera ara aqvs ra, 

darCenilia marto ubralo qviT nagebi kedlebi. ai es ekklesia 

exla gamxdara sadavod qarTvelebsa da somxebs Sua: qarTvelebi 

iZaxian Cveniao, somxebi iZaxian _ Cveniao. am ukanasknelT 

faqtiuri mflobeloba kidevac daiwyes, magram ris safuZvlis 

ZaliT, es RmerTman uwyis: misavali gza gaukeTes, TavianTi 

xatebi daasvenes ekklesiaSi, sanTels hyidian da, rogorc 

amboben, viTom wyalsac fasi daadves, magram, vimeoreb kidev, 

ris safuZvlis ZaliT epatronebian somxebi am ekklesias da 

isakuTreben mas? ekklesiasTan gdia erTi saflavis qva 

somxuris warweriT, romelic undaT TavianT WkvaSi safuZvlad 

gamoiyenon somxebma. magram es, Cemi azriT, susti safuZvelia. 

jer erTi imisTvis, rom Cven cota eWvSi SevdivarT, vgoneb es 

qva axlad unda iyos motanili, radganac winad arsad ara 

Canda igi da mxolod am bolo dros gamoCnda, da meorec, gana 

ar SeiZleba saflavis qvazed somxuri warwera iyos da 

ekklesia ki maTi ar iyos. maS SeiZleba somxebma axalcixis 

sakrebulo taZaric daisakuTron, radganac mis sasaflaozed 

ramdenime saflavis qva moi poveba somxuris warweriT. Tu 

safuZvelzed mivardeba saqme, Cven qarTvelebs ufro meti 

safuZveli gvaqvs, vidre somxebs. moxucebulobisgan gamigonia, 

rom uwin am eklesiasTan yofila gaSenebuli sofeli `moRnisi~, 

sadac ucxovriaT qarTvelebs. SemdegSi eseni axalcixis Zvel 

nawilSi gadmosaxlebulan da maT STamomavalT exlac, vgoneb, 

moRniselebs eZaxian. eWvi ar aris, rom am sofel moRnisSi 

mcxovreb qarTvelebs ekklesia eqnebodaT da swored maTi 

ekklesia, ai exlandeli sadavod gamxdari moRnisis ekklesia 

unda yofiliyo, radganac sxva naSTi ekklesiisa aq ar aris. 

TviT saxelwodeba `moRnisi~ qarTulia, warmomdgari 

sityvisagan `moRimisi~, radganac axalcixis Zveli nawilidgan

110 111 

rom viangariSoT, moRnisis ekklesia mdinare focxovis gaRma 

mova. magram es kidev araferi: axalcixis qarTvel kaTolikeTa 

mRvdlis mama ioane gvaramaZis saxlTan gdia erTi oTxkuTxiani 

svetis qva, romlis erT gverdzed darCenilia Semdegi xucuri 

warwera: `saxeliTa RvTisaTa meoxebiT wmidisa 

RvTismSoblisaTa m-ql Rirs viqmen... Senebad amin~. Tu es qva 

marTla moRnisis eklesiidgan aris gamotanili, rogorc 

damarwmuna mama ioane gvaramaZem, maSin ueWvo unda iyos, rom es 

ekklesia qarTvelebisaa da maSasadame somxebs araviTari ufleba 

ara aqvT daepatronon da aRiaron igi TavianT sakuTrebad. 

sofel burnaSenSi (javaxeTSia) darCenilia erTi Zveli 

marTlmadideblebis eklesia, romlis aRmosavleTis kedelzed, 

garedan, amovikiTxeT Semdegi xucuri warwera: (TavSi erTi 

sityva ver gavarCie) ìxseni daniel pirisagan lomTasa, egre 

ixsen amis wmida ekklesiisa aRmaSenebelni xelTa g-XX ???~ 

(ukanaskneli sityvebi, mgonia unda ikiTxebodes: `xelTagan 

jojoxeTisaTa~). warweris qveS qvazed gamoyvanilia ori 

lomi da SuaSi danieli. CrdiloeTis kedelzedac, Signidgan, 

rogorc etyoba, xucuri warwera yofila, magram burnaSenis 

somxebis wyalobiT, romelTac dausakuTrebiaT es eklesia da 

Sig asruleben axla RvTismsaxurebas, TeTri kiriT aris 

wabRaluli. TavSi gavarCieT mxolod Semdegi: `q. saxeliTa 

RvTisaTa da daSm-?ad...~ rasakvirvelia, srulebiT rom waSalon 

qarTuli warwerebi, maSin ufro advilad daisakuTreben. 

rogorc amboben, sofel xoreniaSi (esec javaxeTSia), 

Zvels marTlmadidebel eklesiazed somxebma qarTuli warwera 

waSales da somxurad daaweres. ai, sadamdis midis maTi 

TavaSvebuli moqmedeba da Tavisufali navardoba am mxareSi. 

amgvaradve aRiareben somxebi TavianT sakuTrebad eklesiebs 

yuraTubnisas (axalcixis mazraSi), azavreTisas (axalqalaqis 

mazraSi), ixtilisas (axalqalaqis mazraSi) da sxv. 

ver aris kargis megobrobis niSani, rodesac amJamad 

axalcixis sabWoSi erTi qarTveli aRar aris, rom yovelTvis 

sabWos gaagebinos xolme Zvelis nawilis (qarTvelebi qalaqis 

Zvels nawilSi cxovroben) Wir-varami, misi avi da kargi, misi 

saWiroebani da sxv. magram iqneba axalcixis sabWo-gamgeoba 

valad ar hracxs Tavis Zvels nawilzedac izrunos da misTa 

mkvidrTa saWiroebani daakmayofilos, magram amazed odesme 

sxva dros” (ix. d. baqraZe „Àðõåîëîãè÷åñêîå 

ïóòåøåñòâèå ïî Ãóðèè è Àäæàðèè”, gv. 41)» [3]. 

„iveria”, „iveria”, 1899 1899 w., w., 9 9 dekemberi. 

dekemberi. 

„20 ivliss y.d. samRvdelo kirioni, episkopisi alaverdisa, 

uwm. sinodis kantoris mindobilobiT, brZandeboda q. duSeTis 

mazraSi, am qalaqis maxloblad mdebare bodavis wm. giorgis 

niSis saqmis gamo. rogorc vuwyiT, es niSi am ramdenisame 

wlis winaT somxebma miiTvises. y.d. samRvdelo kirionma 

moxseneba warudgina am saqmezed uwm. sinodis kantoras, 

romelmac ganixila ra moxseneba, daadgina: eTxovos mis 

brwyinvalebas, kavkasiis mTavarmarTebels T.g.s. golicins 

administraciuli wesiT CamoerTvas somxebs bodavis wm. 

giorgis niSi q. duSeTSi” 

„iveria”, „iveria”, 1904 1904 w. w. 1 1 dekemberi, dekemberi, dekemberi, #275, #275, gv.2 

gv.2 

„qarTvelTa eklesiebis mimTvisebelTa winaaRmdeg 

RonisZieba. 

borCalos mazris, Sulaveris olqis sablaRoCino krebaze 

sxva sayuradRebo saganTa Soris gairCa ucxo sarwmunoebis 

xalxTa mier marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis da mis Zvirfas 

naSTTa miTvisebis saqme. rogorc viciT, borCalos mazra 

cnobilia Zvel, SesaniSnav qarTul naSTebis simravliT. amitom 

am krebaze mravali magaliTi iqna dasaxelebuli amgvari 

miTvisebisa. magaliTad, akaurTis eklesiis, romelzedac exla 

gamoZieba swarmoebs. ratevnisa, sadac hmarxia Tavadi baraTaSvili 

da sxva. krebam erTxmad daadgina: im eklesiebs, romlebic 

droTa brunvis gamo arian somxebis miwebze, magram somxebi 

ar ufloben, marTlmadidebeli samRvdeloeba jerovnad 

daepatronos, xolo im eklesiebis Sesaxeb, romelnic ukve

112 113 

miuTvisebiaT somxebs, samRvdeloebam aRZras dava sasamarTlos 

wesiT” 

somexTa mier qarTuli eklesiebisa da mosaxleobis 

dapatronebis erT-erTi gza iyo mdidar somexTa mier qarTvel 

Tavad-aznaurTa mamulebis Sesyidva. mamulTan erTad taZrebis 

sakuTrebaSi gadacema kanoniT akrZaluli iyo, magram kanonebis 

dacvas somxoba aras dagidevdaT, radgan saqarTvelos 

gasomxebis politika ruseTis xelisuflebis mier, xSir 

SemTxvevaSi, Sewynarebuli iyo. am gziT xdeboda mitacebuli 

taZrebis gasomxureba da mamulebTan erTad nayidi yma-glexebis 

gasomxeba. 

magaliTisaTvis mogvyavs ramodenime saxasiaTo istoria: 

„mwyemsi”, „mwyemsi”, 1901 1901 w., w., #15, #15, gv.3-5; gv.3-5; #17, #17, gv.9 

gv.9 

„meeqvse sablaRoCino olqi borCalos mazraSi. 

SecdomiT rom ar vsTqvaT, TiTqmis mTeli borCalos mazra 

Seadgens meeqvse sablaRoCino olqs qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiaSi. 

am xsenebul sablaRoCinoSi TerTmeti qarTveli samrevloa, 

garda berZnebisa da rusebis ori samrevloisa, romelTagan 

TiToeuli Sesdgeba ramdenime dafantul, SoriSors mdebare 

soflebisgan. aq scxovroben qarTvelni, rusebi, berZnebi, somxebi 

da TaTrebi. qarTvelebi arian gadmosulni javaxeTidan da 

dasaxlebulan aq im dros, roca sabolood dasrulebula 

brZola qarTvelebsa da TaTrebs Soris. mSvidobianobis 

drosve gadmosulan da dasaxlebulan aq somexnic. Tumca, es 

ukanasknelni dResac amtkiceben, rom borCalos mazras rogorc 

wineT, ise exlac, somxeTi ewodebao, magram isini amaSi Semcdarni 

arian, radgan TviT am mxaris saxelwodeba `borCalo~ aris 

namdvili qarTuli sityva: bora-Cala `bora~ _ Wiaa, `Cala~ _ 

balaxi maRali, romelic aq xSiria. amasve naTlad gvimtkicebs 

adgilobrivi mdebareoba: mTel borCaloSi yovelive mTis 

wverzeda Cven vxedavT ZvelisZvel eklesiebs da cixeebs _ 

saqarTvelos naSTebs. axlac arsebobs didi bolnisis soborosioni, 

aSenebuli mexuTe saukunis naxevarSi meore farsman 

qarTvelTa mefisagan, romel sofelsac axla somxebi uwodeben 

bolnis-xaCinad. amas istoria mowmobs da kidec gangvimartebs, 

rom odes aq TaTrebma aikles qveynebi, maSin dacarielebul 

alagebze saxldebodnen somxebi. da ai, igive somxebi, dResac 

darCenil arian alag-alag da uwodeben am mxares e.i. samxreT 

saqarTvelos, Tvis sakuTar samSoblo mamulis nawils. 

aq mcxovrebni qarTvelebi arian mxne, yoCaRni da 

sarwmunoebiT mtkiceni. metad gaWirvebuli cxovreba aqvT 

maT, romlebic dasaxlebuli arian mebatoneebis mamulze. 

mometebuli nawili qarTvelebisa cxovrobs md. moSaveras 

xeobaSi. am xeobaSi aris gaSenebuli qalaq Tbilisidan 63 

versze pirveli kolonia ekaterinenfeldi, sadac cxovroben 

garda germanelebisa, mravalni marTlmadidebelni, romelTaTvis 

aq Sendeba eklesia saqarTvelos eqsarxosis nebarTviT. amave 

xeobaSi mdebareobs SesaniSnav alagze meore sofeli – ratevani. 

cxovrobs 25 mosaxle qarTveli da 9 komli somexi. aq aris 

mSvenieri sam gumbaTiani eklesia, aSenebuli Tavad baraTaSvilis 

mier, romelic amave taZarSi marxia. es eklesia dRes somxebis 

sakuTrebas Seadgens. axlad warmoebuli saqme am eklesiis 

Sesaxeb gvimtkicebs, rom roca T. baraTaSvils miuyidnia es 

mamuli viRac b. fiToevisaTvis, eklesiac sityviT misTvisve 

gadaucia. fiToevs mouSlia wm. trapezi, gadaukeTebia taZari 

da bolos ukurTxebia somex-grigorianTa wesze. Semdeg fiToevs 

miuyidnia es mamuli b. manTaSevisTvis _ cnobilis mdidrisTvis 

da dResac, rogorc mamuli, ise eklesiac Seadgens mis, b. 

manTaSevis sakuTrebas. am eklesiis daCemeba axal dros miewereba 

da sCans, im dros am olqis keTil wesierebis meTvalyures 

sZinebia, es tkbili Zili damtkicda 11 giorgobas 1899 wels, 

odes am olqis dasaTvaliereblad brZandeboda maTi 

usamRvdeloesoba episkoposi leonidi, romlis winadadebiT 

adgilobriv mRvdelma acnoba mTavrobas yovelive WeSmariteba 

am eklesiis Sesaxeb da imedia, rom eklesia ratevnisa 

daubrundebaT marTlmadidebel kanonier mflobel-qarTvelebs,

114 115 

risTvisac WeSmarits guliTad madlobas uZRvnis mrevli am 

eklesiis Sesaxeb kiTxvis aRmZvrels. s. ratevnidan eqvs verszed 

sZevs sofeli qveSi. mTeli sofeli Semortymulia erT did 

da maRal goras garSemo, maRla goraze aris Zveli cixe da 

Sig eklesia aSenebuli 1700 wels, ara cnobil ars visgan. 

qveSis samreklodan aRmosavleT-dasavleTisken aris sofeli 

akaurTa, aqac mometebuli nawili qarTvelebia, magram, radgan 

mamuli ekuTvnis Tavad arRuTinski-dolgorukovs (somexia) 

aq Zvelad qarTvelebis eklesia ganaxlebuli iqmna somxebis 

weszed da qarTvelebi rCebian ueklesiod. amisTana magaliTebi 

bevri moxdeboda, rom mama blaRoCins am olqisas yuradReba 

ar mieqca am samwuxaro movlenisaTvis. qarTvel mrevls axla 

imedi aqvs, rom rogorc maT, ise saqarTvelos Zvel naSTT 

yuradRebas miaqceven, magram amisTana mdgomareobaSi myof 

qarTvelebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi m. blaRoCini TvaliTac 

ar unaxavT. 

am SemTxvevaSi, valdebuli var, yovelive WeSmariteba 

aRviaro: es mxare friad daviwyebuli mxarea, romelSiac, aramc 

Tu somexni, aramed sxvebic ujoxod dadian da qarTvelebs 

urigod eqcevian... amitomacaa, rom somxebi borCalos xeobas 

`bolna-foras~ eZaxian da!... 

...ai, mesame weliwadia, rac ratevnis eklesiis Sesaxeb, 

romelic somxebis xelSia dResac, aRvZariT kiTxva, magram _ 

es emduris meores, amas ara scalian, is ambobs: `sxvaTa Wiri 

Robes Cxirio~da saqme dResac mwvane maudis qveS Zevs... ucadoT 

pasuxs! somxebma ki mesame akaurTis eklesias mihyves xeli” 

„iveria”, „iveria”, 1901 1901 w., w., w., #76 

#76 

„werili cxinvalidan 

...sofel dgevrisSi, romelic erTis versis manZilzed 

arc kia d. cxinvalidgan, erTi Zveli dangreuli patara eklesia 

gaxlavT, romelsac adgilobrivni mcxovrebni `ZuZuTa 

RvTismSoblis eklesias~ uwodeben. amboben, visac rZe ar 

aRmoaCndeba, an SekrTeba da raime mizeziT daakldeba, miva am 

eklesiaSi, daniSnuls adgils wyals Camoavlebs da rZe mosdiso. 

ramdenad marTalia es xalxis Tqmuleba, Cven ar viciT, magram 

adgilobrivni mcxovrebni ase mogaxseneben _ ai, am eklesiis 

dReoba modis da dResaswauloben aRdgomis meore dRes, e.i. 

orSabaTs, ikribebian adgilobrivni mcxovrebni axlo-maxlo 

soflebidgana da loculoben. es asedac unda yofiliyo, 

radgan dgevrisSi arc Zvelad da arc axla arasodes WaWanebad 

xsenebac ki arsada yofila somxisa da maS visi unda iyos, igi 

eklesia Tu ara qarTvelebisa?! miT umetes, rom eklesiis 

garSemo sul qarTvelebi scxovroben. magram uneblied duSeTis 

wm. grigolis niSis istoria gvagondeba... 

am ori-sami wlis winaT gadasaxlebula erTi ara-mkiTxe, 

magram, rogorc saqmidana sCans, sxvisagan gaostatebuli somexi, 

Torem kaci, romlis sazrdo-sabadebelsac vaWroba-aReb-micemoba 

Seadgens, gana bazars Tavs daanebebs da soflad gadasaxldeba, 

sadac ara abadia ra?! _ marTlac am vaJbatonis gadasaxlebis 

ori wlis Semdeg dgevrisSi uceb cxinvalis somxoba qaliTkacamdis 

TavianTis tertera-teracuebiT gaCndebian 

dasaxelebul eklesiis karebzed, dasdgamen magidas, daawyoben 

sanTlebs, gadaixdian parakliss, gaCaRdeba sanTlebi, pirjvris 

wera, vedreba, erTi hai-hui da sx. swored sasacilo da 

satirels suraTs warmoadgenda es ucnauri, uTav-bolo, raRac 

qvenagrZnuli komedia! erTi bewva nangrev eklesiis karebis 

win cal-mxarezed somxebis sanTeli iyideba, meore mxares _ 

qarTvelebisa. rogor? gaocebuli ekiTxebi Sens Tavs? ori 

mtkaveli, JamTa viTarebisa gamo, dangreuli eklesia, sadac 

fexis dadgma ara yofila da arc aris somxebisa, saidgan 

gaCnda da gaxda ase anazdeulad somxebisa? Tu marTla 

somxebisaa, qarTvelebi raRa maCanCalani arian da Tu 

qarTvelebisaa _ somxebi raRa SuaSi arian? an rogor moxda, 

rom erTi patara eklesia erTsa da imave dros qarTvelebisac 

aris da somxebisac? ver mivxvedrilvarT, ra ambavia, ra sasacilo, 

satireli da samasxarao komediebis TamaSobaa am meoce 

saukuneSi?! es adamianis damamcirebeli komedia rom Cvenis 

TvaliT ar gvenaxa warsuls wels, ar davijerebdiT. xmas ar

116 117 

viRebdiT aqamdisi, radganac gvegona, Cveni didad pativcemuli 

blaRoCini, an dgevrisis eklesiis mRvdeli gamoidebdnen Tavs, 

raime Rones iRonebdnen da saqmis viTarebas gamoarkvevdnen, 

magram arsad ara sCans ra da ara ismis-ra. amisaTvis saWiroa, 

visganac jer ars, yuradReba mieqces, saqme gamoirkves. droa, 

erTjer da samudamod moeRos bolo zogierTi somxebis 

amisTana nacarqeqiaobasa da Zvelis naSTebis ase abuCad agdebas! 

cxinvaleli somxebi da maTi mRvdlebi sabuTad imas 

mogaxseneben, rom Sesavali karebis erTs naTals qvazed zed 

warweraa da somxuriao. vnaxeT es qvac:L warwera, marTalia, 

aris, magram somxuria Tu qarTuli ver gavarCie, radganac 

somxuri da qarTuli xucuri erTmaneTs Zlier waagavs. is ki 

utyuaria, rom zed warweriani qva ufro axali sCans, vidre 

sxvebi da gana TviT eklesiis Sida moyvaniloba ar amtkicebs, 

rom qarTvelebisaa? imedia, Cveni xma ar darCeba xmad 

mRaRadeblisa udabnosa Sina, Cveni Zveli naSTebis mkvlevarni 

yuradRebas miaqceven am sadavidarabo qarTulis ofliT anagebs 

RvTis taZars raime safuZvels daudeben...” 

rigi werilebisa exmaureba rusul Jurnal-gazeTebs da 

Seexeba somexaTa Tematikas. moviyvanoT zogierTi maTgani: 

gazeTi gazeTi „iveria”, „iveria”, 1897 1897 w., w., #117 

#117 

narkvevi 

(Jurnal-gazeTebidan) 

guSindels `novoe obozrenieSi~ dabeWdilia werili g. 

adamis Zis yarangoziSvilisa, romelic q. duSeTis mkvidri 

aznauriSvilia da romelmac, eWvi ar aris, kargad unda icodes 

egred wodebuli àxal surb-giorgis~ saqme. ai rasa swers 

igi xsenebuli sadavo WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb: 

`saqme ai raSia: papiCemis mamas dediT _ ohanez mandenovs 

papaCem grigol adamis Ze yarangoziSvilTan megobruli 

damokidebuleba hqonda da sTxova Turme neba mieca wm. giorgis 

Zvel eklesiis nangrevzed somexTa eklesia aeSenebina da 

sasaflavo gaemarTna. papaCemmac neba dahrTo Turme. ohanez 

mandenovma eklesia aaSena da anderZad dastova rom rogorc 

igi, agreTve misis ojaxis yovelive wevri xsenebuls eklesiaSi 

daemarxnaT da weliwadSi orjer mandenovis gvareulobis 

micvalebulTa sulis mosaxsenieblad panaSvidi gadaexadaT. 

am eklesiaSi damarxul iqmnen: ohaneza da misi vaJiSvili 

meuRliTurT. dRemdis mis anderZs mudam asruleben da 

aRdgomis meore dResa da amaRlebis wirvasa da panaSvids 

ixdian micvalebulTa sulis mosaxseneblad. sasaflaozed 

akravs ase 7 dRis miwa, romelic Cven yarangoziSvilebs 

gvekuTvnoda. mamulebis gamijvnis dros 1887 w. mama Cems 

bevri sTxoves, rom xsenebuli mamuli qalaqisaTvis eCuqebina, 

radganac duSeTs maxloblad erTis fexis dadgmis odena 

miwac ki arsad moeZebneboda. mamaCemmac ausrula Txovna da 

es mamuli duSeTis saxelzed gaamijvnina. am miwis gverdiT 

tyea da am tyeSi _ bodavis wmidis giorgis niSi, sadac 

yovels wmida giorgobas 23 aprilsa da 10 noembers, bodavidan 

mlocavni modiodnen xolme mRvdlisa, blaRoCinisa da glexTa 

rCeul kacebTan erTad wmindanis sadideblad. procesiaSi 

monawileobas iRebdnen marTlmadidebelnica da somex 

grigoriannic. sxva dros ki es adgili duSelebis saseiro 

adgilad iTvleboda da vinc ki moisurvebda, yvela daiareboda 

drois gasatareblad. radganac somxebsa da qarTvelebs Soris 

aq xSirad kamaToba da Cxubic astydeboda xolme, amitom 

bodavelebma sruliad mospes processiebi, xolo calke 

ojaxobiT exlac yovelTvis daiarebian. 

exla agixsniT, Tu rogor moxda, rom warsul maisis 15s 

miwis mzomavma b-ma strepCevskim zemoT aRniSnuli 2 naWeri 

miwa surb-gevorqis eklesias miumijna. 

1887 w. gamijvnis dros, rogorc zemoTac vTqvi, mama- 

Cemma 7 dRis miwa qalaq duSeTs dauTmo da qalaqis saxelzed 

iqmna amitom damijnuli. duSeTSi im dros deputatad (rogorc 

axla qalaqis uxucesia) vinme TaTulovi iyo, somexi. TaTulovma: 

gadasaxadi, romlebsac `nedoimkas~ uwodeben, _ aba Cqara da 

male mogveciTo. sionelebi iZaxian, Cven yovel wels uklebliv

118 119 

vixdidiT yalansa da ar viciT, es `nedoimka~ saidan movidao. 

aseTive ambavi daemarTa sof. fanabas, vanSets, arSas da cdosac, 

romlebsac uklebliv Setanili hqondaT xazinaSi fuli da 

dRes ki `nedoimka~ daatydaT Tavsa. aseve Caiylapa fanSetelebis, 

arSelebis da cdoelebis 15 Tumnis SeSac. es xuTi weli 

aris im fulma Cailuris wyali dalia da glexebi pirSi 

Calagamovlebulni dResac Sescqerian”. 

kalmis-wveri”. 

gazeTi gazeTi ìveria~, ìveria~, 1897 1897 w., w., #70 

#70 

„dRes werilia dabeWdili axalcixel somexTa Sesaxeb 

gaz. `kavkas~-Si. werilSi dawvrilebiT aris moTxrobili, 

rogor uSlidnen xels somxebi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 

agebas q. axalcixeSi da imis nacvlad Sig Sua qalaqSi rogor 

aages sazafxulo saseiro. sxvaTa Soris, avtori am werilisa 

b-ni eedle Tavisis werilis dasawyisSi Semdegs ambavs 

mogviTxrobs: 

èxlandeli axalcixis mazra Seadgens umetes nawils 

zemo qarTlisas, romelsac mtkvrisa da Woroxis midamoebi 

uWiravs. es qveyana Zveladve qarTvelebis mier iyo dasaxlebuli 

da uxsovari droidan saqaraTvelos samefos nawils Seadgenda. 

XIV sauk. zemo qarTls ewoda saaTabago, 1828 w. mTeli 

epoqaa ZvelisZveli saaTabagos umetesis nawilisaTvis. am 

wels 15 agvistos, rusTa jarma, romelsac win uZRoda paskeviCi, 

brwyinvaled daamarcxa osmaleTis jari da ieriSiT aiRo 

axalcixe. 1829 w. adrianopolis xel-SekrulebiT ruseTma, 

sxvaTa Soris, osmaleTisagan axalcixis safaSoc miiRo, romelic 

axalcixis mazrad iqmna gadakeTebuli da jer quTaisis 

gubernias ekuTvnoda, Semdeg tfilisisas. 

ruseTis jaris mier dapyrobam axalcixisa, romelsac 

iqaurni miuval da miudgomel simagreda sTvlidnen, SiSis 

zari dasca mahmadianebs da did-Zali mkvidrni am safaSosi 

osmaleTs gardaixvewnen. amis samagierod sul 5-6 Tvis 

ganmavlobaSi gvewvia 100 000 meti somexi. 

ukve 1831 w. axalcixes gadmosaxlebulma somxebma Txovna 

miarTves graf paskeviCs, romelic 10 muxlisgan Sesdgeboda. 

ai, umTavresad rasa sTxovdnen somxebi: 1) somex-grigorianis 

sarwmunoebis xalxTan nura sxva xalxs nu daasaxlebTo. 2) 

axalcixis somxebs neba hqondeT TavianTi gansakuTrebuli 

`saero sasamarTlo~ daiarsono. 3) neba hqondeT Tavisufalis, 

ubaJo da ugadasaxado vaWrobisao da sxva. magram iseTi ar 

iyo grafi paskeviCi, rom imaT dasTanxmeboda. aSkara saqmea, man 

uarhyo es usircxvilo Txovna somxebisao”. 

Tu yovelive es marTalia, aqedana sCans, ra sxvis 

Semwynarebeli eri yofila somexi da Tavdapirvelve ra 

moZRvreba kulturisa Semoutania kavkasiaSi, sxvas CemTan nuravis 

gaaWaWanebTo, Cven calke unda viyvneTo. Sors arsad wasulan 

im fanatikosobazed, romelic, ueWvelia, uswavliaT osmalTagan. 

Cven-ki gvabraleben sxvis Seuwynareblobas da mtrobis 

gamokidebas. amazed aris naTqvami: `Cemi ra giTxra, guli riT 

gatkinoo~. 

gaz. gaz. ìveria~, ìveria~, 1897 1897 w., w., w., #111 #111 

#111 

„d. cxinvali. 18 maiss, d. cxinvalSi mzRudroba iyo. 

dReobazed auarebeli wvrili-fexi da msxvili-fexi saqoneli 

Camoereka glexobas gasasyidad. saqoneli Zalian iafad 

iyideboda. es iarmukoba ar iyo ise sayuradRebo, rogorc 

Semdegi garemoeba: ori Tu sami cxinvaleli xalxi daZvreboda 

da iZaxoda: vinc saqoneli gayidos, sulzed Sauri gadaixadoso. 

am sityvebma zogierTis yuradReba miizida da erT-erTs fulis 

mkrefavTagans aleqsandre ivanovs CaekiTxnen, visis neba-darTviT, 

an vis sasargeblod hkrebavT mag Saurebso. pirvels kiTxvazed 

xsenebulma vaJbatonma pasuxi ar aRirsa. xolo Semdeg gamotyda, 

rom fulebi somxebis eklesiis galavnis asaSeneblad ikribeba, 

radganac morekili saqoneli somxebis eklesiis midamoSiaca 

dgebao. sTqva Tu ara es, saiTRac gaZvra da miefara”. 

gTavazobT am informacias dasaxelebuli Jurnalidan:

120 121 

gazeTi gazeTi „mwyemsi”, „mwyemsi”, 1896 1896 1896 w. w. 29 29 Tebervali 

Tebervali 

mazras, magram mas imnairisave safuZvliT SeeZlo mTel 

marTlmadidebel saqarTvelozedac eTqva igive. 

«erT rusul gazeTSi (`mosk. ved.~) 6 ianvars, am wlisas 

_ magram tyuilad SeWmarxnili ambebi xom ar aris es? 

dabeWdilia erTi werili, romelic Seexeba somxebs da 

`vinme mRvdeli~ gamogonili adamiani xom ar aris? zRapari 

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saqmes Cveni mxrisas. Cven imdenad 

xom ar aris mis mier moTxrobili ambebio? _ gaiocebs 

sayuradRebod migvaCnia es sagani, rom mogvyavs pirdapiri 

mkiTxveli. 

Targmani im werilisa TaviT bolomde. 

_ ara, srulebiTac gamogonili rame ar aris, arc zRaparia, 

`Tqvens Tbilisel korespondents, rogorc maxsovs, 

odnavadac gadametebuli ambavic ki ar aris. ara, aq arc 

araerTxel daumtkicebia Tqveni gazeTis saSualebiT, rom 

TiToeuli kerZo SemTxvevis ganzogadebaa. mis mier moTxrobili 

TbilisSi rusis yofa Znelia, Tu igi qeba-didebis sagalobels 

yvelaferi namdvili WeSmaritebaa, romlis ueWveloba gasWvirs 

ar umRers somxis `bazaris~ vaWrobas, Tu igi xels ar uwyobs 

missave nawer TiToeul sityvaSi, gamogonili piri rodi aris 

maT sixarbis ganzraxvebs, anda sul ganSorebiT ar dgas gamdgari 

es sawyali soflis mRvdeli, Zvel ieremiasaviT ierusalimis 

yoveli saqmisgan. Tuki rusis mdgomareoba amgvaria, maS SeiZleba 

nangrevebze Tavis winaparTa sidiadis mware bedze mgodebeli. 

warmovidginoT qarTvelebi da TaTrebi rogorRa yofaSi unda 

misi cremli da ruduneba Cven yvelas momarT warmogzavnilia. 

iyvnen. sazogadod, rogor yofaSi unda iyos yoveli adamiani, 

_ yvelaferi es namdvili gulwrfeli misi mwuxarebis 

visac ar SeuZlia pirferoba da amave dros visac araviTari 

Sedegia. diax, yovelive es sinamdvilea, _ samwuxaro sinamdvile, 

ufleba ara aqvs zurgis mosamagreblad. am vaWrebma aramcTu 

romelic Seexeba araTu marto `vinme mRvdlis~ mier 

daipyres mTeli qonebrivi Zala, aramed lamis Ziri gauTxaron 

dasaxelebul midamos, aramed bevr sxva alagsac, sruliad 

mTavar safuZvels marTlmadideblobisas uuZveles 

mTel saqarTvelos mxarisas. marto mtkvris da Woroxis 

marTlmadidebel mxareSi. 

saTaveebis gayolebiT yarsamde da erzrumamde miyolebuli, 

am ukanasknel dros qarTul gazeT ìveriaSi~ ibeWdeboda 

sadac saqristiano siZvelis yvela naSTebze, gansvenebulis 

`vinme mRvdlis~ werilebi, romelTac miiqcies yvelas yuradReba. 

meistorie d. baqraZis mowmobiT, qarTuls garda arasodes 

TviT kilo werilebis nametani gulwrfelia. werilebi ki 

araviTari sxva warwera ar yofila, _ aramed Cveni 

ara, ufro godebaa igi didad morwmune sulis, romelic 

marTlmadidebel mxris TviT SuagulSi Tavis saqmes arigebs. 

gaubrazebia momxdar ukuRmarToba-veragobas, veragobas 

taZrebs angreven, siwmindes itaceben, warwerebs spoben, axals 

gansacvifrebels, romlis msgavsi arsad ara Tqmula, arsad 

Txzaven maT magier, _ TviT mkvdarTa gansasvenebeli, 

araferi gagonila. yvelaferia iq, siwmindis SebRalvac, xalxisa 

sasaflaoebic ki ver aSorebian am saerTo xvedrs. 

da misi rwmunebis qirdvac, RvTis gmobac da TaRliTobac, 

gnebavT damamtkicebeli sabuTebi? aravisaTvis saidumlo 

erTis sityviT, yovelgvari borotmoqmedeba, usazizRres 

aRar aris, rom Tbilisis zogierTi eklesiebi, romlebic 

sarCulze damyarebuli. mokled roma vTqvaT, saqme Seexeba 

marTlmadideblebis iyvnen, exla marTlmadideblebs aRar aqvT. 

axalgvar TaRliTobas – ZvelisZvel saistorio naSTebze 

aravisaTvis saidumlo aRar aris, rom SesaniSnavi TeleTis 

warwerebis gamocvlas, warwerebis mospobas iq, sadac es 

monasteri, Tbiliss ramdenime versiT daSorebuli, 

gamocvla saWiro ar aris, yovelgvar borotmoqmedebas, 

marTlmadideblebis xelSi aRar aris. yvelam icis, rom 

marTlmadidebel eklesia-monastrebis wasarTmevad Cadenils. 

`vinme mRvdeli~ gulisxmobs marto axalcixisa da axalqalaqis 

varTaSenSi wminda elises taZari warTmeuli da miTvisebulia.

122 123 

samSvildis sionis eklesia ukve moTvalTvalebulia 

wasarTmevad. TiTqmis mimqrali meaTe saukunis misi warwera 

somxuri warweriT aris Secvlili. iqve patara qarTvelebis 

eklesia, merve saukuneze araugvianes aSenebuli, Sesanax adgilad 

aris gadaqceuli... bolnisis sioni, xrams gaRmiT, Tu ar vcdebi, 

mefis farsman meoTxis mier aSenebuli meoTxe saukuneSi _ 

marTlmadidebelTa siwminde, sadac meCvidmete saukunis 

gasvlamde saepiskoposo kaTedra iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis mier 

dawesebuli _ sadaod gamxdara da dRes Tu xval lamis 

sxvis xelSi Cavardes. 

warTmeulia nuxas axlos giSis taZari, is taZari, sadac 

giSelebi mRvdelmTavrobdnen. amasve upirebdnen qurmuxis taZars, 

wmida giorgisas, magram xalxma ZaliT gamodena taZridan 

mtaceblebi. 

Caldiris tbasTan daqceulia erTi qarTuli eklesia 

da qvebi kardakar aris datacebuli. 

SesaniSnavi siRnaRis cixe TiTqmis sul dangreulia 

da qvebi daparulia. iqve qarTuli warwerebi uZveles 

sasaflaoze waSlilia da somxuriT aris Secvlili. 

loris cixeSi mTlad moispo qarTuli warwerebi... 

gaqra gujabis eklesiis warwera borCalos mazraSi. 

erT Zvelis Zvel da miviwyebul sasaflaoze erT 

qarTvelebis eklesiasTan, kuCenbaxis minis qarxnis axlos, 

bolo xanebSi gaCnda sul axlad axali fiqalebi axalis 

somxuris warwerebiTurT... 

kelageris cixeSidac eseve xdeba. 

da sxva, da sxva! 

rom cota meqeqa Zveli gazeTebi an da miT umetes, rom 

momewadinebia dawvlilebiT alagobrivi cnobebis Setyoba, maSin 

am axlad gaCenil barbarosebis moRvaweobis nusxa 

dausrulebeli Seiqmneboda. 

daqceva, isev daqceva, da sul axali daqceva, da bolo ar 

uCans am daqcevas Cveni mxrisas... 

mere sad aris mmarTveloba, sad aris gamoqveyneba, sad 

aris dacva imisa, rac Rirsia dacvis? 

mmarTveloba somxebis xelSia. gamoqveynebac maT 

sajiriTod gamxdara, mere dacva... igi mxolod somxebis mizanganzraxvisaTvis 

sufevs... rasac me viwerebi, es yvelam ukve 

icis, yvelas zizRs hgvris, magram dabeWvdiT ki mxolod 

naglej-naglejebad Tu SeiZleboda amis gamomJRavneba da isic 

erTaderT qarTul gazeTSi. aqauri somxuri gazeTebi, rusul 

enaze gamomavali, amgvar saqmeebs gverds uqceven. erTad erTi 

rusuli gazeTi `kavkazi~ ki ver hbedavs amis Sexebas, radganac 

grZnobs risxvas sacenzuro komitetisas. statiebi am gvar 

saqmeebis Sesaxeb yvela grZeldeba Zalian Tamamad, radganac 

sxva da sxva erovnebebs Soris simZulvaris aRmZvrelad arian 

miCneulni. amave dros ki siyalbe ufro da ufro warmatebaSi 

Sedis da albaT momavlisaTvis erovnebaTa damakavSireblad 

miumCneviaT igi. 

nu Tu es yvelaferi dausjelad gagrZeldeba? nu Tu 

marTlmadidebel mRvdlebs marTlmadidebel mxareSi ar 

daaclian marTlmadideblobas?” 

amiT Tavdeba es werili, romelsac boloSi xels awers 

`qarTveli~. magram es gulis wyroma da ruduneba damweris 

vinaobas ki ar miewereba, rasakvirvelia, aramed im samwuxaro 

movlenebs, romlis mowame, rogorc Cans, igi gamxdara. aramc 

Tu qarTveli, aramed yoveli adamiani aReldeba albaT amgvari 

ambis gagonebaze. Cven mxolod isRa gvrCeba, rom movucadoT 

kidev dawvrilebiT yvela zemoxsenebuli borotqmedebis 

gamoaSkaravebas! swored samarTliania zemoxsenebuli damweris 

godeba da wuxili. miT ufro samZimo aris es wuxili da 

sarwmunoebis SembRalveli garemoeba, rom amas SevyurebT da 

vismenT am me-19 saukuneSi».

124 125 

Tavi Tavi III 

III 

didebisa. Tu saqarTveloSi rodisme SesaniSnavi, saqeburi da 

TvalsaCino rame momxdara, maTis azriT, an somxebis mier 

rodis rodis gadmosaxldnen gadmosaxldnen somxebi 


saqarTveloSi 

saqarTveloSi 

momxdara, an maTi SemweobiT da zedgavleniT; Tu vinme gamoCenili 

sardali yofila, an somexi, an somxis Camomavali yofila; 

Tu yvela warCinebuli piri ara, maTi mometebuli nawili 

mainc... esre, rac SeuZliaT, yvelas asomxeben da yvelafers 

somxebis unarsa da Snos aTviseben. . . magram arc Cveni da 

arc sxva qveynis istoria am sagnisTvis cxadad da mtkiced 

arafers gviCveneben. es ambavi marTali rom yofiliyo, an Cveni, 

an sxva qveynis meistorieni ueWvelad xmas amoiRebdnen, radgan 

am gadmosaxlebas uTuod didi mniSvneloba unda hqonoda 

Cvenis qveynisaTvis; esreTi garemoeba arc ucxoelT gamoeparebodaT 

SeumCnevelad» [4]. 

b-n levon isaxanianis moxsenebis safuZvlebi XIX saukunis 

miwurulsac mzaddeboda. somexi mwerlebis mier iwereboda 

saqarTvelos axali istoria - somxebis sasargeblod, 

iwereboda somxeTis axali istoria – isev somxebis sasarge- 

1.somxeTis 1.somxeTis 1.somxeTis istoriis istoriis „cru „cru „cru farSevangebi” 

farSevangebi” 

blod: «yvelas Tvali rom auxvion somxebma da daanaxon 

pirvel TavSi aRvniSneT, rom xsenebul simpoziumze orga- 

xalxs yvelaferi ise, rogorc TviT undaT, „mSakis~ (somxuri 

nizatorebis mier, sruliad gaumarTlebeli da aradamajere- 

gazeTi –a.u.) saxelovanma mweralma, 1897 w. 137 nomerSi, erbeli 

mizezebis gamo, daSvebul iqna b-n levon isaxanianis 

Tis kalmis mosmiT, Turme, yvelaferi daamtkica. imas Tu 

„moxseneba~. moxsenebis mizani ki qarTul-somxuri urTier- 

davujerebT, Tamar mefis da giorgi pirvelis dros da maTze 

Tobebis problematuri sakiTxis kvlav win wamoweva iyo _ 

uwindel saukuneSi somxebi gadmosaxlebulan saqarTveloSi 

sakiTxisa, saukuneebis manZilze rom gasdevs qarTul-somxur 

da saqarTvelos qalaqebis mcxovrebTa mometebuli nawili 

urTierTobebs da, sxvaTa Soris, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrio- 

somxebi yofilano, rogoradac amtkiceben yvela istorikosi 

bis winaaRmdeg mimarTul mkafiod gamoxatul politikur 

da im drois mgzavrio. naTqvamis dasasabuTeblad, imowmebs 

faqtorsac Seicavs. erTi ram cxadia: rodesac adrindel 

marto petro della vales, Sardens, turnefors, ioselians 

nawerebs kiTxulob, TvalSisacemia, qarTveli kaci ra mtkiv- 

da veidenbaums. yvelasaTvis cxadia, rom eseni arian XVII, 

neulad aRiqvamda, rom mas edavebodnen mamulebsa da qonebas, 

XVIII da XIX saukunis mogzaurni da mweralni: amaT dasweres 

arTmevdnen eklesiebs, enas, sarwmunoebas, kulturas, adaT-wesebsa 

is, rac im dros naxes... warmoidgineT, sad meCvidmete da 

da Cveulebebs. ai, saukunis win dawerili sityvebi, romlebic 

meTvramete saukuneebi da sad meTerTmete, meaTe da maTze 

ise moismis, TiTqos xsenebuli simpoziumis sxdomaze eTqvas 

uwindeli saukuneebi! . . . garna, Cvenda sasiqadulod, es mgza- 

vinmes: 

vrebi ar laparakoben da krintsac ara Zraven arc im sauku- 

«somxis mwerlebs rom kacma hkiTxos, isini saqarTveloSi 

neebisa da arc maSindeli somxebis gadasaxlebisaTvis» [4]. 

uZvelesi droidan, V saukunidan arian gadmosaxlebulni, e. i. 

axali istoriis weris somxuri meTodi martivia: wer 

ra droiTganac iwyeba brwyinvaleba Zvelisa saqarTvelos 

gamonagons da imowmeb Senive winamorbedi somxis gamonagons.

126 127 

ase Sre-Sre lagdeba axali matianis furclebi, ikinZeba wigni 

istoriisa, romlis gasabaTileblad sakmarisia pirveli gamonagoni 

_ saTave Semdgom SeTxzul istoriaTa _ amxilo da 

gaacamtvero; da am nayalbevi pirvelfurclis amoxevisTanave, 

mTeli wigni furcel-furcel ifanteba. «b-n. saruxanis (gazeT 

„mSakis~ mwerali – a.u.) istorias sxva wyaro ara aqvs, Tu 

ara isev somxis mwerlebi. Cven ki advilad ver SeviwynarebT 

somexTa mwerlebis mowmobas, rogorc saistorio WeSmarits 

faqts, radgan iSviaTad Tu visTvisme saidumloa, rom maTi 

mwerlebis nawerebSi Znelad moipoveba simarTle da WeSmariteba. 

aseTisave azris arian evropeli mwerlebic, romelTacki 

gamoiZies somxebisagan dawerili istoriebi. mecnierebma 

erTian Ziri gamouTxares somxebis istorias da mis daqcevas 

da xelmeored aSenebas saWirod racxven. yvelam icis, rom 

mose xoreneli aqamde Seracxil iyo mexuTe saukunis mwerlad 

da iTvleboda somxis istoriis mamamTavrad. TiTqmis 

mTeli somxis istoriis mwerlebi mas emyarebian, magram mecnierebma 

miagnes mis axal wyaroebs, romlebic 1892 w. venecia- 

Si TviT mxiTaristebma dabeWdes. ai, am garemoebas rogor 

gvixataven: „b-ni karrieri uwyalod brtyvnis im cru farSevangs 

_ mose xorenels, romelic uwin somxebis saeklesio 

istoriis mTis mwvervalze dafrinavda, axla-ki, rogorc erTi 

ubralo Wilyvavi (bolobeWda), madrieli darCeba, rom mdabali 

adgili mainc daiWiros merve saukunis dasawyisSi~ (Journal 

Asiatique, 1895, t. 2, p. 94, Paris). 

mose xorenelis samxelad da gasamtyuneblad evropul 

wyaroebSi mohyavT, sxvaTa Soris, karrieris Semdegi sabuTi: 

„karrieris mSvenierma bWobam mose xorenelisa da misi patriarqebis 

genealogiisaTvis gaaqarwyla moses mier somxebis 

Camomavlobis moTxrobis sinamdvile (auTentikoba), karrierma 

gadawyvetiT cxadhyo, rom is mogonili sirieli istorikosi, 

mar abbas katina, romelsac mose xoreneli Tavis 

wyarod asaxelebs, sxva ara aris, Tu ar misive gamogonili, 

radgan mas undoda moeTxro imisTana faqtebi, romlebic manamde 

aravis gaegona, esred Tavisi fantastiuri aRweriloba 

dahfara erTis sirieli istorikosis avtoritetiT; es is- 

torikosic ise gamogonili da zRaprulia, rogoraTac zRaprulia 

moTxroba, romelsac mas aTvisebs 1~ (Journal Asiatique, 

1895, tom, 2, p. 86, Paris)» [3]. 

cnobili evropeli mecnieri, lenormani, ar svams siriel 

katinas realurobis sakiTxs, magram isic calsaxad miuTiTebs 

somexTa yalbismqnelobaze. «lenormani, es yvelasagan did 

swavlulad miCneuli kaci, ai, ras ambobs: `Seuryevel WeSmaritebad 

unda miviRoT, rom somxebs ar abadiaT ararigi nacionaluri 

gadmocema pirvel tigranamde, romelic kirosis Tanamedrove 

iyo. rac-ki Seexeba amaze wina dros, yvela moTxroba 

somexTa mwerlebisa momdinareobs mose xorenelis wignisagan, 

da es wignic, rogorc TviT xorenelisagan sCans, aris ubralo 

asli (kopio) mar-abaz katinis crusityvaobisa, kompilaciisa. 

es batoni katina scxovrobda qristianobis pirvel saukunes, 

adga literatorobis xelobas, ekuTvnoda edesis skolas da 

aman Seadgina kompilacia, saca simarTleze meti sicrue Seitana 

da sul es aaSena kteziis qronologiur sistemis mzgavsad 

da, sxvac rom ara iyos-ra, marto am sistemis mobaZvas 

unda gaefuWebina saqme, gaeSorebina WeSmaritebisagan. gulubralo 

mkiTxvelis mosatyueblad katinam es xerxic moixmara, 

rom Tavisi kompilacia miawera aleqsandre makedonelis dros. 

katinas dros amisTana xerxianoba Zalian gavrcelebuli iyo 

da am gvaris yalbis werilebiT, falsifikaciebiT mohfines 

mTeli qveyana“ (ix. lenormani: assiriologiuri werilebi, 

seria I, werili II)» [3]. 

qarTul-somxuri urTierToba iwyeba adreul epoqaSi, Zv. 

w. aRricxvis VII saukunidan mainc, Tu ufro adre ara. 

«filologiao – ambobs lenormani, - es algebra enaTa 

codnis mecnierebisa (lingvistikisa), rogorc mas uwodeben, 

es metad Zlieri da maRali saSualeba, aRmadginebeli Zvelis 

eTnografiisa, gvimtkicebs, rom pirvelni memkvidreni im miwisa, 

romelsac armenia hqvian, qristes win meSvide saukunis 

1 mose xorenelis nayalbevi cnoba, TiTqos mesrofs saswaulebriv gamoegonis 

somxuri, qarTuli da albanuri anbani, uaryofilia qarTveli da ucxoeli 

(mag. sen-marteni) mecnierebis mier. (ix. mag. Cappeletti Venezia, Bore, 

Buttners, Dessen Vermuth, Paris, Journal Asiatique, 1836, tom, 1, p. 215).

128 129 

bolomde iyvnen imave naTesavisa, romelsac ekuTvnian qarTvelebi 

da zogierTi exlandeli xalxi kavkasiisa (aSkaraa, aq lenormans 

saxeSi hyavs TuS-fSav-xevsurni, svanni, megrelni, lazni). 

es swored is Zveli memkvidreni arian, romelTac dabadeba 

(biblia 10, 3) uwodebs „Togorm“ da romelTac ararigi 

erToba ara aqvT somxebTan, haosianTan. amave saxels „Togorm“ 

sdebs armeniis mkvidrTa ezekiel (XXVII, 14, XXXVIII, 6) im 

dros, roca didi nawili lursmuli warwerebisa ukve amoWrili 

iyo qvebze, im warwerebisa, romelTac aqamdis vanis 

warwerebs uwodeben. 

lenormani metad aSkarad amtkicebs, rom urartuelni da 

alarodelni erTi da igive saxelwodebaao. erTi da igiveoba 

am ori saxelwodebisa aramc Tu marto lenormanma daamtkica, 

aramed saxelovanma ingliselma mecniermac, raulonsonma. am 

igiveobaze daafuZna lenormanma Tavisi daskvna, rom urartelebis 

ena da lursmuli warwerani alarodiul enad da warwerebad 

unda iyvnen wodebulni da ara armenulado. am enas da ers 

ararigi naTesaoba ara aqvs somxur enasTan da erTano. raulinsoni 

ambobso, umatebs lenormani, rom „alarudi“ warmoadgens 

ubralo variants „ararudi“-sas, radgan Zveli sparsni 

erTnairad gamosTqvamdnen „l“ da „r“. „ararudi“-dam didi 

manZili ar aris „araratamde~ da aqedan assurelebis warwerebSi 

moxsenebul „urartumde“. 

amas zed umatebs lenormani: „alarodielni (iberni) warmoadgenen 

swored im Zvel rasas, romelic zeviT movixsenieT 

da romelsac dautovebia armeniis lursmuli warwerani“. 

„Cvenis azriT, - ambobs lenormani, - armeniaSi napovn lursmul 

warweraTa ena metismetad emsgavseba qarTul enas“. . . „imedi 

maqvs momavalSi, rodesac exlandeli Cemi gamokvleva win waiwevs, 

blomad warmovadgino Seuryevelni sabuTni am msgavsebisa. 

exla-ki warmovadgen erTs Seuryevel sabuTs, dafuZnebuls 

arsebiTi saxelis brunvazedo“. aq lenormans iseTi saocari 

magaliTebi mohyavs, rom eWvis moyvaresac eWvis xaliss mouklavs 

da bolos umatebs, _ didebuli eJen burnufis gamokvleva 

mometebul sabuTs iZleva, rom armeniis lursmuls warwera- 

Ta ena da qarTvelebisa erTi da igiveao. 

„armeniis lursmul warweraTa ena ararigad, arafriT, da- 

SorebiTac ara hgavs haosianTa enasao, _ ambobs lenormani, _ 

im xalxs, romelsac gamouWria es warwerani da qristes win 

meeqvse saukunemde uflobnia armeniaSi, ara hqonia ararigi 

naTesaoba somxebTan, haosianTan, rogorc Tavisi STamomavlobiT, 

isec eniT“. 

„haosianni Semovidnen armeniaSi vanis sul bolondel warweris 

gamoWris Semdeg, saxeldobr im dros, roca TviT warweris 

gamomWrelma erma (urartelebma), Sesustebulma ramdenisame 

saukunis ganuwyvetel brZoliT sazarel nineviis 

(asurelT) da babilonis mflobelebTan, daiwia CrdiloeTisaken, 

swored im adgilebisaken, romelsac ZveleTi uwodebda 

„iverias“ da exla uwodeben saqarTvelos“. 

gansvenebuli ilia serebriakovi, profesori lazarevis 

institutisa, erTs werilSi (ix. „iveria“, 1890 w., #36.) 

ambobs: „lenormanma aramc Tu gaauqma qarTvelebisa da somxebis 

erTSTamomavloba, TviT somxeTic aqemenidebis xanamde 

CamoarTva somxebs da sabolood daumtkica qarTvelebs“. 

„yvela zemore sabuTis ZaliTo, _ ambobs lenormani, _ 

iZulebuli var, gamovTqva igive, rac gamoTqva b-nma hanri raulinsonma: 

„urartus enas ara aqvs ararigi naTesaoba exlandel 

haosianTa enasTan“. haosianni gamovidnen frigiidan da 

nel-nela daipyres frigiis dasavleTiT mdebare maRlobni, 

saidganac Zveli urartelni memkvidreni gaaZeves da zogni 

CanTqes da Sescvales maTi saxeli, ena, sarwmunoeba, gadmocemani 

TavianTiTo“. Secvla saxelisa TavianTiT, enisa, gardamocemisa 

da sxva amisTanisa ZvelisZveli Cveuleba yofila da 

Cveuleba xom rjulT umtkicesia. lenormani imave werilSi 

ambobs, rom Targamosisagan STamomavloba somxebma tyuilad 

daiCemeso. 

didi meore mcodne da mkvlevari Zvelis-Zveli istoriisa, 

maspero, ambobs: „mTiani qveyana (urarti), saidamac gamodian 

tigri da evfrati, jer kidev asurelTa mefis sargonis dros 

(Zv. w. 721 w.) dasaxlebuli iyo erTis modgmis eriTa, romelic 

mTlad gansxvavebulia exlandel somexTagan da ekuTvnis naTesaobiT 

qarTvelebsa. es daskvna lenormanisa saxelganTqmu

130 131 

lad damtkicebul iqna seisis da guiaris mecnieruli Rvawli- 

To“ (ix. maspero: Zveli istoria aRmosavleTis erisa, gv. 431, 

gamocema IV). 

igi (nikolski) ambobs: „urartus qveyana, asurul da babilonis 

sabuTebis ZaliT, aris is nawili ufro didis da vrcelis 

qveynisa, romelsac igi sabuTi uwodebs „nairi““. 

urartelni, igive alarodielni, b-ni nikolskis azriT, an exlandeli 

qarTvelebi arian, an-da imaTis modgmisa aRaravin 

aris. 

batoni nikolski ufro Sors midis da imasac ambobs, rom 

„udidesi da uaRresi eri siriis da mcire aziisa, Semqmneli 

gansakuTrebuli kulturisa da guladi metoqe egviptisa da 

zogjer asureTisa _ „xetti“ ekuTvnoda alarodiel naTesaobaso. 

alaroditelni aSkaraa igivea, rac urartelni, saxelidan 

„urarti“, ararati, mxolod r gardaqceula l-dao. 

„Tabali“, eri, romelic mkvidrobda kapadokiaSi, aSkaraa igive 

alarodielTa naTesaobisa iyo“ (ix. „Äðåâíîñòè Âîñòî÷íûå“, 

t. 1, gv. 389, werili b-n nikolskisa). 

gvikvirs es xettebis saqeb-sadidebeli ambebi rogor gamohparviaT 

somexTa mecnierebs. usaTuod ara scodniaT, Torem, aba, 

ras SearCendnen qarTvelTa naTesaobis ers amisTana saqeburs 

ambebsa, mere ician, rom qarTvelni daudevarni arian da im Wian 

liberalobiT Tvalebabmulni. 

b-ni anuCini antropologiuradac amtkicebs, rom somexni 

armeniaSi, winandel urartus qveyanaSi, mere mosulni arian. garda 

amisa, igive anuCini imowmeba, rom igi qveyana daiWires somxebma 

didis brZolisa da omebis Semdeg urartelebTanao. aris ramodenime 

sabuTi, romlis ZaliTac, SesaZloa, vigulvoT, rom 

urartelni, anu pontiis qaldebi, qarTvelTa mama-papani yofilano 

(ix. „Áðàòñêàÿ ïîìîùü Àðìåííàì“, gv 358-361)» [3]. 

rogorc vxedavT, qarTvelebTan dapirispirebis, maTi miwebis 

dapyrobis, gasomxebisa da asimilaciis kodi somxebSi 

uZvelesi droidan Caido. somxuri „Seni _ Cemia“, rogorc 

Cans, pirvelad qarTvelTa winamorbedebs, urartuelebs, igive 

alarodielebs SeexoT _ frigiidan mosulma somxebis winaprebma 

miiTvises maTi warsuli, kultura, qveyana, _ Tavisi nairiTa 

da araratiT, da mTeli Semdgomi periodi nair-nairi tyuilebiTa 

da „Seni _ CemiobiT~ cdiloben, wagvarTvan qarTvelebs Cveni 

kuTvnili istoria da yoveli monapovari. 

saruxan-isaxanianebis kalmebs V saukune arc Tu SemTxveviT 

gamohyavT axali istoriis furclebze. „qarTlis 

cxovreba~. 

dawvrilebiT da vrclad aRwers, Tu rogor yvaoda yovel 

mxriv saqarTvelo mexuTe saukuneSi, metadre, vaxtang gorgaslis 

dros. es dro warCinebul drod aris Seracxuli Cvenis 

istoriisTvis. «ai, swored am saukunes Caavles somxebma xeli, 

raTa TviT miiweron da miisakuTron im drois saqarTvelos 

yoveli dideba. vinaidgan, mose xorenelis sityviT, im dros 

movida saqarTveloSi mesrofi, romelmac misda moniWebuli 

zegardmo ZaliT gamoigona qarTuli anbani da miaRebina bakur 

mefes da mose episkoposs... erTi rame daviwynia wminda mesrofs 

– qarTvelebisTvis sulis Cadgma! esec rom eqmna, maSin 

gauTanaswordeboda maTs gamCensac. nuTu SeiZleba amaze metis 

qmna! maTi (qarTvelebis – a.u.) asoebi am mesrofs gamougonia, 

maTSi yoveli ganaTleba amas Seutania, eSmakis tyveobidan 

isini mas dausxnia, saRvTo sjuli mas uswavlebia da esreT 

mTeli barbarosi qarTvelebi RvTis Tayvanismcemlebad gauxdia!!!... 

vina sTqva, rom qarTvelebi am dros barbarosebi iyvnen? 

(es advili mosatevebeli iqneboda, berZnebs, an sxva ganaTlebul 

Zvel tomT rom eTqvaT), vina sTqva, rom qarTvelebi am 

dros gadakerpebuli eSmakis monad qmnil iyvnen, daeviwyebinoT 

erTi mxolodi RmerTi da wmida ninosagan miRebuli 

qristes sarwmunoeba? nu Tu es TavianTive istoriis winaaRmdegi 

ar aris, romelSiac sweren, Tumca-ki usafuZvlod, rom 

grigol ganmanaTleblis droidganve sasomxeTi akurTxevda 

xolme saqarTvelos patriarqsao? Tu yvelas datovebuli 

hqonda qristianoba da isev warmarToba daewyoT, visTvisRa 

iqneboda saWiro somxebis nakurTxi patriarqi?... ukeTu kargad 

CavukvirdebiT istorias, cxadad davinaxavT, rom sparselebi 

cecxlis-msaxurebas somxeTSi ufro advilad avrcelebden, 

vidre saqarTveloSi. aseve SevniSnoT, rom arc erTi istoria 

ar asaxelebs saqarTveloSi mefed bakurs V saukuneSi. erTi

132 133 

baqar mefe iyo 342-364 wlebSi da varaz-baqar 379-393 

wlebSi. xolo vin aris es bakur, mesrofis mier moqceuli da 

ganaTlebuli, ar vuwyiT. esec somxebis unari da Snoa, gamoigonon 

is, vinc ki undaT. 

somexi mwerlebi V saukunis qarTvelebs barbarosebs 

uwodeben. movusminoT Tavad mose xorenels. „igi sayvedurobs 

somxeTis uwindel mTavrebs, romlebmac STamomavlobas ar 

gadasces Tvisi moqmedebebis Sesaxeb ambebi; kiTxulobs, ra 

iyo amisTana gasakicxi saqcielis mizezio; iqneba is, rom 

sakuTari anbani ar hqondaTo. arao, Tavadve pasuxobs Tavissave 

kiTxvas, radgan maT SeeZloT moexmaraT berZnuli, siriuli, 

anu sparsuli anbanio. „rogorc mgonia aseTi saqcielis 

mizezi es iyovo, rom uwin, rogorc axla, somxebs ara hyvarebiaT 

arc mecniereba da arc Zveli saero zepir-gardmocemuli 

galoba-simRerebio. amisTvis srulebiT uadgilo iqneba, 

rom amisi raime vuTxraT ugono, umecar da gaunaTlebel 

xalxso“ (Storia di Mose Corenze, Lib. 1-o, cap. 3, p. 7)“. 

elementaruli logika somxebs maTTvis arasaxarbielo 

arCevanis winaSe ayenebs: Tu moses am naTqvamze somxebi ityvian, 

rom tyuiliao, maSin isini iZulebulni iqnebian, aRiaron cxadad, 

rom tyuilia maTi istoria, maTi qronika; tyuilia maTi 

namyo da yoveli Zveli dideba, radgan yoveli maTi Zveli 

istoria damyarebulia ufrosierad moses istoriaze. xolo 

Tu gviTxres: misi naTqvami marTaliao, maSin Cven mivugebT: maS, 

rogor moxda, rom ugono, umecarma, unaRvlelma da gaunaTlebelma 

somxis erma, romelsac yovelnairi mecniereba sZuldaT, 

rogorc ambobs mose, gamoiyvana saqarTvelo kerpebis sibnelisagan 

da misca mas yvela elementi ganaTlebisa, gananaTla 

sulierad da xorcielad? gana SeeZlo mieca sxvisTvis is, 

rac TviTon ar hqonda da rac TviTon ufro sWiroda? 

mose somxis ers racxs iseT umecrad da gaunaTlebelad 

TviT im drosac ki, rodesac is Tavis istorias werda. 

xolo zemoT dasaxelebuli mecnierTa gamokvlevidan Cans, 

rom axla mas racxven merve saukunis istorikosad. Tu, mose 

xorenelis sityvebidan gamomdinare, namdvilia, rom somxebi 

vidre merve saukunemde, umecrebis sibneleSi Cafluli yofilan, 

maSin somxis mweralTa gasamtyuneblad da maTi sicruis 

gamosacxadeblad kmara, marto es garemoeba davasaxeloT. 

marTla rom somxis eri grigol ganmanaTleblis dromde 

Rrma umecrebis sibneleSi yofila, amas mowmobs isev somxebis 

patriarqis ioane VI istoriis Sesavali (Journal Asiatique, 

an. 1836, tom, 1, p. 210, Paris). xolo mecnierebi amtkiceben, rom 

arianebis Semosvlamde, did armeniaSic gavrcelebuli yofila 

qarTuli ena, raic amtkicebs qarTulis upiratesobas da 

siZveles somxuris winaSe (Revue de Linguistique, per J.A. Getteyrais, 

1881, Juillet, vol. 14, p. 285, Paris). sen-marteni gvisaxelebs 

meWore da mezRapre istorikoss: „meaTe saukunis istrikosma 

mesrofma wminda nersesis cxoreba dawera, romelic savsea 

zRaprebiT da gamogonili faqtebiTo“ (Journal Asiatique, an. 

1830, tom, 1, p. 173, Paris)» [4]. 

somxeTSi myofi misionerebi TavianT erT moxsenebaSi somxebis 

mwerlebis sicrueze ase weren: «„radgan somxebi zRaprulis 

istoriebis SeTxzvaSi mardni arian, amisTvis TavianT 

martirologiaSi moiyvanes araerTi istoria, romelic savsea 

saocari zRaprebiTo“ (S. Martin, tom, 1, p. 404, Paris, 1818-19). 

amisTvis ver SeviwynarebT imas, rasac mogviTxrobs maTe 

edeseli daviT meoris mier saqarTveloSi somxebis gadmosaxlebisas, 

romelmac somxebisaTvis saqarTveloSi daafuZna 

qalaqi korio (gori). daviT gorgaslis cxovrebisa da 

brZolebis istoria dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili da Cveni 

istoria amis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. rac Seexeba gors, 

somxebis sicrue aqac Cans. straboni, evropeli mecnierebi 

sxvas amtkiceben. magaliTad, cezar fameni ambobs: „goris mdebareoba 

aCvenebs strabonis mier moxsenebul gorsenaso“ (Cezar 

Famin, p. 31. Gamba, Voyage dans la Russie, tom. 2, p. 115). 

aranaklebi siyalbe moipoveba injijianis sasomxeTis istoriaSic. 

am mweralma yvela gaasomxa. magaliTad, ambobs, 

Tbilisis mcxovrebni somxebi ariano; tfilisSi somxebis 

pirveli eklesia 632 wels aSendao. samcxec erTianad somxebs 

dausakuTra. ambobs – axalcixe didi sasomxeTis saqarTvelos 

sazRvarzeao. am moWorebulis sruliad gasamtyuneblad 

sakmaod vracxT somxebs warvudginoT isev is avtori, romelic

134 135 

somxebma Cven winaaRmdeg warmoadgines. igia TviT frederiko 

monpere, romelic samcxesas mogviTxrobs: „axalcixis safa- 

SoO mudam qarTvel toms hqonda, viTarca Tavisi mamuli... 

raisa gamo qarTvelebi TavianT qronikebSi amtkiceben, rom 

igi Tavdapirvelad maTi yofila da TiTqmis yvela iqauri 

qalaqebi maT augiaT. am saistorio faqtis sabuTi TviT 

adgilobrivi rassaa namdvili, romelic aTaswleulobiT, yovlis 

garemoebis zed-gavlenis winaaRmdeg, darCa maradis isev 

qarTvel tomad“ (F. Dubois de Montpereux, Voyage autour du Caucase, 

tom 1, p. 274, Paris 1839). 

saqarTvelos istoria, piriqiT, mogviTxrobs, rom 1022 w. 

qarTvelebi yofilan somxeTSi gadasaxlebuli da hyoliaT 

episkoposi. amasve adasturebs somxebis mwerali aristakesi 

(Historie d’Armenie per Arisdaques de Lasdiverd: traduise de l’armenien 

par M. Evariste Prud’homme, p. 21. Paris, 1864). amasve amtkicebs 

vaxtang mefis sjuldebis ocdamexuTe muxli, romelSic moxsenebulia 

saqarTvelos kaTalikosis brZanebis qveS myofi 

provinciebi, maT Soris: ani, yarsi da arzrumi. „arabi mwerlebi 

mowmoben, rodesac qarTvelebi Sevidnen somxebis arjiCis 

qalaqSi (ville d’Ardjick), iqauri mcxovrebni iZulebulni gaxdnen 

da qarTvelebs auSenes cixeSi eklesia, sadac daiwyes 

zarebis cxadad reka. es moxda 1121 wlebSi~ (Journal Asiatique, 

an. 1849, tom, 2, p. 490, Paris). ar daviviwyoT isic, rom misionerma 

lambertim, 1631 wels arzrumSi rom gamoiara, naxa arzrumSi 

da mis garSemo qarTvelebis sofeli, romlebsac kidev hyavdaT 

TavianTi episkoposi, azrumelad wodebuli» [4]. 

2. 2. somexTa somexTa saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis 

gadmosaxlebis 

istoriuli istoriuli wanamZRvrebi 

wanamZRvrebi 

somxur-qarTuli urTierToba saukuneebs gasdevs. masTan 

mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli saqarTveloSi somexTa gadmosaxlebis 

istoria. gamovyoT am procesis ZiriTadi momentebi: 

«somxebis Semosevebi saqarTveloSi 22 saukunis win daiwyo 

da dRemde grZeldeba. es Semosevebi zogjer iyo aSkara, 

zogjer – faruli... cnobili Zveli berZeni swavluli _ 

straboni gvauwyebs, rom qristes Sobamde II saukunis damdegs 

somexTa mefeebs, maT jars saqarTvelosTvis waurTmevia 

tao, speri, basiani arzrumiTurT, kola-artaani, qvemo qarTlis 

nawili. straboni xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom somxeTi, armenia, 

manamde patara qveyanas warmoadgenda da swored qristes 

Sobamde II saukunis dasawyisSi, artaSes da zareh mefeebis 

Jams gafarTovda. amieridan Cndeba gamoTqma „didi somxeTic~. 

Tavdapirvelad am terminiT aRniSnavdnen somxeTis erT nawils, 

raTa ganesxvavebinaT is somxeTis meore nawilisagan, 

mcire somxeTisagan. SemdgomSi, raki somxebs gauCndaT pretenzia 

mTeli kavkasiis gaerTianebaze, dapyrobaze, somxuri imperiis 

Seqmnaze, termin „did somxeTSi~ xSirad imperiuli 

azric iyo Cadebuli. 

didi saqarTvelos Seqmnamde qarTul-somxurma urTier- 

Tobebma artaSesidan da tigranidan, daaxloebiT, 1200 weli 

gamoiara. am xnis manZilze somxeTi xSirad cdilobda qarTuli 

mxareebis mitacebas, gasomxurebas, asaxlebda dapyrobil 

qarTul miwebze somxebs, saxelebs ucvlida qarTul soflebs. 

somxeTsa da iberias Soris sadavod gadaqceuli qarTuli 

mxareebi xelidan xelSi gadadioda saukuneebis manZilze. 

somxeTi axerxebda maT mitacebas, magram iberia Tavdauzogavi 

brZolebis Sedegad ukanve ibrunebda qarTul miwa-wyals. 

somxeT-saqarTvelos dapirispirebaSi xSirad ereodnen diddidi 

saxelmwifoebi, imperiebi. 

sparseTi xSirad amjobinebda, kavkasiaSi gabatonebis mizniT, 

sayrdenad gaexada somxeTi, mieRwia garigebisaTvis somxeTis 

mmarTvel wreebTan. amis Taobaze TviT somexi mematianeebi 

iuwyebian. ase, magaliTad V_VI saukuneTa somexi JamTaaRmwereli 

lazar farpeci gvamcnobs: sparseTis SahinSas werili 

gaugzavnia somxebis TavkacebisaTvis: „radganac Tqven sasargeblo 

da CvenTvis sayvareli qveyana xarT, Cven gvnebavs, rom 

Cveni marTali da WeSmariti rjuli iswavloT da miiRoT.... 

xolo, rodesac Tqvenc CvensaviT scnobT Cvens WeSmarit rjuls, 

iberia da albaneTi Cveni da Tqveni nebis iqiT gadasvlas ver 

gabedaven~.

136 137 

IV saukunis meore naxevarSi e. w. `didi somxeTis~ samefo 

dasustda, xolo 428 wels sparseTma gaauqma mefoba „did 

somxeTSi~. amieridan Zalze gaizarda somxuri eklesiis roli 

somexTa, somxeTis cxovrebaSi. 

sparseTis xelisufalni darwmundnen, rom verc qarTvelebsa 

da verc somxebs ver gaamazdianebdnen. maSin sparselebma 

moiTxoves qarTvelebisa da somxebisagan, rom mieRoT qristianobis 

iseTi mimdinareoba, romelic daupirispirdeboda 

bizantiis imperiaSi gavrcelebul qristianul mimarTulebas 

_ diofizitobas (marTlmadideblobas). somxuri eklesia dahyva 

sparselebis nebas da miiRo monofizitoba. qarTuli eklesia 

ar dahyva mrisxane sparseTis nebas. ganxeTqileba qarTulsomxur 

eklesiebs Soris moxda VII saukunis dasawyisSi, maSin, 

rodesac qarTvelTa kaTolikosi kirioni iyo. 

somxebma kavkasiis masStabiT TavianT metoqed miCneuli 

qarTvelebis dasaknineblad Seqmnes imgvari ideologia, rom, 

TiTqos, qarTvelebi arasrulfasovani xalxia, isini, TiTqos 

TviTonve arian somxebis sapatrono da mTel kavkasias rogorRa 

upatronebeno. gaCnda uamravi somxuri legenda, romlebic 

somxebma sxva, ucxo qveynebSic gaavrceles. aseTia, kerZod, 

legendebi somxebis mier saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebis, 

somexi mesrop-maStocis mier qarTuli damwerlobis 

gamogonebis, bagrationebis, TviT SoTa rusTavelis somxuri 

warmoSobis Sesaxeb da a.S. 

ucxo qveynebSi somxuri legendebis gavrcelebis dasturad 

SeiZleba movixmoT cnoba mixeil sirielis `qronikidan~: 

somxebi mogviTxrobeno TavianTi Zveli mefis, arSakis Sesaxeb, 

rom man daiqvemdebara siria da ierusalimi, palestina, asiria 

da babiloni; merme gaemarTa dasavleTisken, daarbia italia 

da mbrZaneblobda romSi. arSakma gaaudabura iberTa `kunZuli~ 

(igulisxmeba espaneTi), gamoiyvana da gadmoiyvana iqauri 

mcxovrebni CrdiloeTis mTebSi, raTa somexTa qveSevrdomebad 

eqcia isini. es swored is xalxia, romelTac amJamad iberebs 

(nagulisxmevia qarTvelebi) eZaxiano. qarTvelebio „ajanydnen 

somexTa monobaSi yofnisa da maTTan Tanamorwmuneobis winaaRmdeg~. 

somexi mwignobrebic xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen, rom qarTvele- 

bi gamoeyvnen somxebs mas Semdeg, rac somxebis wyalobiT, 

TiTqos, miaRwies bevr rames. 

somexi mematianis, sebeosis, cnobiT, VII saukunis 10-ian 

wlebSi sparseTis imperiisa da damorCilebuli qveynebis 

eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebis e. w. „sparsul krebaze~ „brZaneba 

gamosca mefe xosrovma (sparseTis Sahma xosro II-m), rom 

yovelma qristianma, romlebic Cemi xelisuflebis qveS arian, 

somexTa rwmena aiRon~-o. am brZanebis mixedviT, qarTvelebsac 

somexTa rwmena, sarwmunoeba, rjuli unda mieRoT. 

sparselebi VII saukunis 30-ian wlebidan aRmosavleTis 

qveynebSi da amierkavkasiaSic arabebma Secvales. arabi dampyroblebisaTvisac 

bizantiis imperiasTan gauTavebel omebSi 

ufro misaRebi iyvnen monofiziti somxebi, vidre diofiziti, 

bizantielTa erTmorwmuned miCneuli qarTvelebi. ra Tqma 

unda, Sexla-Semoxla, brZola sparselebs da arabebs somxebTanac 

hqondaT, magram maTTan, kerZod, somxur eklesiasTan morigebas 

ufro miiCnevdnen SesaZleblad, vidre qarTvelebTan da 

qarTul eklesiasTan. 

saqme iqamdec mivida, rom, erTi somxuri Tqmulebis mixedviT, 

viTomc, TviT islamis fuZemdebels, winaswarmetyvel muhameds 

daudvia xelSekruleba somxebTan, romliTac rwmenis 

Tavisufleba miuniWebia maTTvis, amasTanave, mRvdlebi, aznaurebi 

da mxedrebic gauTavisuflebia gadasaxadebisagan. arabebTan 

zavis dasamyareblad wasul somexTa zemoxsenebul kaTolikoss 

sahak III-s xelT hqonia es xelSekruleba. 

IX saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi somxeTSi kvlav gacxovelda 

didi somxuri saxelmwifos, e. w. „didi somxeTis~ 

Seqmnis gegmebi. am gegmebis mixedviT somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi 

unda moqceuliyo mTeli kavkasia, kerZod, saqarTvelo, Cveni 

qveynis rogorc dasavleTi, ise aRmosavleTi da samxreTi nawilebi. 

qarTuli eklesiac somxurs unda daqvemdebareboda. 

amgvari ideebi yovel fexis nabijze gvxvdeba IX-X saukuneTa 

cnobili mematianis, somxeTis kaTolikosis, ovanes drasxanakertcis 

„somxeTis istoriaSi~ da sxva somxur TxzulebebSic. 

erTianma somxeTma, marTlac, SeZlo daqucmacebuli saqarTvelos, 

qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis Sinaur saqmeebSi Careva

138 139 

da amis Sedegad, IX saukunis bolos qvemo qarTli miitaca. 

aqedan moyolebuli 1065 wlamde qvemo qarTlSi somexi xelisufalni 

batonobdnen. X saukunis 70-ian wlebSi qvemo 

qarTlSi Seiqmna calke samefo, somxuri dinastiiT saTaveSi. 

am somexi mefeebis rezidencias, sataxto qalaqs, samSvilde 

warmoadgenda. 

cxadia, qarTvelebi somxebs ver dauTmobdnen qvemo qarTls, 

samSvildes da, marTlac, 1065 wels somexi mefe gaZevebul 

iqna samSvildidan. amis Semdeg qvemo qarTlis samxreT nawili, 

lore-taSiri, erTxans kvlav somexi mefis xelT iyo, 

vidre Turq-selCukebma ar miitaces XII saukunis damdegs. 

1118 wels daviT aRmaSeneblis jarma gaaZeva Turq-selCukebi 

lore-taSiridan da es mxare kvlav saqarTvelos daubrunda. 

qvemo qarTli somxebma rom miitaces, iq saqmianoba gaaCaRa 

somxurma eklesiamac _ am qarTuli mxaris aTvisebas, gasomxurebas 

Seudga. ra Tqma unda, qarTuli eklesiisaTvis es 

miuRebeli iyo da X saukunidan qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis 

urTierToba kidev ufro gamwvavda. 

qarTvelebi, Cveni qveynis jari daviT aRmaSeneblamdec, asea 

Tu ise, axerxebdnen Turq-selCukTa urdoebis winaaRmdeg brZolas, 

somxebma ki es ver SeZles. somxuri saxelmwifoebrioba 

somxeTSi TiTqmis mTlianad dasamarda XI saukuneSi, somexTa 

didi nawilic, metadre, zedafenebi, sxva qveynebSi gadaixvewnen. 

somxuri saxelmwifoebrioba somxeTSi XI saukuneSi daeca 

da XX saukunemde, daSnakTa xanamde, ver moxerxda misi aRdgena. 

marTalia, somxebma somxeTs gareT, kilikiaSi, SeZles XI 

saukunis bolos somxuri samTavros Seqmna, romelic XII 

saukunis dasasruls samefod aqcies, magram 1375 wels isic 

daeca. 

daviT aRmaSeneblis meTurobiT qarTveli eris warmatebebma 

Turq-selCukTa urdoebTan brZolaSi imedi Caunerga 

somxebsac. qarTvelTa jarma Turq-selCukTa mZlavrobisagan 

gaaTavisufla, kerZod, somexTa dedaqalaqi anisi. anisis somexma 

Tavkacebma TviTon sTxoves daxmareba daviT aRmaSenebels. 

daviTma miznad daisaxa, Turq-selCukTa urdoebisagan gaewminda 

mTeli amierkavkasia. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom somxeTi fexze wamodga XII saukunis 

dasawyisSi saqarTvelos wyalobiT. qarTuli saxelmwifos 

sazRvrebSi moqceuli somxeTi moSenda, somxuri mosaxleoba 

kvlav momravlda, gamdidrda da somxuri kulturis ganvi- 

Tarebac SesaZlebeli Seiqmna somxur miwaze. magram dapirispireba 

somxebsa da qarTvelebs Soris arc am epoqaSi aRmofxvrila. 

saqarTvelo gaZlierda da Tavisi droSis irgvliv mTeli 

kavkasiac Semoikriba, xolo somxeTSi somxuri saxelmwifoebrioba 

gaqra, moispo. somexTa didi nawili am garemoebas ver 

Seegua: isini kvlav ocnebobdnen kavkasiaSi parvelobis mopovebaze 

da am mizniT qarTvelTa gasomxebaze. 

somexi mwerali da moRvawe mxiTar oSi XII saukuneSi 

lores somxuri samefos aRdgenas iTxovda. 

XII-XIII saukuneTa somxuri Txzulebis e. w. „xelSekrulebis 

wignis~ mixedviT, Tavis droze, TiTqos, romael da 

somex saero da sasuliero xelisufalTa Soris gaformebula 

SeTanxmeba, romliTac romaelebs dasavleTi, viTomc, TavisTvis 

dautovebiaT, xolo aRmosavleTis qveynebi, maT ricxvSi saqarTveloc, 

somxebisTvis gadauciaT sapatronod. 

XIII saukunis somexi moRvawe, varTapeti, wers: „mesropma 

misca maT (qarTvelebs _ g.k.) anbani da mesropmave ukurTxa 

varZiis jvari~. Turme, nu ityviT, qarTvelTa erT-erTi yvelaze 

didi saocreba, varZia, somexTa wyalobiT Seqmnila. dResac, 

roca somexi kalmosnebi xSir-xSirad imeoreben msgavs legendebs, 

SeiZleba zogjer xumrobis xasiaTzec davdgeT da vTqvaT 

_ somxebs rom yuri vugdoT, imasac ityvian, rom saTafliaSi 

dinozavrebi somxeTidan mosulan. magram es saqme saxumaro 

araa. XII-XIII saukuneebSic da SemdgomSic, dResac, somexTa 

garkveuli wreebi STaagoneben Tanamemamuleebs da ucxoelebsac, 

rom qarTvelebi arasrulfasovani xalxia, arafris gamkeTebelia 

da saqarTveloSi Tu odesme rame keTdeboda an keTdeba, 

somxebis, nasomxrebis Rvawlia es. amJamadac aseTi suliskveTebiT 

aswavlian somxeTis istorias V-VI klasis moswavleebsac 

ki» [21]. 

somexi mosaxleobis saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis sak

140 141 

iTxi ramdenime TvalsazrisiT unda ganvixiloT: rogorc bunebrivi 

migracia, rogorc droebiTi migracia da rogorc arabunebrivi 

migracia. 

bunebrivi migracia, cxadia, uZvelesi droidan mimdinareobda. 

aseTi procesi damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri ori mezobeli 

qveynisTvis. is ar atarebs masobriv xasiaTs, da, rac 

mTavaria, ar qmnis mozrdil kompaqtur dasaxlebebs. aseTi 

bunebrivi migraciebi zogjer erTi saxelmwifos SigniT mimdinareobda, 

anu, im periodebSi, rodesac somxeTis didi Tu 

mcire nawilebi sxvadasxva dros saqarTvelos saxelmwifos 

SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. 

droebiT migracias im SemTxvevaSi hqonda adgili, rodesac 

mtrisagan otebuli somexi mosaxleoba saqarTvelos 

afarebda Tavs da Semdgom kvlav somxeTSi brundeboda. 

saqarTvelo yovelTvis keTilmezoblurad eqceoda devnilebs 

da sulgrZelad ifarebda maT. ase araerTxel gadairCines 

Tavi somxebma da saqarTvelos arasdros daumadlebia maT- 

Tvis Tavisi es samsaxuri. 

arabunebriv migracias adgili hqonda im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 

somxeTi cdilobda mitacebul miwebze kompaqturi somxuri 

dasaxlebebi Seeqmna. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos ruseTTan 

SeerTebamde somxeTma saqarTvelos saxelmwifos farglebSi 

ver SeZlo amis ganxorcieleba. magram ruseTTan SeerTebis 

Semdeg somxeTTan mosazRvre teritoriebis gasomxureba ruse- 

Tis imperiuli politikis nawili gaxda da swored am periodidan 

iwyeba saqarTvelos samxreT regionebSi somexTa masobrivi 

Semosvla, qarTvelTa genocidi da somexTa kompaqturi 

dasaxlebebis warmoSoba. mogvianebiT, bolSevikebma 

somxeTs, da ara marto somxeTs, saqarTvelos kuTvnili teritoriebic 

gadasces, ris Semdegac iq qarTuli mosaxleoba, 

praqtikulad, moispo. 

«saqarTveloSi somxebis gadmosaxleba X, XI, XII saukuneebSi 

da ufro adre istoriuli masalebis mixedviT ar 

mtkicdeba da, amdenad, xelovnurad gamogonili versiebis gaziareba 

ar SeiZleba. 

jer kidev agaTonis „xilvisa“ da sxva somxuri 

winaswarmetyvelebebis mixedviT, somxeTis ganmaTavisuflebeli 

„romaelebis“ jari warmoSobiT „armenqis“ (e.i. somexTa) 

tomisa yofila. rogorc cnobilia, aRmosavleTis qristianebis, 

maT Soris, kilikiis somxuri samefos „mxsnelad“ miCneul 

jvarosnul laSqrobebSi germanelebi did rols asrulebdnen. 

etyoba, amis safuZvelze warmoqmnila somxuri Tqmuleba, 

rom germanelebi warmoiSvnen im samaskaciani somxuri razmis 

wevrebisagan, romelnic IV saukuneSi romis (bizantiis) imperator 

konstantines dausaxlebia „qvemo germaniaSi“. 

bunebrivia, sxvadasxva qveynebSi, ucxo qalaqebSi mcxovreb 

somexTa Soris Cndeboda legendebi, rom maTi winaprebi aq 

uZvelesi droidan mkvidrobdnen, rom esa Tu is qalaqi somexTa 

agebulia. amgvari Tqmulebebi xels uwyobda imas, rom JamTa 

siavis Sedegad Tavis samSobloSi gauxarel, ucxo qveynebSi 

gadaxvewil somxur mosaxleobas gaadvileboda axali samkvidreblis 

meore samSoblod miCneva. aRniSnuli legendebidan 

aleqsandre abdalaZe mxolod ramdenimes asaxelebs. kerZod: 

favstos buzandis cnobiT, TiTqos, jer kidev IV saukuneSi 

somxeTis mefes pretenzia ganucxadebia berZenTa 10 qalaqze, 

maT Soris, kesariaze, isini adre Cveni iyoo. iqve naTqvamia, 

rom qalaqi urha somexTa winaprebs auSenebiaT. XII s-is 

somexi mematianis, maTeos urhaecis Tanaxmad, urha (igive edesa) 

augia Zv.w.aR. I s-is somxeTis saxelganTqmul mefes, tigran IIs, 

didad wodebuls. urhas daarsebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva 

Tqmuleba arsebobs. erTi maTganis mixedviT, es qalaqi, TiTqos, 

legendaruli nebroTis agebulic kia. sinamdvileSi urha 

auSenebiaT selevki I nikatoris brZanebiT Zv.w.aR. 302 wlisaTvis, 

e.i. tigran II-is dabadebamde daaxloebiT ori saukuniT 

adre. somxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, aseve qalaqi Tavrizi 

augia somxeTis gamaqristianebel mefe Trdats. namdvilad ki 

es qalaqi VIII s-is bolosaa aSenebuli. sxvaTa Soris, 1629 

wlis erTi somxuri xelnaweris anderZSi Tbilissac somex- 

Ta qalaqi ewodeba. 

istoriaSi aris cnobili, rom pirveli somxuri ojaxebi 

saqarTveloSi Camoyvanili iqna wminda daviT aRmaSeneblis 

TaosnobiT. daviT aRmaSenebelma qarTlSi somxuri ojaxebis

142 143 

100 komli gadmoasaxla _ maSin isini dasaxldnen gorSi, 

axalqalaqSi, axalgorsa da cxinvalSi _ TiTo sofelSi 20- 

25 komlis odenobiT. amas daviT mefis mxridan hqonda Taviseburi 

gamarTleba. mtrisagan dacemul da pirisagan miwisa 

aRgvil mezobel qveyanas mefem mezobluri xeli gauwoda da 

Seifara isini. udavoa, rom windaxedul mefes erCivna, Turqe- 

Tisa da sparseTis nacvlad, mezoblad somxebi hyoloda. 

rogorc mematiane gvauwyebs, somxebi mikedlebian daviT IV-s 

da mis samsaxurSi Sesulan» [22]. 

«somexi istorikosis, maTeos urhaelis (XII s.) cnobiT, 

daviT aRmaSenebeli „iyo Semwynarebeli da moyvaruli somexi 

xalxisa» [23]. kacTmoyvruli Semwynarebloba rjulTSemwynareblobaSi 

ar unda agverios: kacTmoyvare wminda mefe, daviT 

aRmaSenebeli, mkacrad amxelda somexTa mwvaleblur sarwmunoebas, 

risi magaliTic ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweraa da razec 

VI TavSi gveqneba saubari. 

«rogorc v. nalbandiani aRniSnavs, Temur lengis Semosevebis 

dros moZme qarTveli xalxi, miuxedavad Tavisi mZime 

politikuri mdgomareobisa, Semweobis xels uwvdida ufro 

mZime pirobebSi myof somex xalxs, romelic moklebuli iyo 

saxelmwifoebriobas. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa im periodis 

cnobili istorikosis, Tovma mewofecis (1376-1446) 

gadmocema: rodesac qarTvelTa mefem, giorgim, Seityo Temurlengis 

jarebis axali Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb, qarTvel xalxTan 

erTad somxebsac miuCina TavSesafari miudgomel cixeebSi da 

TviT iTava mosuli urdoebisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva... am 

pirobebSi somxebisTvis saimedo TavSesafars, bunebrivia, warmoadgenda 

saqarTvelo, sadac moZme qarTveli xalxis stumarTmoyvare 

kedlebSi, mis Wer-qveS SeiZleboda uzrunveli 

cxovreba epova kacs 2 . umjobesia am saSineli gaWirvebis Jams 

somexTa mdgomareobisa da saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb 

Tovma mewofecs movusminoT: 1432 wels „sastiki SimSili 

daiwyo Cvens qveyanaSi, rogorc morwmuneTa, ise urwmunoTa 

Soris, ise, rom SeWames ZaRlebi da katebi, gvamebi, cxenebi, 

2 v. nalbandiani. Tbilisi Zvel somxur mwerlobaSi. Targmani somxuridan, 

Tb., 1959, gv. 118, 122. 

virebi, jorebi da aqlemebi. aRaraferi rom ar darCaT, maSin 

TavianT vaJebsa da asulebs mimarTes. saqme iqamdec ki mivida, 

rom... farulad da aSkarad aTasi kaci SeWames... morwmuneni 

zamTris Jams araratis gavaridan aiyarnen da saqarTvelosken 

gaswies~ 3 » [23]. 

«monRolTa batonobis periodSi somxeTis didi nawili 

(ZiriTadad aRmosavleTi somxeTi) jer isev saqarTvelos 

samefos SemadgenlobaSi Semodioda da am raionebidan somex 

ltolvilTa gadanacvlebas aRmosavleT Tu dasavleT saqarTvelos 

teritoriaze, faqtobrivad, Sidamigraciuli procesis 

saxe hqonda. amis gamo, samxreTisa Tu dasavleT somxeTis 

mosaxleobis erT mniSvnelovan nawils Cveni qveyana, aramarto 

saimedo TavSesafrad, aramed Tavisi saqmianobis samoRvaweo 

asparezadac miaCnda, miT ufro, rom somxuri kapitalis 

saqarTveloSi mizidviTa da misTvis privilegiebis miniWebiT 

monRolTa mmarTveli fena cdilobda aq Tavisi batonobis 

sayrdeni bazis Seqmnasa da gafarToebas. bevrma somexma didvaWarma 

da medrove-bedismaZiebelma swored monRolebis droindel 

saqarTveloSi hpova farTo asparezi saqmosnuri moRvaweobisaTvis. 

monRolTa mier saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri 

atmosferos naSobni iyvnen Sadinis, enuq arqunis, sadunisa 

da sxvaTa odiozuri saxelebi. 

damorCilebul qveynebSi monRolTa politikis umTavresi 

Sinaarsi adgilobrivi centraluri xelisuflebis Sesusteba 

da mTliani qveynis daSla-danawileba iyo. amA mizans emsaxureboda 

rogorc saqarTvelos didebulTa feodaluri separatizmisaTvis 

mxardaWera, ise ucxo eTnikuri elementis dawinaureba 

saqarTvelos politikur asparezze. ganviTarebuli 

negatiuri procesis Sedegad qarTuli samefos calkeuli nawilebi 

TandaTanobiT gamodiodnen centraluri xelisuflebis 

kontrolidan da monRol ufliswul-dedoflebisa da sxva 

didebulebis mfarvelobaSi gadadiodnen (xasinjus wesis Tanaxmad). 

sul male aRmosavleTi somxeTi, faqtobrivad, yaenis pirveli 

veziris samflobelod iqca, riTac, SeiZleba iTqvas, saqarTvelos- 

3 Tovma mewofeci. istoria Temur-lengisa da misi STamomavlobisa. Tb., 1987. gv 62.

144 145 

agan somxeTis Camocilebis tendencias ukve am xanaSive Caeyara 

safuZveli. XV s. damdegisaTvis Turqmanebma saqarTvelos 

sabolood moglijes somxeTi da iq pirSeuqcevlad aRmosavluri 

barbarosul-feodaluri urTierTobani gaabatones. momTabaruli 

cxovrebis wesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli uflebrivi 

normebis danergvam da somxuri feodaluri gvarebis sistematurma 

devnam da ganadgurebam qveyana erovnuli katastrofis winaSe 

daayena. daiqca da gaveranda qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis 

pirobebSi ayvavebuli somxuri qalaqebi. wyaroebis mowmobiT, 

XIV s. bolosaTvis mdidari tradiciebis qalaqi anisi uRim- 

Ramo sofels damsgavseboda, xolo dvini saerTod gamqraliyo. 

upatronod darCenili SeWirvebuli xalxi aiyara da didi 

masebiT gadaixvewa mezobel Tu Soreul qveynebSi. gansakuTrebiT 

farTo xasiaTi am procesma XV s. miiRo _ raRac saukune, 

saukunenaxevarSi TiTqmis mTeli msoflio mcire somxuri koloniebiT 

moifina. araratis velisa da araqsis mimdgomi raionebi 

daicala adgilobrivi mosaxleobisagan da misi adgili 

ucxo eTnikurma masebma daikaves. 

mkveTrad icvleba politikuri viTareba amierkavkasiaSi 

Temur-lengis rvagzisi Semosevis Semdeg. somxeTi mTlianad 

mowyda saqarTvelos. ufro metic, TviT iseTi uSinaganesi 

olqi, rogoric lore iyo, ZiriTadad, mtris xelSi aRmoCnda. 

erTob niSandoblivia somexi gadamweris cnoba ufliscixis 

midamoebSi sumbatisa da beSqenis mTavrobis Sesaxeb. sivnieTidan 

maTi gamodevnis Semdegac, aSkaraa, isini saqarTvelos 

mTavrebad iTvlebodnen iseve, rogorc somxeTi saqarTvelos 

nawilad ganixileboda. mxolod aseTi Segnebisa da iuridiuli 

gaazrebis pirobebSi SeiZleboda devnili sivnieTis mTavrebis 

feodaluri uflebebi amjerad ufliscixis midamoebze 

gaevrcelebinaT. G 

aleqsandre I-ma 1431 w. lore daibruna, rasac sivnieTis 

SemoerTebac mohyva, T. mewofecis cnobiT, 6 aTasi komli somxuri 

mosaxleobiT. 1435-1436 ww. Sahrohma daarbia sivnieTi. 

ase rom, 1435-1438 ww. sivnieTidan saqarTveloSi 6000 komli 

somxuri mosaxleoba unda Semosuliyo, rac TavisTavadac 

sakmaod didi cifria.G 

magram am faqtis gadaWarbebiT Sefasebac, vfiqrob, ar unda 

iyos gamarTlebuli, ramdenadac maTi gaCena yovelTvis ar iyo 

ganpirobebuli maincdamainc vrceli da kompaqturi mosaxleobis 

sulieri moTxovnilebebiT. arc Tu iSviaTad, somxur 

eklesia-salocavebsa da xaCqarebs sulis mosaxseneblad calkeuli 

mdidari vaWrebi an SeZlebul enTuziastTa mcire jgufebi 

agebdnen, rac arafriT ar iyo dakavSirebuli romeliRac 

Temis saWiroebasTan. G 

roca saistorio wyaroebSi ara gvaqvs konkretuli mi- 

TiTebebi qarTlsa da kaxeTSi somxuri Temebis arsebobis 

Sesaxeb (laparakia XIV-XV ss-ze) da ar aris miniSnebebi 

Temebad somexTa gadmosaxlebaze, yovel SemTxvevaSi, motanil 

lapidarul ZeglebSi, naadrevia msjeloba maT realobaze. 

mogvianebiT ki, roca XIX s. marTlac Seiqmna saqarTveloSi 

aqa-iq kompaqturi somxuri dasaxlebebi, es movlena maSinve 

aisaxa werilobiT wyaroebSi da lapidarul warwerebSic. 

movitanT TviT muradianisave (zemoT ukve xsenebuli somexi 

mecnieri-a.u.) gamoqveynebuli warwerebidan ramdenimes: niCbis- 

Si-„1867 w. eklesia avageT Cvena somxisa sazogadoebama Cveni 

sakuTari SromiTa~. muxranSi — „1843 w. SemweobiTa da 

RvawliTa somexTa guarTa, romelnic imyofebian sofelsa Sina 

muxrans, dadga eklesia es somxisa~. Aanda „1839 w. aRvaSeneT 

eklesia ese (wminda) giorgisa Cven zertSi mcxovrebelT 

erTobiT qarTvelTa da somexTa sasaflaod Cvenis muSakobi- 

Ta~ (am warweraze Cven kidev gveqneba msjeloba). 

XIV-XV ss-Si somexi ltolvilebi Tuki marTlac mTeli 

soflebiT moemarTebodnen da esaxlebodnen saqarTveloSi, 

rogorc amas p. muradiani amtkicebs, ar SeiZleboda am movlenis 

kvali ara Tu wyaroebSi, aramed toponimikaSi mainc ar 

asaxuliyo. samecniero literaturaSi kargadaa cnobili, rom 

gadasaxlebul mosaxleobas axal sacxovrisSi xSirad Tan 

mihqonda Tavisi adrindeli sacxovrisis saxelwodeba, gansakuTrebiT 

maSin, roca is Temebad esaxleboda. aqedan gamomdinare, 

mecnierebi (umeteswilad eTnografebi) paraleluri, 

sexnia toponimebis daZebniT axerxeben msgavsi migraciuli 

procesebis suraTis aRdgenas.

146 147 

iq, sadac did koleqtivebad moxda somexTa gadasaxleba, 

es movlena kidec saTanadod aisaxa toponimikaSi. magaliTad, 

somxeTis julfidan iranSi gadasaxlebulebma Tavis axal 

dasaxlebas „nor julfa~ e.i. axali julfa uwodes, ruseTis 

somxurma koloniam „axali naxWevani~ da sxva» [26]. 

«Suasaukuneebis TiTqmis yvela mwerlisa da istorikosis 

gamokvlevis Sedegad, arc erTi maTgani ar adasturebs 

somxebis SeTxzul cnobas, gadmocemuls b-n saruxanis mier 

gaz. „mSakis“ furclebze, TiTqos „Zveli droidganve saqarTvelos 

qalaqebis da sakuTriv tfilisis qalaqis erTa-mcxovrebTa 

meti nawili somxebi yofiliyvnen“. xolo mefe aleqsandre 

pirveli Tavis erT gujarSi ixseniebs aT koml somxebs, 

TrialeTis mxares. es imnairi somxebia, romlebsac vaxuSti 

borCalos aRweraSi ase asaxelebs: „am adgilTa Sina mosaxleni 

arian sarwmunoebiT somexni da mciredad qarTlis sarwmunoebisa, 

aramed qceva-zniT qarTuliTa“ (vaxuStis ReoRrafia, 

aRwera saqarTveloisa, gv. 145; aseve ix. „iveria“ 1901 

w. # 119, 1902 w. ## 149, 154, 170 dqa 175). „eseni ueWvelad 

qarTvelni arian, vinaidan somxebi, ZiriTadad, arsad znes 

ar icvlian. sxvaTa Soris, mogzauri gambac hmowmobs, rom 

saqarTveloSi somxebi arasfriT emsgavsebian qarTvelebs da 

maTSi irCevian TavianTi zne-CveulebiTo“ (Voyage de Gamba, t. 

2, p. 188. Paris, 1826. aseve ix. „Mission scientifique en Perse” par J. de 

Morgan, vol. 1, p. 58. Paris, 1894). am da mraval sxva sabuTze 

dayrdnobiT SegviZlia calsaxad vTqvaT, rom qarTvelTa tomisad 

Seiracxeba yoveli, romlebsac somxebisa marto sarwmunoeba 

aqvT da ara zne-Cveuleba (ix. mag. b. kldia, „iveria“ 

1902 w.; prof. a. xaxanaSvili, rus. gazeTi „kavkazi“; b. lasi, 

„iveria“, 17 ianvari, 1904 w. da a.S.). 

Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar uarvyofT, rom somxebi saqarTveloSi 

iyvnen uZvelesi droidan – es mezobeli qveynebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia. 

aseve, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, vidre zRvaze da 

okianiT mgzavroba ganviTardeboda, Tbilisi iyo xidi da 

sawyobi evropasa da azias Soris. amitom, ra Tqma unda, sxva 

tomebs Soris somxebs ukanaskneli kia ara, pirveli adgili 

unda sWerodaT iq myofTa Soris da arc is aris gamoricx- 

uli, rom im xanad saqarTveloSi myof somex vaWrebs Tavian- 

Ti eklesiac hqonodaT TbilisSi. magram yovelive es ar iyo 

im raodenobiT da im masStabis, rogorsac somexi mwerlebi 

weren da iCemeben. Zvel dros maTi gavlenac ar iyo didi 

sazogadoebaze, maT is adgili da mniSvneloba hqoniaT, rogoric 

Seefereboda ara mkvidr kacsa da mosaxleobas. 

aseve aRvniSnoT, rom somxebma vaWrobis niWi gamoavlines 

metad me-17 saukunidan, rodesac Sah-abasma somxebi sparseTSi 

gadaasaxla da misca maT auracxeli simdidre, raTa evropasa 

da sxva adgilebSi evaWraT. amasve amtkiceben evropeli mwerlebi. 

turnefordi, sxvaTa Soris, mogviTxrobs: „erTi sityviT, 

Sah-abasma somxis glexebi vaWrebad gaxada; es vaWrebi 

aReb-micemis saqmeSi ganTqmulni Seiqmnen mTels qveyanazedo“ 

(Turnefort, Relation d’un voyage, tom. 2, p. 158). 

unda gaviTvaliswinoT erTi garemoebac: Znelad Tu moiZebneba 

meore iseTi qveyana, romelsac amdeni gauTavebeli omi da 

brZola hqonodes Tavisi sarwmunoebisa da uflebebis dacvisaTvis, 

rogorc saqarTvelos. aseT qveyanaSi mxolod mas 

SeeZlo cxovreba, visac Zireulad uyvarda Tavisi qveyana, sarwmunoeba, 

adaT-wesebi da Cveulebani, yovelive is, risTvisac 

mas eomebodnen, xocavdnen da aviwrovebdnen. somxebsac mravali 

mteri hyavdaT, magram maTgan Tavis dasaRwevad saqarTveloSi 

gaqcevas azri ara hqonda, vinaidan somxeTis momaoxrebeli 

ueWvelad saqarTvelosac esxmoda Tavs. es ar gamoricxavs 

droebiT Semoxizvnebs, ufro Zlieri qveynisaTvis droebiT 

Tavis Sefarebas. somexi istorikosebi mogviTxroben, magali- 

Tad, rom sumbati, somxebis mTavari kuropalati, ramodenime 

somxis TavadiTa da jariT, 704 w. Sexizvnia foTs, sadac eqvs 

weliwads darCenila. amis Semdeg, Sexiznul somxebs erTian 

qalaqi da eklesiebi gauqurdiaT da isev dabrunebulan TavianT 

qveynebSi (ix. varTanis istoria, gv. 59; aseve axolikis 

istoria, wigni II, Tavi 4). aseve somxis erTi patriarqi, ioane 

VI, Sexizvnia saqarTvelos mefes 920 wels (S. Martin, t. 1, p. 

361). 

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos is movlena, rom VI saukuneSi, 

rodesac somxeTis eklesia mwvaleblobaSi STavarda da gae

148 149 

yara saqarTvelos eklesias, didi uTanxmoeba Camovarda maT 

Soris; mas aqeT daiwyo erTmaneTis SeCveneba. magaliTad, rodesac 

daviT aRmaSenebelma kreba moawvevina somxebis Sesagoneblad 

da WeSmaritebaze mosaqcevad, somxebi ase arian moxseniebulni: 

„xolo Seikriba odesme winaSe mefisa naTesavi gul-arZnili, 

yovlad borotTa somexTa episkoposebisao“ (qarTlis cxovreba, 

nawili I, gv. 258). sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebze davisas 

daviT mefem sircxvileul-yo somexi episkoposebi, romlebmac 

Tavi damarcxebulad aRiares, magram WeSmaritebas mainc ar 

daubrundnen. 

qarTvelTa Seurigeblobas somxis sarwmunoebisadmi 

gviCvenebs erTi magaliTi: zaqaria mxargrZelma moindoma qarTul 

wirvaze wminda ziarebis miReba, magram qarTlis kaTalikosma, 

miuxedavad didi saero damsaxurebisa, saSinlad uZraxa zaqarias 

da wina rigebidan gaaZeva. am SemTxvevis gamo zaqariam mouwoda 

somxis episkoposebs qarTvelebTan sarwmunoebrivi Serigebisaken, 

magram orma krebam ver SeZlo Serigeba da ganxeTqileba 

kidev ufro gaRrmavda. misioner galano klementes 

gaegona aseTi andaza: „ukeTu vinme Cvengans fexSi ekali Seesos 

da gavla mouxdes somxis eklesiis win, unda moiTminos 

da ar daidrikos mis gamosaRebad, raTa miT aravis egonos, 

rom igi Tayvans scems somxebis eklesias, romelic gasakicxia 

yvela qristianisagan“ (Clemens Galanus, Conci. Eccl. Arm. cum 

Romana, tom. 3, c, 12, p. 120. Romae, 1661). Sardeni aRniSnavs: 

„somxebs da qarTvelebs erTmaneTi Zriel sZulsT; erTmanerTSi 

aras dros SeuRldebian. kerZod, qarTvelebs gansakuTrebuli 

zizRi aqvsT somxebisa da maT ise racxaven, rogorc 

Cven evropaSi uriebs“, „am soflebSi (sparseTSi, Tavrizis 

axlos – a.u.) mometebulad cxovroben qristianebi, qarTvelebi 

da somxebi, magram ara erTmaneTTan SereviT: am or toms iseTi 

mtroba da simZulvare aqvs erTmaneTisa, rom ar SeuZliaT 

erTad dadgnen da erTsa da imave sofelSi icxovrono“ (Voyage 

de Chardin, tom. 1, p. 123; p. 149). 

es garemoeba ver iqneboda somxebis gadmosaxlebis xelSemwyobi 

da, Tu mogvianebiT mainc moxda aseTi gadmosaxleba, 

es ganpirobebuli iyo ufro didi ubedurebiTa da ufro 

didi gansacdeliT, rac somex xalxs daatyda, gansakuTrebiT 

TurqeTSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom am gadmosaxlebis Semdeg 

qarTul regionebSi dasaxlebuli somxebi ewevian gasomxebis 

agresiul politikas, romelic Seexeba ara marto monofizit 

(gasomxebul) qarTvelebs, aramed gafrangebulebsac, romelTac 

akargvineben enas, zne-Cveulebebsa da adaT_wesebs. amis 

Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT Semdeg TavSi visaubrebT. aseve 

„gasomxeba“ mimarTuli iyo qarTuli memkvidreobisadmi, kulturis 

Zeglebisadmi da qmnilebebisadmi, gansakuTrebiT – qarTuli 

taZrebisadmi, razec wina TavSi gvqonda saubari. 

sxvadasxva qveynis istoria imas mogviTxrobs, rom winad 

da Sua saukuneebSic dawiokebuli da otebuli somxebisaTvis 

Sesaxizni da uSiSari adgili saqarTvelo ar iyo, aramed – 

umetesad romis sabrZanebeli. rodesac meoTxe saukuneSi sapor 

(Sabur-a.u.) meorem erTian moaoxra somxeTi da daatyveva 

arSak mefe, maSin, ambobs sen-marteni, yovelma dinastiam, SiSiT 

Tavzardacemulma, miutova sparselebs Tavisi colSvili, qoneba 

da gaeSura romis sabrZanebelSi Tavis Sesafarado (S. Martin, 

Journal Asiatique, an. 1830, tom, 1, p. 206, Paris). VI saukuneSi, 

rodesac xosro pirvelma sarwmunoebis gamo dauwyo devna 

somxebs, isini keisar iustiniane meores Seexiznen da Semweoba 

da mfarveloba sTxoves (Evagrius, Ecclesiae). sirieli barhebreusi 

Tavis qronikebSi mogviTxrobs somxebis or gzis 

gadasaxlebas romis sabrZanebelSi. pirveli momxdara 961- 

964 wlebSi, arabebisagan otebulni, meored 993 wels, rodesac 

romaelebs daupyriaT manZagerda (manaskerti-a.u.) da arxiski. 

am dros iyo, rom somxebma datoves TavianTi qveyana, 

daiwyes gadasaxleba da gaavses kabadokia, kilikia da siria 

(Bar-Hebraus, Siriacum Chronikon, p. 200, 213. Roma, 1789). aman 

xeli Seuwyo somxebis Sedgom gadasaxlebas. keisrebma didi 

sasomxeTis mTavrebi miizides, CamoarTves mamulebi da mis 

nacvlad misces sxva da sxva qalaqebi TavianT sabrZanebelSi. 

magaliTad, 1042 wels konstantine monomaqosma miizida mefe 

xakigi, CamoarTva ani da mis nacvlad misca kesariaSi ori 

qalaqi – galanbeladi da biZu. misma naTesavma, yarsis mTavarma, 

1064 wels konstantine dukas dauTmo yarsi da mis nacv

150 151 

lad miiRo Zamentavas qalaqi kapadokiaSi. amasve ambobs mek__b. 

dadiani: somxebma X, XI saukuneebSi daiwyes gadasaxleba berZnis 

sabrZanebelSi, raTa iq TavSesafari adgili eSovaTo. aseve 

umatebs, rom 1169 w., anis aRebis dros, 7000 meti somexi 

TavianTi mTavrebiT Seixiznen konstantinepolSio (Mek.-B. 

Dadian, Siciete Armenienne contemporaine, p. 1, 10. Paris, 1867). 

erTma somxebis mier camde amaRlebulma somxis mweralma, 

Sahnazarianma, parizSi 1856 w. frangulad gamosca sasomxeTis 

Semoklebuli istoria. am istoriaSi dawvrilebiT aRniSnavs 

TiTqmis yvela drois gadasaxlebas somxebisas sxva da sxva 

qveynebSi, magram srulebiT arafers ambobs saqarTveloSi 

somxebis gadmosaxlebaze. igi miuTiTebs Semdeg gadasaxlebebze: 

450 wlidan 550 wlamde gadasaxldnen mizandaransa, xorosansa, 

neizhapursa da kuzhistanSi (kuxistanSi-a.u.); arabebma 

marto dvinidan gaiyvanes 35000 somexi! berZeni keisrebis 

ZaldatanebiT somxebma datoves sasomxeTi da gadasaxldnen 

berZnebis samflobeloebSi. mravali somexi, 452 wels, 

iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo berZnuli tipikoni. maT „hai-urumebi“ 

(Hai-Horim) daerqvaT. bizantiis samefo bevrs ecada da 

gadaasaxla isini konstantinopolSi, makedoniaSi, epirSi, bulgareTSi 

da mTels awindel osmaleTSi. mavra (mavrikios-a.u.) 

keisarma 582 wels gaavso Traqia somxebiT da maTgan Seadgina 

Tavisi saukeTeso razmebi. konstantine kopronimos mexuTem, 

VIII saukuneSi aiRo arzrumi da iqidan gadaasaxla 

somxebi Tavis sabrZaneblis sxvadasxva adgilebSi. Sapus amuneli 

gaeqca arabebs da gadasaxlda saberZneTSi, waiyola 12000 

somexi TavianTi col-SviliT. rubenianebis dinastiis dacemis 

Semdeg, 30000 komli somxebisa gadasaxlda kviprosze, 

rodosze da kandiis kunZulebze. somxebi saberZneTSi saxldebodnen 

vidre iustine meoris mefobamde. emirbuRam 850 

w. mTlianad moaoxra somxeTi, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad 

aiyara da gadasaxlda egvipteSi, arabeTSi, palestinaSi, sitriaSi, 

babilonsa da sxv. adgilebSi. marto egvipteSi 30000 

sulze meti gadasaxlda. somxebi saxldebodnen Tu maT asaxlebdnen 

poloneTSi, safrangeTSi, romSi, ruseTSi, yirimSi da 

a.S. marto kafiaSi, anu TeodosiaSi 100 000 somexi iyo. es 

gadasaxlebebi saukuneebi grZeldeboda da, Tu kidev darCnen 

somxebi did sasomxeTSi, maT iq yofnas bolo mouRo Temurlengis 

Semosevam. Temurlengma, vinc mis xmals gadaurCa, 

gadaasaxla skitaSi. sxva didi jgufi, 200 000 suli, gadasaxlda 

poloneTSi. somxebis poloneTSi dasaxlebas 1604 

wels gvamcnobs iezuiti iakob vilote. 

aseTive didi ubedureba daatydaT Tavs mcire somxeTis 

somxebsac, rodesac 1375 wels egviptelebma aiRes kilikia 

da daatyveves somxebis ukanaskneli mefe leon VI, luziniani. 

erTi somxis mier frangulad dawerili istoria mogviTxrobs: 

„mefobis dacemis Semdgom ganyrili somxebis dasasjelad 

RmerTma maTi umecarTa xrova gahfanta sxvadasxva ucxo qveynebSi: 

poloneTsa, maldavias, vlaxeTsa, ungreTsa, yirimsa, ruseTsa, 

sparseTsa da saberZneTSi, sadac iZulebulni gaxdnen, SeeTvisebinaT 

zne-Cveuleba, ena da kanonebi am ucxo tomTa, romelnic 

maT gansakuTrebiT sZuldaTo“ (Rome et’Armenie depuis le commencemenr 

du IV-e siecle jusque en 1830, par X... p.62). 

yovelive zemoTqmulSi CvenTvis sagulisxmo is aris, rom, 

IV saukunidan vidre XVI saukunemde, somxebis gadasaxlebas 

sxvadasxva qveynebSi dawvrilebiT aRgviweren istoriebi da 

erT sityvasac ar amboben, somxebi rodesme saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebuliyvnen. 

es bunebrivic iyo, vinaidan somxebis gadasaxleba, 

erTi mxriv, xdeboda somxebis dampyrobelTa mier, ZiriTadad, 

TavianT sabrZaneblebSi; meore mxriv, Tavad somxebi 

garbodnen SedarebiT uSiSar adgilebSi, xolo saqarTvelo 

aseTs ar warmoadgenda, vinaidan somxeTis mooxrebis Semdeg 

imave dampyroblis mier, rogorc wesi, xdeboda saqarTvelos 

mooxrebac da piriqiT. somxebis gadmosaxleba saqarTveloSi 

mogvianebiT daiwyo, rodesac igi gaxda am regionSi imdroindeli 

Zlieri qveynebis politikis nawili» [4]. 

am politikis ZiriTadi mizani iyo urCi da mebrZoli 

saqarTvelos damorCileba, misi xerxemlis – marTlmadideblobis 

Sesusteba, aseve, erovnuli TviTSegnebis – marTlmadideblobasTan 

SenivTebuli kulturis, adaT-wesebisa da zne- 

Cveulebebis daqveiTeba da mospoba. somxebs am TvalsazrisiT 

evalebodaT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gasomxeba, rac mTavar

152 153 

ia, monofizitur sarwmunoebaze iZulebiT Tu sxvadasxva prozelituri 

saSualebiT gadayvana, aseve gafrangebuli qarTvelebis 

gasomxeba. es procesi XVII saukunidan xorcieldeboda. 

«sparseTi da TurqeTi, XVI-XVIII ss. Seqmnili gansakuTrebuli 

politikuri viTarebidan gamomdinare, ebrZodnen ara 

yvela qristianul konfesias, aramed mxolod marTlmadideblobas 

saqarTveloSi. sparseTsa da osmaleTs saqarTvelo 

erTmaneTs Soris hqondaT gayofili, dasavleTi da samxreTi 

saqarTvelo – osmaleTs, xolo aRmosavleTi – iranis gavlenis 

sferos warmoadgenda. 

XVII s. dasawyisSi mkveTrad Seicvala saerTaSoriso vi- 

Tareba – CrdiloeTSi swrafad viTardeboda da farTovdeboda 

marTlmadidebluri ruseTi, romelic samxreTisaken 

moiwevda da kavkasionis qeds uaxlovdeboda. ruseTma sparseTsa 

da osmaleTs waarTva maTi gavlenis sferoebi: yirimi, 

Crdilo Savi zRvispireTi, Crdilo kavkasia, dunaispireTi, 

moadga kaspiis zRvispireTs. igi apirebda konstantinepolis 

aRebas, bosforis srutis gakontrolebasa da xmelTaSua 

zRvaze gasvlas, aseve, iranis gavliT indoeTis okeaneze gasvlas. 

aqedan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZenda 

kavkasia, kerZod ki _ saqarTvelo, romelic iranisa da Turqe- 

Tis mier erTmorwmune ruseTis potenciur mokavSired iTvleboda, 

romlis daxmarebiTac ruseTi SeZlebda kavkasiis 

aRebas. es prognozi momavalSi gamarTlda. amitom sparseTosmaleTis 

mTeli politika kavkasiaSi iqiTken warimarTa, 

rom rogorme xeli SeeSalaT saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris 

mokavSireobisTvis da aqedan gamomdinare – moespoT 

saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebloba. 

am miznis misaRwevad sparseT-osmaleTi fiqrobda somxebis 

gamoyenebasac, vinaidan qristianobis saxeliT SesaZlebeli iqneboda 

mravali marTlmadideblis cduneba, marTlmadideblobidan 

somxis rjulze gadayvana da Semdeg gasomxeba» [6]. 

«sagulisxmo wyaroebis zedmiwevniT Seswavlis safuZvelze 

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom somxebs gadmosaxleba da 

saqarTveloSi damkvidreba dauwyiaT XVII saukunis damdegs 

(SeiZleba, XVI saukunis bolosac, magram ara ufro adre). 

misioneri klemente galano, romelic saqarTveloSi 1632 w. 

Camovida, ambobs, rom „awindel droebSi maT (qarTvelebs-a.u.) 

Soris bevri somexi cxovrobso“ (Clemens Galanus, Conci. Eccl. 

Arm. cum Romana, tom. 1, p. 120. Romoe, 1650), „awindel droeb- 

Sio“ da ara ZvelTagano. kapucinebis arqivSi aris 1675 wels 

dawerili cnobac: „garna ukanasknel xanebSi sparselebma gaadides 

tfilisi, umTavresi qalaqi, da aRavses igi erTian 

somxebiTa, ris gamo vaWrobam iwyo warmatebao“. 

somxebis gadmosaxleba moxda Sah-abas pirvelis mier 

saqarTvelos mooxrebisa da qarTvelTa sparseTSi gadasaxlebis 

Semdeg. „Sah-abasma 50000 meti ojaxoba waiyvana da 

daasaxla Sirvansa, mazanderansa da sasomxeTSi; xolo maT 

adgils gadmoasaxla sparselebi da somxebi“ (Histoire de Kemiski, 

p. 24, Paris, 1687). Sardeni asaxelebs wartyvevnil qarTvel- 

Ta 80000 komls. nadir Sahis mefobis dros (1687-1747 w.) 

otebuli somxebis didi nawili Camosaxlebula saqarTvelo- 

Si» [4]. 

3. 3. „mefe „mefe erekles erekles droSia...” 

droSia...” 

rodesac somxebis pretenziebs ismen, romlebmac, lamisaa, 

mtkvris mTeli marjvena sanapiro somxeTad gamoacxadon, 

gakvirvebas iwvevs _ rogor iviwyeben somexi moRvaweebi im 

faqts, rom, sul mcire, bolo aTaswleulis manZilze somxeTi 

an saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda, an misi moxarke iyo 

da mis gavlenis sferos ganekuTvneboda; magram, miuxedavad 

amisa, Cven, qarTvelebs, somxeTisaTvis araferi mogviTxovia da 

araferi gviTqvams, somxeTi istoriul saqarTvelod ar gamogvicxadebia. 

Tavi rom davaneboT daviT aRmaSeneblisa da 

Tamar mefis epoqas, sul raRac ornaxevari saukunis win, 

Teimuraz II-is mefobis Sedegad da erekle II-s mefobis dros, 

somxeTi saqarTvelos moxarke iyo da, faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos 

SemadgenlobaSi Sesasvlelad iyo gamzadebuli. 

«1747 w. nadir Sahma irans autaneli gadasaxadebi Seawera, 

ramac mTel qveyanaSi manamade arnaxuli ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. 

pirveli qarTl-kaxeTi ajanyda. mas mxari auba erevanma,

154 155 

ganja-yarabaRma, azerbaijanma. ajanyeba SigniT iransac moedo. 

male nadir Sahi SeTqmulebma mokles, iranSi saSineli anarqia 

gamefda, taxtis pretendentebma erTmaneTs daries xeli. amasobaSi 

ki erekle meorem aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo yizilbaSebisagan 

gawminda. aRarc „osmaloba“ iyo da aRarc „yizilbaSoba“, 

„qarTveloba Seiqna“. es iyo udidesi saamierkavkasio 

mniSvnelobis movlena. am xalxebis ganmaTavisuflebel 

moZraobas mkvidri safuZveli eqmneboda. savsebiT marTalia 

akad. c. aRaiani, roca wers: „qarTvelobis aRdgenam sayovelTao 

zeimi gamoiwvia da ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolis axali aRmavlobis 

safuZveli Seiqna... saqarTvelos gaZliereba saukunovani 

ucxo uRlisagan mTeli amierkavkasiis ganTavisuflebis 

imeds saxavda“. amieridan somexTa mTeli gulisyuri mipyrobili 

iyo Teimuraz_ereklesaken da maT daxmarebaze agebdnen 

somxeTis ganTavisuflebis gegmebs. qarTvelTa gamarjveba 

somxebsac ukeTesi momavlis imeds unergavda» [11]. 

«erekle mefem 1780 w. erevnidan somxebi gadmoasaxla 

TbilisSi da sxva adgilebSi. amas mogviTxrobs erTi somxis 

mRvdeli ohanes uoskherdjani, romlis naTqvamic klaportma 

parizSi 1818 w. dabeWda. es wyaro aseve gviCvenebs, rom 1804 

wels, rodesac yarsSi ciciSvilma erTian daamarcxa sparselebi, 

maSin yofilma somxis arqiepiskoposma saqarTveloSi wamoiyvana 

yvela iqauri somexi Tbilisis axlos, tafa-taRlSi, zogic 

Tbiliss moiyvana da daayena avlabarSi, sadac auSena erTi 

eklesia (Klaporth, Memories relatifs a l’Asie, tom. 1, p. 226. Paris, 

1926-28). am somxebs 1820 wels daemata didi jgufi, romlebmac 

gaaSenes qarvasla (Gamba, Voyage dans la Russie, tom. 2, 

p.160)» [4]. 

«erekle qveynis fexze dayenebas somxuri kapitalis meSveobiT 

apirebda. garkveulwilad es moaxerxa kidec (alaverdis 

vercxlis sabadoebi da Tbilisis mrewveloba), amitomac 

somxebTan erTxans garkveul daTmobazec ki midioda, radgan 

igi aRmaSeneblis droindeli saxelmwifos Seqmnas apirebda 

(somxuri miwebi Zlieri saxelmwifos farglebSi) da etyoba, 

ara icoda ra ruseT-eCmiaZinis kavSiris Sesaxeb (rac 1769 w. 

oficialurad gaformda). 

mogvianebiT ereklec mixvda rusTa da somexTa garkveul 

„xrikebs“, rom carizms „Zlieri“ saqarTvelo araferSi Wirdeboda 

da mokavSiris Zebna isev dasavleTis saxelmwifoebSi 

daiwyo. aseTad man germaniis imperatori miiCnia da mimowera 

isev patrebis meSveobiT scada, Tumca, misi arc erTi epistole 

adresatamde ar misula. ase iyo, Tu ise, kaTolike 

misionerebs xelisuflebam Tavisufali moqmedebis saSualeba 

misca, magram arc es iyo xangrZlivi, sul male caristulma 

xelisuflebam (qarTl-kaxeTi sakuTar guberniebad rom aqcia) 

maT frTebi Seakveca» [14]. 

«o. xerxeuliZis cnobiT, erevnis „moxarkeoba da samsaxuri“ 

saqarTvelosadmi 1749 wlidan dawyebula, roca qarTul 

laSqars mahmad-xanis rbevisagan dauxsnia saxano. „moxarkeobis“ 

xasiaTsa da SinaarsSi garkvevis saSualebas gvaZleven 

erevnis xanis werilebi erekle II-isadmi, romelTa erTi nawili 

jer kidev 1961 w. gamosca vl. fuTuriZem. am sabuTebis 

mowmobiT, erevnis saxanos urTierToba qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan 

ubralo moxarkeobaze ki ar yofila agebuli, aramed 

igi politikurad eqvemdebareboda mezobel qarTul samefos: 

1. xanis damtkiceba erekle II-is uflebas Seadgenda da misi 

dasturis gareSe igi mmarTvelobas ver Seudgeboda. iyo SemTxvevebi, 

roca erevnis xanis taxtze qarTuli samefosaTvis 

arasasurveli piri aRmoCndeboda xolme, magram aseTi xanis 

gadayenebasa da ufro sasurveli piriT Secvlas erekle TiTqmis 

yovelTvis axerxebda. 2. saxanoSi erekles Tavisi oficialuri 

mudmivi warmomadgeneli hyavda, romelic Tvalyurs adevnebda 

xanis saqmianobas (amas qarTuli wyaroebic aRniSnaven). 3. 

erekle II saxanos saSinao saqmeebSic ereoda. XVIII s. 80-ian 

wlebSi mas erevnis sabaJos ijara Seumcirebia, rasac xanis 

didi gaWirveba da wuxili gamouwvevia. da bolos 4. gadakveTili 

yovelwliuri xarkic CamoTvlil pirobebSi politikuri 

daqvemdebarebis damadasturebeli iyo. qarTl-kaxe- 

Tis samefos sasargeblod dadgenili xarkis odenoba Tuki 

1749 w. SeTanxmebiT xuTi aTas Tumans Seadgenda, SemdegSi es 

TandaTan 40 aTas Tumnamde gadidebula. o. xerxeuliZis mixedviT, 

es damokidebuleba aRa-mahmad-xanis Semosevamde gagrZele

156 157 

bula, Tumca, arc amis Semdeg moSlila erTxel dadgenili 

urTierToba. sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeTanxmebis 

Semdegac erevnis xani Tavis sammarTvelo qveyanas 

saqarTvelos Semadgenel nawilad miiCnevda (Í. Äóáðîâèí –Â 

Ãðóçèè, „Âåñòíèê Åâðîïû“ ò. II, ÖÏÁ,1868, ñ.9-52.) 

amrigad, erevnis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikuri 

daqvemdebarebis qveS naxCevanis saxanoc moeqca da aq mdgomi 

qarTuli garnizoni ukve ganja-yarabaRis somxur mosaxleobas 

aRuZravda mfarvelobis imeds. erovnebiT qarTveli baman-xani 

adgilobrivi somexi qristianebis mxardaWeriT sargeblobda, 

romelTagan specialuri jaric ki CamouyalibebiaT. 

leo mas kacTmoyvare mmarTvels uwodebda da aRniSnavda, rom 

mis dros somxebma SeZles suli moeTqvaT. erevan-naxCevnis 

SemoerTeba qarTl-kaxeTis gaZlierebis morigi aqti iyo da, 

Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobda amierkavkasiis qristiani xalxebis 

saqarTvelos garSemo darazmvas» [11]. 

aseve gikvirs adamians: Teimuraz mefisa da erekle mefis 

mier somxeTisTvis gaweuli sikeTis wil, madlierebis sanacvlod, 

Ralatsa da simuxTles rogor iteven somexni gulsa 

da gonebaSi. «XVIII s-is meore naxevarSi warmoiSva maxlobeli 

aRmosavleTis xalxebis „qarTuli orientacia“, rac 

naTlad gamoixata qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan SeerTebis maT 

daucxromel miswrafebaSi. erTi sityviT, qarTl-kaxeTis samefo 

kavkasiisa da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis qristiani xalxebis 

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis meTauri gamxdariyo. magram am 

didi misiis Sesruleba, rac sakuTari saxelmwifoebrivi 

amocanebis gadaWrasac gulisxmobda, ruseTis mxardaWeris 

gareSe ar SeeZlo. 

amjerad elCobas TviT Teimuraz II Caudga saTaveSi. qarTvel 

politikosTa am nabijma somexTa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba 

miipyro. umaRles doneze gaTvaliswinebuli molaparakeba 

imedis met SesaZleblobas iZleoda. amitom somexTa ganmaTavisuflebeli 

moZraobis moRvaweni ufro aqtiurad amoZravdnen 

da Seecadnen molaparakebisaTvis yovelnairad xeli SeewyoT. 

erevanSi, matenadaranis xelnawerTa fondebSi daculia sruliad 

somexTa kaTolikosis hakob Semaxecis werili, daTariRebu- 

li 1760 w. 26 ivnisiT. kaTolikosi TxovniT mimarTavs ruse- 

Tis imperatorsa da mTavrobas, mxari dauWiros Teimuraz 

mefes da mfarveloba gauwios qarTvel da somex xalxebs. 

werilSi yuradReba aqcentirebulia lekTa gauTavebeli Semosevebis 

gamanadgurebel Sedegebze da qarTveli mefeebis 

Seupovar brZolaze maT winaaRmdeg. aRwers ra lekTa saqciels, 

somexTa kaTalikosi wers: „aseT auwerel ubedurebaTa da 

gamouTqmel simwareTa gamo gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili 

qarTvelTa kurTxeuli mefe Teimurazi wamovida Tavisi 

qveynidan, sagzao siZneleni da sxvadasxva sazrunavi Tavs idva, 

qristianuli rwmeniT movida Tqveni keTilmsaxurebis winaSe, 

imedi aqvs ra yovlisSemZle RmerTisa da moelis ra Tqveni 

uwmindesobis wyalobas, raTa danarCen qristianTa xsnis daxmareba 

da saSualeba gTxovoT, romelnic didi locviTa da 

imediT mouTmenlad elian Svelas. amisTvis Cvenc gexvewebiT... 

misi da Cveni Txovnis Sesasruleblad izrunoT... da nu datovebT 

uyuradRebod da uimedod nu hyofT didad morwmune 

mefesa magas, da Cvenc, aqedan SemomavedrebelT, aramed, viTarca 

zrunavT Tqvens kurTxeul da gafurCqnul erze, gTxovT, eseve 

Cvens sabralo erze da qarTvelTa erze izrunoT...“. 

ganxilul dokumentSi yuradRebas iqcevs meore mniSvnelovani 

momentic: Teimurazi aq daxasiaTebulia ara mxolod 

qarTvel, aramed saerTo kavkasiel qristianTa moRvawed. kaTalikosis 

ganmartebiT, Teimurazi ase Sors gaemgzavra ara 

marto saqarTvelos gamosaxsnelad, aramed imisaTvisac, rom 

„danarCen qristianTa xsnis daxmareba“ iTavos. amitom molaparakebis 

SedegebiT qarTvelebTan erTad „danarCeni“ anu kavkasiis 

sxva qristianebic iseve dainteresebuli arian. 

Teimurazis elCobam somxuri burJuaziis sazRvargareTuli 

wreebis didi daintereseba gamoiwvia. isini somxuri 

saxelmwifos aRdgenas qarTvel-somexTa kavSiris ideasTan 

erTad ganixilavdnen da qarTul-somxuri federaciuli saxelmwifos 

Seqmnis sxvadasxva proeqtebs amuSavebdnen, amitom 

qarTveli mefis saTxovari perspeqtivaSi maT interesebs 

uSualod ukavSirdeboda. am moRvaweTa Soris somxuri ganmaTavisuflebeli 

moZraobis ruseTis centris saTaveSi idga

158 159 

somxuri savaWro kapitalis erT-erTi umsxvilesi warmomadgeneli, 

ruseTis mrewveli-memamule, „misi umaRlesobis imperatoris 

karis gofiuvileri“ ivane lazarevi. Teimuraz II-is 

moskovSi CasvlisTanave man axlo urTierToba daamyara qarTvel 

mefesTan da mniSvnelovani samsaxuric gauwia. amis gamo 1765 

w. 12 seqtembris werilSi erekle II madlobas uxdida i. 

lazarevs (werilis rusuli asli inaxeba lazarianTa arqiv- 

Si). 

Teimurazis peterburgSi yofnisas masTan urTierToba 

daamyara, agreTve, indoeTis somxuri burJuaziis warmomadgenelma, 

somxeTis gaTavisuflebisa da saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis 

aRdgenisaTvis brZolis didma enTuziastma ioseb 

eminma. 

...1762 wlidan erekle qarTl-kaxeTis erTpirovnuli xelmwife 

Seiqna da ufro energiulad ganagrZo amierkavkasiaSi 

hegemonobis Tavisi tradiciuli politika. 

kidev ufro ganmtkicda erekles mbrZanebloba somxeTSi. 

iSviaTi ostatobiT moagvara urTierToba mezoblebTan. ereklesgan 

davalebulma qerim-xanma oficialurad aRiara qarTveli 

mefis upiratesoba amierkavkasiaSi. o. xerxeuliZis mowmobiT, 

iranis mmarTvelma erekles „daumtkica erevani da miuwera 

xansa erevnisasa: „Sen raica xarki saxelmwifo gedvas, yovelsave 

mefes iraklis miscemde da hmorCilebde, viTarca ars 

wesi morCilebisa mefis iraklisa“. iransa da saqarTvelos 

Soris politikuri sazRvari kvlav md. arezze gadioda“. 

... 1765 w. ivnisSi erekle II-m axali laSqroba moawyo 

erevnis saxanoze. es laSqroba sakmaod dawvrilebiT aqvs aRwerili 

simeon erevnels Tavis „memuarebSi“. kaTalikosis Txrobidan 

gamovyofT ramdenime mniSvnelovan moments. 12 aTasiani 

laSqriT erekle saxanos teritoriaze Sevida. xani winaaRmdegobisaTvis 

samzadiss Seudga da mosaxleoba cixeSi Sexizna, 

kaTalikoss ki miswera: „Cven viciT, rom is (e.i. erekle II) 

Tqveni megobaria. amis gamo ar mogiyvaneT cixeSi, radganac 

misgan ar mogelodaT Tqven raime zianio“. kaTalikosis mowmobiT, 

xanma „waleka qveyana“, ramac mefe Zalze ganarisxa. erekle 

mefe „qristianulad“ iqceva: awesebs kontrols Tavisi laSqris 

moqmedebaze, raTa somexTa naTesebi ar daazianon. kaTalikosis 

TqmiT, „mefe metad swuxs da oxravs Cveni qveynis xalxis 

ubedurebis gamo“. Tavisi moqmedebiT qarTveli mefe xazs usvams, 

rom am qveyanaSi movida ucxo Zalis winaaRmdeg da somexTa 

dasacavad. aseve esmis xansac: misi dacva kaTolikoss ar sWiria. 

qarTveli mefe somexTa megobaria. 

... sakuTar saxelmwifoebriobas moklebuli (somexi-a.u) 

xalxis erTaderT damakavSirebel da gamaerTianebel Zalad 

XVIII s. somxuri eklesia gamodioda, romlis xeli dedamiwaze 

yvelgan swvdeboda, sadac ki somexi cxovrobda da somxuri 

salocavi idga. aseTi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis gamo 

dampyroblebi xels uwyobdnen mis ekonomikur gaZlierebas, 

sxvadasxva SeRavaTebsa da privilegiebs aniWebdnen, raTa Semdeg 

somexive xalxis damorCilebis mZlavr iaraRad eqciaT 

Tavis xelSi. Tundac ukve am garemoebis gamo somxur eklesias 

ar SeeZlo Tavisi eris mxsnelis simZime etvirTa. igi 

mxolod erovnuli arsebobis SenarCunebisaTvis ibrZoda, rac 

misive arsebobis mTavari piroba iyo, xolo Tavisi mdgomareobis 

ganmtkicebis garantias sarwmunoebrivi eqspansiiT mrevlis 

gazrdaSi xedavda, ris gamoc igi qarTul eklesiasac 

upirispirdeboda (iseve, rogorc kaTolikurs da yvela sxvas, 

romelTac am miswrafebebisaTvis xelis SeSla SeeZloT), miuxedavad 

imisa, rom qarTuli saxelmwifos keTilganwyobilebas 

am xanaSic eCmiaZinisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda. 

amitomac iyo, rom somxuri ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis 

moRvaweTa proeqtebSi ruseTis SesaZlebeli realuri 

daxmareba-mfarvelobis gverdiT mniSvnelovani adgili ekava 

saqarTvelosTan kavSirs. amisave mowmobaa somxuri feodaluri 

gvarebis mTeli rigi warmomadgenlebis gadawyvetileba, romlebic, 

iZulebiT miatoves ra samSoblo, dasaxldnen saqarTvelo- 

Si, qarTuli saxelmwifos samsaxurSi Cadgnen da aqtiuri 

mSenebel-moRvaweni Seiqmnen. saqarTvelos gaZliereba maT sam- 

Soblos gamoxsnis SesaZleblobis imeds usaxavda. 

amitomac iyo, rom kavkasiis somxuri savaWro wreebi Tumca 

mxars uWerdnen erekle II-is absolutistur miswrafebebs 

da Zlieri kavkasiuri saxelmwifos Seqmnis erekleseul

160 161 

gegmas iziarebdnen, magram, imav dros, arc ucxo, didi saxelmwifos 

farglebSi (irani, ruseTi) gaerTianebis winaaRmdegni 

iyvnen, Tundac amas qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmeba 

mohyoloda Sedegad. 

... bunebrivia, rom qarTveli mefe (erekle II –a.u.) didi 

enTuziazmiT Sexvda somexi kapitalistebis am iniciativas 

da somxuri kapitalis adgilidan dasaZvrelad pirveli praqtikuli 

nabijebi gadadga. Saamir Saamirians erekle II-m Tavadis 

tituli mianiWa da mflobelobaSi lore gadasca, riTac 

saSualeba misca, am olqSi somxuri mosaxleoba Semoekriba 

da momavali saxelmwifos birTvi Seeqmna. Soreuli indoeTis 

somxur koloniasa da saqarTvelos Soris mWidro urTier- 

Toba gaiba. madrasidan xSirad Camodiodnen S. Saamirianis 

kacebi, romelTac, mdidar saCuqrebTan erTad, momavali qarTulsomxuri 

federaciuli saxelmwifos proeqtebi mohqondaT. 

indoel somxebze gansakuTrebiT didi STabeWdileba mouxdenia 

1783 w. traqtats. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ruseTis 

mfarvelobaSi Sesvla, etyoba, maT Tavisi gegmebis ganxorcielebis 

garantiad esaxebodaT. 

qarTl-kaxeTis ukanasknelma mefem, giorgi XII-m kidev erTxel 

scada madrasTan dakavSireba, risTvisac 1799 w. seqtemberSi 

Tavisi warmomadgeneli rafiel danibegaSvili gagzavna Saamir 

Saamirianis vaJTan. mefe didxans eloda Saamirianis memkvidreebs 

da saguldagulod unaxavda maT nawyalobev mamuls. 

sayuradReboa, roca igi ruseTis imperatoris SuamdgomlobiT 

lores olqSi meliq jimSids asaxlebda, am ukanasknels 

pirobad daudo, rom lores mflobeloba droebiT, Saamirianis 

memkvidreebis Camosvlamde, eZleoda. 

1783 w. traqtatis dadebis Semdeg qarTl-kaxeTis samefos 

sagareo mdgomareoba Zalze garTulda, ris gamoc qarTvel-somexTa 

urTierTobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi 

mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda. rusTa daxmarebiT erekle 

II aRm. amierkavkasiaze Tavisi batonobis Semdgom ganmtkicebas 

da gafarToebas varaudobda, sinamdvileSi ki sawinaaRmdego 

Sedegi miiRo. osmaleTma swrafad aamoZrava erekles 

winaaRmdeg samxreT azerbaijanisa da amierkavkasiis xanebi, 

daRestnis mTavrebi. ufro metic, mefes gadaudgnen da xarki 

Seuwyvites ganjam da erevanma. yazax-SamSadilus TaTrebic 

ki mefes aRar emorCilebodnen amitom mas aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi 

aqtiur politikaze ki ara, mdgomareobis SenarCunebaze 

unda ezruna. male gairkva, rom arc misi mfarveli-mokavSire 

didi ruseTi iyo erekles gansakuTrebuli 

gaZlierebis momxre. igi sakuTari batonobis gavrcelebisaTvis 

ibrZoda da Tanabrad abamda kavSirs rogorc ereklesTan, 

ise somxeT-azerbaijanis saxanoebTan. 80-iani wlebisaTvis 

ruseTis mTavroba somxeT-albaneTis saxelmwifos 

aRdgenas gegmavda Tavisi proteqtoratiT da, gasagebia, „somex- 

Ta mefis“ titulisaTvis mebZoli erekle am saqmeSi mis- 

Tvis gamousadegari iyo. „movlenaTa mTeli msvleloba ukve 

aSkarad mowmobda, rom amierkavkasiis araqarTvel qristianebze 

erekles batonoba ruseTs aRar awyobda da amieridan igi 

qarTl-kaxeTis gaZlierebasac aRar isurvebda.“ 

erekles gardacvalebis Semdeg aRm. saqarTvelo kidev ufro 

damokidebuli gaxda ruseTze. magram giorgi XII qarTlkaxeTis 

mefis Zvel uflebebze xels mainc ar iRebda da 

cdilobda, uwindeli gavlena ganjisa da erevnis saxanoebze 

kvlavac SeenarCunebina. isev kritikuli iyo yarabaReli somxebis 

mdgomareoba. leos daxasiaTebiT, politikurma viTarebam 

xamsas meliqebi saqarTveloSi moiyvana. SimSilma da avadmyofobam 

sxvebic aiZula qarTul miwaze gadasuliyvnen da iq 

moqceuliyvnen TavianT Zvel batonTa Zalauflebis qveS. somexTa 

sakiTxma, Caqra ra yarabaRSi, Tavisi ukanaskneli naperwklebi 

mezobel qveyanaSi gadaitana. yarabaRSi samariseburi siCume 

sufevda, xolo saqarTveloSi axali cdebi tardeboda am 

sakiTxis gasacocxleblad. 

sakiTxis gamococxleba imaSi gamoixata, rom ruseTis imperatoris 

SuamdgomlobiT, qarTl-kaxeTis ukanasknelma mefem 

yarabaReli somxebi lore-yazaxSi daasaxla. somexTa garkveuli 

politikuri wreebi ocnebobdnen, saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

xamsas axali avtonomiuri qveyana SeeqmnaT, magram mas axdena 

ar ewera. TviT saqarTvelos sakiTxic ukve gadawyvetili 

iyo ruseTis imperiis sasargeblod» [11].

162 163 

4. 4. ruseTis ruseTis politika politika saqarTveloSi. 

saqarTveloSi. 

xelSewyoba, 40000 sulze meti - TiTqmis mTlianad, gadmo- 

paskeviCebi, paskeviCebi, bebuTovebi bebuTovebi _ _ qarTvelTa 

qarTvelTa 

genocidis genocidis genocidis Semoqmedni. 

Semoqmedni. 

saxldnen somxebi saqarTveloSi. aseve osmaleTidan: TiTqmis 

mTlianad daicala sami safaSo provincia baiazeTis, arzrumis 

da yarsisa. gadmosaxlebulTa ricxvi 70000 aRemateboda 

rusis jaris Semosvlis Semdeg damyarebuli mSvidoba Zalian 

Zvirad daujda saqarTvelos. «ruseTis xelisuflebam 

saqarTveloSi qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg somxebi gaixada sayrdenad, 

Zalzed moamravla somxuri mosaxleobac Cvens qveyanaSi, 

XIX saukuneSi somxebi Semoesivnen saqarTvelos. 1812 wlis 

kaxeTis ajanyebis dros ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis didi 

samsaxuri gauwevia saqarTvelos somxur mosaxleobas qarTvel- 

Ta amboxebis CaxSobis mizniT. amis gamo ruseTis imperatorma, 

aleqsandre I-ma samadlobeli sigeli gamougzavna 

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb somxebs, romelSic es somxebi ruse- 

Tis burjad miiCnia qarTvelTa ùrCobis~ alagmvis saqmeSi» 

[21]. 

«samxreTisken ruseTis swrafvis zrdam ki TurqeTs axalcixis 

safaSos nawili gamoglija (8 sanjayi, 8 isev maT 

darCaT). TiTqos iq mcxovreb qarTvelobas unda amoesunTqa, 

dabrunebodnen mSoblis kalTas da religias, magram es ruse- 

Tis xelisuflebas xels ar aZlevda, mas saxazinod carieli 

miwebi sWirdeboda, amitomac yvela Rone ixmara mahmadian 

qarTvelTa (Tavs „ierli“-sa da „banali“-s – aqaurobis binadars 

rom uwodebdnen) TurqeTSi masobrivi gadasaxlebisaTvis» 

[14]. 

«amgvari viTareba xelsayreli iyo somxebisaTvis da maT 

iwyes dena saqarTveloSi. 1828 da 1829 wlebSi, rodesac 

ruseTi oms awarmoebda sparseTTan da osmaleTTan, erTi 

umTavresi piroba mSvidobisa am orTav damarcxebuli mTavrobis 

mimarT is iyo, rom somxebs, visac ki undoda, Tavisufleba 

hqonodaT saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebisa. am ambavs yvela somexi 

didis sixaruliT Sexvda da maT dauyovnebliv daiwyes gadmosaxleba. 

sparseTidan, miuxedavad sparseTis xelisuflebis 

winaaRmdegobisa, polkovnik lazarevis daxmarebiT, romelsac 

ruseTis mTavrobisagan davalebuli hqonda am gadmosaxlebis 

(Revue des Deux Mondes, 1854, t. 6, p. 217; Journal Asiatique, 1834, 

tom. 1, p. 322 da a.S.). aqve davamatoT 1895 wlis Semdeg 

osmaleTidan gamoqceuli somxebic, romlebic aTasobiT Semoexiznen 

saqarTvelos» [4]. 

«saomar moqmedebebs paskeviCi awarmoebda. is iyo safaSos 

sruli baton-patroni da, rac moesurveboda, imas sCadioda. 

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba man Turqebad monaTla, TumcaRa, 1832 

wlis aRweriT, TviT evicki aRiarebda, rom eseni omaris seqtis 

aRmsarebeli axlad moqceuli qarTvelebi iyvnen 

(„Òáèëèññêèå Âåäîìîñòè”) – „bevrma maTganma dRemde Seinaxa 

Tavisi qarTuli gvari, axla ki zogi maTgani isev qristianobas 

daubrundao“ (Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå îïèñàíèÿ Àõàëöèõñêîãî 

Ïàøàëèêà). (gv. 137). 

bevrma mahmadianma qarTvelma kvlav iTxova, isini marTlmadideblobisaTvis 

daebrunebinaT, magram... „1840 w. statski 

sovetnik bulgakovTan gamocxaddnen qvablianis, focxovis, 

abasTumnis sanjay-begebi, Zvel qarTvel TavadTa STamomavalni 

da ganacxades _ Cveni survilia, davubrundeT Cveni winaprebis 

Zvel qarTul, qristianul sarwmunoebas mTeli Cveni mxaris 

mcxovreblebTan erTad, Tu mTavroba iseTive pirobebs 

Segviqmnis, rogorc qarTvel Tavadaznaurobas aqvso. petrburgidan 

bulgakovi daamSvides da ganumartes, rom SemoerTebul 

mxareSi mTavar amocanas warmoadgenda saxazino miwebis 

gazrda. yvelaferi gasagebi iyo. Cvengan amgvarad „zurgSeqceulma“ 

qarTvelma mahmadianebma Tavadac zurgi Segvaqcies 

da TurqTa mflobelobaSi darCenili sanjayebis mosaxleobas 

daukavSirdnen“ (S. lomsaZe). 

ès rusuli politika iyo. mTavroba samcxe-javaxeTSi 

kazakTa dabebis mowyobas apirebda, rom samxreTis sazRvari 

Caketili hqonoda, swored amisTvis sWirdeboda aqauroba 

saxazino miwebad. cota ufro adre, 1810 w. imereTis olqis 

droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier SemuSavda proeqti, romlis

164 165 

mixedviTac imereTis saxazino glexTa erTi nawili axalcixis 

SemoerTebis SemTxvevaSi iq unda dasaxlebuliyo. magram 

imdroindeli saqarTvelos mTavarmmarTvelobam es proeqti 

viTomc daiviwya da imerelTa moTxovna yurad ar iRo~ (S. 

lomsaZe). 

ufro metic, paskeviCs oficialurad mimarTa qarTlisa 

da imereTis Tavadaznaurobam, rom qarTvel mefeTagan sigelgujariT 

boZebuli mamulebi maTTvis daebrunebinaT. sardalma 

es nawyalobevi miwebi maT ar daubruna, cnobad ar CaTvala 

sigel-gujarebi, radgan didi xnis dakarguli hqondaT miwebi 

da arc Camosaxlebis neba darTo maT. piriqiT, gawyra da 

ganrisxda imis gamo, rom maT gabedes aseTi sakiTxis wamoWra. 

amiT kidev erTxel gamoikveTa caristuli reJimis miznebi _ 

maT samcxeSi qarTvelebi ar sWirdebodaT da arc uflebas 

aZlevdnen, sakuTar winaparTa miwebze dasaxlebuliyvnen. 

da ai, swored paskeviCma SeimuSava axali proeqti: arzrumeli 

da baiazeTeli somxebi unda daesaxlebinaT iq, erTi nawili 

axalcixis safaSoSi, meore _ TrialeTsa da qvemo qarTlis 

dausaxlebel midamoebSi, agreTve, yarsis safaSos SemoerTebul 

nawilSi da somxeTis olqis zemo mxareSi. es proeqti 

mTavrobam yvela sxva danarCens amjobina! Tu rukaze am 

teritoriebs movniSnavT, aRmoCndeba, rom es aris mTeli istoriuli 

qarTlis naxevari _ TrialeT-taSiridan moyolebuli 

mtkvris mTliani marjvena sanapiros CaTvliT. es iyo „somex 

mecnierTa” mier nanatri „didi armenia” (somxeTis olqic xom 

rusebma Seqmnes)! dRes Znelia imis Tqma, rogor da visi karnaxiT 

Seqmna paskeviCma es proeqti, „zemodan” ukarnaxes, Tu isic 

qrTams daxarbda, magram faqti ki erTia _ ruseTi raRac axal 

saxelmwifos qmnida saqarTvelos xarjze, rom samxreTis sazRvarTan 

„erTguli” xalxi hyoloda „dabmuli”. 

„rusis seqtantebis CamosaxlebiT mTavroba fiqrobda, rom 

centralur guberniebs gaaTavisuflebda eretikosebisagan, 

kavkasiaSi maTi CamosaxlebiT moipovebda politikur simtkices; 

xels Seuwyobda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis garusebas 

da win waswevda mrewvelobis ganviTarebis saqmes” (S. lomsaZe). 

axalcixis aRebisTanave general-feldmarSalma paskeviCma 

1828 w. agvistos Seqmna axalcixis safaSos dapyrobili 

mxaris axali saolqo droebiTi mTavroba, romlis ufrosad 

daniSna generali Tavadi vasil bebuTovi, romelic grigorianuli 

sarwmunoebis qarTvel Tavadaznaurobas ganekuTvneboda. 

faqtobrivad, yvelafers vasil bebuTovi ganagebda ramodenime 

erTguli piris meSveobiT, aamoqmeda Tavisi moxeleni da Seecadnen, 

rac SeiZleba meti adgilobrivi mosaxleoba aeyaraT, 

mimarTavdnen propagandas, SantaJs, daSinebas, muqaras. es muqara 

ise didi iyo, rom TviT qristiani qarTvelebic SeSindnen. 

18 TveSi unda dasrulebuliyo gadasaxleba-gadmosaxlebis 

sakiTxi. mahmadianebi Cqarobdnen, rom dadgenil droSi 

moeswroT mamulebis gayidva. droebiTi mTavroba Calis fasad 

ayidinebda maT rusTaTvis sasurvel pirebze (raRa Tqma 

unda, araqarTvelebze). swored am dros mniSvnelovani mamulebi 

SeiZina grigorianulma eklesiam. „karapet arqiepiskoposebis 

mier SeZenili mamulebis Semosavali Semdeg somxuri 

skolis gaxsnasa da sxva somxur erovnul saqmes xmardeboda” 

(S. lomsaZe). 

1828 wlis bolodanve daiwyes somxebis Camosaxleba graf 

CerniSevskis proeqtiT. somxebs unda SeeqmnaT naxevrad samxedro 

dasaxlebebi da gaeiolebinaT samxreT sazRvrebis dacva. 

gadmosaxlebis mTavari mizani is iyo, rom kolonistebs 

axal sacxovrebelze ganeviTarebinaT vaWroba-mrewveloba da 

SeeqmnaT pirobebi mTeli mxaris ekonomikuri dawinaurebisaTvis. 

ukve 1839 w. maisSi arzrumelma somxebma daiwyes 

Camosaxleba. samzadisi 3000 ojaxze iyo gaTvlili, Camovida 

– 5000. „aman gamoiwvia is, rom kolonistebi winaswar gamoyofil 

saxazino miwebze ver daetivnen da TviTneburad daikaves 

saeklesio da sabatono miwebic. amis Sesaxeb dreSerma (polkovniki, 

bebuTovis gundis wevri, qalaqis mTavari policmaisteri 

– a.u.) komitets droze arc ki Seatyobina“ (Àêòû, ò.VII, 

ñ.844). 

„iyo SemTxveva, roca gadmosuli ubinao kolonistebi 

daerivnen qalaqis Zvel mcxovreblebs, moxucebs, qvriv-oblebs 

da ZaliT usaxldebodnen saxlebSi, arTmevdnen sakuTar sacx

166 167 

ovreblebs, dazaralebulebi ki amaod werdnen saCivris arzebs, 

undodaT mitacebuli saxl-karis dabruneba, davobdnen 

didxans da bolos yvelaferi imiT Tavdeboda, rom an iyrebodnen 

da midiodnen axalcixidan, an urigdebodnen mdgomareobas. 

iyo SemTxvevebi, roca kolonistebi TviTneburad itacebdnen 

sxva soflis miwis nakveTebs“. mTavroba adgilobriv 

mosaxleobas ki Turqs uwodebda; mouwodebda, wasuliyo Tavis 

„istoriul“ TurqeTSi da raRatom daicavda? 

axalcixis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis xelnawerTa fond- 

Si ivane gvaramaZis mogonebebi inaxeba, sadac Cans kolonistTa 

TavzexelaRebuli TviTneboba da ukiduresi siTavxede, romelnic 

„marad samaxsovro naSTebs, cixe-koSkT, eklesiebs gvirRveven 

da gviqceven, monastrebs gvaclian xelTagan, xatebs gviZarcvaven, 

Zvirfas nivTebs aforiaqeben da sasaxelo da sasargeblo 

rameebs aRar gvarCenen“. axalma mSeneblobebma mospo javaxe- 

Tis tye, daiRupa Zveli, didebuli qarTuli Zeglebi. diliskis, 

xulgumos, suldis, TamaraSenisa da sxva soflis eklesiebis 

masala maT axalmSeneblobebze gamoiyenes. amas istoriis 

mospoba da warsulis amoZirkva hqvia, rom mere cota 

sxva ram amtkico – am miwaze Seni avtoqtonoba. rac mTavaria, 

mTavroba amaze Tvalebs xuWavda, ver amCnevda axalmosulTa 

TviTnebobas da isev adgilobrivebs Trgunavda, rom somxebisaTvis 

„sasaTbure“ pirobebi Seeqmna. amas isic daerTo, rom 

TandaTan im adgilebidan mTlianad gaasaxles arasomexi mosaxleoba. 

„Camosaxldnen somxebi TurqeTis mxridan, _ SeniSnavda vermiSevi, 

_ axalqalaqis mazra TiTqmis dafares mWidro mosaxleobiT, 

romelTa Soris oazisebad darCnen qarTuli soflebi. 

maTSi yovelmxriv iyo gaRvivebuli nacionaluri Segneba. qveyana 

iseT saxes iRebda, _ werda zagurski, _ TiTqos igi Tavidanve 

somxebiT yofiliyos dasaxlebuli“ (S. lomsaZe)» [14]. 

«axalqalaqis mazraSi mTavrobam Seqmna ekonomikuri uTanasworoba 

gadmosaxlebul da adgilobriv qarTvel glexTa 

Soris. sofel xerTvisSi, magaliTad, sadac qarTvelebi cxovroben, 

TiToeul komls aqvs 2.89 des. miwa; saijaro miwac 

rom mivumatoT, TiToeuli komlis xelSi 3.52 des. miwaa. 

somxebs am mxareSi uWiravT 40.50.100 des. komlze. zemoxsenebul 

mazraSi qarTvelebi dauZlurdnen da CamorCnen. am 

provinciebSi Zvelad yvaoda kultura» [18]. 

«somex xalxs kavkasiis rusuli administracia, qarTvel 

xalxTan SedarebiT, yovelTvis met upiratesobas aZlevda. 

amis wyalobiT mTeli saqarTvelo TiTqmis somxebs CauvardaT 

xelSi. TurqeTidan gadmosaxlebuli 200.000-ze meti somexi 

dasaxlda saqarTveloSi. maT daikaves samcxes, borCalos, axalqalaqis, 

axalcixis mazrebi. isini saSinlad aviwroebdnen 

qarTvelebs. rusulma biurokratiam, nacvlad imisa, siyvaruliT 

da simdabliT hqonoda guli avsebuli imitom, rom 

qarTvelebma rusuli arwivis frTebs Seafares Tavi, maT xarbi 

eqsploatatorebi _ somxebi Seusia. am saqmeSi winaswar 

Cafiqrebuli mizani amoZravebdaT _ xelovnurad daemsxvriaT 

qarTvelTa da Turqul-TaTruli warmoSobis xalxTa kompaqturi 

masa da amgvarad SeeqmnaT, TiTqosda, saWiro upiratesoba 

adgilobriv aborigenebze. 

axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebi, romlebic amJamad qarTlis 

guls warmoadgenen, somxebis dasaxlebis Semdeg qarTvelebisaTvis 

dakarguli aRmoCnda. aseulobiT gadarCenili taZari 

da monasteri, qarTveli xalxis saukuneobrivi simdidre, aTasobiT 

naxevrad iavaryofili sofeli wilad xvda viRac ucxo 

mosulebs. maT xelT igdes qarTveli xalxis erovnuli poetis, 

SoTa rusTavelis samSoblos saukuneobrivi avladideba. 

qarTveli marTlmadideblebis „upatiosnesi“ da uangaro 

moamage rusifikatorebi amravlebdnen somxur skolebs da 

megobrobdnen somex magnatebTan da mRvdelTmTavrebTan» [19]. 

«es ki sworedac rom ruseTis politikaSi Sedioda! amitomac 

daamkvidra ukanonoba da mTeli Zalaufleba paskeviCs 

uwyaloba, man ki vasil bebuTovi gaixada marjvena xelad, is 

vasil bebuTovi, grigorianuli eklesiis mrevli rom iyo. mas 

ise sZulda mahmadiani qarTvelebi, rom maTi am miwidan saer- 

Tod amoZirkva gadawyvita. samwuxarod, vasil bebuTovs (qarTvel 

Tavads) mahmadiani qarTvelebi ki ara, saerTod qarTvelebi 

sZulda da aravis imdeni ziani ar moutania CvenTvis, 

rogorc mas. swored misi meSveobiT mesxeTSi iseTi mdgomar

168 169 

eoba Seiqmna, rom adgilobrivi rusuli mmarTvelobac ki SeSfoTda. 

mTavarmmarTebelma baronma giorgi rozenma specialuri 

komisiac ki moiwvia. filipovisa da snaqsarovis reviziis 

Sedegad man 1834 w. CaTvala, rom mamulebis yidva-gayidvaSi 

Cadenili yvela danaSauli mxolod safaSos droebiT 

mmarTvelobas miewereboda da damnaSaveTa pasuxisgebaSi micema 

moiTxova. 

mainc ra brali miuZRvoda droebiT mmarTvelobas? 

mas mamulebis gayidvis ufleba mxolod TurqeTSi wamsvlelTaTvis 

unda mieca. sinamdvileSi am dadgenilebiT isargebles 

da yvela mkvidr begsa da aRas darTes neba, maT, vinc 

TurqeTSi ar midioda, Tu, ra Tqma unda, maT mamuls iyidda 

bebuTovis SexedulebisaTvis sargo piri (ÖÃÈÀË, ô.1268, 

îò. 1, ã. 149, ñ. 75). 

àmasTan, iyo SemTxvevebi, roca saadgilmamulo (yidva-gayidvis) 

aqtebi xdeboda ukve gardacvlili, ugzoukvlod dakarguli, 

an TurqeTSi gaqceuli sifahis mamulze; aqtze arc 

mowme, arc gamyidveli ar awerda xels, mTeli aqti dawerili 

iyo marto mdivnis xeliT da Semowmebuli bebuTovis xelmoweriTa 

da beWdiT. am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba 

safaSos ufrosis rezolucias eniWeboda~ (S. lomsaZe). 

erTi sityviT, TviT rusebma aRmoaCines mravali siyalbe. 

aqve isic unda SevniSnoT, rom TviT gamyidvelis mier xelmoweril 

dokumentebSic iyo siyalbeebi da amas sul ubralod 

axerxebda droebiTi mmarTveloba. „adgilobrivi begebi 

TavianT Txovnebs mamulis gayidvis Sesaxeb werdnen qarTulad, 

nasyidobis aqtebi mainc dgeboda Turqul enaze, romelic 

orive mxarisTvis gaugebari iyo. es gza ufro saimedo 

Canda siyalbis Casadenad. niSandoblivia isic, rom e. bebu- 

Tovs am saqmeebis mogvareba davalebuli hqonda mdivan-Tarjiman 

akofa davaranovisaTvis, romelic, rogorc 30-iani wlebis 

dokumentebSia aRniSnuli, bebuTovis yvela siyalbis monawile 

iyo. davaranovi imdenad cruobda, rom mis mier Turqulidan 

Targmnili werilebis teqstebsac ki sxvas amowmebinebdnen“ 

(S. lomsaZe). yvelaferi imisTvis keTdeboda, rom moespoT 

adgilobriv feodalTa klasi, rac, Tavis mxriv, socialur- 

ekonomikuri wyobis moSlisa da mWidrod Camoyalibebuli 

meurneobis rRvevis, xolo Semdgom mospobis saSualeba iyo. 

erTi sityviT, qarTvelisa da qarTvelobis amoZirkva sul 

ramdenime saSualebiT SeiZleboda: 1) feodalTa klasis ganadgurebiT; 

2) socialur-ekonomikuri wyobis moSliT; 3) 

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ayriT; 4) marTlmadidebluri da 

laTinuri ritis (kaTolikuri) eklesiebis mospobiT. 

saqme iqamde mivida, rom mesxeTma Tavisi mosaxleobis 80% 

dahkarga. nawili ZaliTac ki ahyares da gadaasaxles. es 

ZaliT gadasaxleba jer kidev 1810 w. tormasovma daiwyo, 

TurqebTan omi rom waago. maSin 1500 qarTuli ojaxi ahyares 

da loresa da Sida qarTlis teritoriaze Caasaxles. nawili 

mahmadiani mesxebisa propagandis Sedegad TviTon gadasaxlda 

TurqeTSi, nawili _ Turqebad monaTles da ZaliT 

ahyares. xolo is, vinc ar apirebda mama-papis miwidan ayras, an 

gawyvites, an kolonistebi Causaxles da yvela piroba Seuqmnes 

asimilirebisaTvis. 

bebuTovma erTi xerxic ixmara: 1829 w. 20 Tebervals 

aWareli axmed-faSas nawilebi rom SeiWrnen axalcixeSi, man 

cixis kari Caraza da qalaqis Zlivs gadarCenili mosaxleoba 

(rusebis mier axalcixis aRebis Semdeg) bedis anabara 

datova. maTi umravlesoba moZmis xelma imsxverpla, bebuTovma 

ki Tavisi saqcieli samxedro aucileblobiT axsna. 

Sedegi ki is iyo, rom mTeli istoriuli mesxeTi daicala 

qarTvelobisagan. amiT isargebles vaWar-markitantebma da didZali 

mamulebi SeiZines, riTac feodalTa rangSi aRzevdnen (esec 

bebuTovis erT-erTi danaSaulTagani iyo), xolo Semdeg qarTvel 

TavadaznaurobasTan erTad miecaT yvela privilegia, yvelaze 

didi miwis mflobeli ki somxuri eklesia gaxda. 

swored es braldebebi wauyena rozenma safaSos maSindel 

droebiT mTavrobas, magram „yvela gza“ imperatoris usayvarles 

sardlamde – paskeviCamde midioda da isev man iTava 

yovelives „Cafarcxava“ da es mSvenivrad moaxerxa. yvelaferi 

imiT damTavrda, rom 1840 w. ivlisSi mbrZanebelma specialuri 

reskripti gamosca, riTac yvelas yvelaferi epatia da amiT ki 

arsebuli demografiuli situacia dakanonda mesxeTSi» [14].

170 171 

5. 5. amgvarad amgvarad amgvarad ... 

... 

mravalricxovani somexTa mosaxleoba (ivanenko, Èñòîðèÿ ãðàæä. 

óïð. è Øàõàòóíÿí àäìèí. ïåðåä. 178-179). saqarTveloSi 

«yvelas, visac WeSmariteba uyvars, aq moyvanili istoriu- 

Semoxiznuli somxebi TeTriwyaros raionis teritoriaze im 

li sabuTebidan SeuZlia cxadad dainaxos, Tu raoden styuian 

qarTul nasoflarebze dasaxldnen, romlebic Setanilia vax- 

somxis mwerlebi, rodesac saqarTveloSi TavianT gadmosaxuSti 

batoniSvilis rukaze da aRweris aqtebSi. gadmosaxlelebas 

aweren XII, XI, X da ufro adreul periodebs» [4]. 

bulTa yvela ojaxi, mcire gamonaklisis garda, dasaxlebuli 

«XII-XIII saukuneebamde somexi ar ecdeboda saqarTvelo- 

iqna dRevandeli axalcixis, axalqalaqis, bogdanovkis, marneu- 

Si Camosvlas da aq sacxovreblad darCenas. amisTana mdgolis, 

bolnisis, walkis raionebis teritoriaze da TbilisSi. 

mareobaSi mxolod samSoblos siyvaruls SeeZlo daekavebina 

marto axalcixis mazris teritoriaze dasaxlebuli iqna 

Tavisi Svilebi da ara ucxoelni, romelTac mamulisa araferi 

24752 suli somexi. TeTri wyaros teritoriaze mosuli 

ecxoT. 

somxebi, rogorc ukve iTqva, dasaxldnen soflebSi: samRereTi, 

istoriuli masalebiT dadgenilia, rom somxebis gadmo- 

samSvilde, daReT-xaCini, patara daReTi, didi durnuki, patara 

saxleba _ damkvidreba saqarTveloSi XVII saukunidan iwye- 

durnuki. 1828-1829 w. w. zavis Semdeg axalcixeSi 106000 

ba. saqarTvelos ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS Sesvlis dros 

somexi Semovida (ix. Â. Ë. Âåëè÷êî, Êàâêàç, ñ-ã, 1904, ñòð. 

(1783 w.) kaxeTisa da qarTlis samefoebSi, kavkasiis qalaqeb- 

15-19). 

Si da qarTvelTa mefe erekle II daqvemdebarebaSi myof somx- 

somex xalxs qarTveli xalxi Zmurad iRebda da TavSesaeTisa 

da azerbaijanis qalaqebSi, _ erevanisa da ganjis miwefars 

aZlevda. gadmoxvewilma somxobam saqarTveloSi hpova 

bianad, qarTvelebi, somxebi, berZnebi, musulmanebi (mahmadiane- 

Tavisi meore samSoblo. gazeT „mSakis“ (gamodioda 1882 

bi), mTis sxvadasxva xalxi da qurTebi sul Seadgendnen 

wlidan) erT feletonSi am gazeTis damaarsebelma, griqur 

42 000 komls. 

arwrunma aRniSna, rom somxebi yovelTvis qarTvelebs ufro 

somxebma erTdroulad or skamze iwyes jdoma, ormagi 

ewyobodnen, vinem sxva tomisa da eris xalxs» [22]. 

kavSiris Sekvris eSmakuri gza airCies. erTis mxriv, mefe 

somexTa saqarTveloSi momZlavrebis Semxedvare zogierTi 

erekle II an giorgi mefesTan TvalTmaqcobdnen, saqarTveloSi 

qarTveli mamuliSvili saRad afasebda viTarebas. «saxelmwi- 

Semoixiznebodnen xolme, viTarca devnilni da aq SedarebiT 

fos interesi iTxovda, rom qarTvelebs xeli moekidaT vaWro- 

myudro TavSesafars poulobdnen; imave dros, meore mxriv, 

bisTvisac. amitomac wers ioane bagrationi Tavis „sjulde- 

idumal ruseTis mfarvelobas amoefarebodnen xolme da 

baSi~: „pirveli saqme ars, riTac SeiZlebodes vaWroba davag- 

saqarTveloSi ruseTis mTavrobis daxmarebiT TavianT saqmes 

varoT qarTvelTa kacTa Soris. amisTvis, romel risac sarw- 

ikeTebdnen. 

munoeba aris mefe da erni, vaWarnica misive sarwmunoebisa 

qvemo qarTlSi, e.w. somxiTSi da loreSi _ wers ivane 

aris mefe da erni, vaWarnica misive sarwmunoebisani umjobes 

javaxiSvili, _ meliq abos garda aravin dasaxlebula. is 

iqmnebian. Cven TiTqmis somxebis da TaTrebis vaWrebis xelis 

maSinac, roca saqarTvelo ruseTs SeuerTda TiTqmis ukacri- 

Semxedvelni varT da es Zliereba iqmneba Cveni, rodesac vaWarnic 

eli iyo da mxolod 1827-29 wlebSi, rodesac osmaleTiTgan 

Cvenni iqmnebian, da amisaTvis gamovarCioT qarTlidam, kax- 

106000 suli mcxovrebi, xolo sparseTiTgan 30000 suli 

eTidam, raodennime kacni, isev vaWrebTan namyofni da SevaCvioT 

Semoixizna da nawili maTgani borCalosa da axalcixis mazraSi, 

vaWrobas. amaT xeli ganemarTos saqveynos Semosavlidam, raTa 

nawili kidev erevnis guberniaSi daeSena, mxolod am droiT- 

iswavlon vaWroba~. 

gan moyolebuli Cndeba qvemo qarTlSi mWidro da SedarebiT 

ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis raki miuRebeli iyo qarTve-

172 173 

li eris gaZliereba, mas isic ewada, rom qarTvelebi Rarib- 

Ratakni yofiliyvnen. amitom saqarTvelos mTeli vaWroba 

ruseTma ucxoelebs, maT Soris somxebs Caugdo xelSi» [21]. 

saqarTvelosa da mTels kavkasiaSi somxebis gabatonebiTa 

da qarTvelTa dabeCavebiT Sewuxebuli didi qarTveli mamuliSvilebi: 

ilia, akaki, iakob gogebaSvili _ Seudgnen aqtiur 

pulicistur, saganmanaTleblo, sabanko da sxva saqmianobas. 

Jurnal _ gazeTebSi maT iwyes somex mweralTa mxileba da 

qarTvelTa Segoneba _ gamofxizleba. 

Tavi Tavi IV 

IV 

qarTvel qarTvel grigorianTa grigorianTa problema 

problema 


Sesavali 

qarTvelTa gasomxebis movlena Cveni eris istoriis tragikul 

furcelTagania da ukavSirdeba misi istoriis umZimes da 

ulmobel periodebs, gansakuTrebiT _ XVIII- XIX ss. da XX s. 

pirvel meoTxeds. movlenis arsis gamosavlenad aucilebelia 

istoriul WrilSi Seswavla mravalsaukunovani qarTul-somxuri 

urTierTobebisa, rasac mudam Tan sdevda dapirispireba. es ki 

istoriulad, xSirad somexTa mxridan, ukavSirdeboda arsebobisaTvis 

brZolas, romelic qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli 

da, arc Tu iSviaTad, farul da moRalatur xasiaTsac 

atarebda. 

somxur-qarTuli urTierTobebis Seswavla da Rrma anal

174 175 

izi, miuxedavad am sakiTxiT mkvlevarTa dainteresebisa, vfiqrobT, 

jer kidev gasakeTebelia. es friad saintereso problema, mizanSewonilia, 

ganxilul iqnes mravalmxrivi, saxeldobr, geopolitikuri, 

sarwmunoebrivi, eTnikuri, kulturuli, ekonomikursocialuri 

da sxva TvalsazrisiT. somxur-qarTuli urTier- 

Tobis sakiTxis mxolod politikuri Sefaseba ver mogvcems 

srulyofil suraTs. aucilebelia, aseve, konfliqtis motivebis 

danaxva da gamovlena religiuri dapirpirebis fonze. 

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom termini „grigoriani” ar gamoxatavs 

somxuri sarwmunoebis arss da mxolod pirobiTad unda 

gamoviyenoT. ara imitom, rom es termini gviandeli, rusebis 

mier mogonili da mxolod XIX s.-is 30-ian wlebSi damkvidrebuli 

terminia, aramed imitom, rom somxuri sarwmunoeba ar 

efuZneba grigol ganmanaTleblis moZRvrebas, romelic marTlmadidebluri 

iyo. piriqiT, somxebma swored am swavlebas 

uRalates da mwvalebluri monofizitoba miiRes. amitom termin 

„grigorians“ an „grigorianels“ somxuri sarwmunoebis mimdevris 

mniSvnelobiT gamoviyenebT. 

2. 2. qarTvelTa qarTvelTa gaTaTreba gaTaTreba gaTaTreba da da gafrangeba, gafrangeba, 

gafrangeba, 

rogorc rogorc rogorc gasomxebis gasomxebis gasomxebis xelSemwyobi xelSemwyobi xelSemwyobi procesi procesi 

procesi 

gasomxebas xels uwyobda qarTvelTa mier islamis an ka- 

Tolikobis (laTinTa sarwmunoebis _ papizmis) miReba. metexis 

xidze momwydar 100000 wamebul qarTvelTa STamomavlebma, 

sarwmunoebaSi Sesustebulebma, qristes jvari veRar zides, 

sastiki da ulmobeli zewolis qveS sulierad gatydnen, sarwmunoebrivi 

Ralatis gzas daadgnen – sicocxle gadairCines, 

suli ki – wariwymides. mravlismetyvelia is istoriuli 

faqti, rom gamahmadianebuli, gakaTolikebuli da gasomxebuli 

qarTvelni qarTvelebad aRar iwodebodnen da maT „TaTrebs“, 

„frangebsa” da „somxebs“ eZaxdnen. amiT isargebles somxebma _ 

gasomxebuli eTnikuri qarTvelebi eTnikur somxebad gamoacxades. 

es aris, mokled, qarTvel grigorianTa problemis arsi. 

«qarTvelma miiRo marTlmadidebloba da mis meoxebiT igi 

Zveladganve gvarovnobiTac daukavSirda mas. qarTveli yvelgan 

sarwmunoebis meoxebiT hkargavs Tavis gvars, enas da mama-papaTa 

xsovnas da mis siyvaruls... qarTvelma miiRo musulmanoba, 

daukavSirda TaTris tomis sarwmunoebas da mis saSualebiT 

da zegavleniT man dakarga Tavisi yovelive gvarovnebis da enis 

da mis magier SeikavSira TaTris wesi, zne, Cveuleba, ena da 

Tvisebac ki, Tavis mama-papaT mtraT aRmouCnda da miT oTxi 

wili qarTvelobis dRes gaTaTrebulia yvelafriT. eseTia 

qarTveli kacis Tviseba, ase dunea misi buneba da igi dakargvis 

gareSe sxvagan versad iCens Zalas. qarTvelma miiRo kaTolikoba 

da miTac ar darCa igi qarTvelaT, erTma nawilma 

kaTolikobis meoxebiT haosianuri ena SeiTvisa, meore nawilma 

TaTruli da mesamem qaldeuri. qarTveli daukavSirda grigorianobas 

da, unda iTqvas, rom arc amiT iqna igi ganCinebuli da 

morCenili gvarovnulis gadaylapvisagan» [29]. 

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom gasomxebasa da gafrangebas Soris 

mniSvnelovani sxvaobac iyo. gafrangebulebi inarCunebdnen qarTul 

enas, cnobierebas, kulturasa da mamuliSvilur grZnobebs, maSin, 

rodesac gasomxebulTagan mravalma uaryo qarTveloba da somxur 

cnobierebaze moeqca. esec somexTa agresiuli politikis nawili 

iyo: gasomxebas erTxel da samudamod unda moeSala qarTuli 

cnobiereba. 

«qarTul-somxuri dapirispireba Zv. w. II saukuneSi imiT 

dagvirgvinda, rom frigiidan daZrulma somxurma tomebma asurebTan 

da babilonelebTan mravalsaukunovani brZoliT Sesustebuli 

qarTveluri tomebi Seaviwroves da aiZules Tavisi samflobeloebidan, 

kerZod, Sua aziis maRlobebidan, istoriuli 

armeniidan, CrdiloeTisaken daweuliyvnen da im adgilebSi damkvidrebuliyvnen, 

romelsac „iveria“ ewodeboda». 

cnobili berZeni geografis, strabonis cnobiT, II saukuneSi 

qristes dabadebamde gaZlierebulma somexma mefeebma saqarTvelos 

ramodenime olqi waarTves. SemdgomSi saukuneebis man- 

Zilze am olqebis dabrunebisaTvis ibrZodnen qarTveli xelisufalni. 

am sadaod qceul sasazRvro olqebSi xdeboda 

qarTuli Tu qarTveluri mosaxleobis gasomxebac. VII sauku

176 177 

nis damdegs momxdari qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis 

Semdeg somxuri eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelni im qarTul 

olqebSi, romlebic, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi 

moeqcnen, „somxuri rjulis“ _ monofizitobis gavrcelebas 

cdilobdnen. am saqmeSi somxebi, zogjer, ucxoel dampyrobTa 

Tanadgomisa da mxardaWeris mopovebasac axerxebdnen. 

ase mag. VII s.-is 10-ian wlebSi, sasanidTa imperiaSi arsebul 

eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebis, e.w. „sparsul krebaze“, somexi 

istorikosis, sebeosis cnobiT, „brZaneba gamosca mefe xosrovma“ 

(sparseTis Sahi xosro II), rom yovelma qristianma, romelic 

Cemi xelisuflebis qveS aris, somexTa rwmena aiRos“-o. 

somxuri eklesiis Tavkacebi zogjer arabTa xalifebis mxardaWeris 

mopovebasac axerxebdnen, aseve, Semdegdroindeli 

dampyroblebisac, maT Soris, ruseTis imperiis mmarTvelobis. 

es arc Tu iSviaTad saqarTvelos interesebis xelyofis xarjze 

xdeboda, kerZod, saubaria qarTvelTa gasomxebaze TviT 

XIX s-Si da XX s.-is pirvel meoTxedSic ki» [12]. 

IX s. bolos arabTa monobisgan TavdaRweuli saqarTvelo 

samefo-samTavroebad danawevrebuli da SinaomebiT dasustebulia. 

im dros arabTa uRelqveS gaerTianebulma somxeTis samefom 

garkveuli drois (daaxloebiT 30 wlis) manZilze SeZlo 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod, qarTlis saqmeebSi Careva da 

qvemo qarTlis mniSvnelovani nawilis miTviseba. «ZiriTadad 

am qarTul miwa-wyalze Camoyalibda X s.-is 70-ian wlebSi e.w. 

taSir-Zogaretis somxuri samefo, romlis sataxto qalaqs 

erT xans samSvildec ki warmoadgenda, sanam XI s.-is 60-an 

wlebSi bagrat IV-is jarma ar gandevna kvirikiani (bagratuni) 

somexi mefeebi samSvildidan. amis Semdeg maT rezidenciad 

lore iqca, magram didxans verc iq gaZles da XII s-is dasawyisSi 

taSir-Zogaretis samefom arseboba Sewyvita. sul male, 1118 w. 

daviT aRmaSenebelma gareka Turq-selCukebi da es mxare saqarTvelos 

SemouerTa. raoden ucnauradac ar unda JRerdes, taSir- 

Zogaretis somxuri samefo ZiriTadad qarTul miwa-wyalze 

iyo gadaWimuli da mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawilsac 

qarTvelebi Seadgendnen. roca am mxareSi qarTuli saxelmwi- 

foebrioba aRdga, „gasomxebuli“ qarTvelebis erTi nawili 

kvlav marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas daubrunda» [12]. 

rogorc cnobilia, XV s. meore naxevarSi saqarTvelo 

calkeul samTavroebad daiSala. somxeTSi ki XI saukunidan 

somxuri saxelmwifo saerTod aRar arsebobda. somxebma 

saqarTveloSi daiwyes dasaxleba, gansakuTrebiT, aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSi, kerZod, somxeTis mosazRvre qvemo qarTlSi. es 

procesi gansakuTrebuli intensiurobiT, da ZiriTadad, XVII 

saukunidan iwyeba. 

wina TavebSi vnaxeT, Tu rogor daiwyes qarTvelebis mier 

Sevrdomilma da saqarTveloSi dasaxlebulma somxebma saukeTeso 

miwebis dakaveba, eklesiebis mitaceba da gasomxureba, rac adgilobrivi 

mosaxleobis gasomxebis xelsayrel winapirobas 

warmoadgenda. es is periodia, rodesac saqarTvelo – danawevrebuli 

da dasustebuli ulmobeli da sisxlismRvreli 

omebiT-gatanjuli iyo sparsTa da osmalTa SemosevebiT: swored 

aseTi mZime politikuri da ekonomikur-socialuri mdgomareoba 

qmnida gasomxebisTvis xelsayrel pirobebs. 

raoden ucnauric unda iyos, gasomxebisTvis xelsayreli 

iyo, mosaxleobis gaTaTrebisa da gafrangebis, anu, laTinTa 

sarwmunoebaze (e.w. kaTolikobaze-a.u.) moqcevis procesi, rasac, 

arsebiTad, verafers Sveloda sarwmunoebrivad da ekonomikurad 

dasustebuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia. kaTolike 

misionerTa cnobebidan vigebT, rom am periodSi mTel rig 

regionebSi marTlmadidebluri RvTismsaxureba, praqtikulad, 

aRar sruldeboda, xolo daumoZRvrav da umwyemsod darCenil 

ers mwvaleblebi da urjuloebi epatronebodnen. 

mas mere, rac dasavleT saqarTvelo osmalebma daikaves da 

xalxi daimones, ramdenime xnis Semdeg qarTvelebs gaTaTrebac 

dauwyes. «ai, aseT dros, dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaCndnen romis 

kaTolikeTa moZRvarni, romlebmac kargad Seiswavles 

saqarTvelos mdgomareoba, osmalTagan damonebuli qarTvelebi, 

maTi brZola da tanjva-wameba sjulisTvis. laTinTa moZRvarTagan 

mravalma Seiswavla qarTuli ena, umwyemsod darCenil 

mrevls uqadagebdnen, exmarebodnen, icodnen eqimoba, rac didad

178 179 

uwyobda maT misionerul saqmianobas xels. es calke saubris 

Temaa da mas detalurad ar SevexebiT, Tumca masze oriod 

sityvis Tqmas saWirod miviCnevT. 

male moZRvarT romSi papasTan miwer-mowera gamarTes da ase 

SeuTvales, rom osmalTagan daCemebuls saqarTveloSi qarTvelebs 

sul aTaTreben, berZnis samRvdeloebas araferi Zala ara aqvs, 

Cven ki erSi didi pativi movixveWeT, Cven xalxi didad gvafasebs, 

Cven rom movindomoT, maSin mTlad am gaTaTrebul qarTvelebs 

da imaTac, visac momavalSi gaTaTreba moeliT, yvelas gadmoviyvanT 

laTinT wesze, saqme axla romis taxtzea damokidebulio. 

papam da misma kardinalebma am saqmes didi yuradReba miapyres 

da male osmalos mTavrobasTan miwer-mowera gamarTes da 

ukanasknelT piroba Sekres da daaboloves miT, rom osmalebs 

neba ar hqondesT, rom TavianT sabrZanebelSi vinme kaTolikeTaganni 

Seaviwroon, an gaTaTreba dauwyon. osmalis saxelmwifo- 

Si kaTolikec iseve unda sargeblobdes TavisuflebiT, rogorc 

TviT osmalni. am xelSekrulobis ZaliT osmaleTSi kaTolikebis 

saqme warmatebis gzazed dadga. romis taxtma osmalosTan 

aseT xel-Sekrulobis pirobebi yvela saxelmwifoebs 

acnoba da agreTve mosweres yvela am moZRvrebs da cnobebi 

auwyes, romlebic ki osmaleTSi scxovrobdnen da iq mRvdelTmoqmedebas 

asrulebdnen. yvelaze wineT es ambavi dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi myofT moZRvrebs moesmaT, eseni male daimeddnen 

saqmis sinamdvileze. amitom amaT daiwyes qarTvelebSi kaTolikis 

sarwmunoebis gavrceleba da gaTaTrebulT Tu qristian 

qarTvelebs aqa-iq agrovebdnen da ase esaubrebodnen devnul 

qarTvelebs: 

_ Zmebo da Svilebo! Tqven yvelani qristianebi xarT, es 

adgilebic, sadac Tqven cxovrobT, mTlad saqarTveloa, xolo 

osmalTagan ZaliT daWerili da dRes osmali Tqven mosvenebas 

aRar gaZlevsT, sjuliT gaTaTreben; Tqven Tu gindaT, Svilebo, 

rom gaTaTrebas ascdeT da rogorme Tavi SeikavoT, maSin Tqven 

SeuerTdiT romis wminda taxts, eamboreT papas, miiReT kaTolikoba 

da maSin fiqri nu gaqvsT, Tqven xmas arvin gagcemT, 

papam da sulTanma amis Sesaxeb piroba Sekres da osmalT 

ufleba ara aqvT, rom vinme kaToliki Seaviwrovon da an gaaTa- 

Tron. es bevrs saxelmwifoebSi ician. 

patrebma darigeba misces maT, Tu rogor unda moqceuliyvnen. 

axlad gaTaTrebulebs urCevdnen erTis mxridam meoreSi gardasaxlebas, 

samudamod Tu ara, droebiT mainc, da iq Tavis- 

Tavis kaToliked aRiarebas. qristianebs urCevdnen, rom, roca 

TaTrebma Zala dagatanosT-gaTaTrdiTo – maSin nuRa etyviT, 

rom qarTvelebi xarT, Tqven uTxariT, rom kaTolikebi varT, 

papis mfarvelobis qveS Sesulni da isini maSinaTve Tavs daganebeben, 

xmas ar gagcemen da Tqven ki kaTolikebs SeuerTdebi- 

To. ase arigebdnen moZRvarni qarTvelT, qarTvelnic iseve moqmedebdnen, 

rogorc moZRvarni arigebden. qarTvelni male darwmunden 

saqmis sinamdvileSi da mitom iwyes gafrangeba da 

kaTolikobasTan SeerTeba. sul mcire xnis ganmavlobaSi karis 

da olTisis midamoebSi axal gaTaTrebul qarTvelTagan 1000 

komlamde iqmna gafrangebuli; Semdeg wlebSi laTinT moZRvrebma 

gafrangeba Semoitanes artanujis midamoebSi, arTvinSi mTlad 

livanaSi, aq saqme ise kargad wauvidaT, rom livanidam eseni 

lazistanSiac ki gadvidnen, sof. Cxalas. Cxalel lazebis 

gafrangeba am dros Seexeba. romelTa ricxvi Semdeg aqedam 

gafantula, gasul iqmna mcire aziis qalaqebisaken. arTvinis 

dRevandeli kaTolike aStrakiancebi iqaurni yofilan da 

gafrangebis gamo Semdeg droebSi gasomxebulan, gvaric gardukeTebiaT 

somxuraT. 

patrebi ise kargad adevnebdnen Tval-yurs qarTvelebs, rom, 

sadac ki osmalis mTavroba qarTvelebs gaTaTrebas uwyebdnen, 

eseni iq male Cndeboden da qarTvelebs gaTaTrebisagan ixsnidnen. 

amaTis moqmedebiT da daxmarebiT gafrangdnen javaxeTis 

axalgaTaTrebuli qarTvelni...» [5]. 

ai, romis aseTi mzakvruli gegmiTa da politikiT xdeboda 

qarTvelebis gafrangeba. mgelTa sajijgnad migdebul cxvars 

turebi itacebdnen. am process xels uwyobda Cveni eris istoriis 

erT-erTi yvelaze samarcxvino furceli _ tyveTa 

syidva. am gziT xdeboda qarTveli mosaxleobis, mniSvnelovani 

nawilis, ZiriTadad ymawvilebis, gaTaTreba Tu gafrangeba. ma

180 181 

galiTisaTvis, cnobilia, rom erT wels 2000-mde tyve gaiyida. 

ukeTesi mdgomareoba arc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo, 

masze sparselTa gavlena vrceldeboda. amgvarad iranelebma 

da osmalebma daiwyes didi religiuri saukunovani omi qarTvel- 

Ta erovnuli sarwmunoebis anu qarTuli marTlmadidebeli 

eklesiis winaaRmdeg. udidesi mniSvneloba mieniWa qarTvelebis 

gamahmadianebas, aseve, sxva sarwmunoebaze gadasvlas, gafrangebasa 

da gasomxebas. es istoriuli faqtori TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs, 

rom qarTveloba Sesisxlxorcebuli iyo marTlmadideblobasTan 

da, faqtobrivad, masTan igivdeboda. amitom qarTvelTa 

damarcxeba mxolod marTlmadideblobis moSliT iyo Sesa- 

Zlebeli (asea dResac!). 

gafrangebul qarTvelTa gasomxeba xdeboda etapobrivad: 

jer isini gadadiodnen somex kaTolikeTa ti pikonze. «romis 

taxtisagan osmaleTis somxebis kaTolikeTa ufros sasuliero 

pirs werili mouvida da euwyaT maT, rom osmaleTis 

saqarTvelos kaTolikebic Tqven CaibareT da dReis Semdeg 

Tqven unda upatronoT maTao. somex-kaTolikeTa sasuliero 

wodebam miiRo da Seiwynara papis Txovna da brZaneba, amaT 

maSinaTve moaqcies yuradReba osmaleTis qarTvelT romis ka- 

Tolikeebsa da amaTSi daiwyes mRvdel-moqmedeba da qarTveli 

eris patronoba. am dros osmalni arc somex-grigorianebs 

sdevnidnen, da mitom mraval alagas qarTvelTa TavianTi Tavebi 

somxaTac aRiares da miT gadarCnen gaTaTrebas, Semdeg eseni 

SeuerTdnen grigorianobas da, ukanasknel, grigorianobis meoxebiT, 

dakarges qarTuli gvar-tomoba da STamomavlobis xsovna. 

aseT gasomxebul qarTvelebiT savsea Tbilisi da sxva 

adgilebi; amaT TavianTi vinaobisa aRaraferi axsovT, amaze 

sxvagan waikiTxavT» [5]. 

«`gaosmaleba glexs batonymuri movaleobidan aTavisuflebda. 

SeniSnulia, rom yvelaze didxans qristianad rCeboda saxelmwifo 

da saeklesio soflebi, romlebic feodals ar ekuTvnoda“ 

(S. lomsaZe). Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom „samcxe“ 

mcxeTis sakaTedro taZris samflobelo miwebs niSnavda, gamodis, 

misi erTaderTi mflobeli udidesi memamule eklesia 

gaxldaT, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebeli iyo wminda qarTuli 

sameurneo yofa; xolo imisTvis, rom osmalur (aRmosavlur) 

socialur-ekonomikur wyobas sabolood gaemarjva, qarTuli 

sameurneo yofis eklesia unda moespo. amitom ebrZoda porta 

marTlmadideblobas, somxur eklesias ki mfarvelobda, radganac 

igi swored Turqul-sparsuli stilis meurneobis mqone 

feodali iyo. dimitri baqraZis dakvirvebiT ki, islamis miRebidan 

mesame Taoba enis siwmindes inaxavda, meoTxe Taoba meryeobda 

da mSobliuri enis qsovilSi uxvad uSvebda ucxo leqsikis 

nakads, mexuTe Taoba ukve fiqrobda da azrovnebda ZaliT Tavs 

moxveul enaze da mSobliur enas mxolod SinaurobaSiRa xmarobda“ 

(S. lomsaZe). 

ai, aseTi Sedegebi gamoiRo TurqTa politikam, Tumca, mesxeTis 

qarTvelobas qristianad darCenis erT Sanss kidev utovebda 

_ oRond grigorianeloba unda mieRo! saSiSroeba ki aqac 

iyo _ ori-sami Taobis Semdeg gasomxeba elodaT, radgan somxuri 

eklesia Tavis mrevlad mxolod „eTnikur somxebs“ aRiarebda 

da sxvaTac am Targze Wrida. rCeboda dasavluri orientaciis 

gza _ gafrangeba-gakaTolikeba. „kaTolikur seqtebs 

Soris Turqi moxeleni upiratesobas aniWebdnen mxolod somex 

kaTolikeTa tipikons da am tipikonis aRmasrulebelT garkveul 

privilegiebsac aniWebdnen. TurqTa azriT, Tu qarTveli ar 

gamahmadiandeboda an unda gasomxebuliyo, an somxur kaTolikur 

ritze unda gadasuliyo“ (m. diasamiZe). orive SemTxvevaSi 

ispoboda „eTnikuri qarTveli“ da axalcixis safaSos 

teritoriaze somxuri eTnosi mravldeboda. 

ruseTamde axalcixis safaSoSi Turqi batonobda da somexic 

yvela Rones xmarobda, rom misi meSveobiT laTinur wess amofarebuli 

sakuTari meobis SemnarCunebeli qarTvelis saxsenebeli 

amoeZirkva da igi „eTnikur somexad“ Caewera. amisTvis ki 

aranair saxsarsa da saSualebas ar iSurebdnen. „1769 w. (somxebma) 

axalcixis faSa moqrTames, jer gaZarcves da daluqes 

eklesiebi, Semdeg daatyveves kapucinebi, adgilobrivi mRvdlebi 

da zogi eCmiaZins waiyvanes, zogi _ bardusSi, sadac karga xans 

saSinlad tanjavdnen~ (m.TamaraSvili. istoria...). maT igive 

gaimeores 1827 w. agvistoSic. „somex kaTolikeT didZali

182 183 

TanxiT mousyidiaT sulTani mahmudi, raTa mas daepatimrebina 

da gadaesaxlebina axalcixidan kaTolike moZRvarni“ (m. diasamiZe)» 

[14]. 

sainteresoa somxuri kaTolikobis istoriac. «kaTolikis 

sarwmunoeba somxeTSi Zveladve aRorZinda. XII saukuneSi somexkaTolikeni 

ise gamravldnen, rom laTinT eklesiis wignebi maT 

male sTargmnes somxurs enaze da eklesiebSi yvela locvebis 

warmoTqma da Sesruleba TavianT enaze daiwyes. Amis mowinaaRmdege 

maT aravin uCndeboda, da, nacvlad amisa, romis taxts 

uxaroda kidec, rom kaTolikis eklesiis wes-rigis wignebi 

sxva enazedac idgamda fexs. nel-nela ise wauvidaT somxebs 

saqme, rom kaTolikis eklesiis yvela saWiro wignebi somxur 

enaze sTargmnes da am ostatobiT kaTolikis eklesiis sulSi 

somxuri ena Cadges; es diaR kanonieric aris da asec unda 

momxdariyos. droTa da garemoebaTa meoxebiT didsa da mcire 

somxeTSi ise somex-grigorianTa sjulis meqoni somxebi ver 

midiodnen win, rogorc kaTolike-somxebi, garemoeba ufro amaT 

uwyobda xels, radganac eseni evropis kaTolikeTa saxelmwifoebmac 

gaicnes, amaT yuradRebas apyrobdnen. rac ki dro 

midioda, miT somxebSi kaTolikobac magrdeboda, mtkice niadagze 

mkvidrdeboda da is warmomadgenel somexTagani moZRvarnic 

romis taxtis erTgul-morCilad Cndebodnen. amaT TavianTis 

erTgulobiT didi pativi moipoves papis winaSe da amas garda 

maT gaicnes dasavleTis samRvdeloebis Sno, xalxTa cxovreba, 

ostatoba da ganviTarebiTac win wavidnen... 

somxis kaTolikeTa Sno iyo, rom osmaleTSi somxebs osmalni 

ise ara sdevnidnen, rogorc qarTvelebs, da nametur 

somex-kaTolikebs xom yvelaze upiratesobas aZlevdnen da 

Seviwroebis garda mfarvelobasac uwevdnen, rom amaT TavianTi 

sarwmunoeba mtkiced SeenaxaT da evrcelebinaT kidec iq, sadaca 

saWirod dainaxavdnen... amaT TavianTis moqmedebiT saqme 

gaitanes da igini gaxdnen sayvareli sulTnis, sayvareli romis 

taxtis, somxis kaTolikeebis da TviT somex-grigorianebisac. 

amaT saqme ise moawyves, rom male Tavebi ixsnes romis papis da 

kardinalebis uflebisagan da male, TviT romis taxtis Tanx- 

mobiT, amaT TavianT sasuliero pirad somexTagani amoirCies 

da es piri daamtkicebines papas somex-kaTolikeTa umaRles 

sasuliero pirad. ai, am sasuliero piris Tanamdebobidam aRmoscenda 

somex-kaTolikeTa patriarqis Tanamdeboba, romel 

patriarqi dResac uziT stambolSi. raki somxis kaTolikeebma 

TavianTi umaRlesi piris arCevis nebarTva miiRes papisagan 

da es amoirCies kidevaca, eseni mis Semdeg ufro gaZaluandnen, 

radganac am umaRles pirs irCevdnen papis TanxmobiT da osmalis 

mTavrobis damtkicebiT, amitom am pirebsac sakmarisi xma 

da Zala hqondaT romis taxtis winaSe da osmaleTis mTavrobisa 

da mitom igini somxis gvaris sasargeblod yvelgan TavgamodebiT 

moqmedebdnen. somex-kaTolikeTa mRvdelmTavars Cabarda 

mTelis osmaleTis somex-kaTolikeTa saqmeebi, romis taxtma 

amaTve miando qadagebis saqme, radganac maT siSore erTob 

uZnelebda saqmes» [5]. 

«somex kaTolikeTa mesveurebma TurqeTis sulTnisagan xelSekrulebis 

firmani miiRes. frederik diubua wers – „saocari 

isaa, rom marto qarTvelebs sdevnidnen osmaloebi da ara 

somxebs. maT sulTnisagan naSovni hqondaT sarwmunoebis Tavisuflebao~» 

[2]. 

«somexi kaTolikeni, ise, rogorc somex-grigorianni, Turqebsa 

da iranelebsac XV-XVIII saukuneSi „miumxrobeli“ da „uwyinari“ 

religiis warmomadgenlebad miaCndaT. amitom, TavianT 

qveyanaSi maT garkveul privilegiasac aniWebdnen» [7]. 

konstantinopolis aRebis Semdeg Turqebma gaauqmes berZnuli 

politikuri xelisufleba. «amieridan rCeboda mxolod 

berZnuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo, 

romelic qveyanaSi jer kidev didi gavleniT sargeblobda. 

mosalodneli eqscesebis Tavidan asacileblad, rogorc 

osmalebi fiqrobdnen, saWiro iyo, gamonaxuliyo mesame Zala, 

romelic daupirispirdeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, 

bzars Seitanda marTlmadideblebis uflebebSi da mis realur 

konkurentad gadaiqceoda. sulTanis mTavrobam aseT 

mesame Zalad miiCnia TurqeTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi somxebi da 

maTi somxur-grigorianuli eklesia... sulTan mehmed II-s kon-

184 185 

stantinopoleli somxebi miaCnda Tavisi interesebis erTgul 

damcvelad. saerTod, qristianul-religiur mimdinareobaSi 

somexTa Taviseburi seqta, romelsac mogvianebiT (1836 w.) 

grigorianoba Seerqva, somxebs gansakuTrebul da SedarebiT 

privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi ayenebda, rogorc TurqeTSi, ise 

iranSi. ase Seiqmna meore somxuri sapatriarqo konstantinopolSi. 

amrigad, somexi xalxi somxuri saxelmwifos ararsebobis 

pirobebSi ucbad ori sapatriarqos (eCmiaZini-konstantinopoli) 

da ori sakaTalikosos (sisis da aRTamaris) patroni 

gaxda» [7]. 

«mahmadianebi cdilobdnen, is qarTvelebi, romelTa gamahmadianebasac 

ver axerxebdnen, somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaeqciaT. 

somxuri eklesiisadmi keTilganwyoba imdenad didi iyo, 

rom konstantinepolis aRebis Semdeg sulTanma mehmed II-m 

(1451-81) konstantinopolSi daaarsa axali qristianuli centri 

– somxuri sapatriarqo, romelic konstantinopolis 

berZnuli sapatriarqos Tanaswori uflebebiT aRiWurva» [6]. 

keTilganwyoba somxebisadmi iranSic sufevda. Sahi piradad 

exmareboda somxebs eklesiebis mSeneblobaSi, «dadioda maT 

qristianul dResaswaulebze, eswreboda qristianul ceremonialebs. 

misi gansakuTrebuli brZanebiT sjidnen yvelas, vinc 

somex qristians Seuracxyofas miayenebda. . . abram erevanci 

sulTan ahmad III-s somxebis keTildReobaze mzrunvelsa da 

„somexi xalxis meurves“ uwodebda, ufro metic, nadir Sahis 

mier somxebisadmi gamocemuli rayamebidan meoTxe rayamSi vkiTxulobT: 

„Tu romelime somexi qristiani miiRebs mahmadianur 

sarwmunoebas, maSin mas CamoerTvas mTeli Tavisi memkvidreoba“... 

èrTi mxriv, TurqeTisa da meores mxriv, sparseTis mesveurTa 

politikis wyalobiT, XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi somxuri 

savaWro kapitali saerTaSoriso arenaze gavida“ (S. lomsaZe 

_ „gviani Suasaukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriidan“. 1979 w; 

aseve, a. aninski, somxuri... gv. 264, 38). maSasadame, Tu qarTvels 

gamahmadianeba ar undoda, is unda gasomxebuliyo, radgan somexis 

gamahmadianeba im periodSi kanoniT isjeboda. 

im dros, roca saqarTvelos kaTalikosi evdemoz diasamiZe 

sparsma xelisufalma kldidan gadaagdebina, xolo kaTalikosi 

domenti stambolis cixeSi iyo gamoketili, iranis dedaqalaq- 

Si sparseli Sahebis xelSewyobiT agebdnen somxur eklesiebs 

brwyinvale arqiteqturuli gadawyvetiT, mooqrovili WeriTa 

da gumbaTebiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli mxatvrobiT 

(1605-1663 ww), amave dros ki, TbilisSi sioni lamis 

mahmadianur meCeTad gadaakeTes. 

1578 wels osmalebma samcxe-saaTabago daipyres, qarTuli 

socialur-politikuri wyobileba gaauqmes, mis adgilze Seqmnes 

Cildiris (axalcixis) safaSo. gansakuTrebiT tragikuli 

iyo mesxeTis qarTvelTa bedi: aq osmalebma marTlmadidebloba 

akrZales. qarTvelebi, romlebmac mahmadianoba ar miiRes, 

somxuri eklesiis mrevlad aqcies. samcxe-saaTabagos, anu mesxeTis 

qarTuli eklesia Turqebma somxur eklesias, kerZod, 

konstantinopolis somxur sapatriarqos dauqvemdebares... 

xdeboda qarTvelebis masiuri gasomxeba imier taosa da arzrumis 

sasazRvro provinciebSi» [6]. 

«rogorc safiqrebelia, yarsisa da arzrumis marTlmadidebluri 

samwyso XVII s. bolos gauqmda da mrevli Seerwya 

Turqul-musulmanur da somxur-grigorianul eklesiebs» [7]. 

«qarTvelTa gasomxebis faqti dadasturebuli aqvs, agreTve, 

mkvlevar ignati fafazians Tavis „eklesiis cxovrebaSi“. ase- 

Tive viTareba Seiqmna artaanis TemebSi, Cildiris tbis midamoebSi. 

gasomxebis igive procesi mimdinareobda iranelebis mier dapyrobil 

qarTl-kaxeTSi XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi» [6]. «XVII s.-is 

30 wlebSi erTi qarTveli ymawvilis, nasyidas gakaTolikebis 

gamo didi aurzauri amtydara. amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTloze 

nikifore irbaxs uTqvams: „yoveldRiv Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, 

rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian, da ufro mometebuli 

maTgani mahmadianur sarwmunoebasac Rebulobs~» [12]. 

3. 3. qarTvelTa qarTvelTa gasomxeba 

gasomxeba 

Cveni eris istoriaSi erT-erTi tragikuli furceli Cawera 

eris im nawilma, romelmac, didi xocva-Jletis da Sevi

186 187 

wroebis Sedegad, ver gauZlo zewolas, dasTmo sarwmunoeba _ 

marTlmadidebloba _ aRiara kaTolikoba, xolo Semdgom, qristes 

wil papis Tayvanismcemelma, papis mierve gayidulma, miiRo somxoba 

da am gziT dakarga erovnuli cnobiereba, ena, kultura, xolo 

mravalma maTganma - samSobloc. 

«somxis kaTolikebma male moaqcies yuradReba dasavleT 

saqarTvelos qarTvel-kaTolikebs da maTSi male gamoamweses 

somex-kaTolikeTa mRvdelni, romlebic somxurebr 

iyvnen aRzrdilni. mRvdlebma qarTuli ena ar icodnen. 

amaT daiwyes mRvdel-moqmedebis Sesruleba somxurs enaze, 

xalxs eseni sayovelTaod Sina da gareT somxurs enaze 

esaubreboden; eklesiaSi qadagebac somxurs enaze hqondaT. 

ase da amgvarad, qarTvel kaTolikeTaTvis saWiro enad 

somxuri ena gaxades. qadagebaSi warmosTqvamdnen ase: namdvili 

kaTolikeni Tu xarT, namdvili qristianebi, maSin Tqven 

Tqveni saeklesio somxuri ena unda aucileblad SeiswavloT, 

uamisoba ar SeiZleba, Tqveni sjulis locvebi unda 

zepirad icodeT, Tu eseni ar gecodinebaT, maSin Tqven ka- 

Tolikebi ar iqnebiT. 

im dros qarTvelni iyvnen ueSmakoni, rogorc sjulisa da 

eklesiaSi saxmarebeli enis, daiwyes somxuri enis Seswavla. am 

dros somexT moZRvrebma aqa-iq gaxsnes saswavleblebi da 

qarTvelTa Svilebs somxurs enaze daawyebines wera-kiTxva da 

swavleba. saqme ise moawyes da moemarTa, rom Semdeg droebSi am 

moZRvarTa meoxebiT qarTvel kaTolikebma TavianT samSoblo 

enad somxuri ena icvnes da am enis SeTvisebisaTvisac iwyes 

mecadineba. somexT kaTolikeTa moZRvarTac es undodaT. eseni 

amis mets sxvas aras ndomobdnen, eseni imas fiqrobdnen, rom 

vinemc Cven SeviswavloT Cveni mrevlis ena, maT Seiswavlon 

somxuri enao. asec auxdaT. . qarTvelebi aramc Tu Seswavlas 

daadgnen, aramed TavianT deda-enad somxuri ena cnes da Semdeg 

droebSi am enisaTvis maT dava da mfarvelobac daiwyes; somxis 

kaTolikeTa moZRvrebi qarTvelebSi marto somxurs enas 

ar avrcelebdnen, enasTan erTad maT maTSi SehqondaT somxeTis 

siyvarulic da amaT aqezebdnen, rom saqarTvelos midamoebidam 

osmaleTis somxebisken gardasaxlebuliyvnen, sadac maTi merjule 

kaTolikeT ricxvi didi iyo, es hazrebi nel-nela ganavrces 

erSi, am saqmisaTvis maT xels uwyobda im drois 

kaTolikeTa umaRles sasuliero piris da papis moqmedeba. am 

pirebis saxelis xsenebisaTvis qarTvelni mzad iyvnen, rom 

Tund zRvaSic Cacvivnuliyvnen. 

qarTvelTa gadasaxlebis saqmes isic uwyobda xels, rom 

saqarTvelos miuvals xeobis adgilebSi kaTolikebis cxovrebis 

saqme uWirdebodaT, da meore-qarTvel muslimanTa da osmalTaganac 

idevnebodnen, aq osmalos gamgeoba da kanoni yurTa 

glejaze iyo damokidebuli. amitom qarTvel kaTolikeebma 

iwyes somxeTSi gadasaxleba da dasaxleba iq, sadac ufro 

kaTolikeebi scxovrobdnen. metad didi ricxvi gadasaxlda 

konstantinepolSi. qarTvelni dasaxldnen aqa-iq somxebSi, ricxviT, 

sul rom mcire vsTqvaT, aTi aTasze naklebs ver vityviT. 

es ricxvi manamdis Tu Tavis saeklesio enaT somxurs enas 

sTvlida, mis Semdeg maT TavianT samSoblo enaT somxuri ena 

CaTvales da am enaze iwyes mecadineoba. 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi 

saqme ise moxerxda, rom namdvil qarTvelTa STamomaval kaTolikeebma 

dakarges TavianTi deda qarTuli ena, daiviwyes gvartomobis 

momdinareoba, samSoblo qveyana, iwyes somxoba, somxuri 

ena icnes samSoblo enaT da namdvil somxebad iqcnen, somxis 

gvaris STamomavlaT. 

mxne da mecadine kaTolikeTa moZRvarTa meoxebiT saqme 

marto qarTvelebis gadagvarebiT ar gaTavda. . qarTvelTa rom 

ufro mkacrad daviwyebodaT TavianTi vinaoba da amisTvis maT 

rame eWvic ar hqonodaT, amitom qarTvelT kaTolikeTa gvarebsac 

ki uwyes gadakeTeba da gardasxvafereba, ufro somxurs 

kiloze. qarTvelTa gvarebi ise gadaakeTes, ise gardaasxvaferes, 

rom dRes kaci sul veRar ifiqrebs da warmoidgens mas, rom 

dRevandel romelime somex-kaTolikeTa Zveli gvari sxva yofiliyos, 

romelsac awindels maT gvarTan araferi kavSiri ar 

hqonodes. eseTi gacalkeveba, gansxvaveba da gadagvareba TviT 

kaTolikebisTvis ufro aris saeWvo da sakvirveli, aseT saqme- 

Ta winmsvleloba qarTvel kaTolikebSi ufro osmaleTis

188 189 

somxeTSi mieca, konstantinepols, arzrums, osmalos saqarTvelos 

ganapir midamoebSi; aseve seni nel-nela fexs idgamda 

javaxeTSiac. somex kaTolike mxne moZRvarTa javaxeTSi sadgomaT 

da saqadageblaT axalcixe amoirCies, axalcixeSi damkvidrdnen 

igini da iqidan moqmedebdnen xalxSi. iqidam hqadagebdnen 

qristianobas da somxobas. male miaRwies wadils da maT 

mraval qarTvelTa soflebi gadaibires da gaasomxes, rom male 

maT qarTvelobis Sejavrebac ki dauwyes, magram amaT arc es 

ikmares! eseni ufro Sors apirebdnen wasvlas, maT surdaT 

saqarTvelos samefois sabrZanebelSiac Semosvla, romis laTinT 

moZRvarT Tavidam moSoreba da qarTvelT kaTolikeTa 

patronoba da amaSiac Semotana da ganmtkiceba ima azrebisa, 

rom viTomc isini somxis gvaris kaTolikeni arian da ara 

qarTvelis, magram es ver mouxerxdaT, Tumca wadili ki didi 

hqondaT. amaTma wadilma martoT osmaleTis samflobeloSi 

gaidga fesvi, martoT iq moikida niadagi da iq Cahylapes maT 

mravalni qarTvelni. amave senis gavrcelebas javaxeTSiac daadgnen 

da surdaT, rom javaxeTis qarTvelebSiac aeRorZinebinaT es 

hazrebi, magram, sxva da sxva damabrkolebel saqmeebTa meoxebiT, 

javaxeTSi es ise kargad ver mouxdaT, vera gaawyes ra da 

ukanasknel xom 1829 w., roca javaxeTi osmalos moscilda da 

aRmosavleTis saqarTvelos SeukavSirda, mas Semdeg xom maTs 

azrebs Ziri moeTxara da daimarxa samudamoT. 

maSin axalcixis skolebSi mxolod somxurs enas aswavlidnen... 

es saswavlebeli somex kaTolikeTa moZRvarT 

aRmzrdelaT iyo, aqve izrdebodnen qarTvel kaTolikeTa Svilebic, 

romelnic ki sasuliero wodebaSi emzadebodnen. mTelis aziis 

kaTolikeTa moZRvrebs aq zrdidnen, somex kaTolikebis 

tibikoniT amzadebdnen. Aaqve aswavlidnen aRmosavlur enebs, 

garda qarTulisa da evropiulis. am saswavleblis meoxebiT 

ufro ifineboda qarTvel kaTolikebSi qarTuli enis da gvartomobis 

vrdoma, aqedam gamosulT moZRvarTa meoxebiT gadabirdnen 

qarTveli kaTolikeni. maTi umetesi nawili SemdegSi osmaleTSi 

iqmna gadasaxlebuli» [5]. 

«konstantinopolis somxur sapatriarqosadmi damorCile- 

buli qarTvelebi somxdebodnen ara marto imitom, rom maT 

eklesiebSi inergeboda somxuri ena da isini grigoriandebodnen, 

aramed imitomac, rom maT samoqalaqo-sasamarTlo saqmeebsac 

ki wyvetda konstantinopolis somexTa sapatriarqo» [7]. 

«somxebma iwyes qadageba da im azris damkvidreba, rom 

„saqarTvelo mtkvris gamoRma ar arsebobs. mtkvris aqeTa 

mxris xalxni gvartomobiT somexni ariano, garda amisa TviT 

saqarTvelo ra aris! Mmas momavali ara aqvs. misi gvartomoba 

mis Tanamorwmune Zlieris gvarisagan male aRigveba da moispoba. 

amitom umjobesi iqmneba, rom qarTvel kaTolikebma es ena 

male daiviwyon, Torem bolos samwuxaroT gauxdebaT saqme da 

maSin gvian iqneba» [5]. 

armenistma sen martenma (frangi orientalisti) somex ka- 

TolikeTa mxiTaristebs winadadeba misca, rom rame istoriuli 

werilebi eweraT saqarTvelos _ gansakuTrebiT, osmale- 

Tis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, sadac erT dros mogzaurobda. mxi- 

Taristebma sakmarisad aRweres dasavleT saqarTvelo, metadre 

_ livana, aWara, artaani, taos-kari, klarjeTi, kola, eruSe- 

Ti, SavSeTi da sxva adgilebi, rogorc istoriulad, ise sxva 

mxrivac. am werilebs isini veneciaSi somxur enaze beWdavdnen, 

riTac sargeblobda mravali orientalisti, maT Soris, Sveicarieli 

swavluli dubua de monpere. 

«mxiTaristebma aweres aqamdisac osmalis xelSi daSTenili 

iSxnis taZari, xaxulis taZari, parxlis da sxv. am didebul 

naSTebs garda maT bevri kidev sxva naSTi aweres, romelnic sen 

martenis winaSe Taviss drosve iqmna cnobili. amaTganve isargebla 

somex kaTolikeTa mxiTarist mswavlul abat aliSanma, romelmac 

aRwera naSTebis suraTebi da CaurTa Tavisgan dawerils 

kilikiis vrcel istoriaSi. Aam mxiTaristebisgan mTlad daxatulia 

didebuli iSxnis taZari, xaxulis, parxlis, tbeTis; magram 

amaTi ara mosawoni is iyo, rom eseni mTel dasavleT 

saqarTvelos Zvel somxeTis nawilad aRiarebdnen, xolo 

qarTvelobisgan bagratovanebis gaZlierebis Semdeg miTvisebulaT» 

[5]. sen martenis garda, brosemac sakmarisad isargebla 

am mcdari nawerebiT, rac mis naSromebSic aisaxa.

190 191 

osmaleTis saqarTveloSi aris is adgilebi, sadac Zveladve 

daiwyo qarTvelebis gadagvareba. «mag. arTvinSi, sadac XVIII 

saukuneSi aTasi komli iqmneboda gadagvarebul qarTvelTa, 

ardanujisken, artaanisken da sxvaganac mravali, bevri amaTgani 

ZveliTganve gardasaxlebul iqmnen somex kaTolikeTa rCeviT 

arzrumSi, stambolSi da sxva adgilebSi. maTi gadasaxleba 

samSoblodam miT ufro xdeboda, radganac dasavleT 

saqarTvelois adgilebSi kaTolikebs xSiraT gaWirebac adgebodaT, 

samRvdeloebas mkacraT patronoba uWirdeboda, garda 

amis, samRvdeloebas cota gvartomobis azrovnebac qondaT da 

raki qarTvel kaTolikeni somxebaT iwodebodnen, didaT surdaT, 

rom maTSi qarTuli enac mospobiliyo. bevrs sasuliero pirs 

isic ki Caenerga gulSi, rom qarTveli kaTolikebi somxebi 

ariano, amitomac iwodebian somxebaTo, mxolod drois meoxebiT 

gaqarTvelebulano.Mmagram es ase ar aris. 

XVIII sauk. naxevars, konstantinepolSi, qarTvel kaTolike- 

Ta mcxovrebT ricxvi 1500 komlze meti yofila, yvela eseni 

dasavleT saqarTvelodgan iqmnen mokrebilni. yvela eseni iwodebodnen 

somex kaTolikeT da maTs eklesiebSiac yovlisferi 

somxur enaze sruldeboda. ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi maT 

dakarges TavianTi ena, gvartomoba da zne-Cveulebani, ukanasknel 

bevrma maTganma gvarebic ki gadaikeTes; mag.: zaqariancebi-zaqariaZeebi, 

maWaxlis pirSi mTeli sofelia; azariancebi-azaraSvilebi, 

savsea iveris xeoba; aWariancebi; zurabiancebi-zurabisSvilebi; 

maisurianci-maisuraZeebi; fafazianci-mocoSvili; aStrakiancebi, 

merabianci-merabiSvili; parmaqsisianci-vanaZe; lazarianci-lazareSvili; 

mRebarianci-mRebriSvili; galatozianci-cinaraZe; 

wamalianci-wamalaSvili. 

(qarTvelTa _ a.u.)AmowinaaRmdegeT dasSi pirveli adgili 

ekavaT javaxeTis somex kaTolikeTa moZRvrebs, romelTac dids 

mfarvelobas uwevda maSindeli kaTolikebis seminariis reqtorad 

namyofi episkopozi araratianci. am piris meoxebiT javaxeTis 

qarTvel kaTolikebs ise ucqerdnen somex kaTolikeTa 

moZRvarni, rogorc odesme ganZvinvarebuli osmal _ sparsebi. 

amaT meoxebiT 1830 w. javaxeTSi sityva qarTvelic ki 

iqmna mospobili da didi sayveduriT SeiCveneboda is qarTveli 

kaTolike, romelic Tavis Tavs qarTvelad aRiarebda, amis 

Sesaxeb qadagebac iqmna win waweuli» [5]. 

gasomxebuli qarTvelebi ase ambobdnen: «ara, ar iqneba, rogorc 

Cvens mamebs miuRiaT, Cvenc ise unda viqmneT. SegviCvenebia is 

qarTveli kaTolike da ara somexi, romelic Tavis Tavs qarTvelad 

aRiarebs. qarTvelad rusis mTavroba mxolod marTlmadideblebs 

scnavs. amis meoxebiT Cven sjulsac davkargavT» 

[5]. 

maT romis paps «xel axlaT dauwyes ambebis gzavna, rom 

saqarTveloSi qarTvel kaTolikebs rusis mTavroba ar cnobs. 

Tu Tqven nebas miscemT kaTolikebs qarTvelad wodebisas, 

maSin Zalian advilad moxerxdeba, rom erTs dRes mTavrobis 

brZanebiT berZnis eklesias SeuerTdnen, romis eklesias sakmarisi 

ricxvi moscildeba da daekargebao, rom laTinT moZRvarT 

saqarTveloSi fexis gamagreba mitom undaT, rom eseni 

cdiloben qarTvelTa gafrangebasao. 

osmaleTis saqarTvelos qarTvel kaTolikeni ki, rogorc 

zemoTac vaxseneT, osmalis somxis gvaris kaTolikeT iwodebodnen, 

radganac amaT adridganve daatovebines qarTveloba. 

zogTa TqmiT, amaTi gadagvareba gakaTolikebis Semdeg xanas 

miewereba da, zogTa TqmiT, im droebs, roca dasavleT saqarTvelo 

osmaleTma aiRo da qarTvelebs gaTaTreba dauwyo. am 

dros somxebi ukve SeCveul iyvnen osmalos qveSevrdomobas, 

monebas da amitom osmalni somxebs ar sdevnidnen, amaTi SiSi 

ar hqondaT. qarTvelebs ki ar stovebdnen qarTvelaT, an sikvdili, 

an gaTaTreba, orSi erTi STeboda. qarTvelTa aseTis mdgomareobiT 

isargebles mravalTa da eseni arigebdnen qarTvelTa, 

rom Tqven Tqveni Tavebi somxaT gamoacxadeT da mas mere Tqven 

aravin ras gizavTo, qristianebaT mainc daSTebiTo. qarTvelTac 

iwyes ase moqmedeba da, roca maT osmalni vinaobas hkiTxavdnen, 

igini TavianT Tavebs somxaT aRiarebdnen da osmalnic aTavisuflebdnen 

maT. Semdeg droebSi qarTvelni srulad eTvistomebodnen 

somxebs. aseTis manqanebiT qarTvelTa gadagvareba 1820 

wlebisamdisac ki win midioda da ara marto dasavleT saqarTve

192 193 

los Soreuls adgilebSi, aramed TviT javaxeTSiac» [5]. 

qarTvelobis damcvelTa winaaRmdeg dairazma somex-kaTolikeTa 

samRvdeloeba: «amaTgan axalcixeSi kreba moxda. krebam 

gadaswyvita, rom axalcixeSi somex-kaTolikeTa seminaria gaxsniliyo 

da an aleqsandrepolis sasuliero saswavlebeli aq 

gadmotaniliyo... eseni imedovnebdnen, rom iq ufro advilad 

Seiyvandnen Svilebs, amis meoxebiT advilaT moifineboda somxuri 

wera-kiTxva... 

episkopozi yvelgan awesebda somex-kaTolikeTa mRvdlebs, 

romelnic eklesiebSi somxuraT swiravdnen da uqadagebdnen 

xalxs. 

_ SeCvenebul iqmnas is piri, vinc Tavis Tavs qarTveli 

uwodoso. am dromdis TiTo-orola locvebs kidev ambobdnen 

qarTulad da mis Semdeg ki amis uflebac moespoT. Tavis 

azris safuZvlaT is hqondaT, rom, Tu axalcixis kaTolikeni 

somxebi ar arian, maS mefeebis dros raT miiRes maT somxuri 

tibikonio. imas ki ar fiqrobdnen, Tu qarTvel mefeebi amas 

raT dauSlidnen, an ra SiSi hqondaT misi... es ki ara da 

kaTolike mRebriSvilic ki somex kaTolikeT aRiares. imas ki 

ar daukvirdnen, Tu mRebri an mRebari ra enis sityva aris.. Cven 

kargad viciT, rom pavle Sahyuliani tomobiT qarTveli iyo, es 

manac kargaT icoda. igi Tavis pirvelis dReebidam qarTvelobda 

kideca da qarTuls enaze Zalianac Sromobda, bevri ram 

sTargmna italiuri enidam, laTinuris da somxuridama. Amas 

rom qarTvelobis siyvaruli ara hqoniyo, maSin igi amden vrcel 

qarTuls Sromasa xels ar mohkidebda, magram man icoda 

kargaT, rom is qarTveli iyo da, masTanave, mTeli dasavleTis 

kaTolikobaca, da amitomac sTargmnida da swerda qarTul 

enaze. uwyian, rom eseve mSvenivraT qadagebda qarTuls enazeo 

da erT dros qarTvel propagandistaT iqna xmobilio, magram 

ukanasknel droebSi sxvafer Seicvala es moZRvari, hazric 

gamoicvalao da rasac guSin ambobda qarTvel kaTolikeTa 

Sesaxeb, imas dRes darRveva dauwyovo.Amis saidumloeba mas 

Tan gahyva... 

„istoria gina moTxroba Zvelisa da axlisi aRTqmisa“ - 

qmnili somex mxiTarist ioane arqimandrit zurabianis mier. 

Targmnili somxuris enidgan da dabeWdili 1858w. venetikSi, 

wignTa sabeWdavTa Sina wm. lazares monastrisa. 875 gverdi. 

wignis damweri mxiTarist zurabiani tomobiT qarTveli yofila, 

ZvelaT gafrangebuli da konstantinepolSi gadasaxlebuli, 

sadac Semdeg droebSi saomex kaTolikeT iqmnen wodebulni da 

ukanasknel dakarges ena da gvartomobac qarTuli. 

„wmindanebis cxovreba“, qmnili somxurs enaze arqimandritis 

luka injinjianis mier, Targmnili da gamocemuli qarTulsa 

enasa zeda, venetiks, 1859w. wminda lazares monastris stamba- 

Si; or tomaT, damweri am wignisa mxiTarist injijiani aris 

qarTvel tomis Camomavali, livanaSi ZvelaT gafrangebuli, Semdeg 

stambolSi gadasuli, iq somxis kaTolikeT wodebuli. 

Semdeg amaT sruliad dakarges gvartomoba. arqimandrit injijians 

umogzaurnia dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aRuweria 

dawvrilebiT da venetikSi xSiraT ubeWdavs Tvisi werilebi. 

misma werilebma didi yuradReba miipyres evropis orientalistTa 

Soris da, sen martenis TxovniT, zogi amis werilebi 

saqarTvelos da somxeTis Sesaxeb franguls enazedac iqmnen 

gadaTargmnilni» [5]. 

somxebma «aTasgvari xrikebiT da ukadrisi xerxebiT miaRwies 

laTinur da qarTul enebze wirva-locvis akrZalvas. 

RvTismsaxureba marto somxur enaze darCa. amiT gaTamamebulebma 

gaaCaRes antiqarTuli propaganda. maTma Tavxedobam kulminacias 

miaRwia, roca daiwyes mtkiceba, TiTqos ar arsebobs 

qarTveli kaTolike da yvela isini somxebi an somxis Camomavlebi 

ariano. es gasaocari sicrue gamoqveynda gaz. „mSakis“ 

furclebze (1897 w. ##110, 137, 138, 148, 149 da 1898 w. #190, 

agreTve gaz. „s. peterburgskii vedomosti“, 1900 w. #156 da 

1901 w. #98). 

„iveriis“ cnobis avtori gulistkivils gamoTqvams samcxe-javaxeTis 

qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiebis somxur tipikonze 

gadasvlis gamo. am arasakadris saqciels da moqmedebas 

gamouwvevia qarTuli mosaxleobis „gasomxeba“. viRac ujiSo 

qarTvel kopaZes kpcianad gadaukeTebia gvari, xolo qarTvel

194 195 

bavSvebs somexi mRvdlebi „hairiks“ amRerebdnen da isinic 

Tavs ukve somxebad Tvliano – SeniSnavs cnobis avtori gulistkiviliT» 

[2]. 

im drois zogierTi franguli gazeTi ki, somexTa mecadineobis 

Sedegad, aseT ambebs amtkicebda TiTqos: «saqarTvelo 

araferia, mtkvris dasavliT da samxreTi mxare somxeTia, 

qarTvelebs araferi aqvsT, istoria, mwerloba, ena, moqalaqeoba. 

igini kavkasiaSi arafer Zalas Seadgenen, maTze bevraT maRla 

somxebi sdganan. eseni maTze bevraT Wkvianni arian da moxerxebuli 

xalxia, maT yvelaferi aqvsT: ena, mwerloba, mdidari 

istoria; xalxic metia, kapitali, vaWrobac amaT xelSia, moqalaqeobac 

amaTia, qalaqebic maT ganaSvenes. yvela didi mamulebi 

maT ekuTvnisT. evropis saxelmwifoebma kavkasiaSi mTavar 

eraT es eri unda icnas da ara qarTvelnio» [5]. 

qarTveli mamuliSvilebi cdilobdnen, rogorme win aRdgomodnen 

gasomxebis process. «gansvenebuls ivane kereseliZes 

1860w. amis Sesaxeb TviT p. xarisWiraSvilisagan werilebic 

mosvlia xolme „ciskarSi“ dasabeWdaT, magram ivane kereseliZem 

sTqva: „me rogor davbeWdavdio, mTeli Tavad-aznauroba amijanydebodao“. 

petre xarisWiraSvili didaT ayvedrida xolme 

Tavad-aznaurobas saqarTvelos Ralats, ymebis gayidvas da sxva 

aseT saqmeebs, nametur mas sZagda guriis Tavad-aznauroba, 

romelnic TavianT ymebs osmalebze cxvrebze ufro iafaT yiddnen. 

mis dros mTeli stamboli savse iyo gurulis gogobiWebiT» 

[5]. 

saqarTvelos aRmosavleTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da 

samcxe-javaxeTisagan gansxvavebiT, gasomxeba pirdapir _ somxuri 

sarwmunoebis, monofizitobis _ miRebis Sedegad xdeboda. 

«mahmadianTa mpyrobelobis gamo qvemo qarTlis qarTveloba, 

romlebic lekebsa da TaTrebs gadaurCnen, iZulebulni gaxdnen, 

mieRoT somxuri sarwmunoeba. amiT isini gadaurCnen fizikur 

ganadgurebas mahmadianTa mier. vaxuSti maT Sesaxeb wers: „am 

adgilTa Sina mosaxleni arian sarwmunoebiT somexni (da mciredad 

qarTlis sarwmunoebisa), aramed qceva-zniTa qarTuliTa“ 

(q.c. gv 312). 

vaxuStis dros Tbilisis garda „sarwmunoebiT somexni“ 

(magram eTnikurad qarvelebi) cxovrobdnen aseve taSirsa da 

abocSi (iqve, gv. 312-313), magram qvemo qarTlSi jer kidev 

mravlad iyvnen qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, Tumca „xucis 

amara“ darCenilni. male mravali maTgani gadavida somexTa 

xelSi. es katastrofa Semdgomac gagrZelda» [6]. 

calke saubris Temaa Tbilisi da Tbilisis somxoba. «XVII 

saukunis Suidan Tbilisis ekonomikuri aRmavloba vaWrobis 

ganviTarebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli, xolo es sfero somexTa 

da somxuri eklesiis xelSi imyofeboda, rac kargad gamoiyeneboda 

qarTvelTa somxur sarwmunoebaze gadayvanisaTvis. am mizezis 

gamo qvemo qarTlsa da TbilisSi gaizarda somxuri sarwmunoebis 

mqoneTa raodenoba, mosaxleobis erTi nawili TandaTan 

somxuri eklesiis mrevlad iqca sparselTa nebiT. „warmovida 

yizilbaSis jari da moicves sabaraTaSvilo da somxiTi moiTare- 

Ses da iyvnen. . . xolo yorCibaSman gaamagra cixe tfilisisa 

da daagdo mun svimon-mefe 1628...“ (q.c. II, gv 415)» [6]. 

svimonis mokvlis Semdeg (1631 w.) ganrisxebulma Sahma 

qarTlSi gamogzavna gaTaTrebuli rostom-xani. amis Semdeg, 

kidev asi wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTl-kaxeTs gaTaTrebuli 

mmarTvelebi marTavdnen. «XVI saukunidanve qvemo qarTli da 

Tbilisi sparsuli politikur-ekonomikuri daqvemdebarebis 

qveS myof qveyanas warmoadgenda da aq somxur eklesias SeRavaTebi 

da upiratesoba hqonda. amis gamo mrevli akldeboda 

mahmadianTa mier sastikad devnil qarTul eklesias da emateboda 

somxur eklesias. Sedegmac ar daayovna. da, Tuki XVII 

saukunis dasawyisSi kaxeTSi yofila 20 saepiskoposo, qarTlSi 

- 21, xolo mesxeTSi – 14-mde, Teimuraz II-is qristianuli 

wesiT kurTxevisas, XVIII saukunis 40-an wlebisaTvis, qarTlkaxeTSi 

sul ramodenimeRa moqmedi saepiskoposo arsebobda, 

xolo mesxeTSi – arcerTi. XVIII s. bolosa da XIX s. dasawyisisaTvis 

qarTlSi yofila sul eqvsi saepiskoposo, kaxeTSi 

– oTxi, samcxeSi ki, vaxuStis sityvebiT: „garna Tvinier adgiladgil 

ipovebian mRvdelni da Seiqmna sruliad mahmadianoba 

wesiTa da rjuliTa maTiTa da aRSendebian meCeTni. aramed

196 197 

daSTnen glexni da iginica umwyemselni, viTarca pirutyvni“. 

mcirdeboda eklesia-monastrebis ricxvi. vinc darCa „qristiani, 

iginica umwyselni arian, vinaidan arRara ras morCileben 

qarTlis kaTalikozsa da berZenTa ara scalis maTTvis. amisTvis 

uepiskoposni da uxuconi arian“ (q.c. IV t, gv. 660). saarsebo 

pirobebisa da uuflebo mdgomareobis simZime aiZulebda maT, 

TandaTan gadasuliyvnen ucxo sjulze da amiT moepovebinaT 

zogierTi SeRavaTi arsebobis SesanarCuneblad“ (l. davlianiZe, 

„hakob kenecis...“, gv. 250-254). 

sul sxva viTarebaa aRniSnul periodSi somxur eklesiaSi. 

mas Semdeg, rac kilikiidan sakaTalikoso taxti eCmiaZinSi 

iqna gadatanili 1441 wels, is iqca somxur uZlieres sasuliero 

centrad. 1540 wels arzrumis „kanun nameSi“ specialuri 

miTiTebaa somxuri monastrebis miwaTmflobelobis Sesaxeb 

da somxuri sasuliero wodebis gaTavisuflebis Taobaze saxelmwifo 

gadasaxadebisagan (m.k. aluliani _ „Àðìåíèà â ïåðâîé 

ïîëîâèíå XVI â.”, Ì., 1971, ñ.26). aseve garkveuli SeRavaTebiT 

sargeblobda somxuri sasuliero wodeba aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSic. 

mTel saqarTveloSi, sadac ki fexi moikides mahmadianma 

mmarTvelebma, aqtiurad mimdinareobda qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis 

procesi. qarTvelebs mahmadianuri saxelmwifoebi ara 

marto asaxlebdnen TavianTi miwa-wylidan, yiddnen da yidulobdnen 

tyveebad, aramed yovelnairad uwyobdnen xels qarTvelebis 

sxva erebSi gaTqvefa-asimilacias, rac im dros mxolod 

erTi xerxiT miiRweoda – sarwmunoebrivi gadagvarebiT. qarTuli 

eklesiis samwysodan gasuli mrevli qarTuli qristianobis 

dakargvasTan erTad erovnebasac kargavda. 

Tbilissa da qvemo qarTlSi qarTuli mosaxleoba, Ziri- 

Tadad, somxur eklesias ekedleboda. . . somxur eklesias 

SeeZlo tyveTa daxsna. ase dauxsnia qarTlis tyveTagan 300 

ojaxi nadirSahis Semosevisas somxur eklesias. „imis gamo, 

rom qarTvelTa Soris aseTi saxsrebi Znelad saSovari iyo, 

Cans, qveyanas didZali xalxi ekargeboda. es viTareba somxur 

sarwmunoebas saqarTveloSi popularulsa da mimzidvels xdida“ 

(S. lomsaZe, „gviani...“. 1979 w.). somexTaTvis miniWebuli SeRavaTebis 

gamo „TviT evropeli vaWrebic ki, romelTac otomanis 

imperiaSi TavianTi interesebi hqondaT, Cumad, somexTa saxeliT 

da tansacmliT Semodiodnen da ise saqmianobdnen“ (S. lomsaZe, 

dasax. wigni). xelsayreli pirobebis dadgomis Semdeg somxuri 

eklesia advilad zrdida mrevlsa da samwysos. qarTvelebi 

iranSic mas ekedlebodnen. iranSi, somxuri eklesiis ezoeb- 

Si (mag. ispahanis erT-erT ubanSi), SemorCenilia qarTulwarweriani 

saflavis qvebi. eseni iyvnen gasomxebuli qarTvelebi. 

imdenad didi iyo grigorianul sarwmunoebaze gadasul qarTvel- 

Ta ricxvi XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, rom Tavisi axali samwysosaTvis 

somxuri eklesia locvansa da saeklesio wignebs qarTuli 

asoebiT awerinebda somxur enaze. XIX s. dasawyisisaTvis yvela 

qarTveli vaWari ukve somexad iTvleboda. 

„XVII-XVIII saukuneebis dokumentebSi yvelgan, rogorc wesi, 

somxuri warmoSobis qalaqis moxeleebis, vaWrebis, xelosnebis 

da maTi saxlis kacebis vinaoba gvaris aRmniSvneli qarTuli 

formiTaa dasaxelebuli. iSviaTi ar iyo maTSi wminda qarTuli 

saxelebic“ (v. gabaSvili, gv 335-336). 

n. berZeniSvili wers, rom Seuswavlelia da Seufasebelia 

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare eTnikuri 

procesebi – qarTvelTa „gaTaTreba“, „galekeba“, „gaoseba“, „dakargva“ 

(Cven davamatebT – „gafrangeba“-a. u.). 

eCmiaZins mniSvnelovani mamulebi hqonda Tavrizsa da TbilisSi. 

mamulebTan erTad isini yidulobdnen, agreTve, yma glexebs, 

romlebic amuSavebdnen nayid miwebs. mag., 1715 wels kaTalikos 

astvacatur amandelma TbilisSi iyida ymebad xaxutaSvilebis 

ramodenime ojaxi, ris Semdeg isini didxans eCmiaZinis 

nayid ymebad iTvlebodnen“ (S. lomsaZe, gviani...). cnobilia, rom 

is qarTveli yma-glexebi, romelTac eCmiaZini da, saerTod, somxuri 

eklesia yidulobda, iRebdnen grigorianul sarwmunoebas 

da somxdebodnen. 

qarTveli glexebis gasomxebis faqti aRwerili aqvs misioner 

ambrozis. mas SeumCnevia, rom somxdebodnen ara marto 

somxuri eklesiis mier nayidi glexebi, aramed somxdeboda im

198 199 

qarTuli soflis mosaxleoba, romlebsac iZendnen mdidari 

somxebi. adamianis gasomxeba imiT gamoixateboda, rom is aRiarebda 

Tavis Tavs somxeTis eklesiis wevrad. 

Sah-abasma kaxeTis qarTveli mosaxleoba daatyveva da sparseTSi 

gadaasaxla (zogierTi monacemiT, 300000 suli). amave 

dros, Sah-abasis piradi meTvalyureobiT Sendeboda ispahanjulfis 

brwyinvale somxuri eklesiebi... sparseTi da Turqe- 

Ti, XVI-XVIII ss. Seqmnili gansakuTrebuli politikuri vi- 

Tarebidan gamomdinare, ebrZodnen ara yvela qristianul konfesias, 

aramed mxolod marTlmadideblobas saqarTveloSi. 

XVII s. dasawyisSi mkveTrad Seicvala saerTaSoriso vi- 

Tareba – CrdiloeTSi swrafad viTardeboda da farTovdeboda 

marTlmadidebluri ruseTi, romelic samxreTisaken moiwevda 

da kavkasionis qeds uaxlovdeboda. ruseTma sparseTsa da 

osmaleTs waarTva maTi gavlenis sferoebi: yirimi, Crdilo 

Savi zRvispireTi, Crdilo kavkasia, dunaispireTi, moadga kaspiis 

zRvispireTs. igi apirebda konstantinepolis aRebas, bosforis 

srutis gakontrolebasa da xmelTaSua zRvaze gasvlas, 

aseve, iranis gavliT indoeTis okeaneze gasvlas. aqedan gamomdinare, 

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZenda kavkasia, kerZod ki 

saqarTvelo, romelic iranisa da TurqeTis mier erTmorwmune 

ruseTis potenciur mokavSired iTvleboda, romlis daxmarebiTac 

ruseTi SeZlebda kavkasiis aRebas. es prognozi momavalSi 

gamarTlda. amitom sparseT-osmaleTis mTeli politika 

kavkasiaSi iqiTken warimarTa, rom rogorme xeli SeSloda 

saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris mokavSireobas da, aqedan 

gamomdinare, cdilobdnen saqarTveloSi marTlmadideblobis 

mospobas. 

am miznis misaRwevad sparseT-osmaleTi fiqrobda somxebis 

gamoyenebasac, vinaidan qristianobis saxeliT SesaZlebeli iqneboda 

mravali marTlmadideblis cduneba, marTlmadideblobidan 

somxis rjulze gadayvana da Semdeg gasomxeba» [6]. 

Tumca am dros somxuri faqtoris gamoyenebas ruseTic 

cdilobda. «`qristianoba am SemTxvevaSi mxolod safarveli 

iyo. aq mTavar rols TamaSobda somexTa SesamCnevi adgili 

wina aziis vaWroba-mrewvelobaSi. monarqistuli ruseTis eqspansia 

nedleulisa da bazrebis dapyrobisaTvis aRmosavleTSi 

TandaTan Zlierdeboda. aseT viTarebaSi petre pirvels mxedvelobidan 

ar gamorCenia somexTa rolic. 1723 w. ivlisSi 

petrem iran-TurqeTSi mcxovreb somxebs dasasaxleblad mouwoda 

ruseTis mier dapyrobil kaspiis zRvis sanapiroebze 

(gilani, baqo, Semaxia, derbenti...). Camosaxlebulebs igi pirdeboda 

farTo ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da yvelanair SeRavaTs. 

amis Semdeg mTeli XVIII s-is manZilze aRar Sewyvetila somex 

vaWar-mrewvelTa dineba ruseTSi. ase Seiqmna Zlieri somxuri 

koloniebi Crdilo kavkasiaSi, astraxanSi, donze, peterburgSi 

da sxva. ruseTSi somxuri burJuazia sargeblobda gansakuTrebuli 

privilegiebiTa da mfarvelobiT (Ñ. Ãëèíêà, Èñòîðèÿ 

Àðìÿíñêîãî íàðîäà, ÷. I). gaZlierda ruseTis qveSevrdomoba- 

Si myofi somxur-grigorianuli eklesiac. aseT viTarebaSi maT 

xelSi Tavi moiyara udidesma simdidrem, risi meSveobiTac 

SesaZlebeli gaxda axlo urTierTobis damyareba ruseTis mmarTvel 

wreebTan, rasac mohyva qristian somexTa sakiTxis gaaqtiureba 

da dRis wesrigSi dasma“ (S. lomsaZe). swored petre 

pirvelis politikis gagrZeleba iyo 1766 w. ruseT-eCmiaZinis 

mier dadebuli xelSekruleba, ris mixedviTac unda aRmdgariyo 

„didi somxeTi“ da, raRa Tqma unda, saqarTvelos xarjze, radgan 

Tavisi istoriuli misiis gamo am qveynis arseboba (mTeli 

kavkasiis SemakavSirebel-gamaerTianebeli) rusuli politikisTvis 

miuRebeli iyo» [14]. 

aqve aRvniSnoT, rom mogvianebiT, rodesac mefis ruseTma 

saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaze Tavisi gavlena gaavrcela, isic 

iyenebda somxebs daumorCilebeli qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg Tavisi 

politikis gasatareblad. somxeTi aseve erT-erT mokavSired 

mogvevlina ukve bolSevikuri ruseTisa: saqarTvelos aneqsiis 

ganxorcielebisas ruseTma Cvens qveyanaSi is naRmebi Cado, 

romelTa afeTqeba saqarTveloze ruseTis zemoqmedebis erTerT 

faqtors warmoadgenda da rasac ruseTi Tavisi geopolitikuri 

miznebis misaRwevad dRemde iyenebs. ar aris gamoricxuli, 

rom somexTa amJamindeli moTxovna 600-ze meti ekle

200 201 

sia-nagebobebis maTTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb am politikis gamovlineba 

iyos. 

davubrundeT Temas. «TurqeTma samxreT saqarTveloSi erTmaneTis 

miyolebiT gaauqma qarTuli saepiskoposoebi, 1763- 

1764 wlebisaTvis am mxareSi darCenili iyo erTaderTi qarTveli 

episkoposi, vinme giorgi. TurqTa iZulebiT „1764w. dasawyis- 

Si am mxaris qarTveli episkoposi, giorgi, iZulebuli gamxdara, 

daetovebina marTlmadidebloba. marTlmadideblur qristianoba- 

Si osmaleTi xedavda ruseT-saqarTvelos kavSirs da araviTar 

SemTxvevaSi ar miiCnevda axalcixis safaSos teritoriaze mis 

ramenair Sewynarebas. amitomac iyo, rom qarTvelma episkoposma 

giorgim marTlmadideblobis nacvlad miiRo kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba, 

rac sakmarisi sababi gaxda imisaTvis, rom Turq moxeleebs 

SeewyvitaT saepiskoposos devna“ (S. lomsaZe _ „samcxe-javaxeTi“). 

magram saqme amiT ar damTavrebula. „gakaTolikebul episkoposs 

devna dauwyo eCmiaZinis patriarqma“ (S. lomsaZe _ „samcxe-javaxeTi“). 

somxebma faSas mosTxoves misi dapatimreba im 

motiviT, rom qarTveli episkoposi ki ar unda gakaTolikebuliyo, 

aramed unda gagrigorianebuliyo, radgan yvela qristiani, 

vinc unda iyos is, Cven unda gvemorCilebodeso. misioneri 

leoni wers: „eCmiaZinis patriarqi portas mieraa damtkicebuli 

da kargadaa daculi TviT sulTnis mier, amitom mbrZaneblobs 

mTel erze... da Turqebis firmanis ZaliT yvela sxva 

qristiani morCilebaSi mohyavs“ (S. lomsaZe _ „samcxe-javaxeTi“). 

gansakuTrebiT is qarTvelebi idevnebodnen, romlebic am 

wess daarRvevdnen da somxuri sarwmunoebis nacvlad kaTolikobas 

miiRebdnen. „gakaTolikebul qarTvel episkoposs 

faSasaTvis qrTami 1000 piasrti miucia da faSas is somexi 

episkoposisaTvis daumalavs. somexTa episkoposs faSasaTvis 

dokumenturad dausabuTebia, rom „xvanTqaris firmanis ZaliT 

axalcixelebi unda emorCilebodnen Cvens patriarqso. axla ki 

gafrangebulan da misi morCilebi ar ariano“... ès dava Cven 

imasac gvafiqrebinebs, rom axalcixis bevri marTlmadidebeli 

am gziT, albaT, grigorianul sarwmunoebas iRebda“ (S. lomsaZe 

_ „samcxe-javaxeTi“). arsebobs damamtkicebeli sabuTi 

„saqarTveloSi somxuri sarwmunoebis qarTvelTa sakmaod 

mravalricxovani koleqtivis arsebobisa“ (g. maisuraZe – qarTvel... 

gv.315). 

evsevi nikolaZe, qarTuli eklesiis istorikosi, wers, rom 

saqarTveloSi qarTvelebma Tavidan kargad miiRes Tanamorwmune 

(qristiani) somxebi. „magram somxebma qarTvelebs es Rvawli 

miT miuzRes, rom daiviwyes maTi amagi da daiwyes qarTvel 

xalxSi mwvaleblobis (e.i. grigorianobis) gavrceleba. 

qarTvelebis im erT nawils, romelic aRiarebda somexTa sarwmunoebas, 

Seaswavles somxuri ena da am gziT es xalxi qarTvelobas 

CamoaSores... aseTi warmatebiT gamxnevebuli somexTa misionerebi 

moefinnen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos da daiwyes 

qarTvelebSi mwvaleblobis gavrceleba. maT winaaRmdeg gamovidnen 

saqarTvelos ganaTlebuli kaTalikosebi: nikoloz amilaxvari 

(1675-1688), domenti (1705-1724) da, gansakuTrebiT, 

besarioni (1724-1739). saqarTveloSi Zveli droidan moipovebodnen 

TargmanSi is nawerebi, romlebic iyvnen mimarTuli 

somxuri eklesiis mwvaleblobis winaaRmdeg... somexTa mwvalebloba 

warmatebiT vrceldeboda qarTvelTa Soris imitom, 

rom saqarTveloSi gamocxadebuli iyo sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba...“ 

(ev. nikolaZe _ saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918 

w, gv. 145-146). 

saqarTvelos kaTalikosi nikoloz VII 1742 wels erT 

werilSi werda: „Cemi didi xnis wadilis Sesruleba somxebma 

ar damacales, radgan axla Cven aRar gvijereben da am qveyanaSi 

TavianT nebisaebr batonoben“. 

somxebisadmi keTilad iyo ganwyobili da maT karg pirobebs 

uqmnidnen rostom mefe, mariam dedofali (mariams wilkanSi 

somxebisaTvis eklesia augia), vaxtang VI... mefe simon I (somexi 

mematianis sityvebiT) „...somexTa didi mosiyvarule da vardapetebis 

didi pativismcemeli iyo“... `grigorianebisaTvis rostom 

mefes da mariam dedofals augiaT qalaqi (qarTlis axalqalaqi) 

grigorianuli saydrebiTa da monastrebiT“ (g. maisuraZe 

_ „qarTvel da somex xalxebis urTierToba“). ros

202 203 

tomi... marTlmadidebelTa eklesias devnida. qarTveli kaTalikosi 

evdemoni man daaxrCobina da cixidan gadmoagdebina... 

eCmiaZinis gavlena iseTi didi iyo, rom mas TviT marTlmadidebeli 

qarTveli mefeebic ki ymebsa da soflebs Cuqnidnen. 

qarTveli glexebi am gziT somxdebodnen. „kaxeTis batons 

Teimurazs da mis SviliSvils erekles eCmiaZinisaTvis SeuwiravT 

sofeli Tasmaluri Tavisi mcxovreblebiT, venaxebiTa 

da wylebiT“ (g. maisuraZe...) (es sofeli kazreTsa da qiziys 

Soris yofila). „1657 w. ukve rostom mefes Seuwiravs eCmiaZinisTvis 

sofeli naxiduri“ (g. maisuraZe...)» [6]. 

somxuri gamocdilebis gadaRebas kaTolike misionerebic 

cdilobdnen. amis magaliTia «patri ambrozis moxseneba, romSi 

1640 wels gagzavnili: „qristianebis qveyanaSi kvalad SeiZleba 

bevri keTilis qmna ramdenime mamul-soflebis yidviT, rogorc 

Svrebian somxebi, romlebisac, Tumca, didi simZulvare aqvsT 

qarTvelebs sarwmunoebis saqmeSi, magram, raki maTi xelqveiTebi 

gaxdebian, bevri maTgani gadadis somxis weszed, amazed uaresic 

vnaxeT: zogierTma saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma mdidarma uriebma 

gaauriaves ramdenime TavianTi yma da mosamsaxure. amisaTvis 

Tvinier raime eWvisa, bevri qarTveli siamovnebiT miiRebs la- 

Tiniss wessa, ukueTu Seiqmnebian Cvenni xelqveiTni“ (m. TamaraSvili 

_ „pasuxad somxis mwerlebs“). 

qarTvelTa masiur gagrigorianebas xels isic uwyobda, rom, 

maSin damkvidrebuli wesis Tanaxmad, vaWari, meduqne, xelosani, 

amqari, moqalaqe grigorianuli sarwmunoebisa unda yofiliyo. 

ufro metic, sxvadasxva xelobis mosaqmeni qmnidnen gaerTianebebs, 

romelSic SesvlisaTvis aucileblad saWiro iyo gagrigorianeba. 

qarTvel grigorianebs mxolod sarwmunoebrivad miaCndaT 

TavianTi Tavi „somxebad“, eTnikurad ki – „saqarTvelos Svilebad“. 

mxolod XIX saukunis dasawyisidan aRricxes rusebma 

qarTveli grigorianebi erovnebiT somxebad, aseTive somxebad 

aRricxes somxuri tipikonis mqone qarTveli kaTolikeebi» [6]. 

qarTvelTa gasomxebis process xels socialur-ekonomikuri 

faqtorebic uwyobda: «... unda vifiqroT, rom grigorianobis 

miReba – es iyo socialuri kategoriis Secvla. es iyo raRac 

msgavsi socialuri revoluciisa.. SinaomebiT, lekianobiT, mahmadianuri 

agresiiT gatanjul, dazaralebul glexebsa da xelosnebs 

omi aRar surdaT. Cans, gadasaxadebiT da omebiT 

gaRatakebuli xalxis masebi ise xvdebodnen grigorianul sarwmunoebas, 

rogorc ganmaTavisuflebels siRatakisa da omebisagan. 

marTlac, es sarwmunoeba aTavisuflebda glexs da xelosans 

omis begarisagan da, Cans, sabatono gadasaxadisagan. 

maTi mfarveli xdeboda Zlieri da mdidari somxuri eklesia, 

romelic siRatakisagan daxsnisa da uSiSroebis garantias 

aZlevda maT, samagierod, arafers ar iTxovda glexobisa da 

xelosnebisagan, garda eCmiaZinis religiuri upiratesobis aRiarebisa. 

marTlac, ekonomiurad dauZlurebul da amiT avtoritet- 

Selaxul mcxeTasTan (qarTul eklesiasTan) SedarebiT, mdidar 

eCmiaZins didi garegnuli brwyinvaleba hqonda. 

grigorianobis miRebiT glexi, rogorc „somexi“ anu vaWari 

Tavisufldeboda omis begarisagan, es im dros, roca yovel 

Tavads Tavisi mamuli patara saxelmwifod miaCnda da gametebiT 

ibrZoda am „saxelmwifo“ sazRvrebis gafarToebisaTvis. 

amas garda, grigorianebs Seqmnili hqondaT erTgvari korporaciebi, 

urTierTdaxmarebis salaroebi TavianT eklesiebTan. eklesia 

exmareboda Rataks, aZlevda bavSvebs ganaTlebas, aswavlida 

vaWrobas da, rac mTavaria, tyved wayvanil ojaxebsac ki 

ixsnidnen fuliT da abrunebdnen TavianT sacxovrebel adgilze. 

es didad mimzidvels xdida grigorianobas. saqarTveloSi 

im dros „somxoba“ aRniSnavda ara erovnebas, aramed socialur 

fenas, socialur kategorias. qveyanaSi arsebobda yma, anu glexi, 

mebatone da „somexi“, anu vaWar-xelosani. „somxoba“ – es iyo 

vaWar-xelosanTa fena da ara erovneba da isini ar idevnebodnen 

spars-osmalTa mier. somxoba rogorc iranis, ise Turqe- 

Tis ekonomikuri warmatebis sayrdeni iyo. somxebs swored 

vaWroba-xelosnoba evalebodaT. somxoba religiur-ekonomikuri 

organizacia iyo. aman gamoiwvia is, rom erT periodSi, Sida 

qarTlis barSi, miuxedavad mosaxleobis siWarbisa, gauqmda 

yvela qarTuli saepiskoposo, radgan mosaxleoba gagrigorian

204 205 

da da eCmiaZins Seemata. amitom erekle II droisaTvis mcxeTidan 

vidre lixis qedamde TiTqmis aRarc erTi qarTuli 

saepiskoposo aRar arsebobda, mxolod mcxeTa-TbilisSi da 

kaxeTSi isxdnen qarTveli episkoposebi!» [6]. 

«sarwmunoebrivad gasomxebul qarTvelTa somxur cnobierebaze 

gadasvla aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ufro nela mimdinareobda. 

aq gasomxebulebis udidesi nawili qarTulenovani iyo 

da maT „uyvardaT saqarTvelo, qarTuli kultura, qarTuli 

adaT-wesebi da yovelive mamapapuri, saqarTvelos istoria da 

winaprebi. aseTi „somxebi“ gansxvavdebian namdvili somxebisagan 

da namdvil somxad arc miaCndaT TavianTi Tavi, xolo 

somxeTSi maT somxad ar miiCnevdnen.... somxuri eklesiis moRvawe 

artem ararateli aRniSnavs qarTuli enis sayovelTao 

xmarebis Sesaxeb grigorianTa mier: „aqauri somxebis umravlesobam 

srulebiT ar icis somxuri da qarTulad laparakobs. 

. . am adgilebis gavla miT ufro Zneli iyo, rom somxebma ar 

icodnen somxuri ena da qarTulad laparakobdnen“ (g. maisuraZe). 

amis gamo gaxda saWiro, rom maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT 

daeweraT somxuri locvani, wignebi da saxarebac ki» [6]. 

4. 4. 4. „ruseTs „ruseTs „ruseTs Tavisi Tavisi Tavisi samxreTis samxreTis samxreTis sazRvarTan 

sazRvarTan 

sazRvarTan 

„erTguli „erTguli ZaRlis“ ZaRlis“ ZaRlis“ dabma dabma sWirdeboda“ 

sWirdeboda“ 

somxebi yvela droSi cdilobdnen, esargeblaT axladSeqmnili 

politikuri garemoebebiT da mcire SesaZleblobasac ar 

uSvebdnen, TavianTi interesebi rom daecvaT saqarTvelosa da 

qarTvelTa xarjze. maTTvis gansakuTrebiT xelsayreli vi- 

Tareba Seiqmna ruseTis mier saqarTvelos SeerTebis Semdeg. 

kavkasiaSi TavianTi imperiuli miznebis misaRwevad da erTmorwmune 

qarTvelebis sawinaaRmdego politikis gasatareblad 

rusebma mokavSired somxebi gaixades. 

«somexTa pirvelobis mada mTel wina aziasa da amierkavkasiaSi 

araxali xili gaxldaT. patkanovma 1883 wels ruka 

gamosca, sadac mtkvris marjvena sanapiro armeniis kuTvnilebaa, 

marcxena – alaniisa, qarTvelebis xseneba ki arsadaa... swored 

es kaci gaxldaT niko maris aRmzrdeli. arada, erTi aTaswleulis 

manZilze mainc somexTa pirvelobis sakiTxi amierkavkasiaSi 

arasodes damdgara (romaelTa mier somxuri saxelmwifos IV 

s-Si gauqmebis Semdeg mainc). es mxolod ruseTs Tavisi samxreTis 

sazRvarTan „erTguli ZaRlis“ dabma sWirdeboda (swored ase 

werda mis umaRlesobas statski sovetniki bulgakovi 

(ÖÃÈÀÍËô. 1268, î 11, ã233, ä. 422) da, vinaidan saqarTveloSi 

aseT „erTgulebas“ ver hpovebda da verc hpova, mis samxreTel 

mezobels – somxobas mimarTa, romelsac imxanad saxelmwifo 

saerTod ar hqonda da „didi armeniis“ Seqmnis pirobiTa da 

somxuri kapitalis gamoyenebiT apirebda samxreTisaken (TurqeTis 

imperiis xarjze) Tavisi samflobeloebis gazrdas (isev iq 

mcxovreb somexTa imediT, SemdgomSi, omis dros, didi daxmareba 

rom gauwies TurqTa zurgSi). isic sakiTxavia, ratom ar endobodnen 

rusebi qarTvelebs da ar miiCnevdnen „erTgul ZaRlebad“? 

saqme is iyo, rom saukuneebis manZilze saqarTvelo 

(istoriuli qarTli) Tavisi ganfenilobiTa da ideologiiT 

yovelTvis iyo mTeli amierkavkasiis gamaerTianebeli yvela 

juris dampyrobis winaaRmdeg (sparseTis, romis, arabebis, Turqebisa 

da TviT monRolebisac ki). erTi sityviT, moqmedebda 

fenomeni, romelic wina saukunis bolo aTwleulSi „kavkasiuri 

saxlis“ ideiT aRorZinda, magram, samwuxarod, man Cven 

ufro didi ziani mogvitana (mxedvelobaSi afxazeTi gvaqvs), 

„kavkasiuri saxli“ ki isev ruseTis mier faqtobrivad pan- 

Turquli ideiT Seikra. caristuli mmarTvelobisa da politikuri 

kursis ganmsazRvrelTaTvis, etyoba, kargad iyo cnobili 

qarTvelis Tavisuflebismoyvare suli da, Tavis sawinaaRmdego 

koalicia rom moespo, an misi Seqmnis SesaZlebloba 

sulac rom aRmoefxvra, swored is sWirdeboda – amitomac 

aRar unda yofiliyo qarTvelisa da saqarTvelos saxsenebeli! 

amisTvis ki, aqtiur politikasTan erTad, rogorc dRes 

uwodeben, „informaciuli omis“ mogebac iyo saWiro, da amoqmedda 

mTeli imperiuli manqana – da, raRa Tqma unda, „erTguli 

ZaRlebic“ auSves» [14]. 

manamde ki «àleqsandre pirvelma mTavarmmarTebel torma

206 207 

sovs daavala saqarTvelos saeklesio sakiTxebis gamokvleva. 

reviziam cxadi gaxada, rom saqarTvelos eklesia umsxvilesi 

da yma-mamulebiT mdidari feodalic iyo“ (S. lomsaZe). da 

1811 w. imperatorma gaauqma misi avtokefalia, riTac, faqtobrivad, 

erTi gasroliT ramodenime kurdReli mokla: 1. Tavidan 

moiSora erT-erTi umsxvilesi feodali, riTac saSualeba eZleoda, 

misi miwa-mamulebi saxazinod gamoeyenebina da, rogorc 

moesurveboda, ise emarTa isini; 2. aSkara konkurents uspobda 

rusul marTlmadideblur eklesias da mas yovelgvar gasaqans 

aZlevda (Tumca, rogorc Semdeg gairkva, sruliad sxva eklesiam 

miiTvala mosavali); 3. koloniuri politikis gamoyenebiTa da 

rusuli enis ZaliT danergviT daCqarda garusebis sakiTxi, 

radgan eklesiidanac qarTulis amogdebiT, faqtobrivad, enis 

sruli ignorireba xdeboda (saxelmwifo da sasamarTlo enad 

ukve rusuli funqcionirebda) (m. TamaraSvili). 

jer kidev XX s-is dasawyisSi gazeTma „isarma” (1907 w. 

#110) qarTuli sazogadoebis winaSe gamoamzeura yvela is 

„sikeTe“, rac sinodma Cvens eklesias moutana: 1) sinodis moxeleebma 

mtkvarSi gadayares yvela adrindeli kanoni da dadgenileba, 

dawves auracxeli saeklesio dokumenti. rac darCa, 

peterburgSi waiRes (anu mTlianad mospes qarTuli eklesiis 

saarqivo masala). 2) mospes 25 eparqia, romelTa Soris zogi 

15 saukunis ganmavlobaSi arsebobda. 3) egzarxosma evsevi 

ilinskim gayida qarTvel kaTalikosTa uZvirfasesi samoseli, 

xatebsa da samoslebs Zvirfasi Tvlebi Camoxsna. monawileobda 

gelaTis monastris samoslebis mitacebaSi, radgan swored 

man darTo neba graf paninsa da levaSovs (1870), viTomcda, 

sarestavraciod gaetanaT isini. imereTis kaTalikosTa sapatriarqo 

samoslidan (stambolis aRebamde iyo isini Seqmnili) 

8 girvanqa oqro gadaadnes, xolo margalitebidan da 

firuzebidan qalebs samkaulebi gaukeTes. 4) swored am egzarxosis 

dros daikarga sionis taZridan auracxeli simdidre, 

oqro, ramodenime fuTi margaliti, firuzi da sxva Zvirfasi 

qva. aseve gaiZarcva alaverdis, ninowmindis da sxva did 

taZarTa saganZurebi. 

qarTuli samRvdeloebis fenis mospobis Semdeg „Tavisufal“ 

adgilebze sinodi rus da somex RvTismsaxurebs miavlenda 

xolme. naTlobis aqtis Catarebis Semdgom qarTul 

gvarTa daboloeba „Svili“ Sesabamisi rusuli „ov“ daboloebiT 

icvleboda...im mrevlSi ki, romelsac tertera hyavda, monaTvlisas 

arqmevdnen somexi episkoposis mier rekomendirebul 

saxelebs da ase TandaTan icvleboda maTi vinaoba. xSirad 

axal saxels axali gvaris xelovnurad Seqmna da gadakeTebac 

mosdevda. mag. Tu naTlobisas akops daarqmevdnen, misi Svili 

ukve akopovad iwereboda. meore-mesame Taobis eTnikur somxad 

Caweras ki win ukve aRaraferi daudgeboda... es saqarTveloSi 

xdeboda masiurad yvelgan da, gansakuTrebiT, im provinciebSi, 

SemdgomSi „erevnis gubernias“ rom esazRvreboda, anu loreSi, 

qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi. 

„1840 w. 10 aprilis dadgenilebis safuZvelze administraciuli 

cvlilebebis Sedegad gauqmda axalcixis safaSos 

droebiTi mmarTveloba da mis nacvlad Seiqmna erTi axalcixis 

mazra, romelic saqarTvelo-imereTis guberniaSi Sevida. 

axlad Seqmnili mazra sam ubnad dahyves: axalqalaqis, xerTvisisa 

da abasTumnis“ (Â. Èâàíåíêî, Ãðàæäàíñêîå óïðàâëåíèå). 

da swored aqedan daiwyo „didi TamaSi“. „1846 w. axali 

administraciuli gadanawilebis dros, rodesac amierkavkasia- 

Si Seiqmna 4 gubernia, erzrumidan Camosaxlebuli kolonistebisa 

da zogierTi didvaWar-markitantebis gavleniT, mTavrobam 

axalcixis mazras Camoacila axalqalaqis ubani da es erTi 

administraciuli ubani orad gayo. orad gayofili provinciis 

erTi didi nawili, rogorc axalcixis mazra, Sevida quTaisis 

guberniaSi, xolo meore nawili – axalqalaqis ubani – 

Tbilisis guberniaSi, magram ara, rogorc damoukidebeli axalqalaqis 

mazra, aramed rogorc aleqsandropolis mazris 

erTi ubani. ase xelovnurad da dausabuTeblad moiwadines 

viTomc eTnikuri somxuri mazris Seqmna saqarTvelos istoriul 

miwa-wyalze... 1849 w. aleqsandropolis mazra SeuerTes 

axlad Seqmnil erevnis gubernias, axalqalaqis ubani ki daubrunda 

axalcixis mazras. SemdegSi axalqalaqis ubani mazrad aqcies,

208 209 

1868 wlidan axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebi SeuerTes 

tfilisis gubernias. amis Semdeg ramdenjerme kidev iyo cda 

saqarTvelosagan axalqalaqis mazris Camocilebisa, magram nacionalistTa 

es zraxva marcxiT mTavrdeboda“ (S. lomsaZe). 

ruseTis mTavroba ki ucxo sasuliero pirTa sakuTari 

imperiis farglebidan gaZevebas cdilobda (igi amas somexi 

sasuliero pirebis xeliT akeTebda-a.u.). yvelaferi ki axalcixeSi 

daiwyo: somxuri kaTolikuri wesis erT-erTma mRvdelma 

SahyulianT pavlem (propagandis aRzrdili gaxldaT) omi 

autexa misions, yvela saSualebas mimarTa, raTa isini samudamod 

gaeZevebina sqarTvelodan. 

„SahyulianT pavlem mTel saqarTveloSi dagzavna Tavisi 

mRvdlebi, kapucinebis mier datovebuli eklesiebi rom daekavebinaT. 

mosaxleobam maT karebi dauketa da arCies, sul umRvdlod 

darCeniliyvnen, vidre somxis mRvdlebi hyolodaT. mTavroba 

ki iZulebuli gaxda, amis Semdeg poloneli samRvdeloeba moewvia. 

samwuxarod, Seteva amiT ar dasrulebula. papma pius IX-m 

1848 w. 3 ivliss saqarTvelos yvela kaTolike, rogorc laTinuri, 

aseve somxuri wesisa tiraspolis axali eparqiis gamgeblobas 

dauqvemdebara“ (m. TamaraSvili) 

somxebma amiT kvlav isargebles da sakuTari wesebi Semoi- 

Res, Tumca laTinuri eklesiebi da maTi qoneba xelSi ver 

Caigdes. „amitom erT Zalze sakvirvel saSualebas mimarTes: 

yvelanairad Seecadnen, xalxi daejerebinaT, TiTqos arasodes 

arsebobdnen qarTveli kaTolikebi da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi 

yvela kaTolike somexi iyo. am axal gamogonebas ruseTis 

mTavroba keTilganwyobiT Sexvda, radgan xels uwyobda mis 

zraxvebs. amitom imperatorma aleqsandre III-m 1886 w. 16 ianvars 

gamoaqveyna brZanebuleba, romelic, garda im mravali wyalobisa, 

somxebs rom uboZes, Seicavda aseT muxls: „misi imperatorobiTi 

udidebulesoba brZanebs, kavkasiaSi morwmune ka- 

Tolikebs, sulerTia, somxur wess ekuTvnian Tu laTinurs, 

aRara aqvT ufleba qarTuli eniT isargeblon eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi, 

rom aRar iyos dayofa qarTvel da somex kaTolikebad“ 

(m. TamaraSvili) 

es iyo eTnikuri qarTvelebis mospobis kidev erTi cda, 

radgan somxuri wesis eklesiis mrevlis meore Taoba ara 

gasomxebul qarTvelad, ukve somexad iwereboda! ruseTis 

mTavrobam cota ufro adre izruna somxuri kaTolikuri da 

grigorianuli eklesiebis gaerTianebaze. „am mizniT (romisgan 

rom gamoeyo) didi sarfa da uxvi sazRauri SesTavaza yvelas, 

vinc isurvebda rusul eklesias SeerTeboda. amave dros, swyalobda 

mas, vinc aRar amJRavnebda damokidebulebas romis 

eklesiisadmi, an vinc am eklesias mTlianad ganudgeboda, raTa 

gamoyofil somxur eklesiaSi gadasuliyo. ruseTis mTavrobam 

romis eklesiidan somxur eklesiaSi gadasvlis gasaadvileblad 

saxe Seucvala Tavis kanonmdeblobas, rasac amtkicebs 

sabuTi, romelic ruseTis ministrma perovskim gamoyofil 

somexTa kaTalikoss nersess 1852 w. 30 ianvars gaugzavna“. 

es iyo somxuri kaTolikuri da grigorianuli eklesiebis 

faqtobrivi gaerTianeba da dResdReobiT mxolod somxuri 

grigorianuli eklesia arsebobs. saerTod, zemoT moxseniebuli 

yvela es faqti gaxda mizezi imis, rom istoriuli mesxe- 

Tis teritoriaze qarTuli eTnosi garkveul epoqamde Zalze 

mcire iyo. swored igive sakiTxebi gamoiyofa saqarTvelos 

kidev erTi provinciis (Tumca ukve yofilis), lores istoriaSic» 

[14]. 

5. 5. somexTa somexTa somexTa umravlesobas umravlesobas qarTveli 

qarTveli 

grigorianebi grigorianebi Seadgendnen 

Seadgendnen 

gasomxebis, iseve, rogorc gafrangebis, process xels uwyobda 

qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi daqveiTeba, gauTviTcnobierebloba. 

eri ver erkveoda sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebSi, ver asxvavebda 

WeSmarit swavlebas mwvaleblobisagan. „qristianobis” 

saxeliT mas acdunebdnen da igi mwvalebelTa msxverpli 

xdeboda. erTaderTi, rac qarTvel ers gamoarCevda, tradicia 

da wes-Cveulebani iyo. 

marTlmadidebeli eklesia saTanadod veRar patronobda 

Tavis samwysos. bevrgan moiSala da mravali aTeuli wlis

210 211 

ganmavlobaSi aRar aResruleboda wirva-locva. daumoZRvravi 

da, rig SemTxvevaSi, mwyemsis gareSe darCenili marTlmadidebeli 

eris warmomadgenlebi somexTa Tu laTinTa aqtiuri, xan 

daTafluli, umTavresad kiA_ agresiuli prozelitizmis msxverpli 

xdebodnen. 

gazeTi „iverias~ (1893 w., #225) werilSi „mdgomareoba 

marTl-madideblobisa saqarTvelos saeqsarxosoSi“, mohyavs cnoba 

uwmindesi sinodis oberprokuroris 1892 da 1893 wlebis 

angariSidan. igi daibeWda JurnalSi „Öåðêîâííèÿ Âåäîìîñòè~ 

(1893 w. #36,) da ganixilavs marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebriv 

mdgomareobas saqarTvelos eparqiebSi. masSi, kerZod, naTqvamia: 

«... 2. qarTvelebi sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivad Zalian ukan 

arian CamorCenili. iSviaTad dadian ekklesiebSi, ar aqvT gulmodgineba 

taZrebis gamSvenebisa SesawiravebiT, naklebad aqvT 

survili aRsarebisa da wminda ziarebis miRebisa, da TiTqmis 

arc-ki icnoben marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebis swavla-moZRvrebasa». 

am cnobis moyvanis Semdeg werilSi naTqvamia: «yovelive 

zemo-aRwerilidgan sCans, rom sarwmunoebis mxriv saqarTvelos 

saeqsarxosos marTlmadidebeli samwymso ara sanatrels 

da sasiamovno yofaSia; amas uSvelis mxolod samrevlo-saeklesio 

skolebi; magram, rogorc mowmobs usamRvdeloesi eqsarxosi, 

samwuxarod, samRvdeloeba, sasuliero wodeba am saqmisTvis 

naklebad aris momzadebuli; mizezi amisa aris, rom: 1) sasuliero 

wodebaSi naklebad arian ganaTlebulni da 2) nivTieris 

mxriv ar aris igi uzrunvelyofili. erTi mesamedi saqarTvelos 

eparqiis samRvdeloebisa sruliad moklebulia ganaTlebas, 

anu miuRia igi ori-sami wlis ganmavlobaSi dabals saswavlebelSi 

da Semdeg momzadebula monastrebSi, an TviT samrevloebSi, 

sadac umsaxurnia ekklesiis darajobidgan mokidebuli 

mRvdlis xarisxamde; amisTana samRvdeloebas ar ZaluZs 

moZRvreba, swavleba xalxisa, maTi sarwmunoebrivi ganviTareba 

da mavne zne-CveulebaTa aRmofxvra maT Soris». 

am savalalo mdgomareobis fonze somexi mRvdlebi _ terterebi 

_ did gulmodginebasa da moxerxebas iCendnen. zaqaria 

WiWinaZe werda: 

«somxis samRvdeloeba yovelTvis ufro Tavisuflad moqmedebda, 

yovelTvis ufro ayvarebda mrevls Tavs, vinemc qarTvelTa. 

somxis samRvdeloebis devizs es Seadgenda: ZmaTa siyvaruli, 

qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris sruli mSvidoba da pativis cema, 

erTmanerTis mfarveloba da gatana. es asec unda yofiliyos 

maTgan, igini nebas aZlevdnen somxebs, rom amaT qarTvelT eklesiebSi 

evloT _ iq, sadac somxis eklesiebi ar iyo, TiTqmis 

saziarebladac ki momzadebuliyvnen, sefiskveric aeRoT, xolo 

ziarebiT ki somxis mRvdlisagan unda ziarebuliyo. 

iyo xolme iseTi SemTxvevebic, rom qarTveli SeuTqvamda, rom 

Cemi Svili ama da am somxis eklesias, anu xatis dReobas unda 

movnaTlovo, marTlac, daniSnul dResaswaul dRes romelime 

soflidam waiyvandnen iq qarTvelT ymawvils da somxis mRvdeli 

monaTlavda somxurad. amazed winaaRmdegi aravina sTqvas, 

martod Tfiliss maxlobliv TeleTSi wminda giorgSi, krwanisis 

eklesiaSi da Sav-nabadas ramdenime asi qarTvelia monaTluli. 

TeleTis wyaloba aris, rom mis garSemo mTeli qarTvelT 

grigorianebi dRes TavianT Tavebs namdvil somxaT aRiareben. 

aseTma garemoebam saqarTveloSi 1830 wlamde gastana. am saydris 

saSualebiT didi Zali qarTveloba moesxlita Tavis 

vinaobas, aseT gaTvisebulT qarTvelTa ricxviT savsea TviT 

Tfilisi. mere isic unda iTqvas, rom erT dros, TeleTis 

wmida giorgi, Sav-nabada da krwanisic qarTvelTa saydrebi iyo, 

mis garSemo qarTvelni scxovrobdnen, xolo JamTa viTarebis 

meoxebiT aqeT qarTvelT samRvdeloeba uZlur iqmna, maT mrevlis 

movla aRar SaeZloT. mrevli ki ara da, TviT taZrebsac 

ki stovebdnen upatronod, oxrad, aRarc movlis Tavi hqondaT, 

aRarc saxsari sarwmunoebis viTarebisa, maTs gamudmebuls vi- 

Tarebasa mxolod musulmanTa mtroba Seadgenda, maTTan omi da 

sisxlis Rvra, saydris movlis da qarTvelis sjuliT SemofargvlisTvis 

aRaravis scxeloda. 

amiT sargeblobdnen somexTa samRvdeloni da igini mogzaurobdnen 

soflidan sofels, TviT miuvals, miyruebuls qarTvelT 

soflebSi da iq qarTvelebs xSirad somxurad unaTlavden 

ymawvilebs, aqorwinebdnen, amis modave maT winaSe aRaravin iyo,

212 213 

radganac qarTvelT mis Segnebis Zala aRar SeswevdaT _ maT- 

Tvis sul erTi iyo, oRond qarTveli mounaTlavi ar darCeniliyo, 

dausaflavebeli. 

somxis samRvdeloebas rom ufro mZlavrad emoqmedna 

qarTvelebzed, amitom igini axla gadabirebul qarTvelT ar 

uSlidnen TviT qarTvelT saydrebSi siaruls, locvis mosmenas 

da ziarebasac ki. mxne moZRvarT mklavebi aramc Tu martod 

qarTvel ers efineboda gars da eTviseboda, aramed eseni 

epatronebodnen TviT qarTvelTa didron taZrebsac ki, iseT 

taZrebs, rogoric axpatia, sanaini, beTlemis RvTismSobeli, bolnisis 

sioni, mixaelis saydari, TeleTis didi taZari. martod 

TfilisSi qarTvelebis oTxi saydari aqvsT daCemebuli da 

gasomxebuli. eseni arian feTxiani, wm. mixeilis saydari, didi 

meidnis Tavzed wm. giorgisa da metexis aRmarTzed patara 

saydari. 

Tumca somxis samRvdeloeba Tanaswori iyo sjulis saqmis 

SexedulebaSi, xolo upiratesobis ganmaTviseblobiT ki moqmedebda 

xalxSi da sul misi wyaloba iyo, rom Sig Sua guls 

qarTlis soflebSi ase mravlad danerges somxis mcneba, somxuri 

deda hazrebis pativiscema. saqme ise moewyo, rom dRes 

mTels qarTlSi veRarc erTs ver aTqmevineb, rom igi qarTveli 

grigoriania, rom mas martod sjuli aqvs somxisa da ena da 

modgma ki qarTvelis, amis cnebac ki ar arsebobs maTs TavSi. 

Tumca umetes nawils gvari da saxelebic namdvili qarTuli 

aqvsT, magram mainc ise arian gadabirebulni, rom igini arc am 

garemoebas akvirdebian. 

vinc ki qarTvelTagani Zveladganve daSTen grigorianTa eklesiis 

winaSe, yvela maT saxelaTa da gvaraTac im saxiT da 

gziT erqmeodaT saxelebi, rogorc grigorianT eklesia iTxovda, 

magaliTebr, urTierTis gasarCevad ivanes _ ohanezi, giorgis 

– geurqa, maTes _ maTeos da sxvac ase. erTis sityviT, samRvdeloba 

monaTvlis sjulis saSualebiT qarTvelebSi icavda namdvil 

Zireuls somxurs saxelebs da sul amis wyaloba gaxlavsT, 

rom JamTa viTarebis wyalobiT qarTvelT somxis saxelebi 

ewoda. 

ai, es soflebic: naTluxi, aq aris mravalni qarTvel gvarisani 

gasomxebulni, soRanluxs, krwaniss, Sindiss, tabaxmelas, xatis 

TeleTs, walahyurs, TeleTs, kumiss, vaSlovans, ertis, Roubans, 

borbalos, muxaTs, kodas, marabdas, marneuls, Wolagaurs, patara 

Sulavers, dids Sulavers, axtalas, madans, spilenZis madans, darbazs, 

gograSens, axbulaxs, vanaZurs, kolaCs, bornas, lalkanaTs, 

karanduxars, baitaloglas sofels, zemo sarals, qvemo sarals, 

baganos, bolniss da sxvaganac. am soflebs garda _ SamSadils, 

yazaxs, borCalos, yarabaxis sazRvrad, Sulaverisken da bambakisken 

qarTvelTa iyo 240 sofeli. XVII saukunis Semdegidam es 

soflebi Semcirda qarTvelT mcxovrebTa ricxviT, yvela igini 

sparseTs iqmnen gadasaxlebulni, maT moadgileT aq gamravldnen 

TaTrebi da somxebi. JamTa viTarebis wyalobiT am soflebs 

yvelas saerTod SeecvalaT qarTuli saxelebi da maT magier 

TaTruli ewodaT. am soflebs ise aqvsT saxelebi Secvlili, 

rom ZnelaT maT qarTulis rameRa Seetyos, zogis qarTul saxelebs 

vaxuStic moixsenebs da zogsac aq daSTenil qarTvelT 

Zvel STenni RaRadeben. ase da amgvarad moispo aq qarTvelT 

xseneba. vinc ki Savs beds gadarCa, ar gadasaxlda da aq daSTa, 

maTi nawili qarTlis samRvdeloebisagan mitovebul iqmnen da 

amitom umetes nawili maTi zogi somxebs SeuerTda da zogic 

TaTrebs: zogi ZaliT, zogi nebiT, drois wyalobiT maT qarTuli 

enac daiviwyes da, ase da amgvarad, am vrcels kuTxeSi sadReisod 

amovarda Zirian-fesvianad qarTuli ena. 

mokled unda iTqvas, rom mTels qarTls somexT STamomavalni 

mxolod gors, axalgors, duSeTs, axal qalaqs da mcirec or-sam 

soflebSi scxovroben, danarCen adgilebSi vinc ki scxovroben, 

isini qarTvelis tomisani gaxlavan da JamTa viTarebis meoxebiT 

gasomxebulni, amas gadawyvetiT vambobT. -aseT gasomxebulT 

ricxvi metad didia TbilisSi, TiTqmis somexTa naxevari qalaq- 

Si aseT qarTvelTagan Sesdgeba, magram yvela maT daviwyebuli 

aqvsT TavianT vinaoba da mis istoria. igini dRes namdvili 

„haebi“ arian, Tumca haikuraT araferi ician. mTel qarTvlis 

qarTvel somxobas dRes Tavis Tavi namdvil somxaT miaCniaT, 

somxeTidgan mosulebaT sTvlian Tavebs, Tumca maT amisi ara

214 215 

etyobaT ra da garegan da Sinagan namdvils qarTvels warmoadgenen. 

maT veravin ras SeamCnevs, rom igini somxebi, an maTi STamomavalni 

iyvnen. saqarTveloSi 2600 wlis ganmavlobaSi TviT 

qarTvel uriebma Seinaxes TavianTi sulis Zala da saxe, TviT 

maT etyobaT dResac kargad, rom igini ebraelTa STamomavalni 

arian da, nuTu somxebs, romelTa mosvlac saqarTveloSi XVII 

saukunis iqiT ar miswvdeba, amaT ki ar unda SerCenodesT TavianTi 

niSanwyali? es SeuZlebelia. 

samcxe-saaTabagos dacemamde, mTels kuTxesa da, nametur _ 

axalcixeSi namdvil somexTa ricxvi sul ar iyo. axalcixeSi 

somxebi gaCndnen qarTvelTagan. osmaleTis samflobelo 

saqarTveloSi osmalebma Zriel gauWires saqme qarTvelTa. yvelas 

aTaTrebdnen, gauTaTrebliv aravis stovebdnen, qarTvels an 

sxva sjuli unda mieRo, an unda gaTaTrebuliyo, orSi erTi 

eloda. am dros qarTvelT iwyes gafrangeba da gasomxeba, qalaqis 

zemo nawilis qarTveloba gafrangda da qvemo nawilis, anu 

sadac qarTvelT ebraelni saxloben, imaT maxloblaT mcxovreb 

qarTvelni ki gasomxden. maSin am gasomxebulT ricxvi 300 

komlzed meti iqneboda, maT ori saydari aqvndaT. qarTvelebs 

rogorc gafrangebas ar uSlidnen, iseve gasomxebas _ rogorc 

afrangebdnen, ise asomxebdnen. amas nuravin iucxovebs. 

kaxeTSi somxebis misvla ekuTvnis sam xanas: XII sauk. XVI 

sauk. da XVII sauk. mxolod mcire ricxvi ki, ase rom maTi 

aRniSvna 100 komlzed iqiT ar wava, iginic dasaxlebul iqmnen 

Telavs, siRnaxs da sagarejos. danarCen adgilebSi Semdeg gaCndnen. 

dRes kaxeTSi, gareT Tu SigniT kaxeTs _ somxebi scxovroben 

Semdeg soflebSi: Telavs, sadac daCemebuli aqvsT qarTvelT 

ekklesiac, qistaurs, rCeuleTs, xorxels, alaverds, janians, oJios, 

artozans, artozans meores (aq somexT ricxvi Zvelad dasaxlebula 

ramdenime komli), ruis-pirs (aqac Zvelad dasaxlebula 

ramdenime komli). axatels, vardis ubans, gulgulas, kurdRelaurs, 

tomians, winandals, Cobakurs, qvemo xodaSens, kalaurs, 

SaSians, uriaTubans, mukuzans, veliscixes, Cumlays, kuWatans, 

sanavardes, pirisyanas, faSaans, iraklis cixes, nafareuls, 

sankores, artakas, lalisyurs, taxtis sofels, axatels, fiCx- 

ovans, baxtrians, mataans, yandaurs, gavazs, kuWatans, sanavardes, 

pirisyvanas, bakurcixes qalaqs, kardanaxs, jugaans, tibaans, prasiaans, 

ozaans, sulkanas da sxvani. ivris xeobaze scxovroben 

Semdeg soflebSi: kakabeTs, manavs, giorgi wmindas, sagarejos, 

nino wmindas, patarZeuls, karbulaxs, ujarmas, vejins, norios, 

martyofs, axal sofels, sarTiWalas, navTluxs da sxvaganac 

aqa-iq TiTo-orola komlni. qiziyisken scxovreben Semdeg adgilebs: 

q. siRnaxs, gurjaans, Calaubans, melaans, qodalos, fxovles, 

ziaras, agramas, jimiTs, anagas, vaqirs, saqvabos, maSnaars, 

mirzaans, maCxaans, fanians, maRaros, nukrians, Wotors, bodbes, 

bodbis xevs, kodals, asnaurs, axal siRnaxs anu nasomxars, da 

sxva soflebSiac TiTo-orola komli. 

kaxeTSi uwin somexTa ricxvs fexi gamagrebuli hqonda Telavs, 

siRnaxs, sagarejos da ors Tu sams soflebSi. danarCenSi 

maTi ricxvis xsenebac ar iyo, iq maTsas kaci vervis naxavda, 

xolo SeiZleboda vaWrobis mxriT TiTo-orola kaci aqa-iq 

droebiT misuli genaxaT. danarCens veravis naxavdiT. yvela 

zemoxsenebuls soflebSi, sadac ki dRemde somxebi scxovreben, 

yvela igini qarTvelebi arian STamomavlobiT _ maTi vinaoba 

qarTvelia, dedaenac qarTuli, igini JamTa viTarebis meoxebiT da 

somexTa samRvdeloebis wyalobiT arian grigorianobazed gadayvanili 

da miT gasomxebulni. rogorc Tfilisis somxis sam- 

Rvdeloeba qarTlis qarTvelebSi avrcelebda somxis sjuls, 

imasve kaxeTSi Telavisa da siRnaRis somexTa sasuliero wodeba 

Cadioda da upatronoT STenilT kaxeTis glexkacebs asomxebda. 

kaxeTSi rac ki qarTveli grigorianebi arian, yvela igini 

somxobasTan dakavSirebulni arian XVII da XVIII saukunis 

damdegs. amas eWvi ar unda. tyuilubralod SeiZleba, rom somxis 

azgaserebi gagulisdnen amazed, gagulisebidam araferi gamova 

_ rac marTalia, is unda simarTliT iqmnes aRiarebuli, da rac 

tyuili _ is kidev iseve. vgoneb, am daskvnazed davas ar dagviwyeben. 

mainc aq sadavo araferia, es istoriuli mimoxilva aris. 

somxis ekklesia da misi wesebi aris ise moqargul-mowyobili, 

raisa gamo igi gvarTa Wamiad unda CaiTvalos _ rogorc 

islami sWams gvars da yvelas aTaTrebs, iseve grigorianoba

216 217 

sCadis. ai, Tund dRes, rom me miviRo es sjuli, im dRidgan me 

unda namdvili somexi gavxde eniT da zniT, qarTuli unda 

yovelive daviviwyo, vgmo cxared da mis magier somxuri unda 

SeviTviso, namdvil somxoba unda daviwyo. ase gaxlavsT mTeli 

qarTlis da kaxeTis gasomxebul qarTvelT viTareba. rac aq 

sazogadoT mimoxilva SevadgineT qarTvel somxebzeT, vgoneb, 

CvenTvis sakmarisi unda iqmnes. Cven sakvirvelad gvrCeba is 

garemoeba, rom an ki somxis mxne samRvdeloebas rogor gadaurCaT 

da mTeli saqarTveloc ki ver gaasomxes. xom viciT isic, 

rom Cveni samRvdeloeba, saubedurod, ukanasknel dros ise 

dakninda da daeca, rom somxis mxne samRvdeloeba, aramc Tu 

martod qarTvelT mdabioTa sicocxles Seisyidda, romelTac 

cxovreba hqondaT gamwarebuli, aramed igini Seisyiddnen TviT 

qarTvel mRvdlebs da mRvdel mTavrebsac da, Tu saqme gaWirdeboda, 

maSin TviT kaTolikossac ki. es nuravis ewyineba, CvenSi 

yvelam kargad vicodiT qarTveli samRvdeloebis uZlureba da 

umamulisSviloba. qarTveli samRvdelo oRond gaaZRe, aWame, 

asvi, fuli mieci da igi aramc Tu Tavis mrevls dagiTmobs 

gadasarjuleblad, aramed TviTac gamogyveba ukan. 

dResac qarTveli Tavis uxeirobiT da bedaslobiT martod 

kuWis gzas adgas da, rogorc uZRebs, erTi lukma purisTvis 

daviwyebuli aqvs gvaric, enac, tomic da qveyanac. qarTveli asea 

gafuWebuli da gawuwkebuli, rom igi fulzed gahyidis TviT 

Tavis pirovnebasac, cols, Svilebs, dedas da mamasac. ase viyaviT 

Zveldaganve da, aba, raRa fiqri unda mas, rom somxebs Cveni 

Sesyidva da gasomxebac, vgonebT ar gauWirdebodaT, amas igini 

yovelTvis advilad moaxerxebdnen» [29]. 

Znelia, Seafaso, ramdenad samarTliania zaqaria WiWinaZis 

bolo sityvebi imdroindeli saqarTvelosTvis. SesaZloa, gada- 

Warbebulic iyos, magram unda gvaxsovdes isini. 

6. 6. qarTuli qarTuli enis enis devna devna da da qarTvelTa 

qarTvelTa 

„ganTviseba“ 



qarTvelTa mamulebisa da salocavebis dasakuTrebisa da 

maTSi somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis pirvel etapze 

somxebi qarTvelobis erT-erT mZlavr niSans _ qarTul enas 

_ ara sdevnidnen. piriqiT, qarTuli eniT izidavdnen 

qarTvelebs salocavebSi, sadac msaxurebasa da qadagebas am 

enaze aRasrulebdnen. somxur locvebsac qarTuli asoebiT 

uwerdnen mrevls, raTa somxuris ucodinar qarTvelebs nelnela 

somxuri wesi SeeTvisebinaT. 

magram somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebisa da qarTvel- 

Ta adgil-mamulebis warmatebiT dapatronebis kvaldakval 

somxebma qarTvel grigorianTa TemebSi qarTuli enis umowyalod 

devna daiwyes. amas unda daesrulebina salocavwagvrili 

qarTvelis sruli gasomxeba. 

«qarTlsa da kaxeTSi mcxovreb somxebT Soris rom didi 

nawili unda iyos qarTvel grigorianebisa, es iqidamac kargad 

sCans, rom qarTvelTa da somexT Soris didi erTobis 

qselia gabmuli. igini erTmaneTisagan arafriT ganirCevian _ 

lxini, Wiri da sxva amgvarebi erTad ician, Wama, sma da weswyobilebac 

erTnairi aqvsT, laparaki, mixvra-moxvra da wesebic 

erTia, rasakvirvelia, qarTuli. naTesavoba, misvla-mosvla, qalis 

gaTxoveba, danaTesaveba da naTlobac xSirad ician. amxanagoba 

yvelanairs saqmeebSic ganurCevlad swarmoebs, maTSi rame 

gvarovnuli ganxeTqileba sul ar arsebobs ise, es rogorc 

sxva wris xalxSi gaxlavsT. amaT danaTesavebas da kacTa 

Soris siyvaruls is garemoebac ufro afarTovebda da amtkicebda, 

rom qarTvelT mefeebis dros Svili yovelTvis 

mamis sjulzed inaTleboda, amitom somxeTagan qarTveli 

qalebis SerTva erTob xSiri iyo, es garemoeba kidev maTSi 

mtkice kavSirs hbadavda, somxis sjulis mqone qarTvelTa 

ricxvi saqarTveloSi Tavisuflad mravldeboda. maT Cvens 

dromde kargad moaRwies, Tumca XIX saukunis damdegidam 

maTs aseTs cxovrebas ki saxe Saecvala, dairRva is, rac 

karga xans maTSi arsebobda, TiTqmis naTesavoba ki ara da, 

megobrobac moispo, Tvinier qarTulis enisa. jer-jerobiT 

maTs erTs tomobis niSnad maTSi mxolod-Ra qarTuli ena 

arsebobs. Tumca, isic ki unda iTqvas, rom am bolos dros 

amasac evlineba maTeburi maxvili, qarTuli enis davardnis

218 219 

da amofxvris natvra maTSi xSirad swarmoebs, SeiZleba momavalSi 

esec amovardes maTSi. enis garda sadReisoT qarTvel 

grigorianebs TavianT Zvels qarTuls gvarsa da saxelebsac 

usxvafereben, axal raRaca somxur gvarebs arqmeven 

da miT arwmuneben, rom Tqveni Zveli gvari somxuri aris da 

dReindeli, qarTuli ki axali mogonilio. 

aseTi ostatoba da manqanebani maTgan xSirad momxdara Cven- 

Si da sul amis wyaloba gaxldaT, rom am garemoebas Cven 

adreve mivaqcieT yuradReba. amis Sesaxeb cnobebic vswereT, 

mere am garemoebam kamaTic gamoiwvia, somxur mwerlobaSi saubari 

astexes da uar hyves Cveni mosazreba, daaskvnes da daaRaRades, 

rom qarTvelebTagan somexi arc yofila vinme da arc iqnebao. 

visac ki somexs qarTuli gvari aqvs, is qarTvelebTagan aris 

mogonili da darqmeulio. mere kldias (erT-erTi aseTi werilis 

avtori-a.u.) misces pasuxi „mSakSi“ da erT Cems werils 

„murWSi“. aq TamamaT uarhyves qarTul grigorianT arseboba. 

qarTul grigorianebi Cven saxseneblaTac ar viciTo. dabeWdes 

aseTi cnobac, rom sul sicrue ariso. 

gvarovnobis ganviTarebis trfialebiT amaT iqamdis miaRwies, 

rom ukanasknel qarTuli ena aSkarad hgmes da am enis 

devna TviT eklesiebidan da skolidamac daiwyes. iqneba 

mkiTxvelma es arc ki daijeros, rom, rogor Tu saqarTveloSi, 

qarTvelT Soris, qarTuli ena igmobao _ aq daujerebeli 

araferia, yovlis feri marTalia da WeSmariti. 

siRnaRs _ somxebi ramdenadac somxis STamomavalni scxovroben, 

imazed meti qarTvel gvarisanic arian, e. i. grigorianebi. 

orives Zriel kargad esmisT qarTuli ena, saxalxo 

saxarebel deda enaT qarTuli ena iTvleba. wera-kiTxvac am 

enazed emarjvebaT da Zveldaganve maTSi qarTuli wignebis 

wera da kiTxva iyo gavrcelebuli. yvela saqmis qaRaldebi 

qarTulad iwereboda, eklesiebSi qadagoba da TviT saxarebis 

kiTxvac qarTulad icodnen. saflavis qvebzedac qarTulad 

awerdnen da, amas garda, TviT ekklesiis qvebzedac. 

maTgan qarTuli mwerlobis asparezzed meleqseni da mwerlebic 

gamodiodnen, xSirad swerdnen kidevac. swerdnen da 

sweren TviT qarTul gazeTebSiac. 

magram dRes siRnaRis skolebSi, qarTvel grigorianebs 

Soris, sastikaT aris qarTuli ena aRkrZaluli da patara 

somxis vaJebsa da qalebs pirvel dawyebidganve somxuris 

eniT awyebineben swavlas, rac bavSvebisTvis gaugebaria. skolaSi 

bavSvi sastikaT daisjeba, Tu man qarTuls enazed xma 

amoiRo. aswavlian somxurs da rusuls, rogorc saxelmwifo 

enas, orive ena ki saqarTvelos qarTvel grigorianTa 

bavSvTaTvis ucxoa da miuxvedri, rac maT swavlis saqmesac 

uZnelebs da es realuri pedagogiis winaaRmdegic aris. 

Telavs _ aqvs qalebis da vaJebis skola. aq arian qarTvel 

gvaris grigorianebic, magram aq arc vaJebs da arc qalebs 

qarTul enas ar aswavlian. 

cxinvals _ aqvs skolebi, magram gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli 

ena, bavSvebi Cumad swavloben. somexTa Zveli mRvdelni 

aseTis zomebis ar iyvnen. 

gors _ aqvs skolebi, magram sastikaT gandevnili aqvsT 

qarTuli ena. ar aswavlian. bavSvebi Cumad swavloben. 

duSeTs _ aqvsT skolebi, magram gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli 

ena, ar aswavlian. aqac bavSvebi Cumad swavloben. 

axalgors _ aqvs skola da gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli 

ena. 

axalqalaqs _ aqvsT skola da gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli 

ena. 

surams _ aqvsT skola da gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli ena. 

ase da amgvarad, qarTlis sxvadasxva soflebSiac aqvsT samrevlo 

skolebi daxsnili, magram yvelgan qarTuli anbanis 

swavleba mospobili aqvsT, qarTuli enis xmarebac mkacraT 

aris damxobili. 

kavTisxevs _ aqvsT skola vaJebis da qalebis, skolidan 

gandevnili aqvsT qarTuli ena. ase rom, aq xalxs xmas, krints 

ar aRebineben qarTuls enazed. namdvili despotizmi arsebobs 

am gvars qarTlis somexTa skolebSi maT meTaur maswavlebelTagan. 

mere vin arian es qarTlis somxebi? _ umetesi nawili

220 221 

qarTvelis gvarisani, qarTvelT grigorianebi, romelTa deda 

enas qarTuli ena Seadgens, radganac TviTac qarTvel tomis 

STamomavalni arian, maTi garCeva qarTvelisagan SeuZlebelia. 

maTi saxalxo ena qarTulia, yovelive maTSi am eniT swarmoebs 

da sruldeba, tirili, simRera, lxini da yovelive 

saojaxo, Sinauri Tu gareuli sul qarTuli eniT swarmoebs. 

ZnelaT, rom mTel qarTlSi moiZebnos erTi iseTi somexi, rom 

mas am enis rigianad gageba hqondesT. TviT Tavadis Svilebic 

ki ucodinarni arian amisi, radganac igini am enas mxolod 

saydris enaT sTvlian, maTs deda enas qarTuli ena Seadgens. 

TfilisSi _ aqvsT sasuliero seminaria, sxvadasxva sava- 

Jo da saqalo saswavleblebi, magram yvelgan damxobili 

aqvsT qarTuli ena da wera-kiTxva. TfilisSi Zveladganve 

qarTvel grigorianebi qarTulad swerdnen da kiTxulobdnen 

sxvadasxva baraTebs, wignebs, saflavis qvebzed sul qarTulad 

awerdnen, ekklesiebSic mRvdelni xSirad ityodnen 

qarTuls enazed qadagebas, rom mis saSualebiT mrevls gaego 

qadagebis deda-hazri. xSirad somxis Tavadis Svilebi 

da aznaurebic iyvnen samefo samsaxurSi, mefis mdivnebi da 

mweralni, mTargmnelni da mxatvarni, rogorc ter filipe 

yaiTmazaSvili, Tfilisis gegmis damxati ter Smovani da 

mravalnic sxvani eniT dauTvlelni, yvelas moTvla aq Znelia. 

xolo imas ki vityviT, rom Zveladganve Tfilisis 

qarTvel grigorianebis Tu somxis STamomavalTaTvis saxalxo 

enas qarTuli ena Seadgenda. am eniT suldgmulobden 

igini, am eniT iZendnen qarTvelTagan mamulebs, am eniT stkbebodnen, 

am eniT scocxlobdnen. 

ZvelTaganve Tfilisis namdvil somxis STamomavali moqalaqeni 

Tavisuflad yidulobdnen qarTvelT yma glexebs, 

maT hflobdnen, rogorc undodaT, da Tan TavianT sjulzed 

moaqcevdnen. TviT qarTvelT ymaTa mdgomareobac iseTi iyo, 

rom mravalni devnilni ymani eTvisebodnen somexTa, devnilni 

somxurs gvarsa da saxelebs irqmevdnen, somxurad inaTlebodnen 

da miT gadirCendnen xolme Tavebs. 

Cven aq moviyvaneT da davasaxeleT martod zogierTi didro- 

ni dabani da qalaqebi, sxvebs ar vaxsenebT, magaliTebr, qarTlisa 

da kaxeTis didron iseT soflebs, sadac somexTa ekklesiebic 

aqvsT, iqvea samrevlo skolebic, magram skolebSi bavSvebs sityvasac 

ar aswavlian qarTulad. erTis sityviT, yvela am 

soflebSi mospobilia qarTuli ena. am enis saWiroebas adgilobriv 

mcxovrebnic ki kargad grZnoben da saWiroeben, magram 

maT ndomas gza da kvali ara aqvsT, radganac somexT gamgeoba 

aseTis wesiT aris Sepyrobili. eseni moqmedeben TavianT wesdebis 

Tanaxmad, es maTi wesdeba ki winaaRmdegia eris moTxovnilebis 

_ eri iTxovs qarTuli enis Seswavlas, nametur qarTuli 

wera-kiTxvis gamo. 

Cvens skolebSi qarTuli enis swavleba ar SeiZleba _ qarTuli 

ena xom Tqveni ena ar aris, rom gaswavloT, Tqveni deda-ena 

somxuri ena aris da mitomac Cven somxuri unda gaswavloT. 

visac qarTuli enis swavla unda, imas am enis swavleba Sinac 

eyofa. Cvens skolebSi qarTul enas ver SevitanT, radganac igi 

iqac metia, sadac ki es somexTa ojaxebSi arsebobs, Cven movaleni 

varT, rom Tqven martod Tqveni sjulis deda-ena _ 

somxuri gaswavloTo. 

erT sofelSi, ai, ra miTxres: 

swored ambobT, batono, es Cveni mRvdlebisagan (terterebisagan-a.u.) 

veRar gagviwyvia ra: saqmes ise gviWireben, rom lamis 

qarTulad davinaTlneT, Cveni ekklesia kancelariad gadaxda, iq 

gvagroebs da aTasnair samtro laparakiT mosvenebas ar gva- 

Zlevs. aba, Tqvena brZaneT, axla Cven rom qarTvelebisagan erTob 

Sors viaroT, ra unda gamovides miT, araferi. somxuri iswavleTo, 

es kargi, axla sul rom somxuri ena da wera-kiTxva 

viswavloT da sxva araferi mis meti, vsTqvaT, Cven SinaT da 

gareT sul am eniT vilaparakoT, mere Cven mezobloba ar gvinda, 

an megobari, amxanagi da mokeTe? 

meore aseTma glexma sTqva axalqalaqSi: 

Cven, Seni Wirime, qarTvelebTan moyvroba gvaqvs, naTesaoba, 

naTel-mironi. yvelam qarTuli ena viciT, am eniT vlaparakobT, 

amiT vasrulebT Cven Wirs, lxins, wveulebas, qarTulad vmReriT, 

vstiriT, am eniT vadidebT RmerTs, vgonebT, RmerTma Tavis

222 223 

dideba yvela enazed uwyinrad unda miiRos. vinc mas adidebs, 

is misTvis yvela erTi unda iyos. magram ara, es Cveni mRvdlebi 

ki amas ar ismenen da imas CagvCiCineben, rac maT enatrebaT _ ai, 

batono, Cvenma mRvdlebma gadahkida Cveni glexoba Cvens mebatoneebsac. 

lamis sisxli agvaRebinon erTmaneTSi. Sors iareT 

qarTvelebisagan da maTTan yovelnairi naTesaoba da megobroba 

mospeT da gawyviteTo. mohyvebian, batono, da sjulis saxeliT, 

vin icis, ra samtro saqmeebs ara sTesen. 

mesamem miTxra iqve: axla, e dalocvilebi imas ki aRar kiTxuloben, 

rom Cvenc gvepitnaveba maTi qadageba da mtrobis vrceleba 

Tu ara. amas ar fiqroben, agvtexian, rom somxuri ena 

daiswavleTo, Svilebsac es aswavleT, somexi xalxi mdidari 

xalxia, vaWari da am enis codniT Tqveni Svilebic gamdidrdebiano. 

mere sad, romel xalxSi da kuTxeSi gavmdidrdebiT, amaze 

aras amboben. Cven, batono, qarTvelebSi vcxovrovbT, maTSi davdivarT, 

tyeSi varT Tu barSi, yanaSi, bostanSi da, vin icis, sad 

gvinda ara, rac ki soflis saqmeebi mogexsenebaT, yvelaferSi; 

Cven qarTvelebTan gvaqvs saqme da megobroba, yoveli Cveni avi 

da kargi qarTulis laparakiT swarmoebs, am eniT vsazrdoebT, 

am enaSi dabadebulan Cveni mama-papani, am eniT aRvzrdilvarT 

Cvenc da am eniTve aRizrdebian Cveni Svilebi da Svilis Svilebic, 

uamenoo Cven saqarTveloSi erT dResac ver gavZlebT da ver 

vicocxlebT da ver vicxovrebT. uamisoT, aba, ra viqnebiT da ra 

mniSvneloba gveqneba?! 

Cvens saWiro enas es ena Seadgens, am eniT gvicxovria da 

amiTve unda vicxovroT, amas vervin wagvarTmevs, gind, rom wagvarTvan, 

amis sanacvlo enis swavlebas gadavyvebiT. exla es 

axalgazrda somxebi da ter-terebi agvtexian, rom Tqven Svilebs 

somxuri ena aswavleT da Tqvenc somxurad ilaparakeT da 

qarTul enas Tavi gaanebeTo. Cveni balRi Cveni saydris skola- 

Si sam weliwads dadioda, iq sul somxurs da rusuls aswavliden, 

am xnis ganmavlobaSi man verc somxuri iswavla da verc 

rusuli. exla gamovida skolidama da qarTuli ubralo mokiTxvis 

dawera ki ara, anbanic ar icis. exla Cemi bavSvi mikitans 

mivabare erTi wliT, muqTad, egebi, mxolod qarTuli 

wera-kiTxva aswavlos, ro SinaurebSi mokiTxvis weris wakiTxva 

da dawera mainc SaeZlos. 

ZvelTaganve yvelam kargad viciT, rom saqarTveloSi somxis 

STamomaval somexni Tu amaT Tana merjule qarTvel grigorianebi 

savaWro davTrebs sul qarTulad swerdnen, angariSic 

ase iyo, qarTul Zvels qoronikons maTSi hqonda adgili. 

amaTSi, erTis sityviT, yvelaferi qarTulad swarmoebda. 

bevrs alagas maT sawadels miaRwies da qarTvel grigorianebs 

TavianT ojaxebSi moaspobines qarTuli Zveli savaWro 

davTrebi, davTrebi TviT XVII sauk. naweri, Zveli garigebis 

werilebi, sigel-gujrebi da TviT qarTuli wignebic ki. bevrs 

ojaxSi Seirya qarTuli ena. bevrs alagas undodaT am enis 

amogdeba da amis sasargeblod cdac daiwyes, magram saqmiT ki 

vera gaawyes ra. Tumca unayofobas xedven, magram cdas mainc 

Tavs ar anebeben. davTrebis, sigel-gujrebis da wignebis mospobis 

mizezi is iyo, raTa mis saSualebiT Zirian-fesvianad 

amoegdoT qarTuli enis niSan-wyali qarTvel grigorianTa 

ojaxebSi. 

Zvelad aramc Tu saqarTvelos grigorianebi misdevdnen 

qarTuls enazed wera-kiTxvas, aramed maT samRvdelo pirnic ki 

swerdnen qarTuls enazed, radganac maT qarTuli enac kargad 

icodnen, vinaidan qarTlsa da kaxeTSi iyvnen dabadebul-aRzrdilni, 

STamomavlobiTac qarTvelni. Zveli mRvdelni TavianTis qarTuliT 

ufro izidavdnen qarTvelebis gulsa da ukanasknel asomxebdnen 

kidec. somxis Zvelma samRvdeloebam kargad icoda, rom 

uqarTul-enod igini veras gaawyobdnen, TviT somxis ekklesiasac 

veras SesZendnen da amitom igini TviTonac zed miwevniT 

swavlobdnen am enas da mrevlsac ar uSlidnen amis 

swavlas da daxmarebas. igini amiT orives tomSi siyvaruls 

da gaurCevlobas nergavdnen da dReindeli samRvdeloeba ki 

winaaRmdeg iqceva Zvelis samRvdeloebis. es moZRvarni iseTi 

ostatebi iyvnen, rom igini somxebSi somxur enas TviT qarTul 

asoebis saSualebiTac ki avrcelebdnen, magaliTebr, saqarTveloSi 

somexTaTvis 1825 wlidan locvis wignebi qarTul asoebiT 

ibeWdeboda da ise vrceldeboda maTSi.

224 225 

axalgazrda (somexi-a.u.) samRvdeloeba gatacebulia ganusazRvrelis 

ocnebiT da maT aRar ician, ra qmnan, ra Ronis 

Zieba ixmaron, rom qarTuli ena amoagdon maTSi da mis magier 

somxuri daamkvidron, igi ganaZeon Tfilisis skolebidam. igini 

amisTvis didaT mecadineoben da qarTvelT grigorianTa 

SvilebSi sastikad aqvs qarTuli ena aRkrZaluli. am enazed, 

rogorc vaJebs, iseve qalebs sityvis Tqmac ar SauZliaT, Torem 

sastikaT dasjian. 

garda aseTi ostatobisa, es xsenebuli wodeba Tavis miznis 

misaRwevaT da gansaxorcieleblad sxva Ronis Ziebasa da ostatobasac 

xmaroben: maT imecadines da aramc Tu martod enis da 

mwignobrobis mxriv daarRvies Zveli qarTuli erToba da kavSiri, 

aramed maTis codniT dairRva TviT namsaxuri da megobruli 

Zalac. naTesavoba sjulis gamo qarTvelebs da qarTvel grigorianebs 

Soris mkacraT ispoba, nametur sdevnian somexTagan 

qarTvelT qalis SerTvas, amas sastikaT ukrZalaven. vinc ki 

somxeTagani am mcnebas da aRkrZalvas daarRvevs, vai, misi brali. 

qarTvelTa ganTvisebas qarTvel gvarovnobisagan xels uwyobda 

is garemoebac, rom qarTveli samRvdeloeba uZluri anu 

gaugebari iyo gvarovnul saqmeSi. igi gulgrili iyo da mas 

amis Ziebis droc ar aqvnda. mefenic iseTis Sexedulebis iyvnen, 

rom saqarTveloSi mcxovrebni oRond qristianebi yofiliyvnen, 

Torem danarCenTan maT saqme ar aqvndaT. qarTvelT mebatoneTagan 

Tavisuflad isyidebodnen maTi ymani, romelTac yidulobdnen 

somexT SeZlebulni vaWarni da mere am nayids TavianT 

sjulzed miaqcevden da amis modave maTi aravin iyo. kanoni 

iyo ise, rom myidveli batoni Tavis nayids ymas aramc Tu 

martod Tavis sjulzed gadaiyvanda, aramed SeeZlo gaeTaTrebina 

kidec. am garemoebam didi marcxi daartya saqarTvelos 

da aman mouRo bolo Cvens Zalas. vityviT imasac, rom qarTvelT 

aramc Tu ymobidan asxvaferebdnen, aramed somexTa mxne xucebi 

fuliT yidulobdnen mTels soflis xalxs da Tvis sarwmunoebazed 

gadahyavdaT. amis magaliTnia Semdegi: cxinvalisken 

erTs sofelSi scxovroben glexni gigaurebi, yvela igini XVIII 

saukuneSi gadakavSirebul iqmnen somxis saydarzed. dRes gi- 

gaurebi somxaT iTvlebian, sarwmunoebis wyalobiT gvariTac 

sxva-ferdebian. dRes rom maTTan mivides vinme da hkiTxos 

Tvisi vinaoba, igini maSinaTve etyian, „rom somxebi varTo.“! 

amis sasargebolod Rwva somxis samRvdeloebam adridganve 

morTes, martod erTs dids SromaT Rirs amaT mier gvarebis 

gadakeTeba. magaliTebr, metexel glex mirzaSvilebs gvari mirzaiancad 

gadaukeTes. 

am garemoebas somxis sasuliero wodebam yuradReba miaqcia 

da am 40 wlis wineT qarTvel grigorianebs namdvil qarTuli 

gvarebis somxurad gadakeTeba uwyes da yvelas gvari – teriT 

da ianciT gadaasxvaferes» [29]. 

7. 7. somexTa somexTa mamxilebeli mamxilebeli publikaciebi 

publikaciebi 

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi somxebma, ruseTis adgilobriv 

xelisufalTa daxmarebiT, mosaxleobis aRricxvisas moaxerxes 

sarwmunoebrivad gasomxebul qarTvelTa aRricxva da 

Cawera erovnebiT somxebad. isini amtkicebdnen, rom gasomxebuli 

qarTveli ar arsebobs, rom yvela grigoriani eTnikuri 

somexia. amas xels uwyobda zogierTi gadagvarebuli qarTvelis 

dasturic maTi somxuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. qarTvel 

grigorianTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli es somxuri „eTnoagresia“ 

dRemde grZeldeba. 

«somex mkvlevarTa (mag. p. muradianis) azriT, qarTvel 

grigorianTa raodenoba mxolod da mxolod TiTebze CamosaTvleli 

Tu SeiZleba iyos. qarTvelis gagrigorianeba, „somxurad 

monaTvla“ (da, maSasadame, gasomxeba) mxolod yofiT niadagze 

xdebodao saukuneSi erTxel; magaliTad, Tu romelime obol 

bavSvs somxuri ojaxi iSvilebda. amgvari tendenciuri poziciaa 

warmodgenili, kerZod, 1988 w. 26 agvistos erevanSi gamomaval 

gazeT „grakan TerT“-Si („literaturuli gazeTi“) dabeWdil 

p. muradianis werilSi: „tendenciuri istoriuli Tvalsazrisi~, 

anu, „sanam maxaTs sxvas uCxvletde, nemsi Sen TviTon 

iCxvlite~» [12]. 

swored am usamarTlobas ebrZodnen XIX saukunis bolos

226 227 

qarTveli mamuliSvilni, romelTa werilebi aRsavsea wuxiliT 

xsenebuli movlenis gamo. maT mier mravali konkretuli faqtia 

moxmobili somexTa samxileblad. am mxriv fasdaudebelia 

didi mamuliSvilebis: iliasa da akakis Rvawli, romlebsac 

somxis mwerlebi „somxiWamiebs“ uwodebdnen. 

moviyvanT im periodis damaxasiaTebel zogierT publikacias, 

romlebic fardas xdian gansaxilvel movlenas, warmoaCenen 

somexTa mzakvrobas, aseve, qarTvelTa qarafSutul daudevrobasa 

Tu moRalatur saqmianobas, maT Soris _ mcdarad gagebul 

kosmopolitizmsa da liberalizms. 

„iveria~ „iveria~ 1901 1901 w., w., w., #119 

#119 

qarTveli qarTveli qarTveli grigorianebi 

grigorianebi 

«qristes sarwmunoeba qarTvelebma da somxebma meoTxe saukuneSi 

miiRes, is ekklesia-ki, romelmac gaavrcela Cvensa da maT 

Soris qristianoba, berZnisa iyo da didebulis bizantiis 

keisarTa dabrZanebuli da sapatrono... sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba 

meeqvse saukuneSi uaresad gamwvavda da bolos somxis 

eklesia dogmatiTac daSorda berZnis eklesias... mecxramete 

saukunis damdegs ixila saqarTvelos somexT eklesiam 

nayofi abram kaTalikosis moqmedebisa, im abramisa, romelmac 

SeaCvena yoveli somexi, vinc qarTvel-berZnis sarwmunoebas kidev 

aRiarebda. abram kaTalikosis memkvidreebma mihyves xeli qarTvel 

grigorianTa Sorisa, ganurCevlad, somxobis, rogorc sxva eris 

azris CaTesvas, Tumca somxoba ise rogorc frangoba saqarTvelo- 

Si sarwmunoebriv sityvas warmoadgens da sxva arafers. Tamamad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im somxebSi, romlebic Cvens qveyanaSi 

scxovroben, erTi mesamedi Zlivs Tu iqneba iseTi, somxis niSanwyali 

kide etyobodes, danarCeni ori mesamedi zniT, Cveulebrivi 

eniT da tanisamosiT pir wmindad daemsgavsa namdvil qarTvelebs, 

romlebsac naTesaoba da naTel-mironobiTac ki ukavSirdeba 

agreTve. 

mecxramete saukunis TiTqmis meore naxevramde maT eklesiebSi 

qarTuli locvanebi xmarebaSi iyo da vnebis kviraSi jvarcmis 

saxareba ikiTxeboda qristes gamotirilis sagalobeli 

iTqmoda... qarTuli qadageba xom dResac ferxmagrobs saqarTvelos 

grigorianTa ekklesiebSi, mets vityvi, wirvac-ki aris 

somexTa ekklesiisa qarTulad naTargmni. somxis samRvdeloebam 

Tavisi gansxvavebuli rjuli gankerZoebis saSualebad dasaxa, 

gansakuTrebiT mas aqeT, rac eCmiaZinis sapatriarqo saydarma am 

ociode wlis win brZaneba gamosca _ Cvenis samwysos Semavali 

mRvdeli amieridan mokled ikreWdes Tmasao. im dRidan ufro 

marjved Seudgnen qarTulis enis gamoZevebas TavianT skolebidgan, 

rogorc igi gamoaZeves winad ekklesiidan». 

„iveria~ „iveria~ 1902 1902 w. w. #136 

#136 

«SarSan, „anahit”-somxur JurnalSi, romelic parizSi gamodis, 

kavkasiis qronikis ganyofilebaSi misma tfilelma Tanam- 

Sromelma, b-nma g. meliq-yarageozianma gamoaqveyna werili saxelad 

„hai-vracakan harc“, viTom-da somex-qarTvelTa saqmeo. 

werils sityva-sityvad Targmnils moviyvanT aq da „iveriis“ 

mkiTxvelma Seityos, Tu saqarTvelos somxis inteligencia da, 

kerZod, „anahitis“ redaqcia da misi redaqtori b-ni Cobaniani 

ra TvaliT gviyureben. ai, TviT es werilic: 

„ager, aTi weliwadi iqneba, rac kavkasiaSi arseboba aqvs erT 

saqmesa. romelsac ewodeba „somex-qarTvelTa saqme“. es saqme 

astexes TviTon qarTvelebma, romelnic Civian, somxebi daepatronnen 

sruliad kavkasiis simdidres da im simdidris wyalobiT 

ara Tu marto somxis, aramed qarTvelTa guberniebSiac 

ebatonebian sruliad xalxsa, maSasadame, saqarTvelosacao. 

Sors rom ar wavidnen, uTiTeben tfilissa, romelic namyoSi 

saqarTvelos deda-qalaqi yofila da dResac umTavresi qalaqia 

erTis guberniisa, romlis mkvidrTac umTavresad Seadgenen 

qarTvelebi. magram im tfilis qalaqSi somxebs ara Tu yovlad 

Zlieri elementi SeuqmniaT, aramed ricxviTac qalaqis 

yovlad didi nawili uWiravT. amas garda, nu daviviwyebT, rom 

tfilisi kavkasiis deda-qalaqia, mTavrobisa da samwerlosakulturo 

centri. ai, am ambisa gamo dafiqrebuli qarTvelTa 

mwerlebi, rogorc ilia WavWavaZe da akaki wereTeli, cdiloben, 

daarwmunon Tanamemamuleni, rom „erTobilis“ (havaqakan) ZaliT

228 229 

dauzogvelad ebrZolon somxebsa, rogorme maT batonobas kveTeba 

miscen, radganac im batonobas SeuZlia bolos-da-bolos sruliad 

gadaylapos qarTvelTa erToba da mouspos cxovrebis RonisZieba, 

_ erTobilis ZaliT, radganac individuali brZola uZluria 

iseT xalxTan, rogorc somxebi ariano. 

namdvili ambavia, rom somxebi ekonomiurad yovlad Zlieri 

xalxia kavkasiaSi da am nivTieris simdidris wyalobiT yovlad 

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben adgilobriv sazogado saqmeeb- 

Si... gamgeobiTis TvaliT Tu SevxedavT, sityvac ar iTqmis 

somexTa mier qarTvelebs rame gasaWiri adgesT, sanam qarTvel- 

Ta ricxvi mTavrobis samsaxurSi aTjer umetesia, vidre somxebisa... 

dagvrCenia ekonomiuri brZola... roca vinme aznauri, 

valebSi Cavardnili, moisurvebs bolos da bolos Tavisi adgil-mamulis 

dagiravebas, im dros, iciT, ras Svreba? igi eZebs 

somxebs, radganac igini arian fulis patronebi da SeuZliaT 

ufro meti SeaZlion... 

qarTvelTa guldaklebulobis mesame muxli is aris daaxloebiT, 

rom somxebi, raki, viTom, TavianT saqmeebSi pirwminda 

ar arian da RonisZiebaSiac gaurCevelni arian, siswrafiT ixveWen 

fulsa da amnairad qarTvelebi ganze rCebian. garda amisa, 

Tu qarTveli somexTan erTad aris rame saqmeSi, mas, viTomc, 

Tavisi gulubryvilobisa da pir-wmindaobis wyalobiT, ar Seu- 

Zlia TanamoSurneoba gaswios Tavis amxanagTan, somexTan, romelic 

cot-cotad erTad-erTi patroni xdeba. 

esAmuxli, Cvenis fiqriT, erTad-erTi muxlia, romelic, Sesa- 

Zloa, sacilobeli iqnes. marTalia, SeuZlebeli rodia, erTi 

xalxi ufro gaurCeveli iyves RonisZiebaSi arsebobisaTvis 

sabrZolvelad, vidre meore, magram marto amiT SeuZlebelia 

gavamarTloT qarTvelTa warmatebis nelad msvleloba. saqmec 

is aris, rom qarTvelTa gaumarjveblobis umTavresi mizezi 

unda eZios kacma maTsave zarmacobasa, gulis amyolobasa da 

SedarebiT gonebriv sust niWierebaSi. 

fuliT mocileobaSi igive sulia gabatonebuli, rac politikaSi. 

yoveli Zala iswrafis Tavis gamoCenas. ZalTa mocileoba- 

Si, vinc ufro Zlieria, is win midis, xolo vinc ukan rCeba, Civils 

“ 

“ 

uwyebs Zliersa da yovel bralsa sdebs misi mocileobis uwyalo 

saSualebas... aq „bralianobia“ saWiroa miviRoT ara zneobrivis 

azriT, aramed marto cxovrebisaTvis brZolis kveTebis 

TvaliT. erTi braliania, radganac mxneoba da seriozuloba ara 

aqvs, meore, radganac xamia Sesaferi niWisa, xolo mesame, radganac 

ar gaegeba, Tavisi simarTle rogor daicvas, ar esmis, rom ekonomiur 

brZolaSi aras dros Zlieri ar efardeba sustsa... jer 

sakiTxavia, Tu qarTvelebi rogorni iqnebodnen, rom somxis savaWro 

niWiTa da mxneobiT dajildoebulni im zomamde Sesdgomodnen 

aReb-micemobas, an mrewvelobas. kacs Tavi xSirad sufTa hgonia, 

radganac arafers saqmobs, da amisTanebis ricxvi qarTvelTa Soris 

Zlier didia. erTs ki vityvi, rom rasac advilad Soulobs xeli, 

adviladve flangavs. qarTvelT Tavad-aznauroba mcire garjiT 

sargeblobs Taviss naxevrad aoxrebulis adgil-mamulisagan. Tu 

adgil-mamuls agiravebs, imave dros guluxvad flangavs aRebul 

fuls. magram imas jer kiTxva unda, risTvis flangavs. ra sakvirvelia, 

piradisa da meorexarisxovanis saWiroebisaTvis_tanisamosisa, 

faitonisa, garTobisaTvis da sxva. xolo cxovrebis seriozul 

moTxovnilebas _ pirads, saerTos Tu sazogadoebrivs, nu Tu 

eZleva kmayofileba ise, rogorc somexTa Soris? aRaras vityviT 

qvelmoqmedebisas, sadac qarTvelTa adgili nulia. amas TviT 

qarTvelebic aRiareben“. 

werilSi bevri ramea, rasac qarTvelma publicistebma yuri 

unda aTxovon, imedic ari, xma amoiRon. mxolod msurs, mkiTxveli 

Sevayeno erT azrze: somxis avtori rom brZanebs, aTi 

weliwadia, rac kavkaziaSi arseboba aqvs somex-qarTvelTa saqmes 

da es saqme TviTon qarTvelebma astexeso. es saqme, Tu davekiTxeT 

Cvens istorias da haiastanis meistorieebsac, maSindelia, 

rac somxebma uar-hyves berZnis marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba 

da meore, rac maTi saxelmwifo moispo. mogexsenebaT, 

pirveli ambavi VI saukunis dasasruls, xolo meore ambavi XI 

saukunis damdegis droindelia. am somex-qarTvelTa saqmis 

siZveles cxadad mowmobs agreTve qarTuli mwerloba X saukunemde 

(ix. m. g. janaSvilis wigni imave saTauriT, tfilisi 

1900 w.) da maSindelis saero mwerlobis drtvinva movaxSeTa

230 231 

winaaRmdeg, romelic Zlieris kalmiT aris gamoxatuli „mosesxisa 

da movalis“ TxzulebaSi. is movaxSeni, vinc unda yofiliyvnen, 

sul erTia, Tumca somxebs vgoneb, radganac maSindeli Cveni 

moqalaqobrivi cxovrebisa da kulturis centri iyo zemoqarTli, 

anu mesxeTi, mosazRvre somxeTisa da aReb-micemobaSi 

somxebs arc maSin eZinebodaT, xolo Semdeg saukuneebSi rac 

moxda da rac exla xdeba, yovelis nakiTxis da Segnebulis 

qarTvelisaTvis cxadia. kldia kldia». kldia (avtoris fsevdonimi-a.u.) 

„iveria~ „iveria~ „iveria~ 1902 1902 w. w. 170 170 

170 

tfilisi, tfilisi, 11 11 agvisto 

agvisto 

«grigorianT eklesia saqarTveloSi, rogorc rusobamde, 

ise mas Semdeg, pativiscemiT epyroboda qarTvel grigorianT 

enas da zne-Cveulebas. wirva-locvis gasagebad mihmarTavda 

saxarebis qarTulad kiTxvas, qarTulad galobas da qadagebis 

qarTulad Tqmas. grigorianT locvani, rogorc „dilis naTelo“ 

da sxva, ise wirvis wesi, qarTulad naTargmni, amas yovelsave 

cxadad hmowmobs. qarTuli ena pativ-debaSi iyo, agreTve, 

grigorianT samrevlo skolebSi da somxurs aswavlidnen dedaenis 

saSualebiT. 

am asis wlis winad, roca saqarTvelo Taviss beds ganagebda, 

saqarTvelos grigorianT sasuliero mTavroba damokidebuli 

iyo qarTvelT saero mTavrobis nebasa da survilzed da 

qarTuli ena cxovrebis saxsrad hqonda miCneuli. grigorianT 

samRvdeloeba qarTuls mwignobrobas etaneboda da ara erTi 

wigni mogvepoveba misgan qarTulad SeTxzuli, somxuridan na- 

Targmni da gadawerili. 

aseTi mimarTuleba gamohyvaT grigorian mRvdlebs mecxramete 

saukuneSiac, roca saqarTvelos marTva rusis xelSi gadavida. 

magram rusTa mTavrobas saqarTveloSi gauCnda axali 

sazrunavi, romlis gaZRola SeiZleboda mxolod saxelmwifo 

saerTo interesebTan SeTanxmebiT. qarTveli grigorianoba bedis 

anabara darCa da, hnaxes Tu ara terterebma, rom damSleli 

da damyenebeli aRaravin iyo, zegardmo brZanebiT, niadagi moumzades 

aRorZinebisTvis lukas da ioseb (arRuTaSvilTa) kaTalikos- 

Ta miswrafebas, _ rom saqarTvelos daWirveba haiastanis dalxineba 

yofiliyo. am miswrafebam, rogorc viciT, frTebi Seisxa 

kaTalikosis gevorq meoTxis droidan im zomamde, rom qarTuls 

enas, rogorc qarTvelT grigorianT eklesiaSi, ise samrevlo 

skolebSiac suli amohxades, eqsoriad gandevnes da maswavleblebi 

daiTxoves, radganac qarTulis eniT aswavlidnen skolebSi 

(moigoneT gorelis maswavleblis saakovis saqme). 

aseTma gankargulebam dahgmo, rogorc qarTvel grigorianT mrevlis 

simarTle, ise saxareba-samociqulos zneoba, ra aRiara pavle mociqulis 

sityvebi ukuRmarTad-sulisaTvis didi sargeblobaa gaugebaris 

eniT locvao. devna da ugulebel yofa qarTulis enisa 

warmatebiT midis win dRes da amis moTaved Seqmnilia tfilisis 

qarTl-kaxeT-imereTis qarTvel grigorianTa sasuliero konsistoria, 

romelsac amas winad kidec ukadrebia da miuweria qarTvel 

marTlmadidebelT sasuliero gamgeobisaTvis: dauSaleT dekanoz 

solomon SoSiaSvils qadageba, Torem grigorianebi dadian yuris 

sagdebelado. es magaliTi sakmao sabuTia imisa, rom qarTvel 

grigorianebisTvis somxurad wirva-locvasa da qadagebas niadagi 

ara aqvs da mxolod Zaladmacxovneoba gamodis. 

qarTveli grigoriani danatrebulia dedaenazed wirva-locvis 

mosmenas da mis samarTlian natvras-ki awindeli tertera arad 

agdebs. . . rad ar aTxovebs yurs im zneobriv sulier satanjvelsa, 

romelic adgaT qarTvel grigorianebs TavianT wirva-locvis 

mosmenisagan ucxo, gaugebaris eniT, romelic namdvil somxebsac-ki 

ar esmiT. 

ara, qarTvel grigorianT samrevlo skolebi xalxis interesebs 

unda emsaxurebodes... amitom qarTuli ena savaldebulo 

sagnad unda iyos gadaqceuli qarTvel grigorianT samrevlo 

skolebSi, xolo nersesis seminariaSi, romelic tfilisSia, qarTuls 

garda unda iswavlebodes qarTulad qadagebis Tqmac». 

„iveria~, „iveria~, „iveria~, 1902., 1902., #175 

#175 

narkvevi 

narkvevi 

«Cvenma gazeTma ramodenime werili dabeWda imis Sesaxeb, 

rom saqarTveloSi mcxovreb grigorianTa Soris qarTveli

232 233 

grigorianobac aris. grigorianT samRvdeloebas ramodenime 

eklesia aqvs dasakuTrebuli iseTi, rom Zvelad marTlmadideblis 

yofila... qarTvel grigorianT simarTle moiTxovs-qarTuli 

ena, rogorc maT ekklesiaSi, ise maT samrevlo 

skolebSi pativcemuli iyveso. 

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, es ambavi ar iama somxis 

motertere gazeTs „nordars“. ama agvistos 17 dRis 

mowinave werilSi brZanebs, sxvaTa Soris, rom „iveriis“ 

publicistebma gamoigones es ambavi mxolod imisTvis, 

rom: „qarTvelebis ricxvi gaadidon, qarTuli ena gaavrcelon, 

riTac fiqroben, qarTvelTa elementi gaZlierdebao“. 

Semdeg gazeTi ganmartavs: sxva qveynebSi somxebi kidev 

laparakoben somxurs da saqarTveloSi-ki veRarao, magram 

es imiT aixsneba, rom: „qarTuls Zlier male swavloben 

somxebi, advili enaa imdenad, rom SuadRemde Sei- 

Zleba iswavlos kacma da saRamomde iseve advilad daiviwyoso“. 

movaxsenebT „nordaris“ redaqcias, rom qarTvel grigorianT 

saqme Cven ki ar gamovigoneT, aramed yuradReba 

mivaqcieT mas, rogorc sinamdviles da zneobrivadac valdebulni 

varT, davicvaT misi simarTle, romelic Selaxulia 

da gaTelili. qarTveloba imdenad Ronieria bunebriv, rom 

erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis erTi eqvsad iqca, 

raic iSviaTia statistikis istoriaSi. mas wined, rogorc 

istoria mowmobs, qarTvel mefeTa politikam ar icoda 

pan-iverizmi (sruliad qarTveloba) da principi: cujus 

regio, ejus religio (visic qveyana, misive sarwmunoeba), 

Torem, SesaZlebelia, davac aRar atexiliyo. ase rom, Tu 

vinme SegviTvistomda, is Rvawlia qarTvelis piradis Rirsebisa, 

misi bunebaziarobisa, romelic, samwuxarod moikosmopolitikebs 

xolme Cvenda savnebeladac. rac Seexeba 

imas, qarTuli advilad Sesaswavlia da adviladve dasaviwyebelio, 

ocnebianis imediT uTqvams „nordars“, egeb qarTvel 

grigorianis gasomxebaSi xeli aravin SegviSaloso da 

ise gavasomxoT, rom somxurTan ara Tu qarTulic icodnen, 

aramed ise davaviwyoT, RonisZieba aRar eqmnes karis 

mezobels qarTulad gamoelaparakoso». 

„iveria~, „iveria~, 1902 1902 w., w., #178 

#178 

„somexTa „somexTa da da qarTvelTa qarTvelTa urTierToba~ 

urTierToba~ 

«„iveriis“ „iveriis“ „iveriis“ werils qarTvelTa da somexTa erTobis Sesaxeb 

b-nma liunma ama agvistos 11 dRis „mSakSi”, ai, ra pasuxi gasca: 

„...qarTul „iveria“ gazeTsa „mSakis“ 152 nomerSi dabeWdili 

Cemi saubari sruliad gadmouTargmnia. qarTvelTa es yovlad 

Zveli gazeTi mJave patriotobis, saero baqiaobis, Sovinizmis 

organo iyo Tavadis ilia WavWavaZis dros. roca somxiWamioba 

modad Semovida, Tavadis ilia WavWavaZis organo Tavisis mZvinvarebiT 

daigdo iseTma sneulebam, rom adamians Tavze Tma aeSleboda. 

yovlis zomisa da sazRvris daviwyebiT miaRwia im xarisxsa, 

rom somexTa Jletis dros osmalebs icavda da Sxamianis eniT 

oxunjobda berlinis kongresis 61 muxlis asagdebad. 

upirveles yovlisa, Rrma mwuxarebiT unda SevniSno, rom 

qarTuli gazeTi Cemda momarT did SecdomilebaSi Cavardnila. 

imas mosCvenebia, rom qarTvelTa erTobis mimarT winaswar vazrianobde, 

rom kacis moZuleobiT damJavebuli mwerali viyve. Cems 

movaleobad vTvli, winaaRvudge aseT cdomilebas. 

Tu gaxsovT, Cems saubarSi vaxsene is garemoeba, rom qarTvelsa 

da osmalos TiTqmis erTnairis sityvebiT hsurs, somxis eri 

ar iyoso. rogorc mogexsenebaT, me-ki ar vyofilvar qarTvlis 

da osmalos aseTis mowmobis yuris mgdebeli, aramed erTi 

rusis mwerali, romelsac daubeWdia mTeli tomi... osmalo 

ambobs, Tu undaT somexTagan aRar ivnebodnen, eCmiaZini unda 

daaqcion, kaTalikosoba an gaauqmon, an gadaitanon peterburgsao. 

TiTqmis erTsa da imave sityvebs imeorebs qarTvelic. amas 

ukvirs, roca sjian, somxebs ekklesia aqvTo. ara, ekklesia ki ara, 

samoqalaqo dawesebuleba ariso, ambobs igi. hgavs Tu ara, ar 

vici, ramdenad simarTliT Cauweria rusis avtors qarTvelis 

da osmalos naTqvami. arc is vici, namdvilad arseboba hqondaT 

im mowmeebs, Tu avtors azrad mosvlia is mowmoba.

234 235 

„iveria“ sityvasac ar ambobs mis gasasworeblad, pir-iqiT, 

TviTonac TiTqmis imeorebs imav sityvebs. esreT ambobs, somxebs 

undaT gasomxeba qarTvelebisao. rogorc mogexsenebaT, 

qarTvelTa SesaniSnavma kacT-moZule mecnierma xaxanaSvilma kidec 

gadaswyvita, saqarTvelos qarTulad molaparake somxebi somxebiki 

ara, qarTvelebi arian, mxolod lusavorCakanobis aRmsarebelio. 

„iveria“, am saSinel gadawyvetilebazed dafuZnebuli, ambobs: 

Tu saqarTveloSi somxebi arian, isini mevaxSeebi arian, 

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi rom cxovroben, marto isini arian 

somxebio... 

naxeT, „iveria“ mekiTxeba, ra giyves qarTvelebmao! nu Tu 

qarTvelebs daugdiaT TavianTi samSoblo da wasulan sacxovreblad 

haiastanSi, mevaxSeobas dadgomian, somexTa ekklesiebi 

dautacniaT, dausakuTrebiaT somxis siZvelenio...unda sTqvas, 

Tu somxebmac egre Caidines saqarTveloSio. 

gakvirvebiTa da mwuxarebiT vxedav, rom ganaxlebuli „iveria“ 

jer kidev ganagrZobs cxovrebas ilia WavWavaZeebisa da 

akaki wereTlebis bavSvuris bodviTa. sapasuxod arc mocaleba 

maqvs, arc gunebaze var. vityvi mxolod imas, rom mec mosuli 

var da movsulvar saqarTveloSi im mizeziT, rom aravis dauSlia 

CemTvis. rkinis gzis sadgurze bileTi momces tfilisamde, 

tfilisSi saxli daviqirave da, roca mivdivar puris sayidlad, 

aravina mTxovs „iveriis“ redaqciis mowmobas, rom xeli 

maqvs am qalaqSi vicxovro da puri vWamo. agreTve viswrafvi 

gamovacxado sajarod, _ sruliad winaaRmdegi ar viqnebi, ukeTu 

umal meore dResve „iveria“ Cven yvela somexs gagvyris mSvenieris 

qarTlidgan da gagvgzavnis Cvens namdvil samSobloSi». 

„iveria“, „iveria“, 1902 1902 w., w., w., #179 

#179 

tfilisi, tfilisi, tfilisi, 23 23 agvistos agvistos 

agvistos 

«Cveni gazeTis mdgomareoba im Tavidanve metad gamorkveuli 

iyo: emsaxureboda mxolod WeSmarit mamuliSvilobas, hqadagebda 

Tavis pativiscemas, rom sxvaTaganac pativiscema hqonoda 

da maTac pativs scemda agreTve. es pativiscema, Cvenis Tavis 

iqneboda Tu sxvisi, yovelTvis Seicavda mxolod iseT saero 

Rirsebas, romelic gamaupatiurebels medgrad ebrZoda da arc 

Tavis Tavs akadrebda, rom igi vinmesTvisme avad exsenebina. ase 

eWira Tavi somxebTanac _ Tu daugmia somxis cudi ram zne- 

Cveuleba, daugmia kerZoobiTad, ramdenadac Cvens qveyanaSi gamouCenia 

zogierT maTgans, Torem somxis ers pativiscema da keTilad 

xseneba qarTvelTagan ara hklebia. amas gvimtkicebs TviT „somxi- 

Wamia“ mwerlebis ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis samwerlo 

moRvaweoba da is garemoebac, rom somxoba, ise, rogorc 

frangoba, Cvens ers rjulis gamosaxatavad miuRia, grigorianobisa 

da kaTolikobis magier. ase rom „mJave patriotobas, 

saero baqiobas da Sovinistobas“ ilia WavWavaZis „iverias“ 

veravin daswamebs, Tu ar Cveni mwerlobis xami da sxvisi 

damjere. ar gvaxsovs, rom imave WavWavaZis xelSi an merme 

„iverias“ somexTa JletisTvis gulgrilad ecqiros da berlinis 

kongresis 61 muxli aegdos, isic Sxamianis oxunjobiT. 

Tu saqarTvelos somxobas haikianT ers ver uwodebT, amisi 

sruli simarTle gvaqvs... haikianT saqme CvenTvis gare saqmea 

da srulis TanagrZnobis Rirsi, magram, rogorc vnaxavT, haikianT 

azgaserTa mcireodeni miswrafebis mimarTuli ki, rom 

saSinao saqmed gagvixadon, brZolas ar moviSliT, Tu gind 

Zviradac dagvijdes... Cveni urTierToba gamwvavebuli iyo da 

sagani gamwvavebisa, rac exlaa, maSinac is iyo. 

qarTvelT grigorianTa saqme, romelsac „mSakma“ „nor-dariseburis“ 

TvaliT Sexeda da ar unda daijeros maTi qarTveloba, 

pirvelad aRZra Cvenma TanamSromelma kldiam... terteras anaforas 

Zali da madli mxolod „nor-daris” TvalSi aqvs da rad 

ecilebian mas aseT sasoebas?.. gana sawyenad unda mieRo „mSaks“, 

rom Cven moviTxoveT Zveleburad qarTvel grigorianT ekklesiebsa 

da samrevlo skolebSi qarTuli ena jerovnad pativcemuli 

iyveso. amiT xom gansacdelSi ar Cavardeboda haikianT 

eroba saqarTveloSi, sadac mkvidrobs qarTvelTa eri, sjulieris 

simarTlis mqonebeli, ori-aTasis wlis mosaxle Tavis 

miwa-wyalze... 

gulwrfelad movaxsenebT „mSakis” redaqcias, rom ilia 

WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis samwerlo moRvaweoba da azri

236 237 

somxis mevaxSeebisa da azgaser-Sovinistebis Sesaxeb „bavSur 

bodvad“ ar migvaCnia da, Tu metis ara, naklebis mxneobiT ar 

ganvagrZobT Cven, axali patronebi „iveriisa“, somxis mevaxSeebisa 

da azgaser-Sovinistebis uwyalo devnas. medgrad SevebrZviT 

maT mier saqarTvelos moqalaqobrivadac dapatronebis 

miswrafebas. Cven aravis gavyriT „Svenieris qalaqidan“, miT 

umetes, arc somxebsa, radganac Cven, qarTvelebi, stumarT-moyvare 

varT. magram isic viciT, rom stumars Tu xani gadauvida, 

spilenZad iqceva, xolo Tu Ramis gaTevasac ar dasjerda da 

mZimed mokalaTebuli mohyva: stumroba meyofa, amieridgan maspin- 

Zeli me TviTon unda viyovo, aseT stumars yoveli maspinZeli 

moaxsenebs: rogoric moxval svinao, iseTi waxval Sinao. 

„gulsavsed mosurneni varT, rac SeiZleba male moeswron 

isini, _ viTom-da qarTveli patriotebi, _ im sanatrel dRes, 

roca Cven haistanSi davbrundebiT; magram sad wavideT, haistanica 

da mrTlad mcire aziac saqarTvelo yofila, urartebi 

da xeTelebi qarTvelebi yofilan, rogorc qarTvelma mecnierebma 

gadagviwyviteso“, _ dacinviT gveubneba b. l-iuni. Sesa- 

Zloa asec iyos, magram, RvTis madliT, jer saqme ise ar gagvWirvebia, 

magisTana daZvelebul Tamasuqebs gamovekidoT miwis mflobelobis 

saqmeSi, im miwa-wylisaTvis, romelic exla Cveni samkvidro 

aRar aris. urartebisa da xeTelebis qarTveloba qarTvel 

mecnierT ar gadauwyvetiaT. TviTon Tqvenis piriT brZanebT 

Cvens urartobas, roca Cvens qveyanas vrastans, vrastans, vrastans, urastans urastans, urastans ese 

igi uris uris uris samkvidros, xolo Cvens xalxs vir vir (axali formiT 

vrac vrac) vrac uwodebT, saidganac warmodga berZnul-romauli iveria iveria. iveria 

mogexsenebaT es ur ur iyo Temi qaldisa qaldisa, qaldisa saidanac gamovida abraam, 

anu karduxi (berZenTa kardu-xi kardu-xi, kardu-xi ese igi kardu-eli kardu-eli; kardu-eli xi qarT. 

megr. = Svilsa) da im adgils dResac ewodeba qurTistani qurTistani, 

qurTistani 

ese igi qurTis qurTis samkvidro... xeTelebisve eseve iTqmis. Cven 

TviTon amogvikiTxavs wlevandelis „mSakis“ erT-erT werilSi, 

romelic germaniidan iyo gamogzavnili, rom xeTuri lursmuli 

warwerebi amoikiTxeba qarTulis enis SemweobiTo. aseTi 

azri SeudgeniaT germanel mecnierebs xeTelTa vinaobis Sesaxeb 

da qarTvelTa mecnierebi aq ra SuaSi arian. 

Cvens simarTles rom „qvaTa RaRadi“ ar amtkicebdes, ra 

gveSveleba, xom pirs dagvicoben Tu Tqveni Sovinistebi ara, 

sxvebi mainc: ar viciT, vin yrixarT, saidgan moTreulxarT, nadir 

xalxTan saqme ara gvaqvso. ara, arqeologia Zlier saWiroa 

Cvenis istoriisaTvis, xolo es ukanaskneli kidev Cveni samoqalaqo 

sakiTxebis gamosarkvevad. amitom „CvenTvis dRis siaved 

da varamad“ yvelaferi SeiZleba iqnes, rasac Cvens cxovrebasTan 

ase Tu ise kavSiri aqvs. vicavT yovels kargsa da Zvelsa, 

viTvisebT yovel kargs axalsa da arc aravis winaSe ar mogvaqvs 

Tavi, viciT-ra fasi Tavis qebisa da znedac ara gvWirs „kaci- 

Wamioba“, radganac kaciWamia ufro mimxtomia da Cven-ki, rogorc 

damxdomi, iZulebulni varT, Tavi ar SevaWmevinoT Semoseulsa da 

vibrZodeT mis mosagerieblad». („iveria“, 1902 w., #179) 

„iveria“, „iveria“, 1902 1902 w. w. #181 #181 

#181 

«... unda gamovtydeT, rom im friad sayuradRebo sagnis 

gamokvlevaSi, arian da iyvnen Tu ara qarTvelTa Soris grigorianebi, 

somxurma gazeTebma mecnierul simSvides moklebuli 

msjeloba gamoiCines. Cvenis azriT, es garemoeba naTlad amtkicebs, 

rom TviTon somxebi darwmunebulni arian da TavianT 

istoriul wyaroebidan kargad ician, rom did-Zalma qarTvelobam 

odesme grigorianoba miiRo. 

... xucianci ambobs, ded-mama haiastenelebi myvandneno, xolo 

saqarTveloSi Cven somxebma somxuri ena ar vicodiT da qarTulad 

vlaparakobdiTo. maS, sCans, misi mSoblebi qarTvel mar- 

Tl-madideblebisagan imiT ganirCeodnen mxolod, rom somxuri 

rjuli swamdaT. mere is qarTvelni, romelTac odesme grigorianoba 

miiRes, vin iyvnen – somexni Tu qarTvelni? mama xuciancisa 

daibada saqarTveloSi, laparakobda mxolod qarTulad, 

_ cxovrebiT, yofa-qceviT, CveulebebiT arafriT ganirCeoda 

qarTvelisagan, xolo grigoriani iyo sarwmunoebiT; gana, amiT 

ar mtkicdeba, rom is qarTveli iyo da ara haiastaneli?! 

Cvenis mxriv, davarwmunebT haiastanelebs, rom qarTvel grigoriani 

Zalian wminda Semnaxvelia somxuris nacionalurisa da 

rjulis gansakuTrebul TvisebaTa. es mtkicdeba aTiaTasjer.

238 239 

qarTveli mahmadianebisTana TavianT rjulis Semnaxavi naklebad 

moipoveba mTel mahmadianobaSi. kidev imitoma varT Cven 

qarTvelni gulnatkenni, rom Zala da niWi imaTi, vinc Cvens 

sarwmunoebas ganSorda, gamoadga sxva erTa progress da ara 

Cvenis erisas. swored amitoma gvaqvs sainteresod, rom qarTveli 

grigorianebi darCnen qarTvelebad da Tavisi ena kargad 

daicvan da ar waalekinon Tavi im talRas, romelic, rogorc 

„nor-daris“ redaqcia amJRavnebs, qarTvel marTl-madideblebsac 

ki gviqadis gasomxebas». 

„iveria“, „iveria“, 1902 1902 w., w., w., #185 

#185 

«rogorc „iveriis” mkiTxvelebs moexsenebaT, qarTvel grigorianTa 

Cqara gasomxebis surviliT „nor-darma“ viTom ioxunja 

_ „qarTuli iseTi enaa, rom advilad SeiZleba SuadRemde 

daiswavlos kacma da iseve advilad daiviwyos saRamomdeo“. 

pasuxad am oxunjobisa, romelic somxis niWs saxels utexs, 

Cven movaxseneT, sxvaTa Soris, „nor-darsa“: eg rom marTali 

iyos, sparseTSi myofi qarTveloba dRevandlamde ar SeirCenda 

deda-enaso. „nor-darma“ sixaruliT SeniSna: „sparseTSi myofi 

qarTveloba gasparsebula da qarTulad aRar laparakobso“. 

... gazeTi Cvengan Txoulobs faqtebs qarTvelTa grigorianobisas, 

TiTqo abaSiZeebis, gvelesianebis, duCaiZeebis, lomiZeebis, 

muCaiZeebis, qavTaraZeebis, CxeiZeebis, wereTlebis da sxva 

mraval qarTvelTa grigorianoba ambavi da sabuTi ar iyos, sxva 

rom ara iyos-ra, da TviTon ki ar erideba sicruec pentos, 

roca ujobs. gansvenebuli aTam onikaSvili, romelic sparseTidan 

iyo gadmosaxlebuli da b-n aRniaSvilis wigni „sparseTi da 

iqauri qarTvelebi“ dRisgan ucxadesad amtkicebs, rom sparseTSi 

myofi qarTveloba dResac qarTuls laparakobs. 

exlac, agvistos 29 ricxvis „nor-darSi“, b-ni spandarianci 

kidev mohyolia wuwuns-qarTvel patriotebs hsurT qarTvel 

grigorianebis gamoCxrekiT qarTvelTa ricxvi gaamravlono, da 

daicineba, qarTveli patriotebi somxobasa da eklesiebs ise 

Semogvecilen, „TiTqos somxis sazogadoeba da misi ekklesiebi 

tyis panta iyos, krifon da Wamono“. 

kidev unda movaxsenoT „nor-daris” redaqcias, rom 

saqarTveloSi grigorianebi erTi wili wminda qarTvelobaa, 

meore _ gaqarTvelebuli somxoba da mesame _ wminda sisxlis 

somxoba. somexTa gaqarTveleba da miT qarTvelT gamravleba 

moxda yovelis politikis gareSe da didi xnis ambavic aris. 

maSasadame, Cven ki ara, somxis azgaserebs hsurT, CvenTan Sesisxlxorcebuli 

da SeTvistomebuli grigorianoba aTasnairis 

RvarZlis TesviT mogvaSoron da azgaseroba gaavrcelon maT- 

Si. Cven-ki ara, pir-iqiT, somxis azgaserebi fiqroben, rom 

qarTveloba da misi ekklesiebi panta iyos, rom krifon da 

Wamon. aki krifes da Wames kidec!. is dro, roca tfilisis 

moednebze batonebs ymebi da monebi gamohyavdaT gasayidad da 

es sawylebi iZulebulni iyvnen, axali batonebis xelSi gadasvlis 

Semdeg maT nebasa da rjulzed evloT, samudamod dainTqa 

saukuneTa wyvdiadSi. erTi gvaris metic rom ar iyos grigoriani 

qarTveloba, maSinac ver davTmobT maT sulier tyveobas 

da moviTxovT maTi simarTle aRdgenil iqmnas». 

„iveria“, „iveria“, 1902 1902 w., w., #201 

#201 

akaki akaki _ „gamowveuli „gamowveuli pasuxi” 

pasuxi” 

«`zogjer sinidisic kargi saqoneliao“, ambobs vaWruli 

andaza da sCans, rom es mcneba aRar mohgonebiaT „mSakelebs“, 

roca cilsa swamebdnen qarTvelebs, rom isini, kacis-Wamia iliasa 

da akakis SegonebiT, mtroben da sdevnian somxebso... aba erTi 

migviTiTon da gviTxran: sad da rodis uTqvams romelime 

qarTvels somxebis samtro-sazaralo ram? da Tu maTi ukuRmarTobis 

sawinaaRmdego sityva mtroba hgoniaT, eg sxva aris! 

romelime eris mtroba da devna qarTvelis bunebis sazogadod 

Seuferebelia. piriqiT _ qarTveli istoriulad gulkeTilia, 

buneba-Tanaziari, bevris amtani da ufro metis kidev mimtevebel- 

Semndobi. amas me istoriuli simarTle malaparakebs da ara 

erovnuli fanatizmi. „Seiyvare moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Senio“ 

da „miuteve, raTa mogetevoso“, es aris qva-kuTxedi qristes 

moZRvrebisa da qarTvelebic amaze amyareben Taviss erovnebas; 

maT gareT onavroba da SigniT wurbeloba ar SemCneviaT. qarTve

240 241 

lis xmali mxolod mtris mosagerieblad, fargvarad, amodioda 

qarqaSiT da, dascxreboda xolme mteri Tu ara, qarTvelis 

gulis-wyromasac mizezi aRar hqonda. mtrobas moyvrobiT 

uxdidnen. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mahmadianTagan nawvaleb 

qarTvelobas kargi guli aRar unda SerCenoda maT Sesaxeb, 

magram, miuxedavad yovelifrisa, saqarTveloSi myof mahmadianebs 

mainc kidev lmobierad epyrobodnen... 

adre, im TaviTve, iwyo carva somxebis bedman da, Tu maTgan, 

Cveulebrivad gazviadebul kilikiis mefobas ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, 

mexuTe saukuneSive dahkarges maT erovnuli damoukidebloba 

da im gaWirvebaSi myofs, vin uwvdida Zmurad da megobrulad 

xels, Tu ara saqarTvelo? gana cota Rvawli dasdva 

daviT aRmaSenebelma sasomxeTs? mefe giorgi mesame ar iyo, rom 

ramdenime aTi-aTasi qarTveli meomari umsxverpla somxebis 

keTildReobas da qarTvelebis sisxliT morwyo anis midamo? 

Tamar mefis lmobierad maTi mopyroba da qarTvelebTan gaTanasworeba 

umagaliTo ar iyo, im drois mixedviT, istoriulad? 

da es araCveulebrivi simarTlis moyvareoba da sulgr- 

Zeloba gana dasaviwyaria? romeli erTi gavixsenoT?... 

qarTvelebs sanamdi-ki SeeZloT sagareoTac frTebis gaSla, 

sazRvar-gareTac esarClebodnen somxobas da bolos, roca garemoebam 

maTac frTebi Seakveca da martoRa, mxolod, samSoblos 

sazRvarze idgnen garSemortymul mtrebis mosagerieblad da 

meti rom aRara SeeZloT-ra, mtrisgan aoxrebul da usaxlkarod 

darCenil somxobas samSoblos kars uRebdnen, rom mama- 

Svilurad SeexiznaT. wylulze malamos adebdnen da 

anugeSebdnen...„modiT, Svilebo da, ai, rac moucia RmerTs, ga- 

ZlevT sarCo-sabadeblad da masTanac kidev CvenTan erTad erovnul 

Tanasworobasaco... moisveneT da Cven-ki, madloba RmerTs, imdeni 

Zal-Rone kidev SegvrCenia, sazRvarze davdgeT mtrebis mopirdapired, 

rom movigerioT da, rogorc Cveni sakuTari col-Svili, 

ise Tqvenic maTTan Tanasworad gansacdels gadavarCinoTo. 

Tqven-ki mxolod Sin darCiT, vaWrobas mihyaviT xeli, radgan 

vaWrobac erovnul arsebobis erTi dargTaganiao.~ 

da, marTlac, rodesac saqarTvelos maRali wodeba sazR- 

varze sisxls anTxevda da dabali wodebac im samsxverplo 

sisxls zed oflsac awuravda, SemoxiznulTa gadasarCenad da 

gamosakvebad, isini (somxebi) maSin adliTa da sasworiT xel- 

Si soflebad dafarfaSobdnen uSiSrad da qonebas iZendnen da 

Tanac maspinZlebs ajerebdnen: Tqveni da Cveni vis gauyvia? Cvenc 

Tqvenive varT da Cveni SenaZenic amave qveynis ariso. swamdaT es 

sityva gul-ubryvilo qarTvelebs da Semoxiznulebis gulSi 

nadebs vera hxedavdnen. arc erTi iWvi ar SeutaniaT maT naTqvamze, 

Tumca ena-tkbil Tav-mokatunebul „viTomda moZmeebs“ 

Tavisi sityva arc erTxel ar ganuxorcielebiaT da qarTvelebTan 

erTad qveynis sasamsaxurod uReli ar gauweviaT. pir-iqiT, 

arc erTxel ar dasdgomiaT qarTvelebs Savi dRe, rom aq 

somxis TiTs ar eCxikinos. Sors rom ar wavideT, aqve gadavxedoT 

tabaxmelas da is gvetyvis, Tu ra moulodnelis da 

uRmerTo RalatiT daiRvara qarTvelebis sisxli aq, rodesac 

svimon mefe tyved CauvardaT xelSi TaTrebs. da vin iyo is 

iuda, qarTvelebisagan Zmad nagulebi, sandod arCeuli da amaRlebuli? 

somexi karapeta yorRanaSvili. vin aqezebda da 

agulianebda irakli mefisa da mTlad saqarTvelos samtrod 

ganjis mflobels jevaT-xans, Tu ara somexi arzumana? vin 

moiwvia xoja-xani da aaklebia da aaoxrebia qalaqi. vin miugzavna 

winamZRolad artema araraci sparselebs? vin gauRo maT 

cixis karebi da Semoiyvana tfilisis asaoxreblad, Tu ar 

maSindelma meliqebma. TviT somxis kaTolikosebic-ki, magali- 

Tad, Rukasi da ioseb, mis nacvlad, rom locva-kurTxeviT moexsenebiaT 

is eri, romelmac Zmoba da erToba gauwia da imdenaT 

Seitkbo da pativi sca maT qristianobas, rom mza-mzareulad 

saydrebic-ki dauTmo da mama-papaTa wva-dagviT anageb taZrebSi 

mesakuTreebad Seiyvana, locva-kurTxevis miniWebis nacvlad, 

saidumlo SeCvenebas ugzavnidnen da Tan scdilobdnen saSviliSvilo 

xafangis dagebas. amas, gana, ara hxedavdnen Cveni Zvelebi, 

magram mainc ver imetebdnen guliT somxebs da Tavs atyuebdnen 

ujero mosazrebiT: amas kerZo pirebi sCadiano!... ar ejeraT, 

rom is TiTo-orola saerTo, saero mcnebisa da miswrafebis 

wamonaSobebi iyvnen. sakvirvelia, riTi aixsneba es, erTi mxriv

242 243 

gulwrfeli ndoba da siyvaruli, da meoriT _ mtroba da 

gautanloba? „wyal-waRebulma Tu xeli Caavlo mimSvel-mcuravs, 

CaiTrevs da daaRrCobso“, amboben da somxebic ase eWidebodnen 

qarTvelebs: undodaT, rom axali samSoblo, danakarg samSoblos 

samagiero eSovnaT da aRTqmiT miaCndaT saqarTvelo _ 

qarTvelis sikvdiliT hsurdaT somxis mkvdreTiT aRdgineba. 

es Secdoma iyo maTis mxriv, magram Cvenc mainc kidev amas 

yovelifers daviviwyebdiT, rom dRevandeli somxoba mama-papis 

Zvel anderZs ar imeorebdes kidev am Cvens droSi. 

...rasac dRes „mSakelebi“ amboben „Zmobisa da erTobis“ 

Sesaxeb, es adrec, im TaviTganve gagvigonia somxebis meTaurebisagan, 

magram ...mxolod gagvigonia, Cvenive Tvalebis asaxvevad, da 

saqmiT-ki ara gvinaxavs ra! maSin, rodesac, Cven, qarTvelebi, 

yovelTvis vyofilvarT da varT amis mowadine. mesamoce wleb- 

Sive Cveni saerTaSoriso mcneba Zmoba da siyvaruli iyo. gansvenebulma 

giorgi wereTelma es saZmo samoyvro survili 

saflavSi Tan Caitana, agreTve, sergi mesxmac. TviT ilia Wav- 

WavaZe iZulebuli gaxda „qvaTa RaRadi“ daewera, amave surviliT 

iyo gamsWvaluli da didxans uloliavebda somxis 

axalgazrdobas, rom, egeb, rogorme daviyolio da Sevagono maT 

is, rac Cven orivesTvis sasargeblo da sakeTildReo ariso. 

TviT me, maTi umorCilesi mona, mosurne ar vyofilvar 

yovelTvis „Zmobisa da erTobisa“? gadaaTvalieron „droebis“ 

furclebi, gadaikiTxon Cemi statia: „lukma gavardes, jamSi 

Cavardes“ da maSin mixvdebian Cems ganzraxvas. da, Tu dRes 

imedi gadagviwyda, aRara gvjera-ra maTi, es maTive bralia! gana 

dro ar aris, Cvenc mivxvdeT, rom: „sityva sxvaa, saqme sxvaa, Sua 

uzis didi zRvari?“ 

Cven gvegona, rom dRevandeli somxoba mainc gamoisyidida 

mama-papaTa Secdomas, ar gaimeorebda maTgan gadanaxvev gzas da 

qarTvelebis Sesaxeb saWir-boroto mcnebas samoyvrod gadaakeTebda, 

magram mogvicda lodini- ager, ormoc welze metia, 

samtro niSnebis mets verasa vxedavT maTis mxriv. gansxvaveba 

is aris, rom Zvelebi ufro frTxilad moqmedeben da eseni-ki 

Tavs aRar imalaven. albaT, imitom, rom garemoeba Seicvala: 

Zvelad, rodesac xmali sWrida, Zala qarTvelebis xelSi iyo 

da, rasakvirvelia, rom Cveni guli moegoT motyuebiT, da axlaki: 

rodesac misi adgili qonebam daiWira da fuli sWris, 

focxveriviT gamodian da muqariT gviwveven: madloba RmerTs, 

Tqveni Sesaxvewari da TqvenTan sabodiSo aRara gvaqvs-rao... 

mobrZandiT da vibrZoloTo!..a, burTi da a, moedanio. 

aba, samagieros gadaxdac amas hqvian! adrindeli Cveni Zmuri 

daxmareba da lmobierad Sewynareba, Cveni mama-papebis uWkuobisa 

da politikuri dabrmavebis nayofi hgoniaT da dRevandeli 

maTi mediduroba da usamarTlod mopyroba da samtro 

ieriSi-ki _ sibrZnisa da SorsmWvretelobis niSani. raRa 

gveTqmis?... mWedelma uTxra mopirdapire mters: me is ki ara 

mwyins, rom mokvlas mipirebo, is ufro mawuxebs, rom iaraRaT 

xelSi Cemive gaWedili xanjali giWiravso. somxebs Cvensa, garda 

titvela tanisa da mSieri muclisa, sxva ara moutaniaT ra 

da is iaraRi, romelic dRes xelT uWiravT, saqarTveloSive 

aqvT monagari, magram ara SromiT da keTil-moRvaweobiT. eh, 

asea, Tu ise, axla gvianRa aris amaze laparaki. kidev madloba 

ufals, rom dRes CvenTvisac aRara aris-ra dafaruli. 

saaSkaraoze sdgas dRevandeli somxoba... axlebi warsulsac 

epotinebian, rom...daajeron ucxoelebi, rom qarTvelebi arc 

arian da arc yofilan odesmeo... mxolod Cven-ki vyofilvarT, 

varT da kidec unda viyoTo. istoriuli simarTlec xelSi 

gviWiravso!... am saTvalTmaqco mosazrebiT fexiTa sTelaven 

Cvens istorias, rom wamoayenon maTganve gadaxveuli da gadayalbebuli 

viTomda matianeebi... 

tyuilis Tqmas da saTaRliTo sityvas utifari gulTqmac 

Tanve axlavs. erTis mqneli meoresac Caidens da, amitomac, Cven 

aRar gavimeorebT imas, rasac isini Cven Sesaxeb sityviT avrceleben, 

da marto mxolod im faqtebze mivuTiTebT, Zeglebad 

rom gamouqveynebiaT da risac gadaTqma da gadafuCeCeba aRar 

SeuZliaT: 1) ukeTesi maTi istorikosebi, magaliTad, profesori 

patkanovi, warb-Seuxrelad scdiloben daamtkicon: saistorio 

rodis ra hqoniaT qarTvelebs, rom istoria hqondeTo? 

maTi qarTlis cxovreba terterebisagan sasacilod gamogoni

244 245 

li zRaprebiao da vaxtang mefem da sxvebma-ki namdvilad miiReso. 

2) maTi naqebi moRvaweebi, magaliTad, ezovi, saocaris 

zizRiTa da mZulvarebiT cilsa swamebs qarTvelobas da mis 

mier samtrod gamogonil werilebs ara ezovze naklebad cnobili 

somxebisave publicisti u. janSievi siamovnebiT hbeWdavs, 

im sazizRar cilis wamebas Tavis gamocemul „krebulSi“ 

da amayad umaxaroblebs qveyanas: ai, an rani yofilan da an dRes 

ra Svilebi brZandebian qarTvelebio? 3) eseve publicisti 

janSievi Taviss calke gamocemul wignSi, romelsac saxelad 

„kavkasiis margalits“ uwodebs, rogorc, viTom da, simarTlis 

mqone iuristi, borjoms Suagul somxeTad aRiarebs da Tanve 

dasZens, rom saniZeebi, muCaiZeebi da sxva Zeebica da Svilebic 

sul somxis Camomavlobisa ariano, Torem iancebs win raRa 

daudgebao? yoveli gvari moxeleoba somxebis xelSiao, ase 

gasinjeT, rom xabazebaTa da meetleebaTac somxebi arian, Torem 

zarmaci qarTveli da misi Wkua an erTsa da an meores rogor 

moaxerxebso? sul am gvari tendenciiT aris gatenili da 

axatul-Caxatuli es calke wigni. 4) upirvelesi somxebis 

mgosani „qamar-qaTiba“ (rafael patkanovi) erTs Taviss leqs- 

Si damReris: wyeuli iyos is somexi, romelmac qarTveli ZiZa 

saxlSi Semoiyvanoso da SeCveneba im somexs, romelic qarTvelis 

ZuZuTi izrdebodeso. 5) dRevandeli somxebis axalgazrdoba 

ucxoeTis sxva-da-sxva qalaqebSi referatebs kiTxuloben, 

rom somxebi aRamaRlon da qarTvelebi-ki daamdablon qveynis 

TvalSi. „qarTvelebs anbanic-ki Cvenma mesrofma uwyalobao, da 

rjulic ninom misca, romelic somxis qali iyoo~ da sxvani... 

7) somxis seminariidan gamosuli diakvnebi samrekloebisa da 

Zvel cixe-darbaz-taZrebis saTavemdinac-ki micocaven namalevad, 

rom iq zed warwerili qarTuli gadafxikon da nacvlad 

somxuri „CaupodloRon“, viTom da aqac sasomxeTi yofilao 

da qveyana moatyuon. aki, kidevac Seacdines grafinia uvarovisa, 

romelmac daswera, rom, rogorc zed-warweridan Cans, metexis 

sioni somxebis agebuli yofilao. ras moifiqrebda mecnieri, 

rom aqac siyalbe iqneboda? 

romeli erTi CamovTvalo? am cxovel faqtebze rom mivu- 

TiTebT xolme Cven somxebis meTaurebs da maTac rom uaris 

yofa aRar uxerxdebaT, viTom-da gul-mtkivneulad ubodiSeben 

xolme TanamoZmeebs: marTalia, Semcdarni arian, magram magaT Secdomas 

xalxis grZnoba-moqmedebasTan saerTo ara aqvs-rao. egeni 

sul sxva arian da namdvili xalxi-ki sul sxvao. sakvirvelia 

WeSmaritad! mecnierebi, istorikosebi, publicistebi, profesorebi, 

poetebi, mRvdlebi, diakvnebi, naswavli da uswavleli, didi da 

patara _ yvela erTad saocaris SeTanxmebiT modian ieriSs 

Cvenze da es, Turme, umanko Secdoma yofila, romelsac xalxTan 

saerTo ara aqvs-ra... ki magram, sadRaa is somxoba, romelsac Cven 

vera vxedavT da romelic Cvenze cuds ar ganizraxavs? is xalxi 

xom ar aris, romlis mecadineobam iZulebuli hyo, rom baTomis 

olqidan qarTveli mahmadianebi ayriliyvnen, saTaTreTSi gadaxvewiliyvnen 

da maTi miwa-wyali-ki somxebisaTvis daetovebinaT? 

an isini, dRes rom saqmes uWirveben axalcixis mkvidrTY da an 

kidev... magram kmara, amazed meti raRa vsTqvaT-ra! raca vsTqviT, 

esac imitom, rom vagrZnobinoT Cven mokamaTeebs da davanaxoT, 

rom Cvenca vxedavT da, Tu Cumada varT, sul sxva mosazrebiT. 

Cven sasikvdiloTa da gasanadgureblad motanil ieriSs batoni 

meTaurebi ubralo, umniSvnelo SecdomaTa Tvlian? keTili 

da patiosani. maS, ratom somxebis Jurnal-gazeTebi ar aRniSvnen 

xolme am Secdomebs, Tu isinic maTTan erTad ar arian da 

pir-iqiT kversac scemen sadasturos. aba, amasa hqvian: „fici 

mwams da bolo makvirvebso“. inteligenciis ganzraxvasa da 

moqmedebas rom ubralo SecdomiTa xsnian, axla vnaxoT dabali 

xalxis onavrobas raRas eZaxian? eso, amboben, msoflio kanoniao! 

Tqven, qarTvelebs, ar gesmiT, Torem amaze xmasac ar amoi- 

RebTo. es Cveulebrivi ekonomiuri movlenaa da ubralo brZola 

arsebobisaTviso! sakvirvelia, rom am vaJbatonebs marqsisturi 

Teoriebica da darvinisturi moZRvrebac cal-gverdad 

esmiT. TiTqo am mecnierebs maTi Txzuleba sakuTrad somxebisTvis 

daeweroT: rac imaT gamoadgeba, is Teoriac aris da 

WeSmaritebac qveynisaTvis, da, rac ar eWaSnikebaT, is-ki ubralo, 

umniSvnelo titini! 

ara, ra ekonomiuri brZolaa is brZola, romelsac mxolod

246 247 

safantazio politikuri sarCuli uZevs da sxva araferi? 

„iveria~, „iveria~, 1902 1902 w. w. # # 201 

201 

ekonomiur brZolasac Tavisi sakuTari pativsadebi kanonebi 

aqvs da mas saerTo ara aqvs ra usamarTlo carcva-glejasTan, 

narkvevi 

narkvevi 

«„nor-dari~ dagvpirda, me gavarCev vin aris qarTveli, an vin 

romelsac, sazogadod, arsad da arasodes kanoni ar iwynarebs... 

aris somexio da modga weras. magram imis sabuTad, rom qarTve- 

erTi meores rom ujeroT da usamarTlod rames waarTmevs da 

li grigorianebi viTom somxebi iyvnen, ai, ra moiyvana am enken- 

waaglejs, ese igi, imas waiRebs, rac ar ergeba, esec, filosofiisTvis 

135 nomerSi: `Cxarel da onel qarTulad molaparake 

uris SexedulebiT, kanonieri movlinebaa, magram, aba, erTi sin- 

somxebs rom uTxra: qarTvelebi xarTo, isini getyvian: somxebi 

jos romelime qarTvelma, mosamsaxurem, an mzareulma an sxvam, 

varT, somxuri ar viciT, ar vlaparakobTo. am publicistebma 

da cota rame gamorCes mis xazein-somexsa, Tu im batonma 

unda dainaxon, rom qarTuli da qarTulad laparaki jer 

qveyana ar SeZras da sasamarTlos karebzedac talaxi ar 

kidev ar moaswavebs, qarTl-kaxeTsa, an imereTSi mcxovrebi 

aayenos?! maSin ekonomiuri principebica da filosofiuri 

somexi qarTveli iyoso~. 

Sexedulebebic daviwyebulia!.. 

Mmagram aseT sabuTs b-ni spandarianci marto Cvenda mimarT 

Cven Tqven Tval win malayebs gadavalT da Tqven-ki Tvali 

xmarobs, Torem TviTonac kargad esmis usafuZvloba misi, roca 

daxuWeTo!.. amaze meti Seupovari, usamarTlo Tav-gasuloba, 

ganagrZobs imave nomerSi: àleqsandrepolel somxis ymawvils 

gana, SeiZleba? qors rom wiwila miaqvs, „hau! haus!” SesZaxeben; 

rom hkiTxoT, xarT Tu ara somexio, somxurad gipasuxebT: àra, 

nadiri rom Sinaur oTx-fexs moitacebs, imas Seuqaqaneben xolme! 

kanoni moiTxovs. da, roca Seni warsuli, awmyo da momavali 

ara, somexi ara var, me frangi varo~». 

undaT waritacon, maSin-ki daCumdiT, xmas nu amoiRebT, Torem 

Cveneburad SegamkobTo: ese igi, ugunurs, gamoyruebuls, damyayebuls, 

somxis-Wamia akakiebs dagiZaxebTo!.. rusuli andazaa: „visac 

mgelis eSinia, is tyeSi veRar ivliso!“ Cven rom amisTanebisa 

gvSineboda, dRes xsenebac aRar iqneboda Cveni. yvelas Tavisi 

sindisi atarebs. im Tqveni mowonebuli somxis momReralqarTvelebi, 

rogorc nebavdesT, ise moiqcnen da Cven-ki, dRes 

Tqvengan somxis-Wamiebad monaTlulebi, Cvensas ver moviSliT, 

Cvens rwmenas ver vuRalatebT da yovelTvis imas vurCevT 

Cvens TanamoZmeebs, rac dRemdisac gvirCevia: Zmobas, siyvarulsa 

da erTobas ara Tu mezobel erebTan, SoreulebTanac-ki. RmerTma 

ise nu dasces zneobiTad qarTveli, rom iman sxvisi 

ubedurebiT moiwadinos Tavisi sakuTari bedniereba da onavar-wurbelaoba 

daiwyos. nu daaviwyos mama-papuri andaza: „rac 

ar mergebao, ar Semergebao!“ magram, nurc ise daamdablos da 

dasces, rom avisa da kargis garCeva aRar SeeZlos, mtersa da 

moyvares ver scnobdes da mtris mosagerieblad fari veRar 

daiWiros xelSi!». 

„iveria~, „iveria~, 1904 1904 w. 

w. 

lasi lasi _ „qarTvelTa „qarTvelTa gasomxeba~ 

gasomxeba~ 

«Cveulebisamebr, 1904 wlisaTvis daibeWda, mTavar-marTeblis 

gankargulebiT, kavkasiis kalendari. am wignidgana sCans, 

rom somex-grigorianTa sasuliero uwyebas hqonia 1904 wlis 

ianvrisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi erTi sasuliero akademia da oTxi 

sasuliero seminaria. am saswavlebelTa garda TiTqmis Ti- 

Toeul mrevlsac Tavisi samrevlo skola moepoveba. akademiasa 

da oTx samrevlo skolaSi iricxeboda 1904 w. pirvel ianvars 

1858 moswavle, romelnic ase ganiyofebian: eCmiaZinis akademiaSi 

_ 40, eCmiaZinis seminariaSi _ 195, erevnisaSi _ 415, 

yarabaRisaSi _ 575, tfilisisaSi _ 633. 

amier-kavkasiis somex-grigorianTa ricxvi aRniSnulia amave 

kalendriT sul 1,100,138 suli. 

amave dros, marTl-madidebel sasuliero uwyebas, romelsac 

eqvemdebareba amier-kavkasiaSi 1,683,658 suli, hqonia sul ori 

sasuliero seminaria: tfilisisa da quTaisisa, ukanaskneli 

daarsebulia ramodenime wlis winad. marTalia, kalendarSi

248 249 

moyvanili ar aris, ramdeni mowafea am or seminariaSi, magram 

danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samjer naklebi iqneba, 

vidre somex-grigorianTa akademia-seminariaSi. 

tfilisisa da quTaisis guberniaSi iTvleba 242,180 somexgrigoriani. 

amaTSi or mesamedze meti CamomavlobiT wminda 

qarTvelebi arian. cota ar moipoveba maTSi wminda qarTuli 

gvarebi, magaliTad: abaSiZe, gvelesiani, duCaiZe, qavTaraZe, lomiZe, 

CxeiZe, muCaiZe, wereTeli da sxva. 

cxadia, rom iseTi mcire mrevlisaTvis, rogoricaa 242,180, 

didad moWarbebulad unda CaiTvalos xuTi saswavlebeli, sadac 

izrdeba 1858 mowafe. aqedan is azri unda davaskvnaT, rom, 

raki somex-grigorianTa sasuliero uwyebas ar eWirveba ase 

ricxv-mravalni saeklesio moRvaweni, igi misdevs saerTod xalxis 

ganaTlebas da amasTanave didis warmatebiT qarTvelebis gasomxebas, 

raica mtkicdeba imiTi, rom qarTuli ena gandevna rogorc 

eklesiidgan (winad saxareba qarTulad ikiTxeboda, qadagebac 

warmoiTqmeboda xolme qarTuladve), egredve skolidgan. 

sja-baasi qarTvel grigorianTa Sesaxeb pirvelad Camoagdo 

gazeT „iveriaSi“ b-nma kldiam, Semdeg amave saganze laparaki 

gamarTa lazarevis institutis profesorma b. xaxanaSvilma 

gazeT „kavkazSi“. mTavrobam oficialurad rom Seiwynaros qarTvel 

grigorianni, didad xelsayreli saqme iqneba, radgan, jer erTi, 

isini gadarCebian gasomxebas, romelsac ase erTgulad misdevs 

somxis sasuliero uwyeba, da meorec isa, rom marTlmadidebel 

samRvdeloebas saSualeba miecemoda, daebrunebina igini marTlmadidebel 

sarwmunoebisaTvis. Tu ki erevnis guberniis ramodenime 

soflis RviZli somexni SeuerTdnen marTlmadidebel eklesias, 

unda vifiqroT, rom qarTvel grigorianni, moklebulni 

sarwmunoebriv fanatikosobas, ufro didis xalisiT daubrundebian 

marTl-madideblobas, radganac somexTa eklesiis moZRvrebaswavleba, 

romlis damfuZnebeli wm. grigol ganmanaTlebeli mar- 

Tl-madidebeli iyo da TviT somexTa eklesiis Tavi, patriarqi 

atarebs tituls „ugapar“, raica iTargmneba «marTl madidebeli», 

ufro uaxlovdeba marTl-madideblobas, vidre swavla-moZRvreba 

danarCen ara marTl-madidebel aRmosavleTis eklesiaTa. 

qarTvel grigorianTa SemoerTeba marTl-madidebel eklesiasTan 

iseT saadvilo da sarwmuno saqmed gveCveneba, rom 

saWirod arc-ki migvaCnia misionerTa moRvaweoba-qadageba». 

„iveria~, „iveria~, 1904 1904 1904 w,. w,. #216 

#216 

akaki 

akaki 

«samas weliwadze metia, rac saqarTveloSi brZandebiT da 

uars raT ambobT qarTvelobaze-meTqi?... dafiqrda da miTxra: 

eg sul sxva ariso. ....diaR, es raRac „sxvaoba~ ucnaur upiratesobas 

aZlevs somxebs!... visac isini waexaxunebian, cdiloben, 

maSinaTve somxoba daakisron, da TviTon ki, sadac unda 

iyon, sadac TiTo-orolad Sekinkildebian……maTis arSin-arax- 

CiniT da fexs moikideben, araTu icvlebian, piriqiT, cdiloben, 

rom yvelas „wiwernaki~ amReron. 

gadaWarbebuli patriotuli ndoma-survili xSirad nametans 

moafiqrebinebs kacs, Torem, gana, somxebma ki ar ician, styuian? 

sityviTac da damwerlobiTac Cvens warsuls uars hyofen……da 

undaT sxvebi daajeron, rom saqarTvelo quTaisis aqeT arasodes 

yofila! _ aq mxolod……sasomxeTi iyoo, da, maSasadame, 

Cvenc, somxebma, dRes Cvensave nasakuTrebzed movikalaTeTo!... 

...simarTlis moyvare publicisti janSievi Taviss „borjomis 

aRweraSi~ ki amtkicebs, rom „Zeebi~ da „Svilebi~ Zvelis- 

ZvelTaganve CamomavlobiT somxebi ariano! 

...axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazris mcxovreblebs da, maTTan 

erTad, TiTqmis mTel samesxeTosac, vinc ki ar gamahmadianebula, 

somxoba daakisres... somxebis propaganda iseTi moxerxebulia, 

rom arTvinelebi, namdvili qarTvelebi, dRes somxursac axerxeben 

da es sul am naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi moxda... 

somxobam dRes gaidga CvenSi fesvi da gaimarTa welSi, 

…Tvara, adre, araTu qarTveli grigoriani, marTlad da droebiT 

sasomxeTidan mosulebic ver bedavdnen, rom gaemxilaT 

Tvisi somxoba!.. 

es yovelive kargad esmiT im qarTvelebs, romelnic, zogi 

kudabzikobiT, da zogic sapirado angariSiT somxobas kuds 

uqicineben! »

250 251 

„Sroma~, „Sroma~, „Sroma~, 1883 1883 w, w, #9 

#9 

„droeba~, „droeba~, 1882 1882 w. w. #185) 

#185) 

p. p. m. m. 

m. 

vinme vinme mesxi mesxi _ _ „xma „xma xizabavridan” 

xizabavridan” 

«... maTi (somxebis –a. u.) vaWrebi mainc ar iSlian, TavianTi 

«„jinWvelas rom frTa gamoesxmis, RmerTi maSin gawyre- 

cbierebisa da yalbis megobrulis ganwyobilebiT raime sarfa ar 

bao!“ Cveneburi kro somex_kaTolikebic swored im WinWvelis 

naxon qarTvelTan saqmis daWeriT. saqme bevrnairia: an miasesxebs 

gvarni arian. mis dros arzrums areulan, atexilan, gasjibre- 

fulebs uRmerTo sargebliT, an daigiravebs adgil-mamuls da mis 

bian osmalebsa da mis gamo, b. paskeviCis saSualebiTa, gardmo- 

avejeulobas da sxva amgvari saeqsploatacio saqmeebi, magram 

saxlebulan Cvens qveyanas. Cvenis miwa-wylis wyalobiT, Cvenis 

maTi CarCebisa da vaWrebisagan dRes yvelaze gaWirvebulia Cveni 

glexebis naWirevis pur-ulufiT wel-zurgi gaimagres da wam- 

glexi, Tumc arc Tavadaznaurobas dayria keTili maTgan fulis 

oigrZeles enebi; sasomxeTSi somxoba ar gauvidaT da aq, 

sesxebiT. dRes iqamdis aris dasuli es eqsploatacia, rom- 

saqarTveloSi, ara marto wmida somxobas Cemuloben, aramed 

lisTvisac ase mWidrod ukidniaT xeli mikirtum gaspariCebs, 

sxvebis dasomxebasac lamian.... 

rom maTi usindiso saqcielis gamo glexebma igrZnes maTi faru- 

erTi ambobs: „Cveni bWobis arsebiTi mizezi ena aris. gvarovnolis 

SemWirveblobis mavnebeli Tviseba da TalsaCinod ucxadeben 

bis erTi Zlieri kavSiri gvqonda-sarwmunoeba. saubedurod, 

ukmayofilebas, Tu depoebis gaxsniT da Tu mama-papuris muStiT. 

Cven sarwmunoebaSi rom wvaleba (monofizitoba – a.u) Semogve- 

am movlenis cxadad gamometyvelia dRes Cveni literatura. somxpara, 

mainc ena davicaviT, Tu enis dacvas ar mivaqcioT yuradReebi 

dRes Uparazitebi gagvixdnen im mfarvelobis samagierod, 

ba, sadRa dagvSTeba gvarovnebao?“... meore ambobs: „Tu dRes Cven 

romelic aRmouCina maT Cvenma xalxma, misca ra Ratak-SiSvlebs 

mivsceT neba qarTuli enis xmarebisa Cvens eklesiaSi, xval 

Tavis mamulSi Tav-Sesafari da sacxovrebeli. 

laTinebic mogvTxoven im gvar simarTlesa...“. 

somxis inteligencia movalea, datuqsos maTi vaWrebis da 

rva-asSi da cxra-asSi (VIII, IX ss. -a.u.). im mxares imdeni 

CarCebis sisxlismwovroba. veWvob, rom maTi inteligencia am 

qarTvelebis simravle yofila, rom erTi episkoposi TviT q. 

movaleobas asrulebdes, piriqiT, gavrcelebulia xma, rogorc 

anSi mjdara, meore yarsSi da mesame valaSkertSi. es samive 

naswavl, ise umecar somxebis sazogadoebaSi, Tfilisi Cveni 

episkoposebi awyveris mTavarepiskoposis (mawyverelis) xe- 

qalaqiao, da momavali bedis gaskvnasac saqarTveloSi apireben». 

ldebulni yofilan. TviT yarssac kari (palate) ewodeba 

qarTulad. sazRvris Sesaval da igive yarsis soRanlus mTebi 

„droeba~, „droeba~, „droeba~, 1880w, 1880w, #250) 

#250) 

samesxeTis mTebad Tqmul arian; magram es Cems mowinaaRmdege 

l. l. _ _ „episk. „episk. zaxarianis zaxarianis zaxarianis wirva~ 

wirva~ 

«Cven viciT, rom m. zaxarian episkoposi (arTvineli-a. u) 

somxebs azradac ar gaugoniaT! TviTon me minaxia yiriRis 

ekklesiazed xucuri asoebi, romelic 30-40 verss Soravs q. 

aris STamomavlobiT qarTveli kaTolike, magram istoriul 

aleqsandropolidgan: Tqma aris - pirvelni mcxovrebni iqau- 

garemoebas da somxis kaTolikobis wesis wyalobas amisaTvis 

robisa qarTvelebi yofilan! 

dauviwyebia srulebiT rogorc qarTveloba, ise qarTuli ena; 

axalcixis Zvelad mcxovrebTa qarTvelobas amtkicebT agreTve: 

radganac araerTi viciT magaliTi, rom sarwmunoebis wodeba 

a) fizionomia da wmida qarTuli enis codna yofa-qcevigvarovnobis 

wodebaT aris gadaqceuli (qarTvel laTinis rigis 

TurT, romelic saqarTvelos somxobas mis dReSic ar hqonia 

kaTolikes rom hkiTxon, getyvis, rom me „frangi~ varo, da 

da verc eqneba. 

qarTvelobas marTl_madideblis sarwmunoebas eZaxis da ami- 

b) Cveni naTesaoba da ganyofa srul mesxi qarTvelebi arian; 

Ti is uaryofs qarTvelobas)». 

g) saeklesio Zvels javTagebSi naTlisRebisa Tu Sesawirav-

252 253 

Ta srul qarTuli gvarebi da saxelebi arian, rogorc: otiaTi, 

RTisiaTi, maxaroblianTi, glaxaTi, oqropiraTi, batonaTi, beJua- 

Ti, mamacaTi, nadiraTi, yandinanTi, eTeraTi da sxva.. iseTi 

Zvelis-Zveli istoriuli zRapar-andazebia CvenSi, sufruli, 

mobanebi da simRerebi... agreTve, Cveni bebera dedebisaganni 

umravlesni qarTvelebTan marxvebs iWerdnen da iWeren dResac 

mravalni... 

Cems mopasuxes ki vurCev, Tavisi darigeba magra Seinaxos 

TavianTTvis, jer gamicnos da mere zrdilobianad ilaparakos: 

me somxis mRvdeli ara var!...». 

„droeba~, „droeba~, 1877 1877 w. w. w. # # 110 

110 

«somxebi da „somxis saqme~, mkiTxvelo, am Jamad „modnaT~ 

Semovida qalaqSi. yvela somexze da somxebis raRac facafucze 

laparakobs. 

dRes Camivarda xelSi sruliad ruseTis sataxto qalaqis 

erTi gazeTi, „birJis uwyebebi~, romlidamac somxebze zogier- 

Ti ara-sanugeSo cnobebi unda amovkrifo. es cnobebi exla 

Canan ase ara-sanugeSoT, rodesac Cven somxebs u. kutulis 

sityvebiT vicnobT, Torem wineT rom yofiliyo, bevraT ar 

SevwuxdebodiT. 

zemoxsenebuli gazeTis 16 ivlisis me-170 nomerSi dabeWdilia 

statia, romlis saTauric qarTulad, daaxloebiT, ase 

unda gadmoices: „xalxTa grova~ („ („ÌÓÐÎÂÅÉÍÈÊÜ („ 

ÍÀÐÎÄÎÂÜ”). ”). 

es meore statiaa da is marto somxebisTvis uZRvnia ucnobs 

avtors... amoviRoT statiidan is adgili, romelic, sazogadod, 

somxebis xasiaTs da exlandels maTs mdgomareobas Seexeba: 

„ganmartoebuli sarwmunoebiT, gancalkevebuli politikurad, 

cxovrebis mxriv, da moSorebulni mTels danarCen kacobriobas, 

Tavis yovel dRiurs interesebSi _ somxebi Zriel magrad da 

mWidrod ekidebian ruseTs, rogorc Zriels piradiTi da qonebiTi 

xelSeuxeblobiT. am gvarad eCmiaZini da amis simdidre _ ruseTSia, 

agreTve, monastrebic, romlidamac monazonebis oTxia, maSin 

rodesac erTi sparseTSia da osmaleTSi xom sul mospobilia~. 

Tu ase dids imeds amyareben ruseTze somxebi, es mxolod 

imitom, rom undaT, TavianTi arseboba uSiSrad gaataron; somxebis 

Tanxebis asparezi ki osmaleTia. 

ruseTSi somxebi im xalxebs ekuTvnian, romelnic „droTa 

viTarebiTa~ jer-jerobiT kidev sargebloben sxvadasxva war- 

CinebebiT: mag. sayovelTao samxedro samsaxurs isini (garda 

CrdiloeT kavkaziis somxebisa) ar eqvemdebarebian, yovelgvar 

saxelmwifo gadasaxads, SedarebiT sxvebTan, Zriel cotas 

ixdian da samoqalaqo cxovrebis dawyobilobaze maTi 

gavlena bevris mxriT ufro mavnebelia, vidre margebeli: 

yalbi maneTebi (asignaciebi) Tu vismes Semohqonda da Semoaqvs 

ruseTSi, es mxolod somxebs inglisis sabeWdavebidam 

(es nametaTa!) 

universitetis da, sazogadod, ganaTlebis misaRebi saSualebebis 

uqonlobam osmaleTis imperiaSi srulebiT ver 

gamoiwvia somxebi da maTi SeZleba am ganaTlebis saxsaris 

dasaarseblaT. mTels xalxze, erTad, SeiZleba kacma sTqvas 

_ wera-kiTxvis mcodne ar ariso, da sasuliero wodeba xom 

sruliad uswavleli da gauxsneli hyavsT. 

sazogadod rom vsTqvaT, mTels evropaSi ar aris iseTi 

fanatikuri da daxSuli xalxi, rogorc dRevandeli somxebi 

arian.... maT Sinauruls, yovel dRiurs cxovrebaSi kaci 

ver SeniSnavs rame iseTs niSans, rom sTqvas _ am xalxs 

kargi momavlisa da zneobiTi ganaxlebis imedi unda 

hqondeso». 

„droeba~, „droeba~, 1880 1880 w. w. #2 

#2 

uriaTubnelT uriaTubnelT mezobeli 

mezobeli 

„uriaTubnis „uriaTubnis skolis skolis gaxsna gaxsna da da oriode oriode mosazreba 

mosazreba 

kaxeTis kaxeTis kaxeTis somex_grigorianebis somex_grigorianebis somex_grigorianebis Sesaxeb~ Sesaxeb~ Sesaxeb~. Sesaxeb~ Sesaxeb~ 

«....exla eRirsa sof. uriaTubans Tavis sakuTari skola. 

Taosnoba da dagvirgvineba am saqmisa ekuTvnoda ors gvamsa, 

saxeldobr: Telavis sasuliero saswavleblis zedamxedvels 

n. m. mTvarelovsa da adgilobrivs mRvdels n. ir. Cekurovsa. 

sofels winadac da exla swavlis survili etyoba da, Tu

254 255 

aqamdis abrkolebda rame am saqmesa, es zogierTi, viTom, xalxis 

TanamgrZnobi, aznaurebi, romelTac sxva nugeSi aRara dar- 

8. 8. xandaxan xandaxan somxebs somxebs rusebic rusebic ubrazdebodnen 

ubrazdebodnen 

ComiaT-ra, soflis sasamarTlos mwerlobisa da laqucmouraobis 

meti.... amgvar gvamebs Zlier ewyinaT skolis gaxsna, 

radganac sxvis Tvalis axileba amaT jibes avnebs.... 

am sofelSi yuradRebis Rirsia is garemoeba, rom aq somxoba 

blomad aris. isini ass komlzed mets Seadgenen (sul 300 

komli iyo- a. u.) zogierTma somexma, gansakuTrebiT, mamasaxlisma, 

romelic TviT somexia, isurva gancalkevebiT da saku- 

Tari skolis gaxsna..... ubeduri gaugebroba exlandel naswavl 

da uswavlel somxebSiac is aris, rom eseni sarwmunoebasa da 

enas erTmaneTisagan ver arCeven. Tu JamTa –viTarebis gamo, Sen 

miiRe grigorianebis sarwmunoeba, maSin mTeli somxeTi ieriSs 

moitans Senzed, dagecema Tavzed da, Tu nebiT vera, ZaliT dagawyebineben 

somxuri enis sacodavad mtvrevasa, Sens vinaobazed da 

gvartomobazed is aRara fiqrobs, radgan Sen somxurad iwer 

pir-jvarsa. 

uriaTubanSi da kaxeTis sxva soflebSiac (TviT TelavSiac) 

mcxovrebni grigorianebi arian, magram amaT somxebad (Tu kanonierad 

gvinda vixmaroT es sityva), ver uwodebT.... maT srulebiT 

ar esmiT somxuri ena arc saero, da saeklesio xom _ ara da 

ara..... 

aviRoT, Tundac, Telavis somxebi _ aqaurni somexni sul 

qarTulad laparakoben. Telavel ymawvilebisTvis pirveldawyebiTi 

swavla qarTul enazed unda midiodes. magram egre 

ar gaxlavT: viwro patriotobisa gamo aq sacodav bavSvebs 

maT gaugebars somxurs enazed aswavlian da amiT amaxinjeben 

maTs norC gonebas da tvinsa. qarTuls xom sagnadac ar 

aswavlian. amisaTvis aqauris somxis skolidam gamosuls 

somxuri aviwydeba da Semdeg skolis dasrulebisa hswavlobs 

qarTulsa, rogorc usaWiroess enas. jer TviT somxeb- 

Siac qarTuls wignebs ufro eltvian TelavSi, vidre somxurs, 

romelic ician aq aTiode gvamma, isic gacilebiT 

qarTulzed uxeiroT..... weRanac vsTqvi: es aris mxolod somexTa 

mowinave xalxis daJineba da gaugebroba». 

unda aRiniSnos, rom, marTalia, ruseTi somxeTs saqarTvelos 

winaaRmdeg Tavisi politikis gasatareblad iyenebda, magram 

iyo periodebi, rodesac rusifikatoruli politika ewinaaRmdegeboda 

somxur fenomens, romelic yovelTvis metad 

TviTmyofadi da mkacrad nacionalistur-Sovinisturi iyo. 

«moxda ise, rom ruseTis xelisufleba XIX saukunis bolos, 

ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi somxebsac gauwyra. amis Taobaze 

zemoT ukve naxsenebi araqel babaxaniani (leo) Tavis wignSi 

_„warsulidan~, romelic 1925 welsa TbilisSi daistamba 

somxur enaze, wers: 1896 wels kavkasiis mTavarmmarTeblad 

daniSnulma Tavadma golicinma miznad daisaxa ‘daeCqarebina 

kavkasiis garuseba. amis gamo man, sazogadod, SeiZula is erebi, 

romlebsac sakmaod moepovebinaT erovnuli Rirebulebebi mas- 

Tan dasapirispireblad» [21]. 

somexTa mzardi interesebis SesazRudavad daarsda gazeTi 

„kavkazi~, romlis redaqtoroba golicinma miando poet vasili 

veliCkos. bunebrivia, gaparpaSebulma somxebma igi SeiZules. 

babaxaniani zemoT dasaxelebul wignSi werda: «veliCkos 

somexT moZule bodvas siamovnebiT Seuwyo xma qarTulma „kniazurma~ 

presamac. ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, nikolaZe da 

sxvac mravali maTi msgavsni „kavkazis~ poeti redaqtorebis 

adiutantebi iyvnen» [21]. 

es, ra Tqma unda, morigi ciliswameba iyo Cveni didi mamuliSvilebis 

mimarT. «ilias, akakis da sxva qarTvel moRvaweebs 

veliCko rom ar uyvardaT, amis Sesaxeb masalebi sakmaod moipoveba. 

maT arc somxebi CauwixlavT, mxolod da mxolod 

TavianT mravaltanjul samSoblos icavdnen. leos da mis Tanamoazreebs 

ki ar eWaSnikebodaT, rom saqarTvelos hyavda ise- 

Ti didi mamuliSvilebi, rogorebic arian ilia, akaki da sxvebi. 

qarTveli moRvaweebi xom maT antiqarTul parpaSs saqarTveloSi 

ar iTmendnen. ilia, akaki da maTi TanamebrZolebi moqmedebdnenen 

principiT: „samSoblos arvis wavarTmevT, Cvenc nurvin 

Segvecileba~_qarTvelebs samSoblos arTmevdnen rusebic, somx

256 257 

ebic da Cvens moRvaweebs, bunebrivia, ar eqnebodaT didi survili 

rus-somexTa droebiT dapirispirebaSi, gaeSvelebinaT isini» 

[21]. 

vfiqrobT, zogierTi somxis saqmeTa warmosaCenad sainteresoa 

rusebis Sexedulebebic. amitom gadavwyviteT, Cvens wignSi 

mraval avtorTagan swored vasili veliCkos mosazrebebi Segvetana. 

gTavazobT amonarids misi erTi werilidan (qarTuli 

Targmani mogvyavs naSromidan [15]). veliCkos werili, Ziri- 

Tadad, saqarTvelos ruseTTan mierTebamde da mierTebis Semdgom 

periodsa da viTarebas exeba. 

vasili vasili veliCko veliCko _ _ „kavkasia“ 

„kavkasia“ 

«...saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaurTa didma nawilma ar gaiziara 

me-19 saukunis radikaluri zomebi saqarTvelos ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi 

Sesvlis Taobaze da miiCnia, rom es sakiTxi unda 

gadawyvetiliyo ara manifestiT, aramed ormxrivi xelSekrulebis 

safuZvelze. 

... vidre CvenTvis Zvirfasia Cveni sarwmunoeba, saqarTvelo 

CvenTvis sulierad axlobeli iqneba. amasve adasturebs qarTuli 

sisxlis raindTa is modgma, romelTac rusuli droSebis qveS 

SesaSuri Tavdadeba gamoiCines brZolis velze da CvenTan er- 

Tad akeTes „mesame romis“ sulierebis SenarCunebis saqme. vidre 

Cven gvwams am saqmisa, vidre CvenTvis sanukvaria rusuli 

droSa, Cven qarTvelebSi unda vxedavdeT mxolod sakuTar 

Zmebs. mTel wina aziaSi qarTvel ers qristianuli sarwmunoebis 

forpostad da mZlavr berketad unda miviCnevdeT... 

qarTvelTa socialur wyobas gaaCnda erTi didi xinji, rac, 

SeiZleba, Zvirad daujdes qveyanas – maT ar hyavdaT sakuTari 

burJuazia. mrewvelebis, vaWrebisa da xelosanTa rigebi 

saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad, ivseboda sxva rwmenisa da qveynis 

moqalaqe somxebiT, romlebic, qarTul xmlebs amofarebulni, 

musulmanTagan icavdnen Tavs. isini agrovebdnen qonebas im 

mSvidobis wyalobiT, rac qarTul xmlebs mohqonda maTTvis, 

zogjer ki qveynis mmarTvelebs uziarebdnen am qonebis nawils. 

gulmxurvale somexi patrioti, aw gansvenebuli generali qiSmi- 

Sovi Tavis broSuraSi guliswyromiT moixseniebda im qarTvel 

feodalebs, romlebic fulis gamorTmevas cdilobdnen 

mdidari somxebisaTvis. 

istoriam daumtkica qarTvelebs, rom ar SeiZleba im xalxis 

ndoba, romelTac jaSuSobisa da Ralatis Tandayolili 

Tvisebebi gaaCniaT: mefe erekle meoris mier aRzevebuli somexi 

meliqebi abo da mejnuni, romelTac igi sparselTa devnisagan 

icavda, sabediswero Jams ganudgnen qarTvel mefes da 1795 

wels aRa-mahmad xanis urdoebs SemouZRvnen saqarTveloSi, 

romelTac sisxlSi CaaxrCves Tbilisis mosaxleoba. es faqti 

sasurvelia SevaxsenoT im somex publicistebs, pirze duJmomdgarni 

rom amtkiceben TavianT qristianobas... 

...qarTuli miwaTmflobeloba daujerebeli siswrafiT dneba; 

sxvadasxva manTaSovebi, aramiancebi, araqelovebi, makariancebi da 

sxva somexi bobolebi Calis fasad yiduloben miwebs da iq 

TurqeTidan gadmosaxlebul somxebs afuZneben. salocavebi da 

mTeli eklesiebic ki somexTa sakuTrebaSi gadadis... 

sxvaTa Soris, qarTveli Tavadebic xSirad codaven, radgan 

yofili seminaristebisa da aradidgvarovanTa mimarT qedmaRluri 

damokidebulebiT did mtrebs iCenen am wridan gamosuli 

Cinovnikebis saxiT. 

samsaxurebrivi sicruiTa da qarTuli nerviulobiT gajerebuli 

kavkasiuri atmosfero sakmaod did Tavsatexs uCens 

xolme rus Cinovnikebs, magram mdgomareobis ganmuxtva ki xSirad 

sevdiani, magram mainc brZnuli qarTuli iumoriT xdeba xolme. 

magaliTad, erTma qarTvelma Tavadma Tavisi mdgomareoba am 

sityvebiT daaxasiaTa: „adgil-mamuli somxebma wamarTves, samsaxuri 

ufrosobam damakargvina. damrCa mxolod erTgulebis 

grZnoba da kargi mada. araferia, cxovreba SeiZleba!“ 

somxebze dasabamidan Camoyalibda cudi azri _ da es gaxlavT 

Seumcdari azri, sakmaod safuZvliani, igi arc SeiZleboda 

yofiliyo sxvagvari, radgan absoluturad erTnairad Camoyalibda 

yvela eris SemecnebaSi, Tanac _ istoriulad sxvadasxva 

dros. 

magram isic naTelia, rom amgvari azris kategoriuloba,

258 259 

romlis magaliTebsac me qvemoT moviyvan, xSir SemTxvevaSi 

usafuZvlo da usamarTloa. jer erTi, aucilebelia erTmaneTisagan 

gavmijnoT somexi xalxis ZiriTadi masa da am eris 

mtacebeli plutokratia, politikanizmiT gamsWvaluli sam- 

Rvdeloeba da fsevdointeligencia. e.i. is mmarTveli somxuri 

sazogadoebrivi fenebi, romlebic Cagraven ara mxolod sxva 

tomis mezoblebs, aramed sakuTar ubralo Tanamemamuleebsac. 

am TavkacebTan da maT mier daqiravebulebTan Sexebisas ar 

SeiZleba, rom nebismier wesier adamians ar aReZras siZulvilis 

grZnoba somxebis mimarT. am saidumloebiT aRsavse eris 

istoriis gacnobisas ki ar SeiZleba, mis mimarT ar ganimsWvalo 

erTgvari TanagrZnobiT, radgan mas uamravi kargi Tviseba 

gaaCnia. 

magram, ramdenadac didi iqneba es TanagrZnoba, miT ufro 

gaizrdeba zizRi da siZulvili maTi jilagidan gamosuli 

politikanebis, mCagvrelebisa da meamboxeebis mimarT. 

meorec, is socialur-ekonomikuri da istoriuli pirobebi, 

romlebSic bedis ukuRmarTobiT aRmoCndeboda xolme somexi 

xalxi, ganapirobebda da dResac ganapirobebs im garemoebas, 

rom eris wiaRidan amotivtivdes mxolod somexi eris yvelaze 

saZageli, maxinji da gaiZvera warmomadgeneli. 

profesori d. n. anuCini ambobs, rom somxebi ar ganekuTvnebian 

ariul tomebs da isini arianizirebulebi (eniT) arian. zemoTqmulTan 

erTad, yvelani, vinc sakuTar Tavs somxobas miakuTvneben, 

aSkarad ar arian Zireuli somxuri tomis warmomadgenlebi. 

kidev ufro saintereso daskvna mniSvnelovani somxuri 

jgufebis Taobaze gaakeTa kavkasiis anTropologma, doqtorma 

i. i. pantiuxovma. pativcemulma mecnierma gamoiyena is periodi, 

roca Tbilisi gadaWedili iyo naxevradveluri ltolvilebiT 

TurqeTidan da bevr TurqeTidan gamoqceul somexs Cautara 

anTropologiuri kvleva. gairkva, rom am daupatiJebel stumarTa 

meti wili TavianTi fizikuri agebulebiT wminda wylis 

qurTebi iyvnen. 

am garemoebaTa gamo naTelia, rom somexTa ZarRvebSi Cqefs 

yovelnairi sisxli. amiT aixsneba is ambavi, rom wina aziaSi 

saarakod qceuli simxdalis mqone somexi xalxi drodadro 

iZleva talantur da uSiSar mxedarTmTavrebs. swored es 

adasturebs somexTa jilagze sxva, meomari da mamaci xalxis, 

sisxlis gavlenas. normalur, wminda sisxlis somexs ki saer- 

To-kavkasiuri andazis Tanaxmad, „kurdRlisac ki eSinia“. es ki 

aSkarad miuTiTebs am eris semitur xasiaTze. saerTod, semituri 

xasiaTis mravali Tviseba gaaCnia somex xalxs. es aris 

istoriulad myari saxelmwifoebriobis arqona, avtoritetuli 

sagvareulo aristokratiis TandaTanobiTi gaqroba, didi 

xnis win demokratiuli wyobis iatakqveSa politikaze gadasvla, 

sarwyavi miwebis koleqtiurad gamoyenebis sistema, rasobrivi 

ltolva vaWrobisa da mevaxSeobisaken da momxveWelobis 

dauokebeli survili. qedmaRloba uqonelebTan da Zlier- 

Ta mimarT monuri damokidebuleba, TviTreklama da gandidebis 

mania xom ebrauli damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia, magram somxebSi 

igi ufro intensiurad da uxeSi saxiT gvxvdeba. 

somxebs Zalian ar uyvarT, roca maT ebraelebs adareben da 

avaleben TavianT damcvelebs, rom, rac SeiZleba, energiulad 

amtkicon haikeli haikeli xalxis xalxis ariuli warmomavloba... samwuxaroa, 

rom amgvari oqros kerpis winaSe dayudebuli monebi 

dRes xSirad gvxvdebian mosamsaxureebs, publicistebsa da 

mwerlebs Sorisac ki... 

1. „murCi“, 1897 weli, statia saTauriT ‘boSebisagan wamosuli 

somxebi“. 

„...aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom somexi navTobmrewveli 

mecenatebi gaZlierebulad zrunaven somxeTis gansakuTrebuli 

istoriis Seqmnaze, am patara erisa da misi „gmirebis“ 

gandidebaze, iqnebian isini pativiscemis Rirsi SemTxveviTi generlebi, 

Tu aseve pativiscemis Rirsi (oRond sxva kuTxidan) 

araSemTxveviTi kontrabandistebi. kerZod, isini xelidan ar 

uSveben SemTxvevas, parazituli xerxebiT ganadidon TavianTi 

istoriuli „damsaxurebebi“, Tu amJamindeli Rirsebebi; gzadagza 

cdiloben, daCrdilon is mezobeli xalxebi, romelTac 

bevrad naTeli istoria da Rirseba gaaCniaT, vidre sakuTriv

260 261 

somxebs. istoriul-arqeologiurad somxebi qarTvelebs usindisod 

Zarcvaven _ istoriuli Zeglebidan amokawvriT Slian 

qarTul warwerebs; itaceben uZveles marTlmadideblur samrekloebs 

da dacarielebul eklesiebs ∗ ; Txzaven istoriul 

sisuleleebs da Zvel somxur samflobeloebad warmogvidgenen 

im sanaxebs, sadac yoveli qva qarTuli samefos warsulze 

mianiSnebs. 

somxebis mier rusul literaturaSi pirveli daqiravebuli 

mwerali gaxldaT „baron brambeusis“ fsevdonims amofarebuli 

senkovski, romelic somxebisaTvis xelsayrel nawarmoebebs 

qmnida. Semdeg, somexi „istorikosebi“ emini („mose xorenelis 

istoria~), xudobaSevi (`somxeTis mimoxilva~), gverds uvlidnen 

ra istoriuli Zeglebis damajerebel RaRadiss, yvelanairad 

cdilobdnen, moeparaT qarTvelebisaTvis istoriuli qarTuli 

olqis _ saaTabagos mdidari warsuli, romelic aTabagi jayelebis 

sammarTvelo teritoria gaxldaT da romelic amJamad 

axalcixis mazraSi Sedis. arada, nebismierma kavkasielma kargad 

icis, rom aq dRemde SemorCenilia Tamar mefis xelmwifobis 

kvali, rom mazris musulmanuri mosaxleoba mxolod 

gaTurqebuli qarTvelebia, romlebic qarTul enaze metyveleben, 

rom somexTa umetesi wili me-19 saukuneSi TurqeTidan 

ltolvilebia da ara mkvidri mosaxleoba. 

∗ amis dasturad moviyvanT wina Tvis manZilze momxdar or faqts: 

duSeTis mazris wminda nikolozis eklesiis mrevlma Seadgina arza da 

Tavisi wris or warmomadgenels sTxova eSuamdgomla kavkasiis maRali 

Cinebis winaSe mkacri zomebis misaRebad somexi samRvdeloebis im 

warmomadgenlebisadmi, romelTac usindisod miitaces samreklo „bodavis 

wminda giorgis niSi~ da misi mimdebare teritoria. am samreklos mTavari 

xatebi maTve moipares da duSeTis somxur eklesias gadasces. samreklos 

daarqves `surp-geurqi~ da iq marTlmadidebel mRvdlebs wirvis saSualeba 

aRukveTes (Jurnali `kavkazi~, 1897 wlis ivnisi). 

axalcixis axlos, mdinare focxovTan aris samkurnalo wyaro, 

romelic Tavis tkivilis uebari saSualebaa. aq didi xania dgas qarTuli 

samreklo da salocavi niSa. wyaroTi xalxi ufasod sargeblobda, samreklos 

ki sakmaod didi Sesawiri Tanxa Sesdioda. mimdinare wlis martSi ki 

viRacam samrekloSi gamofina somxuri xatebi, karebs didi klite Seaba da 

gasaRebi jibeSi Caido (gazeTi ìveria~, 1897 wlis aprili). 

armenologi profesori patkanovic naklebi mokrZalebiT 

iyenebda faqtebs da, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoboda saeWvo reputaciis 

mqone mecnierebs _ senkeviCs, mogzaur botanikos koxs da 

sxvebs. patkanovi droulad amxila qarTvelma mweralma dimitri 

baqraZem, magram, samwuxarod, am polemikas rusuli sazogadoebis 

didi nawili ver gaecno. patkanovis mowafe mari (niko 

mari – a.u.) xelidan ar uSvebs SemTxvevas, rom somxebis sasargeblod 

raime waglijos qarTvelebs, Tanac sul imis damtkicebas 

cdilobs da gvpirdeba, rom uZvelesi qarTuli poema „vefxistyaosani“ 

nasesxebi nawarmoebia. 

es xels aZlevT somex politikanebs imdenad, ramdenadac 

somxebs Tavisi arsebobis manZilze ar hqoniaT ramdenadme 

Zlieri poeturi nawarmoebi, rogorc eris sulieri aRmavlobis 

TvalsaCino nimuSi. 

rogorc ar unda ecadon, iuri veselovskis msgavsad mowadinebuli 

literaturuli bartyebi mdidari somxuri literaturis 

arsebobis mtkicebas, mTeli es kampania sacodavi 

luRluRis doneze darCeba, radgan amgvari ram bunebaSi ar 

arsebobs. 

viRac g. ezovi Tavis fenomenalurad uceremonio wignSi 

„petre didis kavSiri somex xalxTan“, yovelgvari saRi azris 

sawinaaRmdegod, viRac vigindara somex israel orus Tu oriuss 

miawers gansakuTrebul diplomatiur mniSvnelobas. vi- 

Tom, oru cdilobda, petre pirveli CaeTria sparseTTan omSi 

maSin, rodesac igi ukve eomeboda SvedeTs. ezovi yvela wyaroebidan 

moixmobs mxolod qarTvelebisaTvis araxelsayrel citatebs. 

amgvar citatebs tendenciurad àtenian“ mkiTxvelebs 

filantropiul krebulSi `Zmuri daxmareba TurqeTSi dazaralebul 

somxebs“, romelsac gladstonis epitafia amSvenebs: 

`sikeTe, sikeTe da ... sikeTe!“, magram, unda vaRiaroT, rom 

sakmaod Sxamiani sikeTe gamovida, isic Cveul somxur stil- 

Si. 

metad saintereso broSura („qvaTa RaRadi“) uZRvna somexTa 

mTel am sicruesa da binZur istoriul-arqeologiur mtaceblobas 

cnobilma qarTvelma poetma da publicistma, Tavadma

262 263 

ilia WavWavaZem. es broSura mdidaria saxasiaTo faqtebiT 

da igi Targmnilia rusul enaze. 

roca TbilisSi somxebisa da qarTvelebis tomTa Soris 

urTierTobaze saubroben, ixseneben „iesa“-is korespodents, 

viRac kutulis. Camovida Tu ara TbilisSi, igi wamsve xelT 

igdo gaqnilma, eSmakma, magram Wkvianma politikurma agitatorma, 

kuzianma arwrunma, romelic gamoscemda gazeT „mSaks“. 

somexma bobolebma pativiscemiT Tavbru daaxvies kutulis _ 

aWmevdnen, asmevdnen, wamiT ar Sordebodnen gverdidan. mas sruliad 

dahkargvoda garemos aRqmis unari. saqme iqamdec mivida, 

rom yvela Semxvedr lamaz qals kutulis somxad warudgendnen, 

maxinjs ki _ qarTvelad. komikuri situacia Seiqmna, 

radgan qarTvelebic ki, romelTac gamZafrebuli aqvT istoriuli 

Tavmoyvareoba, Rimils ver ikavebdnen mimndobi Tu 

mosyiduli frangis Canawerebis wakiTxvisas. 

sul axlaxans ki WeSmaritad saseiro sanaxaobad iqca 

somexi politikanebis da „istoriis mTxzvelebis“ mcdeloba, 

_ Tavbru daexviaT frangi swavlulis, baton de baisaTvis, 

romelic bevrs swerda rusebze, magram somxebs kovzi nacar- 

Si CauvardaT. de baim moinaxula somexTa kaTolikosis rezidencia 

_ eCmiaZini, sadac mas warudgines `warmoudgenlad“ 

Zveli nivTebi, raRac gvirgvinebi, fialebi, moqarguli gadasafareblebi 

da sxva. gamocdilma arqeologma wamsve SeamCnia, 

rom nivTebis realuri asaki ar emTxveoda maT „somxur da- 

TariRebas“ da amis Taobaze sakmao ironiiT dawera presaSi. 

sxvaTaSoris, aRmoCnda, rom friad saeWvo naqargTa maqmanebi 

gviandel rokokos stils ganekuTvneboda. baron de bais 

ironiis gamo rusuli asoebiT nabeWdi adgilobrivi gazeTebis 

gaafTrebuli toni yovelgvari zrdilobis farglebs 

gascda. 

somexTa mtkivneuli Tavmoyvareobis, gandidebis maniisa da 

TviTreklamirebis survilis gamarTleba mxolod imiT Sei- 

Zleba, rom am xalxis reputacia saukuneTa manZilze samudamod 

Seilaxa da isini yvelanairad cdiloben Tavis marTlebas. 

ai, ras swers somxebze miukerZoebeli, humanuri da ma- 

Ralzneobrivi tacitusi, romelsac SeeZlo romis mtrebisgermanelebis 

qebac ki, Tavisi meore wignis „Ad axcessu augisti“is 

53-e paragrafSi: „es aris dasabamidan orsaxovani xalxi, 

rogorc xasiaTiT, aseve geografiuli mdebareobiT“. xolo 

me-12 wignis 46-e paragrafSi igi aSkarad miuTiTebs somexTa 

mzakvrul bunebaze. 

„Sen xar mSiSara, Sen xar mona, Sen xar somexi!“- ambobs 

puSkini moxuci mpiriT; qarTvelebi amboben _ `movida somexi, 

moitana sxva mexi“. somexi mevaxSeebis mier qarTveli Tavadebis 

mSobliuri miwebidan gandevnam mTeli rigi qarTuli 

andazebi Sva: _ `jiSiani cxenebi gawydnen, doRi virebs dar- 

CaT“, `gareulma qaTamma Sinauri qaTami gaagdo“ da sxva. amierkavkasieli 

TaTrebi amboben: _ àTive TiTi sanTlad rom 

aqcio da somexs gza gaunaTo, misgan madlobas ver eRirsebi“. 

rusi xalxi sakmaod damamcirebeli epiTetebiT moixseniebs 

somxebs _ xan zizRiT, xan kidev damcinavad. nekrasovi ambobs: 

daiwuna soliduri sasiZo, 

viRac somexs kisristexviT gahyva. 

aranakleb humanuri JemCuJnikovi (`kozma prutkovSi“) am 

sityvebs amRerebs: 

vwevar viwro loginze, 

mezobel palataSi ki 

yviris somexi... 

sityva `yviris” Zalze tipiuria. somxebi marTlac gamudmebiT 

yvirian _ ar SeuSveb Sens saxlSi, droze gaugeb mzakvrul 

Canafiqrs, Tu wvrilman qurdobaze daiWeren maTi wris 

warmomadgenels _ isini Tavadac yvirian da sxva eris sulel 

Tu mosyidul adamianebsac ayvireben. 

Cveni miukerZoebeli beletristikac sakmaod mkvaxed moixsenebs 

somxebs. leskovs Tavis nawarmoebSi „soborianebi“ 

erT-erT gmirad hyavs Seyvanili sqelgaviani somexi SantaJisti 

Termosesovi. 

safrangeTsa da germaniaSi, sadac moqmedeben somxuri revoluciuri 

wreebi, sadac baqoel navTobmrewvelTa fulebiT

264 265 

mimdinareobs somxebis sasargeblo agitacia, saqmeSi Caxeduli 

da miukerZoebeli adamianebi udidesi riskis fasadac ki aRar 

eridebian somexTa winaaRmdeg xmis amaRlebas. cnobili frangi 

mogzauri, grafi de Sole somxeTis, qurTistanisa da mesopotamiis 

moxilvis Semdeg musulmanebis somxebisadmi damokidebulebis 

fonze swerda: „miuxedavad didi TanagrZnobisa, romelsac 

badebs somxebis siRaribe da tanjva-vaeba, me verasodes 

movaxerxe maTTan daaxloeba, radgan ver Sevegue maT zizRismomgvrel 

cbierebas, sulmdablobas da gulisamrev simuxTles!“ 

imperatrica ekaterine meoris mefobis dros somxebs 

yovelmxriv SesaniSnavi pirovneba gamouCndaT, dauokebeli energiis 

mqone, politikurad fxiani, arcTu iSviaTad _ momabezrebeli. 

igi arqiepiskoposi iosebi gaxldaT, warmoSobiT 

gaqarTvelebuli kulturuli somxuri ojaxidan, romelsac 

qarTvel mefeTagan Tavadis wodeba hqonda miniWebuli. misi 

gvari _ arRuTaSvili-mxargrZeli rusul yoveldRiurobaSi, 

rusuli fantaziisve wyalobiT, rogorc „arRuTinskidolgoruki“ 

Sevida. riurikebis dolgorukebTan maT, ra Tqma 

unda, araferi akavSirebT. xsenebulma arqiepiskoposma iosebma 

1779 wels (samxreT ruseTSi) somxuri qalaqi „donis 

naxiWevani“ daaarsa. yirimidan da TurqeTidan gadmoxvewili 

15000 somxis bazaze Camosaxlebulebs, sakmaod kargi SeRavaTebi 

dauwesdaT: xazinis xarjze yirimidan mTeli qonebis 

gadazidva, 12000 desetina saZovari ialaRi, saguSagoebisa da 

rekrutisagan gaTavisufleba, 10 wliT yoveli saxis begaris 

moxsna; yovel mosaxles 30 desetina miwa gamoeyo; tye da 

saxlis asaSenebeli masala usasyidlod gadaecaT, saTesle 

masala, saqoneli da inventari ki 10 wlis Semdeg anazRaurebis 

pirobiT. yovelive es kanonTa srul krebulSi dawvrilebi- 

Taa asaxuli. 

saqarTveloSi erekle meoris mefobis Jams, igive arRuTinskis 

mcdelobiT, viRac yarabaReli meliqebi daasaxles TavianTi 

yma glexebiT, romelTac Sulaveris dasaxleba Seqmnes. 

orma meliqma, mejnunma da abom, Tvalis daxamxamebaSi uRalates 

Tavis axal mfarvels _ mefe erekles da 1795 wels aRa- 

mahmad-xans TbilisSi SemouZRvnen, romelmac qalaqi miwasTan 

gaaswora. es faqti erovnebiT somexma general-leitenantma 

s. o. qiSmiSovma aRiara... n. f. durnovis naSromSi aRniSnulia, 

rom 1796 wels somexi arqiepiskoposi iosebi ubodiSod 

Caeria dapyrobili derbentis saqmeebSi da musulmanebTan 

Sedavebis arcerT SemTxvevas ar uSvebda xelidan; maT somxebis 

winaSe amcirebda; derbentSi xanmokle yofnis periodSi 

mTeli mosaxleoba aimxedra. grafma zubovma iosebi mTavar 

binaSi gamoiZaxa, magram aqac saWiro gaxda zomebis miReba, 

raTa arqiepiskoposis politikanuri miswrafebebi SezRuduliyo. 

dauaxlovda ra eCmiaZinis patriarqs ise, rom nebar- 

Tva aravisgan auRia, maT erToblivad Seadgines _ „koleqtiuri 

mimarTva yarabaRSi da kavkasiis sxva adgilebSi mcxovreb 

somxebs“. am manifestSi ewera, rom ruseTis jari sparseTSi 

mxolod erTi ganzraxviT Sevida _ „gaaTavisuflos 

somxebi musulmanTa uRlisagan da moupovos maT damoukidebloba“. 

amas didi mRelvareba mohyva mTel amierkavkasiaSi. 

somxebi didi somxeTis samefos aRdgenaze ocnebobdnen... xsenebuli 

arqiepiskoposis Tanamedrove p. g. butkovi adasturebs 

iosebis gadametebul pativmoyvareobas. 

somxuri eklesiis politikurobis klasikur nimuSs warmogvidgens 

somexTa didi apologetis ezovis broSura „eCmiaZinis 

sapatriarqos ruseTis xelisuflebasTan urTierTobis 

dasawyisi“. 

saqarTvelos SemoerTebisTanave somxuri samRvdeloeba mudmivad 

cdilobda, daemtkicebina, rom somxebi aq raRac gansakuTrebul 

rols TamaSoben da, rom, lamis yvelaferi maTzea 

damokidebuli. imdenad, ramdenadac saqmeSi Caxedulma rusulma 

samRvdeloebam kargad icoda somxuri monofizitizmi da isic, 

rom qarTvelebi ruseTs „erTmorwmuneobis“ egidiT SeuerTdnen, 

arqiepiskoposma iosebma somxur-grigorianul sarwmunoebasTan 

dakavSirebiT keTilSobiluri informaciis gavrcelebaze 

izruna. „1799 wels s/petergburgSi ruseTSi damkvidrebuli 

somexi xalxis arqiepiskopos iosebis wigni somxuri eklesiis 

qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmsarebloba“ gamovida.

266 267 

me-14 gverdze igi qristes Taobaze wers: „erTi saxe, erTi 

ieri, SenivTebulia erT bunebriobasTan“; 50-e gverdze iosebi 

ganmartavs, rom „bunebriobaSi“ igulisxmeba „saxe“. maSin ra 

saWiro iyo ori erTmniSvnelovani mcnebis moyvana? gasagebia, 

rom igi ecada somxebis monofizitobis miCqmalvas. man, aseve, 

miCqmala kaTolikos ioane meoTxes saxelic, romelic somxur 

eklesias wmindanad hyavs Seracxuli, romelmac arabi 

musulmanebis saameblad qalkedoniis eklesia anaTemas gadasca 

da Semdegi gadawyvetileba gamoaqveyna: „anaTema mas, vinc 

ityvis, rom qriste adamiani iyo Tavisi bunebiT, rom igi iyo 

xorcSesxmuli da gadaitana xorcieli wameba, eziara sikvdils 

adamianis msgavsad, anaTema mas! vinc ar aRiarebs qristes 

erTsaxovan ukvdav bunebriobad, anaTema mas!“ 

xedavdnen ra, rom yovelive es marTlmadidebelTa TvalSi 

somxur eklesias Seuracxyofs, me-13 saukunis somexi istorikosi 

kirakosi, mogvianebiT ki xsenebuli iosebi da ka- 

Tolikosi nersesi somxuri monofizitobis miCqmalvas cdilobdnen. 

am maqinaciebs naTels hfenen cimbiris sasuliero akademiis 

profesori troicki 1877 wels gamocemul „somxuri 

eklesiis rwmenis SinaarsSi“ da aniskini „somxuri eklesiis 

istoria-Si~ (gamoica 1900 wels kiSinovSi). 

tyuilad ki ar wuxda arqiepiskoposi iosebi, radgan im 

periodis rusul biurokratias sruliadac ar anaRvlebda 

marTlmadidebluri princi pebi. somxuri saqme rusul 

sazRvrebSi maSin giganturi tempebiT viTardeboda da axali 

simaRleebisaken ganuxrelad miiwevda. TurqmenCaTis traqtatiT 

eCmiaZini ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida, kaTolikosi ki mTeli 

msoflios somexTa patriarqad darCa. qarTuli marTlmadidebluri 

avtokefalia Cven droulad gavauqmeT, miwebi CamovarTviT 

da xazinas gadaveciT, ris gamoc ruseTis saxelmwifoSi 

Seiqmna Teokratiuli saxelmwifo saxelmwifoSi, 

romelic miuwvdomeli iyo kontrolisaTvis da politikuri 

samwysos TvalSi veeberTela avtoriteti gaaCnda. paskeviCis 

dros sparseTSi somxebis gadmosayvanad polkovniki lazare- 

vi gaigzavna, romelsac Tan, daaxloebiT, 40000 suli Camohyva. 

eCmiaZinis patriarqic monawileobda am kombinaciaSi: 

sparseTidan somexi mRvdlebi brZanebiT gamoixmo, romelTac 

TavianTi samwysoebi gamohyvnen. andrianopolisis zavis Sedegad 

Cven miviReT 100000 TurqeTis somexi, mxolod erzrumis 

arqiepiskoposma karapetma 70000 somexi gamoiyvana. amis Semdeg 

musulmanuri samyarodan somxebis gadmosaxlebam masobrivi, 

sistematuri saxe miiRo _ xalxis nakadi zogjer 

mcirdeboda, xSirad ki did mdinared moedineboda. migraciis 

amgvari masStabebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasurvelia, 

gavixsenoT Zveli malorosiuli andaza: „sakuTari fuliT 

ubedureba iyida“. 

ra Tqma unda, rogorc ioseb arRuTinski, aseve 1843 wlidan 

1857 wlamde eCmiaZinis kaTolikosis taxtis mflobeli nersesi 

somxuri ideis kolosebi iyvnen. Tbilissa da kiSinovSi arqiepiskoposad 

nersesis moRvaweobam somxeTs, marTlac, didi 

saqme gaukeTa. 

uzenaesi nebiT gamocemul wignSi „kavkasiismiRma mdebare 

rusuli samflobeloebis mimoxilva“ (1836 wlis gamocema) 

197-199 gverdebze naTqvamia, rom _ `somxebi, moses xalxis 

msgavsad, mTeli dedamiwis zurgze gaifantnen, raTa daegrovebinaT 

simdidre, romlis gamoyenebis bednierebas isini saku- 

Tari mmarTvelebis uRelqveS, sakuTar miwaze ver eRirsebodnen“. 

swored es gaxlavT somxuri xasiaTis warxocvis mizezi 

da igi kosmopolitad iqca. mis samSoblod iqca is qveyana, 

sadac igi yovelgvari safrTxis gareSe arsebobda da saku- 

Tari moxerxebisa da eSmakuri gonebis wyalobiT qonebas 

ixveWda... eSmakoba, cbiereba, gaunaTlebeli, miT umetes movaWre 

somxebis, ZiriTadi niSan-Tviseba gaxlavT: maTTvis yidva-gayidvisas 

sicruis nebismieri forma misaRebia, oRond kanonis 

farglebSi. maT Tbilisi da mTeli amierkavkasia swored 

vaWrobiT daipyres... erTi sityviT, yvelgan, sadac ki SeiZleba 

mogebis miReba, mxolod somxebs naxav. angareba _ ai, ra gaxlavT 

am xalxis mamoZravebeli Zala da zrunvis upirvelesi 

sagani.

268 269 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, erT-erTi uZvelesi marTlmadidebluri 

siwmindis ganmaqiqebeli statia cenzuram daubrkolebliv 

gaatara, me ki ar momca saSualeba, amgvar binZur gamoxdomaze 

pasuxi gameca. am da sxva werilebis akrZalvis mizezad 

rasobrivi uTanxmoebis saSiSroeba moiyvanes, Tumca masSi somxsomx 

ebze ebze araferi iyo Tqmuli. magram rasobrivma rasobrivma Tanxmobam 

Tanxmobam 

sruliad ar SeuSala xeli cenzuras, rom tfilisis „cnobis 

furcelSi“ muhamedianobaze pasqvilis gamoqveynebisaTvis mwvane 

Suqi aenTo. es ar iyo gasarTobad dawerili statia, mas 

masobrivi aurzauri unda gamoewvia. `cnobis furclis“ gamosvlis 

dRes, somexi wvrilfexoba, romelic saeWvod swrafad 

iyo gacnobili aq gamoqveynebul werils, adgilobrivi musulmanebis 

gasaRizianeblad gazeTs gamomwvevad afrialebda. am 

ukanasknelTa aRSfoTebas sazRvari ar hqonda, viRaceebma ki 

xanjalze gaivles xeli. musulmanTa sulierma winamZRolebma 

ganacxades, rom pasuxs ar agebdnen maTi samwysos saqcielze. 

mxolod am ukanasknelma garemoebam momca werilis avtorisadmi 

sakadrisi pasuxis gacemis saSualeba, romelic, rogorc Semdeg 

gairkva, somxebis mier mosyiduli sxva erovnebis warmomadgeneli 

aRmoCnda. 

saerTod, am kategoriis „mwerlebis“ ganaTlebis doneze 

erTi niSandoblivi faqti metyvelebs: Sobis wina dReebSi 

maswavleblTa jgufma gadawyvita xelmokle ojaxis SvilebisaTvis 

naZvis xis zeimi moewyo. erT-erTma somexma sovdagarma 

Semowirulobis gaRebaze uari ganacxada, misma mxardam- 

Werma erT-erTma „mweralma“ aseTi Sinaarsis werili gamoaqveyna: 

„RaribebisTvis naZvis xis zeimi keTili qristianuli 

ganzraxviTaa nakarnaxebi, magram es xom fulis uazro fantvaa. 

amas jobda, rom naZvis xe gagveyida da fuli RaribebisTvis 

dagverigebina. qristec xom amas qadagebda“. 

somxuri gazeTis am feletonistma qristes miawera iudas 

sityvebi. amis Semdeg gaCnda TbilisSi gamoTqma _ „iudas 

morali“. 

somxur presaSi saerTod gaugebari ram xdeboda. magali- 

Tad, gazeTSi „arZaganqi“ sistematurad ibeWdeboda rusebis 

salanZRavi werilebi, romlis Taobazec me calkeuli werilebi 

momewodeboda. TbilisSi wesieri Tarjimnis gamonaxva 

oqros fasadac ki SeuZlebeli iyo. bolos da bolos, me 

aseTi pirovneba gamovZebne _ isic SemTxveviT da isic arasomexi 

erovnebis. man momitana misi uwmindesobis, kaTolikos 

mikirtiC pirvelis friad saeWvo qadageba da somxuri „patriotizmis“ 

araTavmdabluri nimuSebi. rogorc ki me es 

masalebi gamovaqveyne, somxuri presa da rusuli cenzurac 

wamsve aizRarba. me moRalateoba damwames. cenzura ki, TiTqosda, 

Cem mier daSvebul uzustobebs TiTze ixvevda da gazeT „arZaganqs“ 

Riad icavda. 

TiTqos ucnauria, magram rasac axla mogaxsenebT, sruli 

simarTle gaxlavT _ msxvili Tanamdebobis pirs, avad Tu 

kargad, ZaluZs rusuli interesebis somexTa Tavdasxmebisagan 

dacva. SedarebiT dabali donis CinovnikisTvis ki usafrTxo 

ar gaxlavT araTu somxuri intrigebis winaaRmdeg 

aqtiuri moqmedeba, aramed somexi bobolebis kanonsawinaaRmdego 

qmedebebisadmi principuli damokidebulebac ki. Tu 

gavleniani patroni ar hyavs _ mas aucileblad gasvrian, 

pirad saqmes gaufuWeben, samsaxurs daatovebineben. mis colsa 

da Svilebze zemoqmedebas moaxdendnen, Seisyidian mis 

veqsilebs, Tu ki amgvari mas gaaCnia, uars ganucxadeben kreditze, 

Tu mas es sWirdeba. 

arafers vambob pirdapir borotmoqmedebaze. datacebulia 

aTiaTasobiT desetina saxelmwifo miwebi, miCqmalulia asobiT 

aRmaSfoTebeli danaSauli, ramac mTeli mxare aalaparaka. kontrabandistebma, 

xazinis qurdebma, yalbisqmnelebma da sxva juris 

damnaSaveebma milionebi daagroves da maRali sazogadoebisaken 

gza binZuri meTodebiT gaikafes _ umecrebi da garyvnilebi 

saswavlo dawesebulebebis mfarvelebad iqcnen, qurdebi da 

eWvmitanilebi somxur eklesiebSi mokalaTdnen, zogi banks 

Semouskupda, zogi _ saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebas. 

tfilisis saqalaqo meurneobis saSinel mdgomareobaze 

zedmeti saubari xom saWiro ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom 

somxebi qalaqis mosaxleobis mxolod 40 procents Seadgenen,

270 271 

qalaqis duma (meria) mTlianad maT xelSia _ qarTvelebi, 

rusebi, musulmanebi SenobaSic ki ver Sedian; versad naxavT 

normalur qvafenils, karg ganaTebas, keTilmowyobil wyalsadens. 

niSandoblivia erTi aRmaSfoTebeli faqtic _ Tbilisis 

guberniis eqimma, uaRresad wesierma da Seupovarma pirovnebam, 

b-ma qiqoZem qalaqis saqonlis sasaklaos eqimi ispanderiani 

amxila, romelic, nacvlad imisa, rom didi raodenobis triqinoziT 

daavadebuli dakluli Roris xorci cecxlSi gaenedgurebina, 

mas mosaxleobaze hyidda. rogor ar emuqrebodnen 

qiqoZes, magram man es amazrzeni danaSauli mainc gaaxmaura, 

ris Semdegac ispanderianma Tavi moikla. qalaqis dumaSi 

mokalaTebuli somxebi am ambis gamo Sewuxdnen da aforiaqebulebi 

sakiTxis ganxilvis gadadebas cdilobdnen. amasobaSi 

ki kaxeTis tyeebSi ramdenime tyis mWrelma tanjva-wamebiT 

dalia suli, maTi sikvdilis mizezic triqinozi iyo. qalaqis 

dumam aRniSnuli sakiTxi erTi wlis dagvianebiT ganixila, 

magram im motiviT, rom mTavari damnaSave cocxali aRar 

iyo, saqme male miiviwyes. 

somxuri sakiTxis sirTules ganapirobebs is, rom 

parazitizmi da politikanoba mWidrod aris urTierTSerwymuli 

da erTmaneTTan organul kavSirSi imyofebian... es gansakuTrebiT 

Tbilisis mmarTvelobis arCevnebisas iCens xolme 

Tavs. qarTvelebi da rusebi, rogorc wesi, maT winaaRmdeg 

mowyobili intrigebis mizeziT, am arCevnebSi monawileobis 

miRebas ver axerxeben. 

ioli warmosadgenia, Tu rogori cinizmiT epyrobian somexi 

politikanebi sxva erebis warmomadgenlebs. ramdenime wlis win 

kaxeTis qalaq siRnaRSi marTlmadideblebi dResaswaulobdnen. 

marTlmadidebloba rom daemcirebinaT, somxebma damkvrelebis 

dasta daiqiraves da zurnis WyvitinSi xalxma qadagebis mosmena 

ver SeZlo. policias TavxedebisaTvis xeli ar SeuSlia, 

radgan mazris policiis ufrosic somexi iyo. skandalistebi 

Semdeg umniSvnelo fuladi TanxiT daajarimes, magram ara SemkveTebi, 

aramed sawyali daqiravebuli musikosebi. 

qarTvelebi da yarabaReli musulmanebi zogjer arc mT- 

lad gulmowyale RimiliT amboben: „sakmarisia, ruseTis 

mTavrobam kavkasiidan jari gaiyvanos da somxebisgan araferi 

darCeba“. ukve ocdaaTi welia, rac es fraza WeSmaritebisagan 

Sors dadga, radgan am xnis manZilze somxebma aramxolod 

politikuri da ekonomikuri sakvanZo adgilebis xelSi Cagdeba 

moaxerxes, aramed maT axla sakuTari „jaric“ ki gaaCniaT – 

TurqeTidan Camosaxlebuli brbo, ramac ukanaskneli periodis 

Tbilisis eTnografiuli ruka mniSvnelovnad Secvala. 

axla TbilisSi Znelia Sexvde raWidan Camosul muSas, romelic 

Savi muSis simpaTiur tipad iyo aRiarebuli; axla gvxvdebian 

araCveulebrivi yaCaRuri sifaTebi Turquli feskebiT, 

turbanebiTa da Calmisebri TavsaburavebiT. qarTveli da 

rusi mSromelebis Seviwroveba qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobisa 

da plutokratiis uSualo mxardaWeriT kvlavac grZeldeba. 

gazeTi „iveria“ 1897 wels iuwyeboda, rom qalaq Tbilisisa 

da sxva qalaqebis Savi muSebis ricxovneba soflebidan 

migrirebuli mciremiwiani da xelmokle glexebis xarjze 

ivseboda, axla ki maT erevnis guberniidan gadmosuli da 

TurqeTidan ltolvili somxebi sdevnian da aviwroeben. ukve 

gamoqveynebulia informacia imis Taobaze, rom TbilisSi sa- 

Sualod yoveldRiurad Sav samuSaoze 300-400 adamiania 

dakavebuli, romelTa 93% somxebi Sedgenen. maTi xelafsebi 

muSaTa SeTqmulebis xarjze mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. somxebi, 

ZiriTadad, damgvelebi da quCis mrwyvelebi arian, avWalis 

wyalsadenis yaraulebic, romelTa ricxvi 200 kacs Seadgens, 

isini yvelani somxebi arian. ramdenime wlis win am adgilebze 

Cinebuli fxizeli muSakebi iyvnen dasaqmebuli _ raWvelebi 

da aisorebi (asirielebi), romlebsac axla zarmaci, 

cuRluti da uzrdeli adamianebi enacvlebian TurqeTidan. 

isini ki SedarebiT maRal anazRaurebas iReben. am savalalo, 

aranormaluri pirobebis naRvliani Sedegis Sesaxeb 1897 

wels gazeTma „cnobis furcelma“ werili gamoaqveyna, romelic 

bazris muSis tragedias mieZRvna. 

12 dekembers TianeTis safosto traqtze, sofel sabaduris 

maxloblad, meetlem naxevrad SiSveli, qancgaclili

272 273 

mgzavri SeamCnia, romelic sofel saydrianis mkvidri simon 

sisauri aRmoCnda. ubeduri adamiani sofel sabaduraSi miiyvanes, 

magram igi gadatanili SimSilisa da sisustisagan gardaicvala. 

rogorc Semdeg gairkva, gamrje glexi did gasaWirs 

ganicdida da saSovrisTvis TbilisSi wasvla gadawyvita. 

xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi eZebda samuSaos, magram verafers 

gaxda. igi zamTris civ Rameebs Ria cis qveS aTenebda, 

SimSilobda, ukanaskneli groSebic rom Semoexarja, sofelSi 

dabruneba gadawyvita, sadac misvla mas aRar dascalda. 

amgvari daxasiaTeba, kosmopolitizmze miniSnebis garda, 

dResac ZalaSi rCeba. XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan bevrma 

wyalma Caiara da somexTa tomobrivi gancalkevebis procesi, 

saero da sasuliero patriotTa xelSewyobiT, swrafad gamdidrebis 

da simdidris daubrkoleblad gamoyenebis wyalobiT, 

didi siswrafiT ganviTarda. amas xels uwyobda ara- 

SorsmWvreteloba ruseTis mTeli rigi mmarTvelebisa, romelTac 

somexTa Tavkacebi sxavdasxva argumentebis (maT Soris, 

materialuri) moSveliebiT arwmunebdnen ruseTisadmi TavianT 

erTgulebaSi. es ukanaskneli, TiTqosda, marTlac mtkicdeboda 

TiTqmis yovel omSi, romlebSic somxebi Turqebisa 

da sparselebis winaaRmdeg monawileobdnen, rogorc jaSuSebi. 

mtkicebuleba arc Tu saimedoa, radgan TviT jaSuSis 

xelobaSi ukve devs undoblobis faqtori. 

TviT mrewvelobis sferoSic ki somexTa sulieri simxdalis 

Taobaze friad niSandoblivia „obozrenies“ avtoris 

daskvna. Tavadi voroncovi lamis ZaliT aZlevda maT momgebian 

sawarmoebs, romelTac maTTvis Semdeg zRapruli mogeba 

mohqonda. maTi gamdidrebis ZiriTad mamoZravebel Zalas 

parazitizmi da ara SemoqmedebiToba warmoadgens. germanul 

ekonomikur literaturaSi amas conjucturgewinn (koniuqtura 

_ mTargmn.), e.i. sarfi ewodeba, romelic pirobaTa gansakuTrebuli, 

SemTxveviTi Tu xelovnuri, gadajaWviT miiReba. 

XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris ZiriTadi dro somxurma bur- 

Juaziam ekonomikis did qvabze qafis moxdas da ucxotomelebis 

xelisufalTa mosyidvas moaxmara. 

imisTvis, rasac „obozrenies“ avtori somexTa damaxasiaTebeli 

niSanTvisebebis arqonas uwodebs, upriani iqneboda 

garegani asimilirebis, sxva eris gvarsaxelebis mikuTvnebis, 

tansacmlis tarebis da wes-CveulebaTa miTvisebis unari 

gvewodebina. saqarTveloSi somxebma miiTvises gvarebi „Svilis~ 

daboloebiT, musulmanur provinciebSi gaCndnen iusufbegebi, 

yara-begebi, ibrahim-xanebi da sxva gvarebs amofarebuli 

somxebi. ruseTSi agreTve gaCndnen ara mxolod somxuri 

Zirisa da rusuli daboloebis mqone gvaris matarebeli 

somxebi, aramed maTi jiSis krasilnikovebi, sapoJnikovebi, 

lisicinebi, sergeevebi, popovebi. astraxanSi ki „wiTel qamrad“ 

wodebulma pirwavardnilma somexma mevaxSem „Zalze“ 

rusuli gvari miiTvisa. misi memkvidreebi Tavadaznauroba- 

Sic gaZvrnen, sadac maT namdvilad ar moelodnen. 

rogorc mogvianebiT gairkva, es asimilacia uaRresad 

zedapiruli da friad drouli iyo. somxobas zurgs ukan 

gancalkevebulobis qva eWira, romelic TandaTan diddeboda 

da gansakuTrebiT Tavbrudamxvevi da TvalSi sacemi XIX 

saukunis meore naxevarSi gaxda. 

gancalkevebulobis ideas somxebs ingliselebi karnaxobdnen, 

romlebic Cveni kavkasiuri omis dawyebis dRidan cdilobdnen, 

ruseTis winaaRmdeg aemxedrebinaT adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, 

XIX saukunis 30-ian da 60-ian wlebSi _ polonelebi, 

mogvianebiT germanelebi da TviT sazRvargareTis qveynebidan 

Camosuli somxebi. amgvar somxebs Soris gansakuTrebiT 

aRsaniSnavia ori gansakuTrebiT „Sxamiani“ ojaxi. pirveli 

gamoirCeoda klerikalur-separatistuli mimarTulebiT, 

meorem ki separatizmi zogjer radikaluri niSniT gamor- 

Ceul burJuaziul-liberalur safuZvelze Seayena... 

jer kidev pogodini, romelmac kavkasia Tavad bariatinskis 

dros moinaxula, aRniSnavda saarsebo siZvires, rac, 

ueWvelia, xelovnurad iyo gamowveuli. 

aseve didi samsaxuri gauwia somexTa ekonomikuri aRmavlobisa 

da tomobrivi gancalkevebulobis saqmes mefisnacvlis 

institutma. dReisaTvis kavkasiaSi es gaxlavT mmarT

274 275 

velobis dromoWmuli forma, romelsac Tavis droze efeqturi 

mxareebi, aseve, sakmao sibnelec aSkarad gaaCnda. magaliTad, 

Tavadma voroncovma miznad daisaxa kavkasiis mosaxleobis 

„evropeizacia“ da miznis misaRwevad nergavda moxmarebis 

zrdas, fufunebisaken ltolvas, xmaurian sazogadoebriobas. 

ekonomikurad moumzadebeli elementebi kotrdebodnen, 

mtacebluri, e.i. somxuri burJuazia ki Zlier mdidrdeboda 

im saxelis maZiebeli didgvarovnebis xarjze, axalaxali 

satyuarebis gamo cecxlSi rom miZvrebodnen. pirvelive 

mefisnacvlis dros Seiqmna raRac samefo karismagvari 

da, miuxedavad imisa, rom am karis wevrebi, ZirTadad didgvarovanTa 

warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, maTi finansuri damokidebuleba 

somexi mdidrebisadmi am ukanasknelTa did faqtobriv 

gavlenas xSirad swored mefisnacvalTa xeldasxmiT 

gansazRvravda... 

amierkavkasiis rkinigza somxuri burJuaziis xelSi iqca 

qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis mtacebluri eqspluataciis iaraRad, 

iseve, rogorc bankebi da sxva mravali. 

yovelive aman ki ocneba gauRviva ers, romelmac oflism- 

Rvreli Sromis gareSe daagrova didZali qoneba, romlisTvisac 

bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi nebadarTulia yvelaferi, 

rasac ki moisurveben. roca mis xelSia adgilobrivi Tu 

dedaqalaqis gazeTi _ ucnauric ki iqneba, rom ar iocnebo! 

dapyrobil olqebSi mcxovrebi musulmanebi sakmaod mware 

ironiiT kiTxuloben _ „sad arian rusebi, risTvis dagvipyres 

Cven? yovel SemTxvevaSi ara CvenTvis. Cven vixileT mamaci 

Zlieri rusi jariskaci, axla ki vxedavT daCaCanakebul angarebian 

russ, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki ararus Cinovnikebs. arc 

Tqveni vaWrebi, arc Tqveni miwaTmoqmedebi aq ar Canan. mxolod 

somxebi arian, Cveni guSindeli monebi. verafers vityviT! 

Rirda ki brZola saimisod, rom gagvebatonebina ase- 

Ti adamianebi?“ 

amierkavkasieli somxebisTvis orma faqtma iqonia gadamwyveti 

ekonomikuri da politikuri mniSvneloba da gaar- 

Rvia is jebiri, rac akavebda maT Semtev svlas. es gaxldaT 

XIX saukunis samociani wlebis reformis (igulisxmeba batonymobis 

gadavardna _ mTargmneli) xarvezebi da baqos nav- 

Tobmrewvelobis ganviTareba. 

pirvelma faqtma gamoiwvia Tavadaznaurobis gakotreba 

da misi avtoritetis dacema, amierkavkasiaSi rusuli wyobisadmi 

mtrulad ganwyobili rusebis didi nakadis Semosvla, 

romlebic gamsWvaluli iyvnen axali ideebiT _ burJuaziuli 

liberalizmidan, anarqiis CaTvliT. aseT xalxs arc 

rusuli saqmis keTebis unari gaaCnda da arc imis survili, 

rom win aRsdgomoda ucxotomelTa gancalkevebulobas. samarTlebrivi 

wesrigi, sadac mosaxleobis yvela fenasa da 

kategoriaSi Zlier aris ganviTarebuli moqalaqeobrioba 

da TviTSemoqmedebis unari, absolutur uazrobad iqca amierkavkasiaSi, 

sadac yvelaferi somexTa xelSi aRmoCnda, radgan 

mxolod maT, erTaderTs mTel amierkavkasiaSi, gaaCndaT bur- 

Juaziul-samarTlebriv wyobaSi gamarjvebis unari. gadametebuli 

ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom es Tviseba maT simaxinjemde 

aqvT ganviTarebuli. aralegaluri cxovrebis wesma 

maT SesZina imis unari, rom winaswari molaparakebis gareSe 

Seikran erT muStad, gaerTiandnen wreebSi, iyvnen disciplinirebulebi, 

yvela sxva danarCeni obivatelis winaaRmdeg 

gaficvebi da mcire ekonomikuri SeTqmulebebi moawyon. am 

TvisebebiT isini aWarbeben ebraelebsac ki, romelTac SemoqmedebiTi 

fantazia somxebze metad aqvT ganviTarebuli. 

am mxareSi Tavidan navTobmrewvelobis pionerebi rusebi 

iyvnen, magram aqauroba maleve datoves, radgan maT ar See- 

ZloT somxuri meTodebiT gamdidreba da somxebis meTodebiT 

konkurentebTan brZola damnaSaveTa daxmarebiT, gaficvebiT 

da sxva binZuri intrigebiT. aTeul milionobiT saxsrebis 

Sovna Tvalis daxamxamebaSi SeiZleboda. guSindeli 

hambalebi, mzidavebi, mtvirTavebi, wvrili moxeleebi an, sulac, 

kontrabandistebi, „sakuTari xalxisagan“ miRebuli 

xazinidan naqurdali miwis mcire nakveTis wyalobiT ramdenime 

TveSi aTeulobiT im Cinovnikis mosyidvas axerxebdnen, 

romelTac siRaribe da sixarbe gonebas urevda, maT ar

276 277 

gaaCndaT materialuri mxardaWera da zneobrivi simtkice; 

daiwyo uTavbolo bakqanalia, romelic mzardi ZaliT dResac 

intensiurad mimdinareobs. 

iqauri rusi erovnebis momsaxureba didi xania damokidebulia 

somex mdidrebze. ar arsebobs arc erTi dawesebuleba, 

romlis gegmebi ucnobia somxebisTvis. didgvarovnebi 

dakabalebulebi arian somxebis veqselebiT, bankebi ki 

(saxelmwifo bankebis CaTvliT) mTlianad maT xelSia _ 

dawyebuli wvrili moxeleebidan, mmarTvelTa CaTvliT 

damTavrebuli. maT xelSia gazeTebic. 

ebraul gazeTebTan erTad, romlebic, TiTqos, Cvendami solidarobas 

amJRavneben, somxur gazeTebs saerTo isa aqvT, rom 

oriveni rusuli SriftiT ibeWdeba da oriveni mTlianad 

arian gamsWvalulni rusuli SemoqmedebiTi sawyisebis mimarT 

zizRiT. 

cenzurac ki, romelic movalea, obieqturi pozicia ekavos, 

somxebs aSkarad eloliaveba... 

aucilebelia, aRvniSnoT, rom ukanaskneli ocdaaTi wlis 

ganmavlobaSi germania sistematiurad muSaobs amierkavkasiaSi 

somxuri separatizmis gasaRviveblad; uamravi somxuri 

wre swored germaniaSia Tavmoyrili. tfiliss, berlinsa 

da miunhens Soris Cveni baltiispireli pangermanistebi 

xels uwyoben gacxovelebul moZraobas, raSic aqtiurad 

monawileoben fineli demagogebic. germaniis generaluri Stabis 

oficrebi, arqeologebis nadirobis moyvarulTa da turistebis 

egidiT, mniSvnelovani jgufebiT Camodian amierkavkasiaSi. 

niSandoblivia isic, rom germanuli universitetebis 

kursdamTavrebuli inteligenti somxebi mudmivad mtroben 

ruseTs da Tvlian, rom kavkasiaSi dasaqmebuli germaneli 

mosamsaxureebi gansakuTrebiT mfarveloben somxebs. 

zemoT aRniSnulis gamo berlinis traqtatis Semdeg somxebi 

avtonomiis miRebis politikur ocnebaSi CaiZirnen, magram 

ara parazituli, aramed ramdenime myari avtonomiisaTvis 

aucilebelia bevrad Tu naklebad erTiani teritoria. 

rogorc 1897 wels gamoqveynebuli safrangeTis sagar- 

eo saqmeTa saministros dokumentidan irkveva, TurqeTSi am 

avtonomiis Seqmnis safuZveli ar yofila da arc iqneba. me- 

2 gverdze aRniSnulia: „sxvadasxva tomTa ganTavsebis Rrma 

analiziT dadgenilia, rom TurqeTis arcerT vilaieTSi 

somxebi ar warmoadgenen mosaxleobis umravlesobas. amasve 

adastureben kavkasiaSi moZiebuli statistikuri masalebis 

safuZvelze generaluri Stabis oficrebi generali zelenoi 

da polkovniki karcevi“. miTiTebuli dokumentis me-12 

gverdze TurqeTis sulTnis karze safrangeTis elCis, baton 

kambonis werilSi ministr ganotosadmi naTqvamia, rom 

damoukidebel somxeTze saubaric ki zedmetia da, Tu daujerebeli 

pirobebiTac ki evropa SemogvTavazebs somxeTis Seqmnas, 

praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia am axali saxelmwifos farglebis 

gansazRvra. 

igive batoni kamboni iuwyeba, rom TurqeTSi mimdinareobs 

aqtiuri propaganda somxuri janyisaTvis, romelsac 

amzadebs inglisi. diarbeqiris frangi vice-konsuli ki 1894 

wlis 5 oqtombris SetyobinebaSi aRniSnavs, rom am saqmeSi 

aqtiuradaa CarTuli tfilisi. ai, ras wers vice-konsuli 

batoni merie Tavis ufross: „amboben, rom moZraoba didi 

xnis win moamzada sazogadoebam „hnCaki“, romlis mmarTveloba 

amJamad tfilisSi imyofeba, adre ki londonSi da ainaxSi 

(igulisxmeba miunxeni _ mTargmneli). instruqciebi ki, TiTqos, 

am sazogadoebis brZanebebs emorCilebian“. 

SeiZleba naTqvams davumatoT, rom somex revolucioner- 

Ta meore jgufi, saxelwodebiT „droSaqi“, e.i. „droSa“ gaer- 

Tianebulia imave saxelwodebis gazeTis irgvliv, romelic 

dResac arsebobs. igi qveynis miRma gamoicema, magram „droSaqistebi“ 

kavkasiaSi sakmaod mravlad arian. 

safrangeTis elCis rig SetyobinebebSi, romlebic gamsWvalulia 

somxebisadmi simpaTiiT, batoni kamboni miuTiTebs 

sisastikiT gamorCeul politikur mkvlelobebze, romlebic 

somxuri revoluciuri komitetis wevrebma da maTma daqiravebulebma 

Caidines. me gadavamowme faqtebi da davrwmundi, 

rom somexTa meti wili ar TanaugrZnobs revolucias da

278 279 

mxolod TurqeTis somexTa mcire nawili Tanxmdeba masSi 

monawileobaze, isic _ TavianTi Tavkacebis SiSiT. TurqeTidan 

ltolvili bevri somexi aRiarebda, rom isini ruseTSi gamoiqcnen 

ara Turqebis, aramed TavianTi teroristebis SiSiT. 

miTiTebul wignSi aRniSnulia, rom uamravi areuloba 

organizebuli iyo TviT somxebis mier. zogjer isini Tavad 

esxmodnen Tavs Turqebsa da qurTebs, raTa gamoewviaT somexTa 

masobrivi xocva-Jleta. am areulobaTa dawyebis win, romelic 

gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT gamoirCeoda, konstantinepolis 

„otomanTa banakSi“ dinamitebiTa da bombebiT Sevardnilma 

somxuri revoluciuri komitetis wevrebma oficialuri notis 

saxiT ganucxades baton kambons, rom somxebma gadawyvites 

„msoflio demonstraciis“ mowyoba da komiteti pasuxismgeblobas 

moixsnis Tavidan, Tu maT saqmeSi policia Caereva. 

Semdgomi manifestaciisas upirvelesad somxebi xocavdnen 

policielebs da Jandarmeriis oficrebsac ki. swored es 

aRmoCnda somexTa saSineli xocva-JletisaTvis mTavari biZgi, 

romlis gaxsenebamac ki ar SeiZleba adamians Jruanteli 

ar mohgvaros (igulisxmeba TurqeTSi 1902 wels mowyobili 

somexTa pirveli genocidi. meore genocidi 12 wlis 

Semdeg moewyo _ mTargmneli). miTiTebuli wignidan Cans, rom 

somexTa xocva-Jletis sababi TavianTi qmedebebiT swored 

somexma revolucionerebma warmoqmnes, rom inglisis elCi 

da konsuli yvelanairad cdilobdnen am faqtis gazviadebas, 

ruseTisa da safrangeTis elCebi ki did politikur taqts 

iCenden politikuri intrigebis msxverplTa da gamxecebuli 

Turqebis mimarT. 

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Cveni sagareo saqmeTa ministris, 

generaluri da dauviwyari Tavadis lobanov-rostovskis 

damsaxureba, romlis SorsmWvretelobisa da udreki nebis 

wyalobiT ruseTi ar aRmoCnda CarTuli uazro omSi. es 

swored man Searyia, magram ver amoZirkva rusuli diplomatiis 

usafuZvlo Sexeduleba somxobaze, rogorc Cvens megobrul 

da saimedo dasayrden Zalaze sparseTsa da, gansakuTrebiT, 

TurqeTSi. mas kargad esmoda, rom saWiroa ruseT- 

TurqeTis urTierTobis axal fazaSi gadayvana. kerZod, Cven 

unda davifaroT Turqebi ucxoelTa eqspluataciisa da maT 

saqmeSi Carevisagan, samagierod ki mivaRwioT qristianTa 

xvedris Semsubuqebas aRmosavleTSi, da, rac mTavaria, gavamyaroT 

Cveni mdgomareoba sruteebze. gansxvavebuli azris 

mqone mxareebi ekopwiavebodnen TurqeTis somxebs, mxars 

uWerdnen ildioz-kioskis gaborotebas Cvens da, saerTod, 

slavianebis mimarT da, amasTan erTad, iribad mxars uWerdnen 

somxuri tomis hegemonias kavkasiaSi. 

kavkasiaSi rusebica da somxebic aRSfoTebas gamoTqvamdnen 

aTasobiT adamianis daRupvis gamo (genocidis dros 

TurqeTSi _ a.u.), Tumca isic aRsaniSnavia, rom Zalze agdebulad 

moixsenieboda „musulmanuri religiuri fanatizmi“. 

yvelaze naklebad dazaraldnen TurqeTSi mcxovrebi berZnebi, 

kaTolikebi da somexi kaTolikeebic ki, bevrad ki _ 

somexi grigorianelebi. safrangeTis konsuli 1896 wlis 

25 ianvars trapizonis vilaieTSi mowyobili genocidis 

Taobaze werda: „vidre xalxis masobriv xocvas daiwyebdnen, 

sofel giumiuS-xaneSi musulmanebi Segrovdnen soflis moedanze. 

maT somxebi gamoacalkeves sxva qristianebisagan da es 

ukanasknelebi gverdze gaiyvanes, raTa ar areodaT winaswar 

gansazRvrul msxverplSi. mxolod Semdeg daiwyes somxebis 

xocva.“ gasagebia, rom am SemTxvevaSi Turqi fanatikosebi 

daundoblad ebrZodnen somxur-grigorianul da somxurrevoluciur 

organizaciebs, romlebic safrTxis qveS ayenebdnen 

ara mxolod vilaieTebis mosaxleobas, aramed mTlianad 

TurqeTis saxelmwifoebriobasac ki. magram yvelaze 

TvalSisacemi am istoriaSi gaxlavT is faqti, rom TurqeT- 

Si mcxovrebi somxebis sicocxles safrTxe Seuqmnes TviT 

somexma bobolebma da maTma damqaSma politikanebma» [20]. 

9. 9. 9. „usircxvilos „usircxvilos Tu Tu ar ar arcxven, arcxven, baZviT 

baZviT 

morcxvic morcxvic gaurcxvdebis”. 

gaurcxvdebis”. 

qarTvelTa gasomxebis procesi XIX s. bolosa da XX s. 

pirvel meoTxedSic grZeldeboda. amis dasturad mogvyavs

280 281 

cnobili qarTveli moRvawis, i. varTagavas monaTxrobi: «1916- 

1917 saswavlo wels TbilisSi komerciuli saswavlebeli 

daarsda. erT weliwads saswavlebelSi Semovida vinme norakiZe, 

imereTidan. dokumentebis gadasinjvis dros aRmoCnda, rom 

mas dabadebis mowmobaSi ewera-grigoriani ariso. aman administracia 

daainteresa. daibares da kiTxes norakiZes _ 

qarTvelia Tu somexi. man ganacxada, rom qarTvelia. „maS, 

rad giweria dabadebis mowmobaSi, rom grigoriani xaro?“, _ 

ekiTxeboda isidore (isidore kostava _ saswavleblis erTerTi 

xelmZRvaneli). mowafem jer verc ki gaigo, Tu raSi 

iyo saqme, SemkrTali RimiliT imeorebda: „qarTveli var, 

imereli, me arc ki gamigonia, ra aris grigorianio“. ymawvili 

ded-mamiT oboli aRmoCnda. „qarTul eklesiaSi dadixar Tu 

somxurSio?“ _ ganagrZobda isidore dakiTxvas. „qarTul- 

Sio, CvenSi sad aris somxuri eklesiao“, _ upasuxa ymawvilma. 

es sakiTxi administraciisTvis bneli da gaugebari dar- 

Ca... norakiZem daiwyo swavla, saRvTo rjuli pirvel sagnad 

iTvleboda. am sagans norakiZe, sanam komerciul saswavlebelSi 

Semovidoda, rusulad swavlobda dabal klasebSi (marTlmadideblurad). 

aq ki „mamam“ (nagulisxmevia saswavleblis 

xazinadari somexi dekanozi – a.u.) moiTxova, rom norakiZes 

saRvTo sjuli somxur enaze eswavla, rogorc „grigorians“. 

mowafem ki erTi sityvac ar icoda somxurad. miSin 

administracia kompromisze wavida: sanam saqmis viTareba 

danamdvilebiT gamoirkveodes, norakiZe gaeTavisuflebinaT 

saRvTo rjulis swavlebidan. amaze araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar 

daTanxmda „mama“. is moiTxovda, rom norakiZe daswreboda 

mis gakveTilebs. administraciam daavala norakiZes „mamis“ 

gakveTilebze daswreba. is jer ver garkveuliyo, raSi iyo 

saqme: davalebas asrulebda, magram „inCi-binCi“ ar gaegeboda, 

gakveTilebze ra keTdeboda. bolos es tragi-komedia imiT 

damTavrda, rom norakiZem Tavi daaneba saswavlebels, _ mis- 

Tvis da yvela CvenTvisac gaurkveveli iyo, Tu rogor da vin 

Cauwera qarTvel bavSvs dabadebis mowmobaSi sityva „grigoriani?!~ 

(i. varTagava, mogonebebi, II, 1962, gv. 343-344). 

imereTSi XX s. damdegs somxuri mosaxleoba imis measedic 

ar iyo, rac aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. raRa iqneboda aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSi... 

zaqaria WiWinaZe, imowmebs ra gamoCenili somexi mwerlis 

rafis, igive akof meliq-akofianis (1835-1888) sityvebs, SemaZrwunebel 

ambavs gvauwyebs: „erT qarTvels Tavads qaRaldis 

TamaSobaSi 150 komli qarTveli waugia, es mougia erT 

mdidar somexs“ (z.W. „qarTvelebi konstantinopolSi da 

sparseTSi~, 1990, gv. 62). ra Tqma unda, msgavsi xvedris 

qarTvelebs grigorianobaze moqceva da gasomxeba ar ascdebodaT» 

[12]. 

iliasa da akakis droindeli qarTul-somxuri paeqrobakamaTis 

amsaxvelia Semdegi amonaridi: «qarTvelTa da saqarTvelos 

saxelgamtexTa Soris „sapatio“ adgili ukavia grigol 

eremias Ze arwruns, romelmac TbilisSi umaspinZla safrange- 

Tis gazeT „Temps“-is korespondents, baton kutulis. am 

ukanasknelma arwrunisagan miRebuli qarTvelTa makomprometirebeli 

cru informacia mTel evropas mohfina. arwrunis 

informaciiT aRWurvilma korespondentma kutulim mTeli 

evropis gasagonad iyvira: „warsuli qarTvelebisa sruliad 

unugeSo suraTs warmoadgens; momavali kavkasiaSi somxebs 

ekuTvnis da mis mezobel, sulierad da xorcielad Ronemixdil 

qarTvelebs sxva ara darCeniaT ra _ an unda gasomxdnen, 

an somxebs ymad emonono“. arwrunis zRaprebiT moxibluli 

kutulis fantaziam somxebs 30 milionamde gazrda 

uwinaswarmetyvela amierkavkasiaSi kaspiidan Sav zRvamde 

qarTvelebis, azerbaijanelebis da rusebis Semcirebis xarjze. 

gazeT „qarTul wignSi“ gamoqveynebul „arwrunis aRsasrulSi~, 

kamaTis sagnis da mizezis gareSe, calmxrivad, tendenciurad, 

akakis utaqtobaze usafuZvlo miTiTebiT aris 

gaSuqebuli akaki wereTelsa da grigol arwruns Soris 

kamaTis finali. kamaTis mizezi iyo is, rom arwrunma gamosca 

somxeTis ruka, sadac qarTuli teritoriebic iyo Setanili 

goris mazris CaTvliT. amis Sesaxeb mkacri sayve

282 283 

duris Sedegad gaficxebulma arwrunma akakis miaxala: „Sen 

ra gesmis, mTeli somxeTis sve-bedi am kiserze mawevso“, 

razec enamoswrebulma akakim misTvis Cveuli oxunjobiT 

upasuxa: -„mjera batono, somxeTi kiserze da ararati zurgze 

gadgia, meti raRa ginda, bednieri yofilxaro“, rac arwrunma 

Tavis kuzze dacinvad miiRo da ganawyenda. 

rogorc didi ilia brZanebs, Cven somxebis araviTari 

Rirseba, araviTari sikeTe ar gvSurs, piriqiT, Tu sikeTe da 

raime Rirseba aqvT, is CvenTvis sanatrelia da ara Suris 

sagani, amitom somxebis arwruniseuli qeba-didebis Cxreka 

ar aris saWiro, magram arc is SeiZleba, rom SevniRboT da 

davmaloT misi oinbazoba, orpiroba da calguloba zed 

liberalizmis wminda kalTis gadafarebiT, radgan „usircxvilos 

Tu ar arcxven, baZviT morcxvic gaurcxvdebis“. 

liberaloba da mamuliSviloba visame wyenis SiSiT tyuilis, 

oinbazobis, TaRliTobis, TvalTmaqcobis da yovelgvari 

namusaxdilobis malva, xelis wafareba da Selamazeba ki ar 

aris, aramed yovelive amis mxileba. ara saqarTvelos istoriis, 

awmyosa da momavlis mlanZRvelis pativiscema, aramed 

misi saxis SeuniRbavad da Seulamazeblad warmodgena. visame 

maameblobis mizniT qarTveli eris mZagebeli pirovnebis 

dadebiTad warmodgena, sulmnaTi ilias sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, 

farisevlobaa, melaturobaa, qvemZromobaa, soroSi Tavis 

SeZvrenaa, kudisa ki _ gareT darCena. aseTi ram ar ekadreba 

i. WavWavaZis saxelobis erovnuli biblioTekis gazeT 

„qarTul wigns“, mis redaqcias, redaqtors, am gazeTis xsenebuli 

masalis avtorebs, romlebTanac garkveuli piradi simpaTia 

da pativiscema makavSirebs. swored es maiZulebs, 

piruTvnelad mivuTiTo daSvebul Secdomaze imis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rom es Secdoma im friad saSiSi tendenciis 

Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis nayofic movimkeT dakarguli 

afxazeTisa da samaCablos separatizmis poziciaze myofi 

sxva regionebis, sulierad da politikurad daqveiTebuli 

da damcirebuli saqarTvelos rwmenis Seryevis safrTxis 

qveS myofi qarTvelebis saxiT... » 15]. 

amgvarad, didi somxoba saqarTveloSi ori saukunis win 

daiwyo, «roca ruseTis imperiaSi Segnebul qarTvel kacs 

xmali waarTves da yanwi daakavebines xelSi. maSin aravis 

gaxsenebia daviT aRmaSeneblis STagoneba imis Taobaze, rom 

qveynis gaZliereba unda moxdes „ara mwvanilobiTa zeda“..... 

saqarTvelos moqeife TavadTa rixiani simRerebi azanzarebda. 

am bolo dros ki Cveni samxreTeli somexi mezoblebi 

gaZlierebiT swavlobdnen rusul enas; ruseTis ukidegano 

imperiaSi TandaTan epotinebodnen sarfian Tanamdebobebs da 

momgebian bizness; agrovebdnen fuls, raTa Semdeg orTaWalis 

baRebSi aeSenebinaT saroskipoebi da restornebi. es 

gaxldaT saqarTvelos daSla-dacemis „genialuri“ gegma, radgan 

swored am saroskipoebsa da restornebSi xarjavdnen qarTveli 

Tavadaznaurebi sakuTari miwebis yidva-gayidviTa da dagiravebiT 

miRebul fuls. swored maSin iyides Calis fasad 

fuliT modarajebulma somxebma TiTqmis mTeli goris mazra, 

duSeTis mosavliani miwebi, TviT ajameTis tyec ki, romelic 

viRac „ovebis“ sakuTrebad iqca. am tyis unikaluri nawili 

_ urTxmelis koromi, romelic ramdenime aTeul heqtarze 

iyo gadaWimuli, axalma patronebma gaCexes da merqani woniT 

gayides safrangeTSi, radgan am xes verafers aklebs zRvis 

iodi da igi Seucvlelia gemebis furnituraSi. urTxmelis 

nadgomze sxva xe ar amodis da male zestafonis mimdebare 

teritoriaze gaCnda kidev erTi Waobi _ qarTuli gularxeinobis 

simbolo. 

pirvelad sulmnaTma iliam daarisxa zarebi, roca „qvaTa 

RaRadiT“ daanaxa qarTvel ers sakuTar sxeulSi aRmocenebuli 

simsivne. mis mier Seqmnilma qarTulma saadgilmamulo 

bankma SeaCera qarTuli miwebis gaflangvis procesi da gaakotra 

uamravi araqarTveli miwaWamia da beltiylapia. gakotrebulTa 

Soris iyo gazeT „mSakis“ gamomcemeli, yovelive 

qarTulisa da saqarTvelos didi moZule, grigol 

arwruni. igi xels uwyobda saqarTvelos ngrevis process. 

samwuxaroa, rom dRes saqarTveloSi Cvens gverdiT cx

284 285 

ovroben qarTuli miwebis ylapvis msurveli sxva erisa da 

sxva religiuri aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebi. Cven isini 

Tavi Tavi V 

V 

maTTvis istoriuli Znelbedobis Jams miviReT, vumaspin- 

ZleT, davapureT, CavacviT, davasaxleT, amis sanacvlod ki 

miviReT somxuri diasporis mier mdidrulad gaformebuli 

daSnakebi daSnakebi da da neodaSnakebi 

neodaSnakebi 

wigni friad uxamsi saTauriT „Cemi javaxeTi“. frTxilad, 

1. 1. 1. daSnakebis daSnakebis memkvidre memkvidre neodaSnakebis 

neodaSnakebis 

qarTvelebo, frTxilad!» [15]. 

ZiriTadi ZiriTadi samizne samizne javaxeTia 

javaxeTia 

didi SeSfoTebiT vadevnebT Tvals, Tu rogor mimdinareobs 

amJamad daSnakuri ideologiis aRorZineba, romlis ZiriTadi 

mizania teritoriebis miTviseba. daSnakebis mtacebluri 

mzeris qveS saqarTvelos sakmaod didi miwebi iyo moqceuli, 

neodaSnakebis interesTa areali ki, ZiriTadad, samcxe-javaxeTiT 

SemoizRuda. 

daSnakuri ideologiis aRorZinebis „mecnierul“ safuZv

286 287 

lebs qmnian mecnierebad wodebuli is somexi moRvaweebi, 

romlebic memkvidreobiT agrZeleben Cveni qveynis teritoriisa 

Tu kulturis xelyofas, misi istoriis gayalbebas, _ Tu 

praqtikulad, Tu Teoriulad, _ sxvadasxva wignebsa da naSromebSi. 

qarTvelTa mimarT somexTa umadurobisa gamo gvinda 

SevaxsenoT da vkiTxoT somxebs: «rodis iyo qarTveli xalxi 

sxvis teritorias, sxvaTa miwis nayofs epotineboda zogier- 

Ti mezobeliviT. am mxriv arc qarTveli mecnierebi da mwerlebi 

Sxamaven SovinizmiT TavianTi eris sulsa da gonebas 

daSnaki mecnierebiviT. isini somex xalxSi aRviveben „didi 

somxeTis~ aRdgenis avadmyofurad akviatebul ideas. Tavian- 

Ti mecnieruli SromebiT xels uwyoben, agreTve, agresiul 

separatizms javaxeTSi. vekiTxebi maT: ra aucilebeli mizezis 

gamo gaxda saWiro ZirZveli qarTuli miwis _ javaxeTis _ 

rukis gamocema somxur enaze da misi ufasod, proklamaciis 

saxiT darigeba javaxeTis somxur mosaxleobaSi? pasuxi naTelia: 

am rukiT javaxeTis somxuri mosaxleobis cnobierebaSi 

separatizmis damkvidrebas uwyobT xels da mis propagandas 

eweviT. aRaras vambobT javaxeTis e.w. avtonomiis ukanono 

moTxovnis Sesaxeb. b-ni muradiani (zemoT ukve moxseniebuli 

daSnak mecnierTagani-a.u.) wers: „qarTvelma istorikosma unda 

gaacnobieros javaxeTis somxebis umniSvnelovanesi misia _ 

kedlis aRmarTva saqarTvelosaken wamosuli mtris winaSe, 

rogorc adgili hqonda, magaliTad, 1918-1920 wlebSi~. 

etyoba, batoni muradiani ar icnobs profesor SoTa lomsaZis 

vrcel monografias _ „mesxebi~ (1997 w.). masSi dokumentur 

masalebze dayrdnobiT naCvenebia, Tu ra „kedeli~ 

aRmarTes somxebma saqarTveloze wamosuli Turqebis SesaCereblad. 

1918 wels saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis 

mZime mdgomareobiT isargebles axalqalaqis samazro 

komitetSi mokalaTebulma daSnakebma, gamoitanes dadgenileba 

da axalqalaqis mazra erevnis gubernias SeuerTes. marTalia, 

general-gubernatorma Salva maRlakeliZem es usamarTlo da 

unamuso dadgenileba gaauqma da samarTali aRadgina, magram 

Ralatis faqti xom samudamod darCa. ai, rogori somxuri 

„kedeli~ aRimarTa maSin ZnelbedobaSi Cavardnil qarTvelTa 

dasacavad. kargi, es iyo aTeuli wlis winaT. xolo afxaze- 

Tis omSi bagramianis batalionma, somexma boevikebma lomis 

wili rom daides qarTvelTa genocidSi, yvelas kargad moexseneba. 

presis saSualebiT mivmarTe erevnel mwerlebs da 

mecnierebs, ufro zustad, somxeTis mweralTa kavSirs, xma 

aemaRlebinaT da daegmoT somex boevikTa vandalizmi afxazeTSi, 

magram am mimarTvas aravin gamoxmaurebia somxeTidan. 

mousmineT afxazeTidan ltolvil, saqarTvelos saxalxo 

artists, parlamentar dimitri jaians _ `rac somxebma afxazeTis 

omis dros Caidines, gaugonari sisastike iyo. aqamde 

gaCumebulebi viyaviT, gvindoda mezobluri urTierToba ar 

gagvefuWebina. albaT, dadga dro, yvelaferi iTqvas~» [25]. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, neodaSnakebis mzera, ZiriTadad, javaxeTiskenaa 

mimarTuli. amitomacaa aqcenti gadatanili am ZirZveli 

qarTuli miwis istoriis gayalbebaze, rac dResac didi 

mondomebiT mimdinareobs. wina TavebSi Cven sakmaod visaubreT 

javaxeTSi somxuri mosaxleobis gadmosaxlebis, eTnikur 

qarTvelTa Seviwroeba-gandevnis (SeiZleba iTqvas _ genocidis), 

miwebis, kulturul naSTTa, taZrebisa da saeklesio 

qonebis datacebisa da gasomxurebis, qarTvelTa gasomxebis 

Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, gvsurs, kidev erTxel SevexoT am 

sakiTxs da aRvniSnoT, rom dResac somexTa mier javaxeTi 

xelaRebiT somxur teritoriebad cxaddeba, xolo masze arsebuli 

xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebi – somxurad. 

neodaSnaki mecnierebi mondomebiT iRwvian da istoriis 

arnaxuli gayalbebiT cdiloben, Seqmnan Teoriuli da politikuri 

safuZvlebi, aseve, moamzadon somexi mosaxleobis cnobiereba 

imisaTvis, rom moxdes javaxeTis saqarTvelodan mowyveta 

da iq prosomxuri avtonomiis Seqmna, rac, faqtobrivad, 

am ZirZveli qarTuli miwis somxeTTan mierTebas niSnavs. 

«aRiarebs ra s. karapetiani (wina TavebSi xsenebuli rukacnobaris 

avtori-a.u.) qarTl-kaxeTsa da imereTSi somxebs mosulebad, 

samagierod, samxreT saqarTveloSi, e. i. javaxeTSi maT 

ZiriTad, mkvidr mosaxleobad Tvlis. amgvari mecnierebi aqezeben

288 289 

erevnidan organizacia „javaxqs~ da mis eqstremistul wevrebs 

avtonomiis mosaTxovnad im motiviT, viTom isini ZirZveli qarTuli 

miwis _ javaxeTis aborigenebi arian da a. S. 

javaxeTSi axlad Camosaxlebuli viTom mkvidri somxebi 

carizmis mier gandevnil aborigen qarTvelTa aSenebul Zvel 

eklesiebs uceremoniod daepatronen da miisakuTres, rasakvirvelia, 

maTi qarTulobis kvalis ganadgurebis Semdeg. am amazrzeni 

saqcielis Sesaxeb auarebeli masalaa gamoqveynebuli gasuli 

saukunis qarTul presaSi. 

movixmob rus sasuliero moRvawes: „somex xalxs kavkasiis 

administracia (carizmi_b.a.) yovelTvis met upiratesobas 

aZlevda qarTvel xalxTan SedarebiT. amis wyalobiT TiTqmis 

mTeli saqarTvelo somxebs CauvardaT xelSi. TurqeTidan 

saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebulma somxebma daikaves samcxes, bor- 

Calos, axalqalaqis, axalcixis mazrebi. isini saSinlad aviwroebdnen 

qarTvelebs. rusulma biurokratiam, nacvlad imisa, 

siyvaruliT da simarTliT hqonodaT guli avsebuli, imitom, 

rom qarTvelebma rusuli arwivis frTebis qveS nebayofilobiT 

Seafares Tavi, maT xarbi eqspluatatorebi _ somxebi 

Seusia. am saqmeSi winaswar Cafiqrebuli mizani amoZravebdaT 

_ xelovnurad daemsxvriaT qarTvelTa da Turqul_TaTruli 

warmoSobis xalxTa kompaqturi masa da amgvarad SeeqmnaT 

TiTqosda saWiro upiratesoba adgilobriv aborigenebze. 

axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebi, romlebic imJamad zemo 

qarTlis guls warmoadgendnen, somxebis dasaxlebis Semdeg 

qarTvelebisaTvis dakarguli aRmoCnda. aseulobiT gadarCenili 

taZari da monasteri _ qarTveli xalxis saukunovani 

simdidre, aTasobiT naxevrad iavaryofili sofeli wilad 

xvda viRac ucxo mosulebs (somxebs_b.a.), maT xelT igdes 

qarTveli xalxis erovnuli poetis SoTa rusTavelis sam- 

Soblos saukuneobrivi avla-dideba. qarTveli marTlmadideblebis 

rusifikatorebi amravlebden somxur skolebs da 

megobrobdnen somex magnatebTan da mRvdelTmTavrebTan“ (n. 

durnovi, qarTuli eklesiis bedi, gaz. „qarTuli maxvili~, 

1988, 4-10 aprili). 

am bolo xanebSi somexma mecnierebma Zalian TviTdajerebiT 

daiwyes mtkiceba somexTa „aborigenobis~ Sesaxeb javaxeTSi. 

Tumca isini ZiriTadad 1829-1830 wlebSi arian mosulebi am 

ZirZvel qarTul miwaze! ai, saiT umiznebs karapetiani, sazogadoeba 

„javaxqi~ da mis zurgs ukan mdgomi daSnakuri partia! 

somxur da ucxour enebze gamodis gamocemebi, absurduli 

rukebi, romlebSic aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, samcxe-javaxeTi 

da baTumi somxeTis sazRvrebSia moTavsebuli. erTi sityviT, 

maniakalurad akviatebuli „didi somxeTis~ aRdgenis ideas 

unergaven TavianT xalxs s. karapetiani da misi msgavsi mecnierebi. 

ar iqneba urigo, gavixsenoT daSnakuri partiis beci 

politikis Sedegad 1915 w. milionnaxevari somxis gaJleta 

TurqeTSi. istoriis mware gakveTilebis gaTvaliswineba zedmeti 

ar iqneba, karapetiano... „somxuri civilizaciis~ damangreveli 

qarTveli xalxis gulmowyalebiT iqneba kidev mogixdeT 

sargebloba... Tqveni yalbi mecnieruli propagandis Sedegi 

Tvalwinaa, daSnakurma organizacia „javaxqma~ amave saxelwodebis 

gazeTis 1998 wlis 20 agvistos nomerSi gamoaqveyna 

„javaxqis~ avtonomiuri respublikis konstitucia-proeqti» 

[25]. 

samvel karapetians arc misi Tanamemamule, somxeTis mecnierebaTa 

akademiis istoriis institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli, 

politologi aleqsandre qananiani CamorCeba Tavisi statiiT 

_- „javaxq: Seucnobelia gzani istoriisa~, romelic erevnis 

rusulenovan gaz. „novoe vremiaSi~ (2002, 5 noemberi) gamoqveynda. 

«al. qananiani acxadebs: „somxeTisgan gansxvavebiT, qarTuli 

istoriografia „mdidaria~ javaxeTis Temisadmi miZRvnili 

naSromebiT~. es daboRmili kacis naTqvami ufroa, vidre gonebadamjdari 

mecnieris azri. esec araferia imasTan SedarebiT, 

rasac Semdeg wers _ „imis aucileblobam, rom javaxqi nebismieri 

xerxebiT miekuTvnebinaT qarTuli eTnokulturisaTvis, 

qarTveli mecnierebi aiZula, sabWoTa periodSi aTeulobiT 

tomi gamoecaT istoriis, arqeologiis, arqiteqturis darg- 

Si. maTSi Segnebulad aris ugulvebelyofili somxuri ni

290 291 

Sati javaxqis teritoriaze. es mxolod uaryofa rodia 

mravalricxovani somxuri jilagis am miwaze mosaxleobisa, 

aramed am kuTxeSi Sua saukuneebis somxuri kulturis Zeglebis 

aRmaSfoTebeli ignorireba gaxlavT~. 

al. qananiani javaxeTSi marto somxur toponomikas xedavs, 

viTom, qarTuli ar iyos. Tu mainc aris aqa-iq, umniSvnelo 

raodenobisas „imetebs~ somexi avtori. arada, faqtiurad, 

aris piriqiT da es bunebrivicaa _ qarTul mxareSi, pirvel 

rigSi, qarTuli toponimi iqneba da Semdeg ucxo. aq toponim- 

Ta 90 procenti qarTulia, danarCeni ki aris somxuri, berZnuli, 

Turquli da sxva. enaTmecnierebi javaxur toponimiaSi miu- 

TiTeben zanuri enis nakvalevs. isini fiqroben, soflebSi: 

WobareTi, toloSi, orxofia, miraSxani, koruSeTi, kvarSa, burnaSeTi, 

xaloSeTi, aresati, baraleTi, janjaRa, orjaRa, CunCxa, 

oldani, oloda, eStio da sxva, Semonaxulia kvali uZvelesi 

zanuri saxelwodebebisa. javaxeTis gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenil 

arqeologiur masalaSi naTlad Cans kolxuri brinjaos 

kvali. javaxeTSi dadasturebulia rogorc das. qarTuli, 

ise aRm. qarTuli kulturis damaxasiaTebeli brinjaos nivTebi. 

erTi sityviT, javaxeTis brinjaos xanis arqeologiur 

masalas, pirvel rigSi, naTesauri paraleli eZebneba mxolod 

da mxolod qarTulTan. 

al. qananianis tendenciuri midgoma javaxeTis istoriis 

sakiTxebisadmi imdenad aSkara da TvalSisacemia, rom, ubralod, 

survilic ki gekargeba masTan mecnieruli kamaTisa. igi, 

ubralod, javaxeTTan TiTqmis yvela problemas yovelgvari 

motivaciis gareSe, sakuTari survilisamebr wyvets. e. i. gamodis 

_ raxan qananians ase surs, amitomac_„istoriuli wyaroebi 

(?!) (romeli wyaroebi?_b.a.) mowmoben, rom javaxqi somexi 

eris genezisis arealSi Sedioda. qarTuli eTnikuri elementebis 

SeWra javaxeTSi uZveles droSi xdeboda, umTavresad, 

qarTveli mesaqonleebis saxiT~. 

aqve vityviT: qananiani ar aris pirveli, vinc javaxeTis 

miwis somxurobas amtkicebs. ai, magaliTad, 1829-1839 wlebSi 

mefis ruseTis nebiT, generalma paskeviCma erzrumis somxoba 

gadmoasaxla javaxeTSi (40 aTasi ojaxi). maT win mouZRoda 

episkoposi karapeti (bagratuni). roca moaxalSeneTa pirvelma 

nakadma javaxeTis qarTul miwas fexi daadga, karapet episkoposma 

samjer miwas joxi dahkra da sTqva _ „Cemi xalxi 

somxuri miwidan mSobliur miwaze movidao~. am episkoposma 

Zalian bevri gaakeTa javaxeTis miwaze somxebis dasamkvidreblad 

da yovelgvari ZirZveli qarTulis amosaZirkvad. dRes 

ki javaxeTis somxobam isargebla qarTvelTa rbili raindizmiT 

da qarTvelTa mtris, episkopos karapetis ZegliT 

„daamSvena~ axalqalaqi!.. 

akad. n. berZeniSvilma 1933 wels samecniero mizniT moawyo 

eqspedicia samcxe-javaxeTSi. eqspediciis dros igi yoveldRe 

werda dRiurebs. sadac aRniSnavs, javaxeTis somxuri 

mosaxleobis udier, ufro sworad, mtrul damokidebulebas 

am mxareSi arsebul qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebisadmi. moaqvs 

araerTi faqti, Tu rogor angrevs zogierTi somexi qarTul 

eklesiebs, spobs qarTul epigrafikas da a. S. „ciliswamebiT~ 

aRSfoTebuli al. qananiani wers _ `mTavari is aris, 

rom niko berZeniSvili yovlad usafuZvlod sdebs brals 

adgilobriv somxur mosaxleobas qarTuli warwerebis Segnebulad 

dazianebaSi. Tumca epigrafikaSi odnav Caxeduli 

adamiani, rom araferi vTqvaT mecnierze, unda mixvdes, rom 

umravles SemTxvevaSi aseTi faqtebi Zeglebis „dazianebisa~ 

ganpirobebulia droiT da bunebis stiqiiT; da im ramdenime 

SemTxvevis gamo, roca adamiani „Seuracxyofs~ Zegls, usafuZvlod 

unda daabralo yvelaferi somxebs?!~. aqedan gamodis, 

rom ara marto niko berZeniSvili ver arCevda, esa Tu is 

qarTuli Zegli adamianis xeliTaa dazianebuli Tu bunebis 

stiqiis ZaliT, aramed am saqmeSi ver erkveodnen eqvTime TayaiaSvili, 

iv. rostomaSvili, iv. gvaramaZe, g. boWoriZe da sxvani. 

am „uvicobis~ mizeziT, Turme, akad. n. berZeniSvili javaxeTis 

qarTuli Zeglebis Tavs damtydar mTel ubedurebas 

somxebs miawers. aseT absurdamde mivida al. qananiani sakvlevi 

Temisadmi subieqturi damokidebulebis gamo. mesmis, 

qananiani Tavis jiSsa da jilags icavs samarcxvino saqcielis-

292 293 

agan, magram dacvac aris da dacvac _ igi ususuri argumentebiT 

cdilobs, namusi mowmindos javaxeTSi mcxovreb somxebs. 

aq ar Cerdeba qananiani da cdilobs, kanSi gaZvres, raTa 

zogierTi javaxeli somxis danaSauli gaaqarwylos. amitom 

gadawvda javaxeTSi mcxovreb musulmanebs da qarTuli Zeglebis 

ganadgureba maT gadaabrala. amasTan dakavSirebiT ar 

iqneba zedmeti, icodes qananianma, samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebi 

musulmanebi qarTul istoriul Zeglebs, misi Tanamemamuleebisagan 

gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT moridebiT epyrobodnen. 

mivyveT al. qananians, romlis „braldeba~ akad. n. berZeniSvilisadmi 

aRniSnuliT ar amoiwureba. ai, isic, „niko berZeniSvili 

mxolod qarTuli siZveleebis ganadgurebas rodi gvabralebs. 

1933 wels javaxeTSi yofnisas mas xan antiqarTuli 

ganwyoba elandeba (ar ekadreba axalgazrda qananians 

gansvenebuli qarTveli mecnieris ase udierad moxsenieba _ 

b.a.), xan antisabWoTa SeTqmuleba. misi eqspediciis dRiurebi 

mSvenieri saxelmZRvanelo iyo ÍÊÂÄ-saTvis (gasuli saukunis 

30-ian wlebSi ase ewodeboda saxelmwifo uSiSroebis 

komitets _ b.a.). patriotulad ganwyobili ganaTlebuli 

javaxelebis fizikurad gasanadgureblad avtori soflebs 

da ojaxebsac ki asaxelebs, sadac mas (mxolod imitom, rom 

is qarTvelia?!) lukmapuri da wyali daukaves, da atarebs 

azrs, rom aseTi adamianebis mimarT aucilebelia zomebis 

miReba~. 

gawiwmatebuli al. qananiani tyavSi Zvreba, Tvistoms namusi 

mowmindos, magram al. qananianma Tu icis, rom ufrosma Tanamemamulem 

akad. i. orbelma sacimbirod gawira akad. g. CubinaSvili. 

man qarTveli mecnieri saqarTvelos cekaSi daabezRa 

(es xom igive CekaSi „CaSveba~ iyo) da moiTxova konstituciis 

Sesabamisi muxliT misi dasja. es akad i. orbelma gaakeTa 

imitom, rom ar gamosuliyo akad. g. CubiniSvilis cnobili 

wigni _ „jvris ti pis Zeglebi~. 

b-n ivanes (iv. javaxiSvils – a.u.) „brals~ sdebs qananiani 

imaSi, rom 1918-1919 wlebSi saqarTvelo_somxeTis sasazRvro 

davis dros, TiTqos, araobieqturoba gamoiCina. mivyveT oponentis 

moxmobil faqtebs da argumentebs. man „absurduli~ uwoda 

iv. javaxiSvilis da qarTveli mecnierebis Semdeg Sexedulebas 

_ `somxebi pretenzias acxadebdnen saqarTvelos did nawilze, 

maT Soris, Tbilisis, goris, kaxeTis mimarT~. qananiani irwmuneba: 

„ar arsebobs arc erTi politikuri, Tundac programuli dokumenti 

somxuri mxaris, sadac gamoTqmuli iqneboda msgavsi 

pretenzia~. me minda Sevaxseno erTi dokumenti: germaniis damarcxebis 

Semdeg umweo dReSi Cavardnili osmaleTi safrangeTsa 

da ingliss daemorCila (1918 w). stambulsaA da amierkavkasiis 

respublikebSi ingliselebis da misi mokavSireebis saokupacio 

jari Semovida. somxeTis respublikis daSnakur mTavrobas da 

politikur wreebs didi somxeTis aRdgenis imedi gauCndaT: 

„damaxasiaTebelia, rom swored am dros, 1918 wels, stambolSi 

daibeWda somxeTis (viTomc istoriuli) fantastiuri (gamogonili-a.u.) 

ruka, romelic Savi zRvisgan kaspiis zRvamdea gada- 

Wimuli da samsunis odnav aRmosavleTiT mdebare adgilTagan 

xmelTaSua zRvamde aRwevs, da selevkiis CrdiloeTiT mdebare 

adgilTagan q. ardevilis odnav CrdiloeTiT mimavali xaziT am 

sruliad somxeTis sazRvari kaspiis zRvasTan mTavrdeba; baba-ba Tumi, Tumi, Tumi, axalcixe, axalcixe, TviT TviT mcxeTa mcxeTa da da da tfilisic tfilisic ki ki am am rukaze 

rukaze 

somxeTSiasomxeTSiasomxeTSia moqceuli moqceuli da da saqarTvelos saqarTvelos patara patara patara viwro viwro zolizoli- zoli- zoli- 

Ra Ra aqvs aqvs aqvs mikuTvnebuli~ mikuTvnebuli~ (xazgasma yvelgan Cvenia) („saqarTve- 

los sazRvrebi~ 1919). kargi, amas wers qananianis mier Serisxuli 

iv. javaxiSvili. magram dokuments, somxur rukas, sadRa 

wauxvalT. igi inaxeba somxeTis istoriis institutSi, erevanSi. 

mibrZandiT da naxeT masze somxeTis daSnakuri mTavrobis mier 

ganaxevrebuli saqarTvelo. es aris „absurdi~?... 

erevnis gazeT „erkir nairis~ (nairis qveyana) 1994 wlis 9 

seqtembris nomerSi gamoqveynda vrceli interviu somxeTis be- 

WdviTi sityvis da informaciis mudmivi komitetis TavmjdomaresTan, 

meruJan ter-gulanianTan. korespondentis kiTxvaze _ Tqveni 

sanukvari ocnebaa nairis qveyana da ras usurvebdiT gazeT 

„erkir nairis~ mkiTxvelebso, batoni meruJani pasuxobs: „gulaxdilad 

rom vTqva, „nairis qveyana~ CemSi vahan terianma

294 295 

daamkvidra da didxans mis mier Seqmnil samyaros Tavi ver 

davaRwie. ase rom, „nairis qveyana Soreuli ocnebaa~ (vaham terianis 

leqsis striqonia _ b.a.) da am ocnebas wmindad vinaxavdi 

gulSi. magram Semdeg ukve `nairis qveyanas~ realurad (praqtikulad) 

Sevxede. axla ki mesmis, Carencis _ `nairis qveyana~ 

aris is, rac amJamad gvaqvs, Cven gvekuTvnis. es miwa aris 30 

aTasi kv. km. mas unda miematos javaxqis (javaxeTis armenizebuli 

formaa javaxq. _ b. a.) da dasavleT somxeTi (TurqeTis 

somxeTi _ b. a.). „nairis nairis qveyana~ qveyana~ „Soreuli Soreuli ocneba~ ocneba~ iyo iyo iyo da da 

da 

iqneba, iqneba, magram magram ocneba ocneba ocnebad ocnebad ar ar unda unda darCes, darCes, radgan 

radgan 

viTareba viTareba SeiZleba SeiZleba SeiZleba ise ise Setrialdes, Setrialdes, rom rom Cveni Cveni kuTvnili 

kuTvnili 

nairis nairis qveynis qveynis dacva dacva dagvWirdes. dagvWirdes. dagvWirdes. amitom amitom yvelani yvelani erTad 

erTad 

unda unda viyoT viyoT _ _ ocneba ocneba rom rom (axdes) (axdes) aRsruldes~ aRsruldes~ aRsruldes~ (xazgasma 

(xazgasma 

Cvenia Cvenia _ _ _ b.a.) 

b.a.) 

eRiSe Carencs amofarebul baton mwerals da ministrs, karga 

gvariani mada gaRviZebia. Tumca originalobas ver daikvexnis, 

radgan 1919 wels stambolSi, DdaSnakebma dabeWdes rukebi, 

romlebzedac Tbilisi, mcxeTa, gori da baTumi somxeTis saxelmwifos 

sazRvrebSia moqceuli. 

axla msurs vkiTxo baton mwerals da ministrs, riT apirebs 

mezobelTa miwebis mierTebas? is xom dResaviT naTelia, rom 

arc erTi mezobeli nebiT goja miwas ar daTmobs. ZirZvel 

qarTul miwas _ javaxeTs _ visi an risi imediT gvarTmevs? 

javaxeTi, mesxeTi, tao, klarjeTi, SavSeTi _ es xom erTi qarTuli 

regionia da maTi mkvidrni aTadan-babadan qarTvelebi iyvnen 

da arian. magram erevanSi, da aramarto iq, t. maruTianis, s. 

karapetianis da p. muradianis msgavsi „mecnierebi moRvaweoben~ 

da maT mier SeTiTxnil alimaTias javaxeTis, taos, SavSeTis 

araqarTulobis Sesaxeb meruJan ter-gulanianisnairi somxebi 

udavo WeSmaritebad miiCneven. amgvar „vaimecnierTa~ damsaxurebaa, 

rom somexi mwerali ase uceremoniod acxadebs pretenzias 

da moiTxovs somxeTis sazRvrebis gadawevas da gafarToebas 

mezobel, kerZod, qarTuli miwebis xarjze. am azrs aseuli 

wlebis manZilze uCiCinebdnen somexi mecnierebi TavianT xalxs, 

moswavle axalgazrdobas da maTac yalbi azri Zval-rbilSi 

aqvT gamjdari. amden xans javaxeTis xelSi Cagdebaze Tu Cur- 

Culebdnen, axla saaSkaraoze gamovidnen, radgan fiqroben, am krizisul 

momentSi saqarTvelos iqneba raime wavglijoTo. am gaaqtiurebis 

Sedegia is, rom axalqalaqSi daixura erTaderTi 

qarTuli sabavSvo baRi da gaixsna erevnis universitetis filiali 

(?!). analogiuri faqtebis motana kidev bevri SeiZleba» 

[25]. 

2. 2. daSnakebis daSnakebis omi omi saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 

winaaRmdeg 

«1918 wels saqarTvelom da somxeTma damoukidebloba rom 

moipoves, qarTvel-somexTa urTierToba kidev ufro gamwvavda. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom somxeTis saTaveSi moeqca erovnuli xelisufleba 

_ daSnakcuTiunis partia, xolo saqarTvelos xelisuflebas 

Seadgendnen menSevikebi, internacionalistebi, marqsistplexanovelebi 

da maT erovnuli TiTqmis araferi ecxoT. amis 

mizezi isic iyo, rom ruseTma 1811 wels gaauqma qarTuli 

eklesiis avtokefalia, xolo somxurs avtokefalia SeunarCuna. 

amis Sedegad skolebSi qarTul enas TiTqmis aRar aswavlidnen, 

somxuri eklesia ki somxuri enis, somxeTis istoriis, kulturis 

swavlebas axerxebda. aseT pirobebSi, miuxedavad TurqeTSi 

1915 wels momxdari somexTa genocidisa, daSnakebma SeZles somexTa 

saomrad momzadeba qarTvelebisa da saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. 

noe Jordanias da ZmaTa misTa ki samSoblos siyvaruli arc 

Tavad emCneodaT da arc awyobdaT patriotuli suli qarTvel 

xalxSi gaZlierebuliyo, rameTu aseT SemTxvevaSi maT araerovnul 

xelisuflebas eri aRar moiTmenda» [21]. 

«1918 w. stambolSi „viTom istoriuli~ gamogonili somxuri 

rukis mixedviT gamovida sruliad somxeTis saxelmwifos 

axali ruka. yuradReba miaqcieT _ masze somxeTi TiTqmis imave 

istoriuli rukis sazRvrebSia warmodgenili. xazgasmiT unda 

iTqvas, rom somxeTis saxelmwifo am sididis arasdros yofila. 

XI saukunidan igi politikuradac aRar arsebobda. es 

rukebi, gansakuTrebiT meore, nuTu ar aris dokumenti somxeTis 

daSnakuri mTavrobis saqarTvelosadmi usazRvro da usamarT

296 297 

lo teritoriuli pretenziebisa? aqve minda vTqva _ zogi 

dokumenti qaRaldze rCeba da mis aRsrulebaze aravin fiqrobs. 

aq gamonaklisTan gvaqvs saqme, radgan somxeTis daSnakurma mTavrobam 

Tavi gamoiCina da somxur saxelmwifo rukaze moxazuli saqarTvelos 

teritoriis dapyrobas praqtikulad da operatiulad 

Seudga» [25]. 

«somxeT_saqarTvelos sazRvarze garTulebebi 1918 w. oqtombridan 

SeimCneoda, amave wlis dekemberSi ki somexTa jari 

omis gamoucxadeblad Semoesia saqarTvelos. Cveni qveynis menSevikuri 

mTavroba am brZolisTvis ar momzadebula. somxeTis 

mesveurebma SeZles saqarTvelos somxuri mosaxleobis ajanyebac, 

mimxrobac; Cvens qveyanaSi maT mexuTe kolonia Seqmnes da 

omis pirvel dReebSive Semouties saqarTvelos. somexTa jarma 

moaxerxa win wamoweva qarTul miwa-wyalze. somxebs miznad 

hqondaT dasaxuli naxevari saqarTvelos, kerZod, Tbilisis 

dapyrobac. imdroindel somxur rukebze swored naxevari 

saqarTveloa moqceuli somxeTis sazRvrebSi» [21]. 

somexTa daSnakuri mTavrobis jaris veraguli Semoseva 

«moxda inglisis saokupacio jaris ufros, general uofesTan 

Cumi SeTanxmebiT. inglisis mxardaWeriT gaTamamebulma somxe- 

Tis daSnakurma mTavrobam Tavisi sagareo saqmeTa ministris 

piriT saqarTvelos ultimatumi wauyena da mosTxova, qarTlis 

sazRvramdis ukan daexiaT. somxebi qarTlad goris mazras 

sTvlidnen. amdenad, es ultimatumebi gulisxmobda Tbilisis 

daclas. aq isev davimowmoT qananianisagan „dawunebuli~ iv. 

javaxiSvili: „es moTxovna zemoaRniSnuli somxeTis or rukaTagan 

yvelaze ufro fantastiuri, viTom istoriuli rukis sazRvrebis 

aRdgenas lamobda (stambolis konferenciaze TurqeTis warmomadgenelma 

erT wuTSi amxila somxuri rukebis siyalbe. es 

imdenad aSkara iyo, rom inglisis, safrangeTis warmomadgenlobam, 

miuxedavad maTi survilisa, somxebs mxari ver dauWira), 

somex politikosTa mada saqarTvelos wasarTmevad da dasakuTrebisaTvis 

aramc Tu ar daukargvinebia, piriqiT, gazarda kidec _ 

Zveli somxeTis viTomc istoriuli sazRvrebis aRdgena saqarTvelos 

da qarTveli xalxis xarjze undodaT, exla rom moxerx- 

ebuliyo~ (ivane javaxiSvilis arqividan, gaz. „lit. saqarTvelo~, 

1988, #34). 

daSnakurma mTavrobam gamoucxadeblad omi rom daiwyo saqarTvelos 

winaaRmdeg (1919), ovanes Tumanianis ramdenime Svili erevanSi 

CarCa; didma poetma Svilebs SeuTvala _ Tu monawileobas 

miiRebT qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg omSi, rogorc mSobeli, dagwyevliT 

da SegaCvenebTo!» [25]. 

WeSmariti somexisa da qarTvelTa megobris es sityvebi 

gviCvenebs imdroindeli movlenebis dramatulobasa da tragizms. 

samwuxarod, ovanes Tumanianisagan gansxvavebiT, Tbilissa 

da saqarTveloSi macxovrebel somexTagan mravali Ralatis 

gzas daadga da mexuTe kolona Seqmna. 

am movlenebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs qarTveli moRvawis, 1918 

w. movlenebis SuagulSi myofi ioseb imedaSvilis Txzuleba _ 

„ganaxlebuli sicocxle~, _ romelic 1919-1920 wlebSi daibe- 

Wda. «masSi, kerZod, saubaria TbilisSi somexTa erT-erTi Tav- 

Seyris Sesaxeb, romelsac somxuris mcodne erTi qarTveli mweralic 

eswreboda (iq myofma yvela somexma ar icoda, maT 

Soris qarTvelic Tu imyofeboda). somxebma pretenzia ganacxades 

Tbilisze. 

„ _gana istoriulad qalaqi Tbilisi qarTvelebis ar aris?_ 

ikiTxa qarTvelma mweralma. 

_romeli istoriiT? _ hkiTxa tigranma. 

_qarTvelebis sisxliTa da ofliT rom daiwera, _miugo 

qarTvelma mweralma. 

_ dRes ki istoria oqro-vercxlad iwereba... 

SexeT, Cveni (somxebiso_g. k.) Tbilisi rogor ivseba 

qarTvelebiT. 

somxebma unda movspoT qarTvelebi, radgan saqarTveloSi somex- 

Ta winsvlas eRobebian, xels uSlian! 

_ saqarTvelo unda mokvdes da mokvdeba kidec! _ sTqva 

tigranma~. 

aRniSnul krebaze kaxeTSi mcxovreb erT somexs ganucxadebia; 

„siRnaRisa da Telavis mazrebSi mofantuli somxebi saukeTesod 

arian mowyobilni, mTeli xalxi xelSi hyavT da, saiTac

298 299 

undaT, iqiT mouRrecen kisers.... iqac ki, saca viTom qarTvelebi 

gamgebloben, Cveni kacebi gvyavs SeCenili da Cvens uneblied erTi 

nabijic ver gadaidgmeba. swored amas unda mivaweroT, rom 

saqarTvelos jaris Sekreba savsebiT ver moxerxda....Cvenis amxanagebis 

CagonebiT qarTveli glexis Svilebi an ar Sedian samxedro 

samsaxurSi, da Tu rogorme Caiyvanes, tanisamoss Caicvamen, fexsamoss 

miiReben, iaraRs Caibareben da ukanve brundebian... 

Cveni agentebic muSaoben da xalxSi avrceleben MmTavrobisadmi 

zizRs~. 

qarTlSi mcxovreb somexTa warmomadgenels uTqvams: „socialdemokratiul 

partiis propagandistTa CagonebiT da Cveni mcdelobiTac 

xalxs amorecxili aqvs samSoblos siyvaruli da 

saqarTvelos saxeli. xalxi or banakad gavyaviT da erTi meores 

esisineba.~ 

terteras mouxsenebia krebisTvis: „karga xania, TiTqmis 

ocdaaTi weliwadi, rac mTel saqarTveloSi Cveni sjulis da 

gvar-tomis gamavrcelebeli sulis mamani davgzavneT... Cvenis 

terterebis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom saqmec kargad midis. 

bevr adgilas SegxvdebaT ded-mama namdvili qarTveli 

tetiebi, somxuri enis arc erTi sityvis mcodne, magram Svilebi 

ki somxur wes-rigze aRzrdili.... ra wuTsac mibrZanebT, maSinve 

Tavs davesxmiT Tbiliss da qarTvelebs mZinareebs amovwyvetT! 

_ daabolova rixianad, aRtacebiT terteram.~ 

Tbilisis sabWos xmosans, deputats, paron xaCos ganucxadebia: 

„dgeba momenti, roca somxis erma frTebi mZlavrad 

unda gaSalos Tavis farTe miznebis misaRwevad, ukeTes dros 

veRar naxavT, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis Seqmna jer kidev 

CanasaxSia, Tu movspobT axla, Tu arada, mere gaZneldeba~. 

i. imedaSvili ganagrZobs: „brZolis velze qarTvelTa razmis 

ufrosma oficerma ucabedad wamoiZaxa: 

_ Cvenma mTavrobam gagvyida, ueWvelad gagvyida! Torem sad 

gagonila ase upatronod mitoveba xalxisa, gxocavdnen, Sen ki ar 

SegeZlos pasuxis gacema. sad aris mamulis Rirsebis dacva? 

fui, amisTana naZrax sicocxles!”. 

poruCikma „korZaiam daxeda da naxa _ RamiT somxebs da- 

etitvlebinaT da SeebilwaT muxanaTur TavdasxmaSi daxocili 

qarTveli oficer-jariskacebi. agera, titlikana meomari, romelsac 

sasircxvilo aso moWrili aqvs da pirSi sCria... ager, 

cxvirmoWrilebi mTlad gatitvlebulebuli, ager SubiT TvalebCaTxrilni, 

ager, aso-aso akuwulni...~ 

RvTis madliT, mamuliSvilebi, eriskacebi im drosac sakmaod 

moiZebnebodnen qarTvelTa Soris. xalxic, rigiTi qarTvelebic 

aRaSfoTa somexTa veragobam da male qarTvelTa jari mazniaSvilis 

meTaurobiT Setevaze gadavida, somxebs ukan daaxevines 

(qarTulma jarma gamanadgurebeli Seteva ganaviTara da miuaxlovda 

erevans _ a.u.). am dros saqmeSi Caeria inglisi da omi 

Sewyda. inglisis moTxovniT lore-taSiri neitralur zonad 

gamocxadda. amiT safuZveli Caeyara lore-taSiris CamoSorebas 

saqarTvelosagan. 1921 wels bolSevikurma ruseTma moglija 

lore-taSiri saqarTvelos da somxeTs gadasca iseve, rogorc 

saingilo _ azerbaijans. 

ruseTis xelisuflebis antiqarTuli pozicia gasagebia, magram 

inglisi raRas gverCoda? saqme isaa, rom didi saxelmwifoebi, 

kerZod, inglisic, cdilobdnen Careuliyvnen TurqeTis 

imperiis saqmeebSi, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi somxebis sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. 

amas Sedegad mohyva somexTa genocidi TurqeTSi, somxeTs 

didma saxelmwifoebma ver uSveles. maSasadame, brali somex- 

Ta genocidSi inglissac edeboda. amasTanave, inglisi kvlav fiqrobda 

somexTa sakiTxis gamoyenebas TurqeTis imperiis gadanawilebis, 

am sivrceSi Tavisi gavlenis mopovebis mizniT. amitomac 

saqarTvelos xarjze inglisma moiwadina somxebis gulis mogeba. 

somxebi dRemde weren, rom 1818 wlis omSi Cven gavimarjveT, 

qarTvelebs Wkua vaswavleT, somxebis SiSi CavunergeTo. amiT 

istorias aSkarad ayalbeben, isev da isev Caagoneben TavianT 

Tanamemamuleebs, rom qarTvelebi arasrulfasovani xalxia. faqtobrivad, 

ersac ar warmoadgenen, gadaSenebis piras dganan da 

somxebma kvlav unda vifiqroT saqarTveloSi Cveni wilis miRebazeo» 

[21]. 

«daSnakebis mier wamowyebulma am ZmaTa sisxlisRvram somx

300 301 

eTs warmateba ver moutana. inglisis saokupacio jaris sardlobam 

SeaCera qarTuli jaris Zlevamosili svla da SuaSi 

Cadga. isic viciT, axla gamoCndnen somexi vai istorikosebi da 

„amtkiceben~, viTom, somexTa jarma Tbilisic ki aiRo da a. S. 

amgvari yalbi istoriebiT fons ver gaxvalT, xalxs TvalSi 

nacars nu ayriT, simarTles ver damalavT... xsenebuli somxuri 

daSnakuri e. w. istoriuli da saxelmwifo ruka aris erTerTi 

samarcxvino dokumenti qarTveli da somexi xalxis urTierTobis 

istoriaSi. 

axla vnaxoT, parizsa da san-remos konferenciaze ra pretenziebiT 

gamovidnen somexi daSnaki politikosebi _ 1919 wels 

somxeTis delegacia parizSi daJinebiT iTxovda somxeTis 

sakuTrebaSi samxreT saqarTvelos teritorias da imasac, rom 

miecaT misTvis Sav zRvaze gasasvleli. swored am dros daibe- 

Wda parizSi somxeTis saxelmwifo ruka, sadac mis sazRvrebSi 

moqceuli iyo mtkvris mTeli marcxena mxare gorisa da Tbilisis 

CaTvliT. 

„amierkavkasiis sakiTxi idga konferenciaze, romelic 1920 

wlis aprilSi Seikriba san-remoSi. Tavisi Zveli pretenziebiT 

kvlav gamovida daSnakuri somxeTis delegacia, romelmac moiTxova 

baTumis olqis nawili, saxeldobr, Woroxis mxare, raTa 

rkinigziT Sav zRvaze gasasvleli hqonoda. saqarTvelos delegacia 

win aRudga am ukanono moTxovnebs, gaaqarwyla maTi sabu- 

Tianoba~ (a. da p. surgulaZeebi _ saqarTvelos istoria 

(1783_1990 ww., gv.222. 223.). rogorc vxedavT, daSnakebs gvariani 

mada hqoniaT qarTuli teritoriebis misataceblad. maTze 

naklebi mada ar aRmoaCndaT somex bolSevik xelmZRvanelebs, 

romelnic sabWoTa periodSi analogiur daSnakur moTxovnas 

uyenebdnen saqarTvelos mTavrobas. pretenziis obieqti kvlav 

javaxeTi iyo. 

simarTle ar ainteresebs aleqsandre qananians, radgan misi 

„naSromis~ mizania ara simarTle javaxeTis istoriis Sesaxeb, 

aramed am simarTlis gayalbeba da, rac mTavaria, am mxaris somxurad 

gamocxadeba. magram amiT ar amoiwureba al. qananianis _ am 

XXI saukunis xanjianis _ daSnakuri agresiuli zraxvani 

saqarTvelosadmi. ase, xelis erTi dakvriT, javaxeTi miisakuTra 

Tavisi WkuiT, axla qvemo qarTls miadga da oriode striqoniT 

es problema „gadaWra~, ra Tqma unda, somxeTis sasargeblod _ 

„Crdilo aRmosavleTi gugarqi, boRnofori, qviSafori, wobofori, 

koRmofori, mangliacfori (anu dRevandeli saqarTvelos 

bolnisis, dmanisis, TeTriwyaros raionebi), praqtikulad, Turquli 

eTnikuri elementebiT aris dasaxlebuli. Tumca asobiT somxuri 

eklesia, mravali aseuli somxuri warwera (romelTa umravlesoba 

ukvalod gaqra XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTvel 

mecnierTa „kvlevis~ Sedegad) naTlad metyvelebs am teritoriaze 

mcxovreb ZiriTad eTnikur elementebze. yovel aT Suasaukunovan 

somxur eklesiaze (romlebic, faqtobrivad, ubralo nagebobebia, 

ubralo xalxis naSeni) erTi qarTuli eklesia modis _ 

didi da mdidruli. es kidev erTxel usvams xazs im garemoebas, 

rom qarTul eklesiebs saxelmwifo aSenebda, amkvidrebda ra 

somxur teritoriebze bizantiur marTlmadideblobas. miuxedavad 

yovelive amisa, daSnakebi mxolod somxebiT dasaxlebul 

javaxeTisa da lores mierTebas moiTxovdnen somxeTisaTvis~ 

jer erTi, qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis aseTi ricxobrivi 

Sefardeba qvemo qarTlSi saidan aiRo, wyaros ar asaxelebs; 

meorec, am amonaridis mixedviT kidev erTxel vardeba winaaRmdegobaSi. 

da, ai, ratom _ somxuri eklesiebis sada da sofluri 

nagebobani maT siZveles ki ar mowmobs, aramed siaxles. isini 

Sua saukuneebSi (amas qananianic ar uaryofs) qvemo qarTlSi 

somexTa masiuri migraciis Semdeg aaSenes. am didi migraciis 

mizezi cnobilia: Tundac is, rom bolnisis sioni aSenebulia V 

s-Si. mravlismetyveli faqtia wesieri istorikosisaTvis. am 

drosaa Sesrulebuli bolnisis uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi 

(480-493/494ww.) sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, marto es faqti 

mowmobs am miwis ZirZvel qarTulobasa da iq qarTuli xuroTmoZRvruli 

Zeglebis odiTganve arsebobas. 

„miuxedavad yovelive amisa, daSnakebi mxolod somxebiT dasaxlebul 

javaxeTsa da lores mierTebas moiTxovdnen somxeTisaTvis~. 

al. qananianis „miuxedavad yovelive amisa~, niSnavs _ 

marTalia, qvemo qarTli, tao-klarjeTi da a.S. wminda somxuri

302 303 

miwebia, magram daSnakebma ver gamoiCines principuloba da marto 

javaxeTi da lore-taSiris teritoriebi „mosTxoves~ 

saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas. 

ramdenad samarTliani iyo es „moTxovna~? 

qarTuli miwis _ lores _ somxeTisaTvis gadacemis istoria 

aseTia: roca somxeTis daSnakurma mTavrobam ganicada marcxi 

saqarTvelosTan brZolaSi, maSin gaformda saqarTvelosa da 

somxeTs Soris sagangebo SeTanxmeba. am SeTanxmebis ZaliT, bor- 

Calos mazris lores teritoria neitralur zonad gamocxadda. 

mis CrdiloeT nawilSi unda yofiliyo qarTuli jaris 

SenaerTi, samxreTSi ki _ somxuri. 

es SeTanxmeba, marTalia, daido, magram adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 

moiTxovda saqarTvelosTan SeerTebas. amis sabuTia 1919 

wels saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis saxelze Sedgenili 

lores mosaxleobis oficialuri mimarTva: „uxsovar dros mar- 

TlmorwmuneTa taZrebi, Zeglebi da sasaflaoebi, romlebic Cven- 

Si aqamde uvnebladaa daculi, ueWvod amtkicebs, rom lores 

samuslimano raioni mudam ganuyreli nawili iyo saqarTvelosi 

da am raionis mosaxleni burjad idgnen saqarTvelos sazRvrebis 

simtkicisaTvis. saqarTvelos mTavroba lores raions, ratom- 

Rac, viTomda, sadao teritoriad Tvlis saqarTvelosa da somxeTs 

Soris, rac Zlier damRupvel mdgomareobaSi gvayenebs. Cven 

tfilisTan varT dakavSirebulni ekonomiurad, politikurad, 

sulierad da yovelmxriv. amitom misgan CamoSoreba ar Segvi- 

Zlian. vTxovT saqarTvelos mTavrobas, yovelgvari zomebi miiRos 

Cvens dauyovnebliv saqarTvelos teritoriisaTvis misaerTeblad” 

(jaba samuSia _ „stalinma olqi dauTmo~ gaz. 

„jorjian taimsi~, 2003, #5). 

amgvari dokumentis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi nebismieri gonieri 

mTavroba daikavebda lores teritorias. es ar gaakeTa 

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam da aRebul 

valdebulebebs punqtualurad asrulebda. man lores sadao 

teritoria mxolod somxeTis daSnakuri mTavrobis TxovniT 

daikava 1920 wels. magram bolSevikuri ruseTis me-11 armiis 

mier saqarTvelos respublikis okupaciis dros _ 1921 wels, 

isargebles areulobiT da somexi bolSevikebi uceremoniod 

daepatronnen lores. amiT maT mada gaexsnaT da lores misakuTrebis 

Semdeg javaxeTs waepotinnen, magram, madloba RmerTs, 

es ar gamouvidaT. samagierod, amJamad cdiloben daSnakebi „Secdomis 

gamosworebas~ da javaxeTs kvlav miubrundnen. 

aq bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva _ dRes vis sWirdeba sakiTxis 

xelaxla wamoWra? _ ase daiwyes afsua da osma separatistma 

vaimecnierebma mtkiceba, imisa, rom isini mosulebi ki ar arian 

qarTul miwaze, aramed aborigenebi „brZandebian~. SeTxzes viTom 

mecnieruli istoriebi da sxva» [25]. 

daSnakuri omis gagrZelebad unda miviCnioT somex boevikTa 

monawileoba afxazeTis omSi. «paruir muradiani afxazeTSi bagramianis 

batalionis somexi boevikebis qarTvelTa genocidSi monawileobis 

gamarTlebas cdilobs saqarTvelos istoriidan motanili 

Semdegi faqtebi _ kaxelebi da qarTlelebi, imerlebi da 

gurulebi da sxvani erTmaneTs xom ebrZodneno. 

XIX saukuneSi TurqeTidan afxazeTis ZirZvel qarTul miwaze 

gadmosaxlebuli (Tu vin da rogor moaxdina motyuebiT 

maTi gadmosaxleba qarTul miwaze, amaze sxva dros) hamSenel – 

somxebis mier maspinZel, mSvidobian qarTvelTa sadisturi wamebis, 

xocva-Jletis da genocidis gamarTleba uzneoba da usindisobaaa. 

kidev ufro Sors midis muradianis Tanamemamule viRac 

haikazun alvrciani, romelic TavmowonebiT da siamayiT wers _ 

am omSi aseulobiT somexi dajildovda ordeniT da medliT; 

xolo 20 somex mebrZols mieniWa afxazeTis gmiris wodeba (ix. 

kreb. „mSobliuri javaxeTi~ 2002; gv. 383. beiruTi, somxur 

enaze). kargi, somexma boevikebma es boroteba Caidines brZolis 

dros, magram omis Semdgom periodSic galis raionSi mSvidobiani 

qarTuli mosaxleobis mimarT igive simxece da daundobloba 

gamoiCines _ danaSauls danaSauli daumates... 

afxazeTi saqarTvelosTvis igivea, rac somxeTisTvis yarabaRi, 

_ wers paruir muradiani. yarabaRi rusis xiStis wyalobiT 

somxeTma waarTva azerbaijans da TviTmarqvia respublikad 

gamoacxada. Tanac yarabaRi aris uZvelesi albanuri miwa. afxazeTis 

aneqsia ruseTma uceremoniod moaxdina, ZirZveli qarTu

304 305 

li miwa CamoaWra saqarTvelos da gamoacxada TviTmarqvia afxazeTis 

respublikad. ase, rom es Sedareba zusti ar aris. 

muradians „daaviwyda~ misi megobris Tu mowafis samvel karapetianis 

naSromi _ „Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïîëèòèêà Ãðóçèè è 

ïàìÿòíèêè àðìÿíñêîé êóëüòóðû (1988-1998)~, erevani 1998. 

naSromis SesavalSi galanZRulia, am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, 

ara marto sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patiarqi, 

ilia II, aramed saqarTvelos mTavroba da qarTveli xalxi. am 

miuRebel faqtze „simarTlismoyvare~ b-ni muradiani dums da 

Tavisi siCumiT eTanxmeba da amarTlebs Tavis mowafis Tu megobris 

s. karapetianis umsgavso saqciels. 

2002 wels beiruTSi gamocemul krebulSi _ „mSobliuri 

javaxeTi~ (haireni javaxq) moTavsebulia erevnis saxelmwifo 

samxatvro akademiis docent haikazun alvrcianis Sroma _ „afxazeTis 

somxuri Temi~. mas mecnieruli gamokvlevis pretenzia 

aqvs da, bunebrivia, sakmaod vrclad ganixilavs afxazeTis somxuri 

Temis istorias, rac, samwuxarod, araobieqturad aris warmodgenili. 

Tundac is faqti, rom h. alvrciani ar ganixilavs da 

TiTqmis dumiliT gverds uvlis XIX saukuneSi somxebis afxazeTSi 

Casaxlebis istorias, metyvelebs mis tendenciurobaze. 

Tu rogor dasaxldnen hamSeneli somxebi afxazeTSi, amis 

Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs iv. javaxiSvili: „XIX saukunis samociani 

wlebidan moyolebuli, ruseTis politikuri wreebi yovel Rones 

xmarobdnen, amierkavkasiaSi mosaxleoba gaerusebinaT. amave dros, 

ruseTi poloneTis garusebas cdilobda, magram rusi politikosebi 

darwmundnen, rom ar hyavdaT imdeni xalxi, gaswvdomodnen. 

swored am dros somexma moRvawem qananovma sakolonizaciod, 

Savi zRvis dasasaxleblad, somxebis gadmosaxlebis proeqti 

wamoayena. m. katkovma am azrs, rusi kolonistebis simciris 

gamo, mxari dauWira da politikuri da ekonomikuri mizniT 

mizanSewonilad miiCnia: `somxebi Cveni erTguli momxreebi iqnebian 

da, viTarca vaWari xalxi, Tan fulsac mogvitaneno~, - ambobda m. 

katkovi. am azrs, iseTi gavleniani rusi Savrazmelis dasturis 

Semdgom, rogoric katkovi iyo, mTavrobis adgilobrivi umaRlesi 

warmomadgenloba miemxro da dasaxlebas Seudga. somxebTan 

erTad germanelebis da estonelebis Camosaxlebasac mihyves xeli... 

qarTvelma mwerlebma da sazogado moRvaweebma sabWoTa periodSi 

(50-60-iani wlebi) gangaSi atexes somexTa farul migraciaze 

afxazeTSi, rasac farulad xels uwyobda sabWoTa 

somxeTis mTavroba. ase xdeboda afxazeTis ZirZveli qarTuli 

miwis ukanonod aTviseba. marTalia, gamoqveynda mamxilebeli 

werilebi, magram sabWoTa saqarTvelo kremlis SiSiT jer dumda, 

Semdeg sulac uaryo es faqti. axla h. alvrcianis naSromiT 

gairkva, rom maSindelma sabWoTa saqarTvelom Segnebulad damala 

somexTa maluli migracia afxazeTSi. ai, ras wers TviTon h. 

alvrciani: „aRsaniSnavia, rom am dros (50-60-ian wlebSi) somxeTidan 

da javaxeTidan uamravi somexi gadasaxlda afxazeTSi~. 

rogorc Cans, sabWoTa saqarTvelos maSindelma mTavrobam angarebis 

an skamebis dakargvis SiSiT miaCumaTa es saqme, kidev 

erTxel gamoamJRavna antierovnuli suliskveTeba, samagierod, 

sabWoTa xalxebis megobroba qarTuli miwebis gacemis xarjze 

„ganamtkica~. 

h. alvrcianis naSromis erT-erTi qveTavia _ „arcaxis (yarabaRis) 

moZraobis Semdeg~. ai, ras wers somexi avtori: `yarabaxis 

gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZolam axali sunTqva da axali 

suli Cabera afxazeTis somxur Tems, yarabaReli Zmebis dasaxmareblad 

Seiqmna sxvadasxva kavSiri. maT Tavi moiyares da 

gaerTiandnen kulturul-saqvelmoqmedo organizacia „krunkis~ 

garSemo. gamovida gazeTi „krunk~ (wero), romelmac ganamtkica 

kavSiri somxeTTan~. aqve SevniSnavT, rom „yarabaRelma 

Zmebma~ am daxmarebisaTvis afxazeTis Temis somxebs samagiero 

madloba imiT gadauxades, rom afxazeTSi ibrZodnen qarTvelebis 

winaaRmdeg da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes mSvidobiani qarTveli 

mosaxleobis genocidSi. amave dros, aseulobiT yarabaReli 

somexi `mebrZoli~ Caasaxles Turme qarTvel ltolvilTa 

saxlebSi, gagraSi. 

yovelive ra sabediswerod damTavrda qarTvelTaTvis, dRes 

yvela vxedavT. amitom dasawyisSive unda vamxiloT mecnierprovokatorebi 

- s. karapetiani, al. qananiani da maTi msgavsni. 

saaSkaraoze unda gamovitanoT da amovSanToT maTi avi zraxvebi

306 307 

da ar mivceT saSualeba, borotebis fesvma ixaros da weli 

wamoimagros. saqarTvelos Secdomis ufleba aRar aqvs!» [25]. 

3. 3. 3. neodaSnakebi, neodaSnakebi, anu anu anu _ _ _ Cveni Cveni Cveni drois drois drois daSnakebi daSnakebi 

daSnakebi 

amJamad mimdinareobs daSnakuri id ebisa da politikis aRorZineba 

javaxeTSi. am movlenasTan kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT pirvel 

TavSi aRniSnuli gasuli wlis noembris bolos Tbilisis saer- 

TaSoriso simpoziumze gakeTebuli isaxanianis moxseneba, saxalxo 

damcvelis, b-n subaris gamosvla saqarTvelos parlamentSi, 

am wlis dasawyisSi axalqalaqSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi 

da sxva. aSkaraa, somexTa warmomadgenlebi „neodaSnakizmis“ asa- 

RorZineblad iRwvian. 

«am ramdenime xnis win gamomcemlobam „saarqivo masalebi~ 

gamosca bukleti inglisur enaze saxelwodebiT `somxeTis 

politikuri da eTnikuri sazRvrebi 1878-1948~. mas erTvis 

ruka #9, romelic gadmobeWdilia 1919 wels frangul enaze 

gamocemuli wignidan „somxeTis respublika~... es dokumentebi 

aris somxuri erovnuli imedis memorialuri dafa. 

somxeTis politikuri da eTnikuri sazRvrebis (1878-1948 

ww.) aRniSul rukaze axalqalaqis da borCalos regionebi 

somxeTis farglebSia moqceuli da iqvea miTiTebuli mosaxleobis 

eTnikuri raodenoba. 1829-1830 wlebSi am ZirZvel qarTul 

miwaze mkvidr mcxovrebTa umravlesoba, TiTqmis 90%, qarTvelebi 

iyvnen. am mxareSi demografiuli balansi somxeTis sasargeblod 

ruseTis mefis mTavrobis veragulma politikam xelovnurad 

Secvala. 

ai, ratom aiRes rukis Semdgenlebma da, mogvianebiT, bukletis 

avtorma 1878 weli da ara 1829-31 ww. - is wina periodi. amiT 

maT javaxeTisa da misi mimdebare regionebis eTnikuri monacemebi 

daumales mkiTxvels. saqmeSi Cauxedavi inglisur da frangulenovani 

sazogadoeba irwmunebs am tendenciurad warmodgenil 

demografiul monacemebs, sadac somxebi mkvidr mosaxleobaze 

metni arian. 

niSandoblivi faqtia, bukleti, ruka _ „somxeTi: politikuri 

da eTnikuri sazRvrebi 1878-1948 ww.~ da mTeli masala miuRia 

saqarTvelos respublikis sagareo saqmeTa saministrosac. sagareo 

saqmeTa ministrs, Tavis mxriv, miumarTavs baton eduard 

SevardnaZisaTvis: „saqarTvelos prezidents, baton eduard SevardnaZes! 

batono prezidento: 

saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministrom miiRo inglisis 

erT-erTi gamomcemlobis („saarqivo gamocemebi~) sareklamo 

prospeqti. 

werils, rogorc nimuSi, Tan erTvis 1918 wlis ruka. am rukaze 

uxeSadaa damaxinjebuli somxeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris sazRvari. 

rogorc bukletis avtori cxadyofs, saqarTvelos teritoriis 

mimarT avtorebs kidev ufro farTo pretenziebi aqvT. 

mogexsenebaT, es pirveli SemTxveva ar aris, rodesac ama Tu im 

gamocemebSi arasworad aris naCvenebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebi 

da misi teritoria. principul sakiTxad migvaCnia, rom aseTi 

SemTxvevebi ar unda darCes reagirebis gareSe. 

dasasrul, saWirod migvaCnia, mivaqcioT Tqveni yuradReba im 

garemoebas, rom jer-jerobiT ver moxerxda saqarTvelosa da 

somxeTs Soris saxelmwifo sazRvris delimitacia da demarkacia. 

somxeTis mxare, samwuxarod, miuxedavad Cveni araerTgzis 

sityvieri da werilobiTi SeTanxmebisa, aWianurebs am metad 

mniSvnelovani samuSaoebis Catarebas. 

danarTi: Tanaxmad teqstisa 3 furclad. 

Rrma pativiscemiT irakli menaRariSvili~ (gaz. „saqarTvelos 

samreklo~ 1998, 17-23). 

am mimarTvaSi sagulisxmo da mravlismTqmeli erTi garemoeba 

ipyrobs yuradRebas. ministri xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos 

sagareo saqmeTa saministros sityvierad da werilobiT 

araerTxel miumarTavs somxeTis mTavrobisaTvis, magram dRemde 

dumiliT pasuxoben, rac aSkarad metyvelebs, rom somxeTis respublikis 

mTavrobas ar akmayofilebs saqarTvelo-somxeTis 

dRevandeli sazRvari da elodeba Sesaferis moments, Zireulad 

gadasinjos sazRvrebi, ra Tqma unda, Tavis sasargeblod. ar 

akmayofilebT, qarTvelma bolSevikebma ZirZveli qarTuli miwa 

_ alaverdi, lore, taSiri _ somxeTs rom miarTves. ician, javax

308 309 

eTis gadacema ar moxdeba molaparakebis gziT. amitom daSnakTa 

ocnebis ganxorcielebas ZaliT fiqroben, risTvisac mzad arian 

ruseTis wyalobiT. ai, es aris mizezi, rom dResac somxeTis 

mTavroba fexs iTrevs da sasazRvro molaparakebaze ar modis. 

axali damTavrebuli mqonda naSromi, roca xelSi Camivarda 

frangul enaze Sesrulebuli saproeqto naxazebis mTeli tomi, 

romelsac ydaze aweria: tasisis _ TanamSromlobisa da koordinaciis 

programa: meRri-erevani-gumri (yofili leninakani, b.a.) 

_ baTumis sagzao RerZis mSenebloba. 

proeqtSi aRniSnulia, rom am gzis gayvanas somxeTis respublikisaTvis 

sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs. masSi garkveviT aris 

miniSnebuli, rom proeqtis ganxorcielebiT, agreTve, dainteresebuli 

arian irani, Savi zRvis auzis qveynebi da dasavleT evropis 

calkeuli saxelmwifoebi. 

ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, proeqtis Sedgenisas saqarTvelos 

gzatkecilebis saministro saqmis kursSi ar yofila da 

mas aravin SeTanxmebia. magram, SeuZlebelia, ar iTqvas erTi dauzustebeli 

cnobis Sesaxeb: 1980-ian wlebSi gamoJona informaciam, 

TiTqos, maRalCinosan komunist funqcioners proeqtze 

Tanxmobis misaRebad ramdenime milion dolaramde SesTavazes. 

erovnulma moZraobam da Semdgomma movlenebma mis ganxorcielebas 

xeli SeuSala. am proeqtze kvlav xmauri atyda _ ramdenime 

wlis win presaSi gamoqveynda werilebi, sadac igi uaryofiTad 

iqna Sefasebuli (r. baramaZe). 

unda iTqvas, proeqtis realizaciis SemTxvevaSi moxdeba 

araqarTuli mosaxleobis kidev ufro mozRvaveba da dasaxleba 

am sagzao derefnis gaswvriv _ rasakvirvelia, Sesabamisi demografiuli 

matebiT.... dRes ki mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom 

ruseTis mier kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli somxeTi damokidebulia 

saqarTvelos sarkinigzo gzaze, rac mas akavebs da aiZulebs, 

ar gadaiWras sasicocxlo arteria da gaufrTxildes 

saqarTvelosTan urTierTobas, ase Tu ise, mezobloba SeinarCunos. 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT somxeTis respublikis saTaveSi 

saqarTvelosadmi istoriulad agresiulad ganwyobili daSnakebis 

partiis mosvlis SesaZleblobasac, maSin unda velodoT, 

rom isini gamoiyeneben uaxloesi warsulis gamocdilebas da 

yovelgvar Zaladobaze wavlen saqarTvelos mimarT. maT am e. w. 

derefnis wyalobiT (muRri-erevani-gumri-ninowminda-axalqalaqi-axalcixe-adigeni-baTumi) 

xel-fexi gaxsnili eqnebaT, Cven ki 

gagviWirdeba qmediTi sapirispiro faqtorebis amuSaveba. isic 

unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTma qarTvelema (b-n aslan abaSiZem) 

am proeqts mxari dauWira, razec ver daveTanxmebiT. es proeqti 

daSnakTa Zveli survilebis aRorZinebaa, kerZod: „1919 wels 

somxeTis delegacia parizSi daJinebiT iTxovda somxeTis 

sakuTrebaSi ecnoT samxreT saqarTvelos teritoria da miecaT 

misTvis Sav zRvaze gasasvleli. swored am dros daibeWda 

parizSi somxeTis saxelmwifo ruka, sadac mis sazRvrebSi moqceuli 

iyo mtkvris marcxena mxare gorisa da Tbilisis CaTvliT~. 

is, rasac ver miaRwies daSnakebma 80 wlis win, cdiloben, 

dRes ganaxorcielon. amis dasturia aRniSnuli sagzao proeqti 

_ muRri_erevani_gumri_ninowminda_axalqalaqi_axalcixeadigeni_baTumi. 

am mizans emsaxurebian javaxeTSi moqmedi partiebi 

„javaxq~ da „virq~. es organizaciebi sxvadasxva xerxiT 

cdiloben Zveli miznis asrulebas, rac gamoixateba jer javaxeTis 

avtonomiasa da mere mis somxeTTan mierTebaSi. sabolood, 

„mada WamaSi modis~ da „didi somxeTis aRdgenaSi~ (ix. akad. 

lendruS xurSudianis statia _ `somxeTis erovnuli ideologia: 

arsi da Sinaarsi~. masSi warmodgenilia „didi somxeTis~ 

etapobrivi aRdgenis gegma Zalis gamoyenebiT (gaz. „kavkasioni~ 

1999, 17-23 Tebervali). 

1998 wlis 12 agvistos axalqalaqis abulis mTaze saswavlo 

manevrirebisaTvis mimavali qarTuli jaris nawilebi oriode 

aTeulma SeiaraRebulma somexma ar gaatara da isinic iZulebuli 

gaxdnen, ukan gamobrunebuliyvnen. rogori saqmea _ ZirZvel 

qarTul miwaze guSindelma Camosulma xizanma qarTuli 

erovnuli jari ar gaatara. saqarTvelos televiziis erTerTma 

arxma gadmosca daSnakuri sazogadoeba „javaxq~-is erTerTi 

lideris, vinme ervand Sirianis interviu. `liderma~ daSnakebis 

mravalwliani mizani, ris Sesaxebac iv. javaxiSvilis

310 311 

zemoxsenebul statiaSia laparaki, daufaravad, pirdapir amcno 

sazogadoebas. man ganacxada: `moviTxovT avtonomias, somxebi 

mosulebi ar varT, odiTganve vcxovrobdiT javaxeTSi(?!)~. man 

somxuri enis raRac prioritetze ilaparaka da ganacxada: araviTari 

qarTuli jari aq ar iqneba. isini _ e. i. „javaxq~-is 

wevrebi da javaxeTis somxoba endoba iq mdgom rusis jars! 

...javaxeTis somxoba mxars gviWerso, `íàðîä çà íàìè~ da a. S. 

kidev meti, gazeT `javaxq~-is furclebze gamoqveynda e. w. javaxqis 

respublikis konstituciis proeqti. 

„konstituciis~ 31-e punqtiT _ „aravis, arcerT organos, ara 

aqvs ufleba, avtonomiur respublika „javaxq~-s dauSalos somxeTis 

respublikasTan ekonomikuri, savaWro, religiuri urTier- 

Toba~. e.i. formalurad ara, magram faqtiurad somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi 

aRmoCnda qarTvel winaparTa sisxliT morwyuli 

ZirZveli miwa da rusTavelis samSoblo. qarTuli poeziis dRe 

SemodgomiT somxeTSi unda vizeimoT, Tu nebas dagvrTaven. erTi 

sityviT, Tu es proeqti ganxorcielda da Sav zRvamde mivida, 

CaiZireba, naxevari ki ara, mTeli saqarTvelo. 

am dReebSi (2002 wlis marti) sainformacio saSualebebma 

aseTi cnoba gadmosces _ somxurma politikurma partia „virqma~ 

Seicvala saxelwodeba da mas ewoda „daSnakcuTiuni~. es 

faqti mowmobs imas, rom daSnakebma saqarTveloSi niRabi Camoixsnes 

da aSkara moqmedebaze gadavidnen. 

ise ki, etyoba, istoriis mware gakveTilebma daSnakebs Wkua 

ver aswavla da `didi somxeTis~ aRdgenas yarabaRis TviTmarqvia 

respublikiT da javaxeTiT cdiloben. isini am maniakur 

ideas Tavs axveven javaxeTis somxur mosaxleobas, romelTa 

umetesoba ar aris avtonomiis momxre. imedia, somexi eri gamoiCens 

Cveul sibrZnes da ar ayveba daSnakTa da mis msaxurTa 

usazRvro ambiciebs. daSnakebis partiis beci politikis Sedegi 

iyo somexTa tragedia, genocidi 1915 wels....» [25]. 

Tavi Tavi VI 

VI 

somexTa somexTa sarwmunoebisaTvis 

sarwmunoebisaTvis 

1. 1. 1. Seagonebdnen Seagonebdnen somexTa 

somexTa 

somexTa mwvaleblobaSi STavardnis 

Semdeg dapirispireba somxur da qarTul 

eklesiebs Soris mravalmxriv gansazRvravda 

am ori eris urTierTobebs. 

WeSmaritebis dakargvis kvalobaze somxeTma 

saxelmwifoebriobac dakarga. aseT 

pirobebSi, TiTqmis aTi saukunis man- 

Zilze, somexTa patronisa da gamaer- 

Tianeblis rols somxeTis eklesia asrulebda. 

amitom somxur-qarTuli urTierTobis 

axsna sarwmunoebrivi dapirispirebis 

niuansebis gaazrebis gareSe 

arasrulyofili iqneba. 

qarTvelT udaod esmodaT, raoden 

saziano iyo es dapirispireba, da mravali 

saukunis ganmavlobaSi Seagonebdnen 

da mouwodebdnen somxebs, dabrunebodnen 

WeSmaritebas _ marTlmadideblobasa 

da deda eklesias. amis naTeli 

dasturia qarTvelTa (marTlmadidebel- 

Ta) da somexTa (monofizitTa) saRvTismetyvelo 

dava, romlis iniciatoric wm. 

mefe, daviT aRmaSenebeli iyo. qarTlis 

cxovrebis mematiane ase aRwers am ambavs: 

«xolo Semokrba odesme winaSe 

mefisa naTesavi gularZnili, yovelTa 

borotTa somexTa episkoposebi da monasterTa 

maTTa winamZRuarni, romelni 

azmobdnen TavTa TvisTa miwevnad yov

312 313 

lisa swavlulebisa da mecnierebisa da moaxsenes, raTamca 

yos brZanebiTa misiTa kreba da yvesca sityvisgeba da gamo- 

Zieba sjulisa: ukeTu iZlivnes somexni, Tvisi sjuli SeaCvenon; 

xolo ukeTu sZlon somexTa, arRara gviwoddeTo mwvaleblad 

da arca SeguaCvenebdeTo. maSin mouwoda mefeman ioanes, 

kaTalikossa, da mis queSeTa episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa da 

arsens iyalToelsa, mecniersa berZenTa da qarTvelTa enaTasa 

da ganmanaTlebelsa yovelTa eklesiisaTa. da yves ukeTu sityvis-geba 

urTierTas ciskridan vidre mecxre Jamamde da 

veras uZles daboloebad. rameTu iyo orkerZove Zlevis moyvareba 

oden da cud sityuaTa paeqroba: rameTu Sevidian SeuvalTa 

saqmeTa safilofososTasa da Zniad gamosavalTa. Seewyina 

mefesa da rqua maT: „me Sors var mecnierebasa, viTarca 

mxedrobaTa Sina aRzrdili da yovlad msoflio, amisTvisca 

martivTa mier sityuaTa vezraxo Tquen“. ese ra Tqua, iwyo 

maTda mimarT sityuaTa Tqmad, romelsa RmerTi miscemda ueWvelad 

pirsa missa, esodenTa igavTa da saxeTa winadaudebda, 

axsnaTa sakvirvelTa da ucilobelTa, romliTa daanTqa, vi- 

Tarca megviptelni, da dauyo piri maTi da upasuxo yvna da 

yovlad usityuel, viTarca odesme didman basili aTinas Sina. 

ese mwvalebelni esreT yovlad uRononi yvna, romelTa 

aRiares cxadad Zleuleba Tvisi amisTa oden metyuelTa, vi- 

Tarmed: „Sen, mefeo, mowafe guegone amaT moZRuarTa TquenTa, 

garna, viTar vxedavT, Sen same xar moZRuari moZRuarTa, romlisa 

brWyalsa ver mimwuTar arian ege moZRuar sagonebelni 

Tquenni“. da esreT friad mabralobelni Tavisa Tvisisani 

miiqces sircxvileulni, arRaRa odes mkadrebelni amisni 

odesca». 

2. 2. petrosianni petrosianni da da ara ara grigorianni 

grigorianni 

somxuri sarwmunoeba ganekuTvneba mwvalebluri monofizituri 

swavlebis erT-erT saxeobas. monofizitebs sxvagvarad 

antiqalkedonitebsac uwodeben, raki es mwvalebluri 

swavleba uaryofs qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio krebis 

dogmats qristes ori bunebis Sesaxeb. monofizitebi, maT 

Soris, somxebi, TavianT Tavs „aRmosavleTis marTlmadide- 

blebsac“ uwodeben, xolo TavianT mwvaleblur eklesias – 

marTlmadideblurs, samociqulos. Ees aris TviTmarqvioba, 

vinaidan monofizitoba ewinaaRmdegeba marTlmadideblobas 

- wminda werils, wminda msoflio krebebsa da wminda mama- 

Ta swavlebebs. aseve, TviTmarqviobaa, rodesac mociqulTa 

swavlebis uarmyofeli mwvalebluri eklesia Tavis Tavs 

„samociqulos“ uwodebs. 

yovlad gaumarTlebelia isic, rom somxebi „grigorianebad“ 

iwodebian. niSandoblivia, rom es saxelwodeba rusebma 

XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi daamkvidres. grigoli iyo 

kapadokiis kesariaSi ganswavluli qristiani (dRevandeli 

gagebiT _ marTlmadidebeli). man Trdatis mmarTvelobis 

dros (gamefda 232 w.) somxeTSi qristianoba Semoitana, 

ris gamoc somxeTis ganmanaTleblis saxeli ewoda. magram 

oTxiode saukunis Semdeg somxeTis eklesiam uRalata grigolis 

swavlebas da mwvalebel petros mkawrvelisagan 1 

monofizituri mwvalebloba miiRo. amitom samarTliania, 

maT ara grigorianni, aramed petrosianni ewodoT. 

am „samarTlianobis“ arss rom CavwvdeT, gavixsenoT periodi, 

rodesac somxeTma, sparseTis zewoliTa da saku- 

Tari politikuri mosazrebebiT _ saxelmwifoebriobis 

SenarCunebisa da gaZlierebis imediT _ uaryo mociqulebrivi 

swavleba qristianobisa da monofizituri mwvalebloba 

miiRo. sparseTi ki somxeTis daxmarebiT cdilobda qarTvel- 

Ta gadayvanas monofizitobaze da am gziT bizantiasTan 

misi mokavSireobis moSlas. 

am dros saqarTveloSi moRvaweobda qarTlis kaTolikosi, 

kirion I (591-615), tomiT qarTveli, javaxeTis sofel 

skutridan, eriskacobaSi _ svimeoni, romelmac dawyebiTi 

swavla-ganaTleba mSobliur mxareSi miiRo, xolo farTo 

da Rrma ganaTleba _ bizantiaSi. ganswavlis Semdeg xuTi 

weli qorepiskoposad mjdara, Semdeg ki qarTlis sakaTalikoso 

taxti daukavebia. 

1 petros mkawrveli – antioqiis patriarqi petre knafevsi (V s.), 

monofiziti mwvalebeli.

314 315 

mwvave politikuri da religiuri brZolis dros kirionma 

ar uRalata qristes swavlebas, ar uRalata qalkedonis 

krebis dadgenlebas da mtkiced daicva mociqulebrivi 

swavleba, rac somxur eklesias Zalian ar moswonebia. 

amis Semdeg qarTuli da somxuri eklesiis gzebi 

sabolood gaiyara, xolo somxeTis kaTolikosma abraamma, 

mouwoda ra Tavis ers qarTvelebTan yovelgvari urTier- 

Tobis Sewyvetisken, ase damoZRvra: „sruliad ar eziaroT 

maT arc locvaSi, arc Wamasa da smaSi, arc megobrobaSi da 

arc dedamZuZobaSi, arc salocavad waxvalT jvarSi, romelic 

ganTqmulia mcxeTis midamoSi, arc manglisis jvarSi da 

nurc eklesiaSi miiRebT qarTvelebs, aramed qorwinebisaganac 

sruliad ganeSoreT, mxolod iyideT da miyideT, vi- 

Tarca uriebs“. 

niSandoblivia, rom saxelmwifoebriobis SenarCunebis 

imediT WeSmaritebis uarmyofelma somxobam VII saukuneSi 

jer damoukidebloba dakarga, xolo XI saukunidan vidre 

XX saukunis 20-ian wlebamde _ saxelmwifoebriobac, da 

mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi sxvaTa vasal-morCili iyo, maT 

Soris sxvadasxva dros da sakmao xnis ganmavlobaSi _ 

saqarTveloisac. 

kacobriobis istoriis mimwuxrze ki, antiqristes religiis 

– ekumenizmis (ukve _ panekumenizmis) _ gavrcelebis 

kvalobaze, sxvadasxva komisiebSi gaerTianebuli ekumenistebi, 

maT Soris _ marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, 

cdiloben antiqalkedonitebTan (da sxvebTanac) 

uniis (erTobis) SesaZleblobis azri daamkvidron. am adamianebis 

poziciidan gamodis, rom uniis uarmyofeli qristes 

eklesia mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi cdeboda, rom mravali 

Taoba wminda mamebisa da eklesiis maswavleblebisa, romlebic 

amxeldnen monofizitebs, iakobitebs, severianelebs 

da mis msgavsT, aseve cdebodnen. 

gana vinmes eWvi epareba, rom wminda mamebi arc goniTa 

da arc siyvaruliT Tanamedrove ekumenistebze naklebni ar 

iyvnen? piriqiT, rogorc WeSmariti mwyemsebi, isini yvelanairad 

cdilobdnen, rom Secdomilni marTal gzaze daey- 

enebinaT. mwvalebelTa mxileba, TviT anaTemas gadacema, rogorc 

Segonebis ukiduresi forma, swored rom am WeSmariti 

siyvarulis gamoxatuleba iyo. amis sapirispirod, religiuri 

Semwynarebloba, anu ganurCevloba, tyuilze agebuli erTobaa, 

romlis safuZveli RvTisgan ganSoreba da siyvarulis 

moklebaa. 

zemoTqmulis srulad gasagebad unda gaviazroT da gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom saqme gvaqvs ara filosofiur Teoriebsa 

da relativistur moZRvrebebTan, aramed marTlmadideblobasTan 

_ WeSmarit, sulis macxonebel moZRvrebasTan; 

vsaubrobT ara filosofiur-sofistur disputebze, aramed 

sulis gadarCenaze. Cven vacxadebT, rom wminda mamaTa swavlebis 

mizani da arsi iyo cxonebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa 

da ara _ filosofiuri Tu sxva saxis Teoriebis 

Seqmna. isini imisTvis ki ar ibrZodnen, rom vinmes azrs 

ezeima, aramed imisTvis, rom adamianebs cxoneba moepovebinaT. 

swored am TvalsazrisiT unda SevxedoT somexTa swavlebis 

mamxilebel teqsts, romelsac gTavazobT. Cven Segnebulad 

avarideT Tavi monofizitobis arsis warmomCen 

da mamxilebel rTul, saRvTismetyvelo msjelobas, ris 

mosasmenadac, SesaZloa, ar iyos mzad mkiTxveli. sanacvlod, 

gadavwyviteT, mogvewodebina ufro cocxali teqsti, ris 

SesaZleblobasac mixeil sabinaSvilis „saqarTvelos 

samoTxe” da sxva wyaroebi gvaZlevs. 

3. 3. somexTa somexTa swavlebis swavlebis mxileba 

mxileba 

werilebi, romlebsac gTavazobT, moamzada, Targmna an axalqarTulze 

gadmoitana q-nma mariam niaurma. manve mogvawoda 

isini Cveni wignisTvis, risTvisac did madlobas vuxdiT. 

vimedovnebT, Segnebuli mkiTxveli mixvdeba, rom somexTa sarwmunoebis 

mxileba Cvengan ara mtrobisa da siZulvilis gamoxatuleb 

a, aramed, rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT, WeSmariti siyvarulisa 

moyvasisadmi, romlis sulis gadarCena Cveni sanukvari ocnebaa.

316 317 

sityvisgeba sityvisgeba berisa berisa eqvTime eqvTime grZelisa grZelisa 

grZelisa 

sosTenis sosTenis mimarT mimarT _ _ somexT somexT moZRvrisa 

moZRvrisa 

bdnen rjulsa Cvensa da maTsa; xolo winaaRmdgomi misi 

veravin hpoves da aw eqvTimes imedi aqvT, rom Zlevs mas. 

ierusalimeli beri SeZrwunda, es rom gaigo _ pirvelad 

X s.-Si, bagrat V-is dros, 1046 w. 

Rrtilas krebaze, artanujSi, moxda somex 

monofizitebsa da qarTvel marTlmadideblebs 

Soris sarwmunoebis sakiTxebze 

sityvisgeba, romlis drosac qarTvelma 

moZRvarma eqvTime grZelma (ierusalimelma) 

sajarod ganaqiqa somex monofizitTa 

moZRvari sosTeni. am paeqrobis oqmebma 

Cvenamde moaRwia. igi gamosca mixeil sabinaSvilma 

wignSi „saqarTvelos samoTxe“. 

ucxoobisTvis da mermed ganumzadeblobisaTvis. da gamoisaxa 

jvaris saxe pirsa Tvissa da gulsa da emTxvia epistoles 

uflisas, romelic xeliTa TvisiTa miuwera avgaroz mTavars, da 

aRixila zecad gonebis Tvalni, sulTiTquna suliTa da Tqua: 

„ufalo ieso qriste, RmerTo Cveno, Tanaarso da Tanasworo 

mamisa da wmida sulisa Senisao, romelman gamouTqmeliTa gangebulebiTa 

SeniTa xorcxSesxmisa SenisaTa ganage cxovreba Cueni, 

romelman ubrZane qadagTa SenTa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mTavar- 

Ta: saxelisa CemisaTvis nu winaswar iwurTiT, viTarca ra sTquaT, 

anu ra sityva miugoT, rameTu mogce Tquen piri da sibrZne, 

romelsa ver uZlon winaaRmdgomad da sityvisa-gebad yovelTa 

RvTismsaxuri mefis, bagratis dros, Sedga kreba Rrtilas, 

romelic eriskacTa kreba ufro iyo, vinem samRvdelo. 

iyo vinme monazoni, naTesaviT somexi, maTi moZRvari da 

winamZRvari sjulisa, saxelad _ sosTeni _ kaci enamanqana da 

maTi gandrekili sarwmunoebisa da swavlaTa didadmcodne. 

erTxel igi, Cveulebisamebr, mivida bagrat mefesTan da zvaobiTa 

da ampartavnebiT daiwyo Tavisi sjulis qeba, xolo 

Cveni marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis gmoba da Zageba. imxanad 

aravin gamoCnda iq Zlieri sityvismgebeli misi. da, Tumc ki 

mravalma scada masTan paeqroba, magram imaTi swavla_moZRvrebis 

umecrebis gamo ver SeZles sosTenis winaaRmdegoba. maSin 

mefes urCia misma biZaSvilma daviTma, rom sxva veravin Se- 

Zlebda sosTenis sityvisgebas, garda eqvTime grZelisa, romelic 

imJamad ierusalimidan Casuliyo da anCis mTavarepiskoposTan 

imyofeboda, da kargs izamda mefe, Tu mas moixmobda. gaxarebulma 

mefem umal mouwoda anCis mTavarepiskoposs, raTa maT- 

Tvis waredgina ierusalimidan Camosuli beri eqvTime. 

mwuxrisas mTavarepiskoposi anCisa mama eqvTimesTan erTad 

winaaRmdgomTa Tquenda. da, aha, mivyav me sityvis sageblad samsjavrosa 

amas da ara uwyi, ra vTqva, anu rasa vityode, aramed Sen 

maswavle, hoi, saxiero, aRTqmisa Senisaebr utyuelisa da nu 

iyofin, viTarca umecrebisa Cemisa mier Seuracx iqmna simtkice 

marTlisa aRsarebisa Senisa winaSe urwmunoTa~. 

ase iloca berma mwvaleblebTan sityvisgebis win da Sevida 

da warsdga winaSe mefisa. mefem jerisamebr moikiTxa igi da 

ubrZana dajdoma wesisamebr. 

maSin amayad hkiTxa sosTenma mefes: 

_maS, es aris sityvismgebeli Cemi, romelic momiyvane?! 

_diax, namdvilad eg aris. _ upasuxa mefem. 

da kvlav nacvali ugo sosTenma mefes: 

_Tu aris vinme sjulismcodne, yvelas erTad mouwode, raTa 

yvela erTad, viTarca cocxiTa, movgavo, da maSin geuwyos Zala 

sarwmunoebisa Cvenisa da uZlureba Tqveni. da kidev amas vTxov 

Tqvens mefobas, raTa amgvari brZaneba gasce: ukeTu me mZlion 

Senma sjulismecnierebma, maSin SiSveli gamiyvanon Seni sasaxlidan, 

xolo, ukeTu me vZlio maT, maSin isini gaiyvanon Sengan 

movida sasaxleSi, xolo mefesTan wardginebamde eqvTime ber- 

ganZarcvulni da SiSvelni (igulisxmeba sasuliero Sesamoseli 

ma mTavarepiskoposis Zmisagan Seityo, rom somxeTis saxel- 

_ m.n.). 

ganTqmuli moZRvari sosTeni, Tavisi diswuliTa da mxle- 

qarTvelTa mefem ki yovliTa simSvidiTa miugo sosTens: 

blebiTurT, mefesTan imyofebodnen da winaSe mefisa gamoiZie- 

_saRmrTo sjulis da marTlis sarwmunoebis sityvisgebisas

318 319 

jerovnad ar mimaCnia saqme xumaraTa da mezobelTa da maxlobelTai; 

aramed yovliTa dawynarebiTa jer ars gamoZieba saRmrTo 

sjulisa da marTlis sarwmunoebis ganrCevad RuarZlisagan 

wvalebisaTa. 

maSin sosTens urCia mefis mwignobarTuxucesma, romelic maTi 

boroti mwvaleblobis Tanaziari iyo, marTlmadideblobis Sinaganmcemi, 

rom: wignTagan sityvisgebis dawyebamde, beri eqvTime 

cudi ram sityviT, saero da garewari metyvelebiT SeaSinos da 

gankicxos, radgan beri udabnoTa Sina iyo aRzrdili da iq iyo 

misi cxovreba, xolo kacobrivi sityvisgeba ara ra iciso; amasve 

CasCurCulebda gverdiT mjdomi misi diswuli. 

maSin amgvari sityviT mimarTa sosTenma ierusalimel bers _ 

eqvTimes: 

_ pirvelad msurs, mamao, gviTxra, Tu rogor moaRwie aqamde; 

anu ra gziT moxvel; gzas Sedgomilma pirvel dRes ra sazrdeli 

miiRe da dRis romel Jams isere, an sad daisvene, sad daide 

savane; anu ramden xans geZina RamiT, an Tu ifxizlebdi da ras 

fiqrobdi gzadmomavali?... 

berma eqvTimem miugo sosTens: 

_pavle mociquli ityvis: „odes-igi viyav yrma , vityode vi- 

Tarca yrma da Seracxil viyav, viTarca yrma , xolo odes viqmen 

mamakac, dauteve siyrmisa igi~. da rasac axla Sen ambob, magnairi 

mRereba siyrmeSive dauteve me; xolo aw Sen sruli asakisa xar, 

magram sityviT da gonebiT yrmeebri. magram me Sen cbieri da 

ganmryvneli sityviT ki ar gipasuxeb, aramed WeSmaritebiT: 

me jer pirvelad movdivar uflis aRdgomis wmida qalaq 

ierusalimidan, uflis Zmis _ wmida iakob mociqulis saydriTgan, 

da antioqiidan da romidan _ wmida petre mociqulTa Tavis 

saydridan da, merme _ aleqsandriidan wmida markoz maxareblis 

saydriTgan, da mermed _ konstantinepoliT da saydriT wmida 

ioane maxareblisa. am sapatriarqos saydarTagan movdivar da 

msoflio krebaTa marTali aRsareba miswavlia, mtkice da WeSmariti 

sarwmunoeba miswavlia da aw movsulvar, raTa vamxilo borotad 

madidebloba Tqveni; xolo Sen ar ici, saidan modixar. argianiT 

da marmaSeniT moxval da mogaqvs wvaleba nestorisa da sevi- 

rozisa da petroz mkawrvelisa, da ikadreb yvedrebad ersa Ru- 

Tisasa da winaganwyobad wmidisa marTlisa sarwmunoebisa. 

sosTeni SeaSina mama eqvTimes Zlierma sityvam da cota dautkba 

bers: 

_ Seminde, mamao, gancxromiT Tqmuli sityvisaTvis; axla ki 

aRsdeg, ganemzade da wamomideqi. amieridan me SegekiTxebi da Sen 

pasuxs gamcem. 

eqvTime ierusalimelma miugo: 

_ ara egreT ganago WeSmaritebaman RvTisaman, raTa marTlmadidebelni 

warvsdgebodeT mwvalebelTa winaSe, aramed Sen ufro 

gmarTebs warmosdge, viTarca gansakiTxavi da dasasjeli, da, 

rameTu esreT ars wesi, rom mefeni Tqvenni winaSe mefeTa CvenTa 

da mRvdelTmoZRvarni mRvdelTmoZRvarTa CvenTa winaSe warmosdgebian 

da SiSiT da ZrwoliT Tayvaniscemen; xolo, Tu ese ar 

gsurs, maSin visxdeT aq da mkiTxe da me mogago pasuxi. da iwyo 

eqvTime ierusalimelma warmoTqma marTlaRsarebis sarwmunoebisa 

erTarsisa da ganuyofeli samebisaTvis da wmida samebis 

meore piris _ Ze RmerTis _ gankacebisaTvis da masSi ori 

bunebis SeerTebisaTvis: ganuyofelad, ganuyrelad, Seurevnelad, 

uqcevelad, rogorc iqadaga winaswarmetyvelTagan da mociqul- 

Tagan gveuwya gancxadebulad da rwmena sofelsa da wmidaTa 

mRvdelTmoZRvarTa da damtkicda krebiTa msoflioiTa. 

da Seaxsena eqvTime grZelma somexTa moZRvars _ sosTens, rom 

isinic Tanaeziarebodnen marTlmadidebel moZRvrebas, vidre meoTxe 

msoflio krebamde, xolo mas mere, rac uRalates maT sakuTar 

mefes da somxeTis ganmanaTlebel wmida grigols, aRerien sparsTa 

Tana da dvinis saeklesio krebaze „dasCxabes gandrekili sarwmunoeba 

maTi..... da esreT aRasrules neba eSmakisa~. Semdeg mama 

eqvTime brals sdebs somxebs: „da uRalateT mefes Tqvensas, 

ganudeqiT berZnebs da SeuerTdiT sparsTa da gamarTeT kreba 

dvinSi da dasCxabeT gandrekili sarwmunoeba wvalebisa iakobitTa 

2 ... da getyviT kidev Tqvens wignebSi moxseniebul grigol 

2 iakobitebi _ igulisxmeba siriel da mesopotamiel monofizitTa seqta, 

romelic Camoayaliba iakob baradem (VI s) (ix. Òàëáåðã. «Èñòîðèÿ 

Õðèñòèàíñêîé öåðêâè» 2000; ñòð.176)

320 321 

somexTa ganmanaTeblis Sesaxeb, romelsac RmerTma winaswar gamoucxada 

cxovelsmyofeli sarwmunoebidan Tqveni gardaqcevis Sesaxeb, 

da, rom cxvrebi mglebad iqcevian da sxva cxovarT Seuteveno~. 

Semdgom mama eqvTime imowmebs somex qalkedonitTa _ marTlmadidebelTa 

paeqrobas monofizit somxebTan, romelsac somxebi 

patmoTins 3 uwodebdnen. 

somexTa moZRvari sosTeni patmoTinis xsenebam ganarisxa da 

SesZaxa: 

_ wyeul iyavn, romelmac gaswava Sen patmoTini da aRgWurva 

miT CvenTan sabrZolvelad! 

ierusalimelma berma ki warsTqva SeCueneba yovelTa erTbunebianTa 

da samwmidaos galobis SemryvnelTaTvis. 

_ wyeul iyav petroz mkawrveli, romelman gaswava xaCecari 

da ganwvala galoba samwmidaarsobisa. 

_ ratom aris mwvalebloba Cveneuli wesi?! 

berma miugo: 

_ werilTa Zalsa ver gulisxmayofT da friad scdebiT 

ugulisxmoebiT. magis Sesaxeb getyviT wmida werilis swavlebiT 

da wmida krebaTa mixedviT, romliTac mamebma friad 

SeaCvenes sityva ege Tqveni da gmobad Seracxes petroz mkawrvelis 

mier xelyofa samwmidao galobisa, romelmac locvas: 

wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, wmidao ukvdao, Segviwyalen 

Cven _ daumata: „romeli CvenTvis jvars ecvi~. da ganyo da 

calke daayena Ze RmerTi _ gvamovani igi Zali mamisa da calke 

_ jvarcmuli, TiTqosda ZlierTagan kidev sxva iyo vinme, anu 

vnebulad Seracxa ukeTurman man Zisa Tana mama da suliwmida.... 

warvedin mgmobari Tqveni moZRvreba da SeCvenebul iyavn...... 

Semdgom eqvTime ierusalimeli imowmebs wmida grigolis, 

wmida RmerTSemosili aTanasi da netari vasilis mowmobebs 

da ganumartavs, rom samwmidaobiT locva mxolod Zis mimarT 

ar aris gamoTqmuli, aramed wmidisa erTarsisa samebisaTvis 

iTqmis da rom wmida serabimni samgzis „wmidaoTi~ gvamc- 

patmoTini _ uwyeba, istoria; àvandagiri~ _ `gauwyebs gangebasa 

somxeTisasa wigni, romelsa ewodebis avangadiri, romel ars patmoTini~. 

noben sam hipostass _ yovlad arss RmrTeebisas, xolo 

saerTo sityviT _ ufali _ gvaZleven yovladwmida samebis 

erTiani arsisa da meufebis gulisxmisyofas.... beri Seaxsenebs 

sosTens saeklesio gardamocemas, romlis mixedviTac 

gansacdelis Jams zecadayvanili yrma damoZRvres angelozebma 

samwmidao galobiT esreT: wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, 

wmidao ukvdao, Segviwyalen Cven. 

dasasrul ki ase damoZRvra eqvTime berma somexTa moZRvari: 

_ sakvirvelia, rodesac vinme cvlis im galobas, romelsac 

serabimebi galoben da saswauliTa sarwmuno qmnila, 

winaswarmetyvelTagan qadagebula, mociqulTagan damtkicebula, 

wmida mRvdelTmoZRvarTa da krebulTagan gancxadebula. 

da axla ki vin unda iyos esreT gonmixdili, romelmac yovelive 

es wesi da moZRvreba datova da petroz mkawrvelis 

moZRvrebas Seudga?! _ didi sicofe da ugnurebaa es. da vinc 

wmidao RmerTosTan jvarcmas amboben, anu samebasa oTxoba 

Sematon _ friad SevaCvenebT Cven da eSmakTa Tana SevracxT... 

.... maSin sosTens misma diswulma ieremiam uTxra: 

_ adeqi, wavideT, rameTu viZlieniT. magram sosTenma kvlav 

gaagrZela mama eqvTimesTan kamaTi da petrozis moZRvrebis qeba. 

eqvTime berma kvlavac dauyo piri: 

_ samarTlianad da jerovnad ganidevna da Seuracxyofil 

iqmna da daemxo ukeTuri petroz mkawrveli mRvdelmTavris 

pativisagan da ganidevna, radgan, zemoTqmulTan erTad, yovladwmida 

qalwuli mariami ar aRiara RvTismSoblad, rac usjulo 

nestorisagan iswavla, da Semdgom mivida da Seacduna eri 

ege Tqveni uswavleli, da romlisa saxsenebeli da mimdevarnic 

misni warwymida ukunisamde. 

maSinRa warmosdga sosTeni da wasvla daapira. 

qarTvelTa mefem hkiTxa: 

_ gaqvsRa-ra sityvad Cvenda anu sruliad iZlie? 

sosTenma upasuxa: 

_ me araA Tu kacTagan viZlie, aramed WeSmaritebisagan. 

xolo mefem kvlavac hkiTxa: 

_ ratom ar moiqcevi marTlmadideblobaze?

322 323 

_ marmaSeni 4 rogor davtovo? _ miugo sosTenma. 

_ mis nacvlad Cven mogcemT sxvas, _SesTavaza mefem. 

_ ase advilad ver davtoveb me marmaSens! _ sTqva sosTenma 

da Sercxvenilma datova kreba. 

... xolo uTaoTa somexTa marcxvenelisa da piris damyofelis 

_ wmidisa da RmerTSemosili mamisa, eqvTime ierusalimelisa 

(grZelis) mier esreT idida wmida marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba 

Cveni, romel iqmna Zegl marTlisa sarwmunoebisa. da 

mefe bagrat da yoveli saeroni da sasulieroni adidebdnen da 

akurTxebdnen cxovlismyofelsa RmerTsa mamasa da Zesa da sulsa 

wmidasa, romelsa Svenis dideba da Tayvaniscema ukunisamde. 

amin. [27]. 

monofizitobisaTvis 

monofizitobisaTvis 

saeklesio istoriiT, monofizituri mwvalebloba damkvidrda 

àvazakuri krebis” Sedegad; mogvianebiT (XII s.) am mwvaleblobis 

mimdevrebs qarTveli kaTolikosi ioane `mimtaceblebad” 

saxelsdebda: mimtacebeli ZaRli Tu iqnebis mxolodo _ 

uTxra monofizit zaqaria mxargrZels kaTolikosma, rodesac 

man marTlmadidebelTa sefiskveri waritaca TviTneburad samrevlo 

sinidan (ix. `q.c.”). 

am niSneul Tvisebas istoriis manZilze monofiziti mwvaleblebi 

mravalgzis avlendnen da ruis-urbnisis ZeglisweraSic, 

maTi RvTismgmobi mwvaleblobis anaTemirebaSi, viTarca `momxdurni” 

iwodebian: `romelnica RmrTis mavneblobisisa mis wvalebisagan 

xaCecarTaisa, romel arian somexni, marTalsa da uzakvelsa 

sarwmunoebasa mouxdebodin da wmidasa kaTolike eklesiasa 

SeerTebodin...” 

ukanasknel aTwleulSi, e. w. Sambezis deklaraciis saxiT 

monofizitebi marTlmadideblobis saxelis mitacebasac Seecadnen, 

xolo 2002 wels, aRdgomis dResaswaulze, saRvTo cecxlis 

gardamosvlisas, monofizitma somxebma Tanamedrove sekularuli 

samyarosTvisac sakvirveli mimtaceblobis saqme aRas- 

4 argini da marmaSeni – somexTa monasteri, romlis winamZRvari iyo 

sosTeni (k. kekeliZe, „samoTxe“, t. 1). 

rules: maT xelidan warstaces ierusalimis patriarqs saRmrTo 

cecxli; amasTanave, somex monofizitTa winamZRvari wlebis 

manZilze ecileba marTlmadideblebs macxovris saflavis 

taZarSi pirvelobas da, saRmrTo cecxlis gardamosvlisas, 

qristes saflavze agebul ekvterSi yofnis uflebas, risi 

nebac mxolod marTlmadidebel winamZRvars aqvs ... cxadia, 

yovelive amas „mciredad Tu“ mieTvleba saqarTvelos istoriul 

teritoriebze marTlmadidebeli, qarTuli taZrebis mitacebis 

mcdeloba... 

monofizitTa xdoma marTlmadideblobaze rogorc praqtikul, 

aseve Teoriul doneze aResruleba, rasac antioqiis 

da rumineTis sruli da ruseTis sapatriarqoebis nawilobrivi 

ekumenisturi „Riaoba“ ganalaRebs. mwvaleblebTan uniaturi 

msaxureba ki iseT „SeuvalTa Sina Sesul“ TeologTa 

xmovanebiT aResruleba, romelTac, wminda mamebi, viTarca yrmebi, 

upasuxeben, rom SfoTi SemoaqvT maT, vinc „mociqulTa mier 

qadagebuli marTlmadideblobisa igi sarwmunoeba wmidisa 

kaTolike eklesiisa ganagdes da moZRvrebaTa mier wmidaTa 

krebaTa RvTivsulierTa ganwesebuli kanoni saeklesio Seuracxhyves“ 

[28]. 

petros petros mkawrvelisaTvis, mkawrvelisaTvis, alajoris 

alajoris 

marxvisa marxvisa da da subsarqisisaTvis 

subsarqisisaTvis 

konstantinopoleli arqimandriti petros 

mkawrveli (knafeuj) 5 , romelic V s. II naxevarSi 

antioqiis patriarqi gaxda, magram am 

monofizitobisaTvis gaaZeves am kaTedridan, 

somxeTSi gadavida, sadac amave mwvaleblobas 

daudo saTave, romelic „xaCecaris“ 

saxeliT gavrcelda somxeTSi da mas kerZo 

_ somxuri mravali wvaleba daemata. maT 

Soris aris alajoris, anu subsarqisis marx- 

5 bresbituri (ix. Êàðòàøîâ, Âñåëåíñêèå Ñîáîðû, ñòð. 383)

324 325 

va, romlis Sesaxebac gadmogvcems „saqarTvelos 

samoTxe“ (gv. 629-633) da romelsac 

somexi monofizitebi marTlmadidebluri 

„mezverisa da farisevlis“ kviraSi inaxaven 

somxeTis qveyanaSi petros mkawrveli monofizitur mwvaleblobas 

qadagebda; yovliTurT gmobda RmerTs da sjuls _ 

wmidaTa da didTa krebaTa da RmerTSemosilTa mamaTagan 

damtkicebulTa. petros mkawrveli yovelgvar sacdurs iqmoda 

eSmakis mier da wvalebaSi ganswavlida somex ers. 

petross hyavda gawvrTnili ZaRli alaja, romelic grZnebiT 

raTme hyavda ganswavlili da eSmakis TanadgomiT yovelgvar 

saocrebas iqmoda. erTxel samisnod wargzavnili es ZaRli 

erTma xucesma da misma mowafeebma mokles, xevSi Caagdes da 

qva miayares. petrosma axlo-maxlo soflebSi mZebneli daagzavna 

da, rom versad ipova grZnebiT aRkazmuli Tavisi ZaRli, 

im mxaris mosaxleobas ganuwesa, emarxaT da elocaT, raTa 

„RmerTs misTvis gamoecxadebina“, ra SeemTxva mis ZaRl alajas. 

maSin orSabaTidan SabaTamde imarxa yovelma iqaurma 

mkvidrma da petross eSmakis manqanebiT eCvena alaja ZaRli, 

romelic mas uxmobda: „xevs Sina var me mkvdario“. petrosma 

xalxs auwya, rom es „didi saswauli“ iyo da rom amieridan 

sruliad sasomxeTSi yoveli wlis imdroisaTvis marxva ganawesa. 

es marxva aris petros mkawrvelis (misnis) mier 

dadebuli sjuli, romelic mociqulTa mier aris SeCvenebuli 

da wmida msoflio krebaTa mier gangdebuli da „Semca 

iCvenebis yoveli mmarxveli alajisaTvis da subsarqisisaTvis” 

(„awindel somexTa subsarqisis marxva, alaja ZaRlis marxva 

aris“ _ miqael sabinini _ gv. 631; „subsarqisis kvira, romelic 

farisevlisa da mezveris kviras emTxveva, mkvdari ZaRlis 

saxelze marxvaa” _ „pidalioni“; alajoris marxva somxebma 

dvinis saeklesio krebaze daakanones _ m.n.) 

mogvianebiT, petros mwvaleblis mier agebul gaidas taZar- 

Si gadmoasvenes somexi beris subal sarqisis Zis cxedari, 

romelic monazvnur cxovrebas eweoda da arabebma awames. igi 

monofizitebma wmidanad gamoacxades da alajoris marxvas 

misi saxeli uwodes. mas Semdeg somxebi subal sarqisisaTvis 

loculobdnen da alajoris marxvas inaxavdnen. xolo petros 

mkawrvelis yovladmwvalebloba da mis mier somxeTis qveynis 

rjulgadaxdoma mTel marTlmadidebel samyaros ganivrco. 

ierusalimis, antioqiis, aleqsandriis patriarqebma da 

romis papama SeaCvenes petrosi da yoveli, vinc alajoris 

marxvas inaxavda, vinc sufsarqisisaTvis loculobda da 

monofizitur sjuls misdevda, an vinc ismenda maT swavlas 

da ar SeaCvenebda maT sjuls _ anaTemirebulyves da warTqves: 

„krul iyavn saukunod, rameTu man, RmrTivmoZagebulma petrosma 

samwmida arsobis didebismetyvelebas daurTo `wmidao ukvdao, 

romeli CvenTvis jvars ecvi, Segviwyalen Cven“ da „saSual 

juarisa samsWualisa ganwona“ (CaarWo – m.n.) da manve, petrosman 

daakanona monaTvla jvrisa. gana vin unda iyos esoden gonebamaxvili, 

rom zeciur ZalTagan mocemuli didebismetyveleba 

wmida samebisa dauteos da usjulo petrosis swavlas Seudges?! 

im petrosis _ romelic wvers oqrosfrad iRebavda, 

romelic wmida mamaTagan SeiCvena da ganikveTa antioqiis saydridan 

da manve wyeulman ara Tqva wirvasa Sina „umetesad 

yovladwmidisa“ da ar aRiara RvTismSoblad yovladwmida 

qalwuli mariami, da dagmo, rogorc es man bilwi nestorisagan 

iswavla. 

xolo es RvTismgmobeli petrosi SemaRlebul ram saydarze 

ijda brWyviala samosliT da grZel samklaves (saxelos) 

mahmadianTa wesisamebr miugdebda xolme Tayvaniscemad 

misulebs da, isinic, rogorc xalifas, emTxveodnen maszed. 

misi ampartavneba saqarTvelosac mowvda da SemouTvala qarTlis 

episkoposs, netar miqaels, raTa misi mwvaleblobis aRmsarebeli 

gamxdariyo da ziareboda mis sjuls, xolo urCobisaTvis 

_ saydridan gadaayenebda. es yovelive miwera episkoposs 

qarTlisas da ixmo TavisTan. 

xolo miqael episkoposi SeWurva sulma wmidam, rogorc 

daviTi goliaTis winaaRmdeg, da mcxeTidan gavida episkopos- 

Ta, mRvdelTa da morwmune eris TanxlebiT. gzad netar miqaels 

euwya angelozTagan CvenebiT, rom maTze Zaladobas apirebdnen

326 327 

da rom sazRvarTan, sadac petrosi elodaT, xevSi, maxviliT 

aRWurvili mteri idga. amisTvis miqael episkoposma yoveliTurT 

ganamzada mxlebelni. da rodesac warsdga RvTissaTno 

mwyemsi petros mkawrvelis winaSe, am ukanasknelma Cveulebrisamebr 

„STaugdo saxelo Sesamoselisa mis, raTa emTxvios 

igic Cveulebisamebr misisa“, xolo RmrTivganbrZnobilma 

miqaelma „upyra mis saxelos da STamozidna Zlierad da 

STamoiTria miwaze da daanarcxa“. maSin misma mxlebelma erma 

qva dakra da „mokles mgeli igi”. petrosis yovel mimdevars 

SiSis zari daeca da verc xelis ganZreva da verc bralobis 

sityva veravin SeZlo, aramed ukvirdaT, Tu rogor mokvda ase 

ubralod da samarcxvinod maTi ese „didi mTavari sjulisa“ 

da winamZRvari erisa. 

petros mwvaleblis sjulis mimdevarma misma erTgulma 

moswavleebma gadawyvites, im RamiT Sekrebiliyvnen da locviT 

Rame eTiaT „am wmida gvamis“ winaSe da imedovnebdnen, rom 

ixilavdnen rasac RmerTi gamoucxadebda. hyves egreT da, roca 

SuaRame Camodga, „ixiles mglebis saxiT Sekrebili eSmakebi, 

romlebic mis gvams dahyvirodnen“. xolo yvela iq myofma 

mwvalebelma Seracxa, rom ese angelosni arian, romelni ugaloben 

mas (petross) da mas Semdeg „avajas“ „momaRlo da 

grZeli xmiT“ (m. sabinini) da Tavadac amgvarad iwyes Sesruleba 

Jamn-galobisa. 

(m. sabinini, „saqarTvelos samoTxe“). [28]. 

wmida wmida maqsime maqsime maqsime berZeni 

berZeni 

somxuri somxuri borotmorwmuneobis borotmorwmuneobis winaaRmdeg 

winaaRmdeg 

(Ïëîäû ýêóìåíè÷åñêîãî äðåâà, ò. 32, ñ.234-243) 

somxuri borotmorwmuneoba, romelic mravali mwvaleblobisagan 

Sedgeba, sam umTavres, yvelaze ufro uwmindur da saZagel 

mwvaleblobas Seicavs. pirveli da uborotesi maTi zraxva 

is aris, rom RmerT_sityvis macxovnebeli wamebisas, maTi azriT, 

uvnebeli RvTaebac iseve mokvda, rogorc kacTa naTesavi; meore 

maTi umTavresi mwvalebloba brZnobs, rom gankacebulma sityvam 

RvTisam, zecad amaRlebis Semdgom, ganiZarcva yovladwmida RvTism- 

Soblis yovladwmida sisxliT miRebuli sxeuli; xolo mesame 

maTi umTavresi mwvalebloba is aris, rom arasworad aRrevs 

qristeSi Seurevnelad SeerTebul or bunebas _ kacobrivs da 

RvTaebrivs, romelnic, viTomdac, erT bunebad iqca. 

aseTia umTavresi maTeuli RmrTivsaZageli mwvaleblobebi 

da ra SeiZleba vTqvaT marTlmadideblebma winaaRmdeg amisa? 

nuTu Cven amas daveTanxmebiT, rom asea? araviTar SemTxvevaSi! 

nu iyofin, rom odesme SeviwynaroT esoden RvTismgmobi da 

mkrexeluri azrebi gvamovnebiT erTi, maradmyofi, ukvdavi da 

uvnebeli RmerTis bunebasa da mis ukvdavebaze. maTeuli mkrexelobis 

warmoTqma da mosmena ar SeuZliaT TviT RmrTis 

winaaRmdgom eSmakebsac ki. xolo es Cans im naTqvamidan, romelic 

damRupvelma da borotis dasabamma gvelma pirferulad Cas- 

CurCula dedakacTa winapars: „ara sikudiliT mohkudeT. rameTu 

uwyoda RmerTman, viTarmed: romelsa dResa sWamoT misgan, 

gangexunen Tquen Tvalni da iyvneT, viTarca RmerTni, mecnier 

keTilisa da borotisa“ (dab. 3,4,_5), anu, ukvdavni da uxrwnelni 

iqnebiT, viTarca TviT ufali, romelman SegqmnaT Tqven. 

magram yovelTa Semqmneli RmerTis ukvdavebaze mravlis 

metyveleba araTu zedmetia, aramed Rimilis momgvrelic, rameTu 

ara marto RmrTivsulierni werilni arian savse maradmyofi 

yovelTa damtevnelis ukvdavebaze mowmobiT, aramed yvelaze 

ufro gareSe filosofosebi da ritornic ki ugaloben TavianT 

TxzulebebSi maradmyofi RvTis ukvdavebis didebas. maS, 

wyeuli somxebi, wyeul dioskoresTan 6 erTad, rogorRa amtkiceben, 

rom qristes RmrTaebrivi ukvdavi buneba mis wmida 

sxeulTan erTad mokvda? 

da, ukeTu uvnebeli, ukvdavi da araqmnuli misi RvTaeba, 

rogorc isini amboben, sikvdils mieca, maSin es niSnavs, rom 

misi wmida sulic, viTarca xorcTan erTad Sobili, mis Rmr- 

TaebasTan erTad mokvda. da, ukeTu vaRiarebT, rom es asea, 

maSin rogorRa vityviT, rom igi STaxda jojoxeTs da bWeni 

rvalisani Semusrna da aRmoiyvana saukuniTgan iq myofi mar- 

Tali sulebi? 

6 dioskore I (444_451) _ aleqsandriis patriarqi, monofiziti.

328 329 

ukeTu igi mokvda, rogorc xorciT, aseve RmrTaebiT da 

suliT, maSin, rogorRa iqneba Tavad jvarcmulisagan WeSmaritebiT 

Tqmuli: „amisTvis uyuar me mamasa, rameTu me davsdeb 

sulsa Cemsa, raiTa kualad moviRo igi“; da kualad: „xelmewifebis 

dadebad misa da xelmewifebis kualad moRebad misa” 

(ioane, 10, 17-8) da, ukeTu, maTeburad, igi mokvda rogorc 

xorciT, aseve RmrTaebiT da suliT, maS, rogorRa SeZlo misi 

miReba srulebiT mkvdarma, - man, vinc aris ganusazRvrelad 

Zlieri Zala yovlismpyrobeli RmerTisa? ukeTu adamianis 

suls, romelic Seqmnilia sityvierad da ukvdavad, ar Seu- 

Zlia, rom mokvdes, maS, yovelTa cxovreba, „romelsa mxolosa 

aqvs ukvdaveba, da naTelsa myof ars miuwvdomelsa“ (1 tim. 

6,16), rogorRa mokvda jvarze Tavisi ukvdavi RmrTeebiT? 

da es eretikuli zraxva rom RvTis gmobaa, RmrTivsaZagelia 

da sicruea, Zalian brZnulad aCvena alamundar ismaitelma, 

romelic qristianul marTlmorwmuneobaze moeqca da moinaTla 

mTeli ojaxiTa da modgmiT. xolo, rodesac uwmidurma 

severosma 7 Seityo ismaitelis mamulis sjulisagan marTlmadidebel 

sarwmunoebaze moqceva, maSin masTan gagzavna Tanamzraxveli 

ori episkoposi da Seecada mis midrekas Rmr- 

TivsaZagel Tavis mwvaleblobaze. rodesac mwvaleblebi alamundarTan 

mividnen da xangrZlivi saubari gaubes severosis 

moZRvrebaze, alamundarma daiTxova isini da uTxra: „xval 

kidev visaubrebT amaze“, xolo mwvalebelTa wasvlis Semdgom 

man Tavis erTgul msaxurs uTxra: „severosis mogzavnilebi 

kidev rom movlen CemTan da TavianT mwvaleblur moZRvrebaze 

saubars damiwyeben, maSin momiaxlovdi da yurSi CamCurCule: 

miqael mTavarangelozi ukve gardaicvala-Tqo“. 

roca severosis kacni kvlav movidnen da xangrZlivad 

sityvaflidobdnen winaSe axlad naTelRebuli alamundarisa, 

maSin mivida maTTan msaxuri da Tavis batons wasCurCula, 

rac davalebuli hqonda. alamundari umal moCvenebiT mwuxarebas 

da naRvels mieca, Tavi Caqindra da idayvdayrdnobili 

mdumared ijda, episkoposebis sityvebs yuradRebas ar aqcev- 

7 severosi (512_538) _ antioqiis patriarqi, monofiziti. 

da da, roca Caacivdnen da mwuxarebis mizezs gamohkiTxavdnen, 

alamundarma upasuxa: „Sevityve, mTavarangelozi miqaeli gardaicvala 

da rogor ar vidardo, rodesac aseT mcvels movakldi?“ 

razec maT SesZaxes: „ar daijero, pativcemulo batono, 

arafriT miaqcio yuradReba amgvar ambavs, es aSkara tyuilia, 

rameTu angelozTa buneba sikvdils ar eqvemdebareba, radgan 

yovelTa Semoqmedma Seqmna isini ukvdavad“. 

maSin alamundarma uTxra: „maS, miTxariT, gTxovT, ukeTu 

angelozTa bunebas, romelic yovelTa Semoqmedma Seqmna ukvdavad, 

ar SeuZlia, rom mokvdes, maSin dausabamo da maradiuli, 

romelsa mxolosa aqvs bunebiTi ukvdaveba, da naTelsa myof 

ars miuwvdomelsa, _ rogor unda momkvdariyo Tavis ukvdavi 

RmrTeebiT, Tavisi macxovnebeli wamebisas? Zlier SemcdarxarT 

da didad Sors xarT WeSmaritebisagan, Tqvens moZRvarTan 

erTad“. aseTi brZnuli mosazrebebiT dauyo piri mwvaleblebs 

da arcxvina axlad naTelRebulma ismaitelma. 

kidev sxva sakvirveli saswaulic movisminoT _ ara amqveyniuri, 

aramed RvTis gangebulebiT _ zeciTgan gamocxadebuli, 

WeSmariti keTilmorwmuneobis sauwyeblad da saZageli 

somxuri mwvaleblobis samxileblad: 

rodesac unetaresi patriarqi prokle 8 sasuliero wodebasTan 

da erTan erTad konstantinepolis Semogarens moivlida, 

cremliT locvas aRasrulebda da evedreboda xSiri da 

saSineli miwisZvrebis SeCerebisaTvis, _ im dros, uecrad, 

xalxidan patara bavSvi aRetaca zecad, yvela morwmunis Tvalwin, 

romlebic didi SiSiT RaRadebdnen: „ufalo, Segviwyalen“. 

Semdgom bavSvi kvlavac uvneblad dadga miwaze. rodesac unetaresma 

proklem bavSvs hkiTxa, Tu ra ixila da ra ismina iq, 

yrmam upasuxa, rom wmida angelozebi iq samwmidaos sagalobels 

galobdnen danarTis gareSe, iseve, rogorc amqveynad 

galobs wmida kaTolike da samociqulo eklesia. 

amis TqmisTanave, RvTis miuwvdomeli gangebiT, bavSvi gardaicvala. 

xolo gamonaTqvami „danarTis gareSe“ niSnavs Semdegs: 

usjulo severosma, romelic qristes RmrTaebis Sesax- 

8 prokle (434_446) _ konstantinepolis patriarqi

330 331 

eb brZnobda, rom igi vnebas eqvemdebareboda, da surda am 

mwvaleblobis danergva, Tavis mimdevrebs aswavla, rom samwmidao 

danarTiT egalobaT Semdegnairad: „wmidao RmerTo, wmidao 

Zliero, wmidao ukvdavo, CvenTvis vnebulo, Segviwyalen 

Cven“. am danamatiT _ „CvenTvis vnebulo“, yovladuwmidurs 

surda eCvenebina, rom qristes RmrTaeba ivno anu mokvda mis 

wmida sxeulTan erTad. ra SeiZleba, rom am gmobaze uaresi 

da saZageli ram iyos winaSe RvTisa? 

ukueTu mxolodSobilis RmrTaeba ivno, anu mis wmida 

sxeulTan erTad mokvda, rogorc is uwmidurni amtkiceben, 

maSin es niSnavs, rom srulad wmida samebac ivno, anu mokvda, 

rameTu erT ars RmerTi, erT ars buneba da erT ars arseba 

samebisa ganuyofelisa. rameTu wmida sameba ganuyofelad ganiyofeba 

hipostasebiT, xolo arsebiT SeerTebulia Seurevnelad, 

e. i. erT ars RmerTi – yovladwmida sameba erTarseba, igiv 

ganiyofeba da ganuyofelia, ganiyofeba hipostasebiT, xolo 

ganuyofelia arsebiT, bunebiT da RmrTeebiT. amitom, cxadad 

mxilebulni arian uwmiduri somxebi severosTan erTad, rameTu 

isini gmoben wmida samebas, rodesac mis vnebas aRiareben, anu 

sikvdils – mxolodSobilis macxovnebeli wamebis dros. 

o, ra uwmidurebaa da ra satanuri naazrevia? marto am 

erTi mwvaleblobisaTvis gvmarTebs maTi moZageba srulad da 

maTgan ganSoreba, Tanaxmad RmrTis moSurnis gamoTqmisa: „anu 

ara moZuleni Senni, ufalo, moviZulen da mterTa SenTa zeda 

ganvkfdi? siZulviliTa sruliTa moviZulen, da igini mterad 

Semeqmnnes me“ (fs. 138, 21-22). 

kidev erTi sakvirveli ambis Sesaxeb monaTxrobi movisminoT, 

romelic RvTis gangebiT moxda WeSmaritebis saCveneblad 

da severosiseuli RmrTivsaZageli gmobis samxileblad. 

rodesac qalkedonSi Seikriba 630 RmrTivsulieri mama 

wmida msoflio IV krebaze da mravali dRis manZilze WeSmaritebisaTvis 

gulmodgined gamoarCevdnen, am dros demonuri 

paeqrobiT Sepyrobili mwvaleblebi Zlier ewinaaRmdegebodnen 

marTlmadidebelTa mier saRmrTo werilidan moyva- 

nil mtkicebebs. maSin orive mxarem, gangebiT, amgvari gadawyvetileba 

miiRo: WeSmaritebaze miniSneba RvTisaTvis miendoT 

da yovladdidebul didmowame efemiasaTvis. amisTvis orive 

mxarem cal-calke dawera Tavisi sarwmunoebis simbolo da 

dabeWda; Semdeg gaxsnes mowamis wmida nawilebis Casasvenebeli, 

dasdves orive werili mis wmida neStze da marTlmadideblebma 

warmosTqves: „Sen, ufalo, gulTamxilavo, locvi- 

Ta yovladdidebulisa mowamisa SenisaTa, arwmune winaaRmdgomTa 

WeSmaritebisa SenisaTa!“ Semdgom daxures wmida luskuma, 

kvlav dabeWdes da Tav-TavianT adgils miaSures. 

ramdenime dRis Semdeg, erToblivi SeTanxmebisamebr, Seikribnen 

da wmida saZvale gaxsnes _ o, ra saocari da aRmatebulia 

yovel gonebaze saswaulni Senni, yovladnetaro da kacTmoyvareo 

meufeo! _ naxes, rom marTlmadidebelTa werili magrad 

epyra wmida mowames xelSi, xolo mwvaleblebis _ Sors egdo, 

mis wmida ferxTiT, viTarca RmrTivsaZageli da yovliTurT 

RmrTismgmobelobiT aRsavse. sxva kidev meti raRaa saWiro 

maTi mwvaleblobis sarcxvenad? magram ar dascxrebian usjuloebi! 

aris kidev saeklesio sityva, romelic ambobs, rom 

mtruli mxaris mowmoba ufro utyuarad iTvleba; da vin 

SeiZleba Cveni marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis ufro didi 

mteri iyos, vinem _ eSmaki? amitom, zemoT naTqvams davumateb 

kidev erT mowmobas, romelic eSmakebma Tqves da amiT davamTavreb 

sityvas: 

kerpTayvanismcemlobis wyvdiadis batonobis dros elada- 

Si iyo erTi adgili, Tavisi jadoqrobiT yvelaze cnobili. 

ewodeboda piTia 9 , sadac ulamazesi sakerpo taZari iyo agebuli 

da masSi idga cnobili kerpi, romelsac yvela warmar- 

Ti gansakuTrebul pativs scemda da maTeburad „RmerTi“ _ 

apoloni erqva. masTan yvela xalxis kerpTayvanismcemeli miemarTeboda 

yoveli mxridan da TiToeuli maTgani Tavis kiTxvaze 

pasuxs iRebda apolonis qurumebisagan demonuri mzakvrebiT. 

da ai, amitomac hqondaT am „RvTisadmi“ didi rwmena 

kerpTayvanismcemel xalxebs. 

9 piTo (ix. berZn. saxelTa orTograf. Lleqsik.); piTia _ misani qali apolonis taZarSi.

332 333 

ufali Cveni ieso qristes macxovnebeli wamebis Semdeg da 

Semdgomad mis zecad amaRlebisa, rodesac WeSmariti RmerTis 

SemecnebiT gabrwyinda mTeli mzisqveSeTi, da erTni sixaruliT 

Seudgnen mociqulTa qadagebas, inaTlebodnen, xolo meoreni 

Zlier ewinaaRmdegebodnen yovelive amas da mTel qveyanaze 

amis gansja da urTierTSoris brZola Seiqmna, maSin 

apolonis erTma qurumma, rodesac dainaxa, rom mTeli qveyana 

esodenma mRelvarebam moicva da mokle xanSi yvela SeZra, 

moisurva Tavisi „RmerTi” apolonisagan Seetyo, Tu ra iyo es 

axali moZRvreba, mTel qveyanas rom moefina, da vin iyo ieso 

qriste. gabeda da yovelive amis Sesaxeb hkiTxa Tavis kerp- 

RmerT apolons. xolo eSmaki, romelic idumal mtrobda 

qristes keTilmorwmuneebs, SekiTxvisaTvis ganurisxda Tavis 

msaxurs, ar mouwona saqcieli da uTxra: „umjobesi iyo, sulac 

ar gekiTxa CemTvis amaze, wyeulo msaxuro Cemo” magram, 

RvTaebrivi ZaliT iZulebulma, mokled ganumarta Tavis msaxurs 

gankacebuli qriste RmerTis saSineli saidumlo, uambo 

misi macxovnebeli wamebis Sesaxeb da dasZina: „jvarcmuli 

aris RmerTi, magram RmrTaeba misi ar vnebula“. 

amis Semdeg ras ityvis uRirsi severosi Tavis samgzis 

wyeul somex mimdevrebTan erTad? ai, sxva yovliTurT cbierma 

apolonma, RvTis ZaliT, Tavisi sakuTari nebis winaaRmdegac 

ki aRiara qriste macxovari, rogorc vnebuli da rogorc 

uvnebeli: vnebuli, rogorc adamiani, rameTu iyo sruli kaci, 

da uvnebeli _ RmrTaebiT. xolo dioskoross, seveross da 

maT mimdevar wyeul somxebs rogor ar eSiniaT imis mtkiceba, 

rom ivno qristes ukvdavi RmrTaeba misi macxovnebeli wamebis 

dros? 

amitom, girCev, rogorc erTgul megobars da sayvarel Zmas, 

ganeSore maT uwmidur sakrebulos da maTTan pirmoTne 

saubrebs (anu mas, rasac dRes ekumenistebi dialogebs uwodebenm.n.), 

ukeTu namdvilad gsurs bolomde uvneblad daicva SenSi 

winaparTagan gadmocemuli marTlad madidebeli sarwmunoeba 

_ rameTu ganxrwnian keTilsaTno Cvevebs boroti saubrebi, 

rogorc ityvis samociqulo sityva. da kualad: „mwvalebelsa 

kacsa Semdgomad erTisa da orisa swavlisa ganeSore“ 

(tite 3,10). wyeuli somxebi ki, ara Tu pirveli da meore, 

aramed Svidi krebis moZRvrebas ewinaaRmdegebian. da rogor- 

Ra Rirs-vyoT isini CvenTan urTierTobiT da saubrebiT? 

icode, rom yvela mwvaleblobis meTauri aris eSmaki, rameTu 

saxarebaSi moxseniebuli mteri swored is adamiania, romelmac 

sufTa da umwikvlo saxarebiseul RvTisSemecnebis xorblis 

yanaSi cbierebis RvarZli daTesa, anu is RmrTivsaZageli 

sxvadasxva mwvalebloba, romelSic Cvens CaTrevas eswrafis 

yovladuwmiduri da surs gangvaSoros marTlmadidebel 

sarwmunoebas, romlis moZRvrebiTac gvwams maradmyofi da 

dausabamo RmrTaebis _ yovlisampyrobelisa da erTarsebisa 

da ganuyofelisa yovladwmidisa samebisa da saSineli, yovel- 

Ta gonebasa da sityvaze aRmatebuli saidumlo _ mxolod- 

Sobili Zis gankacebisa, romelic wmida samebis erTi piria 

da romlisagan da romlisa mier samudamod Seimusra borotis 

Zlieri isrebi; iaraRi misi ganqarda da samkvidrebeli 

misi Seimusra da, viTarca uZluri frinveli, gmobisa da daTrgunvis 

sagnad iqca yovelTagan, romelTa yovliTa guliTa da 

WeSmaritebiT swamT jvarcmuli ieso qristesi, vinc sZlia 

eSmakni. 

nu viqnebiT uzrunvelni da ugrZnobelni, roca Cveni cxonebisa 

da cxovrebis esoden Seurigebeli da cbieri mteri 

gvyavs; aramed mxne viyoT da vifxizlebdeT maradJams da 

raodeni igi ar dacxreba da yovelgvari mzakvrobiT aRiWurveba 

winaaRmdgomad da mosakvdinebelad Cvenda, egreTve Cvenc 

aRviWurvoT keTilmorwmuneobis iaraRiT, misi legionisa da 

misi damcveli RmrTivsaZageli mwvaleblebis winaaRmdeg da 

movizRudoT yovliTa gonebiTa da RmrTivsulieri werilis 

codniT, raTa odesme Cvenc ganvicadoT ufro Zlieri saWmeli 

da mTeli cxovreba oden rZiT ar vikvebebodeT. 

mtkiced aRviWurvoT dogmatTa yovladsaWurveliT, rogoric 

aris ioane damaskelis saRvTismetyvelo Tavni da mtkiced 

daviswavloT isini, raTa davuyoT daudumebeli piri Cvens 

mtrebs da davamxoT yoveli winaaRmdgomi qristes nebisa, 

rameTu qristem mogvca xelmwifeba daTrgunvad gvelTa da 

RriankalTa da yovelTa borotTa ZalTa, „rameTu ara ars

334 335 

brZola Cueni sisxlTa mimarT da xorcTa, aramed mTavrobaTa 

mimarT da xelmwifebaTa, soflis mpyrobelTa mimarT bnelisa 

amis sawuToisaTa, sulTa mimarT ukeTurebisaTa, romelni arian 

casa queSe“ (efes. 6,12) da romelTa nairgvari manqaneba da 

gansacdeli daamxos ufalma da uvnebelad saukunod dagvicvas 

Cven, amin! [28]. 

Targmaneba Targmaneba somexTa somexTa wualebaTaTvis, wualebaTaTvis, Tu 

Tu 

romliTa romliTa SeiCuenebian SeiCuenebian somexni 

somexni 

viTarmed, viTarmca xrwnilebisa, romel ars SimSili, wyurvili 

da sxua kacobrivi uxrwnelebisa ara mgonebelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca erTisa bunebisasa qristessa Soris mgonebelni, 

mgmobelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca erTsa moqmedebasa qristessa mgonebelni, mgmobelni, 

SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca erTsa nebasa mis Soris borotad meCqureni. 

SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca qristes Sobisa uaris myofelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca xarebasa RuTis mSoblisasa ara medResaswauleni, 

SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca xatsa qristessa da RuTis mSoblisasa da 

yovelTa wmidaTa saidumloTa ara Tayuanis mcemelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca ucomosa purisa msxuerplad Semwiruelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca RvinosTana qristes sisxlisasa wylisa 

ara ganmzavebelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca saxarebisa gardamqcevelni, SeiCuenebian. 

da viTarca cru mRvdelobisa maTisa cxadaT ganmsyidvelni 

da samTvraloT myofelni maTisa eklesiisani, wmidaTa da 

RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa mier, viTarca simonianni, SeiCuenebian 

da iudas Tana daiwesebian. 

romel Tvinier marilisa Seiqmnan ucomosa da mkudarsa 

msxuerplsa mocemisaebr ebraelisa, SeiCuenebian. 

romel ianvris Tvis xuTsa hyofen xarebasa uwesoebiT ara 

pativisaTvis RuTismSoblisa, SeiCuenebian. 

romel ara equssa ianvarsa dResaswauloben naTlisRebasa, 

aramed ganvlen mdinared maCueneblobiT, SeiCuenebian. 

romel dResaswauloben Tormetsa Tvis ianvrisasa naTlis- 

Rebasa qristessa, romel ars gardaqceuleba didi, SeiCuenebian. 

romel ar aqusT mironni, aramed balazinisa zeTsa ixmareben, 

SeiCuenebian. 

romel naTlisRebasa ara scxeben zeTsa, aramed udeb hyofen, 

SeiCuenebian. 

romel naTlisRebasa Sina ara iqmnebis maT mier Seberva 

axal naTelRebulTa, SeiCuenebian. 

romel arca erTsa rasame locuaTa Sina maTTa daubrT 

hsjulad ara Tqmad mamao Cuenosa, arca ityvian, SeiCuenebian. 

romeli dauZsT hsjulad mamaTa maTTa, vinca vin SabaTsa 

anu kviriakesa marxuaTa Tana aRiracxven Tvinier xolo gancxadebisani 

amisTvis, SeiCuenebian. 

romel wmidaTa didTa marxuaTa SabaT-kviriakeTa sWamen 

sZesa da kvercxsa da erbosa, romelnime cxadad, romelnime 

farulad, SeiCuenebian. 

romel saxsenebelsa wmidaTasa ara aRasruleben amisTvis, 

SeiCuenebian. 

romel micualebasa wmidis RuTisa mSoblisasa da amaRlebasa 

juarisasa ara dResaswauloben, SeiCuenebian. 

romel Semates xma gansmenilobiT qadagebuli maT mier 

marxua alajorisa, romeli miiRes uRmerToTa manaskerts 

tarsun qalaqsa dvins SekrebilTa mwualebelTa, SeCuenebulimca 

arian. 

romel yuelieri, romeli pirvelad ezod wmidisa marxuisa 

ganaweses wmidaTa RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa, amaT Seagines xorcTa 

WamaTa, SeiCuenebian. 

Seuracxyofen Jamisa wirvasa saRmrTosa da arca imosebian 

Tvinier stixrisa, olaris da filonisa, da ara hswiraven, 

romeli kanoniTa dauwesa didman silivistros, SeiCuenebian. 

romel Jamis wirvis Jamsa ramdenni pirni iqmnebian mwirvelni, 

erTis meti ver miiRebs saidumlos, SeiCuenebian. 

romel didsa xuTSabaTsa serobasa uflisa Cuenisa ieso

336 337 

qristessa, odes yovelni qristeaneni eziarebian, yovlad ara 

aRasruleben, aramed sruliad ugulebel yofen, SeiCuenebian. 

romel kninRa daurTavsve da zraxven iginica, raJams gardaixdian 

paseqsa aRvsebisasa weliwdeulTa kravTa da hcxeben 

sisxliTa maTTa wuerTilTa dasacvelad TavTa TvisTa 

Seracxven, SeiCuenebian. 

romel hsjulisamebr uriaTasa amas ese viTarca saZagelsa 

msxuerplsa, ra moiyuaneben xarsa da verZsa da Seamkoben maT 

RebiliTa ZoweuliTa da maT Soris raTa maTTa damohkideben 

xilisa TiTo fersa da moiyuaneben maT karTa Tana eklesiisaTa 

da saxel hsdeben msxverplad sameufod, ese igi ars 

mtlad, SeCuenebulmca ars xseneba maTi. 

romel ugulisxma da ucnobel arian urwmunoebiT amisi, vi- 

Tarmed sisxli qristesi daiTxia sacxovreblad soflisa da 

ityvian, viTarme ukeTu ara iqmnas dakula da daTxeva sisxlisa 

zroxisa anu cxvrisa, raJams yofdnen Jamis wirvasa micualebulisa, 

ara iqmnebis gansueneba sulisa maTisa, SeiCuenebian. 

romel gardamaqcevelTa wmidisa saxarebisaTa aRmouxocian, 

rameTu daudumeblad yovelni qristes ganxorcielebisa saidumloni 

gangebulebani, viTar igi mlocvelisa ofli qristesi 

da SeZrwunebuli ars suli Cemi, damixsen me Jamisa amisgan, 

SeiCuenebian. 

romel ar imarxven marxvaTa qristes SobisaTa, romeli 

wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaweses ormeoci dRe, arca kualad 

wmidaTa mociqulTasa, arca RvTis mSoblisaTa micualebisaTa, 

aramed aqun maT marxuani ucxoni hsjulisagan da wesisa 

qristeaneTasa, viTar igi imarxven ionnas zed qalaqisaTvis 

ninevisa da eliasTvis da grigorisaTvis, didisa somxiTis 

episkoposisa da subsarqisisaTvis, SeiCuenebian. 

romel saxe wmidisa ioane naTlis mcemelisa Seagines da 

niSi patiosnisa sqemisa Seamwikvlnes, usjuloebiTa monazon- 

Ta maTTa eris kacebr WamiTa, SeiCuenebian. 

romel ganakleben saSual juarisasa samsWualsa rkinisa, 

qvisa iyos juari anu Tu Zelisa, da scxeben zeTsa qunjuTisasa, 

wesisamebr axal naTelRebulTasa da egreTRa Tayuansa 

scemen, SeiCuenebian. 

romel ganadgines yoveli somxiTi berZenTa mTavrobisagan 

da Tana Semwe eqmnes sparsTa da momadlebisa maTisaTvis 

moixvnes xalifasagan wesni da hsjulni sruliad qristeaneTagan, 

anu gare kide ganbneulni maTni, ese igi arian wina 

dacueTa samRvdelovisa nawilisaganTa Jamsa kurTxevisasa da 

Roris xorciTa ara WamiTa da nacvlad fayviTa mandilTa da 

burvilobisa qedTa maTTa zeda tvirTveloba mandilTa da 

raTa Semdgomad Camolocvisa ara ityvian, qristeman WeSmaritman 

RmerTman Cvenman, aramed igini juaris weriT oden ersa 

mTxvevelsa xelTa maTTa. 

da wirvasa Sina orTave qedTa daiburven da saxarebasa 

warikiTxaven samxriT kerZo da muniT ilocven wesisamebr 

muslimisaTa. 

da rasa mRudelni da monazonni maTni zraxvidnen, amis ukue 

da ese viTarTaT s, romeli iTqmian, daiwera ara Rirs arian, 

gangdebasa maT da gankidganebs wmida ekklesia da esoden 

ukue, viTarca RuTis mbrZolni SeiCuenebian da eSmakisad 

micemulni. 

mTavarTa Tana maTTa da moZRvarTa mravlisa Tana maTisa 

borotad madideblobisaTa. 

da mermeca yovelTa qristianeTa mier, SeiCuenebian. 

viTar kualad qristianeTa Sesaracxel arian da ara ufrosRa 

viTarca mbrZolni da qristes uaris myofelni, gina viTar 

naTlisReba maTi, keTil Sewynarebul ars da anu sarwmunoeba 

maTi Sewynarebul iyvnen. 

aramed daiyavn ugunurTa maT ara wmidaTa, ara wmidani pirni 

maTni, WeSmaritaT qristianeTa amaoT saxelismdebelni maTi 

da naTlisRebac maTsa keTil Semwynarebelad metyvelni. 

xolo ukeTu maTni wignni warikiTxes, romelnime ganxorcielebisaT 

s qristesisa da saxarebisa da wmidaTa mamaTaT s 

aRuweriaT, viTar uriaTa da maniqevelTagan. 

(mixeil sabinaSvili, „saqarTvelos samoTxe~, peterburgi, 

1882 w., gv. 633-635). [27].

338 339 

4. 4. istoriani istoriani da da azmani azmani SaravandedTani 

SaravandedTani 

SaravandedTani 

didebulebic ar akldebodnen RvTismsaxurebas. 

«movides Zmani orni mefes winaSeEmsaxurebad, Zeni sargis 

saqarTveloSiO arasdros hqonia adgili religiur Tu 

amirspasalarisani, romelni mas Jamsa didad gandidebulni 

eTnikur SuRls. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, marTlmadidebeli 

iyvnes mefisa mier: zaqaria amirspasalari da ivane msaxurT- 

eklesia, qarTveli marTlmadideblebi kacTmoyvareobiT, kacT- 

uxucesi. yovelni mk drni mefis winaSe iyvnes: kaTalikosi 

SemwynareblobiT gamoirCeodnen, rasac araferi aqvs saerTo 

ioane, sulmoberuli, kaci angelozTa mosagre, da mcireni episko- 

rjulTSemwynareblobasTan. rjulis sakiTxSi qarTveli mar- 

posni, da sxuanica saqarTvelos warCinebulni Sekrebul iyvnes. 

Tlmadideblebi ukompromisobiTa da marTlmkveTelobiT gam- 

viTar kaTalikosi ioane usisxlosa msxuerplsa mRdelmooirCeodnen. 

swored amis Sedegia is, rom saqarTvelos mar- 

qmedebda, moiRo da Seswira man Jami». 

Tlmadidebelma eklesiam ar gaikara mwvaleblobani da qristes 

da, ai, msaxurebis dasasruls, rodesac mRvdeli arigebda 

eklesiis dogmatebi mociqulebrivi siwmindiT daicva. 

sefiskvers, mis misaRebad zaqariac gaemarTa, magram, miuxeda- 

kacTSemwynareblobisa da rjulTSeuwynareblobis magalvad 

zaqarias warCinebulobisa, mRvdelma ar misca mas seiTs 

saqarTvelos didi xelisufalni iZleodnen. maT aseT 

fiskveri, ris gamoc zaqaria Seecada, ZaliT aeRo igi. amis 

marTlmkveTelobas RmerTi gamorCeuli SemweobiT adasturebda 

Semxedvare aRSfoTebuli ioane kaTalikosi, „cecxlebr aRty- 

da amitomac iyo, rom aseT xelisufalTa mmarTvelobis dros 

inebuli“, ekveTa mwvalebel zaqarias da amxila igi: «aR- 

saqarTvelo sulierad, zneobrivad, politikurad, ekonomikurad 

srulebisa yovelni Rirsni mouxdebodes Wamad sefiskuerisa. 

da kulturulad Zlierdeboda. wm. mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis 

xolo mRdelTa ara misces, rameTu iyo sarwmunoebiT somexi, 

marTlmkveTelobis magaliTi am Tavis dasawyisSi moviyvaneT. 

SeCuenebulTagani; da sircx liTa ikadra zaqaria aRtacebad 

Tqmulis gansamtkiceblad wm. Tamar mefis droindeli saqarTve- 

sefiskuerisa da SeWmad. romlisaTvis kaTalikosi, cecxlebr 

los cxovrebidan erT epizods movitanT, romelsac mematiane 

aRtyinebuli, Zlierad amxilebda da etyoda: „nefsiT aravin 

mogviTxrobs. 

marTlmadidebelTagani ikadrebs mRdelmoqmedebasa sefiskuers 

Tamaris dros samefo karze ori Zma – zaqaria da ivane 

Tquen, S dgzis wyeulTa somexTa, mocemad, momtacebeli ZaRli- 

mxargrZelebi iyvnen dawinaurebulebi. Zmebi tomiT qurTebi 

iyvnen, sarwmunoebiT ki - monofizitni, anu somxis sarwmunoebisani. 

zaqaria amirspasalari iyo, ivane - msaxurT-uxucesi. 

es SemTxveva naTlad aCvenebs, rom Tamaris droindel 

saqarTveloSi saero samsaxurSi adamianebs pirovnuli Rirsebebis 

mixedviT awinaurebdnen da ara eTnikuri Tu religiuri 

niSniT. amave dros, es Rirsebebi da Tanamdebobebi sarwmunoebriv 

sakiTxebSi ar iZleoda raime SeRavaTebsa da upiretesobebs. 

amas naTelyofs erTi istoriuli epizodi 

samefo karis cxovrebidan: igi mogviTxrobs erTi RvTismsaxurebis 

Sesaxeb, romelsac mefe da sxva didebulebi eswrebodnen 

(ix. q.c. t. II, gv. 81-91). unda aRiniSnos, rom wm. 

Tamar mefe mxurvale mlocveli iyo da misi Semxedvare 

ca Tu ipoos“. romlisTvisca sircxvileuli warvida zaqaria 

karvad Tvisad». 

ioane kaTalikosi uxsnida zaqarias misi mwvalebluri 

sarwmunoebis mcdarobas, magram zaqaria miugebda: «„me melaSqre, 

ver keTilad mecnier var sityvis-gebad Senda; aramed mouwodo 

moZRuarTa sarwmunoebisa CuenisaTa, romelTa Cem wil 

sircx leul gyon“. kaTalikosi ioane miugebda: „iyavn neba 

qristesi da maradis-qalwulisa RmrTismSobelisa, romelman 

sircx leul yvnes uarismyofelni T sni“. amisman msmenelman 

zaqaria waravlina kaci kaTalikosisa mimarT maTisa, Tana-da 

episkoposTa, yovelTa vardapetTa da mecnierTa». 

amgvarad, zaqariam mouwoda somexTa rjulis mcodneebs, _

340 341 

vanis kaTalikoss, episkoposebs da varTapedebs, _ im ganzraxviT, 

rom isini daicavdnen somexTa sarwmunoebas da, piriqiT, 

sircxvileul yofdnen marTlmadideblebs. marTlac, gaimarTa 

sarwmunoebrivi ganxilva da kamaTi. 

«da movida kaTalikosi vanisa da yovelni vardapetni. da 

daidga samsajavro, da dajda dedofali, dedoflisa mosavi, 

daviT mefe da warCinebulni saqarTvelosni erT-kerZo, m argrZelni 

zaqaria da ivane erT-kerZo. mouwodes kaTalikossa 

ioanes. Sevida da ityoda fsalmunsa amas: „aRdeg, RmerTo, 

saje sja Seni, moixsene yuedreba Seni, romel ars ugunurTagan“. 

viTar Sevida, aRdges mefeni da pativiT Tanadaisues; 

egreTve marRasTa da vardapetTa somexTa maTca pativi uyves 

wesisaebr». ai, zne qarTvelTa: daufaravad amxelen mwvaleblebsa 

da Svidgzis wyeulebs uwodeben maT, magram, rogorc 

kacTmoyvareni, „wesisaebr“, kacobriv pativs miageben maT. 

«viTar mokiTxvaman Jami moiRo, dadumnes yovelni da iwyes 

somexTa sarwmunoebisa maTisa Tqmad sityua-mWevrad da vrcel-sityuad, 

vinaca keTilad mo senebul iyvnes. kaTalikosi, 

zegardamoTa niWiTa aRsavse, gonierebiT aRu snida da brZnad 

miugebda ukurRuevad TqmulTa maTTa, xolo T sisa damamtkiceblad. 

da gagrZelda sityuis-geba mimiwuxramde. 

moSiSman istoriisa sigrZisaman kma-viyo Tqmad: viTar uwyiT 

somexTa sityua-misveobisa, Zlieri RaRadi aRuteves, cilobisa 

swori Zleva iqmneboda. amis msmenelman kaTalikosman 

ioane, RmrTis-metyuelisa mosaxeleman, nu ukue zenaT sulis 

wmidis mier aRvsebulman, anu Tu marTlisa sarwmunoebisa 

mindobilman _ ara uwyi, aRaRo piri brZnad metyueli SeuvalTa 

sityuaTa. odesme didi elia msxuerplsa zeda moxedvida 

cecxliTa RmrTisa mier mlocveli; ixileT, Tu viTar 

uaRres aRsa del ars usisxlo msxuerpli _ orci da sisxli 

RmrTisa kac-qmnulisa _ msxuerplsa zroxisasa, romeli 

aCrdilsa mwerebulad iyo, egoden ubrwyinvales da uzenaes 

ars, romeli aw iqmna da iTqua, vhgoneb, sulisa mier wmidisa, 

piriTa msaxurisa misisa kaTalikosisaTa. rameTu Tqua: 

„saxliT Targamosno, romelni Sekrebul xarT Z nad da 

mterad marTlisa sarwmunoebisa! uwyiTa, romel naTesavsa kac- 

Tasa eufla eSmaki? damyofelman TualTa gonebisaTaman SeasakuTrna 

xrizmosTa, da aramecnierni da damtevebelni RmrTisani 

uzorvides kerpTa, xaxusa da niorsa da jinWarsa. xolo 

RmerTi, ara ugulebels-myofeli dabadebulTa T sTa, ezraxa 

abrahams da merme naTesavsa missa; kuald moses mosca sjuli 

da msjavri ukanasknel, umetesTa wyalobaTa aRZruli, zeciT 

gardamoxda erTi samebisagani, Ze da sityua, qalwulisa mariamisagan 

orcni Seisxa da msgavs kacTa iqmna, rameTu sisxlTagan 

qalwulisaTa miixuna orcni kacobrivni da suli sityvieri, 

iqceoda kacTa Tana da yovelnive gangebulni aRasrulna. 

raJams SesaZrwunebeli igi nebsiT juarcma eguleboda, 

aTormetTa mowafeTa Tana isera da srul-yo paseqi. viTar 

srul iqmna, iwyo axalsa amas RmerT-myofelsa saidumlosa: 

moiRo puri, gantexa da misca mowafeTa da Tqua: „miiReT da 

WameT, ese orci Cemi ars misatevebelad codvaTa“. egreTve 

sasmelica: „suT amisgan, ese sisxli Cemi ars“. da pirvel 

ityoda: „ukeTu ara sWamoT orci Zisa kacisasa, ara gaqundes 

nawili CemTana“. da kualad ityodave: „ orci Cemi WeSmariti 

saWmeli ars da sisxli Cemi WeSmariti sasmeli ars, da mravalsadme 

arian eseviTarni sityuani. aw ukue momigeT: grwmena 

eseviTarni mani maxarobelTani?“ xolo maT miuges: „ucilobel 

ars ege, rameTu moguca orci da sisxli misi, raTa 

ukudavebad vWamdeT da vsumideT; ese ars niWi didi Cuenda 

momarT, raTa qristes RmerTad aRmsarebelni vWamdeT orcsa 

missa da vsumideT sisxlsa missa“. 

da kualad kaTalikosman ma yo brwyinvaled: „keTil, Svilno, 

vinaTgan aRiareT, aw ukue eseca grwams, viTarmed axali sjuli 

da axali paseqi iyo seroba igi, da yovelni, qristes 

RmrTad da kacad aRmsarebelni, mRdel-vmoqmedebT qristes 

vnebaTa mom senebelni; vWamT orcsa missa da vsuamT sisxlsa 

missa, igi ars sjuli Cueni da mcneba axali“. 

xolo somexTa miuges: „agre, amas aravin umecar ars“. 

kaTalikosman Tqua: „aw uwyodeT, ukeTu sarwmunoeba Tqueni 

umjobes-sadame ars, Tqven mier Seicvalebis puri orcad

342 343 

uflisad. Tu Cueni umjobes ars, Cuen mier mRdelmoqmedebuli 

Seicvalebis orcad uflisad“. 

maT Tques: „egreT ars“. 

kaTalikosman Tqua saSinelis sasmenelad sityua: „saqmiTa 

gamovaCinoT, ara sityviTa“. 

maT Tques: „romelsa hyof, hyav“. 

kaTalikosi etyoda: „mogcem ZaRlsa erTsa. dro-giyof 

samTa dReTa, rome Rame ganaTioT litaniiTa da RmrTisa 

vedrebiTa; sam dRe ZaRli uWmelad damarxeT. da erTi ZaRli 

me momeciT, sam dRe uWmelad davmarxo, Rame ganvaTeno litaniiTa 

da RmrTisa vedrebiTa, da gamoCndes marTali sarwmunoeba. 

mesamesa dResa aRvasruleb usisxlosa msxuerplsa da 

moviReb sefiskuersa eliTa CemiTa. daRaTu ara sakadrebel 

ars, daugeb ZaRlsa wina, romeli Tquen gyavs, da egreTve Tquen 

sefiskueri moiReT da daugeT ZaRlsa mas, romeli me myavs. 

romlisaca SeWamos misi rwmuneba ara ars; Tqueni SeWamos, 

Tquen grcxuenes; Tu Cueni SeWamos Cuen gurcxuenes“». 

amgvarad, ioane kaTalikosis ganmartebiT, WeSmariti sarwmunoebis 

mpyrobelTa msaxurebisas puri da Rvino WeSmaritad 

gardaiqceva qristes xorcad da sisxlad da sami dRis 

mSieri ZaRlic ver gaekareba mas. amitom, man SesTavaza monofizitebs, 

aResrulebinaT msaxureba da Tav-TavianTi nawilebi 

daedoT winaSe mSierTa ZaRlTa, romlebic gamoarCevdnen, Tu 

romeli iyo qristes xorci da romeli _ gardauqceveli 

puri. es iyo saSineli gamocda da ioane kaTalikosma icoda, 

rom msgavsi gamocda adrec CaetarebinaT marTlmadideblebs, 

V saukuneSi, arianelTa mwvaleblobis gamosaaSkaraveblad. 

«esma ese mefeTa da ersa, gankuirdes da uRonoebaman moicuna. 

viTar gonebad movides, rques kaTalikossa: „ra ese sTqui, 

sasmeneladca zaria!“ kaTalikosi umetes daamtkicebda. garna 

somexTa aRara eneba, miscnes ZaRlni urTierTsa, da warvides 

karavTa mimarT. 

xolo mefe, Zlierad mbrZoli, etyoda kaTalikossa: „ra 

sTqu, vin SemZlebel ars amisda qmnad, mogonebad da smenad, 

rameTu gansakvirvebel ars?“ kaTalikosi wynariTa gonebiTa 

miugebda: „saqme ese ara mindobiTa Tavisa CemisaTa vyav, aramed 

vyof amasa sasoebiTa qristes RmrTisaTa, raTa aCuenos morwmuneTa, 

marTali morwmuneoba Tu visi ars, da vin arian 

marTal-aRmsarebelni, da visTa xelTa miscems tarigi RmrTisa 

daklvad Tavsa T ssa, anu vin vWamT orcsa missa da vin 

vsuamT sisxlsa missa; mindobiTa marTlmadideblobisaTa cxad 

vyofT WeSmaritebasa, mefeo, Semewie Sen da yovelni qarTvelni, 

didi da mcire“. gank rda mefe da yoveli eri, ismines ra 

brZaneba kaTalikosisa, da warvides T s-T sad. 

iyo dRe igi paraskevi. iwyes litaniobad: erTken mefeman 

da kaTalikosman, da yovelman saRmdeloman krebulman (mciredi 

iyvnes mun episkoposni, rameTu ara kreba eyo mefesa), da 

erT-kerZo somexni da m argrZelni zaqaria da ivane. Rame igi 

orTave gaaTenes, SabaTsa kualad iwyes litaniobad da mwuxri 

erTSabaTi gaaTenes. da amovida mze da yovelni waremarTnes 

eklesiad, cremliT mvedrebelni RmrTisani. ganamzades wmida 

trapezi orgniTve, iyo tirili orisave krebulisgan. da srulyo 

ra usisxlosa msxuerplisa Sewirva, aRiqua kaTalikosman 

feSxumiTa SesaZrwunebeli igi orci CuenT s kac-qmnilisa 

qristes RmrTisa. warmovida krebulisa mimarT mgazvr metyueli: 

„wmida ars, wmida ars, wmida ars ufali sabaoT, savse 

arian cani da queyana didebiTa misiTa“. 

mouwoda somexTa episkoposTa da m argrZelTa da yovelTave 

sarwmunoebisa maTisa ziarTa da etyoda: „ismineT aw, saxlo 

Targamosiso! uwyiT, rameTu RmerTman, CuenTvis kac-qmnilman, 

moguca orci Tvisi saWmelad metyuelman: „ukeTu ara sWamoT 

orci Cemi, ara gaqundes cxovreba, amas hyofdiT mosaxsenebelad 

Cemda“ da mociqulica ity s; „pursa amas romelsa 

ganvtexT, ara-me ziarebad orcTa qristesTa ars?“ aw ukeTu 

sarwmunoeba Tqueni WeSmarit ars, puri ese wmida orci qristesi 

iqmnebis; ukeTu Cueni sarwmunoeba sTnavs, Cuen mier kurTxeul 

iqmnebis orcad uflisad yovladve. nu iyofin, romel 

ikadros romelmanca (uarisyofa ). aw moiyvaneT ZaRli, romelic 

me mogec; daRacaTu ara sakadrebel ars, winadaugeb pursa amas 

wmidasa. ukeTu Seexos ZaRli da ikadros miaxlebad, ara sa

344 345 

dame ars sarwmunoeba Cueni. moyvanebad vceT ZaRli Tqueni, 

daudvaT puri Tqven mier kurTxeuli; ixileT raZi iqmnas, da 

mas zeda gamoCndes, visi sarwmunoeba sTnavs qristesa“. 

xolo somexTa daRacaTu ara eneba, garna ara iyo pasuxi 

samarTlisa; ZliT etyodes kaTalikossa: „Sen mier ganCinebulsa 

amas saqmesa Sen giRirs qmnad“. xolo iyo ersa zeda Semosvlad 

jari raZi iqmnas. da amisman msmenelman kaTalikosman 

Tqua: „me vyo“. da brZana erisa Sorad ganyeneba da mrguliv 

garemodgoma, raTa yovelTa mier saxilvel iqmnas didebuleba 

RmrTisa. da gandga eri Soradre. 

warmodga kaTalikosi ioane Semosili, da elTa et rTa 

zaris asaxdeli igi saidumlo, orc-qmnili, mRdel-moqmedebuli. 

mefe da yovelni eri xedvides ganc frebulni da SeZrwunebulni. 

da kaTalikosi dga, viTarca godoli Seuryeveli, 

turfad aRSenebuli, esre mtkiced dga ganSuenebuliTa piriTa. 

maSin moyvaneba brZana sam-dRe uWmelisa ZaRlisa; da moiyvanes 

ZaRli igi SimSiliTa ganligebuli. da wardga ioane kaTalikosi 

da aRmouteva ma brwyinvale: „qriste meufeo, snisaT s 

kacTasa gankacebulo, juarcmulo CuenTvis, daflulo da aRdgomilo 

da zecad mamisa amaRlebulo, romelman moguec orci 

Seni, raTa mosa senebelad Senda vhyofdeT; Sen, meufeo, gTnavs 

sarwmunoeba qarTvelTa, gTnavs sarwmunoeba ese Cueni, Seuxebelad 

da miuaxlebelad daicev zarisa asa deli orci ese 

Seni, Cuen mier mRdel-moqmedebuli; Sen ukue Seiwire SeuZrveli 

ege da aCuene ersa amas gza WeSmariti, da moxede msxuerplsa 

amas da sircx leul yven winaaRmdgomni Cuenni“. 

da raJams ese iTxova, daago SesaZrwunebeli igi usisxlosa 

msxuerplisa aRmonakueTi momymarisa mis ZaRlisa wina. 

xolo mxilveli purisa viTar mieteva, mieaxla miuaxlebelsa 

mas; myis Zlierad iy rna ZaRlman da ver Seexo wmidasa mas 

wmidaTasa. da ixiles gansakrTomeli ese saswauli, gankrTes 

mefe da yoveli eri. maRliTa miTa ma-yo kaTalikosman da 

yovelman simravleman erisaman: „did xar Sen, ufalo, da sak rvel 

arian saqmeni Senni!“ da aRuteves ma sixarulisa madidebelad 

RmrTisa cremliTa sixarulisaTa. xolo somexni, uRo- 

noebasa micemulni, gank rvebulni dges da uk rda. 

maSin evedra kaTalikosi mefesa, raTa daadumos eri igi. 

da viTar dawynardes mani igi, Tqua naTel mofeniliTa piriTa 

marRasTa somxiTisaTa da m argrZelTa: „ismineT da uwyodiT: 

RmerTi, uxilavi da miuaxlebeli da Seuxebeli borotisa, 

romlisganve uboroto ars da man Tavadman brZana purisa 

amis wmidisa orc qmnad. nu gikvirs, rameTu manve Tqua: „iyavn 

naTeli da kualad gamoCnda naTeli, mel _ da gamoCnda“, manve 

sityuaman ara-rasagan qmna meli. ara Tu saxismetyueleba 

ars, aramed WeSmaritad orci misi. amas ra Seexeboda? orci 

misi da puri anu orive erT ars, anu umjobes romelime“. 

xolo somexTa araTu eneba, uneblieT Tanaedva amisi qmnad. 

viTar mRdelni dges da moiyvanes ZaRli, romeli hyva kaTalikossa, 

da mougdes msxuerpli maTi. da myis aRitaca. da 

qarTvelTa iwyes madlobad RmrTisa miTa sixarulisaTa, 

iqiT da aqeT xldomiTa masve ityodes: „did xar Sen, ufalo, 

da sak rvel arian saqmeni Senni!“. da kaTalikosi Semosili 

Sesues hunesa T ssa, da elTa etvirTa tabakiTa sefiskueri 

da Tanahyuebodes yovelni warCinebulni da laSqarTa Sina 

vidodes metyuelni esreT fsalmunsa asocdamervesa: 

„mravalgzis mebrZodes me mterni Cemni siyrmiT CemiTgan 

da me ver mereodes. 

beWTa CemTa mcemdes me codvilni da ganagrZes uSjuloeba 

maTi. 

ufalman Semusrna qedni codvilTani. 

hrcxuenoden da marTal ukun iqcen yovelni moZuleni 

sionisani. 

ufalsa ugalobdiT, rameTu didebiT didebul ars. ufalman 

Semusra mbrZolni, 

ufal ars saxeli misi“. 

esreT mxiaruliTa piriTa movles yoveli banaki. somexni, 

viTarca myuari utbo, egreT dges u mod, queyanad mxedvelni, 

viTar Zuel odesme mRdelni astartesni. xolo Tu viTari 

sixaruli, sasoeba da madloba RmrTisa moiwia qarTvelTa 

zeda, Txroba SeuZlebel ars. da Se-ra-vides, didi seri Semzades 

mefeman da kaTalikosman.

346 347 

xolo somexni sircx leulni warvides m argrZelTa karvad. 

ivane msaxurT-uxucesi etyoda Zmasa T ssa, amirspasalarsa zaqarias, 

viTarmed: „me ara meneba ciloba; qarTvelTa marTali sarwmunoeba 

upyries. raRa ars myenebel Cuenda, rome marTali sarwmunoeba 

ara SeviwynaroT da ara naTel-viRoT qarTvelisa kaTalikosis 

mier?“ xolo igi miugebda: „uwyi, Zmao, rameTu marTali rjuli 

ars qarTvelTa, magra romeli ganikiTxvis dResa mas, hkiTxon; me 

ara SeverTvi qarTvelTa!“ da esma ivanes da rqua: „mik rs sibrZnisa 

Senisagan, romel umjobessa ara arCev, me ara SeverTvi 

ganzraxvasa Sensa, naTel-viReb sarwmunoebasa zeda qarTvelTasa“. 

radRa sakmar ars sityua? movida da naTel-iRo sarwmunoebasa 

zeda Cuensa ioanes mier kaTalikosisa. da mravali 

simravle somexTa movida naTlisRebad da iqmna sixaruli, da 

zaqaria egreve urwmunoebasa zeda. 

eseviTari niWi da pativi mimadla mis mier Seyuarebulman 

RmerTman Tamarsa, garna arca is udeb iqmna moqmedebad saqmeTa 

saTnoTa RmrTisaTa. amisT s el-yo aRSenebad sayofelsa 

gammarjuebelsa missa zeSTa-kurTxeulsa varZiisa RmrTism- 

Sobelsa, zemo varZiis quemo varZiiTa micvalebiTa, romeli 

kldisagan gamohkueTa, TviT patiosani eklesia da monazonTa 

sayofi senakebi, romeli mterTaganca Seuval da ubrZolvel 

yo. ese varZia pirvelad daewyo sanatrelsa mamasa missa 

giorgis, garna ver srul eqmna da daeteva, romel didman aman 

aRasrula da Seamko yovliTurT, da Seswirna mravalni da 

didroani soflebi, da Sehkazmna trapezisa Semosavalni didni, 

romeli yovlisaganca moTxroba Znel ars. Tu visme nebavs 

amisganca, ixilen varZia da saqmeni misni qmnulni da naSenebi 

quab-qmnili. vina mefeman Tamar guls-idgina msaxurebad ubiwosa 

da gansakrTomelisa saswaulTa-moqmedisa varZiisa Rmr- 

TismSobelisa, amisT s umetes pirvelTa idida mefoba misi». 

5. 5. cecxlTan cecxlTan TamaSi 

TamaSi 

somexi eris istoria aRsavsea dramatizmiTa da tragizmiT. 

Znelia, adamians ar gagiCndes maTdami TanagrZnobisa da Tanadgomis 

survili. istoriulad swored aseTi iyo qarTveli eris mimarTeba 

mravaltanjuli somexi xalxisadmi. gverdSi bevrjer 

dadgomia saqarTvelo somxeTs, xolo qarTvelebs somexi xiznebisTvis 

lukma gauyviaT, sacxovrebeli miuciaT, xeli gaumarTavT, 

fexze wamouyenebiaT, Zmuri siyvaruliT daxmarebian Wrilobebisa 

da tkivilebis moSuSebaSi. 

somexi xalxis istorias Tamamad SeiZleba vuwodoT cecxlSi 

gamotarebuli. magram am eris xanZris alSi gaxveva, xandaxan, 

Tavad maTive warmomadgenlebis avanturistuli qmedebebis 

Sedegad xdeboda. uaxlesi istoriidan amis magaliTia 

osmaleTSi daSnakTa mier somexi xalxis Segulianeba TurqTa 

winaaRmdeg, Semdeg maTi gamZvinvarebul osmalTa pirispir Setoveba, 

rasac mohyva aTasobiT msxverpli. somxuri avantiura, 

ra Tqma unda, ar amarTlebs osmalTa sisastikes, magram pasuxismgebloba 

xalxis winaSe, upirveles yovlisa, swored 

daSnakebs ekisrebaT. aseTi magaliTi ara erTia somexi xalxis 

istoriaSi. amgvari cecxlis danTebas neodaSnakebi, rogorca 

Cans, javaxeTSic apireben, albaT, im imediT, rom amjerad xan- 

Zari mxolod saqarTvelosa da qarTvel xalxs Seexeba. 

am qveTavSi mogiTxrobT ambavs somexi sasuliero pirebis 

cecxlTan TamaSis Sesaxeb, pirdapiri gagebiT. rogorc cnobilia, 

marTlmadidebluri kalendriT aRdgomis wina dRes, 

did SabaTs, uxsovari droidan macxovris saflavze marTlmadidebeli 

patriarqis mier RvTisadmi aRvlenili savedrebeli 

locvis Jams cidan gadmodis RvTaebrivi Seuwveli cecxli, 

romelic kandels aRanTebs marTlmadidebli patriarqis 

xelSi. xolo Semdgomad amisa es cecxli mTel kacobriobas 

ganefineba. 

RvTiuri cecxlis gardamosvla utyuari dasturia mar- 

Tlmadideblobis WeSmaritebisa, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 

utyuarobisa, romlis wevrebsac igi ganamtkicebs rwmenaSi, 

amave dros, Seagonebs mwvaleblebsa da urjuloebs, raTa 

gulisxmayon, Seinanon, dauteon borotmadidebloba da WeSmaritebaze 

moeqcnen.

348 349 

aRsaniSnavia, rom cecxlis gardamosvlis ceremonialSi 

somexTa sasuliero pirebs, ganwesebis Tanaxmad, TavianTi gamor- 

Ceuli adgili aqvT miCenili, rac imiT moipoves, rom Tavis 

droze ZaliT miitaces iakob mociqulis saxelobis taZari, 

romelic manamde qarTvelTa sakuTreba iyo. swored somexTa 

mzakvrobisa da, upirvelesad, Cveni codvebis gamo davkargeT 

macxovris saflavis uSualo siaxloves mdebare iakob mociqulis 

saxelobis taZari, amiT ki mogvaklda upiratesi 

ufleba, axlos vmdgariyaviT ierusalimis patriarqTan cecxlis 

gardamosvlis Jams. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, es movlena saukuneebis manZilze gr- 

Zeldeba da aravis ganucxadebia pretenzia RvTiuri cecxlis 

miRebis pirvelobaze im dromde, vidre somex sasuliero pirebs 

ar SeuCndaT boroti ganzraxva am saswaulTan TamaSisa. amis 

Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs werili gazeT „mrevlidan”, romelsac 

mcireodeni SemoklebiT gTavazobT: 

« ... did SabaTs (2002 wels – a.u.) macxovris saflavze 

cecxlis gardamosvlis ceremonialze saukunis avantiuram 

iCina Tavi: monofizituri (somxuri – a.u.) eklesiis warmomadgenlebi 

yvelasaTvis moulodnelad Tavs daesxnen berZen 

marTlmadidebel patriarqs da RvTaebrivi cecxlis mitaceba 

daupires. RvTis SewevniT monofizitTa mzakvruli gegmebi 

CaSala macxovris saflavTan mdgomma Cvenma Tanamemamulem, 

saqarTvelos konsulma israelSi _ batonma laSa Jvaniam.... 

redaqcia daukavSirda baton laSas ierusalimSi da sTxova, 

am ambebis amsaxveli masala moewodebina mkiTxvelisaTvis. 

mokle mokle istoria 

istoria 

cecxlis pirvelad gardamosvlis konkretuli TariRi 

cnobili ar aris, magram faqti, rom es aris uZvelesi tradicia 

da eklesiis arsebobis pirvel wlebs ukavSirdeba _ 

udavoa. wmida cecxlis miRebis Sesaxeb pirveli werilobiTi 

wyaro 163 wliT aris daTariRebuli. yovelwliurad did 

SabaTs cecxli gardamodis macxovris saflavze. 

imis gamo, rom marTlmadidebeli mrevlis garda cecxlis 

miRebis survili sxva aramarTlmadidebel denominaciebsac 

aqvT _ ceremonialis yoveli detali, TiToeuli konfesiis 

warmomadgenlis adgili, qcevis wesi da macxovris taZarSi 

Sesvlis dro mtkiced aris gansazRvruli specialuri SeTanxmebiT, 

romelsac „status qvo~ ewodeba. 

cecxlis cecxlis miRebis miRebis miRebis ceremoniali 

ceremoniali 

ceremoniali 

didi didi SabaTi 

SabaTi 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod ierusalimis marTlmadidebeli 

patriarqi (an misi mosaydre) iRebs cecxls, radgan 

igi saflavSi mxolod misi Sesvlis dros gadmodis. 

cecxlis miReba_miTvisebis faqti moxda XVI saukuneSi, 

1549 wels. rodesac somexma mRvdelmsaxurebma moisyides 

otomanebi (wmida miwis imJamindeli mmarTvelebi) da cecxlis 

miRebis ufleba moipoves. maSin, Zalis gamoyenebiT, mar- 

Tlmadidebeli patriarqi gareT datoves Tavis mrevlTan 

erTad, xolo cecxlis misaRebad saflavSi ierusalimis somexi 

patriarqi Sevida. marTlmadidebeli patriarqi am dros taZris 

SesasvlelTan idga Tavis mrevlTan erTad da gulmxurvaled 

tiroda. im wels cecxli saflavze ar gadmovida... magram 

moxda yvelasaTvis xiluli saswauli _ taZris Sesasvlelis 

erT-erTi sveti, romelTanac marTlmadidebeli patriarqi idga, 

gaipo da cecxli iqidan gadmovida. 

(am SemTxvevas sxva wyaro ase mogviTxrobs: Turqi Cinovnikebis 

mosyidvis Semdeg somxebi did SabaTs adrianad mividnen 

qristes saflavze, Sevidnen taZarSi da Carazes kari. rodesac 

marTlmadideblebi _ episkoposebi, samRvdeloeba da maTi Tanmxlebni 

movidnen, veRar Sevidnen taZarSi, dadgnen daketil karTan 

da mwared atirdnen. axlovdeboda RvTaebrivi cecxlis gardamosvlis 

dro, marTlmadideblebi idgnen gareT da mwuxared 

loculobdnen, somxebi ki taZarSi galobdnen, Taviseburad loculobdnen 

da elodnen madlmosili cecxlis gadmosvlas, magram 

amaod daSvrnen. ucbad zeciurma cecxlma ifeTqa, gaapo qvis 

uzarmazari sveti, romlis siaxlovesac marTlmadideblebi idgnen 

da maT xelSi aanTo kandelebi. qvis svetis ganabzari dResac 

RaRadebs WeSmaritebas da afrTxilebs cecxlTan TamaSis mo

350 351 

surneebs. magram maT ugunurebas dResac ar uCans bolo. vagr- 

ZelebT werils gazeT „mrevlidan~). 

...amis (1549 w.–a.u.) Semdeg somxebi, koptebi, asirielebi 

da laTinebi ver bedaven macxovris saflavSi cecxlis misaRebad 

Sesvlas. piriqiT, am cecxlis miRebis ceremonialze 

dasaswrebad isini taZarSi elodebian marTlmadidebel patriarqs. 

Semdgom, taZarSi misi Semosvlis dros, eaxlebian 

mas, mowiwebiT Tavs uxrian da xelze eamborebian, patriarqi 

ki, Tavis mxriv, maT nebas aZlevs, daeswron cecxlis gardamosvlis 

ceremonials. 

Semdgom iwyeba daluquli (luqi saflavs masSi yvela kandelisa 

da sanTelis Caqrobis Semdeg edeba) saflavis garSemo 

samjer Semovlis procesia. mesame wris dasrulebis Semdeg 

marTlmadidebeli patriarqi dgeba macxovris saflavis win, 

ganimoseba sadResaswaulo samosisagan da mxolod TeTr kabaSi 

Semosili rCeba (am wessac Tavisi istoria aqvs: saeklesio 

gadmocemis mixedviT, erTxel somxuri eklesiis warmomadgenels 

macxovris saflavSi Sesasvlelad gamzadebul mar- 

Tlmadidebel patriarqze uTqvams: „cecxli damaluli aqvs 

Sesamoslis SigniTo~. amis pasuxad marTlmadidebeli patriarqi 

ganimosa Sesamoslisagan, raTa taZarSi myof morwmuneebs 

eWvi ar SehparvodaT da somxis samxileblad igi mxolod 

TeTr kabaSi Semosili Sevida saflavSi). 

tradiciisamebr, marTlmadidebel patriarqs somexi episkoposi 

mihyveba, romelic saflavis pirvel nawilSi rCeba (saflavis 

rotunda or nawilad aris gayofili. pirvel naxevarSi 

anu SesasvlelSi, moTavsebulia im lodis nawili, romelic 

macxovris saflavs faravda da romelzec angelozi ijda, 

rodesac menelsacxeble dedebi aRdgomis dRes saflavTan 

mividnen), patriarqi ki Camqrali sanTlebiT Tavad saflavSi 

Sedis, iq kiTxulobs cecxlis misaReb savedrebels, romlis 

drosac loculobs mTeli msofliosaTvis. cecxli xan ramdenime 

wuTSi, xan ki xangrZlivi drois Semdeg (20-25 wuTi) 

gadmodis. amjerad (2002 wels – a.u.) cecxli macxovris 

saflavze 8 wuTSi gardamovida. 

rogorc wesi, cecxlis gardamosvlis dros yovelTvis 

xdeba usiamovneba monofizitebsa da marTlmadideblebs Soris. 

ZiriTadad, axalgazrda qristianebi erTmaneTs sityvierad 

aRizianeben, aqezeben, rac SemdgomSi fizikur dapirispirebaSi 

gadaizrdeba xolme. amjerad provokacia somexi monofiziti 

sasuliero pirebisagan wamovida: rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

„status qvo~-s mixedviT cecxlis gardamosvlis procesis 

dros yoveli detali dawvrilebiT aris dadgenili. isic ki, 

Tu romeli mimdinareobis mrevls taZris romel nawilSi 

aqvs dgomis ufleba. Sesabamisad, ra Tqma unda, „status qvo~ 

gansazRvravs, Tu ra dros unda mividnen saflavTan kopturi 

da asiriuli, aseve, franciskanuli eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi 

marTlmadidebeli patriarqisagan cecxlis misaRebad 

da Semdgom xalxze gadasacemad. 

kerZod, „status qvo~ adgens, rom marTlmadidebeli patriarqi 

saflavidan gamosvlisTanave jer macxovris saflavis 

wina nawilSi mdgom somex episkoposs unTebs sanTlebs, Semdgom 

saflavis marcxena sarkmlidan awvdis mrevls. mxolod amis 

Semdeg aqvs somex episkoposs ufleba, saflavis marjvena sarkmlidan 

gadasces cecxli mrevls. amis Semdeg saflavSi Sedian 

kopturi da asiriuli eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi da 

iReben cecxls marTlmadidebeli patriarqisagan. wesisamebr, 

pirvelma unda datovos saflavi marTlmadidebelma patriarqma, 

romelsac ukan unda mohyvebodes somexi episkoposi, 

xolo kopts da asiriels ufleba ar aqvT, gamovidnen saflavidan, 

sanam mas marTlmadidebeli patriarqi garkveuli man- 

ZiliT ar daSordeba. 

amjerad somxuri eklesiis warmomadgenelma gadawyvita, 

marTlmadidebel patriarqze adre gamosuliyo saflavidan, 

Tumca gamosvlamdec man scada, pirvels gadaewodebina cecxli 

sarkmlidan: orive SemTxvevaSi mas marTlmadidebeli patriarqis 

kanonieri winaaRmdegoba Sexvda. aseve, cecxlis mar- 

Tlmadideblebze adre gadawodebis mizniT, somxuri eklesiis 

warmomadgenlis mier adgili hqonda sxva uxeS, araqris

352 353 

tianul qmedebasac, rac, Tavad patriarqis TxovniT, ar Semi- 

Zlia sajarod ganvacxado, sanam somxuri eklesiis am warmomadgenels 

ar moeTxoveba sakadrisi pasuxi. 

sabolood, marTlmadidebeli patriarqi pirveli gamovida 

saflavidan, Tumca mas, praqtikulad, aqac Tavs daesxnen monofizituri 

denominaciis warmomadgenelebi, mas ki, xalxis sim- 

Widrovis gamo, ar hqonda gadaadgilebis saSualeba. 

sabednierod, cecxlis gardamosvlis ceremonialze me macxovris 

saflavis SesasvlelTan videqi. „status qvos~ mixedviT 

esec akrZalulia, magram Cemi iqidan moSoreba azradac aravis 

mosvlia, vinaidan yovelma iq mdgomma icoda ierusalimis patriarqTan 

im piradi da axlo urTierTobebis Sesaxeb, rac Cvens 

Soris jer kidev patriarqad mis arCevamde damyarda. 

Tavidan ver mivxvdi, ra xdeboda, magram, rodesac gaverkvie, 

marcxena mxridan marjvniv, Zalis gamoyenebiT, gavikvlie gza, 

ierusalimis marTlmadidebel patriarqs gverdiT amovudeqi 

da vcdilobdi, Zalisve gamoyenebiT CamomeSorebina mowolili 

masa. es, nawilobriv, movaxerxe, patriarqs Sevxede da davinaxe, 

rom marjvena xelSi sanTeli aRar eWira. rogorc Cans, an 

vinmem waarTva, an, isedac, am xilul saswaulTan pirispir 

pirvelad Sexebis (igi patriarqad gasuli wlis 13 agvistos 

iqna arCeuli) Sedegad emociurad da fizikurad dau- 

Zlurebuls, nawilobriv damtvreuli sanTlebi xelidan gauvarda. 

umal gaviazre, rom saubris dro ar iyo, verc sanTlebs 

movZebnidiT aRgznebuli masis garemocvaSi myofebi, amitom 

mis unetaresobas marjvena xelSi xeli Cavavle, maRla avawevine 

da Cemi _ saflavis karTan misganve anTebuli, saqarTvelos 

kaTalikos-patriarqTan gamosagzavni sanTlebi Cavude 

xelSi. 

mivxvdi, rom uamravi xalxiT garSemortymul patriarqs 

xelebis maRla awevis Zalac gamoleoda da amitom misTvis 

xeli ar gamiSvia, ase mivyevi marTlmadidebluri taZris 

sakurTxevlamde. 

ase rom, wels „status qvo~-s ramdenime ZiriTadi punqti 

dairRva somxuri eklesiis warmomadgenlebis mxridan, Tumca 

ierusalimis axlad arCeulma marTlmadidebelma da kanonierma 

patriarqma, misma unetaresobam, irineos pirvelma Tavisi 

mtkice nebiT adamianuri cdomilebebisagan daicva wmida adgilis 

xelSeuxebloba, riTac kvlav daumtkica, rogorc wmida 

miwis mkvidrT, aseve msoflios, rom is ierusalimis eklesiis 

pirveli meTauris, wmida iakobis Rirseuli memkvidrea da 

aseTive RirsebebiT daicavs eklesiis simarTles da simtkices. 

aRdgomis wina dRes sainformacio saSualebebisaTvis 

micemul interviuSi ierusalimis marTlmadidebelma patriarqma 

ganacxada: „Cven mowodebuli varT, sicocxle SevwiroT 

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebs wmida miwaze da davicvaT 

qristianoba~ _ qriste aRdga!!! 

laSa Jvania, saqarTvelos konsuli israelSi 

“mrevli”, 2002w., #2 (62)» 

arsebobs gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac, did SabaTs ciuri 

cecxlis argadmosvla meored mosvlis niSani iqneba. sanam es 

sayovelTao gankiTxvis Jami damdgara, gvinda, SevagonoT somexi 

eris cecxlTan moTamaSe warmomadgenlebs: SeCerdiT, nu acdunebT 

somex xalxs, nu amxedrdebiT RvTisa da misi mimdevari 

qarTveli xalxis winaaRmdeg. SeCerdiT! SeCerdiT! SeCerdiT!

354 355 

Tavi Tavi VII 

VII 

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiamde iqnen agebulni. 

Cvens wignSi ar viZleviT ruka-cnobaris analizs da mecnieruli 

Sefasebas. es saqme mkvlevarebma unda Seasrulon, ra 

ruka-cnobari 

ruka-cnobari 

Tqma unda _ eklesiasTan mWidro kavSirSi. Cveni wigni mieZRvna 

im movlenebsa da tendenciebs, romlebmac ganapirobes ruka- 


Sesavali 

cnobaris Seqmna da gamocema. 

uwinares mogvyavs amonaridi b-n bondo arvelaZis erTi 

Cven mravali TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, ga- 

statiidan (ix. [24]), romelic dagvexmareba ruka-cnobaris 

mogveqveynebina wina TavebSi naxsenebi ruka-cnobari, romelic 

zogad Sefasebasa da gagebaSi. 

daibeWda ciurixSi da 1995 wels gamoica erevanSi misi 

avtoris, samvel karapetianis da, saerTod, somexTa didi naw- 

2. 2. qarTuli qarTuli eklesiebis eklesiebis misakuTreba 

misakuTreba 

ilis azriT, saqarTvelos teritoriaze 650-ze meti somx- 

grZeldeba... 

grZeldeba... 

uri saeklesio nagebobaa ganTavsebuli. swored am taZrebze 

acxadebs pretenzias somxeTis eklesia. 

«... ucxoel dampyroblebs gamoridebuli somexi ltolvile- 

ruka-cnobaris analizi gviCvenebs, rom masSi mravladaa 

bi saukuneebis manZilze talRa-talRa Semodiodnen saqarTvelo- 

Setanili somxebis mier sxvadasxva dros ama Tu im xerxiT 

Si da aq myudro TavSesafars hpovebdnen. nivTierad momagrd- 

mitacebul-miTvisebuli qarTuli marTlmadidebluri taZrenen 

Tu ara, maSinve TavianT monofizitur aRmsareblobaze 

bi. gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba im taZrebis absolutur umrav- 

daiwyes zrunva da Znelbedobis Jams mitovebuli qarTuli 

lesobas, romlebic 1801 wlamde periodiT TariRdebian, anu – 

eklesiebis misakuTrebas mihyves xeli. aseulobiT qarTuli 

eklesia somxurad aqcies. falsifikaciis procesi saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda da am saTakilo gziT momravlda 

„somxuri~ eklesiebi saqarTveloSi. 

am istoriul process or periodad vyof. pirvelia _ 

uZvelesi droidan 1801 wlamde, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos 

aneqsiamde. meore periodi moicavs XIX-XX saukuneebs. es 

periodebi garkveuli niSniT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. 

pirvel periodSi, saqarTvelos samefos gauqmebamde, qarTveli 

mefis, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis unebarTvod raime 

sakulto nagebobis aSeneba ar SeiZleboda, miTumetes, somxuri 

monofizituri eklesiisa, romelic jer kidev VII saukunidan 

mwvaved iyo dapirispirebuli qarTulTan. 

am TvalsazrisiT sakmao xani vimuSave saxelmwifo arqiv- 

Si, amavdroulad, gadavsinje saistorio wyaroebi, magram qarTvel 

mefeTa an kaTolikos-patriarqTa raime nebarTvas romelime 

somxuri eklesiis aSenebis Taobaze ver mivakvlie, dRemde ar

356 357 

Semxvedria. aris ramdenime, magram es mTlian suraTs ar cvlis. 

is ki ara, Sevamowme moaruli azri, TiTqos qarTveli 

mefeebi SeWirvebis Jams yiddnen eklesiebs mdidar somxebze, 

magram yidva-gayidvis sabuTi ver vnaxe, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar 

miviRebT k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi z. 

WiWinaZis fondSi dacul cnobas: „somxebma qarTvelebisagan 

motyuebiT da cdunebiT TviT qarTvelebis saydrebic ki 

SeiZines. ase, magaliTad, feTxainis (igulisxmeba Tbilisis 

beTlemis eklesia-b.a.) saydris SeZenis saqme. es saydari 

qarTvelebma VI saukuneSi gaakeTes. igi gaakeTa vaxtang gorgaslis 

Svilma, arCilma (es eklesia daaarsa vaxtang gorgasalma 

V saukuneSi. asea miRebuli qarTul istoriografiaSi_b.a.). 

aseve Seisyides somxebma oqromWedlis qu- 

Caze qarTvelebis didi saydari _ wm. nikolozisa, romelsac 

dRes somxebi surb_nSans uwodeben, aseve Seisyides somxebma 

wm. giorgis saydari tfilisisad wodebuli. amas garda, maidnis 

Tavzed dRes somexi surb_gevorqis saydaric qarTvelebis 

iyo, somexT daiCemes, aseve daiCemes metexis aRmarTzed avlabris 

SeyolebiT patara saydari~. 

marTalia, somxuri eklesiebis arseboba saqarTveloSi 

faqtia, magram sakiTxavia, samarTlebrivad ramdenad iyo kanonieri 

maTi aSeneba Tavis droze. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT _ Tu ar aris qarTveli mefis an kaTolikospatriarqis 

brZaneba, sigeli an werilobiTi nebarTva ama Tu 

im somxuri eklesiis aSenebis Sesaxeb, maSin 1801 wlamde 

arsebuli yvela somxuri eklesia saqarTveloSi ukanonoa, 

kanonis darRveviT aris aSenebuli. es erTi. meore _ qarTveli 

mefis brZanebis an kaTolikos-patriarqis nebis gareSe 

mtrisagan gaveranebuli romelime qarTuli eklesiis gadakeTeba-gadmokeTeba, 

masze daSeneba, miSeneba anda dangreva da 

mis adgilze somxuris aSeneba da somxur eklesiad qceva 

aris arasamarTlebrivi aqti da miiCneva naZaladev qmedebad, 

mitacebad. amitom saqarTvelos sapatriarqo uflebamosilia, 

amgvari „somxuri~ eklesiebi Sexedulebisamebr gankargos, 

aRadginos maTze Tavisi kanonieri, iuridiuli ufleba. 

amdenad, safuZveli ecleba zogierTi somexi mecnieris en- 

ergiul mcdelobas, ramdenime aseuli „somxuri~ eklesia daafiqsiros 

saqarTveloSi. am rigis Sromebi araerTia gamoqveynebuli 

XIX-XX saukuneebSi somxur enaze. somexi istorikosis 

aleqsandre ericianis (1811-1902) mixedviT somxuri eklesiebi 

saqarTveloSi 1837 wels yofila 198 (ix. „yovelTa somexTa 

sakaTalikoso da kavkasiis somxebi XIX-s.~ naw. II, Tbilisi, 

1895, gv. 256, somx. enaze). 1903 wlis somxuri kalendari 

arTvinisa da artaanis raionebSi 256 „somxur~ eklesias 

iTvlis. es monacemebi zusti ar aris, gacilebiT mets varaudoben 

somexi avtorebi. 

aRniSnuli naSromebis Semdeg yvelaze „srulia~ 1995 wels 

erevanSi somxur enaze gamocemuli ruka-cnobari „somxuri 

eklesiebi saqarTveloSi~. avtoria prof. samvel karapetiani. 

es is karapetiania, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos 

kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da qarTveli xalxis uSveri 

lanZRviT Tavi rom isaxela (ix. „saqarTvelos saxelmwifo 

politika da somxuri kulturis Zeglebi (1988-1991)~, 

erevani 1998, somxur enaze). am e.w. naSromis Sesaxeb 1998 

wels gazeT „axal saqarTveloSi~ (##43-44) gamovaqveyne 

kritikuli statia, sadac vamxile karapetianis antiqarTuli 

gamoxdomebi da faqtobriv masalaze dayrdnobiT gamovaaSkarave 

am monografiis fsevdomecnieruli Sinaarsi. 

axla vnaxoT, ras gvamcnobs xsenebuli ruka-cnobaris Sesavali. 

somxuri eklesiebi saqarTvelos 40 raionSi yofila 

ganTavsebuli da maTi ricxvi, Turme, 650 aRwevs. Tumca siis 

mixedviT saqarTveloSi aris 638 „somxuri~ eklesia. es Seusabamoba, 

ar vici, s. karapetianis uneblie Secdomaa, Tu misi 

dauokebeli survili, rac SeiZleba, gaberos somxuri eklesiebis 

ricxvi saqarTveloSi. Tumca, sjobs somxurad qceuli ramdenime 

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis magaliTze vaCveno karapetianis 

mier asobiT qarTuli eklesiis misakuTrebis gulsatkeni 

suraTi.» [24]. 

axla gTavazobT xsenebul ruka-cnobars, romlis qarTuli 

Targmani b-nma bondo arvelaZem mogvawoda, riTvisac did madlobas 

vuxdiT. aRvniSnavT, rom sxva „sikeTesTan“ erTad, rukacnobari 

mraval uzustobas Seicavs. aseve unda gaviTvaliswi-

358 359 

noT, rom saeklesio saxelebsa da terminebs somxebi gansxvavebulad 

warmoTqvamen. 

3. 3. 3. samvel samvel karapetiani karapetiani karapetiani _ _ _ „somxuri „somxuri 

„somxuri 

eklesiebi eklesiebi saqarTveloSi” 

saqarTveloSi” 

saqarTveloSi” 

«Tanamedrove saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teritoria, afxazeTTan, 

aWarasa da samxreT oseTTan erTad, Seadgens 69,7 aTas kv.km da 

iyofa 65 raionad (aqedan afxazeTSi-5, aWaraSi-5, samxreT oseT- 

Si-4). saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesiebi ganTavsebulia 40 raionSi. 

Zalian cotaa raioni, somxuri eklesia rom ar iyos. 

aRsaniSnavia, ukanasknel xanebSi gansakuTrebiT intensiurad 

gamodis cnobarebi, romlebSic sakmaod mwirad aris warmodgenili 

istoriuli somxeTis - gugarqis regionis Crdilo raionebi, 

rogoric arian wobofore, boRnofor, qveSafor, kagarq, mangleacfor, 

treRqi da javaxqi. maT dRes Seesabameba: marneulis, bolnisis, 

dmanisis, TeTriwyaros, walkas, ninowmindis, axalqalaqis 

da aspinZis raionebi. 

saqarTvelos istoriul qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, sadac Zveli 

somxuri diaspora cxovrobs, somxuri eklesiebi mravladaa da 

TariRdeba XII-XIV saukuneebiT. Uufro gviandelia dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi _ imereTSi, samegrelosa da kolxidaSi arsebuli 

somxuri eklesiebi, xolo afxazeTsa da aWaraSi yvela maTgani 

XIX s-is bolos da XX s-is dasawyisSi aris aSenebuli. 

dRemde ar arsebobda saqarTvelos somxuri eklesiebis sruli 

cnobari. marTalia, iyo cnobarebi, romlebSic aRnusxulia somxuri 

eklesiebi, magram maTSi Setanilia mxolod moqmedi eklesiebi 

da vanqebi. magaliTad _ erT sofelSi Tu iyo 2-3 

eklesia, siaSi SehqondaT erTi _ moqmedi, danarCeni or gauqmebul 

eklesias ar aRniSnavdnen. 

1837 wels saerTod saqarTveloSi aRricxuli iyo 198 

somxuri eklesia, vanqi da maturi _ patara eklesia saflavze - 

(ix. al. ericiani, „yovelTa somexTa sakaTalikoso da kavkasiis 

somxebi XIX-s.~ wigni II, Tbilisi, 1895 w., gv. 256, somxur enaze). 

agreTve _ 1903 wlis kalendris mixedviT arTvin-artanujis 

raionSi aRniSnulia 256 somxuri eklesia (1903 wlis somxuri 

kalendari, konstantinepoli, gv.363), magram am cnobars aqvs erTi 

arsebiTi nakli: maTSi dafiqsirebulia marto grigorianuli 

eklesiebi, somxuri kaTolikuri ki ara. 

savele muSaobisa da werilobiTi wyaroebis mecnieruli 

kvlevebis Sedegad saqarTveloSi aRricxulia 650 somxuri 

eklesia (SesaZloa, zogierTi gamorCa). isini saqarTvelos dRevandeli 

raionebis mixedviT aris warmodgenili. 

ruka-cnobarSiruka-cnobarSi pirvelad pirvelad miTiTebulia miTiTebulia eklesiis, eklesiis, vanvanvanqis,qis, maturis maturis aSenebis aSenebis TariRi, TariRi, TariRi, Semdeg, Semdeg, Semdeg, aRdgena- aRdgena-restavraciis 

aRdgena- restavraciis 

weli weli da da da bolos, bolos, amJamindeli amJamindeli mdgomareoba 

mdgomareoba mdgomareoba (dayofa Cvenia 

b.a.). 

mTargmnelis mTargmnelis mTargmnelis mTargmnelis mTargmnelis SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: 

1. n. marma qarTul geografiul saxelwodebebs Camoacila eT 

_ sufiqsi da rusulad werda _ Êàðòëèÿ, Êàõèÿ, Ìåñõèÿ da 

a.S. am xelovnurma cdam mecnierebaSi dRemde fexi ver moikida, 

magram axla ruka-cnobaris avtorma samvel karapetianma gamoiCina 

„iniciativa~ da somxurad wers _ afxazia, aWaria, mesxia da 

a.S. es faqti garkveulwilad s. karapetianis tendenciurobas 

mowmobs. 

2. s. karapetianis gancxadeba, TiTqos, pirveladia somxuri 

toponimi-wobofori, boRnofori da sxva, xolo meoradia qarTuli 

- bolnisi, manglisi da a.S. mecnierul safuZvels aris moklebuli. 

es ZirZveli qarTuli mxare (amas mowmobs somxuri da 

ucxouri wyaroebi) erTxans somxeTs hqonda dapyrobili da am 

periodSi zogierTi qarTuli toponimi Sesabamisi somxuri 

TargmaniT Seicvala. amaSi gansakuTrebuli araferia da amgvari 

toponimuri transformacia sxva qveynebis istoriul geografiaSic 

gvxvdeba. aRdga Tu ara qarTuli samefos iurisdiqcia 

qvemo qarTlSi, bunebrivia, moxda pirveladi qarTuli toponimebis 

aRdgenac. 

„friad niSandoblivia is faqti, rom gugarqisa da taiqis 

Semadgeneli kantonebis saxelwodebani somxurad „for“ terminiT 

aris gaformebuli, romelic qarTulad „xevis” Sesatyvisad 

ixmareba. sakuTriv somxuri provinciebis kantonebi ki, rogorc 

wesi, „Zor“ terminiT arian gaformebuli (T.s. hakobiani _ „somx

360 361 

uri istoriuli geografia“, 1968, gv.260 sqolio-I, somxur 

enaze). es mowmobs, rom am istoriul-geografiul erTeulTa 

qarTuli nomenklatura pirveladia, xolo somxuri mis Targmans 

warmoadgens. es bunebrivia, radgan, rogorc viciT, „gogarene”- 

„gugarq“ da „tao“- „taiq“ ZirZveli qarTuli provinciebia 

(akademikos d. musxeliSvili _ „saqarTvelos istoriuli 

geografiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi“, Tbilisi 1980, gv.51, sqolio 

#171). 

s. karapetianma ki qvemo qarTlis toponimika SebrunebiT, 

ukuRma, warmoadgina. 

ruka-cnobari 

ruka-cnobari 

saqarTvelos is administraciuli raionebi, sadac gan- 

Tavsebuli iyo da aris somxuri eklesiebi: 

1. adigenis raioni 20. walkis raioni 

2. axalcixis raioni 21. wiTel-wyaros raioni 

3. axalqalaqis raioni 22. kaspis raioni 

4. axmetis raioni 23. yvarelis raioni 

5. aspinZis raioni 24. marneulis raioni 

6. bolnisis raioni 25. mcxeTis raioni 

7. borjomis raioni 26. ninowmindis raioni 

8. gardabanis raioni 27. sagarejos raioni 

9. goris raioni 28. saCxeris raioni 

10. gurjaanis raioni 29. siRnaRis raioni 

11. dmanisis raioni 30. cageris raioni 

12. duSeTis raioni 31. qarelis raioni 

13. zugdidis raioni 32. foTis raioni 

14. Tbilisis (tfilis) qalaqi 33. quTaisis raioni 

15. TeTri-wyaros raioni 34. onis raioni 

16. Telavis raioni 35. afxazeTi 

17. Terjolis raioni 36. aWara 

18. lagodexis raioni 37. samxreT oseTi 

19. xaSuris raioni 

adigenis raioni 

1. abasTumnis mariam RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1866 w., (somxur 

_ kaTolikuri), restavr. iqna 1905 w., dgas. 

2. abasTumnis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1898 w., dgas (gamoyenebulia 

puris sacxobad). 

3. aralis wm. iosebis, agebulia 1860 w., (somxur _ kaTolikuri), 

dgas. 

4. udes RvTismSoblis (somxur - kaTolikuri), agebulia 

1860 w., restavr. 1905w. 

axalcixis raioni 

5. abaTxevis wm. jvris, agebulia 1870 w., (somxur _ kaTolikuri), 

dgas. 

6. azdoris wm. petre-pavles, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

7. axalcixis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1356 w., restavr. 

1442 da 1833-34 ww., naxevrad dangreulia. aris raba- 

Tis ubanSi. 

8. axalcixis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1831 w. 

9. axalcixis yovelTa wmidaTa, agebulia 1835-37 ww., gadakeTebulia 

yazarmad. 

10. axalcixis wm. grigoris, agebulia 1837 w., moqmedia. 

11. axalcixis erevanis wm. jvris, agebulia XII-XIII s., 

restavr. 1886 w., (adre iyo grigorianuli, axla aris 

somxur _ kaTolikuri), naxevrad dangreulia. 

12. axalcixis wm. jvris (mardas ubanSi), agebulia 1861 w., 

dgas. 

13. axalcixis wm. hovhanes-mkrtiCis agebulia 1850 w., (somxur 

_ kaTolikuri), restavr. 1910 w., dangreulia. 

14. axalcixis wm. stefanozis (rabaTSi). agebulia XVIII 

s. 40-iani w., dgas. 

15. ivlitas wm. jvris, agebulia 1650 w., (somxur _ kaTolikuri), 

restavr. 1691 w, 1782 w., dgas. 

16. winubnis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1879 w., restavr.

362 363 

1900 w., 1908 w., (somxur - kaTolikuri), dgas. 

17. wyalTbilas, agebulia 1849 w., (somxur - kaTolikuri), 

restavr. 1888 w., dgas. 

18. wuRruTis wm. sionis, agebulia XX s. dasawyisSi, dgas, 

magram dazianebulia, Aavariulia. 

19. wuRruTis maturi, patara eklesia saflavze, agebulia 

XII-XIII ss., Ddgas. 

20. wiras wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

21. didi pamaWis wm. jvris- (wm. stefanozis), agebulia 

1900 w., dgas. 

22. naoxrebis (somxur _ kaTolikuri) eklesia, restavr. 

1863-65 ww. da 1886 w., dgas, dazianebulia. 

23. sagelis wm. jvris, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

24. suflis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1843 w., (somxur _ 

kaTolikuri), restavr. 1900 w., dgas. 

25. vales RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1879 w., (somxur _ 

kaTolikuri), dgas. 

26. patara pamaWis wm. jvris, agebulia XIX s., Ddangreulia. 

27. aralis wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

axalqalaqis raioni 

28. abulis wm. haruTiunis (RvTismSoblis), agebulia XIX 

s. 30-ian wlebSi restavr. 1884 w., dangrevis pirasaa. 

29. aganas Tu azanas (ar Cans-b.a.) mTavarangelozis, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

30. azavreTis wm. maStocis, agebulia XX s. dasawyisSi, 

dgas. 

31. alaTumanis wm. kvirikes, agebulia XIX s. bolos, dgas. 

32. alastanis wm. mariamis, agebulia 1856 w., (somxur _ 


33. alastanis „xaraba~. agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

34. axalqalaqis wm. jvris, agebulia XIXs. 30-iani wleb- 

Si, restavr. 1856 w., dgas. 

35. axalqalaqis jvris, gumbaTiani eklesia, nangrevi, agebulia 

X-XIss. 

36. axalqalaqis beris (gandegilis), agebulia XIII s., Ddgas. 

37. arakovas wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., restavr. XX s. 

dasawyisSi, dgas. 

38. arakovas, agebulia VII s., dangreulia mTlianad. 

39. balxos wm. haruTiunis, agebulia XIX s., restavr. 

1868 w., dgas 

40. bavras wm. jvris, agebulia 1887 w., (somxur _ kaTolikuri), 

dgas. 

41. baraleTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1869 w., dgas. 

42. baraleTis wm. hovhanesis, agebulia VI-VII ss., dgas. 

43. beJanos wm. minasis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

44. beJanos „kaTnaRbir Jam~-is, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrd 

dangreulia. 

45. beJanos „vanqi~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., nangrevi. 

46. bzaveTis wm. grigori ganmanaTleblis, agebulia V-VII 

ss., dgas. 

47. bzaveTis jvris samlocvelo, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 

nangrevi. 

48. buRaSenis wm. hariuTinis, agebulia XIX s. bolos, 

dgas. 

49. burnaSeTis wm. maTeosis, agebulia XX s. dasawyisSi, 

dgas. 

50. burnaSeTis „znrul~-is, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 

51. „giumurda~ wm. hambarZumis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

52. „giumurda~ „TaxunTa~, agebulia VII s., dgas. 

53. gomanis wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1847 w., dgas. 

54. dadeSis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

55. dadeSis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

56. diliskis wm. sargisis, agebulia XIX s. 30-iani wleb- 

Si, dgas. 

57. zakis wm. minasis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

58. ixtilas wm. stefanozis, agebulia IX-X ss., dangrevis 

piras aris.

364 365 

59. ixtilas „vanq~-is, agebulia X-XI. ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

60. TaxaCas wm. minasis, agebulia XIX s. 70-ian wlebSi, 

dgas. 

61. lomaturcxis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

62. xandos wm. giorgis, agebulia VII s., dgas. 

63. xandos wm. jvris, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

64. xandos „kirira~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

65. xaveT mrakolis wm. sargisis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

restavr. XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

66. xospias, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

67. xorenias erevmanis wm. jvris, agebulia XI-XII ss., 

dgas. 

68. xorenias „veri Jam~-is, agebulia XIII s., dgas. 

69. xorenias „Zori Jam~-is eklesia, agebulia XII-XIII s., 

naxevrad dangreulia. 

70. xulgumas RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1856 w., (somxur _ 

kaTolikuri), restavr. 1908 w., dgas. 

71. kaWos wm. minasis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

72. karzaxis wm. karapetis, agebulia 1894 w., dgas. 

73. karwaxis „flaw Jam~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss. dangreulia. 

74. kartikamis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1843 w., (somxur 

_ kaTolikuri), restavr. 1908 w., dgas. 

75. kulikamis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

76. kokias „Stabi Jam~- is, agebulia XI-XII ss., dgas. 

77. kokias „kalTubanis~, agebulia VI-VII ss., dangreulia. 

78. kokias sasaflaos, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

79. korxis wm. stefanozis, agebulia XIX s. 

80. korxis Zv. sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia VI-VII ss., 

dangreulia. 

81. okamis, agebulia X-XI ss., dangreulia. 

82. Rados wm. grigol narekacis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

83. majadias wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1867 w., dgas. 

84. majadias wm. hovhanesis vanqi, agebulia XII-XIII ss. 

85. marturis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

86. didi samsaras RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1902 w., dgas. 

87. didi samsaras kldis, agebulia XI-XII ss. 

88. didi samsaras „xaCmaRara~ kldis, agebulia XI-XII ss., 

dgas. 

89. didi samsaras kldis, maturi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 

dgas. 

90. didi samsaras kldis, agebulia XI-XIII ss., dgas. 

91. merenias wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX ss., dgas. 

92. merenias „kotraw Jam~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

93. modegamis, agebulia XI-XII ss., dangreulia. 

94. murjaxeTis wm. jvris, XIX s., dgas. 

95. murjaxeTis, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dangreulia. 

96. Camduras wm. haruTiunis, XIX s., dangreulia mTlianad. 

96.a) Ciflikas wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia 

mTlianad. 

97. sirkis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1911 w., dgas. 

98. suldas wm. jvris, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

99. suldas patara eklesia saflavze (maturi), agebulia 

X-XI ss., dgas. 

100. vaCianis wm. sioni, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

101. vaCianis, agebulia XI s., dangreulia mTlianad. 

102. varevanis wm. qalwul mariamis, agebulia 1842 w., 

restavr. 1856-1903 ww., dgas. 

103. trknas wm. jvris (nSan), agebulia 1891 w., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

104. turcxis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1888-92 ww., (somxur 

_ kaTolikuri), dgas. 

105. turcxis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dagreulia. 

106. patara samsaras _ wm. haruTiunis, agebulia 1891 w., dgas. 

107. patara samsaras wm. giorgis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 

dangreulia.

366 367 

108. qarsepis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., gabzarulia. 

109. qarsepis, sofel azmanaSi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

110. qarsepis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

111. qarsepis „xarTa~, soflis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

112. olaveris RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1899 w., dgas. 

113. orjas Zveli, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

114. orjas wm. Tadeosis da wm. barTlomeosis, agebulia 

1900 w., dgas. 

axmetis raioni 

115. alaverdis faitaSenis, moxsenebulia 1818 w., daqceulia. 

116. maRranis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., daqceulia. 

117. matnis RvTismSoblis, dangreulia. 

118. sanadiros, agebulia XVIII s. bolo. 

119. qistauris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s. bolo, 


aspinZis raioni 

120. bnelas samlocvelo, maturi, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

121. Tmogvis kldis, dgas (aSenebis TariRi ar uweria _ 

b.a.). 

122. Toqis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

123. xizabavra, agebulia 1990 w., (somxur_kaTolikuri), dgas. 

124. xizabavras wm. jvris (xaC), agebulia XII-XIII ss., 

dgas. 

125. xrTvizis wm. hovhanesis da wm. karapetis, agebulia 

1843 w., dangreulia. 

126. tamalas wm. jvris (xaC), agebulia 1843-45 ww., dgas. 

127. tamalas, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

128. vargavas RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1890 w., (somxur _ 


bolnisis raioni 

129. akaiurTas, agebulia XIX s. bolos.,Gdgas. 

130. aRalaris, agebulia 1314 w., naxevrad dangreulia. 

131. araqelis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

132. araxlos, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

133. araxlos, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

134. baliWis, agebulia XIX s. 80-iani wlebSi., Ddgas. 

135. baliWis, maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

136. bektaqaris, agebulia XVI –XVII ss., dangreulia. 

137. bolnisis xaCeni, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

138. bolnisis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1884 w., axla klubia. 

139. bolnisis „karmrakvor~, agebulia 1721 w., dgas. 

140. bolnisis „Sina teReci”, XVII-XVIII ss., dgas. 

141. bolnisis „qerwi taki eRci~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 


142. bolnisis „kamakataris~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., mTlianad 

dangreulia. 

143. bolnisis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

144. bolnisis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

145. darbazis wminda sargisis, agebulia 1237 w., dgas. 

146. darbazis „Tanahli~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

147. darbazis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

148. darbazis, agebulia XVII-XVIII ss., dgas. 

149. darbazis „Rarasu~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

150. darbazis „curt aRabiur~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

1988 w. miwisZvris dros daingra. 

151. darbazis wm. giorgis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

152. darbazis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1465 Tu 1365 ww., 

dgas.

368 369 

153. Turqis darbazis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

154. Turqis darbazis, agebulia XV-XVI ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

155. Turqis darbazis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

156. injoRlis wm.sargisis vanqi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 


157. injoRlis, XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

158. xatis bolnisis wm. giorgi, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

159. kazreTis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

160. kazreTis, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

161. kianeTis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

162. muSevanis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

163. muSevanis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

164. musoprianis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

165. CaTaxis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

166. CaTaxis „kotlebi baR~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

167. CaTaxis „lemsi qol~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

168. CaTaxis „aTaqiSi~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

169. CaTaxis „SanSiberdi~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

170. CaTaxis, maturi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

171. CaTaxis „moloRi~, agebulia 1506 w., dgas. 

172. CaTaxis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

173. CaTaxis forforTis, agebulia 1505 w., dgas. 

174. CaTaxis forforTis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

175. CaTaxis forforTis „kotraz vanq~, agebulia XVI- 

XVII ss., dgas. 

176. CaTaxis forforTis „hakobi geRateR~, agebulia XVI- 

XVII ss., dgas. 

177. CaTaxis forforTis „iTqiorfu eRci~, agebulia XVII 

s., Ddgas. 

178. ratevanis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., restavr. 

XIX s., dgas. 

179. ratevanis sasaflaos eklesia agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 


180. samwveris „kuibulaRi vanq~, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

181. samwveris „uzunqilisa~, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

182. samwveris, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

183. samwveris `SanSianebis sagvareulo eklesia~, agebulia 

XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

184. qiafanakCis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

185. qiafanakCis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

186. qiafanakCis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

187. qiafanakCis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

188. qiafanakCis, agebulia XIV-XV ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

189. qolagiris, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

190. qveSis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

dgas 

191. qveSis wm. sargisis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

192. qveSis „boloraZevis eklesia~, agebulia VII-VIII ss., 


193,194,195 ar Cans! (b.a.) 

196. qveSis maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas 

borjomis raioni 

197. borjomis wm. grigol ganmanaTleblis, 1878 w., dgas. 

198. moliTis wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

199. moliTis maturi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

200. tabawyuris wm. karapetis, agebulia XIX s. 70-iani 

wlebi., dgas. 

gardabnis raioni 

201. axalsoflis wm. sargisi, restavr. 1900 w., dgas. 

202. TeleTis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVIII s., restavr.

370 371 

1887 da 1901 ww., 1989 wels am eklesiaze gaqra 

somxuri warwerebi. 

203. TeleTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

204. wavkisis wm. sargisis, restavr. XX s. dasawyisSi. 

205. wavkisis maturi, agebulia 1493 w., dgas. 

206. wyneTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1881 w., 1990 wels 

gaanadgures. 

207. kojris RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1875 w., dgas. 

208. kumisis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

209. avWalis, restavr. 1895 w., dgas. 

210. martyofis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1888 w., dgas. 

211. norios RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1899 w., dgas. 

212. Savnabadas wm giorgis, agebulia XVIII s. bolo, 

restavr. XIX s., dgas. 

213. Sindisis wiranavor RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

dgas. 

214. soRanluRis RvTismSoblis (grigol), restavr. agebulia 

1884 w. 

215. tabaxmelas wm. giorgi, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

216. tabaxmelas sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia XIVIII s. 

40-iani wlebi., restavr. 1877 w. 

217. oqroyanis, agebulia 1897 w. 

gurjaanis raioni 

218. axaSenis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisi. 

219. gurjaanis wm. sargisi, agebulia XIX s. 50-iani wlebi., 

restavr. 1888 w., daangries XX s. 30-ian wlebSi. 

219. a)kardanaxis, agebulia XIX s. 

220. mukuzanis RvTismSoblis (wm. hambarZum), restavr. 

agebulia 1909 w., dgas. 

221. sof. veliscixe, RvTismSoblis samreklo agebulia 

1888 w. 

222. Cumlayis sasaflaos samlocvelo, agebulia XIX s., 


223. vejinis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisi, 

restavr. XX s. dasawyisSi. 

224. uriaTubnis wm. sargisi, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

225. xovles, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisi. 

226. qodalos wm. RvTismSoblis, XIXs. dasawyisi. 

dmanisis raioni 

227. boslebis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

228. boslebis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

229. ganTiadis (RalamSa), agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

230. gorasis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

231. gorasis, agebulia XII-XIIIss., dgas. 

232. gornjukis wm. jvris, agebulia XVII s., Ddgas. 

233. dunusis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

234. dunusis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

235. loqjandaris, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

236. kaklianis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

237. Rzlajlos, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

238. Rzlajlos, agebulia XVII s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

239. yzlqilisas, agebulia XII-XIII ss. 

240. didi gomareTis, agebulia XVI-XVIII ss., dgas. 

241. didi gomareTis, agebulia XVII s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

242. didi gomareTis, maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

Nnaxevrad dangreulia. 

243. didi dmanisis RvTismSoblis, restavr. agebulia XIX 

s., dgas. 

244. mTisZiris, agebulia XV-XVI ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

245. a. RarabulaRis, agebulia XV-XVI ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

246. a. RarabulaRis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

247. Sindlaris, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

248. pantianis, agebulia XVII-XVIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia.

372 373 

249. javaxqis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

250. sakires, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

251. sakires, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

252. sakires, maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

253. sajas, agebulia XIV-XV ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

254. sarkineTis vanqi, agebulia 1694 w., samreklo. 1721 w., 

dgas. 

255. sarkineTis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

256. sarkineTis, agebulia XVI_XVIII ss., dangreulia. 

257. safarlos, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

258. safarlos, agebulia XII-XIII ss naxevrad dangreulia. 

259,260,261 ar Cans - b. a. 

262. v. RarabulaRis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

263. ukanagoris, agebulia XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

264. ukanagoris, maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

Nnaxevrad dangreulia. 

265. patara dmanisis, maturi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

266. patara dmanisis, maturi, agebulia XI-XII ss., dangreulia. 

267. ormaSenis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

duSeTis raioni 

268. ananuris RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1850 w., dgas. 

269. duSeTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. 20-iani 

wlebi. restavr. 1863 w. da 1892 w. 

270. duSeTis sasaflaos eklesia wm. giorgis, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

271. duSeTis wm. giorgis (tyeSi), agebulia XIX s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

272. Wadijvris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

zugdidis raioni 

273. zugdidis eklesia, agebulia XIX s. meore naxevari. 

Tbilisi (tfilisi) 

274. Tbilisis (tfilisi)kaTolike wm. giorgi, agebulia 

1352 w., restavr. 1808 w. da 1832 w. 

275. Tbilisis beTlemis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1500w., 

restavr. 1718, 1884, 1838 ww., 1990-1993 ww. misi 

gaqarTuleba moxda. 

276. Tbilisis noraSenis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1467 w., 

restavr. 1650, 1795, 1808, 1830 ww., dgas. 

277. Tbilisis Samqoris RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1809 w., 

restavr. 1844, 1858ww., daingra 1989 w. 26 aprils. 

278. Tbilisis moRninis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1356 w., 

restavr. 1752, 1850 ww., dgas. 

279. Tbilisis veris wm. jvris, agebulia 1836 w. XX s. 

90-ian wlebSi akurTxes wm. panteleimonis saxelze 

da gaxda moqmedi qarTuli eklesia. 

280. Tbilisis qarafis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1753 (1600), 

1991 w., gaaqarTules. 

281. Tbilisis kukiis wm. grigoris, agebulia 1789 w., 

daangries XX s. 30-ian wlebSi. 

282. Tbilisis avlabris wm. giorgis, agebulia 1894 w., 


283. Tbilisis dedaTa wm. stefanosis, agebulia 1727 w., 

restavr. 1866 w., 1910 w., gaaqarTules 1989-1991 wlebSi, 

dgas. 

284. Tbilisis CuRureTis wm. giorgis (RvTismSoblis), 

agebulia 1807 w., restavr. 1854 w., 1991 wlis 26 

ianvars akurTxes wm. ninos saxelze da gaaqarTules. 

285. Tbilisis avlabris ejimiawinis wm. giorgis, agebulia 

1806 w., restavr. 1857 1912 ww., moqmedia. 

286. Tbilisis zrkiniacis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1713 w.

374 375 

daangries XXs. 40-ian wlebSi. 

287. Tbilisis Tandoianis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1865 

w., restavr. XIX s. 90 -ian wlebis bolos. Aaxla 

masSi aris kinoTeatri `kolxida~. 

288. Tbilisis xarfuxis wm. sargisis, agebulia 1716 w., 


289. Tbilisis qamoianis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1778 w., 


290. Tbilisis vanqis eklesia, agebulia 931 w., restavr. 

1430, 1715 ww., daangries XX s. 30-ian wlebSi. 

291. Tbilisis mTavarangelozis eklesia, agebulia 1480 w., 

restavr. 1781 w., daangries 1939 wels. 

292. Tbilisis metexis wm. vardanis, agebulia 1893 w., 

daangries XXs. 40-ian wlebSi. 

293. Tbilisis jigraSenis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1704 

w., restavr. 1785 w. da 1893 w., daangries 1930-ian 

wlebSi. 

294. Tbilisis zorabaSis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1600 w., 

restavr. XIX s. 80-ani wlebis bolos. daangries 1995 

w. ianvarSi. 

295. Tbilisis erevis wm. minasis, agebulia 1811 w., daixura 

1924 wels., Ddgas. 

296. Tbilisis patara moRninis eklesia, Sua saukuneebi, 

daangries XIX s. 70-ian wlebSi. 

297. Tbilisis navTluRis waRkevanqis, restavr. XIX s. 

80-ian wlebSi. 

298. Tbilisis avlabris meliqi vanqi, daangries. 

299. Tbilisis wm. ganmanaTleblis, restavr. XIX s. 80-ian 

wlebSi. ra adgilas iyo ucnobia. 

300. Tbilisis sasaxlis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1785 w., 

daangries 1870w. 

301. Tbilisis navTluRis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1897 w., 


302. Tbilisis xojavanqis, agebulia 1655 w., daangries XX 

s. 30-ian wlebSi. 

303. Tbilisis zarivairis wm. karapetis, agebulia 1400 w. 

restavr. 1705w. da 

1870 w. gaaqarTules 1992-1993 ww. 

304. Tbilisis kozma da dima, adgilmdebareoba cnobili 

ar aris. 

305. Tbilisis sahakaSenis wm. karapetis, agebulia 1703 w., 

restavr. 1814 w., adgilmdebareoba cnobili ar aris. 

306. Tbilisis wm. nSanis nikolozis, agebulia 1703 w., 


307. Tbilisis wm. kvirikes, Sua saukuneebi, daangries XIX 

s. 70-ian wlebSi. 

308. Tbilisis Tekenamis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1736 w., 

restavr. 1807w., Ddaangries 18 70-ian wlebSi. 

309. Tbilisis zrataris wm. iakobis, Sua saukuneebi, daangries 

XIX s. 70-ian wlebSi. 

310. Tbilisis nariyalas cixis eklesia, Sua saukuneebi, 

gaTxrebis dros _1990 w. aRmoCnda misi saZirkveli. 

311. Tbilisis didubis ubnis eklesia, agebulia 

1898w. 

312. Tbilisis krwanisis wiranavor (geRard), Sua saukuneebi, 

restavr. 1771w da 1861w. dgas. 

313. Tbilisis Savi ubnis wm. giorgis eklesia, agebulia 

1868 w. 

314. Tbilisis wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis maturi, (somxur-kaTolikuri), 

agebulia XIXs. 

TeTriwyaros raioni. 

315. axalSenis eklesia, agebulia VI-VII ss., dgas. 

316. ardasubnis wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

317. bogv-kamakataris RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1455 w., dangreulia. 

318. daReT-xaCenis didi papis, agebulia 1890 w., dgas. 

319. daReT-xaCenis wm.RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1879 w., dangreulia.

376 377 

320. daReT-xaCenis eklesia, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

321. daReT-xaCenis wm. stefanosis, aRmoaCines 1896 wels, 

dgas. 

322. daReT-xaCenis àRaloi Jam~ an wm. giorgis, agebulia 

XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

323. daReT-xaCenis èRci~, agebulia XIII-XIV ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

324. dmanisis eklesia, agebulia XV-XVI ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

325. TeTriwyaros wm. karapetis, agebulia 1881 w., daangries. 

326. TeTriwyaros `dedofal giol~, agebulia 1617 w., 


327. TeTriwyaros „wxut~, Sua saukuneebi, naxevrad dangreulia. 

328. lipa-eklesia, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

329. lipa-eklesia, agebulia XV-XVI ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

330. winwyaro, wm. sargisis, agebulia XVIII s., Ddgas. 

331. koda, RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. bolo, dgas. 

332. kodas sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

333. manglisis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1878 w., daangries. 

334. didi durnukis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1863 w., restavr. 

1884 w., dgas. 

335. didi engaiTis (jorjiaSvili) RvTismSoblis, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

336. didi ToneTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s. 50-ian 

wlebSi., restavr. XIX s. 10-ian da 90-ian wlebSi., dgas. 

337. muxaTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

338. muxaTis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1913 w., dgas. 

339. samSvildis RvTsmSoblis, agebulia 1854 w., forma 

Secvlili aqvs. 

340. samSvildis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s., 

dgas. 

341. samSvildis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVIII s., dgas. 

342. samSvildis krwanisi, wm. giorgis, agebulia XV-XVI 

ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

343. samSvildis kvirikianebis sasaxlis eklesia, agebulia 

X s., Ddgas; aRdgenilia. 

344. samSvildis wm. sionis, agebulia X-XI ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

345. samSvildis „varJapeti paker~, agebulia XV-XVI ss., 


346. samSvildis eklesia qalaqSi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., 


347. samSvildis, qalaqSi agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

348. samSvildis, mdinare xramis marjvena napirze, agebulia 

XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

349. samSvildis Wantaris vanqi, agebulia XII-XIII s.s. 

naxevrad dangreulia 

350. samSvildis meore eklesia, igive vanqi, agebulia XIII 

s., dgas. 

351. samRereTis wm. nSanis (jvris), agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

restavr. XIX s., dgas. 

352. samRereTis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1612 w., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

353. samRereTis „xaC~ (jvari) vanqi, soflidan 3 km. 

samxreTiT, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

354. samRereTis „geRateRis~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

355. samRereTis „mehri Jam~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

356. vaneTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

357. vaSlovanis wm. giorgis, restavr. 1659 w., naxevrad 

dangreulia.

378 379 

358. vaSlovanis wm. gorgis, agebulia 1659 w., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

359. varxunas RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1645 w., dgas. 

360. varxunas „eco~, soflis eklesia, agebulia XVI-XVII 

ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

361. „patara daReTi~, RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1863 w., 

dgas. 

362. patara durnukis, wm.kvirikes, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 


363. patara ToneTis, wm.giorgis, agebulia XIX s. 40-ian w., 

restavr. XXs. dasawyisSi, daangries. 

364. qosalaris, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

365. qosalaris, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

366. qsovreTis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 

Telavis raioni 

367. axatelis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi, 


368. q. Telavis wm. giorgis deda eklesia, agebulia 1786 

w., dgas. 

369. q. Telavis wm. karapetis, agebulia 1797 w. 

370. q. Telavis wm. giorgis Zveli galavnis, agebulia 

XVIII s., restavr. 1854 w., dgas. 

371. q. Telavis RvTismSoblis sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia 

XVIII s. dasawyisSi, 

restavr. 1878 -1879 ww., dgas. 

372. q. Telavis wm. Tomas maturi, restavr. 1882-1885 ww. 

373. q. Telavis, agebulia XIX s. 60-iani wlebis dasawyis- 

Si., dgas. 

374. larisyuris RvTismSoblis, XIX s. dasawyisi., dgas. 

375. winandlis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1808 w., dgas. 

376. nafareulis wm.kvirikes (RvTismSoblis, wm.Tomas), agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

377. nafareulis maturi, agebulia XIXs. 

378. zanaanis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., Aadgilmdebareoba 

cnobili ar aris. 

379. ruispiris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

380. ruispiris wm. sargisi, agebulia 1875 w. 

381. saniores RvTismSoblis (wm.iakobis), restavr. 1854- 

1857 ww., 1871-75 ww. gamoyenebulia abanod. 

Terjolis raioni 

382. Cxaris RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1866 w., naxevrad dangreulia. 

lagodexis raioni 

383. q. lagodexis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1867 w., restavr. 

1911 w., daangries. 

xaSuris raioni 

384. alis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

385. alis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XII-XIV ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

386. alis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIV-XV ss., dangreulia. 

387. alis wm. qalwulTa, agebulia XIII-XIVs.s. naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

388. alis wm. karapetis, agebulia XIII-XIV ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

389. alis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

390. nabaxtevis wm. karapetis, agebulia ara ugvianes XV 

s., restavr. 1876 w., dgas. 

391. suramis wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis, agebulia XIX s. 

50-ian wlebSi., Ddgas. 

392. suramis wm. hambarZumis, agebulia XIX s., dgas.

380 381 

393. vayas RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s., restavr. 1882 

w. da 1912 w., dgas. 

394. osiauris RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1903 w. 

cageris raioni 

395. lailaSis RvTismSoblis, restavr. XIX s. 

walkis raioni 

396. axalikis wm. haruTiunis (RvTismSoblis), agebulia 

1899 w., 1901w. dgas. 

397. aiazmas wm. giorgis (RvTismSoblis), VI-VII ss., dgas. 

398. aSxalas wm. minasis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

399. burnaSeTis wm. stefanozis, restavr. 1960 w., dgas. 

400. deres wm. haruTiunis (wm.giorgis), restavr. 1855-57 

ww., Ddgas. 

401. xaCis (jvari) wm. giorgis, restavr. 1855-57 ww., 

dgas. 

402. korxiis wm. stefanozis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

403. Raduris wm. sargisis, restavr. 1857-61 ww., dgas. 

404. yiziqilis RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1875-80 ww., dgas. 

405. yiziqilis „karmir vanq~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

406. RuSCis wm. jvris (wm. giorgis), restavr. 1866-67 

ww., dgas. 

407. RuSCis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

408. nardevanis wm. sargisis, restavr. 1860 w., dgas. 

409. noraSenis wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1850 w., dgas. 

410. zinisis (CivTqilisa) wm. stefanosis, restavr. 1886 

w., dgas. 

411. taSbaSis wm. sargisis, agebulia XV s., restavr. XIX 

s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

412. taSbaSis wm. mariamis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

413. taSbaSis (hiuna) RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1860 w., 

Ddgas. 

wiTel-wyaros raioni. 

414. wiTel-wyaros RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1885 w., dgas. 

kaspis raioni. 

415. axalsofelis RvTismSoblis (hambarZumis), agebulia 

1900 w., dgas. 

416. axalqalaqis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s., restavr. 

1894 w., dgas. 

417. axalqalaqis RvTismSoblis sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

418. axalqalaqis wm. karapetis, agebulia XVIII-XIX ss., 


419. grakalis wm. RvTismSoblis (aSenebis TariRi ar 

Cans). 

420. duisis wm. iakobis, restavr. 1899 w., dgas. (axla 

maRaziad aris gadakeTebuli). 

421. xandakis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII-XIX ss., 


422. kaspis wm. petre-pavles, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

423. yaraRajis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1864 w., 

dgas. 

424. niabis nor kiraki, agebulia XIX s. 

425. kavTisxevis RvTismSoblis, restavr. XIX s. 

426. kavTisxevis wm. gabriel da miqael mTavarangelozis, 

agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 

427. kavTisxevis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1595 w., dgas. 

yvarelis raioni 

428. aRdgomis wm. sargisis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi., 

dangreulia. 

429. gavazis RvTismSoblis (wm. sargisi, wm. giorgi), agebulia 

1850 w., dangreulia.

382 383 

430. gremis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1595 w., aRadgines 

1989-90 wlebSi. 

431. gremis (mravalsarTuliani), agebulia XVI s., dgas. 

432. gremis, agebulia XVI s., dgas. 

433. gremis (gumbaTiani), agebulia XVI s., dgas. 

434. gremis (erTnaviani), agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 



437. gremis maturi, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 

438. gremis samreklo-eklesia, agebulia XV-XVI ss., 

dgas. 

439. gremis, agebulia XV-XVII ss., dgas. 

440. gremis maturi, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 

441. gremis , agebulia XVI s., dgas. 

442. gremis gumbaTiani, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 

443. gremis, agebulia XV s., dgas. 

444. gremis eklesia, samreklo, agebulia XVI s., dgas. 

445. zeganis wm. sargisis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi., 

dangreulia. 

446. xaCmianis (sanavardo), restavr. 1836 w., naxevrad dangreulia. 

447. xaCmianis wm. petre-pavles (somxur-kaTolikuri), agebulia 

XIX s. 

448. kuWatanis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVIII s. bolos., 

dgas. 

449. yvarlis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi., 

restavr. 1844-1849 ww. daangries XIX s. 70-ian wleb- 

Si. 

450. Saqrianis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi. 

451. Saqrianis wm.giorgis, maturi, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi., 

dgas. 

452. Sildas RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1858-1860 ww., restavr. 

1914 w., dangreulia. 

453. faSaanis (faSiani) RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. 

dasawyisSi. 

marneulis raioni 

454. aRqiorfis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

455. aRqiorfis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

456. aRqiorfis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

457. aRqiorfis wm. grigoris, restavr. 912-1913 w., Ddgas. 

458. brdaZoris wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

459. brdaZoris, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

460. burmas, agebulia XVIU-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

461. giullibaRis wm. pavle-petros, agebulia 1840-ian 

wlebSi., 1930 w aafeTqes da ise daangries. 

462. damias, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

463. damias . RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

464. damias „zargiar~, agebulia 1656-57 ww., dgas. 

465. Tazaqiandis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

466. xoJornis wm. jvris (naban), agebulia XI s., dgas. 

467. xoJornis „nerqi Jam~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

468. xoJornis „veri Jam~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

469. xoJornis „meliqSen~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangrulia. 

470. xoJornis „meliqSen~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

471. xoxmelis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVIII s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

472. xoxmelis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

473. weraqvis (sof. weraqvi _ aq daibada mixeil javaxiSvili 

(b.a.)), agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

474. weraqis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

475. wobis, agebulia VII s., dangreulia. 

476. wobis wm. giorgis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia.

384 385 

477. wobis „ageR cuxeC~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

478. Rudris wm. giorgis, agebulia XVII s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

479. Rudris „RondaRsaz~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

480. Rudris „moroi ioT~, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dangreulia. 

481. Rudris „SiSTafa~, agebulia XVII-XVIII ss., dangreulia. 

482. Rudris „veri~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

483. Rudris „nerqi~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

484. marneulis wm. giorgis, agebulia XVII s., dgas 

485. didi Sulaveris (Saumiani) wm. mesropis, restavr. 

1887 w., dgas. 

486. didi Sulaveris wm. sargisis, maturi, agebulia XVIII 

s., dgas. 

487. didi Sulaveris wm. kvirikes, agebulia XVII s., restavr. 

XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

488. bniZoris didi vanqi, agebulia 1663 w., dgas. 

489. bniZoris patara vanqi, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangrulia. 

490. bniZoris „xaCi ial~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dangreulia. 

491. bniZoris „spitakSen~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

492. bniZoris „mijin vanq~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

493. bniZoris RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1844 w. agreTve 

1981- 1991 ww. 

494. moliaoRlis wm. sargisis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., 


495. CanaxaCis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1880 w., dangreulia. 

496. CanaxaCis maturi, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

497 da 498 ar Cans, ver amovikiTxe _ b. a. 

499. CanaxaCis, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

500. sionis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

501. sionis eklesia agebulia XVI-XVIIs.s. naxevrad dangreulia. 

502. ulianovkis, agebulia XVII-XVIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

503. ulianovkis „lobialx~, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

504. ulianovkis „aSroRli~, agebulia XVII s., dgas. 

505. ulianovkis „aRqiand~-is., dgas. 

506. ulianovkis „aRqiand~-is, maturi., dgas. 

507. patara Sulaveris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

forma Secvlilia. 

508. ofreTis wm. sargisis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

509. ofreTis „goreli~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

510. ofreTis „goreli~, 1615 w., naxevrad dangreulia. 

511. ofreTis „goreli~, agebulia XVII s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

mcxeTis raioni 

512. axaldabis RvTismSoblis (Zveli sasaflao), restavr. 

1838 w. da 1902 w., dgas. 

513. gldanis wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1896 w., 


514. dampalas wm. jvris (gumbaTiani), agebulia XVI s., 

dgas. 

515. diRmis „karmir kiraki~, agebulia XIX s., 

516. lisis, agebulia 1885 w., dgas. 

517. Zegvis RvTismSoblis, restavr. XIX s., 

518. mcxeTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1851 w., XX s. 30-ian 

w. daangries. 

519. muxranis wm.ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1843 w., restavr. 

1857 w., dgas. 

520. muxranis wm.giorgis (axal sasaflaoze), agebulia 

XIX s.,

386 387 

521. muxranis wm. nikolozis, restavr. XIX s., dgas. 

521a. muxranis naxSirgora RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. 

80-ian wlebSi. dgas. gaaqarTules 1986-1987 ww., 

522. niCbisis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1871 w., dgas. 

523. niCbisis wm. nikolozis, restavr. XIX s., dgas. 

524. cixisZiris, agebulia XV-XVI ss., dgas. 

525. cixisZiris, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

526. cixisZiris, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., dgas. 

527. qandas RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1472 w., dgas. 

528. qsovrisis wm.mariamis, restavr. XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

ninowmindis raioni 

529. asparas, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

530. ganZas wm. karapetis, agebulia 1850 w., dgas. 

531. ganZas „sari Jam~, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

532. ganZas „flaw Jam~, agebulia XVI-XVII ss., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

533. Torias RvTismSoblis (somxur-kaTolikuri), restavr. 

1905 w., dgas. 

534. xojabekis wm. sargisis, agebulia XIX s., restavr. 

1882 w., dgas. 

535. xojabekis maturi „yaraCa”, restavr. 1985 w., dgas. 

536. heStias RvTismSoblis (somxur-kaTolikuri), agebulia 

1856 w., dgas. 

537. yaurmas RvTismSoblis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dgas. 

538. Rulalisis RvTismSoblis (ganmanaTleblis), agebulia 

XI-XII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

539. didi aragialis wm. jvris (xaC), agebulia XIX s., 

dgas. 

540. didi aragialis „weruni~, agebulia XIII s., dangreulia. 

541. didi gionduris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 


542. didi xanaCalis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., pirvel 

naxevarSi., naxevrad dangreulia. 

543. namzaras wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

544. jigraSenis mTavarangelozis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

545. jigraSenis „pikaSen~ soflis eklesia, agebulia XIII 

s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

546. saTxes, agebulia XI-XII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

547. saTxes wm. didi nersesis, restavr. 1869 w. da 1994 

w., dgas. 

548. saRamos eklesia, agebulia XI-XII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

549. saRamos eklesia, agebulia XI-XII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

550. saRamos eklesia, agebulia XII-XIII ss., naxevrad dangreulia. 

551. spasovkas, agebulia X-XI ss., . dangreulia. 

552. vladimrovkas, agebulia XII-XIII ss., dangreulia. 

553. tambovkas, agebulia XIII s., Gganadgurebulia. 

554. tilifis wm. vardan mamikonianis, XIX s., dgas. 

555. ujmanas wm. hovhanesis-mkrtiC (somxur-kaTolikuri), 

agebulia 1851 w., dgas. 

556. farvanas maturi, agebulia XIII s., dgas. 

557. fokas wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

558. patara aragialis wm. stefanozis agebulia 1862 w., 

dgas. 

559. patara giunduras wm. RevondianT mRvdelebis, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

560. patara xanaCalis wm. iakobis, agebulia 1875 w., dgas. 

561. orojalaris wm. iakobis, agebulia XII-XIII ss., da 

aSenda axlad XIX s-Si. dgas. 

sagarejos raioni 

562. kakabeTis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

563. yandauras wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas.

388 389 

564. yandauras wm.sargis, agebulia XIX s. 

565. yandauras `waRkavanq~ maturi, agebulia XVIII s., nax- 

qarelis raioni 

evrad dangreulia. 

582 a. atocis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

566. manavis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

583. dirbis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

567. manavis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad dan- 

584. dirbis wm. Tovmas, XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

greulia. 

585. ruisis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1865 w., dgas. 

568. manavis maturi, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad dangreulia. 

569. manavis „Taraqi“ wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s., nax- 

qalaqi foTi 

evrad dangreulia. 

570. ninowmindis, agebulia XIX s., pirveli naxevari 

daumTavrebelia. 

586. q. foTis wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1869- 

1870 ww., restavr. 1911 w,. 

571. Cailuris RvTismSoblis (wm.giorgis), agebulia 849w., 

restavr. 1893-94 ww., naxevrad dangreulia. 

qalaqi quTaisi 

572. sagarejos RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyis- 

Si, daangries 1940-ian wlebSi. 

573. udabnos kldis daviT garejis, agebulia XIV s., 

574. maturi, agebulia XIV-XV ss., dgas. 

587. q. quTaisis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

588. q. quTaisis wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi, 

restavr. 1844 w., 

saCxeris raioni (arasworia saCxereTi) 

575. saCxeris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 1991 w. 

miwisZvram daaziana. 

siRnaRis raioni 

576. anagis wm. giorgis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyisSi., dgas. 

577. nasomxaris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyis- 

Si. 

578. nukrianis wm. sargisis, agebulia 1872-74 ww., dgas. 

579. zanaanis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

580. q. siRnaRis wm. giorgis, agebulia 1793 w., restavr. 

XIX s., dgas. 

581. q. siRnaRis wm. karapetis, agebulia XIX s., restavr. 

1847 -1849 ww., daangries 1930-ian wlebSi. 

582. q. siRnaRis RvTismSoblis sasaflaos eklesia, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

onis raioni 

589. onis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., 

goris raioni 

590. atenis wm. sionis, agebulia VII s. (arqiteqtori 

Todosaki). 

591. axris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

592. berbukis wm. mTavarangelozis, agebulia 1882-1896 w., 

dgas. 

593. q. goris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVII s., dangreulia. 

594. q. goris RvTismSoblis (mcire), daangries XX s 30ian 

wlebSi. 

595. q. goris wm. stefanozis (aSenebulia Zvelad), 1661 w. 

restavr. 1898 w., daingra 1920 wlis miwisZvris dros. 

596. q. goris wm. stefanozis, (aSenebulia qviT) agebulia 

1708 w., restavr. 1857 w., dangreulia.

390 391 

597. q. goris wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis, restavr. XIX s., 

dangreulia. 

598. q. goris wm. Tovmasis, restavr. XIX s., daangries. 

599. q. goris wm. hambarZumis, agebulia 1790-95 ww., 

600. q. goris RvTismSoblis sasaflaos eklesia, naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

600a. gorijvris zalapis eklesia, agebulia 1491 w., 


601. zerdis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. Bbolos., 

Ddgas. 

602. karaleTis wm. stefanozis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

602.a. karaleTis wm. RvTismSoblis, agebulia XVI-XVII 

ss., dangreulia. 

603. Zeveras RvTismSoblis, restavr. XIX s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

604. xelTubnis RvTismSoblis, restavr. XX s., dasawyisSi. 

605. xelTubnis RvTismSoblis sasaflos eklesia, naxevrad 

danreulia. 

606. didi garejvris RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1887 w., 


606.a. mejvrisxevis wm. sargisis, agebulia XVIII s., 

restavr. 1853-1897 ww., dgas. 

607. nadarbazevis wm. jvris (xaC), restavr. XIX s., dgas. 

608. rexas wm. jvris (xaC), restavr. 1900 w., dgas. 

609. sveneTis, agebulia XIX s. bolos. 

610. tinisxidis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. dasawyis- 

Si., dgas. 

611. tirZnisis RvTismSoblis, restavr. XIX s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

612. tyviavis wm. jvris (ZelWeSmariti), agebulia 1461 

w., restavr. 1899 w., dgas. 

613. ufliscixis wm. jvris, restavr. 1585 w., 1886-1895 

ww., dgas 

614.Uufliscixis RvTismSoblis. 

615. ufliscixis kldis, agebulia XIV-XV ss., dgas. 

616. patara garejvris RvTismSoblis, agebulia XIX s. 

,dgas. 

617. qvaxvrelis RvTismSoblis, agebulia XV-XVI ss., 

dgas. 

618. qvaxvrelis wm. jvris, agebulia XIV-XV ss., dgas. 

619. qiwnisis RvTismSoblis (yovladwminda), agebulia 

1895 w., dgas. 

620. qsovrisis wm. grigor ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 

XIX s., dgas. 

afxazeTi. 

621, anuxvas (gudauTas raioni) RvTismSoblis, agebulia 

1898 w., 

621. a. gagaris, agebulia 1995 w., 

622. eSeras (soxumis raioni), agebulia XIX s., dasawyis- 

Si. 

623. leCkopis wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 20-iani wlebis 

dasawyisSi. 

624. webeldas (gulrifSis raioni) yovladwmindas, agebulia 

1893 w., dgas. 

625. mwaras (gudauTias raioni)wm. karapetis, agebulia 

1885 w., daangries XX s. 30-ian wlebSi. 

626. zigardas (oCamCiris raioni) RvTismSoblis, agebulia 

XX s. dasawyisSi. 

627. fsircxas (gudauTis raioni) wm. iakobis, restavr. 

1885 w., 

aWara 

628. q. baTumis wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia 1885 w., 

dgas. 

629. q. baTumis (somxur-kaTolikuri), agebulia XIX s.,

392 393 

samxreT oseTi. 

630. axalgoris RvTismSoblis, restavr. 1462 w. 1693 w. 

1897 w., dgas. 

631. axalgoris wm. kvirikes, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

632. axalgoris wm. ganmanaTleblis, agebulia XIX s., naxevrad 

dangreulia. 

633. axalgoris wm. giorgis, restavr. XIX s., 

634. axalgoris wm. marinosis, agebulia XIX s., dangreulia. 

635. axalgoris wm. miqael mTavarangelozis, agebulia XIX 

s., daangries. 

636. axalgoris maturi, agebulia XIX s. bolos. Nnaxevrad 

dangreulia. 

637. axalgoris cxinvalis RvTismSoblis, agebulia 1748 

w., dgas. 

638. axalgoris wm. hambarZumis, agebulia XIX s., dgas. 

ruka-cnobari momzadda da gamoica RAA-s xelSewyobiT. A 

awyo da gaaforma „siestam“. daibeWdaAARBEITSKREIS 

ARMENIEU ZURICH-is organizebiT da daxmarebiT. 

E erevani 1995weli». 

somxuridan qarTulad Targmna bondo arvelaZem. 

2006w. 

dasasruli 

dasasruli 

vfiqrobT, araqristianuli iqneba, qarTvelebma Tavi viqoT, 

magram, Tuki vinmes duniaze mezoblobis av-kargobisa rame 

gaegeba da afasebs mezoblobas da mezobels _ Wiris Semamsubuqebelsa 

da lxinis gamamravlebels, _ maTSi qarTvelic 

urevia. qarTvels uTqvams: „mezobelo karisao, naTeli xar 

Tvalisao“, xolo Tvalis naTels, cnobilia, adamiani Tvalis 

CiniviT ufrTxildeba. 

magram qarTvels isic uTqvams: „mokeTes pirSi uZraxe, 

mters-pirs ukano“. zogierT somex mecnierTa logikiT ki, 

Tu vinme qarTvelma xma aRimaRla yalbismqmnel, mtacebel Tu 

cilismwamebel „mecnierTa“ winaaRmdeg, igi Seuwynarebeli 

yofila. Tu qarTvelma mecnierma somexs pasuxi mosTxova: 

«ra sabuTiT isakuTreb qarTveli xalxis istorias da 

kulturaso, Turme, armenofobi yofila. saqarTvelos istoriis 

falsifikaciaze Tu Tvals davxuWav, es aris xalx- 

Ta Zmobis dacva. ai, ase calmxrivad da subieqturad gansjian 

saqarTvelos da somxeTis urTierTobis sakiTxebs bn 

muradiani (zemoT xsenebuli somexi daSnaki mecnieri-a.u.) 

da Zmani misni. barem aqve vityvi: interviuSi gaiJRera, TiTqos 

saqarTveloSi sistematurad qveyndeba armenofobiuri statiebi 

da Sromebi. xazgasmiT vambob, rom, iqneb, Seignos daSnakuri 

propagandiT mowamlulma zogierTma somexma mecnierma 

da Jurnalistma, rom saqarTveloSi araviTari armenofobiuri 

statiebi ar qveyndeba da arc antisomxuri propaganda 

mimdinareobs, piriqiT ki aris. Tu qveyndeba qarTvel 

mecnierTa Sromebi da statiebi, es aris pasuxebi zogierTi 

somexi mecnieris mier saqarTvelos istoriis, xuroTmoZRvrebis, 

ase gansajeT, teritoriis misakuTrebis, usafuZvlo misakuTrebis 

pretenziebis gamo. gana SeiZleba laparaki armenofobiaze 

saqarTveloSi, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi 

naxevar milionamde somexi cxovrobs. saqarTveloSi aris 

165 somxuri saSualo skola, baga-baRi, TbilisSi _ p. adami

394 395 

anis saxelobis saxelmwifo somxuri Teatri, saqarTvelos 

radioSi aris somxur gadacemaTa redaqcia, somxur enaze 

gamodis gazeTi „vrastani~, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi 

60 welze metia arsebobs armenologiis kaTedra, 

romlis gamge gardacvalebamde iyo profesori leon melqiseT-begi. 

XIX saukuneSi erevanSi iyo qarTuli marTmadidebluri 

eklesia. is ise daangries, rom misi arsebobis kvalsac ki 

ver mivageniT. saqarTveloSi armenofobiaze laparaki umadur 

adamianebs SeuZliaT mxolod» [25]. 

rodesac vinmeofobiaze, genocidze, gvariWamiobasa Tu kulturis 

ZeglTa ganadgurebazea saubari, yvelaze utyuari sabuTi 

amisa aris realuri statistika. davsvaT SekiTxva: rogoria 

somxeTSi somex macxovrebelTa procentuli Semadgenloba? 

(ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, 100%-s bevri aRara aklia 

ra!); sxva erovnebis moqalaqeebs TviTmyofadobis Senar- 

Cunebisa da ganviTarebis ra saSualebebi gaaCniaT, mag. skolebi, 

Teatrebi, gazeTebi, umaRlesi saswavlebebi da a.S.? ramdenadac 

CvenTvis cnobilia _ bevri veraferi! 

«es iyo am aTiode wlis winaT erTi qarTveli literatoris 

ojaxSi erevnidan Camosuli, maSinac da axlac, erTerTi 

iqauri Teatris direqtori, aslamaziani gavicani. man 

sufraze _ aramTvralma da ara sadRegrZelos Tqmisas, RimiliT 

da gulwrfeli toniT Tqva: 

- Õîðîøèé, äîáðûé Âû íàðîä, ãðóçèíû. Âîò âû òåðïèòå 

ó ñåáÿ ïîëìèëëèîíà àðìÿí, à ìû ... Â Åðåâàíå, â 

«Èíòóðèñòå» ðàáîòàë îäèí êàðñåëàäçå ... Âñåãî îäèí, 

åäèíñòâåííûé ãðóçèí âî âñåì ãîðîäå! Íî ïîêà ìû åãî 

íå âûòóðèëè, íèêàê íå ìîãëè óñïîêîèòñÿ. 

mxolod raRac arasrul 20 weliwadSi (1939-1958 

w.w.) marto TbilisSi Camosaxlda 25 800 somexi. Camosaxldnen 

ara mxolod loredan da alaverdidan _ erevnis 

axlomaxlo soflebidan da dabebidan, maT ki 250 km-iT 

moSorebul erevanSi, rogorc aslamaziani patiosnad gamotyda, 

erTi qarTvelic ar daayenes» [22]. 

ai, sxva magaliTebi somexTa ciliswamebisa da qarTvelTa 

mimarT umadurobisa: 

«... „somxuri arqiteqturis kvlevis organizaciam~ (erevani) 

kvlav Semoutia qarTveli xalxis istorias da kulturas. 

adre Tu qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebis somxurad 

gamocxadebas jerdeboda, axla aqeT gvedaveba da saqarTveloSi 

somxuri civilizaciis ganadgurebas da eklesiebis misakuTrebas 

gvwamebs. es aTasi fuTi braldeba Tavmoyrilia krebul- 

Si „saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika da somxuri kulturis 

Zeglebi~ (1988-1998), erevani, 1998. (somxur enaze). 

masSi Sesulia saqarTvelos, kerZod, ufro metad TbilisSi 

mcxovreb `TviTmxilvel somexTa~ werilebi „somxuri~ eklesiebis 

Sesaxeb. es werilebi gamoqveynebulia erevnis somxur 

da SedarebiT mcire rusul presaSi. mecnieruli pretenziebis 

mqone statiebic gvxvdeba. krebulis Semdgenelia da 

winasityvaoba ekuTvnis s. karapetians. es is karapetiania, 

1995 wels erevanSi somxur enaze ruka-cnobari rom gamosca 

(somxuri eklesiebi saqarTveloSi), da, arc meti, arc 

naklebi, 650 somxuri eklesia „aRmoaCina~ saqarTveloSi. 

jer epigrafi rad Rirs _ „bedniereba ver gaucnobierebia 

im xalxs, visac civilizaciis damangreveli mezobeli ar 

hyavs~. es formula, Turme, Tavis droze gamoxatavda somxuri 

kulturis beds TurqeTisa da azerbaijanis teritoriaze. 

Cvens mizans scildeba am sami eris urTierTobis 

garkveva, magram erTs ki SevniSnav: tao-klarjeTSi erevnis 

gzirebi dadian da iq mcxovreb musulmanebs qrTamaven, Tan 

„moZRvraven~ uZvelesi taZrebi _ bana, xaxuli, parxali, oSki 

da sxva _ qarTuli ki ara, somxuriao. 

TurqeTisa da azerbaijanis „gamocdileba~ (brWyalebi 

Cvenia), Turme, qarTvelebs gadauRiaT: „didebulad iswavles 

da gadaiRes azerbaijanis gamocdileba qristianul 

saqarTveloSi. am qveyanaSi dRes anadgureben berZnul, rusul 

da germanul, gansakuTrebiT, somxur civilizacias~ (gv. 7), _ 

wers am civilizaciaTa „erTaderTi~ „gulSematkivari~ karapetiani. 

simarTles Tu vityviT, amas ciliswameba ki ara,

396 397 

dabezReba ufro hqvia, risi mizanicaa rusi, germaneli da 

berZeni xalxis gadakideba qarTvelebTan da maT Soris konfliqtis 

Camogdeba. am ankesze ar wamoegeba aravin, miT umetes, 

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi rusi, radgan rusul civilizacias 

saqarTveloSi urigmarigod aravin Sexebia, maSinac ki, roca 

rusis saldaTebi 9 aprils Tu afxazeTis omSi mSvidobian 

qarTvel mosaxleobas ar indobdnen da xocavdnen. 

saqarTveloSi rusuli saSualo skola aris _ 214, saxelmwifo 

umaRles saswavleblebSi rusulad aris swavla _ 

50 specialobaze, saqarTvelosa da TbilisSi mofenilia 

rusuli mwerlobisa da kulturis moRvaweTa Zeglebi – 

puSkinis, lermontovis, griboedovis, gorkis, maiakovskis, Caikovskis, 

anton rubenSteinis da sxvebis. Tbilisis quCebs 

amSvenebs tolstois, polonskis memorialuri dafebi. gulmodginedaa 

daculi da movlili griboedovis saflavi mTawmindaze. 

gamodis rusuli gazeTi _ 15, Jurnali _ 3, arsebobs 

– 3 rusuli Teatri; sistematurad midis rusuli 

gadacemebi saqarTvelos radio-televiziiT; gamomcemlobebi 

„merani~, „saqarTvelo~ da „samSoblo~ scems rusul wignebs, 

saqarTveloSi aris 9 rusuli moqmedi eklesia. 

axla vnaxoT, ra dReSia rusuli ena da civilizacia somxeTSi 

_ „somxuri enis dacvis saxelmwifo komisiam“ didi 

gamarjveba moi pova. wels somxeTSi ukanasknelad gamoica 

rusuli enis saxelmZRvaneloebi. dRes Tuki vinme gabedavs 

Tundac oficialur doneze rusulad xmis amoRebas, umal 

uceremoniod Caawyvetineben xmas. 

somexi bavSvebidan erTeulebiRa Tu swavloben rusul 

skolebSi, romelTa arseboba ukve aSkarad aRizianebs Sesabamis 

uwyebebs da, Tundac erT dRes wauRia wyals, maTze 

mzrunvelobas aravin iCens. rusuli humanitaruli universiteti 

erTaderTi umaRlesi rusulenovani saswavlebelia, 

romelsac kategoriulad ebrZana, saswavleblad miiRos mxolod 

rusi erovnebis abiturientebi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi 

_ somexi axalgazrdebi, romlebsac swavla-ganaTlebis 

miReba mxolod mSobliur enaze marTebT. somxuri enis 

dacvis saxelmwifo komisiam yovelgvari xmauris gareSe 

gaauqma dadgenileba, romlis safuZvelze Sereuli ojaxis 

bavSvebs unda eswavlaT mSoblebis mier aRniSnul enaze da, 

Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebiT maTac kategoriulad mosTxoves, 

bavSvebi mxolod somxur skolebSi Seiyvanon, xolo 

rusul skolebs aseve kategoriuli miTiTeba miecaT, ar 

miiRon am kategoriis bavSvebi saswavleblad. 

rac Seexeba somxeTis saxelmwifo televiziis or arxs, 

iq praqtikulad aRaraferi darCa rusulenovani mayureblisTvis, 

yvela filmi dublirebulia somxur enaze (gaz 

„TvalTai~, 1996, #32, 24-31 oqtomberi; isev ise Zveleburad? 

ara, uaresad!!!). 

erT yvelaze uZveles xalxs saqarTveloSi berZnebi warmoadgenen. 

maTi arseboba aq 28 saukunovan istorias iTvlis. 

am xnis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli miwa mSobliuri gaxda 

berZnebisaTvis. magram somxebiviT pretenziebi ar gamoucxadebiaT 

masze da arc saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis 

miTviseba ucdiaT. isini mSvidobianad cxovroben qarTveli 

xalxis gverdiT dRemde. 1996 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebis 

saministrom miiRo dadgenileba saSualo da umaRles 

saswavleblebSi erT-erT ucxo enad berZnulis SemoRebis 

Sesaxeb. daarsda saxelmwifo instituti_Zveli berZnuli 

enis_bizantiologiis da axali berZnuli enisa da filologiis. 

saqarTvelos radios II arxiT aris berZnul enaze gadacema. 

berZnul enaze gamodis sami gazeTi. Tbilisis universitetSi 

saqarTvelos berZnuli diasporis, berZeni axalgazrdebisaTvis 

gamoyofilia 14 adgili, raTa berZeni ymawvilebi 

daeuflon berZnul enasa da literaturas, Tesalonikis 

universitetSi swavlobs saqarTvelodan wargzavnili 9 

qarTveli studenti. 1998 wels 3-12 ivliss saqarTveloSi 

Catarda berZnuli kulturis dekada. am dReebSi axalcixis 

universitets saberZneTidan gadmoeca biblioTeka. 

axlaxan walkis raionis sofel avranolSi aSenda kidev 

erTi berZnuli eklesia wm. dimitris saxelze. saerTod ki 

saqarTveloSi 50 berZnuli eklesiaa, xolo soflebis pa

398 399 

tar-patara eklesiebs Tu CavTvliT, maTi ricxvi asamde 

gaizrdeba. 

saqarTvelos berZnuli federacia da sazogadoeba uaxloes 

momavalSi apirebs Seqmnas berZnuli gamomcemloba, stamba, 

berZnuli muzeumi, sainformacio saagento da a.S. (ix. „macne~, 

1998, agvisto, saxelmwifo kancelariis saerTaSoriso ganyofilebis 

organo, rus. enaze). 

s. karapetianis ZiriTadi braldeba mainc Semdegia: is SaviT 

TeTrze wers _ TiTqos somxur kulturas spoben 

saqarTveloSi. rac gacamtverebas gadaurCa, qarTvelebi iTviseben: 

`danarCen civilizaciaTagan gansxvavebiT, somxuri kulturis 

Zeglebs uyureben, rogorc yvelaze saSiSs, im mizeziT, 

rom, Tu saqarTvelos regionSi (qarTli, kaxeTi, imereTi) 

somxebi, sxva xalxTa msgavsad, iTvlebian araadgilobrivebad, 

mosulebad, samxreT saqarTveloSi somxebi arian ZirZveli 

mcxovrebni, mkvidrni. amitom, ukanasknel 10 wels saqarTveloSi 

mimdinareobs somxuri istoriuli Zeglebis srulmasStabiani 

ganadgureba da miTviseba~ (gv.7) gv. 116. am amonaridSi 

ramdeni sityvac aris, imdeni sicruea» [25]. 

«... movideT pirvel sityvas da vnaxoT, kidev ra braldebas, 

ufro sworad, ra ciliswamebas kadrulobs s. karapetiani: 

`Znelia, warmoidgino is samwuxaro faqti, rom somxuri 

Zeglebis ganadgureba saqarTveloSi uSualod xelmZRvanelobis 

monawileobiT, saxelmwifo da sasuliero meTaurebis 

Tvalwin mimdinareobs am „demokratiul respublika- 

Si~. SeiZleba iTqvas, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi es xdeba maTi gulgrilobis 

gamo. eduard SevardnaZe ar aris iseTi gulubryvilo, 

ar icodes, ra xdeba. igi gverdiT edga ilia II_s, 

romelmac akurTxa axali qarTuli eklesiis (igulisxmeba 

wm. samebis taZari-b.a.) safuZvlis Cayra~. 

jer imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika 

ironiulad moixsena da brWyalebSi Casva. zogierT 

respublikasaviT qarTveli xalxisaTvis xonCiT ar miurTmeviaT 

Tavisufleba da demokratia. man sisxliT da brZoliT 

moipova igi da aravis aqvs ufleba, gaaqilikos igi da 

dacinviT moixsenios. aseve saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 

ilia II aqtiurad iRwvis saqarTveloSi qarTvel da 

araqarTvel mcxovrebTa, da, maT Soris, somxebTan, qristesmieri 

Zmoba-megobrobis gansamtkiceblad. 

TiTqmis naxevari milioni somexi arsad ise kargad ar 

grZnobs Tavs, arsad somxur kulturas ar eqceva iseTi 

yuradReba, rogorc „somxuri civilizaciis damangrevel~ 

saqarTveloSi. es faqti somxeTis prezidentma _ amJamad 

eqsprezidentma _ levon ter petrosianmac ki aRiara: „ra 

sirTuleebsac unda ganicdideT, modiT, viyoT gulaxdilni. 

damisaxeleT msoflioSi Tundac erTi saxelmwifo, iqneba 

es amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, sadac milioni somexi 

cxovrobs, safrangeTi, iq mcxovrebi 400 aTasi somexiT, siria, 

irani, erayi, libani, argentina an, Tundac, ruseTi, Sua azia... 

damisaxeleT saqarTvelos msgavsi sxva qveyana, sadac somex 

Tems hqondes orasze meti somxuri skola da, kidev erTxel 

vimeoreb, somxuri eklesiebi, Teatri, gazeTi, hyavdes deputatebi. 

aseTi qveyana ar arsebobs. qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis 

ganviTarebis paralelurad ganviTardeba da ayvavdeba 

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb somexTa kulturuli da samecniero 

cxovrebac. qarTuli eklesiis ayvavebis paralelurad 

somxuri eklesia ayvavdeba. me mwams, qarTveli xalxi erTxel 

kidev da samudamod daadga demokratiis, Tavisuflebis, 

erTobis gzas da aRar gadauxvevs~ (levon ter-petrosianis 

sityva 4 ianvars Tbilisis operisa da baletis TeatrSi 

somxuri sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedraze gaz. 

„saqarTvelos respublika~, 1996, #110, 7 ivnisi). diax, im 

dros, roca saqarTveloSi moqmed somxur eklesiebSi mrevlis 

teva ar aris, indoeTSi, amerikaSi, indoneziaSi, honkongSi, 

singapurSi da sxvagan somxur eklesiebs mrevli ar hyavs da 

daxurvis pirasaa (gaz. `golos armenii~ 1996 w. 13 ivnisi. 

„eklesiebi carieldebian~). 

is ki, TiTqos sam aTeulze meti somxuri eklesia 

„gaqarTulda~, ar aris marTali. ki ar gaqarTulda, aramed 

am eklesiebis umetesoba iyo qarTuli, qarTvelTa Znelbe

400 401 

dobiT isargebles somxebma da sxvadasxva dros, arcTu 

sakadrisi xerxebiT, miisakuTres. miTvisebis erT-erTi xerxi 

iyo, rom guSindeli mosuli somxebi mtrisgan gaveranebul 

Zvel qarTul eklesias daepatronebodnen, jer mis 

qarTulobis damadasturebel niSnebs mospobdnen da somxur 

stilze gadaakeTebdnen: sakurTxevels aamaRlebdnen, sanaTlavs 

CrdiloeT mxares gadaitandnen da a.S. Semdeg somxis 

sasuliero pirebs eklesia somxur eklesiaTa siis davTar- 

Si SehqondaT, rogorc somxuri eklesia, misi qarTuli warmomavlobis 

aRniSvnis gareSe. gamonaklisi SeiZleba iyo, magram 

ar Semxvedria. amitom somxuri eparqiis saklesio, saarqivo 

sabuTebi, Tqven ase amayad rom uTiTebT da afrialebT, 

b-no s. karapetiano, imTaviTve nayalbevia da mecnierul ndobas 

ar imsaxurebs. ama Tu im somxurad qceuli qarTuli eklesiis 

istoriis Sesaxeb xelovnuri dumili swored misi 

qarTulobis maniSnebelia. dRes ki dadga dro samarTlianobis 

aRdgenis, qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi sakuTari eklesiebi daibruna, 

kapitaluri rekonstruqcia gaukeTa da qarTuli marTlmadidebluri 

wirva-locva aRadgina. 

s. karapetiano, Tqven erTgvari siamayiT aRniSnavT, „somxuri 

arqiteqturis kvlevis organizacia~ warmatebiT aRnusxavs 

da ikvlevs ukrainaSi, indoeTsa da sxva qveynebSi 

arsebul somxuri xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebso. maTgan TanagrZnoba 

ar gakliaT, s. karapetiano! aba, erTi sinjeT da 

xsenebul saxelmwifoebs usafuZvlo teritoriuli pretenziebi 

wauyeneT, rac ase gCveviaT, an romelime, Tundac, mcirexarisxovani 

maTi Zegli miisakuTreT, rogorc saqarTvelos 

mimarT sCadixarT Tqven da zogierTi sxva somexi mecnieri, 

da mere naxavT, ra megobrul TanagrZnobas da mxardaWeras 

miiRebT maTgan. 

didi somexi poeti ovanes Tumaniani Tavis xalxs moZRvravda 

_ „qarTvelebi kavkasiaSi mudam pirvelebi iyvnen politikur 

da sazogadoebriv brZolaSi... Tu Tvals gadavavlebT 

msoflios xalxTa mezoblur urTierTobebs, ueWve- 

lad dameTanxmebiT, qarTvelebi, rogorc mezoblebi, erT-erTi 

saukeTesoebi arian~. 

samwuxarod, s. karapetiani qarTveli xalxis am keTilSobilebas 

an ver xedavs, an mainc Cirqs scxebs. mas hgonia, 

qarTvelTa damcirebiT Tavis xalxs pativs da didebas moutans. 

scdeba, mwared scdeba karapetiani. davesesxoT isev 

ovanes Tumanians: „is somexi moRvawe, romelic ar daicavs 

somexs da somxeTs, araferi esmis qarTveli xalxis da misi 

istoriuli gzis~. 

vfiqrob, am gzidan gadaxveva qarTveli da somexi xalxis 

Zmobis Ralatia, Ralati ki aravis epatieba, vinc ar unda 

iyos igi. piruTvneli msajuli-istoria umkacres ganaCens 

gamoutans mas» [25]. 

«1881 wels TbilisSi ruseTis imperiis siZveleTmcodneTa 

V yrilobaze cnobil peterburgel aRmosavleTmcodnes, 

profesor d. xvolsons Tavis misasalmebel sityvaSi uTqvams: 

„me bednieri var, rom vimyofebi somxeTis dedaqalaq 

tfilisSio~. sxdomas eswrebodnen da es sityvebi TavianTi 

yuriT moismines akaki wereTelma da sxva moRvaweebma. xvolsonis 

sityvebi ar iyo SemTxveviT wamosrolili. 

somexTa garkveuli wreebi mTels msoflioSi gahkiodnen 

_ saqarTvelo, tfilisi, yovelTvis somxeTis nawili iyo da 

Tavis kanonier patrons unda daubrundeso. aseve STaagones 

d. xvolsonsac. 

aseT viTarebaSi ilia WavWavaZe iZulebuli gaxda, daewera 

„somexTa mecnierni da qvaTa RaRadisi~ (SemoklebiT 

„qvaTa RaRadi~ uwodes), romelSic sastikad amxila somex- 

Ta garkveuli wreebis antiqarTuli, saqarTveloSi qarTveli 

eris sasicocxlo interesebis fexqveS gasaTelad mimarTuli 

gamoxdomebi. ilia, akaki da maTi TanamebrZolebi 

moqmedebdnen principiT: `samSoblos arvis wavarTmevT, Cvenc 

nurvin Segvecileba~. 

iliasa da akakis umcrosi Tanamedrove revaz gabaSvilic 

aRniSnavda: „somxoba aSkara mtrul ganwyobilebas iCenda 

yvelafer qarTulisadmi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi~. „ra

402 403 

kiTxva unda, rom yvela rusi da somexi saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa 

ki ara, arsebobis winaaRmdegic iyo im xanebSi~ [21]. 

Cvenc ilias, akakisa da vaJas gzas gvinda mivdioT: sxvisi 

ara gvinda ra, magram Cvensasac nebiT ar davTmobT. am mamuliSvilTa 

Tviseba piruTvneloba, mkacri mxileba, moswrebuli, 

rig SemTxvevaSi – mware sityva da SeZaxili iyo, magram, 

somex moRvaweTagan gansxvavebiT, arasdros maT gamonaTqvamsa 

Tu azrSi somexTa mimarT mtroba ar ido. 

« ...„qarTul wignSi~ (gazeTi gamodioda saqarTvelos 

erovnul biblioTekaSi, romelSic gakenwvliT axsenebdnen 

ilias, akakis da sxva qarTvelTaTvis saTayvanebel pirovnebebs 

maSin, rodesac xotba_didebas asxamdnen qarTvelTa Tavlafisdamsxmel 

grigol arwruns da sxvebs) gamoqveynebul „arwrunis 

aRsasrulSi“, kamaTis sagnis da mizezis gareSe, 

calmxrivad, tendenciurad, akakis utaqtobaze usafuZvlo 

miTiTebiT aris gaSuqebuli akaki wereTelsa da grigol 

arwruns Soris kamaTis finali. kamaTis mizezi iyo is, rom 

arwrunma gamosca somxeTis ruka, sadac qarTuli teritoriebic 

iyo Setanili goris mazris CaTvliT. amis Sesaxeb, 

mkacri sayveduris Sedegad gaficxebulma arwrunma akakis 

miaxala: „Sen ra gesmis, mTeli somxeTis sve-bedi am kiserze 

mawevso“, razec enamoswrebulma akakim misTvis Cveuli oxunjobiT 

upasuxa: -„mjera, batono, somxeTi kiserze da ararati 

zurgze gadgia, meti raRa ginda, bednieri yofilxaro“, 

rac arwrunma Tavis kuzze dacinvad miiRo da ganawyenda.» 

[15]. 

akaki wereTeli werilSi _ „Cemi aRsareba” _ werda: 

«dRes saqarTvelo dacemulia. adre 15 saukunis ganmavlobaSi 

igeriebda Semoseul mters, Tumca damcirda, dapataravda, 

magram, rogorc rkina cecxlSi, ise ki gafoladda da 

saSviliSvilod andazac dagvigdo: „Wirsa Sina gamagreba ise 

unda, viT qviTkirsao“ da „sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa 

sikvdili saxelovanio“ gadmogvca rusTvelis piriT. am 

ukanasknelma saukunem, romelic sul sxvagvar politikas 

daadga, sulic Seuborka qarTvelobas da xorcic; xorcielad 

viTom mSvidoba mianiWa, magram yovelgvari misi moqmedeba, 

yoveli nabijis gadadgma mimarTuli iyo, rom suli gaexrwna, 

moekla da kidevac miaRwia mizans. vimeoreb, rom dRevandeli 

qarTvelebi suliTac SebRaluli varT da xorciTac da 

SegviZlia, Cvens naSiers is gadavceT, vuanderZoT, rasac dRes 

zaris xmiT imereTSi imRerian: „vaime, dedav, meSinia, ver mivbedav 

karamdio“. 

saqarTvelo rom am yofaSi Cavardnili naxes misma mezoblebma, 

imaT, visac winaT Tavi qarTvelebad mohqondaT, 

didi xnis gulSi nadeb survils, rom aoxrebul saqarTveloze 

Tavisi aayvavon, dro moupoves da kidec Seudgnen ganzraxulis 

sisruleSi moyvanas. mas Semdeg ZalaT far-xmali davarda 

da misi adgili fulma daiWira, qarTveli daZabunda 

da somexi ki gaZlierda _ somexi fuls agrovebs, rogorc 

yovlisSemZlebel Zalas, da qarTvels ki mitom unda, rom 

daxarjos!.. iqeifos!... 

rac Seexeba Cvens mezoblebs, Cven maTi winaaRmdegi arc 

vyofilvarT da arc viqnebiT! Tuki raime simarTle uWiravT 

xelSi, Cven ar vuSliT eZion, magram Tavisa. Sin ki „Seni svi 

da Seni Wame, Cemsas jvari damiwereo“, tyvila ki ar aris 

naTqvami. imisi Tqma, rom Sen nuRa iqnebi da me viyoo, ar aris 

kanonieri!... da is qarTvelic, romelic ityvis: „sulerTia 

vinc unda idges qarTvelebis magier Cven miwa-wyalzeo“, Semcdaria 

da misi ayola ar gvargia. „sityva sxva aris, saqme 

sul sxvaa, sxva udevT gulSi maT dafaruli, xrikia mxolod 

politikuri _ Zmoba, erToba da siyvaruli~». 

akakidan asi wlis Semdeg somxebi kvlav gvedavebian qarTul 

miwas, eklesiebs, qarTul-somxur urTierTobebSi mravali 

problema kvlav dRis wesrigSi rCeba. «somex „mecnierTa“ 

kvlevis „brwyinvale“ Sedegebi gascda „laboratoriis Car- 

Coebs“ da cxovrebis ferxulSi Caeba. javaxeTis teritoriaze 

Seqmnili daSnakuri partiebi „javaxqi“ da „daSnakcuTiuni~ 

(yofili „ierqi“) Riad gamodian javaxeTis avtonomiis 

da Semdgom am nawilis somxeTTan SeerTebisaTvis» [15]. am 

moRvaweebs unda vuTxraT: «Tqveni gza ar aris akaki wereT

404 405 

lis da ovanes Tumanianis gza. amitom SegaxsenebT, rom, vinc 

gamoyenebuli gamoyenebuli Sromebi 

Sromebi 

maT anderZs uRalatebs, vinc qarTveli da somexi xalxebis 

Zmobas Cirqs moscxebs da SebRalavs, mas Cveni brZeni xalxi 

[1]. Tbilisis II saerTaSoriso simpoziumi „qristianoba 

da piruTvneli istoria ganaCens gamoutans. amitom aseT 

Cvens cxovrebaSi: warsuli, awmyo, momavali“, 2005 wlis 

„ocnebas~ Tavi daanebeT da gaagrZeleT ovanes Tumanianis 

24-26 noemberi. 

naTeli gza» [25]. 

[2]. b. arvelaZe – „somxuri YTu qarTuli eklesiebi“, 

somexo somexo somexo somexo somexo xalxo, xalxo, xalxo, xalxo, xalxo, keTilmezoblobas 

keTilmezoblobas 




Tbilisi 1996 w. 

alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa alternativa ara ara ara ara ara aqvs! aqvs! aqvs! 

aqvs! aqvs! 

[3]. i. WavWavaZe „qvaTa RaRadi“, 1899 w. 

[4]. m. TamaraSvili _ „pasuxad somxis mwerlebs“, 1904 w. 

[5]. z. WiWinaZe – „abati petre xarisWiraSvili“. 

[6]. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe – „qarTl-kaxeTi, 

qarTvelTa gasomxeba“, 1999 w. 

[7]. S. lomsaZe _ „gviani Suasaukuneebis saqarTvelos 

istoriidan“. 1979 w. 

[8]. S. lomsaZe _ „samcxe-javaxeTi“, 1975 w. 

[9]. m. TamaraSvili _ „istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa 

Soris“, 1902 w. 

[10]. ev. nikolaZe _ saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918w. 

[11]. g. maisuraZe _ „qarTvel da somex xalxebis urTier- 

Toba 

XIII_XVIII saukuneebSi“, gam. „mecniereba“, Tbilisi, 1982 

w. 

[12]. a. abdalaZe „kvlav qarTvel grigorianTa Sesaxeb“, 

„saxalxo ganaTleba“, 2 agvisto, 1990 w. 

[13]. g. klarji – „somxebis Semosevebi saqarTveloSi“, 

gaz. `jorjian taimsi“, 2003 w., ivnis-ivlisi; 

[14]. q. soxaZe _ „„qvaTa RaRadis“ epoqamde da Semdgom“, 

`mnaTobi“, 2001 w., #5-6 

[15]. d. kananeli _ „literaturul-istoriuli kompozicia“, 

Tbilisi, 2003 w. 

[16]. g. maisuraZe _ „saqarTvelos somxuri mosaxleobis 

sakiTxebi“, gam. „mecniereba“, 1999 w. 

[17]. g. maisuraZe _ `narkvevebi saqarTvelosa da somxeTis 

urTierTobis istoriidan IV-XII ss-Si“, gam. „mecniereba“, 

2002 w.

406 407 

[18]. a. jorjaZe – „samSoblo da mamuliSviloba“. 

[19]. nikoloz durnovi _ „qarTuli eklesiis bedi“. (Targ- 

sarCevi 

sarCevi 

mani mogvyavs d. kananelis zemoT dasaxelebuli 

wignidan). 

rogor wavikiTxoT wigni.......................................................... 3 

[20]. vasili veliCko – „kavkasia“. (Targmani mogvyavs d. 

winasityvaoba winasityvaoba ....................................................................................... 5 

kananelis zemoT dasaxelebuli wignidan). 

somxeTi _ mteri Tu moyvare? ............................................... 5 

[21]. g. klarji _ „somxebis Semosevebi saqarTveloSi“, 

„somxuri saqme” .............................................................................. 5 

„jorjian taimsi“ (26.06-02.07). 

keTilmezoblobas alternativa ara aqvs! ....................... 10 

[22]. i. axuaSvili muxaTeli – „axali qvaTa RaRadi anu 

varT Tu ara mdgmurebi“, Tbilisi 2005 w. 

[23]. a. ToTaZe _ „somexi vai-mecnierebis antiqarTuli 

Tavi Tavi I I _ _ somxebi somxebi 650 650 eklesias eklesias iCemeben 

iCemeben 

isteria“, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbili- 

saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi ............................................................. 16 

si, 2005 w. 

[24]. b. arvelaZe _ „vin amokawra freskebs Tvalebi... “, 

Tavi Tavi II II _ _ rogor rogor da da ratom ratom itacebdnen itacebdnen itacebdnen da 

da 

gaz. „saqarTvelos respublika“, 2006w. Tebervali, #37. 

itaceben itaceben somxebi somxebi qarTul 

qarTul 

[25]. b. arvelaZe _ „qvani kvlav RaRadeben“, Tbilisi, 2004w. 

marTlmadideblur marTlmadideblur taZrebs taZrebs ............................. 35 

[26]. g. maisuraZe _ „saqarTvelos somxuri mosaxleobis 

1. Sesavali.......................................................................................... 35 

istoriis sakiTxebi (IV-XVIII ss)“, wigni II, seriidan 

2. istoriis gayalbeba somxurad ........................................ 37 

_ „amierkavkasiis istoriis problemebi“, Tbilisi, „mec- 

3. qarTul taZarTa dataceba somxurad .......................... 57 

niereba“, 1999 w. 

4. somexTa mamxilebeli publikaciebi .............................. 60 

[27] mariam niauri _ „iveriis gabrwyineba“ 2003 w. #1 

5. Cven ra gvemarTeba, rogor vepyrobiT sakuTar 

(44) 

istorias? ..................................................................................... 98 

[28] mariam niauri _ „iveriis gabrwyineba“ 2006 w. #1 

6. damatebiTi masala me-4 qveTavisadmi ........................... 107 

(49) 

Tavi Tavi III III _ _ rodis rodis gadmosaxldnen gadmosaxldnen gadmosaxldnen somxebi somxebi 


[29] z. WiWinaZe _ „qarTveli grigorianebi“, Tbilisi, 1906 

saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi ......................................................... ......................................................... 124 

w. 

1. somxeTis istoriis „cru farSevangebi” .................... 124 

2. somexTa saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis istoriuli 

wanamZRvrebi .................................................................................. 134 

3. „mefe erekles droSia...” ..................................................... 153 

4. ruseTis politika saqarTveloSi. paskeviCebi, 

bebuTovebi _ qarTvelTa genocidis Semoqmedni ..... 162 

5. amgvarad... ........................................................................................ 170 

Tavi Tavi IV IV _ _ qarTvel qarTvel grigorianTa grigorianTa problema problema.............. 

problema .............. 173 

1. Sesavali.......................................................................................... 173

408 

2. qarTvelTa gaTaTreba da gafrangeba, rogorc 

gasomxebis xelSemwyobi procesi ...................................... 174 

3. qarTvelTa gasomxeba .............................................................. 185 

4. „ruseTs Tavisi samxreTis sazRvarTan „erTguli 

ZaRlis” dabma sWirdeboda”............................................... 204 

5. somexTa umravlesobas qarTveli grigorianebi 

Seadgendnen..................................................................................... 209 

6. qarTuli enis devna da qarTvelTa „ganTviseba” .. 216 

7. somexTa mamxilebeli publikaciebi .............................. 225 

8. xandaxan somxebs rusebic ubrazdebodnen................. 255 

9. „usircxvilos Tu ar arcxven, baZviT morcxvic 

gaurcxvdebis” ............................................................................. 279 

Tavi Tavi V V _ _ daSnakebi daSnakebi da da neodaSnakebi neodaSnakebi .............................. 

.............................. .............................. 285 

1. daSnakebis memkvidre neodaSnakebis ZiriTadi samizne 

javaxeTia ........................................................................................ 285 

2. daSnakebis omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg .................... 295 

3. neodaSnakebi, anu _ Cveni drois daSnakebi ................ 306 

Tavi Tavi VI VI _ _ _ somexTa somexTa sarwmunoebisaTvis 

sarwmunoebisaTvis sarwmunoebisaTvis ...................... ...................... 311 

1. Seagonebdnen somexTa............................................................... 311 

2. petrosianni da ara grigorianni .................................... 312 

3. somexTa swavlebis mxileba ............................................... 315 

4. istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani .......................... 338 

5. cecxlTan TamaSi ....................................................................... 348 

Tavi Tavi VII VII _ _ _ ruka-cnobari ruka-cnobari . .................................................... 354 

1. Sesavali.......................................................................................... 354 

2. qarTuli eklesiebis misakuTreba grZeldeba... ...... 355 

3. samvel karapetiani _ „somxuri eklesiebi 

saqarTveloSi”.................................................................................... 358 

dasasruli 

dasasruli............................................................................................ 

dasasruli 

dasasruli ............................................................................................ 393 

gamoyenebuli gamoyenebuli Sromebi Sromebi Sromebi.................................................................. 

Sromebi Sromebi .................................................................. 405

Zigni somx-qart.urt.-II gamocema_1.pmd

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