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Tanamedrove energoefeqturi teqnologiebisa daganaTebis iniciativakorporatiuli xelSekruleba # 114-A-00-05-00106-00<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong><strong>gegma</strong>, TbilisiCity of TbilisimerebisSeTanxmebaadgilobrivi<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong>ganviTarebadokumentSi mocemuli informacia ar aris aSS-s mTavrobis oficialuri informacia da arwarmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> saagentos an aSS mTavrobis pozicias damosazrebebs.

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong><strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>damkveTi:amerikis SeerTebuli StatebissaqarTvelo, TbilisisaerTaSoriso <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> saagento jorj balanCinis q. 11Sesrulebulia:“Tanamedrove energoefeqturi teqnologiebisa saqarTvelo, Tbilisi 0179da ganaTebis iniciativis” i. WavWavaZis me-2 Cixi, #4/8(“naTeli”) mier tel: +995 32 50 63 43faqsi: +995 32 93 53 52Tbilisi, 2011- 2 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>SinaarsiSesavali – merebis SeTanxmeba da qalaqi Tbilisi ................................................................ - 5 -qalaqi Tbilisi – mokle mimoxilva ............................................................................................... - 6 -strategiuli xedva .................................................................................................................................... - 7 -1. transportis seqtori ....................................................................................................................... - 11 -1.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi............................................................. - 11 -1.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli biznesis gziT (BAU)<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari transportis seqtorisaTvis ................................................................. - 26 -1.3. Tbilisis satransporto seqtoris <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> ....................................................... - 32 -1.4. qmedebebis aRwera ............................................................................................................................ 402. Senobebi ...................................................................................................................................................... 472.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi ................................................................. 472.1.1. Senobebis mier energiis moxmarebis analizi .................................................................... 492.2. Senobebidan saTburis gazebis sabaziso done........................................................................ 682.2.1. energiis saboloo momxmarebeli teqnologiebis Sefaseba ........................................ 692.2.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli biznesis gziT (BAU)<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari sayofacxovrebo seqtorisaTvis .......................................................... 852.3. qalaqis Senobebidan saTburis gazebis emisiis Semcirebis strategia .................. 942.4. Senobebidan emisiis Semcirebis <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>................................................................... 982.5. qmedebebis aRwera. .............................................................................................................................. 1033. gare ganaTebis seqtori ................................................................................................................... 1193.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi ................................................................ 1193.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli gziT <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> (BAU)scenari gare ganaTebis seqtorisTvis ............................................................................................. 1203.3. gare ganaTebis seqtoris <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>.......................................................................... 1233.4. qmedebebis aRwera .......................................................................................................................... 1244. municipaluri nagavsayrelebis seqtori .................................................................................... 1264.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi ............................................................... 1264.2. saTburis gazebis emisiis sabaziso done da tradiciuli biznesis (BAU) gziT<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari municipaluri nagavsayrelebis seqtorisTvis ................................ 130- 3 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Sesavali – merebis SeTanxmeba da qalaqi Tbilisi2010 wlis oqtomberSi TbilisSi gaimarTa merebis SeTanxmebisadmimiZRvnili konferencia, sadac xazi gaesva qalaqebis, rogorc kompleqsurisistemebis, mniSvnelobas saTburis gazebis emisiebis SemcirebaSi. evrokavSirismier gansazRvruli energoefeqturobis ganxorcielebis prioritetebisfarglebSi qalaqebisaTvis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmisSemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis saqmeSi mTavar warmmarTvel ZaladganisazRvra municipaliteti.2010 wels merebis SeTanxmebis xelmoweriT Tbilisis meria SeuerTdainiciativas, romelic miznad isaxavs 2020 wlamde Tbilisis gadaqcevas“mcirenaxSirbadian qalaqad” – mizani, romlic miRweul unda iqnas qalaqissocialur da ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan erTad.aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad Tbilisis meriam SeimuSava q. Tbilisis<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> (SEAP), romelic moicavs: dedaqalaqSi energiis moxmarebis Semcirebis saerTo strategiisSemuSavebas saTburis gazebis sabaziso emisiis inventarizaciis da tradiciuli gziTsaqmianobis (BAU) scenaris momzadebas TbilisisTvis 2020 wlamde periodisTvis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong>gegmis SemuSavebas energoefeqturobis konkretuli RonisZiebebiT Tbilisis meriis mTavari administraciuli mamoZravebeli rolisaRiarebas transportis, Senobebisa da municipaluri infrastruqturisseqtorebSi energiis moxmarebasa da ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebisgamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela saqmianobis ganxorxorcielebaSi,rac municipalitetis mxardaWeris gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazrda energiis dazogvis RonisZiebaTaSesaxeb misTvis meti informaciis miwodebiT.Tbilisis ekonomikuri <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> swrafi tempi, mosaxleobis zrdistrendi da erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrda safuZvlad daedo 2020 wlamdeperiodis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenars da konkretuli RonisZiebebis dagegmvasqalaqSi energiis moxmarebisa da CO2 –is gamoyofis Semcirebis mizniT.Tbilisis meriam ivaldebula SEAP <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuRonisZiebaTa Sesruleba da 2020 wlisTvis TbilisSi CO 2 -is emisiebis 24%-iTSemcireba.- 5 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>seqtoris wili 10%-iT metia, vidre sxvagan qveynis masStabiT da saqarTvelosekonomikis mTliani zrdis 84%-s Seadgens. Tbilisis ekonomika dafuZnebuliaseqtorul industriaze, transportsa da komunikaciebze, rac mTlianobaSidedaqalis ekonomikuri zrdis naxevarze metia.strategiuli xedva<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis mTavari mizaniTbilisSi energiis moxmarebis Sedegad miRebuli CO 2 -is emisiis Semcirebaa.amasTan erTad moxdeba emisiis STanTqmis bunebrivi wyaroebis gazrdac,rogoricaa dedaqalaqis garSemo arsebuli tyis safari da qalaqSi arsebuliparkebi, mwvane farTobebis gazrda da ganviTareba. merebis SeTanxmebasTanerTad, Tbilisis meria valdebulebas iRebs gadaaqcios Tbilisi samxreTkavkasiis “mwvane dedaqalaqad”.TbilisSi <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmisganxorcielebasTan erTad aucilebeli gaxdeba qalaqis kulturuli daistoriuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba, yvela dainteresebuli mxaris (kerZoseqtori, saxelmwifo seqtori, qalaqis mmarTveloba) CarTva dagegmvisa daganxorcielebis procesSi, moqalaqeebis informirebulobis gazrda da amavedros maTi qcevis normebis Secvla, upirveles yovlisa, energiis moxmarebisseqtorSi axali mcirenaxSirbadiani teqnologiebis danergvis procesSi. .2009 wlis ivnisSi Tbilisis sakrebulom daamtkica dedaqalaqis momavali<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> strategiuli <strong>gegma</strong> (SemdgomSi wodebuli – Tbilisisstrategiuli <strong>gegma</strong>). <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> daqalaqis teritoriaze saTburis gazebis gamoyofis wyaroebis SesamcirebladSemuSavebuli strategia eyrdnoba Tbilisis strategiuli gegmis iseTprioritetebs, rogoricaa: transportis seqtoris ganviTareba (Tavi VIII);qalaqis eleqtroenergiiTa (Tavi IX, muxli 15) da gaTbobiT momaragebis (TaviIX, muxli 17 da 18) gaumjobeseba, sxva infrastruqturis, rogoricaa,municipaluri wyalmomarageba (Tavi IX, muxli 11) da naxmari wylebis marTvisgaumjobeseba (Tavi IX, muxli 12). aseve gaTvaliswinebulia am gegmis Tavi VII,romelic exeba landSafturi garemos ganviTarebas da <strong>gegma</strong>vs mwvane zonebisgafarToebas, rasac Sedegad mohyveba CO2 STanTqmis wyaroebis zrda qalaqisteritoriaze. marTalia, Tbilisis strategiuli <strong>gegma</strong> ar moicavs STanTqmiswyaroebis gazrdisaTvis saWiro konkretul nabijebs, magram gansazRvravszogad xedvas, romelic <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Sikonkretuli qmedebebis saxiT aris gawerili.2005 wlidan TbilisSi aqtiurad mimdinareobs qalaqis arsebuliinfrastruqturis reabilitacia da axlis Seneba, gansakuTrebiT viTardebatransportis infrastruqtura, rasac mohyva quCebSi moZraobis gadatvirTva.adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi yvelaze didi wili samSenebloseqtorze modis, Tumca energoefeqtur teqnologiebs aq jer sakmarisad argamoiyenebeben. Qqalaqis gareganaTebis seriozuli zrdis Sedegad metad- 7 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>SenobebiTbilisis strategiuli <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmiT gansazRvrulia rigienergoefeqturi RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba arsebuli Senobebis mimarT. maTSoris aris: eleqtroenergiis sadistribucio danakargebis Semcireba,wyalmomaragebis sistemis energoefeqturobis amaRleba, municipalur da kerZoSenobebSi siTbos ganawilebis danakargebis Semcireba, efeqturi aRricxva dagazis distribuciis danakargebis Semcireba. Tumca, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaar eqceva Senobebis mier energiis moxmarebas da energoefeqturiRonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas am seqtorSi.Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si Senobebis seqtorimeore adgilze dgas saTburis gazebis emisiis raodenobiT. saTburis gazebisemisiis Semcirebis mxriv, Zalian didi potenciali gaaCnia gaTbobisqveseqtors. moklevadiani strategiis Tanaxmad (2011-2015) dagegmilia gaTbobissistemebis efeqturobisa da gaTbobis sferoSi ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebisgamoyenebis gazrda (geoTermuli energia, biomasis energia da mzis energia),gansakuTrebiT municipaluri Senobebis xarjze (sabavSvo baRebi,poliklinikebi da a.S.).saSualovadiani staretegiiT (2014-2017) dagegmilia zemoxsenebulienergoefqturobis RonisZiebaTa danergva aramunicipalur SenobebSic.(skolebi, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebi da sxv.), xolo grZelvadiani strategia(2015-2020) iTvaliswinebs energoefqturobis zrdasa da meti ganaxlebadienergiis gamoyenebas. ganxorcieldeba, agreTve, sxva energoefeqturiRonisZiebebi.<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmis mixedviT Senobebis mier energiismoxmarebis seqtoris miznebi Semdegia:energomoxmarebis arsebuli praqtikis SecvlazemoT aRwerili RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro garemosSeqmnaganaxlebadi energiis wilis gazrda siTbos miwodebaSimomxmareblebis energodanaxarjebis Semcireba yvela sayofacxovrebokategoriaSienergiis moxmarebis iseTi saSualo maCveneblis miRweva, romelicSesabamisobaSi iqneba evrokavSiris minimalur standartebTan.municipaluri infrastruqturis seqtorimunicipaluri infrastruqturis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> starategia moicavs eqvsqveseqtors da miznad isaxavs municipaluri nagavsayrelebidan (rogorc- 9 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>daxuruli, aseve axali) da naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebidanmeTanis (CH 4 ) CaWeras, energoefeqturobis gazrdasa da ganaxlebadi energiiswilis matebas gare ganaTebis seqtorSi, eleqtro- da gazmomaragebis qselebSidanakargebis Semcirebas da qalaqSi mwvane zonebis gafarToebas.saqarTvelo ar miekuTvneba gaeros klimatis cvlilebis CarCo konvenciis(UNFCCC) danarT I-Si Sesul qveynebs da ar aris valdebuli ganaxorcielosCO2–is emisiis Semcirebis RonisZiebebi. Tumca, saqarTvelom araerTxelgamoxata mzadyofna am RonisZiebebis nebayoflobiT gatarebis Sesaxebindustriuli qveynebis mxridan Sesabamisi materialuri mxardaWerisSemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos meore erovnul SetyobinebaSi gaeros klimatiscvlilebis CarCo konvenciis mimarT (UNFCCC) 2 warmodgenilia <strong>energetikis</strong>seqtorSi saTburis gazebis emisiebis Semcirebis strategia, Tumca misiganxorcielebis valdebuleba qveyanas jer ar auRia. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> unda miviCnioT, rogorcpirveli realuri nebayoflobiTi RonisZieba saTburis gazebis emisiisSemcirebis mizniT. mTeli saqarTvelos emisiis erTi mesamedi Tbilisze modis.amdenad, Tbilisis municipalitetis mier gadagmuli konkretuli nabijebimniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans naxSirbadis emisiis Semcirebis saqmeSi. amasTanerTad, Tbilisi gaxdeba sanimuSo magaliTi saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebisa dagaeros konvenciis danarT I-Si arSesuli sxva qveynebisTvis.2 saqarTvelos erovnuli Setyobinebebi klimatis cvlilebis CarCo konvenciis mimarT. 1999 da 2009- 10 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>1. transportis seqtori1.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebiTbilisi, rogorc qveynis dedaqalaqi, yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuliqalaqia saqarTveloSi. rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, saqarTvelos erovnulistatistikis samsaxuris monacemebis mixedviT, 2010 wlis ianvarSi Tbilisismosaxleoba 1,152,500-iT ganisazRvra, rac mTeli qveynis mosaxleobis TiTqmis30% Seadgens (4 436.4 aTasi 2010 wlis 1 ianvrisTvis 3 ). qalaqis mosaxleobiszrdasTan erTad mniSvnelovnad gaizarda satransporto nakadic TbilisSi,rasac Sedegad mohyva CO2 emisiis zrda transportis seqtoridan iseve, rogorcsxva Tanmdevi movlenebi, rogoricaa, gadatvirTuli moZraoba, mwvane zoliskargva, garemos dabinZureba da gadaWarbebuli xmauri. Tu 1991 welstransportis wili TbilisSi naxSirbadis mTlian emisiaSi 70% iyo, 2005 welsam maCvenebelma haeris dabinZurebis 91% Seadgina 4 . gaeros klimatiscvlilebebis CarCo koncvenciis mimarT saqarTvelos meore erovnuliSetyobinebis mixedviT, 2000 wels CO2 emisia transportis qveseqtoridan 1,111.9aTasi tona iyo, rac <strong>energetikis</strong> seqtoris emisiis 35.0% Seadgenda, mTliani CO2emisiis 30%, da mTeli qveynis masStabiT saTburis gazebis mTliani emisiis -10.1%. qveseqtorSi emisiis meti wili sagzao transportze modis da Seadgens1,052.9 aTasi tona CO2 - s, rac 2000 wlisTvis mTeli transportisqveseqtoridan CO2-is emisiis 94.7% iyo 5 . Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom es monacemebigamoTvlilia mTeli qveynis masStabiT, es informacia gamosadegiadedaqalaqSi transportis seqtoridan miRebuli naxSirbadis emisiis Sesaxebwarmodgenis Sesaqmnelad.Tbilisis satransporto seqtoris arsebuli da momavalSi SesaZloproblemebi nawilobriv qalaqis urbanul morfologias ukavSirdeba. Tbilissaqvs zolisebri forma gaSlili grZivi veqtoris gaswvriv ori paraleluribarieriT: bunebrivi – mdinare mtkvari da xelovnuri - rkinigza. es barierebiaferxeben avtomobilebis moZraobas , ramdenadac manqanebma unda gadakveTon ambarierebiT Semqmnili urbanuli sazRvrebi da Sedegad ferxdeba haerisdamabinZurebelebis dispersia. dedaqalaqi garSemortymulia mTebiT, rac kidevarTulebs transportis moZraobas.3 http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=472&lang=geo4 transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> ganviTareba TbilisSi: axlandeli gamowvevebi da momavlis perspeqtiva. mixeilTuSiSvilis prezentaciis mixedviT5 saqarTvelos meore erovnuli Setyobineba gaeros klimatis cvlilebebis CarCo konvenciisaTvis. 2009- 11 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>suraTi 1: Tbilisis sacobebi. wyaro - transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> ganviTareba TbilisSi: axlandeligamowvevebi da momavlis perspeqtiva. mixeil TuSiSvilis prezentaciis mixedviTtransportis infrastruqtura2003 wlis Semdeg Tbilisis meriam ganaxorciela rigi proeqtebisa,romelTa mizani iyo transportis infrastruqturisa da marTvis sistemisgaumjobeseba da ganviTareba. daiwyo Tbilisis gzebis farTo sareabilitaciosamuSaoebi, romlebic amJamadac grZeldeba. 2005 wlisTvis gzebisgaumjobesebis mizniT municipaluri biujetidan gamoyofili da daxarjuliTanxis odenobam 82.3 milion lars miaRwia, 2008 wels - 86.7 milion lars,xolo 2009 wels - 111.6 milion lars. 7 Seiqmna e.w. “veris samkuTxedi”, racuzrunvelyofda calmxriv moZraobas varazisxevsa da meliqiSvilis quCebze,romlebic yvelaze gadatvirTulad iTvleboda qalaqSi. 2010 wels daiwyogzatkecilis Seneba mdinare vereze, romlis saSualebiTac vakisa dasaburTalos raionebi pirdapir ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, WavWavaZis gamzirisgverdis avliT, sadac mudmivad sacobi iqmneboda. 8 axali gzatkeciliswyalobiT Sesustda moZraoba pekinis gamzirzec. saaTSi 2400 manqanis nacvlad,manqanebis nakadi saaTSi 2100-mde Semcirda. 9gzebis mSeneblobasa da reabilitaciasTan erTad, Tbilisis meriis erTerTimTavari prioritetia transportis infrasqtruqturis SesaZleblobaTagazrda da moZraobis sacobebis Semcireba markirebis, gzajvaredinebisa daSuqniSnebis sistemis gamarTviTa da qalaqSi saTanado parkingis sistemismowyobiT.7 http://tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=1748 Tbilisis urbanuli transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gamowvevebi da SesaZlo gadawyveta.seminari urbanuli transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>a da miwis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. 18-20oqtomberi, 2006 w, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo.9 informacia miRebulia Tbilisis meriis municipaluri transportis ganyofilebidan.- 13 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sur 2: axali SuqniSnebis sistema gzajvaredinebze – beliaSvilis da CaCavas quCebi. wyaro:www.tbilisi.gov.gee.w. “mwvane talRis” sistema pekinis gamzirze xels uwyobs avtomobilebisSeuferxebel moZraobas eqvsi gzis gadakveTaze. am sistemis SemoRebamde,daaxloebiT 2100 manaqana (TiToeuli saaTis ganmavlobaSi) unda gaCerebuliyoeqvsidan oTxi gzis gadakveTaze. axla, mxolod 800 manqana Cerdeba origadakveTis wertilze, Sedegad, avtomobilebis nakadis moZraoba bevradswrafia da maT mier moxmarebuli sawvavic - naklebi (daaxloebiT 1920litriT naklebi dReSi). 10sistemis SemoRebisSemdegaxali sistemis SemoRebamdenax. 1: sawvavis moxmarebis Semcireba pekinis “mwvane talRis” sistemis SemoRebisSemdeg, (wiTeli zoli gviCvenebs amJamindel mdgomareobas, lurji – adrindels)informaciis wyaro: municipaluri transportis departamenti, 2011 w.axlo momavalSi “mwvane talRis” sistemebi dainergeba budapeStis quCazeda vazisubanSi, agreTve, “isnis” metrosTan. Tbilisis municipaliteti <strong>gegma</strong>vsmoZraobis SuqniSnebis marTvis centris Seqmnas, romelic uzrunvelyofsSuqniSnebis efeqtur eleqtronul marTvas mTeli qalaqis masStabiT.2007 wels qalaqis sakrebulom TbilisisTvis daamtkica parkingis axalisistema da gansazRvra specialuri adgilebi parkingisTvis. 2010 wlisaTvis10 municipaluri transportis ganyofilebis informacia. Tbilisis meria- 14 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>ukve arsebobda daaxloebiT 11,600 damtkicebuli parkingis adgili 11 . qalaqismmarTveloba sapatrulo policiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT gansazRvravsparkingis adgilebs da akontrolebs araoficialuri gaCerebebis adgilebs.Tumca, moZraobis didi moculobis, oficialuri parkingis adgilebisnaklebobisa da tarebis wesebis darRvevebis Cvevis gamo, mainc xSiradSevxvdebiT trotuarebTan ukanonod gaCerebul manqanebs. meriam misimunicipaluri ganyofilebis saSualebiT unda marTos parkingis sistema, anmarTvis kontraqti gaaformos sxva kompaniasTan. amJamad, kerZo kompania “siTiparki” marTavs Tbilisis parkingis sistemas. Mmunicipaliteti awesebs gaCerebisgadasaxadebs an gadasaxadebis qveda da zeda zRvrebs, magram kerZo operatorsSeuZlia gansazRvros gadasaxadi municipalitetis sazRvrebSi gaCerebisadgilis, dRis drois monakveTis an kviris dReebidan gamomdinare. amJamad,municipalitetis mier dawesebuli parkirebis gadasaxadi Seadgens 50 larsweliwadSi da 2 lars - kviraSi. axlo momavalSi “siTi parkma” SeiZlebaSemoiRos gadasaxadebis diversificirebuli sistema. garda amisa, qalaqis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gaTvaliswinebiT dagegmilia meti gare da quCis-miRma parkingisadgilebis Seqmna. 12 agreTve, unda aRiniSnos, rom meriis amJamindelimoTxovnebis Tanaxmad, yvela axlad aSenebul sacxovrebel Tu komerciulmravalsarTulian Senobas unda gaaCndes miwisqveSa parkingis adgili, racmniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs parkingis mdgomareobas qalaqSi.qalaqis transportis Semadgenloba<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> winamdebare <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> ganixilavsda aanalizebs Tbilisis transportis sami ZiriTadi saxeobis saavtomobiloparks:sazogadoebrivikerZomunicipalitetis kuTvnili avtoparki.<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si ganxiluli 2009 wlissabaziso emisiis inventarizaciis Tanaxmad , Tbilisis SigniT regularulimgzavrebis moZraoba weliwadSi sul 7544 milion mgzavr- kilometrsSeadgenda, aqedan 73% kerZo manqanebiT sruldeboda, 27% ki – sazogadoebrivitransportiT. sazogadoebrivi transportiT Sesrulebuli mgzavrkilometrebisraodenobis TiTqmis 50.3% mini-avtobusebze modis, 25.1% -avtobusebze da 24.6% - metroze. qvemoT mocemul grafikze naCvenebia Tbilisistransportis tipebis dayofa 2009 wlis monacemebiT.11 saqarTvelos transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> proeqtis saorientacio rukis proeqti.SYSTRA. 201012 parkingis adgilebis mTavari quCebidan moSorebiT organizebis ideis ganxilva da damuSavebamimdinareobs evropis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>a da rekonstruqciis bankTan erTad.- 15 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>kerZomanqanebiavtobusebimikroavtobusebimetronax.2: TbilisSi moZravi transportis tipebi. BEI 2009sazogadoebrivi transportiTbilisis arsebuli saqalaqo sazogadoebrivi transportis parkiavtobusebis, metrosa da mikroavtobusebis qselisgan Sedgeba. gasuliramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovani samuSaoebi Sesrulda imisaTvis,rom sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxureba ufro mimzidveli, saimedo daxelmisawvdomi iyos moqalaqeebisTvis. sakmaod gaizarda mgzavrebis raodenoba,romlebic avtobuss da metros iyeneben gadaadgilebis saSualebad, magramyvelaze mZlavr da popularul satransporto saSualebad maincmikroavtobusebis seqtori rCeba.rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, mgzavrebis yvelaze didi raodenoba isevmikroavtobusebze modis: daxloebiT 260,000 - metro (metros kompania, 2009) daaxloebiT 215,000 - avtobusebi (avtobusebis kompania, 2009) daaxloebiT 430,000 - mikroavtobusebis qseli (SYSTRA monacemebi, 2010) 132006 wels ukrainidan da niderlandebidan “yviTeli avtobusebi” Semoitanes.axali avtobusebis samsaxurma TandaTanobiT moipova popularoba da ndobamosaxleobaSi. Sesabamisad TbilisSi moZravi avtobusebis raodenobaregularulad izrdeboda – 2006 wels 489 avtobusi iyo, 2007 wels – 569, 2008-Si – 791 da 2009 wels - 934 avtobusi moZraobda TbilisSi. 14 am importirebuliavtobusebis saSualo asaki 7 welia.13 saqarTvelos transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> proeqtis saorientacio monacemebi. SYSTRA.201014transportis saqalaqo samsaxuris informacia. Tbilisis meria.- 16 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sur 3: Tbilisis yviTeli avtobusebi: wyaro: www.tbilisi.gov.ge<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si ganxiluli,avtobusebis parki 2009 wels sami sxvadasxva tipis dizelis ZraviT momuSaveavtobusebisgan Sedgeboda, maT Soris 240 avtobusi wvavda 55 litrs 100 km-ze,150 – 38 litrs 100 km-ze, da 544 manqana - 24 litrs 100km-ze. sul avtobusebiswliuri moZraoba faravda 58.4 milion kilometrs da emsaxureboda 56.9 milionadamians im 4 xazis (88, 61, 51 da 21) CaTvliT, romelTac yoveldRiurad 5,000-zemeti mgzavri gadahyavda. 15 2010 wels qalaqis mmarTvelobam miiRogadawyvetileba avtobusebis parkis optimizaciis Sesaxeb da Sesabamisadarsebuli 125 reisi (marSruti) Seamcira 92-mde. avtobusebiT amJamindelimomsaxureba aradamakmayofilebelia imis gamo, rom qselSi ar aris daculireisebis regularuloba da ar warmoebs mgzavrebis informireba maTimarSrutebisa da ganrigebis Sesaxeb, grZelia lodinis intervalebi, ararsebobs marSrutebs Soris saTanado kavSiri, avtobusebi gadatvirTuliamgzavrebiT, salonebSi komfortis nakleboba igrZnoba.Tbilisis metros sistema meore yvelaze farTod gamoyenebulisazogadoebrivi transportis saxeobaa qalaqSi. mas ori mTavari xazi gaaCnia –1-li (wiTeli xazi) da me-2 (lurji xazi), 27 km-iani ormxrivi gziTa da 22metros sadguriT. amJamad metros eqspluataciaSi 170 moZravi SemadgenlobaasaSualod 25-wliani eqspluataciis vadiT 16 . miwisqveSa qselis mimzidvelobasul ufro da ufro izrdeba, radgan igi swrafia, satranzito kavSirebi –kargi, fasi misaRebi da vagonebic sakmaod komfortulia. bolo wlebSi metrossadgurebSi Catarda sarestavracio samuSaoebi, amJamad ki saremontosamuSaoebi utardebaT matareblebs, raTa metroTi mgzavroba kidev ufro15 saqarTvelos transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> proeqtis saorientacio monacemebi. SYSTRA.201016 saqarTvelos transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> proeqtis saorientacio monacemebi. SYSTRA.2010- 17 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mimzidveli gaxdes mgzavrebisTvis. qalaqSi aris iseTi ubnebi, sadac metrossadgurebi jer ar aris aSenebuli, amitom, aq mcxovreb moqalaqeebsSezRuduli arCevani aqvT. axlo momavalSi metros me-2 xazi gagrZeldeba 1.5km-iT da gaixsneba axali metros sadguri – universiteti, romelicmniSvnelovnad gantvirTavs moZraobas. universitetis sadguris gvirabismSenebloba 1980 wels daiwyo da TiTqmis damTavrebulia. am sadgurismSenebloba dasruldeba, rogorc <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> saqmoqmedogegmis erT-erTi RonisZieba. mosalodnelia, rom aRniSnuli gafarToebisSedegad metros qsels 4.4 milioni mgzavri daemateba weliwadSi. 17 proeqtissainvesticio Rirebuleba 30 milioni aSS dolaria, rac aziis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>bankisgan miiRo sesxad Tbilisis municipalitetma.mikroavtobusebis qseli Tbilisis TiTqmis yvela raionSi swraf dasavaldebulo gaCerebis gareSe gadaadgilebas sTavazobs mgzavrebs. 2006 welsTbilisis meriam akrZala mikroavtobusebis moZraoba mTavar quCebze da dResisini mxolod centraluri quCebis paraleluri quCebiT gadaadgildebian.Sedegad mniSvnelovnad ganitvirTa moZraoba centralur quCebze, Tumca,garemos dacvis problema igive darCa. 2009 wlisTvis mikroavtobusebis parkiSedgeboda 2621 manqanisgan 18 . mikroavtobusebi dizelis sawvavze muSaoben damaTi saSualo moxmareba (xarji) 100 km-ze 12 litria. mikroavtobusebissaSualo dRiuri ganarbeni 220 km-ia, xolo maTi mgzavrebis raodenoba TiTqmisorjer aRemateba avtobusebis qselis mgzavrebis raodenobas. mikroavtobusebismflobelebi 20 welze meti eqspluataciis vadis mqone manqanebs iyeneben.qalaqis mmarTvelobis samomavlo gegmebis Tanaxmad, mikroavtobusebis qseliunda ganaxldes da gafarTovdes, rogorc energekitis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong><strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis nawili. mikroavtobusis 188 marSrutis nacvlad, daaxloebiT226 xazi da Tbilisis relefisTvis ufro Sesaferisi 2464 mikroavtobusi 19imuSavebs, romlebic imoZraveben viwro quCebSi da xels aRar SeuSlianmoZraobaSi did avtobusebs. pirveli nakadi – 350 manqana – qalaqSi 2011 wlismaisSi Camova da 2012 wlis TebervalSi Zveli mikroavtobusebis Canacvlebisprocesi dasruldeba. mikroavtobusebis operirebiT dakavebuli iqneba oTxikerZo kompania – Sps “Tbilxazi”, Sps “kapitaljgufi”, Sps “Tbil-qar” da Sps“pablik-qari”. 20 Tumca, meriis municipaluri transportis ganyofileba itovebsmikroavtobusebis parkis manqanebis, xarisxisa da usafrTxoebis pirobebisregularuli (yoveldRiuri) monitoringis uflebas. MTbilisismunicipalitetis transportis saqalaqo samsaxuri pasuxs agebsmikroavtobusebis xazis muSaobis dagegmvaze, monitoringsa da kontrolze.17 saqarTvelos transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> proeqtis saorientacio monacemebi. SYSTRA. 201018 municipaluri transportis ganyofilebis informacia. Tbilisis meria.19 municipaluri transportis ganyofilebis informacia. Tbilisis meria.20es kerZo kompaniebi Tbilisi meriis mier gamocxadebul tenderSi gamarjvebuli kompaniebia. Seiqmnaspecialuri komisia am tenderis Casatareblad da gamarjvebulebis gamosavlenad. gamarjvebulebs miecaTmikroavtobusebis xazebis 20 wliT marTvis ufleba.- 18 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sur 4: mikroavtobusis modeli, romelic moemsaxureba Tbiliss 2011 wlis zafxulidan. wyaro:http://new.tbilisi.gov.ge2008 wels Tbilisis meriam SemoiRo avtobusebisa da metros samgzavrobileTebis gacemis efeqturi sistema. mgzavrebi specialur plastikur baraTzedeben garkveul Tanxas da iyeneben am baraTs metroTi an avtobusiTgadaadgilebisas. Tu mgzavri dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime avtobusismarSruts icvlis da yvela transportSi igive baraTs iyenebs, maSinmgzavrobis safasuri mcirdeba. amasTan erTad, pensionerebi, socialuraddaucveli pirebi da studentebi sargebloben specialuri SeRavaTebiT.erTaderTi problema eleqtronul gadaxdebaTan dakavSirebiT avtobusebisgaCerebebze avtomaturi gadaxdebis aparatebis naklebobaa. 21rogorc <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis erT-erTi RonisZieba, unda gaizardossazogadoebrivi transportis mimzidveloba, Sesabamisad axalmikroavtobusebzec imoqmedebs axali plastikuri baraTiT gadaxdis wesi,gaizrdeba baraTebis SevsebisTvis saWiro avtomatebis raodenoba. agreTvedawesdeba diferencirebuli gadaxdis sistema SeRavaTebiT socialuraddaucveli pirebisTvis, pensionrebisa da studentebisTvis. eleqtronulibileTirebis sistemas uzrunvelyofen kerZo operatori kompaniebi, xoloprocesis kontrolsa da monitorings ganaxorcielebs municipaluritransportis ganyofileba.tramvaisa da troleibusebis qseli sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi kargadiyo ganviTarebuli. damoukideblobis Semdeg energokrizisis gamo eleqtrulitransportis operireba saqarTveloSi Seferxda da mgzavrTa regularulmomsaxurebas veRar uzrunvelyofda Tumca, transportis es saxeoba maincpopularulia. 2006 wels Tbilisis meriis gadawyvetilebiT, tramvaisa datroleibusis sistema gauqmda da moiSala. magram axlandeli <strong>energetikis</strong><strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis nawilad moiazreba tramvais, rogorcekologiurad sufTa satransporto saSualebis qselis xelaxla danergva daxelSewyoba. 2010 wels Tbilisis meriam xelSekruleba gaaformasakonsultacio kompania SYSTRA-sTan teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebismomzadebis Sesaxeb Tbilisis tramvais qselis daproeqtebisa da <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>mizniT. amJamad cnobilia, rom dagegmilia 16 km-iani tramvais xazismSenebloba, romelic daakavSirebs delisisa da samgoris raionebs. garda21 amJamad baraTebis Sevseba SesaZlebelia yvela metros sadgurSi.- 19 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>amisa, igegmeba 23 km-iani didi diRmisa da samgoris damakavSirebeli tramvaisxazisa da 15 km-iani qalaqis centrisa da saburTalos sauniversiteto raionisdamakavSirebeli tramvais xazis mSeneblobac. es ukanaskneli marSrutirusTavelisa da WavWavaZis gamzirebis gavliT daigeba. mosalodnelia, romtramvais qselis mSenebloba dasruldeba 2015 wlisTvis. grZelvadianperspeqtivaSi tramvais qseli unda gagrZeldes aeropotamde da gldanisa dadiRmis raionebamde. saboloo proeqtis wardgenas SYSTRA 2011 wlisbolosTvis <strong>gegma</strong>vs. 22 proeqti dafinansdeba nawilobriv aziis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>bankis sesxiT, nawilobriv ki – municipaluri biujetidan.igive kompania SYSTRA amaJamad atarebs Tbilisis ojaxebis gamokiTxvasmaTi damokidebulebis gasarkvevad transportis sxvadasxva saSualebebismimarT. kvlevis Sedegebi 2011 wlis bolos iqneba cnobili.kerZo avtomobilebisazogadoebrivi transportis araefeqturobis gamo mosaxleobisa da mSpszrdas Sedegad moyva kerZo avtomobilebis parkis zrda. 2000 wels yovel1000 mcxovrebze 80 sakuTari manqana modioda, 2005 wels ki es ricxvi 100-mdegaizarda. 23 2009 wlisTvis kerZo avtomobilebis parkma (taqsebis CaTvliT)233,187 Seadgina. 24 kerZo avtomobilebis parkis zrdasTan erTad ekologiurmdgomareobas kidev ufro amZimebs am avtomobilebis asaki da maTi teqnikurimdgomareoba. mosaxleobaSi gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs didizomis avtomobilebi (e.w. jipebi). oficialuri statistika samgzavroavtomobilebis moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT xelmisawvdomi ar aris. am seqtorSimgzavrebis mobilurobis gansazRvris mizniT gamoiyenebul iqna sxvadasxvadros Catarebuli kvlevebi da eqspertTa mosazrebebi. SYSTRA-s mierCatarebuli kvleva gviCvenebs, rom manqanebis saSualo datvirTva daaxloebiT1.85 adamiania erT avtomobilze, rac Zalian dabali maCveneblia. Warbiraodenobis didi wonis manqanebisa da mouwesrigebeli gzebis/moZraobisqselis gaTvaliswinebiT Catarebulma Sefasebam aCvena, rom erTi kerZo manqanismier sawvavis moxmareba daaxloebiT 12 litria 100 km-ze, xolo dRisganmavlobaSi erTi manqanis mier gavlili manZili saSualod 35 km-ia.radgan jer ar arsebobs SezRudvebi avtomobilebis eqspluataciisvadasTan dakavSirebiT, qalaqSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda evropidanSemoyvanili naxmari manqanebis raodenoba. 2009 wlisTvis manqanebis 41% 2022 http://www.systra.com/SYSTRA-signs-two-contracts-with,683?lang=fr23 mixeil TuSiSvili. transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> ganviTareba TbilisSi: axlandeli gamowvevebi damomavlis perspeqtivebi. seminari jansaRi saqalaqo transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>Sesaxeb. 29-30 oqtomberi, 2008. kiSiniovi, moldova.24 sapatrulo policia. Sinagan saqmeTa saministro.- 20 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>welze meti xnis (asakis) iyo. 25 Uumetes SemTxvevaSi ucxoeTidan Semoyvanilmanqanebs mavne gazebis gamaneitralebeli katalizuri gardamqmnelebidazianebuli an amocliliul aqvT, raTa ar SeizRudos maT mier tyvianarevibenzinis gamoyeneba, romelic ufro farTod aris gavrcelebuli saqarTveloSida tyviagamoclil benzinze gacilebiT iafia. sabWoTa manqanebis wili jerkidev didia qarTul bazarze, Tumca igi TandaTan klebulobs. 26nax.3: 2009 wlisTvis saqarTvelos manqanebis parkis struqtura asakobrivi jgufebismixedviTwyaro: saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministrosaqarTvelos moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonis cvlilebissafuZvelze (26.10.2008 # 5941) 27 2011 wlis ianvramde saqarTveloSi yovlwliuriteqnikuri inspeqtireba nebayoflobiTi iyo, da ara savaldebulo (gardasatvirTo manqanebisa da mikroavtobusebis).zemoaRniSnuli RonisZiebis mizani korufciuli inspeqtirebis praqtikisSemcirebaa. magram amis gamo manqanebis mxolod mcire nawilma gaiara tenikuriSemowmeba da inspeqtirebis safasuri nebayoflobiT safuZvelze gadaixada.Tbilisis sagzao policiis monacemebis mixedviT 2004 wels Tbilisismanqanebis mxolod 3%-ma gaiara teqnikuri Semowmeba (128,988 registrirebulimanqanidan 3,939). 2825 noe megreliSvili. seminsari urbanul adgilebSi fexiT da velosipediT mosiaruleTausafrTxo da janmrTeli gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. 30 seqtemberi - 1 oqtomberi, 2001. baTumisaqarTvelo26 mixeil TuSiSvili. transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> ganviTareba TbilisSi: axlandeli gamowvevebi damomavlis perspeqtivebi. seminari jansaRi saqalaqo transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>Sesaxeb. 29-30 oqtomberi, 2008. kiSiniovi, moldova.27 saqarTvelos kanoni usafrTxo moZraobis Sesaxeb. 199928 axlandeli gamowvevebi da problemebis gadawyvetis perspeqtiva. seminari qalaqistransportisa da miwis gamoyenebis dagegmvis Sesaxeb, 18-20 oqtomberi, Tbilisi- 21 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sawvavis wvlili haeris dabinZurebaSisawvavi, romelsac adgilobrivi transporti moixmars, Zalian dabalixarisxisaa. ar arsebobs raime iuridiuli an institucionaluri meqanizmisawvavis xarisxis kontrolis uzrunvelsayofad. mTavrobis dadgenilebaSi“benzinis xarisxis standartebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb” Setanili cvlilebis(30.12.2010 #421) Tanaxmad, 29 2012 wlis ianvramde tyviis wili benzinSi maqsimum0.013 gramia, xolo 2012 wlis ianvridan es maCvenebeli 0.005 grami gaxdeba. imavedadgenilebis mixedviT (30.12.2009 #421), benzinis erovnuli standartebi SemdegimonacemebiT aris gansazRvruli:01.01. 2010–dan 01.01.2012-mde 01.01. 2012–dan 01.01.2013-mde 01.01. 2013 – dan• tyvia – 0.013 g/l;• benzoli – 5 %(moculobiT);• aromatizatori–45%(moculobiT);• gogirdi – 500 mg/kg• tyvia – 0.005 g/l;• benzoli – 3 % (moculobiT);• aromatizatori–42%(moculobiT);• gogirdi – 200 mg/kg• tyvia – 0.005 g/l;• benzoli – 3 %(moculobiT);• aromatizatori–42%(moculobiT);• gogirdi – 150 mg/kgerovnuli standartebi dizelis sawvavisTvis gansazRvrulia mTavrobisdadgenilebaSi “damtkicebuli dizelis xarisxis standartebi” 30 . dadgenilebis(30.12.2010, #422) saboloo cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, transportSi gamoyenebulisawvavi unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:01.01. 2010–dan 01.01.2012-mde 01.01. 2010–dan 01.01.2012-mde 01.01. 2010–dan 01.01.2012-mde• cetani – N# 45• gogirdi – 350 mg/kg• simkvrive 15 0 C-ze – 845kg /m3• policikluriaromatuligorgirdwyalbadi – 11 %• cetani – N# 48• gogirdi – 300 mg/kg• simkvrive 15 0 C-ze – 845 kg/m3• policikluri aromatuligorgirdwyalbadi – 11 %• cetani – N# 48• gogirdi – 200 mg/kg• simkvrive 15 0 C-ze – 845 kg /m3• policikluri aromatuligorgirdwyalbadi – 11 %Q rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dedaqalaqSi registrirebuli manqanebisumravlesoba meoradi moxmarebisaa, saSualod 20 wliani eqspluataciis mqone29mTavrobis dadgenileba ”benzinis xarisxis standartebis Sesaxeb”, 2004 wlis 31 dekemberi, # 12430mTavrobis dadgenileba ”dizelis xarisxis standartebis Sesaxeb”, 2005 wlis 28 dekemberi, # 238- 22 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>vadiT. es manqanebi umeteswilad evropuli warmoSobisaa da ukeT muSaobenmaRali oqtanobis mqone sawvavze. radgan qveyanaSi importirebul sawvavsoqtanobis dabali Semcveloba aqvs, xSirad misi xarisxis amaRleba xdebatyviis damatebiT. amdenad, tyviis Semcveloba Cveulebriv dasaSveb donezeufro maRalia. ar arsebobs arc erovnuli, arc adgilobrivi iuridiuli,instituciuri meqanizmebi an kvlevebis Catarebis SesaZleblobebi (kargadaRWurvili laboratoriebi da specialistebi) sawvavis xarisxis monitoringisada zemoT CamoTvlili standartebis dakmayofilebis xelSewyobisTvis.Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki TbilisSi, problemad rCeba sawvavSihaeris damabinZureblebis maRali Semcveloba da aseTi sawvavis gamoyenebiThaeris dabinZureba. 2005 wlis oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT, mTeli qveynismasStabiT moZraobis saSualebebze modis mtvris 38%, SO2 – 82%, NNOx – 89%,VOC – 90% da CO emisiis 90% 31 . samwuxarod, calke transportis seqtorisTvisCO 2 emisiaze zusti monacemebi ar arsebobs. arcerTi saxelmwifo uwyeba araris pasuxismgebeli qalaqSi CO 2 -is gamoyofis donis Sefasebasa da analizze.zemoT CamoTvlili gazebi (garda CO2-isa) negatiur zemoqmedebas axdens aramxolod garemoze, aramed janmrTelobazec – bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi,gansakuTrebiT ki TbilisSi, mkveTrad imata simsivnuri da respiraciulidaavadebebis ricxvma.saqarTvelos teritoriaze transportis seqtorisa da misi garemozezemoqmedebis bevri maregulirebeli saxelmwifo kanoni, brZaneba dadadgenileba arsebobs: saqarTvelos kanoni transportis moZraobis Sesaxeb(1995), saqarTvelos kanoni moZraobis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb (1999); saqarTveloskanoni haeris dabinZurebis Sesaxeb (1999); prezidentis brZaneba #302 “sagzaotransportis garemos dacvis usafrTxoebis gazrda” (2001); prezidentisbrZaneba #528 "saqarTvelos transportis koncefcia” (1997). Tumca,transportis, qalaqis da<strong>gegma</strong>rebasa da garemosa da janmrTelobis dacvissferoebze pasuxismgebel organoebs, politikas, miznebsa da amocanebs Soriskoordinaciis nakleboba rogorc saxelmwifo, ise adgilobriv doneebze,aferxebs arsebuli iuridiuli meqnizmebis efeqtian moqmedebas.transportis politika da administrirebaTbilisSi transportis seqtoris ganviTarebaze, dagegmvaze, monitoringsada kontrolze pasuxismgebeli mTavari struqturuli erTeuli meriistransportis saqalaqo samsaxuria. ar arsebobs transportis seqtorissaSualovadiani an grZelvadiani miznebis amsaxveli strategiuli dokumenti.erTaderTi oficialuri dokumenti, romelic mokled asaxavs adgilobrivitransportis seqtoris <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> mTavar prioritetebs, aris Tbilisis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> strategiuli <strong>gegma</strong>, romelic 2009 wels SeimuSava da daamtkicaqalaqis mmarTvelobam. agreTve, yovelwliurad mtkicdeba meriis biujeti,31 TbilisSi urbanuli transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gamowvevebi da SesaZlo gadawyvetis gzebi.seminari urbanuli transportis <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>a da misi gamoyenebis dagegmvis Sesaxeb. 18-20oqtomberi, 2006 w, Tbilisi.- 23 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>romelic gansazRvravs yoveli seqtoris, maT Soris transportis seqtoris,ZiriTad miznebsa da amocanebs. 2009 wlidan qalaqis biujetis erT-erT mTavarelementad gansazRvrulia <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> saSualovadiani gegmebi – maTSigansazRvrulia biujetis farglebSi erTi wlis ganmavlobaSigansxorcielebeli konkretuli RonisZiebebi Semdgomi sami wlisprioritetuli mimarTulebebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisgaTvaliswinebiT. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis SemuSavebam daganxorcielebam SesaZlebeli gaxada transportis seqtorSi integrirebuli,strategiuli da xangrZliv droze gaTvlili da<strong>gegma</strong>rebis sistemis SemoReba,romelic daexmareba Tbilisis satransporto qselisa da infrastruqturisefeqtur da sistemur ganviTarebas.qcevis modelebi/principebibolo aTwleulis manZilze Tbilisi aSkarad avtomanqanebzeorientirebuli kulturis mqone qalaqad iqca. 2008 wels Catarebuli Tbilisismosaxleobis kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba sakuTarimanqaniT gadadgilebas aniWebs upiratesobas da Tavs aridebs sazogadoebrivitransportis gamoyenebas 32 . amis ZiriTadi mizezi moxerxebuloba da droisdazogvis survilia.mosaxerxebeliavzogav drosvgrZnob Zalas da Cemi TavisrwmenasvgrZnob damoukideblobasusafrTxoaiafianax 4. mZRolebis pasuxi kiTxvaze: “ratom mogwonT Tqveni manqaniT mgzavroba?”kerZo manqanebis mflobelebma mxolod ramdenime mizezi moiyvanes, risgamoc sakuTari avtomobils nacvlad alternatiuli transportis gamoyenebasamjobineben: gadatvirTuli moZraoba (daaxloebiT 35%), parkingTandakavSirebuli problemebi (25%) da sawvavze fasis gazrda (25%).32 inga grZeliSvili da rojer satre. ufro efeqtiani urbanuli satransporto politikisken: TbilisismcxovrebTa samgzavro qcevis analizi. 2008- 24 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>rac Seexeba sazogadoebrivi transportis momxmareblebs, isini Civiantransportis mouxerxeblobisa da naklebi komfortis Sesaxeb. maTi mTavariproblema sazogadoebrivi transportis fasia. momxmarebelTa 77% ukmayofiloafasiT. 33 komforti (rbili skamebi, sisufTave, temperatura da haeriskondicireba), xSiri da pirdapiri marSrutebi, mokle intervalebi, swrafi dasaimedo gadaadgileba - es aris sazogadoebrivi transportis momxmarebelTamier CamoTvlili ZiriTadi survilebi.sakmaod sainteresoa is faqti, rom sazogadoebrivi transportismomxmarebelTa 43% acnobierebs sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobisgaremos dacvis aspeqtebs da sxva saSualebebidan am ukanasknels amjobinebsaRniSnuli mizeziT. amdenad, sazogadoebrivi transportis es upiratesobamniSvnelovani strategiuli faqtoria sazogadoebrivi transportiTsargeblobis SeRavaTebis dawesebisas.kvlevam, agreTve, gviCvena rom Zalian iSviaTia kombinirebulimobilurobis modeli. manqanis mflobelebi mokle manZilzec ki iSviaTadiyeneben sazogadoebriv transports. rogorc sakuTari manqanebismflobelebisTvis, ise sazogadoebrivi transportis momxmareblebisTvis,saukeTeso varianti mokle manZilebzec ki sakuTari avtomobilia. meorearCevani – fexiTY siarulia. sakuTari manqanebis mfolobelebs fexiT siarulimaTi janmrTelobisTvis sasargeblo saukeTeso saSualebad miaCniaT. kvlevismixedviT, sazogadoebrivi transportis momxmarebelTa 64% iyenebssazogadoebriv transports yoveldRe, 87% - ar gaaCnia sakuTari avtomobili.avtomobilebis mZRolebis 72% yoveldRe atarebs manqanas, maT 94%-s mTelisicocxlis manZilze odesRac usargeblia sazogadoebrivi transportiT; maTiumravlesoba sazogadoebriv transports TveSi an weliwadSi mxolodramdenjerme xmarobs. mZRolebis 6% acxadebs, rom arasodes usargebliaTsazogadoebrivi transportiT.kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, garkveuli zomebis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi,(magaliTad, saimedo, xelmisawvdomi da mosaxerxebeli sazogadoebrivitransportiT uzrunvelyofa, rac parkingis problemisa da benzinis fasis gamonaklebad mimzidvels xdis sakuTar manqans) moTxovna sakuTar avtomobilzeSemcirdeba da gaizrdeba sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobis wili.TbilisSi moZraobis qcevis modelis ganxilvisas unda gaviTvaliswinoTbolodroindeli cvlilebebi da reformebi, romelTa Semdeg mniSvnelovnadgaumjobesda mZRolebis qceva, gaizarda maTi pasuxilsmgebloba. pozitiuricvlilebebia: gazrdili sajarimo gadasaxadebi sagzao usafrToebisdarRvevisTvis (siCqaris gadaWarbeba, marTva nasvam mdgomareobaSi da a.S);marTvisas mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobis SezRudva da usafrTxoebisRvedis savaldebulo gamoyeneba qalaqis teritoriaze.33 2008 wels, rodesac es kvleva Catarda, sazogadoebrivi transportis fasi iyo 0.40 lari. 2010 wels kibileTis fasi 0.50 lari gaxda.- 25 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>1.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli biznesis gziT(BAU) <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari transportis seqtorisaTvismeTodologiaTbilisis transportis seqtoridan CO2-is sabaziso (2009) emisiisinventarizaciisTavis da momavlis tendenciebis (2020 wlamde) gansazRvrisTvisgamoyenebul iqna <strong>energetikis</strong> grZelvadiani alternatiuri dagegmviskompiuteruli programa (LEAP). es farTod gamoyenebuli kompiuteruliprogramaa <strong>energetikis</strong> politikis analizisa da klimatis cvlilebisSerbilebis Sesafaseblad, romelic SemuSavebul iqna stokholmis garemosdacvis kvleviTi institutis mier.LEAP miiRo asobiT organizaciam 150-ze met qveyanaSi msofliosmasStabiT. mas iyeneben samTavrobo uwyebebi, akademiebi, arasamTavroboorganizaciebi, sakonsultacio kompaniebi da <strong>energetikis</strong> institutebi. igigamoiyeneba mraval sxvadasxva doneze qalaqis, saxelmwifo, erovnuli,regionaluri da globaluri da<strong>gegma</strong>rebis mizniT.LEAP male gaxdeba de-faqto standarti im qveynebisTvis, romlebicaxorcieleben resursebis integrirebul marTvas da saTburis gazebis emisiisSemcirebis Sefasebas, gansakuTrebiT, ganviTarebad samyaroSi. gaeros boloinfirmaciiT, 85 qveyanaze metma airCia LEAP gaeros klimatis cvlilebebisCarCo konvenciis mimarT maTi valdebulebis Sesrulebis Sesafaseblad.LEAP ar aris konkretuli energetikuli sistemis modeli, aramed ufroinstrumenti, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas energosistemisgansxvavebuli modelebis Sesaqmnelad, sadac yoveli sistema Tavis unikalurmonacemTa struqturas moiTxovs. LEAP modelirebis sxvadasxvameTodologiebis farTo speqtris gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. igi exmarebamomxmarebels Seqmnas mis miznebze yvelaze ukeT morgebuli struqtura –momxmarebeli gadawyvets, romeli seqtori, Tu qveseqtori unda iyosgaerTianebuli analizSi da romeli – ara.LEAP grZelvadiani scenarebis analizis gareSemoa konstruirebuli.scenarebi Tavad moicaven gansazRvruli drois ganmavlobaSi energosistemaTa<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gzebis aRweras. LEAP–is gamoyenebiT politikis analitikosebsSeuZliaT Seqmnan da Seafason alternatiuli scenarebi maTi energetikulimoTxovnebis, socialuri xarjebisa da sargeblis, agreTve, garemozezemoqmedebis faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT. LEAP scenarebis marTvis sistemaSeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas calkeul politikur RonisZiebaTa aRwerisTvis,rac SemdgomSi sxvadasxva kombinaciiT SeiZleba gaerTiandes alternatiulscenarebSi. amgvari midgoma politikosebs saSualebas aZlevs Seafasonkonkretuli politikis gatarebis efeqturoba da sxvadasxva politikiskombinirebuli ganxorcielebis mosalodneli Sedegebi.- 26 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Tbilisis transportis seqtoris struqtura – arsebuli mdgomareobaLEAP aRmavali modelia, romelic moTxovnazea damyarebuli. <strong>energetikis</strong>seqtoris struqtura am modelSi Sedgeba sami qveseqtorisgan:energiaze moTxovnaenergiis tansformacia (gardaqmna) da ganawileba/miwodeba (distribucia)energoresursebirogorc zemoT aRiniSna, misi moqnilobis gamo LEAP-is farglebSiSesaZlebelia moTxovnis seqtorisa da am moTxovnaSi transportis qveseqtoridanmoTxovnis Sefaseba. LEAP-Si am monacemebis warmodgenissaSualebebic sakmaod moqnili da martivia. nebismieri energoseqtorisTvismodelis Seqmnisas pirveli nabijia sistemis struqturis SemuSaveba, sadacSeyvanili iqneba sistemis sabaziso monacemebi anu arsebuli struqtura.Semdeg, xdeba SesaZlo <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenaris da garemoze zemoqmedebisSemcirebis sxvadasxva SesaZlo scenarebis modelireba da Sedareba. Tbilisistransportis seqtoris struqtura dafuZnebulia 2009 wlis monacemebze daqvemoT warmodgenili saxe aqvs:samgzavro transportiTbilisSi mgzavrebi gadaadgildebian an kerZo avtomanqanebiT ansazogadoebrivi transportiT: 2009 wlis monacemebiT Tbilisis mosaxleobis mgzavrobam 7544 milionimgzavr-km Seadgina, aqedan 73% sakuTari manqanebiT gadaadgilebazemodis, 27% - ki sazogadoebriv tarnsportze. sazogadoebrivi transporti Sedgeba avtobusebisgan (25.1%), mikroavtobusebisa(50.3%) da metrosgan (24.6%). 2009 wels avtobusebis qseli 56.9 milion adamians moemsaxura. sulavtobusebma dafares 58.4 mln. km. mikroavtobusebis ganarbeni daaxloebiT 210 mln. Kkm iyo da maTimgzavrT brunva TiTqmis 20-jer metia, vidre avtobusebis mgzavrebisa. Tbilisis metros monacemebiT mgzavrobis manZili 8.6 mln. Kkm-sSeadgenda, xolo metroTi gadaadgilebuli moZravi Semadgenlobis miergavlili raodenoba - 94.9 milion kacs weliwadSi. kerZo manaqanebis ganarbenma daxloebiT 58.4 mln. km. Seadgina,TiToeuliOmanqana dakavebuli iyo 1.85 mgzavriT. avtobusebis parki 2009 wlisTvis Seadgenda 240 erTeuls dizelissawvavis moxmarebiT 55 litri 100 km-ze, 150 erTeuls dizelis sawvavismoxmarebiT 38 litri – 100 km-ze da 544 erTeuls dizelis sawvavismoxmarebiT 24 litri 100 km-ze. mikroavtobusebi aseve dizelze muSaoben da saSualod maTi sawvavismoxmareba 12 litria 100 km-ze.- 27 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>metros moZravi Semoadgenloba Sedgeba 170 erTeulisgan. 2009 welsmetros mier eleqtroenergiis mTlianma moxmarebam Seadgina 62.95 aTasimgvt/sT. arsebuli metros parkis garda, metro moixmars ramdenimesaxeobis sxva momsaxurebis transportsac, romelebic dizelis sawvavsada benzins moixmaren.2009 wels qalaqSi avtomanqanebis 95% benzinze dadioda, 4,4% - dizelzeda 0.6% bunebriv gazze. kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, benzinze momuSaveavtomobilebis sawvavis moxmareba saSualod 100 km-ze 12 litri iyo.komerciuli (saqonlis gadamzidavi) transporti TbilisSi registrirebulia 15,710 gadamzidavi avtosatransportoerTeuli. isini weliwadSi saSualod 121 mln litr dizelis sawvavsmoixmaren. am sferoSi xelmisawvdomi informacia yvelaze uxarisxoa dadamatebiT dazustebas moiTxovs.municipaluri avtoparkisxva Tbilisis municipalitets 174 sakuTari moxmarebis avtomobili aqvs,saidanac 164 benzinze muSaobs da 10 dizelze. Bbenzinis saSualo wliurixarji 100 km-ze 14 litria, xolo jamuri gadaadgileba daaxloebiT33,600 km. municipaluri avtoparki agreTve moicavs 130 erTeul nagvisdasufTavebis manqanas, romlebic dizelze muSaoben. maT mier sawvavissaerTo moxmareba 438 aTasi litria weliwadSi.TbilisSi, SedarebiT mcire raodenobiT, registrirebulia motociklebic(daaxloebiT 1000 erTeuli), Tumca, maTi umniSvnelo wilisa damoZraobis Sesaxeb monacemebis ararsebobis gamo winamdebare angariSSitransportis es saxeoba ar ganixileba.<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si am etapze ar arisganxiluli TbilisSi registrirebuli sasoflo - sameurneo da sxvamizniT moZravi manqanebic (garda imisa, rasac moicavs municipaluriavtoparki).sabaziso scenaris aRweraq. Tbilisis transportis seqtoris “arsebuli struqturis” aRweraSiasaxulia axlandeli mdgomareoba, garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis SemcirebisRonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis gareSe. am procesSi Zalian mniSvnelovaniaenergiis moTxovnasa da moxmarebaSi mosalodneli cvlilebebisgaTvaliswineba. sawyisi mdgomareobis SesaZlo ganviTareba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuar ganxorcieldeba energiis dazogvis programebi, sabaziso scenarswarmoadgens. sabaziso scenarad Cveulebriv miCneulia “Cveulebrivi biznesisgziT (BAU) <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari”, radgan is gviCvenebs, Tu rogor Seicvleboda- 28 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sawyisi mdgomareoba, Tu ar ganxorcieldeboda energiis dazogvis arcerTimunicipaluri programa. Tbilisis transportis seqtorSi ganisazRvra samiZiriTadi faqtori, romelic zemoqmedebas axdens transportis seqtorSienergiis moTxovnaze, esenia:1. mosaxleobis zrda – rac pirdapir zemoqmedebas axdens mgzavrebismoZraobaze da komerciuli tvirTis gadaadgilebaze. Mmsoflio jandacvisorganizaciis informaciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo evropaSi mosaxleobiszrdis yvelaze dabali tempis qveynebs Sorisaa. miuxedavad amisa, TbilisSibolo wlebSi mosaxleobis garkveuli zrda SeimCneva. sabaziso scenarisasagebad TbilisSi mosaxleobis yovelwliuri zrda 1.1% iqna miRebuli,xolo mTeli qveynis masStabiT zrda 0.5%-ia.2. GmTliani Sida produqtis (mSp) zrda – rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, mSp-s zrdauSualo gavlenas axdens mosaxleobis gadaadgilebis aqtivobaze(EUROSTAT) 34 . Semosavlis zrdasTan erTad, adamianebi ufro aqtiurgadaadgilebas iwyeben. mSp-s zrdis ganakveTi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisprognoziT Semdegnairad gamoiyureba 35 :cxrili 1.1. mSp-s zrda saqarTveloSi2012 2015 2020mSp-s zrda 4% 5% 5%mobilurobis zrdis elastiuroba mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi 1.3 toladSefasda (msgavsad evrokavSiris naklebad ganviTarebuli post-sabWouriqveynebisa, rogoricaa, litva da Llatvia, sadac saxmeleTo samgzavrotransportis mobilurobis zrda erTi meoTxedidan erT mesamedamde ufroswrafia vidre mSp-s zrda (evrostatis monacemebi) 36 .3. mSp / mosaxleobis zrda - mosaxleobis Semosavlebis zrdasTan erTadizrdeba maTi moTxovnebi. mosaxleoba yidulobs avtomobilebs dasazogadoebrivi transportiT mgzavrobas sakuTari manqaniT mgzavrobasamjobinebs. bolo periodSi am cvlilebis damadasturebeli monacemebismixedviT, 2009 wels TbilisSi registrirebuli iyo 233,187 avtomanqana, maSinroca, magaliTad 2004 wels, es ricxvi 139,188 Seadgenda. msgavsi tendenciebidamaxasiaTebelia mzardi eknomikis mqone qveynebisTvis. magaliTad, 2000 da2008 wlebs Soris manqanebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gaizardaevrokavSiris im qveynebSi, romlebic 2004 an 2007 wlebSi gaxdnenevrokavSiris wevrebi, kerZod bulgareTSi (16%) da poloneTSi (13%). amisgaTvaliswinebiT, manqanebis raodenobis zrdis tempis elastiurobaekonomikuri zrdis tempTan mimarTebaSi Sefasda, rogorc – 0.2, rac niSnavs34 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Passenger_transport_statistics35 wyaro: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, msoflio ekonomikis prognosis monacemTa baza36 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Passenger_transport_statistics- 29 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>rom 2020 wlisTvis kerZo manqanebis wili saerTo mgzavrTbrunvaSidaaxloebiT 79.2% iqneba. gadamzidavi manqanebisa da municipaluriavtoparkis zrdac dakavSirebulia am moTxovnis zrdasTan elastiurobisigive ganakveTiT.Sedegebi – sabaziso donis inventarizacia2009 wels sawvavis moxmarebam transportis seqtorSi 5171.9 aTasi mgvt.sTSeadgina.cxrili 1.2. Tbilisis transportis seqtorSi saboloo energomoxmareba (aTasimgvt.sT) - 2009eleqtroenergia bunebrivi gazi dizeli benzini jamimunicipaluriavtoparki 4.6 7.1 11.7sazogadoebrivitransporti 62.9 0 474.1 0.8 537.9kerZo dakomerciulitransporti 88.2 1409.2 3124.9 4622.3transporti sul 62.9 88.2 1887.9 3132.8 5171.92009 wels saTburis gazebis emisiam transportis seqtoridan 1323.7 tona CO2Seadgina.cxrili 1.3. Tbilisis transportis seqtoridan saTburis gazebis emisia CO 2 –iseqvivalentSi (aTasi tona) – 2009eleqtroenergiabunebrivigazidizeli benzini jamimunicipaluri avtoparki 1.2 1.8 3.0sazogadoebrivitransporti 25.2 0 125.6 0.2 150.9kerZo da komerciulitransporti 18.1 373.2 778.4 1169.8transporti sul25.2 18.1 500.0 780.4 1323.7Sedegebi – sabaziso scenarisabaziso scenaris mixedviT, transportis seqtoris mier energiis moxmarebamomavalSi yvela sawvavze izrdeba. 2020 wlisTvis moTxovna 9868 mgvt.sT-smiaRwevs.cxrili 1.4. Tbilisis transportis energomoxmarebis saboloo monacemebi - 2020 weli(aTasi mgvt.sT)- 30 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax 6. TbilisSi transportis seqtoridan emisiis trendi (CO2 eqv.) BAU scenariTes grafiki gviCvenebs TbilisSi transportis seqtoridan naxSirbadis emisiistrends BAU scenaris Tanaxmad.1.3. Tbilisis satransporto seqtoris <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>msoflioSi Seqmnili garemosdacviTi, socialuri da ekonomikuriproblemebi moiTxovs gadasvlas sazogadoebrivi transportiTgadaadgilebaze, fexiT siarulsa da velosipediT sargeblobaze, eleqtrulTu sxva, ufro mdgrad kerZo transportze Sereuli sargeblobisteritoriebze. sxvdasxva qveynebi am problemis daZlevas sxvadasxva sawyisipoziciebidan udgebian. maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi, magaliTad, saWiro xdebaavtomanqanaze damokidebulebisa da miwis danawevrebuli gamoyenebis CvevebisdaZleva. ganviTarebadi qveynebi miiltvian qalaqSi miwis ufro Sereuligamoyenebisken, sazogadoebrivi transportis ufro farTod moxmarebisken, risgamoc es seqtori iq ufro <strong>mdgradi</strong> aRmoCnda. Tumca, aseTi midgoma xSiradiwvevs mniSvnelovan problemebs moZraobis gadatvirTvasTan, haerisdaWuWyianebasTan da satransporto infrastruqturisa da momsaxurebisarasakmaris xarisxTan dakavSirebiT. amitom am qveynebSi es problemebiprioritetulad miiCneva. meores mxriv, avtomanqanebis siWarbe dReisTvis arwarmoadgens ganviTarebad qveynebSi iseT mwvave problemas, rogorcganviTarebul qveynebSi, Tumca ekonomikis swrafi zrda ganviTarebadimsoflios bevr qveyanaSi da kerZo avtomanqanebis raodenobis Sesabamisi matebaukve saSiSroebas uqmnis maT momavals. Tu amis sawinaaRmdegod ar iqnebamiRebuli saTanado zomebi, satransporto moZraobis gadatvirTuloba, xmauri,usafrTxoeba, haeris daWuWyianeba da saTburis gazebis gamonabolqvebi- 32 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>aramimzidvels gaxdis am qalaqebs investorebisTvis da ubiZgebs maTgadaitanon TavianTi interesebi sxva qalaqebSi.Tbilisi garkveulwilad am or realobas Soris imyofeba.sazogadoebrivi transoportis wili (taqsebis gamoklebiT) aq 27%-s Seadgens,rac metia ganviTarebuli qveynebis umetesobaze, magram naklebia ganviTarebadqveynebze. kerZo mflobelobaSi imyofeba 1000-dan 200 avtomanqana, racdaaxloebiT orjer naklebia dasavleT evropis qalaqebis maCvenebelze, magramTbilisSi mosaxleoba amjobinebs didi zomis araefeqturi avtomanqanebisgamoyenebas da SeimCneva kerZo avtomanqanebiT moZraobis zrdis tendencia.miuxedavad amisa, moZraobis gadatvirTulobisa da haeris daWuWyianebisproblemebi win uswrebs saTburis gazebis emisiis zrdis problemebs. aqedangamomdinare, <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si saWiroa upirveles yovlisa Setanili iqnasRonisZiebebi, romlebic gaaumjobesebs avtotransportis moZraobas,satransporto infrastruqturas da momsaxurebas, xolo ufro SoreulmomavalSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas kerZo avtomanqanebis gamoyenebasTanda ufro efeqturi teqnologiebis danergvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.Tbilisis <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> SEAP iTvaliswinebs sami saxis RonisZiebebs.pirveli, “mwvane” RonisZiebebi, moicavs avtosatransporto moZraobisgadatvirTulobisa da sagzao infrastruqturis sakiTxebs. rogorc zemoT iyoaRniSnuli, es aris Tbilisis municipalitetisTvis erT-erTi prioritetulimimarTuleba, romelic win unda uZRodes sxva RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebas.RonisZiebaTa meore, “yviTeli” jgufi Seicavs RonisZiebebs, romlebicgamiznulia sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebis sferosgaumjobesebisken da misi alternatiuli saxeebis gafaroebisken.masobrivi/jgufuri gadaadgileba warmoadgens <strong>mdgradi</strong>, naxSirbadis dabaliemisiebis mqone momavlis ZiriTad Semadgenel elements qalaqebSic dasoflebSic, rogorc ganviTarebad, aseve ganviTarebul qveynebSi. igiaerTianebs sazogadoebrivi transportis 3 saxeobas – matarebels, metros,tramvais da avtobuss (da mikroavtobuss). masobrivi gadaadgilebis kargisistema uzrunvelyofs xSir, swraf, punqtualur, usafrTxo, komfortul,sufTa da xelmisawvdom momsaxurebas im drosa da im adgilas, sadac esesaWiroeba xalxs. igi aZlevs xalxs agreTve arCevanis SesaZleblobas.Tbilisis <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> moicavs mTel rig RonisZiebebs am miznis misaRwevad.RonisZiebaTa mesame – “wiTeli” jgufi aerTianebs qmedebebs, romlebicmimarTulia kerZo avtomanqanebis gamoyenebis mimarT interesis dasakargad dadabali emisiis mqone manqanebis gamoyenebis stimulirebisken. imisgaTvaliswinebiT, rom kerZo manqanebi xasiaTdeba erT mgzavrzegadaangariSebiT saTburis gazebis emisiis gacilebiT maRali doniT, vidresazogadoebrivi transporti, udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia ganviTarebulqveynebSi kerZo manqanebis gamoyenebis mkveTr Semcirebas, xolo ganviTarebadqveynebSi – maTi farTo gamoyenebis Tavidan acilebas. am miznis miRwevaSesaZleblobas miscems ganviTarebad qalaqebs miizidon xalxi sacxovrebladda samuSaod, radgan transportiT gadatvirTuli quCebi qronikul problemadiqca janmrTelobisa da ekonomikisTvis. kerZo avtomanqanebidan sazogadoebrivtransportze gadasvla mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs satransporto moZraobis- 33 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saerTo dones. amitom Tbilisis <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> SEAP Seicavs RonisZiebebs,romelTa gatareba, SesaZlebelia, ver Seamcirebs kerZo manqanebis gamoyenebas,magram SeZlebs misi zrdis SeCerebas, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis satransportoseqtoris <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> miznebis miRwevas. es RonisZiebebia: parkirebispolitikis gamkacreba, mastimulirebeli da SezRuduli teritoriebisdaweseba. ra Tqma unda, es RonisZiebebi efeqturi iqneba kerZo manqanebisgamoyenebis SesazRudad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu transportis sxvasaxeobani, kerZod ki sazogadoebrivi transporti iqneba kargad ganviTarebulida advilad xelmisawvdomi mosaxleobisTvis. amrigad, es RonisZiebebi mxolodnawilia ufro farTo satransporto strategiisa, romelic ganxilulia amdokumentSi. RonisZiebebi moicavs agreTve qmedebebs, mimarTuls kerZomanqanebidan emisiis Sesamcireblad, kerZod fasebis diferenciacias ammanqanebisTvis da sxv.<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuliRonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad CO2 gamoyofa transportis seqtoridan2020 wlisTvis Semcirdeba 394 aTasi tona CO2 eqv., rogorc es qvemoT arisnaCvenebi.BAU(tradiciuligziTsaqmianoba)SEAPRonisZiebebinax 7. TbilisSi transportis seqtoridan CO2 eqv. emisiis trendi BAU da SEAPscenarebisaTvisavtomanqaniT moZraobis stili saqarTveloSi msgavisa amerikulistilisa, romelic gamoixateba didi zomis kerZo manqanebisTvis upiratesobisminiWebaSi. es ganapirobebs transportis seqtorSi erT sul mosaxlezeemisiebis maRal maCvenebels, romelic Seadgens 1132,9 kg CO2 sulze. qvemoTmoyvanil naxazze naCvenebia erT sul mosaxleze emisiebis raodenobasxvadasxva qalaqebSi.- 34 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax 8. samgzavro transportidan erT sul mosaxleze CO2-is emisiebi 84 qalaqSi (kerZoda sazogadoebrivi transporti) 37tradiciuli gziT saqmainobis (BAU) scenaris Tanaxmad, TbilisSi 2020wlisTvis erT sul mosaxleze CO2-is emisiebi miaRwevs 2000 kg, rac axlosaaavstraliis qalaqebis maCvenebelTan. <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis ganxorcielebisSemTxvevaSi ki 2020 wlisTvis emisiebi toli iqneba 1700 kg sulze, magramramdenadac yvelaze efeqturi RonisZiebebi danergili iqneba 2020 welTanmiaxloebul periodSi, maTi moqmedebis Sedegi gastans drois ufro xangrZlivmonakveTSi da ganapirobebs emisiebis Semcirebas 2020 wlis Semdegac.37 wyaro: teqnologiebis saWiroebaTa Sefasebis saxelmZRvanelo, UNEP, Riso centri- 35 -

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 1.6. Tbilisis transportis seqtoris <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>seqtorebidasaqmianobissferoZiriTadiRonisZiebebisaqmianobissferoebSipasuxismgebelidepartamenti, piri ankompania [imSemTxvevaSiTuCarTuliamesamemxare]ganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]TiToeuliRonisZiebisRirebuleba[larSi]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodnelienergodanazogi[mgvt.sT/w]RonisZiebidanmosalodneliganaxlebadienergiis miReba[mgvt.sT/w]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneli CO2–isSemcireba [t/w]transporti: 513.0municipaluriavtoparkisaqmianoba 1:სazogadoebრივიtransportisaqmianobaY1:Y 1.1municipaluriavtoparkiსganaxlebasazogadoebrivitransportispopularizaciiskampaniasainformaciokampania (reklama daa.S.)Tbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagentoTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagento2012-2013 3.96 0.992013-2020Y.1.2 Mმarketingი 2013-2020Y.1.3sazogadoebrivitransportisinternet-gverdiსა daტransportissainformaciomaZieblis momzadeba2013dasadgenia137.69 30.54CO2–is Semcirebiswinaswar dasaxuliraodenobrivimaCvenebeliseqtorSi2020 wlisTvis [t]36

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianobaY 2:Y 2.1Y.2.2Y.2.3Y 2.4Y 2.5Y.2.6Y 2.7Y 2.8Y 2.9sazogad.transportismomsaxurebisgaumjobeseba450 saavtobusogaCerebისuzrunvelyofaavtobusebisganrigisa damarSrutebismaCvenebelieleqtronulidafebiT.axali konfortulimikroavtobusebiსeqspluataciaSigaSvebaმikroavtobusebისuzrunvelyofaeleqtronuliმaCvenebeli dafebiTsamgzavrobaraTebze TanxisSesatani aparatebisxelmisawvdomobisgazrdamikroavtobusebisteqnikuri SemowmebისuzrunvelyofamikroavtobusebisusafrTxoebiszomebis gatarebafasebis ukeTgansazRvramarSrutebisoptimizacia dagaumjobesebaavtobusebisTvisspecialuradgamoyofilizolebis SeqmnaTbilisismeriisekonomikpolitikissaagento2012 1400000 GEL2010-20112010-20112010-20112010-20112010-20112010-20112011-20202015-2017undaganisazRvrosteqnikurekonomikurdasabuTebaSi183.59 40.7237

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianobaY 3:Y 3.1Y 3.2Y 3.3saz. transportisalternatiulimomsaxurebaavtobusebisavtoparkisoptimizaciametros gagrZelebauniversitetissadguramdetramvais qselisganviTarebaTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagento2010 ---2013-142014-1554 mlnlariundaganisazRvrosteqnikurekonomikurdasabuTebaSi306.05 69.18kerZo dakomerciulitransportisaqmianobaR1.R1.1kerZo avtomanqanebisმოძრაობისშემზღუდveliRonisZiebebiსგატარებაgaremos dacviskunZulebiს შექმნაTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagento2017-2020R1.2 fasebis dadgena 2017-2020R1.3saqmianobaR2sxva –gTxovT,daakonkretoTsaqmianobaG1:manqanebis sadgomTamenejmentidabali emisiis მქონეmanqanebiswaxalisebaშუქნიშნების marTviscentris SeqmnaTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagentoTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagento2017-20202015-2020undaganisaz-RvrosteqnikurekonomikurdasabuTebaSiundaganisaz-RvrosG1.1 gamsaxurdias q. 2010 388280 lari38271.75 60.50669.52 179.40491.06 123.85

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mwvane talRaG1.2G1.3G1.4G1.5G1.6G1.7saqmianobaG2:G2.1G2.2G2.3G2.4G2.5G2.6budapeSti-vazisubnisq mwvane talRaisnis metrosadgurismwvane talRawereTlis gamz.mwvane talRayazbegis gamz.mwvane talRaguramiSvilis dadadianis gamz.mwvane talRaSuqniSnebis marTviscentris amoqmedebasagzaoinfrastruqturisgaumjobesebaintensiurimoZraobis ქუჩებისგამოყოფაaxali gza gmirTamoednidangelovaniaRmaSeneblisgvirabigvirabi gorgaslisq.SeSeliZisa dagobroniZis quCebisaxali SemaerTebeligzafoTisa da dadianisquCebis axaliSemaerTebeli gzaTbilisismeriisekonomik.politikissaagento2010 9661 lari2010 330650 lari2012 1203125 lari2012 687500 lari2013 2578125 lari2020201020102011201227500000lari2673000lari91826000lari8486000lari8486000lari2011 1000000 lari201554000000lari30.98 7.81sul: 2094.6 513.039

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>1.4. qmedebebis aRwerasaqmianoba G1 – SuqniSnebis marTvis centriTbilisSi dagegmilia SuqniSnebis marTvis centris Camoyalibeba,romelic TandaTanobiT 160 SuqniSans gaaerTianebs. centri xelsSeuwyobs e.w. “mwvane talRis” formirebas Sesabamis teritoriebze, racSeamcirebs manqanebis gadaadgilebis dros, SuqniSnebze mdgomimanqanebis raodenobas da Sedegad sawvavis moxmarebasac. SuqniSnebidaemateba marTvis centrs Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:G1.1 – pekinis gamziris “mwvane talRa”: pekinis gamzirze saaTSisaSualod 2400 avtomobili moZraobs da gadis 6 SuqniSans. 2400-dan1600 iZulebulia gaCerdes oTxi SuqniSnis gaCerebaze. “mwvane talRis”sistemis SemoRebisa da gmirTa moedanze axali gzis aSenebis Semdeg,pekinis gamzirze mosiarule manqanebis raodenoba Semcirda 2100-mdesaaTSi (axla saaTSi 300 manqana axali gziT sargeblobs). 800 manqanaunda gaCerdes eqvsidan mxolod or SuqniSnis gaCerebaze.G1.2 - budapeSti-vazisubanis quCebis “mwvane talRa”: am trasazesaSualod saaTSi 2300 avtomobili gadaadgildeba erTimimarTulebiT oTxi SuqniSnis gavliT. 1800 manqana unda gaCerdes samadgilze. “mwvane talRis” SemoRebis Semdeg, 2300-dan 1100 manqanagaCerdeba mxolod or adgilas.G1.3 – isnis metros sadguris “mwvane talRa”: aq saSualod, saaTSi 2100manqana moZraobs sami SuqniSnis gavliT erTi mimarTulebiT. 1500-suwevs gaCereba or adgilas. “mwvane talRis” amoqmedebis Semdeg, 2100-dan 900 manqana mxolod erT SuqniSanze gaCerdeba.G1.4 – wereTlis gamziris “mwvane talRa”: am gamzirze saSualod,saaTSi 1800 avtomobili moZraobs. 1500 unda gaCerdes 7-dan 5 adgilas.rodesac “mwvane talRas” SemoiReben, 1500 manqana gaCerdeba mxolod 2adgilas erTi mimarTulebiT.G1.5 – yazbegis gamziri, “mwvane talRa”: aq saaTSi saSualod 2300avtomobili moZraobs. aqedan 2000-s uwevs eqvsidan oTx adgilasgaCereba. “mwvane talRis” sistemis SemoRebis Semdeg 2000 manqanagaCerdeba or adgilas.G1.6 – SuqniSnebis saerTo marTvis centri: yovel wels centrsdaemateba 15-20 SuqniSani. 2020 wlisTvis marTvis centrSigaerTianebuli iqneba 150-160 obieqti.sagzao moZraobis menejmentTan (iseve rogorc sagzaoinfrastruqturis gaumjobesebasTan) dakavSirebuli saTburis gazebisemisiebis Semcirebis SesaZleblobaTa realizeba rTul dawinaaRmdegobriv process warmoadgens. moZraobis gadatvirtulobisSemcireba gamoiwvevs saTburis gazebis emisiebis daklebas40

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>individualuri manqanebidan, radganac isini ufro efeqturadimoZraveben. magram es SeiZleba ar iwvevdes emisiebis jamurSemcirebas, vinaidan gadatvirTulobis dakleba ganapirobebs metiraodenobis manqanebis moZraobis SesaZleblobas. zomieri siCqariTTanabrad moZravi avtomanqana SeiZleba ufro efeqturi iyos, vidre“gaCereba-daZvris”reJimSi momuSave manqana, Tumca Tu am TanabarmoZraobas mohyveba gzebze moZravi avtomobilebis raodenobis zrda,jamSi mainc miiReba saTburis gazebis emisiis mateba. amitom, TumoZraobis gadatvirTulobis Semcirebas Tan daerTveba kerZomanqanebis gamoyenebis SezRudva, maSin saTburis gazebis emisiisdakleba realurad iqneba miRweuli. zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT esRonisZiebebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli emisiebis Semcireba SeiZlebaganxiluli iqnas ufro farTo satransporto strategiis Semadgenelnawilad am dokumentSi moyvanil sxva RonisZiebebTan erTad.Catarebuli Sefasebebis Tanaxmad, individualuri manqanebisTvisefeqturoba SeiZleba gaizardos 5,5%-iT, magram ganxilvaSiavtomanqanebis saerTo ricxvis zrdis gaTvaliswineba iwvevs amsididis 30%-iT Semcirebas, rac saboloo jamSi iZlevaenergoefeqturobis matebas 3,85%-iT.saqmianoba G2 – sagzao infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaG2.1 – intensiuri moZraobis gza: es gza gvTavazobs 2 km-iT naklebmarSruts aRmaSeneblis Zeglidan saburTalos raionis mimarTulebiT.G2.2 – axali gza gmirTa moednidan: erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi axalgzaze erTi mamarTulebiT moZraobs 1000 manqana. gzis aSenebamde,delisis metrodan misasvlelamde manqanebi gadiodnen 4.0 km-s kostavasquCiT, pekinisa da vaJa-fSavelas gamzirebiT da Cerdebodnen 9SuqniSanze. bagebamde misaRwevad manqanebi 4 km-s gadiodnen gmirTamoednidan varazisxevisa da WavWavaZis gamziris gavliT da 8SuqniSanze uwevdaT gaCereba. axali gza 200-400 metriT grZelia,samagierod manqanebs saerTod ar uwevs SuqniSanze gaCereba.G2.3 - gelovani-aRmaSeneblis gvirabi: gelovani - aღmaSeneblis gvirabismSenebloba dawyebulia. Sedegad, 3600 manqana imoZravebs SuqniSnebzegaCerebis gareSe.G2.4 – gvirabi gorgaslis quCasTan: gvirabis aSenebis Semdeg 2000avtomanqana imoZravebs Seuferxeblad.G2.5 – axali quCa, romelic daakavSirebs SeSeliZisa da gobroniZisquCebs: daiwyeba da dasruldeba axali quCis mSenebloba, romelicxsenebul or quCas erTmaneTTan daakavSirebs.G2.6 – foTisa da dadianis quCebis damakavSirebeli axali xidi:daiwyeba da dasruldeba am ori quCis SemaerTebeli axali xidismSenebloba.41

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianoba Y1- sazogadoebrivi transportis popularizaciis kampaniaY1.1 - sainformacio kampania: unda amaRldes sazogadoebisinformirebuloba sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobisupiratesobaTa Sesaxeb: mosaxleoba unda darwmundes, romsazogadoebrivi transporti aris saimedo, swrafi, komfortuli,usafrTxo, iafi da xelmisawvdomi satransporto saSualeba.moqalaqeebs unda miewodoT zusti informacia sxva satransportosaSualebebTan SedarebiT sazogadoebrivi transportis dadebiTimxareebis Sesaxeb.Y1.2 – marketingi: unda ganxorcieldes sazogadoebrivi transportismarketinguli da brendingis saqmianoba, raTa misi momsaxureba ufromimzidveli gaxdes. amisTvis saWiroa muSaoba mosaxleobis saxvadasxvasamizne jgufebTan, sazogadoebrivi transportis saxeobaTabrendireba, gaCerebebisa da manqanebis markireba, da a.S. marketingisstrategia unda gaxdes sistemuri instrumenti, romelic saSualebasmiscems transportis menejerebs gansazRvron bazris moTxovnebi damomsaxurebis xarisxis done, romelic misaRebi iqnebamomxmareblisTvis. unda ganxorcieldes marketingis iseTiinstrumentebis aqtiuri gamoyeneba, rogoricaa, gayidvebi, reklama,qselis Seqmna, brendingi, produqtis specifikacia, saCivrebis marTvada klientis momsaxureba. Yyovelive es xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebrivitransportis saqmianobis mdgrad ganviTarebas.Y1.3 – sazogadoebrivi transportis internet-gverdi da sainformaciomaZieblebi: Seiqmneba specialuri internet-gverdi, sadac mgzavrebiSeZleben sazogadoebrivi transportis muSaobis Sesaxeb detaluriinformaciis mopovebas (xazebi, marSrutebi, grafikebi da Rirebuleba).momzaddeba da gavrceldeba sainformacio broSurebi, romelTacadgilobrivi mosaxleoba da gansakuTrebiT turistebi gamoiyeneben,rogorc gzamkvlevs da rukas sazogadoebrivi transportiTsargeblobisas. isini gavrceldeba aeroportSi, sastumroebSi,rkinigzaze, turistul saagentoebSi, saზოგადოებრივი kvebisobieqtebSi, suvenirebis maRaziebsa da sxv.iseTi saqmianoba, rogoricaa sazogadoebiს informirebიs kampania damarketinguli saqmianoba, ar axdens pirdapir gavlenას energiismoxmarebasa da CO2-is emisiaze, magram aris sxva saqmianobaTa SedegisgaZlierebis qmediTi iaraRi. winaswari Sefasebebis Tanaxmad, amRonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis Sedegad 2020 wlisTvis sazogadoebrivitransportiT sargebloba 3%-iT gaizrdeba.saqmianoba Y2 –sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebisgaumjobeseba 3838varskvlaviT moniSnuli saqmianobebis efeqturobis dasadgenad saSualovadiani strategiis farglebSimomzaddeba teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba.42

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Y2.1 – eleqtronuli saCvenebeli dafebi avtobusis 450 gaCerebaze:eleqtronuli saCvenebeli dafebi damontaJdeba avtobusis 450gaCerebaze. mgzavrebi miiReben informacias avtobusis adgilzemisvlis zusti drois Sesaxeb. es metad moxerxebuls gaxdissazogadoebrivi transportiT mgzavrobas. პroeqtis savaraudoRirebulebaa 1,400,000 lari.Y2.2 – axali komfortuli mikroavtobusebi: 2011 wlis zafxulSidedaqalaqSi Semova axli, “ford tranzitis” tipis mikroavtobusebi.(evro 4-is ZraviT). maT mier gaweuli momsaxureba gacilebiT ukeTesiiqneba, rac gazrdis am sazogadoebrivi transportis mimzidvelobasmosaxleobaSi.Y2.3 – eleqtronuli dafebi mikroavtobusebSi: mikroavtobusebiaRWurvili iqneba eleqtrodafebiT, romlebic aCveneben mis marSruts.dafebi xilvadi iqneba rogorc dRe, ise Rame.Y2.4 –mgzavrobis Rirebulebis gadasaxdeli baraTis Sesavsebiavtomatebi: avtobusebis gaCerebebze damontaJdeba plastikurisamgzavro baraTebis Sesavsebi avtomatebi, raTa mgzavrebma adgilzeSesZlon TanxiT maTi Sevseba.Y2.5 – mikroavtobusebis teqnikuri inspeqtireba: mikroavtobusებიyoveldRe muSaobis dawyebamde გაივლიან teqnikur შემოწმebas.Y2.6 – მიკროავტობუსებით მგზავრობისას usafrTxoebis gazrda:mikroavtobusebSi aikrZaleba fexze dgoma avtobusis moZraobisas,raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos mgzavris usafrTxoeba; mZRolebiyoveldRe gaivlian tests alkoholis miRebaze.Y2.7 – bileTebis aRebis გაუმჯობესებული sistema: SemoRebul iqnebasaerTo gadaxdis sistema avtobusebisTvis, mikroavtobusebisa dametrosTvis. specialuri fasdaklebis SeRavaTebi gakeTdebasocialurad daucveli pirebisTvis. (amJamad avtobusebsa da metroSimoqmedi sistemis msgavsad).Y2.8 –marSrutebis gaumjobeseba da optimizacia: avtobusebismarSrutebi Semcirdeba 125 xazidan 92-mde, Sesabamisad, SemcirdebaqalaqSi mosiarule avtobusebis raodenobac.Y2.9 –აvtobusebisTvis gansazRvruli სპეციალური სავალი ზოლები*: aseTiგზebis arseboba avtobusebs calke operirebis saSualebas miscems,transportis sxva saxeobebTan Sexebis gareSe. pirvel etapze undamomzaddes teqnikur – ekonomikuri dasabuTeba. mgzavrebis mTlianbrunvaze efeqtis dasadgenad winaswar unda ganxorcieldes sapilotoproeqtebi.43

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>zemoaRniSnuli RonisZiebebi miznad isaxavs sazogadoebrivitransportiT sargeblobis gamartivebas da komfortis Seqmnas. maTiganxorcieleba pirdapir zemoqmedebas ar axdens emisiis Semcirebaze,მაგრამ zrdis im saqmianobis efeqturobas, romlis ganxorcielebacunda moxdes Semdgom etapze (mag. kerZo avtomanqanebis SemzRudvelizomebi). winaswari Sefasebis mixedviT,Yam RonisZiebebis gatarebisSemdeg sazogadoebrivi taransportiT sargeblobis wili 20020 wlamde4%-iT gaizrdeba.saqmianoba Y3 –sazogadoebrivi transportis momsaxurebisgaumjobesebis sxva gzebiY3.1 – avtobusebis parkis optimizacia - didi da sawvavis intensiuradmomxmarebeli manqanebi amoRebuli iqneba avtoparkidan.Y3.2 – metros gagrZeleba universitetis sadguramde: მეტროსსაბურთალოს მიმართულება gagrZeldeba universitet 2-mde, saburTalosraionis bolomde; universitetis sadguris gvirabi ukve aSenebulia. Esainvesticio programa moicavs metros gagrZelebas 1.5 km-iTinfrastruqturuli samoqalaqo samuSaoebis CaTvliT da axalisadguris gaxsnას. Sedegad, metroTi იsargeblეbs damatebiT 4.4. mln.mgzavri weliwadSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom metros gagrZeleba armoiTxovs metros moZravi Semadgenlobis parkis gazrdas. proeqtsnawilobriv daafinansebs Tbilisis meria, nawilobriv – aziis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> banki.Y3.3 - tramvais xazi: axlo momavalSi TbilisSi funqcionirebasdaiwyebs alternatiuli sazogadoebrivi transporti – tramvai.Tanamedrove tramvais Semdegi upiratesobebi gaaCnia sxvasatransporto saSualebebTan SedarebiT: usafrTxoeba (damtkicebulia bevri ganviTarebuli qveynismagaliTze) dabinZurebisa da CO 2 emisiis minimaluri raodenoba naklebad xmauriani sxva satransporto saSualebebTanSedarebiT (avtobusi da sxv.) komfortulia moxუcebisa da invalidebisTvis didi tevadoba – saaTSi 3000-15000 mgzavris gadayvana erTimimarTulebiT siCqare – saSualod 25-30 km/sT energiis mcire moxmareba mimzidvelia turistebisTvissakonsultacio kompania SYSTRA asrulebs Tbilisis tramvais qselis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> teqnikur-ekonomikur dasabuTebaს da amzadebs Sesabamisproeqts. dokumneti mzad iqneba 2012 wlis dasawyisSi da proeqtissavaraudo Rirebulebac maSin gaxdeba cnobili.44

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong><strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Si Cven ganvixilavT16 km tramvais xazs delisis metrodan samgoramde; 15 km-ian xazsWavWavaZis gamziridan – rusTavelis gamziramde, 23 km-ian xazs - dididiRmidan samgoris metromde. avtobusebsa da mikroavtobusebsCaanacvlebs Tanamedrove tramvai CO2 -is mcire emisiiT. კvlevam აCvena,rom kerZo manqanebis mflobelebic ufro ixrebian avtomanqanebistramvais msgavsi transportiT Canacvlebisken, vidre avtobusebiT maTiSecvlisken. statistikis mixedviT, tramvais mgzavrebis 30% sakuTarimanqaniT sargeblobdnen. proeqtი savaraudod dafinansdeba aziis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> bankis sesxiT.saqmianoba R1 – kerZo avtomanqanebis SemzRudveli RonisZiebebiR1.1 – garemos dacvis kunZulebi: e.w. “garemos dacvis kunZulebis”Seqmnis mizania: garkveul adgilebSi kerZo manqanebis moZraobიsakrZalva; kerZo manqanebis moZraobisTvis dasaSvebi gzebis ricxvisSemcireba, manqanebis saSualo siCqaris Semcireba, optimaluri sagzaousafrTxoebis garantireba, sazogadoebrivi transportis nakadis,velosipedistebisa da fexiT mosiaruleTa moZraobis xelSewyoba.R1.2 – safasuris daweseba: manqaniT mosargebleebisaTvis qalaqSi,gansakuTrebiT ki, qalaqis centrSi moZraobisa da dgomisaTvisgarkveuli gadasaxadiს dakisreba, mag. socialuri gadasaxadis qalaqSimanqanis tarebisTvis. yovelive amis Sedegad kerZo manqanebiTmgzavroba naklebad mimzidveli gaxdeba. adgilobriv xelisuflebaTagamocdileba, romlebmac SemoiRes gadasaxadebi gadatvirTulmoZraobaze, gviCvenebs, rom am RonisZiebis ganxorcielebis SedegadmniSvnelovnad Semcirda manqanebis moZraoba da gaizarda sxva saxistransportiT sargebloba. გadasaxadebis daweseba SeiZleba efeqtianiinstrumenti iyos manqanebis moZraobis Sesamcireblad dasazogadoebrivi transportis xelmisawvdomobis gasazrdelad.R1.3 – parkingis (მანქანის სადგომი adgilebis) marTva: parkingis marTvamanqanebiT sargeblobis regulirebis mZlavri instrumentiaadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis. gadasaxadebisdaweseba, drois SezRudvebi da parkingis adgilebis kontrolimniSvnelovani saSualebebia qalaqis თვითmmarTvelobis xelSi.parkingis drois SezRudva qalaqSi avtomanqaniT CamosulTaTvis (mag.ori saaTiT), Seamcirebs manqaniT qalaqSi Semosuli manqanebisraodenobas ise, rom ar SeizRudeba urbanuli maRaziebisxelmisawvdomoba.am RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebamde unda momzaddes teqnikurekonomikuridasabuTebebi. amis gareSe maT efeqturobas zustad verganvsazRvravT, Tumca, winaswari SefasebebiT, aRniSnuli RonisZiebebisSedegad kerZo transportis moxmarebis wili 2020 wlamde 5%-iTSemcirdeba.R1.4 – naklebi ნახშირბადის emisiis მქონე avtomanqanebis xelSewyoba:mosalodnelia, rom manqanebis teqnikuri inspeqtireba 2015 wlidan45

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>savaldebulo iqneba: es xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva mastimulirebelizomebis danergvas ატმოსფერული haeris ძლიერ damabinZurebel benzinsada dizelze momuSave manqanebis Caსაnacvlebლaდ axali, ekologiuradsufTa manqanebiT. amas unda daematos ekologiuri zemoqmedebisSemamcirebeli sxva RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebac, rogoricaa, dabalian nulovani parkingis gadasaxadis daweseba ekologiurad sufTamanqanebisTvis, dabali tarifebi maTi teqnikuri დათვალიერebisTvis,taqsis mZRolebisთვის tarifebis Semcireba dabali emisiis mqonemanqanebiT muSaobis SemTxvevaSi, da a.S.M1. municipaluri avtoparkis ganaxleba: personaluri momsaxurebismunicipaluri manqanebis 80% Seicvleba ufro mcire - 1.1 l moculobisZravebis mqone avtomanqanebiT.46

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2. Senobebi2.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebibolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi araerT pozitiur cvlilebashqonda adgili SenobebSi energiis dazogvis mimarTulebiT. Tbilisismeriam ganaxorciela ramdenime programa, romelic miznad isaxavdaSenobebSi energoefqturobis miRwevas. “municipalurienergoefeqturobis dagegmvis” CarCo xelSekruleba, romelic daidonorvegiis energoefqturobisa da <strong>energetikis</strong> biznesis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>sakonsultacio kompaniasTan, moicavs SenobebSi energoefeqturobisdanergvis aspeqtebs, wamyvani municipaluri kadrebis trenings da aseve,municipaluri Senobebis monacemTa bazis Seqmnas energiis moxmarebisgansazRvrisa da Semcirebis, agreTve, momavalSi energiis dazogvismizniT.aSS saerTaSoriso <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> saagentom (USAID) saqarTveloSiganaxorciela energoefqturobis 30-ze meti sapiloto proeqti,romelTa farglebSi Catarda saqarTveloSi energoefeqturobisa daganaxlebadi energiis potencialis Sefaseba. Sefasda agreTve,Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris mSeneblobis seqtoris perspeqtivaenergoefeqturobis kuTxiT. USAID-Winrock axorcielebs proeqts“naTeli”, romelic miznad isaxavs sazogadoebriv da saavadmyofoTaSenobebSi energoefeqturi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas. proeqtisfarglebSi dagegmilia TanamSromloba municipalitetTan sacxovrebelkorpusebSi saerTo sargeblobis farTobebis keTilmowyobis mizniT.INOGATE-SEMISE proeqtis garflebSi mimdinareobs Tbilisismeriis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmismosamzadebeli samuSaoebi. 39 Catarebuli Sefasebebis Tanaxmad,energoefeqturobis yvelaze didi potenciali arsebobs Senobebisa datransportis seqtorSi.energoefeqturobis strategia SenobebisTvis ganixilavsklimatis cvlilebis gamomwvev mizezebsa da Sedegebs. igi miznadisaxavs energiis moTxovnis Semcirebas da energiis dazogviskulturis danergvas pasuxismgebeli administraciuli mxareebisa damcxovreblebisTvis energiis dasazogad meti arCevanisa daSesaZleblobis SeqmniT. es strategia gulisxmobs momavalSi energiis39 INOGATE: energetikuli TanamSromloba evrokavSiris, Savi zRvisa da kaspiis zRvis auzebis da maTmezobel qveynebs Soris. SEMISE: energetikuli bazris integraciisa da <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>mxardaWera dsT-s qveynebSi.47

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gadasaxadis Semcirebas da qalaqis ekonomikis <strong>mdgradi</strong> ganviTarebasSenobebSi energoefqturobisa da CO2 emisiis Semcirebis RonisZiebebaTagatarebiT.aRniSnul seqtorSi energoefeqturobis strategia arsebuli daaxlad aSenebuli SenobebisTvis gansxvavebulia. igi eyrdnoba <strong>mdgradi</strong><strong>ganviTarebis</strong> perspeqtivasa da valdebulebebs energomoxmarebisSemcirebis gaTvaliswinebiT. axali Senobebi SeiZleba Tavidanve isedaproeqtdes da aSendes, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyosenergoefqturobis sakiTxebi Senobis struqturaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi,Senobis garsis Termoizolaciuri maCveneblebis gaumjobesebasSeuZlia Seamciros gaTbobis sistemis energomoxmareba 40-50%-iT 40 .arsebuli Senobebis Tboizolaciis maxasiaTeblebi SeiZlebagaizardos remontis, efeqturi teqnologiebis gamoyenisa damcxovrebTa qcevis normis SecvliT, rac 2020 wlisTvis 20%-iTSeamcirebs saTburis gazebis emisias.saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba moicavs kanonebs,romlebic municipalitetma SeiZleba gamoiyenos, rogorcsaxelmZRvanelo dokumenti klimatis cvlilebebis SerbilebisRonisZiebaTa gansaxorcieleblad:saqarTvelos parlamentis 2005 wlis 27 dekembris dadgenileba#25/37 - “saqarTvelos <strong>energetikis</strong> seqtoris saxelmwifo politikisZiriTadi mimarTulebebi” da parlamentis mier damtkicebuli<strong>energetikis</strong> saministros 2006 wlis 7 ivnisis dokumenti, romelSicgansazRvrulia <strong>energetikis</strong> politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi.saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebissaministros 2008 wlis 20 oqtombris brZaneba #704 “stancionaluriwyaroebidan haeris dabinZurebis inventarizaciis Sesaxeb.”kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxebkanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis SesaxebTbilisSi Senobebis umravlesoba flangavs energias maTi uxarisxodaproeqtebis, araswori teqnologiebisa da momxmarebelTaaraadeqvaturi qcevis gamo. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos jer ar miuRiasamSeneblo kodeqsi, romelic iTvaliswinebs SenobebSienergoefqturobis zomebis dacvas. cxadia, rom sakanonmdeblo40 es daskvna miRebulia gamoTvlebis Sedegad, romlebSic gaTvaliswinebulia energoefeqturi samSenebloblokebis teqnikuri parametrebi. gamoTvlebi Catarda BEEP eleqtronuli programis gamoyenebiT, romelicemyareba “gradus-dReebis” (DD) midgomas. TbilisisTvis DD indeqsi Sefasda 2322 tolad (wyaro: karinemeliqaZe “energoauditis Catarebis meToduri saxelmZRvanelo”).48

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>CarCoebis gareSe, <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmisstrategia ver asaxvs saqmianobas, romelic municilitetisiurisdiqciaSi ar Sedis. municipaluri politika SeiZlebaiTvaliswinebdes axali Senobebis energoefeqturobis sakiTxebs,rogorc “rbil iaraRs”, romelic mxolod sainformacio kampaniiTSemoifargleba. amdenad, strategia fokusirebuli unda iyos arsebulSenobebze da konkretul, realistur da ekonomikurad efeqtianRonisZiebebze qalaqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.igi unda emyarebodes municipalitetis prioritetul miznebssocialuri da finansuri problemebis gadasawyvetad, romlebic,miRweul unda iqnas 2020 wlamde saTburis gazebis emisiisvaldebulebiT nakisr donemde Semcirebis gaTvaliswinebiT.2.1.1. Senobebis mier energiis moxmarebis analiziSenobaTa TbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebis analiziTbilisis municipaluri Senobebi SeiZleba daiyos 4 kategoriad: kategoria 1 – saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo da kulturulidawesebulebebikategoria 2 - sportuli obieqtebi kategoria 3 - jandacvis sistemis dawesebulebebi 41kategoria 4 – administraciuli Senobebi da sxv.yvela municipaluri Senoba sabWoTa periodSia aSenebuli; maTinawili garemontda, magram energoefeqturobis moTxovnaTagaTvaliswinebis gareSe. energoefqturobis erTaderTi sakiTxi, racgaTvaliswinebul iqna am Senobebis remontisas, iyo ormagi Seminvismetalo-plastmasis fanjrebis damontaJebaa.Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris saerTo farTobi 37 milionkvadratul metrs Seadgens. Senobebis mier moxmarebuli energiissiTburi maxasiaTeblebis analizi moicavs: Senobis kompaqturobismoTxovnebs (geometriuli forma), rac gulisxmobs Senobis SemzRudavikonstruqciis zedapiris farTobis mis moculobasTan Sefadrebiskoeficientis, eqspluataciis vadis, samSeneblo masalis da agreTveSeminvis praqtikis Sefasebas.Tbilisi Zveli qalaqia didi istoriuli centriT, romlis nawilioficialurad “Zveli Tbilisis ubans” ekuTvnis. qalaqis es nawiliZiriTadad Sedgeba 1917 wlamde aSenebuli saxlebisgan, romlebic41 ramdenime baga-baRi ar funqcionirebs, radgan dakavebulia iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis meir.49

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mTeli Tbilisis sacxovrebeli Senobebis daaxloebiT 10-12% moicavs.(sur. 5).sur. 5: Zveli Senoba Tbilisis centralur istoriul nawilSies Senobebi ZiriTadad warmoadgens araumetes samsarTulian,(xSirad adgilobrivi saxeobis, kvadratuli an brtyeli) aguriT naSennagebobebs. maT fanjrebs erTmagi Seminva da xSirad xis CarCoebi aqvTda saremontoa. Tavad mobinadreebi iSviaT SemTxvevaSi cvlianfanjrebs metalo-plastmasis Tanamedrove fanjrebiT.am Senobebis kompaqturobis TvalsazrisiT sacxovrebeli farTisSemowmebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom SenobaTa umravlesoba kargad arisdaproeqtebuli, maTi SemzRudavi karkasis zedapiris moculobasTanSefardebis koeficienti maRali ar aris, Sesabamisad, maTiTbodanakargebic didi ar aris.imdroindeli samSeneblo praqtikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyogare kedlebi, romelTa sisqe ZiriTadad Seadgenda 0.7-1.0 metrs. racniSnavs, rom Senobebis gare kedlebi maRali siTburi izolaciiT dadabali TbodanakargebiT xasiaTdeba. am Senobebis energoefqturobaufro maRalia, vidre sabWoTa periodSi agebuli Senobebisa, rocakanonmdeblobiT energoefeqturobis moTxovnebi sainJinro kodeqsSiasaxuli ar iyo. miaxloebiT am kedlebis siTburi winaRoba SeiZlebaSefasdes rogorc: R=1.0-1.5 m 2 0 C/W.eqspertebis Sefasebis Tanaxmad, Zveli Senobebis siTburiwinaRobis koeficienti 2-3-jer aRemateba sabWoTa periodSi aSenebuliSenobebis koeficients, miuxedavad imisa, rom droTa ganmavlobaSikedlebis TbogamZleoba klebulobs. unda aRiniSnos, agreTve, rom amSenobebis karkasi sakmaod dazianebulia da aucileblia ZveliTbilisis sacxovrebeli Senobebis detaluri Sefaseba, raTa50

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gansazRvrul iqnas romeli Senobis SekeTeba da romlis dangrevaiqneba umjobesi. Zveli sacxovrebeli saxlebis saxuravebidaproeqtebulia sxveniT, amitom gadawyvetileba saxuravsTboizolaciis Sesaxeb yvela Senobis SemTxvevaSi unda iqnas miRebulisareabilitacio samuSaoebis dros.danarCeni sacxovrebeli saxlebis 65% warmoadgens 60-ianiwlebis Semdeg aSenebul, maRalsarTulian sacxovrebel korpusebs.1960-iani wlebis dasawyisSi umetesad Sendeboda 5-sarTulianimravalbiniani korpusebi e.w. “xruSCovkebi”. maTi sainJinro dasamSeneblo kriteriumebi gamomdinareobda imdroindeli mTavrobispolitikidan, romelic miznad isaxavda mosaxleobis cxovrebispirobebis minimaluri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas. xruSCovisperiodis Senobebis saeqspluatacio vada 25 weli iyo.sur 6: sabWoTa periodis mravalsarTuliani Senobaam saxlebis umravlesoba 50 wlis win aSenda. yvelazegavrcelebuli proeqti iyo: N 1-319C, N 1-450C, N 1-464AC. am proeqtisTiToeuli tipi daproeqtebuli iyo sxvadasxva samSeneblo masaliT 7-baliani miZisZvris gamZleobiT. es saxlebi pirvelad CveulebrivSendeboda aguriT, romelic Semdgom Caanacvles didi samSenebloblokebiTa da panelebiT. Semdeg daiwyo aseTi proeqtebiTmravalsarTuliani (8 sarTuliani) korpusebis mSenebloba.im periodSi agebuli Senobebis Termuli winaRoba dabali iyo,radgan komfortisa da sanitarul-higienuri kriteriumebi minimaluriiyo. maTi siTburi gamZleoba akmayofilebda savaldebulo standarts,rac sainJinro kodeqsis mixedviT ar aRemateboda: R=0.575 m 20 C/W. undaaRiniSnos, rom kodeqsi droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleboda, magram zemoTaRniSnuli savaldebulo kriteriumi yvelaze maRalia sabWoTaperiodis sainJinro praqtikaSi.51

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>masiurma mSeneblobebma axali midgoma moiTxova. gaxSirdaerTfenovani betonis kedlebis gamoyeneba. kedlebis sisqeganisazRvreboda tegnologiasa da struqturul, da ara TboinJinrulmoTxovnebze dayrdnobiT. teqnologiuri da struqturulimoTxovnebiT igive klimatur pirobebSi kedlebis sisqeganisazRvrebioda Semdegnairad: blokis kedlebi – 40sm, filiskedlebi – 30 sm, karkasis filis kedlebi – 25 sm. fanjrebi ZiriTadaderTmagad iyo Seminuli.es niSnavs, rom 60-iani wlebis Semdgomi periodis Senobebisumetesoba TbilisSi gaTvlili iyo zamTarSi zedmeti siTbosmiwodebaze 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi momuSave centraluri gaTbobissaqvabidan.am Senobebis saxuravebi umeteswilad brtyelia, wyalgamZlesaizolacio masala gaTvaliswinebuli iyo proeqtSic dagamoiyeneboda mSeneblobis drosac, Tumca droTa ganmavlobaSiamortizacia ganicada, radganac 30 wlis Semdeg mas eqspluataciisvada amoewura.Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtori agreTve aerTianebs kerZosaxlebis komponents, sadac erTi an ori ojaxi cxovrobs. es saxlebicsabWoTaA periodSia aSenebuli da umetesad mSeneblobis im drosgavrcelebul praqtikas Seesabameba. maT ZiriTadad aguriT aSenebdnenan cementis blokebiT. kedlebis siTburi winaRobis koeficientiZiriTadad savaldebulo koeficientis donezea (R=0.575 m 20 C/W), racimis maCvenebelia, rom Senobis gaTbobisTvis aqac zedmeti siTbosmiwodebaa saWiro.damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdgom periodSi saqarTveloSiekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri TbilisSimSeneblobis seqtori gaxda. axali Senobebis daproeqtebisasiTvaliswinebdenen mxolod or sakiTxs:statikur stabilurobashidrogeologiur Sefasebas.aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom developerebma daiwyesSeneba mxolod ori sabWoTa normis mixedviT da sxva normebis dacvaaRar iyo savaldebulo. amdenad, bevr SemTxvevaSi isiniugulebelyofili iyo, maT Soris, Termuli winaRobis savaldebulonormac. axali mSeneblobis TboinJinruli normebis damtkicebabevrjer gadaido.52

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>samSeneblo seqtorSi, karkasis Senebis meTodad miRebul iqnameTodi, romelic akmayofilebda statikuri stabilurobis kriteriums,magram mSeneblobis es procesi sruliad gansxvavebulia sabWoTaperiodis karkasis mSeneblobis praqtikisgan. sabWoTa periodSikarkasis mSeneblobis elementebi dafaruli iyo gare filebiT, xolodRevandeli praqtikiT Senobebis kedlebis blokebi ganTavsebuliakarkasis elementebs Soris, rac qmnis siTbur xidebs.axal SenobebSi farTod gamoiyeneba ormagi Seminvis metaloplastmasisfanjrebi, romlebic mzaddeba saqarTveloSi warmoebuliCarCoTi da importirebuli SuSiT, magram savaldebulo ar arissaboloo produqtis sertifikacia. amitomac, ormagi Seminvisfanjrebis TbogamZleoba SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos. axaliSenobebis Sefasebam gviCvena, rom saerTod isini ar moixmaren naklebenergias miuxedavad ormagi fanjrebisa, radgan am Senobebis siTburiwinaRobis koeficienti, eqsterieris dabali TbodacviTimaxasiaTeblebis gamo dabalia da saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi akmayofilebsmxolod sabWoTa periodisdroindel savaldebulo kriteriums.ramdenadac Senobebis saeqspluatacio vada SedarebiT didia,kapitaluri saremonto samuSaoebi unda Sesruldes maTieqspluataciaSi Sesvlidan daaxloebiT yovel 30-40 weliwadSierTxel. es aucilebelia, radgan Senobis ZiriTadi nawilebi dadanadgarebi gacvdeba, mwyobridan gamova da moiTovs gamocvlasYTanamedrove sazogadoebis cxovrebis pirobebisa da komfortismoTxovnebis swrafi zrdis gamo. savaldebulo remontisa da/anmowyobilobis Secvlisas SesaZlebelia Senobis energoefeqturobisgaumjobesebac. am dros energiis dazogvis miRweva SesaZlebelianaklebi xarjiT. zog SemTxvevaSi, energoefeqturobis gasazrdeladdafinanseba an saerTod ar aris saWiro, an Zalian mciredicsakmarisia.amdenad, energoefqturobis moTxovna saremonto samuSaoebis drosaucileblad unda iqnas Setanili samSeneblo normebSi. arsebulisacxovrebeli saxlebis Sefasebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT: arsebul sacxovrebel korpusebs energoefeqturobis Zaliandidi potenciali aqvT mniSvnelovania energoauditebis Catareba xarjebis SemcirebisRonisZiebaTa gansazRvris mizniT energoefqturobis RonisZiebebi Tavad SenobebSi or kategoriadSeiZleba daiyos:- TbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebis gazrda- saboloo moxmarebis axali teqnologiebis danergva53

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> energiis dazogvis mxriv kargi Sedegis misaRebad ar arisrekomendebuli mxolod erTi ekonomikurad momgebianiRonisZiebis ganxorcieleba, mag. saboloo moxmarebisteqnologiebis gaumjobeseba. proeqtebs, romlebic aerTianeben Senobis eqsterieriskomponentebis Tboizolacias, energiis dazogvis metipotenciali gaaCnia, Tumca aseTi proeqtebis sainvesticioxarjic ufro maRalia energoefeqturobis proeqtebi unda Seesabamebodes qalaqismTlian energoefeqturobis strategias energiis dazogvis RonisZiebebSi mosaxleobis CarTvis mizniTaucilebelia sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazrda daSemecnebis donis amaRleba.energiis moxmareba Tbilisis SenobebSiSenobebi TbilisSi moixmaren mTeli energiis daaxloebiT 40%.rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sayofacxovrebo seqtoris SenobaTa mTlianifarTobi TbilisSi 37 milion kv.m-s Seadgens da igi sam qveseqtoradiyofa: upirveles yovlisa mravalbiniani Senobebi (60-65%), romlebicsabWoTa periodSi aSenda, keZo saxlebi (20-25%) da Sereuli tipisbinebi (10-12%).gaTbobis sezoni TbilisSi 146 dRe grZeldeba. centralurigaTbobis sistemebi moiSala sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,radganac isini muSaobdnen rogorc centraluri hidravlikurigaTbobis sistemis nawilebi da 1991 wlis Semdeg SeuZlebeli gaxdamaTi morgeba kerZo binebis saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad.amsistemebis aRdgena SeuZlebelia, radgan maTi ZiriTadi Semadgenelinawilebi ukve aRar arsebobs (mobinadreebma daSales da jarTadCaabares radiatorebi da milebi).Tbilisis mosaxleobas zamTarSi gaTbobis problema aqvs. ararsebobs saxelmwifo dafinanseba am sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, radganyvela ojaxma individualurad unda gadawyvitos es problema TavisisakuTari finansuri da organizaciuli Zalisxmevis saSualebiT.cnobilia, rom Senobis gare (eqsterieris) maxasiaTeblebigansazRvraven gaTbobis sistemis datvirTvas rogorc TbilisSi, isemTel saqarTveloSi. sabWoTa periodSi aSenebuli SenobebisumravlesobisTvis damaxasiaTebelia maRali Tbodanakargebi dabaliTbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebis gamo. energiis kargva ZiriTadadgamowveulia cudi dizainiT, araadekvaturi teqnologiebiTaAdamosaxleobis araswori qceviT.54

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>im dros miRebul kriteriumebSi energetikuli sakiTxebigaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo. energia iafi iyo da TbodacviTimaxasiaTeblebis daproeqteba energoefeqturobis minimalurimoTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT warmoebda.rogorc Senobis gare maxasiaTeblebis analizSi ukve aRiniSna,maTi daproeqteba xdeboda iseTi gaTbobis sistemebis Sesabamisad,romlebic saxlebSi komfortuli cxovrebis pirobebis SeqmnisTvisgansazRvruli iyo Zalian didi Tbodanakarebis Sesavsebad. undaaRiniSnos, agreTve, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi am Senobebis TbodacviTimaxasiaTeblebi kidev ufro gauaresda. es niSnavs, rom sawyisisavaldebulo TbodacviTi donis parametrebma kidev daiwia da amSenobebis gasaTbobad kidev ufro meti energiis moxmareba gaxdasaWiro, romelic ukve iafi aRar aris. Sesabamisad, Tbilisismosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawilis sacxovrebeli pirobebikomfortis doneze bevrad dabalia, radgan igi ubralod ver ixdisgadasaxads.gaTbobis sezonis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis mosaxleobagasaTbobad ZiriTadad bunebrivi gazis moxmarebaze gadadis daumeteswilad iyenebs sxvadasxva saxis gazis gamaTboblebs, agreTve,eleqtrogamaTboblebs. gazis gamaTboblebi xSirad veruzrunvelyofen gaTbobisTvis aucilebel sabaziso pirobebs, Tumcamricxvelebi maRal energomoxmarebas aCveneben.ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebidan miRebuli energia gamoiyenebageoTermuli cxeli wylis miwodebiT saburTalos raionis erT-erTnawilSi. amJamad geoTermuli wylebiT maragdeba 78 Senoba (ZiriTadadgamoiyeneba cxeli wyliT momaragebaSi). wylis miwodeba uwyveti araris, xSirad wydeba. ar arsebobs wylis mricxvelebi, amitom wyalzedawesebulia suladobrivi gadasaxadi – ojaxidan 3 lari TveSi.saburTalos raionis sxva sacdel nawilSi axali geoTermuli cxeliwylis miwodebis sistemis Sesafaseblad Catarda bazris kvleva.unda aRiniSnos, rom aucilebelia teqnikuri gadawyvetilebebismiReba da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyeneba geoTermuli wylebispotencialis moxmarebis gasazrdelad, radgan dResdReobiT wylisgamanawilebeli sistemis milsadenebs ar gaaCniaT izolacia daWaburRilidan miRebuli geoTermuli wyali aRar brundebaWaburRilSi. cxeli wylis miwodeba mxolod ramdenime saaTiTxorcieldeba, xSirad yovelgvari grafikis gareSe. wylis raodenobac,gansakuTrebiT zamTarSi, dabali wnevis gamo Zalian mcirea. unda55

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>daiwyos sapiloto proeqtis ganxorcieleba, raTa ganisazRvrosTermuli wylebis potencialis gamoyenebis teqnikuri saSualebebi.energomoxmarebis monacemebienergomoxmarebis monacemebi TbilisisTvis mocemulia qvemoT,cxrilSi 2.1.cxrili 2.1. eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis monacemebiTbilisis energomoxmareba, mln kvt.sTeleqtroenergiistranzitiwelisayofacxovrebo komerciuli BbiujetisfinansirebaSulTbilisismetrosTvis mlnkvt.sT2000 776.73 316.01 85.19 1,177.93 73.412001 595.82 391.44 100.90 1,088.17 75.162002 650.82 440.72 123.84 1,215.37 76.022003 623.34 449.99 124.92 1,198.24 80.492004 614.96 403.38 212.74 1,231.07 72.002005 663.98 438.72 221.36 1,324.06 63.792006 727.80 477.90 188.80 1,394.50 64.412007 716.82 532.37 153.60 1,402.80 62.722008 781.31 576.54 158.43 1,516.28 63.102009 798.03 579.40 166.59 1,544.02 62.06Tbilisis mosaxleoba Seadgens daaxloebiT 1170 aTass. mosaxleobisganawileba raionebis mixedviT moyvanilia cxrilSi 2.2.56

mln kvt.sTTbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.2. Tbilisis mosaxleobis dayofa raionebis mixedviTraionebimosaxleobavake 130,000saburTalo 130,000mTawminda 60,000krwanisi 50,000isani 130,000samgori 170,000didube 90,000CuRureTi 70,000gldani 180,000naZaladevi 160,000sul 1,170,000 42sayofacxovrebokomerciulisabiujetodafinansebiTsulwelinax 9. Tbilisis Senobebis mier eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis diagrama42 ოფიციალური სტატისტიკით ქ. თბილისის მოსახლეობა 2009 წელს 1.152 მილიონია. 2020 წლისთვისემისია გამოთვლილია ოფიციალურ სტატისტიკაზე დაყრდნობით.57

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.3. TbilisSi bunebrivi gazis moxmareba kubur metrebSiweliTbilisSi bunebrivi gazis moxmareba kubur metrebSisulsazofacxovreboseqtorisxvamomxmareblisraodenobasayofacxovreboseqtorSi2001 55,716,935 39,514,988 16,201,947 153,6022002 64,198,673 47,202,264 16,996,409 197,5512003 87,175,863 66,346,740 20,829,123 234,4652004 125,518,816 96,676,967 28,841,849 258,7002005 162,021,975 117,577,961 44,444,014 278,1392006 220,263,752 167,334,114 52,929,638 296,9782007 269,997,725 207,793,483 62,204,242 300,2052008 269,637,230 201,876,648 67,760,582 304,8522009 273,796,902 203,571,665 70,225,237 311,177nax. 10. gazis momxmarebelTa raodenoba Tbilisis sacxovrebel SenobebSi.58

mgvt.sT.Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sulsayofacxovreboseqtorisxvanax 11. TbilisSi bunebrivi gazis moxmarebis diagrama (m3).bunebrivi gazis moxmareba TbilisSisulsayofacxovreboseqtorisxvawelinax 12. TbilisSi bunebrivi gazis moxmarebis diagrama (kvt.sT).naxazebze 12–23 mocemulia raionebis mixedviT bunebrivi gazis wliurimoxmarebis diagrama.59

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>m 3nax 13. gazis moxmareba samgoris raionSi, 2009nax 14. gazis moxmareba gldanis raionSi, 200960

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax 15. gazis moxmareba diRmis raionSi, 2009m 3nax 16. gazis Tviuri moxmareba CuRureTis raionSi, 200961

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>m 3nax 17. gazis moxmareba saburTalos raionSi, 2009m 3nax 18. gazis moxmareba vake-wyneTis raionSi, 200962

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>m 3nax 19. gazis moxmareba mTawmindis raionSi, 2009m 3nax 20. gazis moxmareba isnis raionSi, 200963

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>m 3nax 21. gazis moxmareba isani-2 qveraionSi, 2009m 3nax 22. gazis moxmareba vazisubnis raionSi, 200964

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>m 3nax 23. gazis moxamreba saburTalo-nucubiZis qveraionSi, 2009m 3nax. 24. gazis moxmareba didubis raionSi, 200965

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax. 25. gazis moxmareba krwanisis raionSi, 2009nax 26. gazis moxmareba sanzonis raionSi, 200966

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax 27. gazis moxmareba naZaladevis raionSi, 2009naxazebidan 13-27 Cans TbilisSi gazis moxmarebis saSualod 3.5 -5-jer zrda zamTris sezonSi, rac imas miuTiTebs, rom Tbilisismosaxleobis umravlesoba bunebrivi gazis energias gaTbobis mizniTiyenebs.tarifi eleqtroenergiaze, bunebriv gazze da wyalze dadgeniliasaqarTvelos <strong>energetikis</strong>a da wyalmomaragebis maregulirebelierovnuli komisiis mier.TbilisSi eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis saboloo tarifebi 43 30dRis ganmavlobaSi aris Semdegi:cxrili 2.4. eleqtroenergiis tarifebi101 kvt.sT. zemoT 11.424 - TeTri/- kvt.sT101 kvt.sT-dan 301 kvt.sT-mde 13.56 - TeTri/- kvt.sT301 kvt.sT zemoT 14.998 - TeTri/- kvt.sT43 wyaro: Sps “Telasi”67

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>TbilisSi bunebrivi gazis moxmarebis saboloo tarifi44 arisSemdegi: sayofacxovrebo seqtori warmoadgens dabali wnevis gazismTavar momxmarebels da misTvis tarifi Seadgens 42.898 TeTri/m3 dRg-sgareSe. dRg-s (18%) CaTvliT ki – 50.6196 TeTri/m3.2.2. Senobebidan saTburis gazebis sabaziso done“gro harlem brundtlandis” mier SemuSavebuli <strong>mdgradi</strong><strong>ganviTarebis</strong> axali koncefcia momaval ganviTarebas gansazRvravsrogorc yvela sferos integrirebul ganviTarebas, romelic moicavsekonomikas, garemos dacvas, socialuri sferoebs, rogorcerTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuls “progresis ganuyofelmimarTulebebs, aucilebels axlandeli Taobis saWiroebaTadasakmayofileblad momavali Taobebis saWiroebaTa SezRudvisgareSe”.<strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> koncefciis farglebSi didi yuradRebaeqceva <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> Temas energoefeqturobisa daganaxlebadi energiis sakiTxebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswinebiT. amdenad,yvela mxaris mier aRiarebul iqna, rom anTropogenuli faqtorebiTgamowveuli globaluri daTboba da klimatis cvlileba gamowveuliaekonomikuri saqmianobis Sedegad CO 2 -is emisiiT.kiotos protokolis farglebSi bevrma qveyanam aiRo saTburisgazebis emisiis Semcirebis valdebuleba. am dokumentis erT-erTimizania protokolis monawileebis erToblivi Zalisxmevis gaaqtiurebasaTburis gazebis emisiis Sesamcireblad. DCvens planetaze am procesisstabilizaciisa da garemos dacvis warmatebiT marTvisTvis didimniSvneloba aqvs mtkice politikur gadawyvetilebas.evrokavSiri saTaveSi udgas brZolas klimatis cvlilebisa daglobaluri daTbobis Sesaneleblad. merebis SeTanxmeba evrokomisiispirveli iniciativaa, romelic uSualodaa mimarTuli adgilobrivixelisuflebisa da maTi moqalaqeebis globaluri daTbobiswinaaaRmdeg brZolis dasawyebad da kiotos protokolis moTxovnebisSesasruleblad.Tbilisis merias aqtiuri da pozitiuri damokidebuleba aqvs amsakiTxis mimarT da igi srul mzadyofnas gamoxatavs Tbilisisenergoefeqtur qalaqad gadasaqcevad. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,Tbilisis Senobebs gaaCniaT erT-erTi yvelaze didi energoefqturobispotenciali.44 wyaro: Sps “yaztransgaz-Tbilisi”68

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>meriis iniciativiT Tbilisis SenobebisTvis momzadda saTburisgazebis inventarizacia, rogorc <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>gegmis nawili, romelic moicavs energomoxmarebis analizs daSenobebis seqtorSi misi optimizaciisa da CO2 emisiis Semcirebisgzebs. SenobebTan dakavSirebiT sabaziso emisiis gamoTvlis mizniTSeswavlil iqna Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris mier energiismoxmarebis struqtura da eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi gazissaboloo moxmarebis mowyobilobebi. LEAP kompiuteruli programisgamoyenebiT Sefasda sabaziso emisiis inventarizaciis SedegebiSenobaTa seqtorSi. CO2-is emisiis gansazRvrisa da 2020 wlamde emisiisprognozirebisTvis sabaziso wlad aRebul iqna 2009 weli. CO2-isemisiis gamoTvlis meTodologia dafuZnebulia energiis saboloomoxmarebis teqnologiis Sefasebasa da moxmarebis tendenciaze.aRniSnuli meTodologia iyenebs qvemoT warmodgenil monacemebsa daSedegebs.2.2.1. energiis saboloo momxmarebeli teqnologiebis SefasebaTbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi eleqtroenergiis moxmarebisstruqtura gansxvavdeba momxmareblis kategoriis mixedviT, racmoqmedebs energoefeqturobaze, misi gazrdis saSualebebsa da gzebze.magaliTad, momxmareblebis yvelaze xelmokle jgufi (moixmars TveSi5-100 kvt.sT energias), Tbilisis mTeli momxmareblebis 36%-s Seadgensda mTeli moxmarebuli energiis TiTqmis naxevars xarjavs ganaTebaze,25%-eleqtrogamaTbobelze e.i. jamSi 75% 45 . 11%-s xarjavs macivarze, 5%- televizorze da 4%-s – uToze.101-300 kvt.sT-ian kategoriaSi (yvela momxmareblis mxolod 10%)ganaTeba mTeli eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis naxevars Seadgens,macivrebi – 17%, wylis eleqtrogamaTboblebi – 10% (rac winakategoriaSi saerTod ar iyo) anu sul 77%.301-ze met kvt.sT-ian kategoriaSi energomoxmarebis yvelaze didiwili wylis eleqtrogamacxeleblebze modis – 31%, ganaTebaze – 24%,eleqtrogamaTboblebi da macivrebi moixmaren 13%-s; sul 81%. ojaxebi,sadac iyeneben sarecx manqanebs, haeris kondicionerebs, pesonalurkompiuterebs, TiToeulze modis energomoxmarebis mxolod 3%,Sesabamisad maTi energoefeqturobis potenciali Zalian dabalia.bolo kategoria yvelaze msxvilia momxmareblebs Soris damoicavs momxmarebelTa 40%. mas moyveba yvelaze naklebi energiismomxmarebeli (5-100kvt.sT) 101-300 kvt.sT-iani kategoria SeiZlebaganxilul iqnas rogorc gardamavali xanmokle da mdidari45 mosaxleobis 14% moixmars TveSi 5 kvt-ze nakleb eleqtroenergias da warmoadgenscariel binebs.69

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mosaxleobis jgufebs Soris. adamianebi, maTi ekonomikurimdgomareobis Sesabamisad, am kategoriidan SeiZleba an zeviTgadaadgildnen, an qveviT.301-ze met kvt.sT-ian kategoriaSi Semavali adamianebi energiisZiriTad nawils (eleqtroenergiis 48%) moixmareneleqtromowyobilobebze da zogaven ganaTebaze. Tu SevadarebT tipiurojaxebs, maTi moxmarebis 62-65% modis macivrebze, televizorebze dapersonalur kompiuterebze, 76% - farTobis eleqtrogamaTboblebze,da 89% - wylis eleqtrogamacxeleblebze. es niSnavs, romenergoefqturobis gazrdis realuri potenciali SeiZlebamomxmareblis am kategoriaSi moiZebnos.70

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.5. Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi eleqtroenergiis moxmareba 2009 wels Seadgenda: 798.03 mln. kvt. sT.energoefeqturobis xarisxi eleqtromowyobilobebisTvis Tbilisis sacxovrebel SenobebSieleqtromowyobilobistipebieleqtroenergiissaSualomoxmarebiskategoriisTvisganaTebafarTobiseleqtrogamaTboblebiwyliseleqtrogamacxeleblebiavzistipisavzisgareSemacivrebicalkariani,sayinuliTorkariani,sayinuleebiT≤ 180 smtelevizorebiTxevadkristalebze –90-dan 100 sm-mdepersonalurikompiuterebiuTo-ebisarecxmanqanahaeriskondicioneriEERCOPsxveleqtroenergiismoxmarebisstruqtura (%)33 11.2 23 14 3.5 3.3 3 3.6 2.7 2.7energoefeqturobis ganakveTiCveulebriviaraenergoefqturimowyobilobisTvisvarvaranaTureb0.13 ÷0.140.95 0.87 0.88 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.7-0.75 - ≤0.25 ≤0.22 ≤0.24 n/aenergoefqturobisganakveTiTanamedrove/efeqturimowyobilobisTviskompaqt.fluorescentulinaTurebi0.56 ÷ 0.691.0 0.92-0.95 0.98 33.3 3.3 0.31 ≥0.8 - ≥0.52 ≥0.32 ≥0.36 n/aSeniSvna: energoefeqturobis ganakveTi zemoT mocemul cxrilSi CamoTvlili mowyobilobebisTvis ZiriTadad eyrdnobaevrokavSiris energetikuli standartebis programas. es programa yvelaze daxvewilia dReisaTvis SemuSavebul programebs Soris,magram mainc eyrdnoba energoefqturobis gansxvavebul gamoTvlebs.71

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>ganaTebiskategoriacxrili 2.6. energefeqturobis gamoTvlebi ganaTebisTvisnaTuris tipinaTuris simZlavre(vatebSi)SeqmniliganaTebuloba(lumenebSi)eqspluataciissaSualo vadaerTinaTurisTvis(saaTebSi)efeqturoba1. varvara 60 vt 800 1000 800/60=13.32. kompaqt.fluorescent.Tbili, TeTri(2670 k)13 vt 900 10000 900/13=693. varvarahalogenisPAR38 Flood4. kompaqt.fluorescentPAR 38 Flood100 vt 1400 2000 1400/100=1423 vt 1300 6000 1300/23=56ganaTebarogorc sayofacxovrebo seqtoris energomoxmarebis winamimoxilvidan Cans, ganaTeba eleqtroenergiis yvelaze didi momxmarebeliaTbilisis ojaxebSi. am mxriv gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs mosaxleobisnaklebad SeZlebul fenas, romelic moixmars TveSi 300 kvt.sT naklebeleqtroenergias.energoefqturobis gazrda am fenaSi Zalian martivi da adviladmisaRwevi procesia, romelic mdgomareobs varvara naTurebis SecvlaSikompaqturi fluorescentuli naTurebiT. es 4-5-jer gazrdisenergoefeqturobas da Seabamisad Seamcirebs energiis moxmarebas da xarjs.imavdroulad, eqspertebis Sefasebis Tanaxmad, amJamad 101-300 kvt.sT-iankategoriaSi momxmarebelTa 25-30% kompaqtur fluorescentul naTurebsiyenebs. yvelaze Raribi momxmareblebi ver yiduloben aseT naTurebs,risTvisac ramdenime mizezi arsebobs:- fluorescentuli naTurebi adgilobriv bazarze 8-10 jer ufroZviria, vidre igive simZlavris varvara naTurebi. xanmokleojaxisTvis erTjeradi investiciis Cadeba rTulia, TumcagrZelvadian periodSi isini ufro mets ixdian.72

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>- saqarTvelos pirobebSi fluorescentuli naTurebis eqspluataciisxangrZlivoba Cveulebriv naklebia, vidre konkretul naTurasoficialurad gaaCnia, radgan adgilobriv bazarze xSiraduxarisxo produqti Semodis, da garda amisa, xSiria denismiwodebis cvalebadoba.msoflio gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom aseT pirobebSi ufromomgebiania energoefeqturi naTurebis ufasod darigeba an subsidirebulifasiT gayidva, rogorc es magaliTad did britaneTSi moxda. es SeiZlebagakeTdes yvelaze Raribi mosaxleobisTvis, romelic Tbilisismomxmareblebis mxolod 2/5-s Seadgens. es, sul mcire, interess maincgazrdis energoefeqturi naTurebis mimarT da aCvenebs maT upiratesobas.kidev erTi gza aris tradiciuli ganaTebis akrZalva kanoniT, rogorc amasruseTi apirebs, Tumca, es naklebad misaRebi midgomaa. umjobesia saTanadoxarisxis kontrolis daweseba rogorc eleqtroenergiaze, ise bazarzeSemotanil produqciaze.farTobis eleqtrogamaTboblebis energoefeqturobamarTalia, TbilisSi eleqtrogamacxeleblebis mTlianienergomoxmarebis mxriv mesame adgilzea wylis eleqtrogamaTboblebisSemdeg, magram maT didi adgili uWiravs eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSimosaxleobis yvelaze Rarib fenebSi. sainteresoa, romeleqtrogamaTboblebi, agreTve, mniSvnelovan rols asruleben SeZlebulifenis mier eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSi. momxmareblebi orive SemTxvevaSidaxarjuli energiis daaxloebiT naxevars aseT gaTbobaze xarjaven.oTaxis gasaTbobad gamoyenebuli eleqtrogamaTboblebis umravlesobaeyrdnoba konveqciis, an konduqciis meqanizms. konveqciuri gamaTboblebihaers aTboben da uzrunvelyofen mis cirkulacias oTaxSi, riTac aRwevenoTaxSi temperaturis TanadaTanobiT zrdas. bevri konveqciuri gamaTbobeliTbili haeris gamosasrolad fens iyeneben, zogi ki – haeris temperaturiszrdas axdens Tbili haeris konveqciuri nakadebiT.konduqciuri gamaTboblebi, piriqiT, gasaTbobad cxel sagnebs iyenebenda ara pirdapir Tbili haeris dabervas, rac uzrunvelyofs intensiuradgilobriv gaTbobas. zeTis radiatorebi, romlebic Zalian gavrcelebuliaTbilisSi, uzrunvelyofen ufro Tanabar gaTbobas. gamaTbebeli SeiZlebagamoirTos da CairTos, zeTis temperaturis Sesabamisad, racuzrunvelyofs stabilur gaTbobas. Sesabamisad aseTi gamaTboblebi73

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>efeqturia - Tu gamaTbobels ar gaaCnia mbrunavi mowyobiloba (feni), misiefeqturoba 100%-ia, radgan miRebuli eleqtroenergia siTbod gardaiqmneba.fenis muSaobisas efeqturoba mainc 95 - 98%-ia, radgan rezistentuligaTbobis elementebis mier moxmarebul eleqtroenergiasTan SedarebiT, fenibevrad nakleb energies moixmars.aSkaraa, rom TavisTavad aseTi gamaTboblebis efeqturobis amaRlebaSeuZlebelia, Tumca isini naklebad efeqturia, vidre bunebrivi gazisgamaTboblebi, radgan bunebrivi gazi ufro iafia, vidre eleqtroenergia.miuxedavad amisa, rigi mizezebis gamo eleqtrogamaTboblebi mainc ufrogavrcelebulia, vidre bunebriv gazze momuSave gamaTboblebi.pirveli, mizezi aris is, rom gazis gamaTboblebze gadasvla moiTxovsspecialuri gamaTboblis, an farTis wyliT gamaTboblis damontaJebas.pirvel SemTxvevaSi saWiro xarji 400-500 lari an metia. es sakmaod didixarjia ojaxebis umravlesobisTvis, romlebic TveSi 100 kvt.sT naklebenergias moixmaren. garda amisa, yvelaze efeqtur gazis gamaTboblebsac ki,romlebic adgilobriv bazarze iyideba, mxolod erTi mTliani farTisgaTboba SeuZlaT. amdenad, mravaloTaxiani binisTvis erTze metigamaTbobelia saWiro, xolo gazis damatebiTi gayvanilobis gakeTebarTulia da didad rekomendebulic ar aris.wyliani radiatorebis sistemis damontaJeba aTasobiT lari jdeba. essistema mxolod Zalian SeZlebuli ojaxebisTvis aris xelmisawvdomi.garda amisa, Tavad damontaJebis procesic mTlianad saxlis, an binisganaxlebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da kidev ufro zrdis xarjs. amasTanerTad, sabWoTa periodSi aSenebuli Senobebidan iSviaTi gamokalisi iyosaxlebi, romelTa kedlebis Tboizolacia Zvel sabWoTa normebs maincakmayofilebda. amdenad, umetes SemTxvevaSi farTobis gamaTbobeli kargiwylis radiatorebic ki ar aris sakmarisi saxlSi komfortuli pirobebisSesaqmnelad. amitom damatebiTi siTbos misaRebad farTod gamoiyenebaeleqtrogamaTboblebi. swored am mizniT aseTi tipis gamaTboblebsmniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. maRali energomoxmarebis mosaxleobis fenaSi.agreTve, Zalze xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac didi saerTo oTaxi Tbebagazis gamaTbobliT, xolo danarCeni oTaxebi - eleqtro radiatorebismeSveobiT.maRali efeqturobis mqone gamaTboblebis efeqturobis amaRlebiskidev erTi arapirdapiri gzaa SenobaTa Tboizolaciuri maxasiaTeblebis74

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gazrda es gza sakmaod Zviria (mag. axali metaloplastmasis ormagi Seminvisfanjrebis dayeneba) da adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis xSiradxelmisawvdomi ar aris.eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis gaumjobeseba am seqtorSi rTuliarogorc teqmonologiuri, ise organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT. marTalia,eleqtrogamaTboblebs cvlian ufro iafi da mosaxerxebeli gazisgamaTboblebiT, magram es sakmaod neli procesia.wylis eleqtrogamcxeleblebienergofaqtori aris wylis gamacxeleblis mier gamoyofilisasargeblo energiis Sefardeba wylis gamacxeleblisTvis miwodebulmTlian energiasTan. TbilisSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli avzis (bakis) tipiswylis gamacxeleblebis energofaqtori 1991 wlamde Seadgenda daaaxloebiT0.80-0.86, magram aseTebis mopoveba saqarTvelos bazarze Zneli iyo. amitomyvelaze gavrcelebulia 1995 wlis Semdgomi gamacxeleblebi minimalurienergofaqtoriT 0.9. saukeTeso gamaTboblebi, romlebic axlaaxelmisawvdomi, xasiaTdeba energofaqtoriT 0.92-0.95, ufro didi moculobismodelebi (80 litriani an meti) SedarebiT naklebad efeqturia, vidre mcirebakiani (40 litriani) modelebi, romlebic yvelaze farTod gamoiyeneba.bakis tipis wylis gamacxeleblebi, romlebic adgilobriv bazarze iyideba,aristonisa da Termeqsis modelebia da Seesabameba evrokavSirisstandartebs, amitom aq gaumojbesebis potenciali mcirea. igive SeiZlebaiTqvas wylis gamacxeleblebze, roelTac baki ar moyveba. momxmareblebisumravlesoba, gansakuTrebiT ki ubako gamacxeleblebis momxmareblebi,iyeneben adgilobrivi warmoebis aralicenzirebul gamacxeleblebs,romlebic araefqturia, magram aq didi niSvneloba eniWeba fass – isinibevrad iafia. Sesabamisad maT SedarebiT xelmokle mosaxleoba iyenebs,romelic 101-300 kvt.sT kategoriaSi Sedis da mTliani moxmarebuli energiismxolod 12%-s iyenebs wylis eleqtro gamacxeleblebze.rogorc wina SemTxvevaSi, aqac eleqtroenergiidan gazis energiazegadasvla momxmareblis mier misaRebi mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebaa.marTalia, ubako gazis gamacxeleblebis energofaqtori SedarebiT dabalia,vidre eleqtrogamacxeleblebisa (0.5-0.7), magram gazi imdenad iafiaeleqtroenergiaze, rom es yvela sxva faqtors gadawonis.bakiani wylis gamacxeleblebi TbilisSi mainc farTod gamoiyenebaabazanaSi wylis gasaTbobad. sabWoTa periodSi aSenebuli binebis wyoba75

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>iseTi iyo, rom gazis gamoyeneba mxolod samzareuloSi iyo SesaZlebeli.abazanaSi gazis gamoyenebisTvis saWiroa:damontaJdes farTobis wylis gamaTbobeli yvela zemoT aRweriliSedegiTdamontaJdes wylis gamaTbobeli samzareuloSi da cxeli wylismiwodebis mili abazanisken (mouxerxebeli da Zviria) damontaJdes damatebiTi gazis miwodebis xazi abazanaSi (Tuteqnikurad dasaSvebia), magram saqarTveloSi amis gakeTeba SeZlebuliojaxebisTvisac ki Zviria.yvela am faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, wylis bakianielqtrogamacxeleblebi rCeba cxeli wylis miwodebis yvelaze popularulgzad axlo momavalSi, romelic mosaxleobas gazis gamaTbobelze Zviriujdeba da Zalian mcire efeqturobis gazrdis potenciali aqvs. Tumca,Raribi mosaxleobisTvis aseTi gamaTboblebi naklebad aris xelmisawvdomi.macivrebimacivrebis energoefqturobis indeqsi gamoiTvleba maTi moxmarebisxarisxidan, binis moculobisa da tipidan gamomdinare da ar gamoixatebakvt.sT-ebSi. yvelaze gavrcelebuli modelebi calkariani macivrebiasayinuleTi da orkariani macivrebi sayinuleTi 180 sm-mde simaRliT.evropaSi efeqturi calkariani modelebisTvis miRebulia 54.4% efeqturoba,maSin rodesac saqarTveloSi xelmisawvdomi yvelaze maRali xarisxismodelebi (boSi/simensi, eleqtroluqsi da a.S.) mxolod 29.6-29.8 %-ianiefeqturobiT xasiaTdeba. rac Seexeba orkarian macivrebs, araefeqturimodelebis indeqsi 54/7% -ia, xolo efeqturebis - 29.8-30.0%. Tbilisismosaxleobis umetesoba, naklebad SeZlebuli fena moixmars calkarian,xSirad sabWoTa warmoebis modelebs, romelTa efeqturobis indeqsisdadgena SeuZlebelia, magram, ra Tqma unda, maTi efeqturoba TanamedrovemodelebTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT dabalia. meores mxriv, es Zvelimodelebi 20 welze meti xnisaa ukve da male moxmarebidan amoRebuliiqneba. yvelaze iafi calkariani macivari adgilobriv bazarze 380 lariRirs, ufro didi - 450 lari, xolo orkariani modelebis fasi 750 laridaniwyeba. amrigad, Raribi mosaxleobisTvisac ki xelmisawvdomia macivrisgamocvla. Tumca, isini TavianTi energomoxmarebis mxolod 7%-s xarjavenmacivarze da amitom am kategoriis gavlena energoefeqturobazeumniSvneloa.76

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>televizorebisxva saojaxo mowyobilobisgan gansxvavebiT, televizorebisenergomoxmareba wliTiwlobiT izrdeba, radgan maRali xarisxistelevizori ufro met energias moixmars. magaliTad, saSualo plazmuritelevizori moixmars 301 vats, maSin rodesac saSualo LCD (standartuli)televizoris simZlavre 111 vatia da LCD (LED) tipisa – 101 vt. marTalia,yvelaze Zviri da energotevadi televizorebi farTod gavrcelebuli araris. yvelaze gavrcelebuli televizorebi yvelaze patarebia, romlebicsxva saxlis eleqtromowyobilobebTan SedarebiT nakleb energiasmoixmaren. yvelaze did ekraniani televizorebic ki naTurasTan (40-dan 300vatamde) SedarebiT, cota energias saWiroeben. amdenad, realurienergodanazogi am segmentSi xdeba maSin, rodesac Zveli sabWoTatelevizori icvleba Tanamedrove televizoriT.LCD-LED TV: 90-100 sm-iani araefeqturi modelis simZlavre daaxloebiT115 vatia, maSin roca yvelaze efeqtur televizors aqvs 62 vt simZlavre.adgilobriv bazarze xelmisawvdomi CRT simZlavre 65 vatia da yvelazedidis - 117 vt.am segmentSi energoefqturobis gazrdis Zalian mcire potencialia,radgan televizorebi mTeli energomoxmarebis mxolod 3.5%-s moixmaren.realuri energodanazogi mxolod sabWoTa da Zveli ucxouritelevizorebis gamocvliT SeiZleba iqnas miRweuli. unda moxdes maTimosaxleobisgan gamosyidva, gadakeTeba da Semdeg ukan miyidva naxevarzenakleb fasad. magram Raribi mosaxleoba televizorebze mTeli Tavisienergomoxmarebis mxolod 12%-s xarjavs. garda amisa, mosaxleobas undavaswavloT raTa maT ar daayenon televizori Zilis reJimze RamiT, angamorTon, Tu saxlSi aravinaa, raTa daizogos energia.eleqtro uToebimsoflioSi gavrcelebuli eleqtro uTos yvela axali modelimsgavsia da moixmars 1-1.8 kilovat simZlavres xarisxis mixedviT. energiisdazogvis erTaderTi gza arsebobs – Zveli sabWoTa warmoebis uToebisaxali Tanamedrove modelebiT Secvla.sarecxi manqanebiMEF aris sarecxi manqanis modelis enrgoefqturobis maxasiaTebeli.mis gamosaTvlelad gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos tansacmlis moculoba,77

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>eleqtroenergiis moxmareba, cxeli wylis moxmareba da gasaSrobad saWiroenergia. imisaTvis, rom sarecx manqanas energetikuli varskvlavi mieniWos,misi minimaluri MEF unda iyos 1.8. 2011 wlis ianvridan minimalurmamoTxovnam 2.0-s miaRwia. rac ufro maRalia MEF koeficienti, miT ufroefeqturia sarecxi manqana. aSS-Si miRebuli minimaluri MEF-is koeficienti1.42-ia. TbilisSi sarecxi manqanebis energoxarji mTliani moxmarebisdaaxloebiT 3.6%-ia da manqana Cveulebriv SeZlebuli ojaxebisTvis arisxelmisawvdomi. Zalian iSviaTia zogierT ojaxSi SemorCenili sabWoTawarmoebis 20-wliani sarecxi manqanebi. adgilobriv bazarze ZiriTadadxelmisawvdomi manqanebi energetikuli A klasis aris, rac niSnavs, rom maTunda moixmaron 0.19 kvt.sT –ze naklebi energia erTi kg sarecxisgasarecxad, xolo naklebi efeqturobis mqone (G klasis) manqanebi moixmaren0.39 kvt.sT-s. amdenad, energoefeqturobis amaRlebis SesaZleblobanaklebia da dazogva SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxiiyenebs Zvel importirebul sarecx manqanas, romelic iseTi efeqturi araris, rogorc Tanamedrove manqana. magram problema imaSi mdgomareobs, romaseTi manqanebi Zalian gamZlea, 20 welze met xansac muSaoben da mflobelsar unda misi gamocvla. ra Tqma unda, es manqanebi SeiZleba SeicvalosaxliT garkveuli programis saSualebiT, Tu aseTi programa ganxilvissagani gaxdeba. eqspertebis SefasebiT, Zveli, araefqturi sarecxi manqanebiSeiZleba iyos yvela ojaxSi da moixmaron 300 kvt.sT an naklebi energiaTveSi, rac mTeli energomoxmarebis daaxloebiT 38%-s Seadgens. amdenad amkategoriaSi efeqturobis zrdis potenciali namdvilad didia, magrammTlianobSi mas SeiZleba umniSvnelo efeqti mohyves da Seadginos ojaxismTliani energomoxmarebis mxolod daaxloebiT 1.4%.haeris kondicionerebihaeris kondicionerebi fufunebis sagans warmoadgens da moixmarenTbilisis eleqtroenergiis daaxloebiT 2.7%. gaumjobeseba am seqtorSiSesaZlebelia Zveli sabWoTa kondicionerebis Tanamderove modelebiTSecvliT, Tumca es sakmaod rTulia, radgan arsebobs bazari, sadacSesaZlebelia Zveli kondicionerebis SekeTeba (rogorc televizorebisa damacivrebis SemTxvevaSi) da Semdeg gayidva yvelaze iaf Tanamderovemodelze (800 lari) 4-jer iaf fasad. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom aseTi Zvelihaeris kondicionerebi aqvT 300 kvt.sT-ze nakleb kategoriaSi arsebulmomxmareblebs, romlebic xarjaven mTliani energomoxmarebis 32%-skondicionerebze. amdenad, am segmentSi efeqturobis gazrda Tavisuflad78

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>aris SesaZlebeli, radgan Tanamedrove kondicionerebis mier moxmarebulienergia mTliani moxmarebis mxolod 0.9% Seadgens.4 kvt-ze naklebi simZlavris gagrileba-gaTbobis Tanamedrovekombinirebul e.w. “split” sistemebs Soris aris araefeqturi sistemebi,romelTa gagrilebis reJimis moxmarebuli simZlavre 3290 vatia, xoloefeqturi modelebisa - daaxloebiT 2000. gaTbobis reJimSi, moxmarebulisimZlavre Sesabamisad, 3580 da 2500 vatia. eleqtroenergiis moxmarebagagrileba/gaTbobisTvis aris Sesabamisad 389/1638 da 124/616 kvt.sT/weli.konkretuli gamagrilebeli mowoyobilobis energoefeqturobiskoeficienti aris gamoyofili sigrilis (Btu/sT-Si) Sefardeba mowyobilobismier moxmarebul simZlavresTan (vt) mocemul samuSao adgilze (Sida dagare temperaturisa da sinotivis pirobebi). evropuli energetikuli niSnismisaRebad saWiro haeris kondicioneris minimaluri energoefqturobiskoeficienti 2.2-ze naklebia (kategoria G), xolo A kategoriis minimalurikoeficienti 3.2-ze metia. haeris kombinirebuli kondicionerebis gaTbobisefeqturoba izomeba siTbos warmoebis koeficientiT (COP). evropulmarkirebaSi es maCvenebeli A klasis mowyobilobebisTvis 3.6 –ze metia,xolo G klasisTvis – 2.4 (Tumca zogierTs 5-ze metic aqvs). sxvaeleqtromowyobilobebisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTveloSi xelmisawvdomihaeris kondicionerebi ar aris markirebuli xarisxis niSnebiT, amitomrTulia maTi energoefqturobis zustad gansazRvra.personaluri kompiuterebitipiuri simZlavris personaluri kompiuteresebi 500 vt-idan 300vatamde simZlavres moixmaren. aseTi kompiuterebi Cveulebriv gamoiyenebainternetisa da videoebis sayureblad. leptopebi kidev ufro naklebsimZlavres moixmaren (25-dan 200 vatamde). kompiuterebis denis miwodebismowyobilobis (kvebis blokis) efeqturoba daaxloebiT 70-75%-ia. 75%efeqturoba niSnavs, rom 75 vt mudmivi denis simZlavris misaRebadmowyobilobas unda mivawodoT 100vt simZlavris cvladi Zabvis deni,saidanac miviRebT 75 vt mudmivi denis simZavres, xolo darCenili 25 vatidaixarjeba haeris gasaTbobad. ufro maRali xarisxis kvebis bloksSeiZleba 80% an meti energoefeqturoba hqondes, (kvebis bloki arismowyobiloba, romelic cvladi Zabvis dens mudmivad gardaqmnispersonalur kompiuterSi mosaxmarad). maRali xarisxis kvebis blokebimoixmars nakleb energias da gasagrileblad moiTxovs naklebi haeris79

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>moZraobas, Sesabamisad naklebad xmaurianic aris. aSS-s energetikulivarskvlavis programis Tanaxmad personaluri kompiuterebisenergoefeqturoba unda iyos aranakleb 80%-isa. energiis moxmarebis amkategoriaSi TiTqmis ar aris efeqturobis gazrdis potenciali. Zveli daaraefeqturi personaluri kompiuterebi faqtiurad aRar aris darCenili,radgan am mowyobilobis gaumjobeseba globlur ganviTarebas fexdafexmihyveba.cxrili 2.7. eleqtroenergiis wliuri moxmareba momxmarebelTa sxvadasxvakategoriaSi (kvt.sT. erT mowyobilobaze)momxmareblisjgufi(kvt.sT/Tve)ganaTebafarTiseleqtruligamaTbobwylis el.gamaTbobeli macivari televizori pers.kompuTosarecximanqanahaeriskondicionerisxva5-100 393 195 0 88 39 0 29 15 0 29101-300 1160 51 240 385 80 105 50 110 78 40≥ 301 1444 764 1842 792 197 192 91 200 168 314wyaro: saqarTvelos energoefeqturobis potenciali da misi gamoyenebis politikamomzadebulia “msoflios gamocdileba saqarTvelos” mier “vinrok interneiSenalisTvis”Tanaxmad qvekontraqtisa # 5708-07-0480

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.8. gaTbobis, saWmlis momzadebisa da cxeli wliT momaragebis mizniTbunebrivi gazis gamoyenebis maCveneblebi TbilisSimomxmareblisraodenobamTlianimomxmarebagigavt.sT/wsaidanac:sakvebis mzadebagigavt.sT/w%cxeli wyliTmomaragebagigavt.sT/w%gaTobobagigavt.sT./w%32000 1933.92 232.0712%456.1423.6%1245.4464.4%wyaro: yaztransgazi – 2009 welSi gazis wliuri da Tviuri moxmarebis statistikurimonacemebi 46 .Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris wili bunebrivi gazis moxmarebaSiSedarebiT maRalia eleqtroenergiis moxmarebasTan SedarebiT – 74% da 52%Sesabamisad.garda amisa, bunebrivi gazis gamoyeneba eleqtroenergiisgangansxvavebiT ufro erTsaxovania – gamoiyeneba ufro mcirericxovansaqmianobaSi naklebi mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT..sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi saWmlis dasamzadeblad ixarjeba mTlianigazis moxmarebis daaxloebiT 12%, xolo danarCeni - gaTbobasa (64.4%) dawylis gasacxeleblad (23.6%).cxrili 2.9. energoefeqturobis ganakveTebi gazis mowyobilobebisTvis Tbilisissayofacxovrebo seqtorSigazis mowyobilobis tipigazis moxmarebis struqtura(%)energoefqturobisganakveTebiCveulebrivi/araefeqturimowyobilobisTvisenergoefqturobismaqsimaluri ganakveTebiTanamedrove/efeqturimowyobilobisTvisenergoefeqturobis ganakveTebi gazis mowyobilobebisTvis Tbilisissayofacxovrebo seqtorSigazis ubakogazis qurebi wylisgazis saqvabeebigazisgamaTboblebigamacxeleblebisaWmlisdamzadeba12cxeli wyali 23.6gaTboba 64.40.55 ≥ 0.82 ≤0.70 0.78≥0.55 0.95 0.98 0.8746gazis saerTo moxmarebaSi cxeli wylis momaragebis wilis Sefasebisas gamoyenebul iqnaeqspertuli analizi.81

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gazis qurebicota ram Tu SeiZleba gakeTdes gazis moxmarebis SesamcirebladsaWmlis damzadebis dros, radgan principSi gazis qurebi sakmaodaraefeqturia. maTi efeqturoba 55% Seadgens, rac imas niSnavs, rom isinimoixmaren warmoqmnili energiis mxolod 55%-s. maTi ranJireba sxva saojaxomowyobilobebis (macivrebis, eleqtroqurebis da sxv.) msgavsadformaluradac ki ar xdeba. amasTan erTad, tradiciuli eleqtroqurebimxolod odnav ukeTesia da mxolod 65%-iani efeqturoba aqvs. erTaderTiefeqturi qura dResdReobiT aris induqciuri qura 90%-iani efeqturobiT,magram igi imdenad ZviradRirebulia, rom mas iSviaTad yiduloben aniyeneben, miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve aTwleulebia, rac bazarzea.erTadaerTi rekomendacia dasavleTis momxmareblebisTvis aris Zveli,winaswari sanTebelas mqone (sapiloto) wvis qurebis Secvla axalipiezoeleqtruli aalebis tipis qurebiT. saqarTveloSi saerTod ar iyidebasapiloto aliani qurebi. gazqurebTan dakavSirebiT TbilisSi oriukiduresoba arsebobs – isini an Zvelia (zogjer 1960 wlamde gamoSvebuli),an Tanamedrove boSis/simensis/gorenies qurebi (an bekosa da vestelisnaklebad SeZlebuli momxmareblisTvis). umetesobas piezoeleqtruliaaleba aqvs. maTi umetesoba aRWurvilia agreTve A-klasis efeqturobismqone eleqtro qurebiT. Zveli mowyobilobebis axliT gamocvlis procesiuwyvetad mimdinareobs, rac ganpirobebulia qurebis fizikuri mdgomareobisgauaresebiT.wylis ubako (moTxovnis mixedviT) gazis gamacxeleblebiubako (moTxovnis mixedviT) gazis gamacxeleblebi momxmareblebisxSiri arCevania, Tumca isini bevrad naklebad popularulia, vidreeleqtrogamacxeleblebi (zemoT aRwerili problemebis gamo). aseTigamacxeleblebis minimaluri efeqturobis ganakveTi aSS-Si Seadgens ≥ 0.82,maSin rodesac 1 Seesabameba mowyobilobis absilutur efeqturobas. zogSemTxvevaSi mosaxleoba yidulobs aristonis maRalefeqtur models, magramaseTi tipis mowyobilobis realuri problema imaSi mdgomareobs, romarsebobs misi uamravi dabali xarisxis iafi modifikacia, romlebic iyidebakarg maRaziebSi. xSirad aseTi mowyobilobebis damontaJeba xdebaarakvalificiuri xelosnebis mier iseT adgilebSi, sadac es dauSvebeliada Sesabamisad maTi funqcionireba aradamakmayofilebelia dasicocxlisTvis saSiSi.82

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gazis gamaTboblebigaTbobis TvalsazrisiT situacia am seqtorSi ufro rTulia. yvelazenaklebad SeZlebuli momxmareblebi (savaraudod isini, vinc TveSi 300kvt.sT energiaze naklebs moixmars) ZiriTadad iyeneben patara, Ria cecxlzemomuSave gamaTboblebs. aseTi mowyobilobebi saqarTveloSi oficialuradakrZalulia, radgan Zalian saSiSia, Tumca mainc Tavisuflad iyideba, TanacZalian iafad. maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia arasruli wva da oTaxSi arsebuliJangbadis xarjva, meTanis maRali koncentracia, arasakmarisi usafrTxoebada a.S. 47TbilisSi bevri fataluri SemTxvevaa dakavSirebuli aseTi tipisgazis gamaTboblebis gamoyenebasTan, gansakuTrebiT saSiSia iranuliwarmoebis “nikala”, romelic ukve aRar iyideba, magram bevr saxlSi kidevaris SemorCenili. 48 am mowyobilobis xmarebidan amoReba gazrdis gaTbobismizniT gazis moxmarebis efeqturobas iseve, rogorc momxmareblebisusafrTxoebas, magram es sakmaod problematuria adgilobrivi gaziskompaniisTvis “yaztransgaz”.ufro SeZlebuli momxmareblebi ZiriTadad Cexuri warmoebis “karmas”iyeneben. es usafrTxo mowyobilobaa da misi efeqturoba 87%-ia, racTanamedrove standartebiT maRali maCvenebelia (aSS-s kanonmdeblobiTgazis gamaTboblebis efeqturoba minimum 78% unda iyos, Tumca zogierTimodeli 97%-iani efeqturobiTac xasiaTdeba). isini Cveulebriv montaJdebabinis erT-erT oTaxSi, xolo danarCeni oTaxebi periodulad TbebaeleqtrogamaTboblebiT, gare temperaturis mixedviT. saqarTvelos bazarzeaseTi saxis sxva markis gamaTboblebic moipoveba (mag. longvi), dapasportiT maT efeqturobis igive xarisxi aqvT gacxadebuli. aseTgamaTboblebTan dakavSirebuli mTavari problema TbilisSi binebisdaproeqtebis gamoa Seqmnili – maTi umravlesoba isea daproeqtebuli, romgazi udgeba mxolod samzareulos, radgan misi gamoyeneba adre mxolodsaWmlis dasamzadeblad da mcire zomis wylis gamacxeleblebisTvis iyosaWiro.47 garda imisa, rom janmrTelobisTvis sazianoa, meTani Zalian Zlieri saTburis gazia. 1 kg meTani 21kg naxSirbadis tolfasia.48 Raribi mosaxleobis mier gamoyenebuli gamaTboblebis umetesoba kustarula aris damzadebuli -foladis mili, romelic mierTebulia primitiul qurasTan da kedlidan xvreliT gadis gareT.83

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>am sistemiT miwodebuli gazis wneva SedarebiT naklebia, vidredResdReobiT aris saWiro erT binaSi ramdenime gazis mowyobilobiserTdroulad gamosayeneblad. Sedegad, xSiria wnevis cvalebadoba, raciwvevs arasrul wvas da yvelaze daxvewili mowyobilobebis efeqturobisvardnasac ki. marTalia, aseT SemTxvevaSi wvis produqtebi Tavad binaSi arSedis, magram atmosferoSi didi raodenobiT zedmeti naxSiroJangi dameTani gamoiyofa.aseTi gamaTboblebis usafrTxoebasa da saimedoobasTan dakavSirebiTsxva problemebic xSiria, magram isini ZiriTadad dakavSirebuliamowyobilobaTa arakvalificiuri personalis mier araswor montaJsa dagamoynebasTan.rogorc farTis eleqtrogamaTbiblebis SemTxvevaSi, aqac mTavarproblemad rCeba Tavad gamaTboblis efeqturoba da saimedooba. farTisTboizolacia, sadac montaJdeba aseTi gamaTboblebi, TiTqmis yovelTvisarasakmarisia - Zveli fanjrebi xis deformirebuli CarCoebiTa da erTmagiSeminviT, kedlebic arasakmarisi izolaciiT. Sedegad, energiis umetesinawili am defeqtebis Sevsebas xmardeba da misi realuri xarji SedarebiTmaRalia.gazis saqvabeebiTbilisSi gamoiyeneba agreTve centraluri gaTbobis saqvabeebi, Tumca,sxva mowyobilobaTa msgavsad, isinic sxvadasxva gansxvavebul jgufebadiyofa. xSiria Zveli sabWoTa warmoebis rezervuarebiani АГВ–s tipissaqvabeebi, romlebic kerZo saxlebSi idgmeboda. aseTi modelebi ZiriTadad1970 wlamdea damzadebuli. saTanado movlis SemTxvevaSi isini dRemdefunqcionireben, ra Tqma unda araefeqturad, magram Tavis funqciasasruleben. Tumca amJamindeli evropuli efeqturobis G donesac (yvelazedabali 70%-iani efeqturobis done) ki ver akmayofileben 49 . meores mxriv,maT mflobelebs, miuxedavad imisa rom ar uWirT, aranairi stimuli argaaCniaT gamocvalon es Zveli saqvabeebi axliT, sanam Tavis funqciasasruleben, radgan axali Tanamedrove sistemis damontaJeba sakmaod Zviria.aseTi situacia, ra Tqma unda, moiTxovs mTavrobis mier dafinansebulsqemas.49 maqsimaluri - A- 90% da zemoT.84

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>axalaSenebul saxlebSi ZiriTadad mosaxleobis SeZlebuli nawilicxovrobs da umeteswilad, rogorc cxel wyals, ise gaTbobas Tanamedroveefeqturi saqvabeebis saSualebiT iReben. saqarTvelos bazarzewarmodgenili saukeTeso sistemebia: “buderusi”, “lamborgini” da“aristoni”, romelTa oficialuri efqturoba 95%, zogjer 98%-ia, racdResisaTvis yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia yvelgan. arsebobs agreTve ufrodabali xarisxis Tanamedrove Turquli warmoebis saqvebe sistemebi, mag.“vesteli”, romlic, agreTve, A klasis efeqturobiT xasiaTdeba. aq kvlavproblemad rCeba is, rom binebis umravlesobaSi, sadac aseTi efeqturigaTbobis sistemebi montaJdeba, kedlebis Tboizolaciis done verakmayofilebs minimalur standartebs. amitom, xSirad, gaTboba yvelazeZviradRirebul saxlebSic ki, kedlebis datenianebas iwvevs.2.2.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli biznesis gziT (BAU)<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari sayofacxovrebo seqtorisaTvismeTodologiaLEAP (<strong>energetikis</strong> grZelvadiani alternatiuli da<strong>gegma</strong>rebis sistema)gamoyenebul iqna sayofacxovrebo seqtoris BEI da BAU scenarebisTvis. LEAPdetaluri aRwera mocemulia transportis seqtoris sabazisoinventarizaciaSi (gv. 22).Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris struqtura (arsebuli mdgomareoba)LEAP aris aRmavali, energiaze moTxovniT ganpirobebuli modeli.rogorc ukve aRiniSna, LEAP –is moqniloba saSualebas iZlevaSeviswavloT mxolod moTxovnis seqtori da masSi Semavalisayofacxovrebo qveseqtori. am seqtoris struqturis ageba LEAP –Sisakmaod moqnilia. nebismieri energetikuli seqtoris modelis SeqmnisprocesSi pirveli nabiji sistemis struqturis SemuSavebaa, sadac sistemismdgomareobis Sesaxeb sawyisi informacia Sedis dasamuSaveblad. Semdegxdeba <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>a da emisiis Semcirebis sxvadasxva scenarebismodelireba da Sedareba. Tbilisis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris struqtura2009 wlis statistikur monacembes eyrdnoba da Semdegi saxe aqvs:85

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sacxovrebeli saxlebi:Tbilisis mosaxleoba 1.152 milionia, erT ojaxSi daaxloebiT 3.6 kacia,sul TbilisSi 320,000 ojaxia.TbilisSi yvela bina mierTebulia eleqtromomaragebis sistemasTan daiyenebs mas ganTebisa da sxva miznebisaTvis.erTi ojaxis saSualo wliuri moxmareba ganaTebis mizniT 822.97 kvt.sTSeadgens.sxva mowyobilobebze, rogoricaa video mowyobilobebi, televizorebi damacivrebi erTi ojaxi weliwadSi moixmars 750.65 kvt.sT. energias.haeris kondicionerebis energomoxmareba erT ojaxze 256.5 kvt.sT-ia,mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 26% iyenebs haeris kondicioners.Tbilisis binebis 7.6% eleqtroenergias gaTbobisTvis iyenebs, danarCeniki - gaTbobas bunebrivi gazis mowyobilobebiT axdens.energiis wliuri moTxovna erTi binis gasaTbobad Seadgens 3665.3kvt.sT. eleqtrogamaTboblebis efeqturoba axlosaa 97%-Tan da wliuradisini moixmaren 3770.09 kvt.sT eleqtroenergias erT ojaxze. bunebrivi gazisgamaTboblebis efeqturoba 87%-ia da isini wliurad moixmaren 4203.43 kvt.sTeleqtroenergias.Tbilisis binebis 29.6% iyenebs eleqtroenergias wylis gasacxelelad,danarCeni mosaxleoba ki am mizniT bunebriv gazs moixmars.wylis gasacxelelad energiaze wliuri moTxovna 1782 kvt.sT Seadgens.eleqtrogamaTboblebis efeqturoba 92%-ia da maTi xarji 1937.84 kvt.sT-iaerT ojaxze. bunebrivi gazze momuSave wylis gamacxeleblebis efeqturoba88%-ia da isini 2025.92 kvt.sT gazs moixmaren weliwadSi.Tbilisis ojaxebi saWmlis mosamzadeblad gazqurebs iyeneben. maTiwliuri moxmareba 725.22 kvt.sT Seadgens.86

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>municipaluri Senobebi:municipalur SenobebSi energo moxmareba mocemulia cxrilSi 2.10.welicxrili 2.10. municipalur SenobebSi eleqtroenergiisa da gazis moxmarebisganaxlebuli monacemebidaSvebebi eleqtroenergiisa da gazis moxmarebaze municipalur SenobebSi.gazieleqtroenergiismoxmareba, kvt.sTmunicipalur SenobebSi gazis saerTo moxmarebis daaxloebiT 16%modis saWmlis momzadebaze (sabavSvo baRebi Seadgens yvela municipaluriSenobebis TiTqmis 47%), 15% moixmars wylis gasacxeleblad da 69%gamoiyeneba gasaTbobad.sabavSvo baRebis Senobebis daaxloebiT 30% garemontda da maTSidamontaJda centraluri gaTbobis Tanamedrove sistemebi saqvabeebiT.sabavSvo baRebis umetei nawili farTis gasaTbobad xmarobs gazisgamaTboblebs, ZiriTadad “karmas” tipisas. zog SemTxvevaSi am tipisgamaTboblebi ar aris damontaJebuli mTel SenobebSi da misi calkeulinawilebis gasaTbobad gamoiyeneba eleqtro gamaTboblebi.eleqtroenergiis moxmarebabunebrivi gazismoxmareba, m 3bunebrivi gazismoxmareba, kvt.sTeleqtroenergiis moxmareba daiyofa sxvadasxva saboloomomxmareblebs Soris Semdegnairad: ganaTeba – 23% sacxobi eleqtroqurebi (sabavSvo baRebSi) – 7% wylis eleqtrogamacxeleblebi – 16% eleqtrogamaTboblebi – 14% haeris kondicionerebi – 3% sxva eleqtromowyobilobebi – 37%mTlianimoxmarebakvt.sT2009 12 774 002.65 1 179 023.222 11 200 721 23 974 72487

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sabaziso scenari:winamdebare angariSi aRwers qalaqis sayofacxovrebo seqtoris sawyismdgomareobas, emisiis Semcirebis raime RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisdawyebamde. seqtoris an qveseqtoris struqturis Seqmnis dros ZalzemniSvnelovania winaswar iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli mosalodneli cvlilebebienergiis moxmarebisa da moTxovnis mxriv. sabaziso scenari gviCvenebssawyisi mdgomareobis SesaZlo <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> variantebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuar ganxorcieldeba raime axali energetikuli programa. sabaziso scenarsCveulebriv BAU scenars eZaxian, radgan igi aCvenebs situaciis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>SesaZleblobas municipaluri energetikuli programis ararsebobisSemTxvevaSi.sayofacxovrebo seqtoris mier energiis moTxovnisa da moxmarebismamoZravebeli parametrebia mosaxleobis zrda, qveynis mSp-s zrda da mSp-szrda erT sul mosaxleze. qalaq Tbilisis mosaxleobis wliuri zrda 1.1%-ia. saqarTveloSi mSp gaizrdeba Semdegi ganakveTebiT 50 :cxrili 2.11 mSp-s zrdis ganakveTebi BAU scenarisTvisscenaris wlebi 2010 2011 2012-2020mSp-s zrda 6.4% 5.5% 4.75%saqarTvelos mosaxleoba gaizrdeba 0.5%-iT.sayofacxovrebo Senobebis qveseqtori:gaTbobis mizniT energiis moTxovnis zrda gaTvaliswinebulia 0.3 51elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi daefeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe Sesabamisad gaizrdeba energiismoxmarebac.elasturoba aris fardoba, raime cvladis zrdis procentisa meorecvladis zrdis procentTan. am SemTxvevaSi (transportis seqtorisTvis) esaris mobilurobis (mgzavrobis intensiurobis) zrdis procentis Sefardeba50 wyaro: saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, msoflio ekonomikis prognosis monacemTa baza.51 yvela elastiuroba aRebulia saqarTvelos erovnuli <strong>energetikis</strong> seqtoris MARKAL modelidan. USAID-HellenicAid SYNENERGY programa – saqarTvelos <strong>energetikis</strong> seqtoris startegiuli <strong>gegma</strong>88

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mTliani Sida produqtis zrdus procentTan. Tu elastiuroba 0-ia, esniSnavs rom mgzvarobis intensiuroba (da Sesabamisad energiaze moTxovna)ar izrdeba miuxedavad mSp-s zrdisa, Tu erTia, niSnavs rom mgzavrobisintensiuroba (energiaze moTxovna) iseTive procentiT izrdeba, rogorc mSpda Tu erTze metia e.i. ufro swrafad izrdeba vidre mSp.wylis gacxelebis mizniT energiis moTxovnis zrdagaTvaliswinebulia 1 elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTanmimarTebaSi da efeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe Sesabamisadgaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac.energiis moTxovna ganaTebis mizniT gaizrdeba 0.4 elastiurobiT erTsul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi da Sesabamisad gaizrdebaenergiis moxmarebac efeqturobis 20%-iT zrdasTan erTad.energiis moTxovna eleqtromowyobilobebis moxmarebis mizniTgaizrdeba 0.5 elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTanmimarTebaSi da Sesabamisad gaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac efeqturobis 10%-iT zrdasTan erTad.haeris kondicionerebis raodenoba gaizrdeba 4%-iT weliwadSi.agreTve, gaizrdeba am mizniT energiis moTxovna 1 elastiurobiT erT sulmosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi da Sesabamisad gaizrdeba energiismoxmarebac efeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe.saWmlis mosamzadeblad energiis moTxovna gaizrdeba 0.1elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi daSesabamisad gaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac efeqturobis zrdisRonisZiebebis gareSe.municipaluri Senobebis qve-seqtori:gaTbobis mizniT energiis moTxovnis zrda gaTvaliswinebulia 0.6elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi daefeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe Sesabamisad gaizrdeba energiismoxmarebac.wylis gacxelebis mizniT energiis moTxovnis zrdagaTvaliswinebulia 0.4 elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTanmimarTebaSi da efeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe Sesabamisadgaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac.89

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>energiis moTxovna ganaTebis mizniT gaizrdeba 0.5 elastiurobiT erTsul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi da Sesabamisad gaizrdebaenergiis moxmarebac efeqturobis 10%-iT zrdasTan erTad.energiis moTxovna eleqtromowyobilobebis moxmarebis mizniTgaizrdeba 0.8 elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTanmimarTebaSi da Sesabamisad gaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac efeqturobis 5%-iT zrdasTan erTad.sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi energiis moTxovnis zrdagaTvaliswinebulia 1 elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTanmimarTebaSi da efeqturobis zrdis RonisZiebebis gareSe Sesabamisadgaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac.saWmlis mosamzadeblad energiis moTxovna gaizrdeba 0.8elastiurobiT erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s zrdasTan mimarTebaSi daSesabamisad gaizrdeba energiis moxmarebac efeqturobis zrdisRonisZiebebis gareSe.sabaziso donis inventarizaciis Sedegebi2009 wels sawvavis moxmareba sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi mocemuliacxrilSi 2.12.cxrili 2.12. energiis saboloo moxmareba (aTasi megavat saaTi) – 2009eleqtroenergia bunebrivi gazi sulsayofacxovrebo Senobebi 798.04 1933.92 2731.96municipaluri Senobebi 12.774 11.200 23.9742009 wels saTburis gazebis emisiam ojaxebidan Seadgina CO 2 -iseqvivalentSi 715.864 aTasi tona.cxrili 2.13. CO2 eqvivalenturi emisia (aTasi tona) – 2009eleqtroenergia bunebrivi gazi sulsayofacxovrebo Senobebi 319.17 389.33 708.49municipaluri Senobebi 5.109 2.255 7.36490

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Sedegebi – sabaziso scenarisabaziso scenaris mixedviT, momavalSi energiis moxmarebasayofacxovrebo da municipaluri seqtorebis mier gaizrdeba:cxrili 2.14. energiis saboloo moxmareba (aTasi megavat sT) – 2020eleqtroenergiabunebrivi gazi sulsacxovrebeli Senobebi 1029.84 2485.67 3515.51municipaluri Senobebi 17.838 15.463 33.301nax. 28. energiis moxmarebis BAU scenari (2020 wlamde) sayofacxovreboseqtorisTvis91

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax. 29. energiis moxmarebis BAU scenari (2020 wlamde) municipaluri SenobebisseqtorisTvisSemdeg naxazze naCvenebia saTburis gazebis emisiiebi Tbilisis Senobebis<strong>energetikis</strong> seqtoridan BAU scenariT.cxrili 2.15 - CO2 eqvivalenturi emisia (aTasi tona) – 2020eleqtroenergia bunebrivi gazi sulsayofacxovrebo Senobebi 438.450 548.955 987.405municipaluri Senobebi 7.134 3.114 10.24892

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax. 30. saTburis gazebis emisiebis trendi sayofacxovrebo seqtoridan BAUscenariTnax. 31. saTburis gazebis emisiebis trendi municipaluri Senobebis seqtoridanBAU scenariT93

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2.3. qalaqis Senobebidan saTburis gazebis emisiis SemcirebisstrategiamTavari koncefcia, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos SenobebTanmimarTebaSi, moicavs Senobebis optimizacias energiis moxmarebis xarjebisada miwodebis xelmisawvdomobis mxriv. Tbilisis Senobebi aSenebulia“sabWoTa midgomiT”, romelic gamoxatulia maT proeqtsa da energiismiwodebaSi. sabWoTa periodSi energia iafi iyo da misi efqturoba naklebadaqtualuri, iseve rogorc saTburis gazebis emisiis tendenciebi arwarmoadgenda globaluri interesis Temas.Tbilisis Senobebis qveseqtoris analizis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rommasSi arsebobs energiis moxmarebis Semcirebis didi potenciali.Sesabamisad, Senobebidan emisiis donis Semcireba Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong><strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis mizani unda iyos.Tbilisis Senobebis qveseqtoris <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> zogadi strategiamiznad isaxavs saTburis gazebis Semcirebas energoresursebis <strong>mdgradi</strong>gamoyenebiTa da saerTo energomoxmarebis Semcirebis gziT.am miznis dasaxva emyareba Semdeg mosazrebebs:Senobebis umetesoba sabWoTa periodSia agebuli, Sesabamisad, maTiSemzRudavi karkasis Tboizolaciis done energoefqturobaze gaTvlili ariyo. amdenad, zamTarSi maTi Tbodanakargic maRali iyo. gaTbobis sistemebidaproeqtebuli iyo siTbos mudmivi miwodebisTvis wyliT gaTbobisraionuli sistemebidan. aseTi sistemebis funqcionireba Sewydadamoukideblobis miRebis Semdeg. garda amisa, SemdgomSi mosaxleobamsaerTod daSala isini. amasTan erTad, wlebis manZilze ar xdebodasaxlebis SekeTeba an ganaxleba, rasac moyva Senobebis SemzRudavikarkasebis Semdgomi amortizacia, gansakuTrebiT fanjrebisa. maTi mxolodmcire raodenoba Seicvala metalo-plastmasis fanjrebiT. SenobaTaZiriTadi nawili saWiroebs ganaxlebas an saTanadod Tboizolirebas, raTaSemcirdes energiis moxmareba da Sesabamisad emisiac, da uzrunvelyofiliiyos komfortuli cxovrebis pirobebi. radgan Senobebis eqspluataciisperiodi SedarebiT grZlevadiania, sacxovrebeli korpusebis saremontosamuSaoebis ganxorcieleba saWiroa 30 an 40 weliwadSi erTxel. rac Seexebakomerciul Senobebs, maTi ganaxlebis samuSaoebi SeiZleba ufro xSiradCatardes, radgan komerciuli Senobebis funqciac xSirad icvleba.saremonto samuSaoebis ganxorcielebiT SeiZleba energoefqturobis94

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>xarisxis amaRlebac. es aucilebeli RonisZiebaa, radgan SenobaTa da maTikomunikaciebis umravlesoba gacveTilia da Secvlas moiTxovs. Aucilebladunda gaviTvaliswinoT am SenobebSi cxovrebis stilis faqtori dakomfortis moTxovnebi, rac Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi swrafad icvleba.axladaSenebuli saxlebis didi nawili, agreTve, ver akmayofilebs SenobaTaSemzRudavi karkasis TbodacviTi donis minimalur standartebs. amas ematebais faqtoric, rom ar arsebobs mTavrobis raime oficialuri strategia,romelic miznad isaxavdes am negatiuri tendenciebis Sesustebas da/anmosaxleobisa da biznesisTvis xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnas SenobebisTbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebis gasaumjobeseblad.merebis SeTanxmebis iniciativis farglebSi Tbilisis meriam SearCia87 obieqti, romlebzec danergili iqneba Senobis garsis struqturulielementebis energoefeqturobis standartebi. am standartebis mixedviTCatardeba municipaluri Senobebis remonti da modernizacia. isinigaTvaliswinebuli iqneba agreTve axali sacxovrebeli Senobebismunicipalur proeqtebSi.1. <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis RonisZiebebi unda iTvaliswinebndes SenobebisTboizolaciis gaumjobesebas.ar arsebobs saxelmwifo midgoma gaTbobis sistemebis sakiTxisgadasawyvetad. mosaxleoba irCevs gaTbobis sistemas misTvis xelmiswvdomimodelis mixedviT. ramdenadac ar arsebobs wyliT gaTbobis raionulisaqvabe sistemebi, mosaxleoba ZiriTadad gadavida bunebrivi gazisgamaTboblebze, mcire nawili ki eleqtrogamaTboblebze, radgan maTimoxmareba ufro Zviri jdeba. farTobis wyliT gaTbobis sistemebi, romelicdid investicias moiTxovs, farTod gavrcelebuli ar aris. bunebrivi gazismiwodebis arsebuli sistemebi binebSi daproeqtebulia rogorc Sida,dabali wnevis mqone sistemebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo mxolodsamzareulosa da iSviaTad wylis gacxelebis miznebisTvis. amitom,centraluri gaTbobisa da cxeli wylis sistemebis ararsebobis pirobebSi,mTeli datvirTva gazis milebze gadavida, rasac isini ver uZleben daxSiria Seferxebebi gazis miwodebaSi, sistemaSi arsebuli wneva ar iZlevaerTdroulad gaTbobisa da cxeli wylis miwodebis saTanadod operirebissaSualebas da iwvevs mowyobilobebis efeqturobis vardnas, gazis arasrulwvas, da CO2 –is da CO-s emisiis zrdas. farTo sazogadoebas, (gansakuTrebiTmis uRaribes nawils) ar gaaCnia informacia am problemebis Sesaxeb da igi95

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>iqceva mxolod misi yofiTi saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, rac Zalzearaefeqturi da saziano midgomaa.2. <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis RonisZiebebi miznad unda isaxavdes gaTbobis sistemebisenergoefeqfturobisa da usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis Sesrulebas.Tbilisis mosaxleobis mxolod umniSvnelo nawili iyenebsganaTebisTvis Tanamedrove energoefeqtur naTurebs. momxmarebelebi(mosaxleobac da biznesic) ZiriTadad ar arian saTanadod informirebulienergoefeqturi mowyobilobebis upiratesobebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, ZvelinaTurebis axlebiT gamocvla erTjeradad dakavSirebulia garkveulxarjebTan, Tumca yvela sxva xelmisawvdom RonisZiebaze metad sworedvarvara naTurebis fluorescentuli naTurebiT Secvla iwvevsenergoefeqturobis mniSvnelovan zrdas da energiis moxmarebis Semcirebas.3. <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis RonisZiebebSigaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos varvara naTurebis fluorescentulinaTurebiT Secvla.municipaluri Senobebi warmoadgenen energiis momxmarebelTaspecifikur jgufs, romelic calke unda ganvixiloT, radgan maTgansakuTrebuli socialuri Rirebuleba gaaCniaT da mudmivadsazogadoebis, politikuri da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis yuradRebiscentrSi imyofebian. Sesabamisad, unda ganxorcieldes specialurisapiloto proeqti, romelic moaxdens “energiis moxmarebis Semcirebis”mimarT municipalitetis damokidebulebisa da am sferoSi misi saqmianobisefeqturobis demonstrirebas.4. <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> unda iTvaliswinebdesmunicipaluri SenobebisTvis sapiloto “dabali energomoxmarebis Senobis”sademonstracio proeqtis ganxorcielebas.rogorc energiis moxmareba, ise CO2-is emisia SeiZleba SemcirdesmSeneblobis seqtorSi ganaxlebadi energiis adgilobrivi wyaroebisgamoyenebiT. Tbiliss ganaxlebadi energoresursebis aTvisebis didipotenciali gaaCnia.5. <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> miznad unda isaxavdes“ganaxlebadi energiis resursebis” gamoyenebas TbomomaragebaSi.zemoT aRwerili RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba unda moxdes SEAPprogramis farglebSi da municipalitetis Semdeg saqmianobaTa safuZvelze: xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmna96

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>SesaZleblobebiT uzrunvelyofasademonstracio magaliTebis SerCevamoqalaqeTa mxardaWeris mopovebamoqalaqeebis uSualo monawileobis uzrunvelyofa am RonisZiebaTaganxorcielebaSimonawile mxareebis mxardaWeris mopoveba da maTi CarTva <strong>samoqmedo</strong>gegmis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebaSi97

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2.4. Senobebidan emisiis Semcirebis <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>seqtorebi dasaqmianobissferoZiriTadi RonisZiebebisaqmianobis sferoebSipasuxismgebelidepartamenti,piri an kompania[im SemTxvevaSiTu CarTuliamesame mxare]ganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]TiToeuliRonisZiebisRirebuleba[larSi]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodnelienergodanazogi [mgvt.sT/w]RonisZiebidanmosalodneliganaxlebadienergiismiReba[mgvt.sT/w]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneliCO2–isSemcireba[t/w]Senobebi 183353municipaluriSenobebi (MB)CO2–is SemcirebiswinaswardasaxuliraodenobrivimaCvenebeliseqtorSi2020 wlisTvis [t]saqmianoba MB1farTobis gaTbobissistemebis damontaJebamunicipalur SenobebSiTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento1 780 000 1055 6305.3 1482.9MB 1.1bunebriv airze momuSaveadgilobrivi saqvebeebiTaRWurvili gaTbobissistemebi2012-2015 1 130 000 1055 209.6MB 1..2gadamuSavebulibionarCebnebisbriketebis warmoeba dagamoyeneba municipalurSenobebSi (sapilotoproeqti) adgilobrivigaTbobis sistemebSi2014-2018 650 000 6305.3 1273.3saqmianoba MB 2municipalur SenobebSiefeqturi ganaTebissistemebis damontaJebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento41760 1147.5 447.998

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>MB 2.1ganaTebis sistemafluorescentulinaTurebiT2012-2015 41760 1147.5 447.9saqmianoba MB 3municipaluri SenobebisganaxlebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento1 925 293 3642.95 753.8MB 3.1Senobis gare karkasisTboizolacia/energopasportisSemuSaveba2014-2020 1 744 000 3277 661.7MB 3.2mcire enrgomoxmarebisSenoba/sapiloto proeqti2015-2016 181 293 365.95 92.1saqmianoba MB 4ganaxlebadienergoresursebisgamoyeneba cxeli wylismiwodebis mizniTTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento117000 189 37.8MB 4.1mzis energiiskoleqtorebis gamoyenebasportul skolebSi2015-2020 65 000 105 21MB 4.2mzis energiiskoleqtorebis gamoyenebasaavadmyofoebSi2016-2020 52 000 84 16.8saqmianoba MB 5ganaTleba/informireba/sazogadoebiscnobierebis donisamaRlebis kampaniebiTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento2012-2020 70125 1287 26099

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianoba MB 6municipalur SenobebSienergetikulimenejmetisa damonitoringis programisganxorcielebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento500 000 1850MB 6.1energomoxmarebiskontroli, qcevisnormebis SemuSavebaMB 6.2municipaluri Senobebisenergetikul monacemTabazis SeqmnaMB 6.3energoefeqturobisindikatorebis dadgenasareabilitaciosamuSaoebis saxelmwifoSesyidvebisTvisaucilebeli satenderodokumnetaciismosamzadebladsacxocvrebeliSenobebi (RB)saqmianoba RB 1sacxovrebel SenobebSicentaluri gaTbobissistemebis damontaJebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento7 696 000 57200.7 11506.37RB 1.1geoTermuli wylebisgamoyeneba gaTbobisa dacxelwyalmomaragebisTvissapilotoproeqti2013-2015 6 896 000 50895.4 10280.87100

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>RB 1..2biologiuri narCenebisbriketebis gamoyenebacentraluri gaTbobissistemembSi/sapilotoproeqti2015-2020 800 000 6305.3 1225.5saqmianoba RB 2efeqturi ganaTebissistemebis damontaJebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento1 000 000 29410 11730RB 2.1sacxovrebeli SenobebissaerTo farTobebSifluorescentulinaTurebis dayeneba2012-2018 1.000. 000 29.410 11730saqmianoba RB 3sacxovrebeli SenobebisganaxlebaTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento262829520 698381 141659.6RB 3.1saerTo sargeblobisfarTebis daTbuneba/Tbodanakargebisminimizacia2012-2018 31 749 600 109722 22161.6RB 3.2saxuravebisTboizolacia2014-2020 79137000 216270 44037RB 3.3sacxovrebeli Senobebisgare karkasisTboizolacia2015-2020 150 000 000 367983 74330RB 3.4Semcirebulienergomoxmarebissaxli/sapiloto proeqti 2014-20181 942 9204397 1131101

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianoba RB 4ganaxlebadi energiiswyaroebis gamoyenebacxelwyalmomaragebismizniTTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento650 000 1050 210RB 4.1mzis koleqtoriebisdayeneba cxelicxelwyalmomaragebismizniT2013-2016 650 000 1050 210(sapiloto proeqti)saqmianoba RB 5sazogadoebiscnobierebis amaRleba/sainformacio kampaniebiTbilisis meriisekonomikuripolitikissaagento60 000 90332 18247RB 5.1treningis mowyobaSenobebSienergoefeqturobissakiTxebis Sesaxebsxvadasxva miznobrivijgufebisTvisRB 5.2mas-media daenergoefqturobissainformacio kampaniasul 825255.5 64745 188185.4102

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2.5. qmedebebis aRwera.saqmianoba MB 1 – farTobis gamaTbobeli sistemebis damontaJebamunicipalur SenobebSi (MB)MB 1.1 – gaTbobis sistemebi adgolobrivi saqvebeebiT, romlebic muSaobenbunebriv gazze.amJamad, municipaluri Senobebis nawili garemontebulia. zogierTmaTganSi damontaJebulia wyalze momuSave centraluri gaTbobissistemebi, magram danarCen municipalur SenobebSi ar aris centralurigaTbobis sistemebi. SenobebSi, rogricaa sabavSvo baRebi, umetesadgavrcelebulia “karmas” tipis gamaTboblebiT an eleqtro radiatorebiTgaTboba. zogan gazis individualuri gamaTboblebi mxolod saerTooTaxebSia damontaJebuli, mag. sabavSvo baRi, romelic mdebareobsgldani-naZaladevis raionSi. am sabavSvo baRSi “karmebi” dgas mxolodsaTamaSo oTaxebSi da energomoxmareba baRis Senobis sabazisomoTxovnaze dabalia.Tavad municipaliteti <strong>gegma</strong>vs yvela darCenili municipaluriSenobis SekeTebas. Sesabamisad, es RonisZieba srul TanxvedraSiamunicipalitetis gegmebTan. unda aRiniSnos, rom misi ganxorcielebaSenobebSi gazrdis usafrTxoebis standartebs, gansakuTrebiT, sabavSvobaRebSi.RonisZieba iTvaliswinebs centraluri gaTbobis sistemebisdamontaJebas municipalur SenobebSi, sadac jer ar aris TanamedrovegaTbobis sistemebi. rekomendebulia myar sawvavze momuSave saqvabeebisdamontaJeba. es uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva saxis sawvavis gamoyenebisSesaZleblobas, magaliTad, bunebrivi gazisas, an bionarCenebis paletebis(briketebis). unda aRiniSnos, rom efeqtur saqvabeebze momuSave gaTbobissistemebi garda imisa, rom gaaumjobeseben pirobebs SenobaSi, didwvlils Seitanen CO2-s emisiis SemcirebaSi, radgan aseTi sistemebisefeqturoba “karmas” tipis gamaTboblebis efeqturobaze (85-87%) ufromaRalia. gamoTvlebSi gamoiyeneba 85% efeqturobis maCvenebeli, radganunda vivaraudoT, rom gamaTboblis energoefeqturobaze gavlenas axdensgamanawilebel qselSi gazis wnevis cvalebadoba. Tanamedrove gazissaqvabeebis energoefeqturobis done ufro maRalia, amitom am SemTxvevaSigamoTvlebSi gamoviyenebT 90%-ian efeqturobas gamomdinare igive103

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>varaudidan, rom pikis saaTebSi gazis wnevis cvalebadoba mainc amcirebssistemis efeqturobas.sxva RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis gareSe, mxolod gaTbobissistemis damontaJebis Sedegad (1 kv.m-ze) energodanazogi erTi (sanimuSo)SenobisTvis, sadac iqneba centraluri gaTbobis sistema damakondensirebeli saqvabe, gaTbobis sezonis ganmavlobaSi Seadgens 21kvt.sT/m 2 . 52 danazogi energiis raodenoba erTi SenobisTvisgansazRvrulia, rogorc 52,750 kvt.sT/w. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gazissiTburi koeficienti aris daxloebiT 33675 KJ/Nm 3 an 9.36 kWh/Nm 3 ,bunebrivi gazis danazogi iqneba: 52750/9.36=5636 m 3 . fuladigamosaxulebiT es Seadgens: 5636x0.51=2874 lari. CO 2 -is emisiis SemcirebaerTi municipaluri Senobididan, romlis mTliani gasaTbobi farTobia2495 m 2 iqneba 10.48 t/w.saqvabiani centraluri gaTbobis sistemis damontaJebisTvis saWiromTliani investicia 2495 m 2 gasaTbobi farTis mqone SenobisTvis 46,000lars Seadgens. 53 individualuri “karmas” tipis gamaTboblebisdamontaJebisTvis saWiro investicia 45,000 laria. centraluri gaTbobissistemis Sesyidvisa da damontaJebis mTliani xarji 56,500 laria, “karmas”tipis gaTbobisTvis – 51,000 lari. am or variants Soris sxvaoba Seadgens5500 lars:es RonisZieba unda ganxorcieldes upirvelesad im municipalurSenobebSi, sadac individualuri gazis gamaTboblebi jer ar arisdamontaJebuli. qvemoT mocemul gaTvlebSi naCvenebia am RonisZiebismomgebianoba.52 Sefaseba momzadda kompiuteruli programis “ZiriTadi monacemebis” gamoyenebiT53 gamoyenebuli monacemebi miRebulia sabavSvo baRis sanumuSo Senobis geometriulizomebisTvis.104

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.17.RonisZiebacentralrigaTbobissistema(F=2495m 2 )sainvesticioRirebulebissxvaobaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba5500 lari 2.1 47% 1.87 10.48t/weliPB – ukugebis periodi; IRR – Sida ukugebis ganakveTi; NPVQ - wminda amJamindeliRirebulebis koeficientisul mcire 20 minicipalur SenobaSi mosalodnelia Tanamedrovecentraluri gaTbobis sistemis damontaJeba.MB 1.2 – monicipalur Senobebsa da sapiloto proeqtSi biologiurinarCenebis briketebis gamoyeneba adgilobrivi gaTbobis sistemaSi.biologiuri narCenebis briketebi (paletebi) municipalur SenobebSigamoiyeneba sawvavad bunebrivi gazis nacvlad. unda daiwyos sapilotoproeqti, raTa gansazRvrul iqnas am RonisZiebis yvela aspeqti.biologiuri narCenebis paletebi naxSirbadisgan Tavisufali sawvavia,romelic 2020 wlis dagegmili emisiis 20%-iani Semcirebis saSualebasiZleva.erTi tona biologiuri narCenebis paletebis fasi bazarze 500laria. misi siTburi koeficienti 160000 KJ/kg-s Seadgens, rac niSnavs, rom1 kg paletis wvis procesSi gamoiyofa 4.44 kvt/sT energia. am gziTmiRebuli 1kvt.sT energiis fasi Seadgens 0.1126 lari/kvt.sT.1000 m 3 bunebrivi gazis fasi momxmarebelTa sxvadasxva jgufebisa dasaxelmwifo SenobebisTvis aris saSualod 0.75 lari/m 3 , rac niSnavs, rom1000 m 3 gazis fasi 750 laria da misi siTburi koeficienti Seadgens 33675KJ/Nm 3 . 1 m 3 bunebrivi gazis wvis procesSi gamoiyofa 9.36 kvt.sT energia.amdenad, bunebrivi gazis wvis Sedegad miRebuli 1 kvt.sT energiis fasi0.08 lari/kvt.sT iqneba. fasebis SedarebiT miiReba, rom bionarCenebispaletebi bunebriv gazze Zviria.105

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sanimuSo Senobis gaTbobisTvis saWiro mTliani energiis raodenobasawvavad bunebrivi bazis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, iqneba daaxloebiT630.33 mvt.sT/w 54 an 630.33/9.36=67344m 3 bunebrivi gazi.rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, bionarCenebi naxSirbaadisgan Tavisufalisawvavia, amitom am sawvavze gadasvla amcirebs CO2 emisias630.33x0.202=127.33 toniT weliwadSi (erTi Senobaze, romlis saerTogasaTbobi farTobia F=2495m 2 ).mosalodnelia, rom sapiloto proeqtis ganxorcielebis SedegebiSeiZleba gavrcelebul iqnas minimum aT municipalur Senobaze, rismizanic bunebrivi gazidan biosawvavze gadasvlaa.saqmianoba MB 2 –municipalur SenobebSi energoefeqturi ganaTebissistemebis damontaJebaMB 2.1 – ganaTebis sistema fluorescentuli naTurebiTam saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli energiis danazogis potencialisSesafaseblad gamoyenebul iqna igive monacemebi, rac municipaluriSenobebisTvis ganxiluli wina RonisZiebis dros.energiis dazogvis potencialis gansazRvra moxda varvaranaTurebiani ganaTebis sistemis fluorescultul ganaTebasTan Sedarebisanalizis gziT.gamoTvlebi Catarda Semdegi mosazrebebis safuZvelze:Senobis gasaTbobi farTi 2495 m 2varvara naTurebi moixmaren 8 vt/m 2 energiasfluorescentuli naTurebi - 2 vt/m 2 energias SenobaSi naTurebi CarTulia kviraSi daaxloebiT 49 saaTisganmavlobaSi.sabaziso energomoxmareba varvara naTurebisTvis Seadgens 50998kvtsT/w, xolo fluorescentuli naTurebisTvsis - 12748 kvt.sT/w. 5554 Sedegebi mopovebulia “kompiuteruli programis “ZiriTadi monacemebis” gamoyenebiT55 Sedegebi mopovebulia “kompiuteruli programis “ZiriTadi monacemebis” gamoyenebiT106

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sanimuSo Senobis energodanazogi iqneba - 38250 kvtsT/w, rac fuladgamoxatulebaSi 38250x0.16=6120 laria.fluorescentuli naTurebisTvis saWiro investicia 1392 laria (6lari 1 naTura). am RonisZiebis ekonomikuri momgebianobis analizisSedegebi qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia warmodgenili. CO2-is emisiisSemcireba Seadgens 14.93 t/w.cxrili 2.18.RonisZiebaganaTebis sistemafluorescentulinaTurebiT(F=2495m 2 )sainvesticioRirebulebaukugeba SidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba1392 lari 0.2 409% 6.34 14.93 t/wfluorescentuli ganaTebis damontaJeba dagegmilia sul mcire 30municipalur SenobaSisaqmianoba MB3 – municipaluri Semonebebis ganaxlebaMB 3.1 – Senobis gare karkasis Tboizolacia da energopasportisSemuSaveba.radgan Senobebis eqspluataciis periodi grZelvadiania – 50 dan 100wlamde da zogjer metic, am periodSi aucileblad unda Catardes maTikapitaluri remonti, radgan iseTi nawilebi, rogoricaa saxuravi dafanjrebi, saWiroebs gamocvlas.cnobilia, rom Senoba da misi gaTbobis sistema erTi mTlianirgolia. karkasis ganaxleba Seamcirebs Senobis gaTbobis sistemisdatvirTvas. es RonisZieba miznad isaxavs mTliani SemzRudavi karkasisTboizolaciis Sefasebas. gamoTvlebSi kedlebis winaRobiskoeficientisTvis aRebul iqna mniSvneloba: R=1.9 m 20 C/vt, ormagi SeminvisfanjrebisTvis R=2.5 m 20 C/vt, da saxuravisTvis R=3.9 m 20 C/vt.am RonisZiebis Sedegad miRebuli energiis danazogi gamoTvliliqna energopasportis kompiuteruli programiT da Seadgens 327700kvt.sT/w. es niSnavs, rom SenobaSi igive komfortuli pirobebi iqneba107

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>SenarCunebuli, magram gaTbobis sistema 327700 kvt. saaTiT naklebenergias moixmars welawadSi. sawvavad bunebrivi gazis gamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi danazogi iqneba 327700/9.36=35010 m 3 .fuladi gamoxatulebiTamas Seesabameba, 35010x0.75=26257 lari. RonisZiebis sainvesticioRirebulebaa 174,400 lari, xolo CO2 -is emisiis Semcireba - 66.17t/weliwadSi.am RonisZiebis ekonomikuri momgebianobis Sefaseba ekonomikuriENSI kompiuteruli programis saSualebiT iqna gamoTvlili. Sedegebimocemulia cxrilSi qvemoT:cxrili 2.19.RonisZiebaSenobisSemzRudavikarkasisTboizolacia(F=2495m 2 )sainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba174 400 lari 6.6 14% 0.24 66.17 t/wCveni molodiniT 2015 wlidan unda moxdes sul mcire 10municipaluri Senobis gare zedapiris TbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebisgaumjobeseba. unda momzaddes maTi energopasportebi, raTa TvalsaCinogaxdes am RonisZiebis Sedegebi yvela dainteresebuli mxarisTvis.MB 3.2 – mcire energomoxmarebis Senoba da misi sapiloto proeqtitermini “ mcire energomoxmarebis Senoba” Cveulebriv gamoiyenebaiseTi Senobis aRsaniSnavad, romelic standartul SenobebTan SedarebiTTboizolaciis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba da Sesabamisad, maTze naklebenergias moixmars.ganxiluli RonisZiebis Sefaseba eyrdnoba mosazrebas, rom Senobisenergoefeqturoba unda moicavdes efeqturobis sam komponents. esenia:Senobis SemzRudavi karkasis maRali donis Tboizolacia efeqturi Tanamedrove gaTbobis sistema da adgilobriviwyalmomaragebis sistema108

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>efeqturi ganaTebis sistemaaRniSnuli RonisZiebis Sefasebisas gamoyenebul iqna integrirebulimidgoma, romelic iTvaliswinebs wina RonisZiebebis Sefasebis Sedegebs:Senobis struqturuli komponentebis ganaxleba energoefeqturobisasamaRleblad, centraluri saqvabisa da Tanamedrove gaTbobis sistemisdamontaJeba wyalmomaragebis sistemasTan da energoefeqtur naTurebTanerTad.am integrirebuli ganxilvis Sedegad kompiuteruli programiTgamoTvlilma energodanazogma weliwadSi 365,950 mvt.sT Seadgina, xoloCO2 emisiis Semcireba toli aRmoCnda 92.08 t/w.mTliani investiciis Rirebuleba 181,292 laria, xolo energiisdanazogi fuladi gamoxatulebiT 34,800 lari. ukugebis periodi yvelaRonisZiebisTvis aRebul iqna 5.2 weli.cxrili 2.20.RonisZiebamcireenergomoxmarebisSenoba (F=2495m2)sainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba181292 lari 5.2 - - 92.08 t/wsaqmianoba MB 4 – ganaxlebadi energoresursebis gamoyeneba cxeli wylismowodebis mizniTMB 4.1 – sportskloebSi mzis energiis koleqtorebis gamoyenebamzis energiis koleqtorebi mzis gamosxivebas siTbod gardaqmnianda Semdeg am siTbos wyals gadascemen, romelic SeiZleba miewodosSenobas. ganxiluli RonisZieba miznad isaxavs mzis koleqtorebisgamoyenebas iseT municipalur SenobebSi cxeli wylis miwodebisuzrunvelsayofad, rogoric aris sportskola, sabavSvo baRi dasaavadmyofo.Tu vivaraudebT, rom sportul skolaSi saSualod daaxloebiT 100adamiani dadis, da erTi adamiani saSualod 15 l. wyals moixmars, dReSi109

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>ixarjeba 1525 litri. amas Seesabameba 549 m 3 wylis xarji weliwadSi, risgasaTbobadac saWiroa weliwadSi 20764 kvt.sT energia.cnobilia, rom TbilisSi horizontalur zedapirze mzisgamosxivebiT miRebuli energia weliwadSi daaxloebiT 1200 kvt.sT-sSeadgens. mzis miRebuli energiis koleqtoris zedapiris 90 0 -iani kuTxisorientaciiT SeiZleba mzis gamosxivebis 25%-iT gazrda da misi energiagaxdeba 1500 kvt.sT/m 2 /w. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mzis energiiskoleqtoris margi qmedebis koeficienti 70%-ia, wlis ganmavlobaSiaqedan 1050 kvt.sT/m 2 energiis miReba iqneba SesaZlebeli.Tu mzis energiis vakuumian koleqtorebs gamoviyenebT, romlebicsaxuravze montaJdeba, 20 m 2 mTliani farTidan weliwadSi 21000 kvt.sTenergias miviRebT. standartuli mzis energiis koleqtoris zedapirisfarTobi 2 m 2 -ia da Rirs 1300 lari. Cvens SemTxevevaSi dagvWirdeba 10aseTi koleqtori da Sesabamisad investiciis Rirebuleba 13 000 lariiqneba.aRniSnuli energiis (21000 kvt.sT/w) bunebrivi gazis wvidanmisaRebad saWiro gazis moculoba iqneba: 21000/9.36 =2243.6m 3 , anu fuladigamosaxulebiT - 2243.6x 0.75=1683 lari. CO2 –s emisiis Semcireba bunebrivigazidan mzis energiaze gadasvlis SemTxvevaSi 4.2 tona iqneba weliwadSi.cxrili 2.21.RonisZiebacxeli wylismiwodebamzisenergiisgamoyenebiT(F=2495m 2 )sainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiwminda amJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiCO2-isSemcirebaIRRNPVQ13000 lari 7.7 12% 0.13 4.2 t/wmzis energiis gamoyeneba cxeli wylis misaRebad gaTvaliswinebulia xuTsportul skolaSi.MB 4.2 – mzis energiis koleqtorebis gamoyeneba saavadmyofoebSi110

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>analogiuri gamoTvlebis Sedegad miiReba zemoaRniSnulimonacemebi municipaluri savadmyofoebisTvisac. mzis energiiskoleqtorebis dadgma navaraudebia oTx saavadmyofoSi.saqmianoba RB 1 – centraluri gaTbobis sistemis damontaJebasacxovrebel SenobebSiRB 1.1 – geoTermuli wlis gamoyeneba gaTbobisa dacxelwyalmomaragebisTvis da misi sapiloto proeqti.q. Tbilisis saburTalos raionSi arsebuli geoTermuliWaburRilebis warmadoba dReSi 2400 m 3 -ia miRebuli wylis xarji Seadgens2400/100 t/sT an 27.78 kg/wamSi.20 0 C temperaturuli sxvaobis SemTxvevaSi miRebuli siTbossimZlavre iqneba 27.78x20x4.19 = 2.32 mgvt. davuSvaT, rom miwodebuli wylistemperatura tolia 55 0 da ukan dabrunebuli wylis temperatura - 35 0 C.wylis wliuri gamomuSaveba Seadgens 2.32x24x365 = 20323 mgvt.sT/w. gaTbobissezonisTvis moxmareba iqneba 2.32x24x146 = 8129.28 mgvt.sT/w. es niSnavs, rom20323-8129.28 = 12193.72 Mmgvt.sT/w energia xelmisawvdomi iqnebacxelwyalmomaragebis mizniT.20323 mgvt.sT energiiT bunebrivi gazis wvis Sedegad miRebulienergiis Canacvleba iZleva CO 2 -is emisiis Semcirebas weliwadSi 4105.24toniT. bunebrivi gazis danazogi iqneba 2171260 m 3 . fuladi gamosaxulebiTes Seadgens: 2171260x0.51 = 1,107,342.6 lars.am RonisZiebis Sedegad mosalodneli energodanazogisSefasebisTvis gamoyenebul iqna sanimuSod SerCeuli sacxovrebelikorpusis sabaziso monacemebi. energiis moxmareba gaTbobis mTelisezonis manZilze ganisazRvra eneregopasportis kompiuteruli programissaSualebiT.sacxovrebeli saxlis farTobia F=2510m 2 . Senobis Tboizolaciisdonis gazrdis gareSe energiis moxmareba gaTbobis sezonis ganmavlobaSiiqneba 606.697 mgvt.sT/w. amitom erTnairi Tboizolaciis maxasiaTeblebismqone 2510x13=32630 m 2 saerTo farTobis 13 SenobaSi gaTboba zamTrissezonSi uSualod SeiZleba uzrunvelyofil iqnas pirdapir geoTermuliwylis gamoyenebiT.111

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>adgilobrivi cxelwyalmomaragebis sistemis damontaJebissainvesticio Rirebuleba (896000 lari) dadgenil iqna gaeros<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> programisa da garemos dacvis globaluri fondis proeqtisangariSSi aRwerili scenaridan. aRniSnul scenarSi gaTvaliswinebuliiyo gamarTuli wyalmomaragebis sistemisTvis saWiro mricxvelebis,milsadenebisa da WaburRilebis mowyoba. daaxloebiT ganisazRvra amSenobebSi gaTbobis sistemis uzrunvelyofisTvis saWiro investicia,romelmac jamSi Seadgina 1,896,000 lari.am RonisZiebis ekonomikuri momgebianobis SefasebisTvisSesrulebuli gamoTvlebis Sedegebi qvemoT mocemul cxrilSiawarmodgenili.crili 2.22.RonisZiebagaTbobageoTermuliwyliTsainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba1,896,000 lari 1.8 56 % 2.42 4105.24 t/wdamatebiTi gaumjobeseba SeiZleba miRweul iqnas iseTi Tanamedroveteqnologiebis danergviT, rogoricaa gaTbobis tumbo energiispotencialis Semdgomi gamoyenebis mizniT temperaturis sxvaobisas t=35-30= 5 0 C. es uzrunvelyofs damatebiT potencials 27.78 x 30 x 4.19 = 3.49 mgvt-isodenobiT.3.49x24x365 = 30572.4 mgvt.sT/w - energiis es raodenoba SeiZlebadazogil iqnas bunebrivi gazis geoTermuli wyliT Secvlis gziT. amSemTxvevaSi gazis danazogi iqneba 3266239 m 3 , xolo fuladigamoxatulebiT 3266239 x 0.51 = 1,665,782 lari. naxSirbadis emisia ki,Sesabamisad Semcirdeba kidev 6175.63 t/w odenobiT.112

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.23.RonisZiebageoTermuli wylispotencialigaTbobis tumbosgamoyenebisSemTxvevaSisainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba5,000,000 lari 3.0 19 % 0.23 6175.63 t/wgeoTermuli wylis potencialis gamoyenebis mizniT saukeTesoteqnikuri da teqnologiuri gadawyvetelebebis SesarCevad undaganxorcieldes sapiloto proeqti.RB 1.2 – biologiuri narCenebis briketebis gamoyeneba centralurigaTbobis sistemebSi/sapiloto proeqti.es RonisZieba aRwerilia saqmianoba MB 1.2-Si qve-saqmianobis saxiT.gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebulia municipalur SenobebSiganxorcielebuli sapiloto proeqtis Sedegebis gavrcelebasacxovrebel Senobebze, radgan sacxovrebeli SenobebisTvis dawyebulisapiloto proeqti unda moicavdes centraluri gaTbobis sistemisdamontaJebas saqvabiT, romelic minimum 10 sacxovrebel korpussmoemsaxureba.nimuSad SerCeuli Senobis mier gasaTbobad energiis moxmarebaSeadgens 606.697 mgvt.sT-s weliwadSi, rac bunebrivi gazis gamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi gamoyofs 122.55 t/w CO2.sanimuSo Senobis briketebiT gaTbobaze gadasvlis SemTxvevaSibunebrivi gazis danazogi iqneba 606.697/9.36=64818 m 3 , rasac Sesabamisadmoyveba emisiis Semcireba 122.55 t/w/. danazogi fulad gamoxatulebaSiiqneba: 64818x0.51 = 33057 lari.113

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.24.RonisZiebacentralurigaTbobabiologiurinarCenebisbriketebissaSualebiTsainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba80,000 lari 3.1 30% 0.95 122.55 t/wsaqmianoba RB 2 – efeqturi ganaTebis sistemebis damontaJebaRB 2.1- sacxovrebeli Senobebis saerTo farTobebSi fluorescenulinaTurebis dayeneba.aRniSnuli RonisZieba gulisxmobs varvara naTurebis Secvlasfluorescentuli naTurebiT. magaliTad, Tu ganvixilavT 10-sarTulianiSenobis saerTo sargeblobis farTs F=389m 2 kibis ujredebiT, misivarvara naTurebiT ganaTebis SemTxvevaSi, moxmarebuli simZlavreminimaluri ganaTebis donis misaRwevad Seadgens 3.5 vt/kv.m. amasSeesabameba moxmarebis saerTo simZlavre 1.3615 kvt. Tu vivaraudebT, romvarvara naTurebis wliuri moxmareba Seadgens 3921 kvt.sT-s, maTifluorescentuli naTurebiT SecvliT daizogeba 2941 kvt.sT energia, racfuladi gamosaxulebiT 2941x0.16 = 471 lars Seadgens.Secvlili 100-vatiani varvara naTurebis mTliani raodenoba 14iqneba. amisTvis sul saWiroa daaxloebiT 100 lari, xolo erTiSenobidan CO2 emisiis Semcireba iqneba 1.173 t/w.am magaliTis Sedegebi SeiZleba sxva SenobebisTvisas gamoviyenoT,da unda vivaraudoT, rom am cvlilebiT miRweuli energodanazogisaerTo farTobebSi weliwadSi 7.56 kvt.sT/m 2 iqneba.aRniSnuli prognozi iTvaliswinebs F=3,890,000 m 2 –is farTobis mqonesaerTo sargeblobis farTebSi varvara naTurebis fluorescentulinaTurebiT gamocvlas.114

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 2.25RonisZiebasainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcirebafluorescentulinaTurebiT ganaTeba100 lari 0.2 435 % 6.78 1.173 t/wsaqmianoba RB 3 – sacxovrebeli Senobebis ganaxlebaRB 3.1 – saerTo sargeblobis farTebis daTbuneba da Tbodanakargebisminimumamde Semcirebaam RonisZiebis efeqturobis Sefaseba Catarda arqiteqtors.yavlaSvilis proeqtis 9-sarTuliani 99-biniani sacxovrebeli korpusismonacemebis gamoyenebiT. Senobas 5 sadarbazo aqvs, misi saerTo farTiaF=1485m 2 . saerTo farTobis erTi kedeli (F=220 m 2 ) Riaa. daTbunebisRonisZieba moicavs am kedlis amoSenebas (F=100m 2 ) da metaloplastmasisfanjris Casmas TiTo sarTulze. Senobis daTbunebiTa daTbodanakargebis minimizaciiT weliwadSi daizogeba 91.435 mgvt.sT energia.bunebrivi gazis Sesabamisi danazogi Seadgens daaxloebiT 91.435/9.36=9769m 3 , xolo emisiis Semcireba - 18.469 t/w. fuladi gamosaxulebiT esdanazogi iqneba 91.435x0.51 = 46,632 lari weliwadSi. RonisZiebasTandakavSirebuli sainvesticio da samontaJi xarjebi 26,458 lars Seadgens.cxrili 2.26.RonisZiebasainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcirebasaerTo farTebisdaTbuneba26458 lari 5.3 18% 0.55 18.469 t/w115

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gegmis mixedviT es RonisZieba unda gavrceldes F=640 000m 2farTobze (1200 Senoba).RB 3.2 – saxuravebis Tboizolaciasacxovrebeli korpusebis saxurvebis Tboizolaciis gazrdasiTburi winaRobis koeficientidan: R=0.83 m 2 0 C/W R=3.3m 2 0 C/W sididemde,dazogavs 24.031 mgvt.sT energias. 56 aseT energodanazogs Sedegad mohvebabunebrivi gazis 2567.425 kuburi metris ekonomia. Sesabamisad, CO2-isemisiis Semcireba Seadgens 4.854 t/w. sainvesticio da samontaJosamuSaoebis xarji 8,793 lars Seadgens.cxrili 2.27.RonisZiebasainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcirebasaxuravebisTboizolacia8793 lari 6.7 15% 0.35 4.854 t/wRB 3.3 – sacxovrebeli Senobebis gare karkasis Tboizolacia.es RonisZieba iTvaliswinebs Senobis gare karkasis ganaxlebas. misiSefasebisTvis gamoyenebuli iqna tipiuri sacxovrebeli Senobismonacemebi. gare kedlis farTobi udris F = 2510 m 2 , saxuravis - F=316 m 2 ,da fanjrebis - F = 445 m 2 .Senobis mTliani SemzRudavi karkasis farTi aris 3587 m 2 . mTlianisainvesticio Rirebuleba Seadgens daaxloebiT 150,000 lars. navaraudeviagare kedlebis TbodacviTi donis gazrda Termuli winaRobiskoeficientamde - R=1.9m 2 0 C/vt, ormagi Seminvis fanjrebisTvis - R=2.5 m 20C/vt, da saxuravisTvis - R=3.9 m 2 0 C/vt-mde.sabaziso energomoxmareba am SemTxvevaSi Seadgens 606.697 mgvt.sT,xolo ganaxlebis Semdeg iqneba 238.714 mgvt.sT. amrigad, energodanazogi367.983 mgvt.sT-s Seadgens. am RonisZiebis Sedegad yovelwliuraddaizogeba 39314 m 3 bunebrivi gazi, xolo fuladi gamoxatulebiT:39314x0.51 = 20,050 lari. emisia Semcirdeba 74.33 toniT weliwadSi.56 gamoTvlebi Sesrulebulia kompiuteruli programiT116

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia energoefeqturobis 57 gasazrdeliRonisZiebebis ganxorcieldeba sul mcire 1000 SenobaSi, mTlianifarTobiT F = 3587000 m 2 , rac mTeli sayofacxovrebo seqtoris 9.7%-ia.cxrili 2.28.RonisZiebasacxovrebeli saxlebisgare karkasisTboizolaciasainvesticioRirebulebissxvaobaUukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcireba150000 lari 7.5 13% 0.17 74.33 t/wRB 3.2 – Semcirebuli energomoxmarebis saxli da sapiloto proeqties RonisZieba ukve aRwerilia municipaluri SenobebisTvis (mS 3.2).misi ganxorcielebis Sedegad mosalodneli energodanazogi 439.7 mgvt.sTsSeadgens, xolo CO 2 -is emisiis Semcireba sacxovrebel Senobebidantoil iqneba 113.1 t/w.gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebulia minimum aTi Senobis garekedlebis TbodacviTi maxasiaTeblebis gaumjobeseba, efeqturi ganaTebisada axali gaTbobis sistemebis damontaJeba mzis energiaze momuSavecxeli wylis miwodebis sistemasTan erTad.cxrili 2.29.RonisZiebasainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcirebaSemcirebulienergomoxmarebisSenoba (F = 2495 m 2 )194292 lari 5.3 - - 113.1 t/w57 gamoTvlebi Catarda im daSvebiT, rom kedlebisTvis R-is sidide arsebiTad gaizrdeba da miaRwevs R= 1,90m 2 / 0 C/W mniSvnelobas117

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianoba RB 4 – ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis gamoyeneba cxeliwyliTmomaragebis mizniTRB 4.1 – mzis koleqtorebis dayeneba cxeliwyalmomaragebis mizniT(sapiloto proeqti).es RonisZieba municipalur SenobebTan dakavSrebiT aRweriliapunqtSi MB 4.1. masSi miRebuli ZiriTadi Sedegebi sacxovrebelkorpusebzec vrceldeba. aucilebelia sapiloto proeqtis dawyeba, raTaganisazRvros optimaluri teqnikuri gadawyvetilebebi, teqnologiurimidgoma da politikis sakiTxebi am momsaxurebis administrirebisa daTanxis amoRebis uzrunvelsayofad.savaraudod, sapiloto proeqtis Sedegebi unda gavrceldes 50sacxovrebel saxlze. es mogvcems mzis energiis gamoyenebis saSualebasda gazrdis TbilisSi ganaxlebadi energiis wils energiis saerTomoxmarebaSi.cxrili 2.30.RonisZiebasainvesticioRirebulebaukugebaSidaukugebisganakveTiIRRwmindaamJamindeliRirebulebiskoeficientiNPVQCO2–isSemcirebamzis koleqtorebisdayenebacxelwyalmomaragebismizniT13000 lari 5.2 - - 92.08 t/w118

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>3. gare ganaTebis seqtori3.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebiRamis Tbilisi cnobilia, rogorc sinaTlis qalaqi – TiTqmisyvela quCa, gamziri, parki, istoriuli Senoba da mimdebare teritoriaganaTebulia, rac Zalian mimzidvels xdis dedaqalqs rogorcadgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis, ise stumrebisTvიs. 2006 wels Tbilisismeriam wamoiwyo quCebis ganaTebis proeqti saxelwodebiT: “Tbilisi –sinaTlis qalaqi”. proeqtis farglebSi ganaTda qalaqis xuTive raioni,mdinare mtkvris orive sanapiro da korpusebs Soris yvela quCa damoedani.sur. 7: Ramis TbilisiqvemoT mocemuli cxrilidan naTlad Cans, rom sazogadoebriviganaTebis wertilebis raodenoba 2004-dan 2010 wlamde mniSvnelovnadgaizarda, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom eleqtroenergiis moxmarebamdedaqalaqSi mniSvnelovnad moimata:cxrili 3.1.wlebiganaTebis wertilebisraodenoba (quCisganaTeba, agreTvedekoratiuliganaTebis wertilebi)moxmarebulieleqtroenergia(mln) kvt.sT2004 17600 15, 82005 25700 23, 02006 47910 30, 02007 61160 35, 72008 83920 43, 52009 92560 46, 82010 108480 49, 8119

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2006 wels Tbilisis municipalitetis eleqtroenergiis moxmarebaSeadgenda 30 milion kvt.sT, rasac Seesabameboda 2,4 mln lari wliurixarji. 58 qalaqis ganaTebasTan erTad meriam wamoiwyo varvara naTurebisfluorescenturi naTurebiT Canacvlebis kampania. naTurebis 60%-ze metiukve Canacvlebulia maRali wnevis natriumis naTurebiT (HPSL),kompaqturi luminiscenciuri naTurebiTa (CLLs) da liTono-halogenurinaTurebiT (MHL), romlebic 1.5-3 jer energoefeqturia, vidre arsebulivercxliswylis naTurebi. winaswari gaTvlebiT quCis ganaTebis sistemisgafarToebasa da gaumjobesebas momdevno 2-3 wlis ganmavlobaSieleqtroeqnergiis xarjis daaxloebiT 15-20%-iT zrda unda mohyoloda,aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi rom ar gatarebuliyo. magram energiisdaaxloebiT 5-10%-mde dazogvis potenciali jer kidev arsebobs.dadgenilia mravali gza imisTvis, rom gare ganaTeba kidev ufroenergoefqturi gaxdes. rogorc Tbilisis 2008 wlis energoefeqturobiskoncefciaSi ganisazRvra, SuqniSnebSi Suq-dioduri (LED) gamanaTeblebisdamontaJeba mniSvnelovnad gazrdis energodanazogs. garda amisa,energoefeqturi naTurebis danergva mzis panelebis gamoyenebissaSualebasac iZleva, rac gansakuTrebiT efeqturia miudgomeladgilebSi. qvemoT aRwerilia gare ganaTebis energoefqturobisamaRlebis RonisZiebebi, romlebsac iTvalsiwinebs Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong><strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>.3.2. saTburis gazebis sabaziso done da tradiciuli gziT<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> (BAU) scenari gare ganaTebis seqtorisTvisgare ganaTebis seqtoris struqtura (არსებული სტრუქტურის აღწერა)qvemoT mocemulia 2009 wels Tbilisis gare ganaTebis seqტorismonacemebi:TbilisSi sul 92560 quCisa da dekoratiuli ganaTebis wertiliaTbilisis gare ganaTebis energomoxmareba 46800 mgvt.sT-is toliaweliwadSi.eleqtroqselis emisiis faqtori 0.39995 tona CO 2 eქvივალენტია ყოველმგvt.sT-ზეsaბაზისო scenari:radgan Tbilisis teritoriis umetesi nawili ukve sakmaodganaTebulia, sazogadoebrivi ganaTebis wertilebis raodenobis zrdadamokidebuli iqneba qalaqis gafarToebaze, rac Sesabamisad mosaxleobis58 Tbilisis energoefeqturobis koncefcia, 2008120

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>zrdiT aris ganpirobebuli. amdenad, am seqtoris mTavari mamoZravebeliZala mosaxleobis zrdaa. Tbilisis mosaxleobის zrda 1.1% -ia weliwadSi naTurebis raodenoba mosaxleobis zrdasTan erTad gaizrdeba arsebuli naTurebis energoefeqturoba ar gaumjobesdeba savaraudod ar Seicvleba arc eleqtroqselis emisiis faqtorisabaziso წლის inventarizaciis Sedegebi2009 wels eleqtroenergiis moxmareba quCis ganaTebis seqtoris mier 46.8aTasi mgvt.sT Seadgenda.2009 wels emisia quCis ganaTebidan 18.72 aTasi tona CO2 eქv. iyo.Sedegebi – sabaziso scenarisabaziso scenaris mixedviT gare ganaTebis energomoxmareba momavalSigaizrdeba da 2020 wlisTvis 52.78 aTas megavat saaTs miaRwevs.nax 32: qalaqis gare ganaTebis mier el.energiis moxmareba 2020 wlisTvisSemdeg grafikze warmodgenilia emisiis trendi gareganaTebisseqtoridan BAU scenaris mixedviT. 2020 wlisTvis CO 2 -is emisiaweliwadSi 21.11 aTas tonas miaRwevs.121

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>nax. 33: emisiis trendi Tbilisis gare ganaTebis seqtoridan BAU scenarismixedviTqvemoT mocemuli grafiki gviCvenebs gare ganaTebisenergomoxmarebas <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmis RonisZiebebis,kerZod, quCis ganaTebis marTvis centris amoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT.12nax 34: energiis moxmareba qalaqis gare ganaTebis mier BAU scenariT (1) da<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebisganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi (2).122

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>3.3. gare ganaTebis seqtoris <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>seqtorebidasaqmianobissferogareganaTebaZiriTadiRonisZiebebisaqmianobissferoebSipasuxismgebelidepartamenti,piri ankompania [imSemTxvevaSi TuCarTuliamesame mxare]ganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]TiToeuliRonisZiebisRirebuleba[lari]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodnelienergodanazogi [mgvt.sT/w]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneliCO2–isSemcireba [t/w]CO2–isSemcirebiswinaswardasaxuliraodenobrivimaCvenebeliseqtorisTvis2020 wlisTvis[t]8.45saqmianobaS1quCisganaTebismarTviscentriekonomikuripolitikissaagento,Tbilisis meria2012-2013 3 000 000 lari 21.11 8.45sul: 21.11 8.45123

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>3.4. qmedebebis aRwerasaqmianoba S1 – quCis ganaTebis marTvis centri: quCis ganaTebismarTvis centris ZiriTadi elementia situaciis mixedviT ganaTebulobissimkveTris Sesusteba. magaliTad, dRis drois monakveTis an manqanebismoZraobis intensivobis mixedviT, Tu gzatkecilebi aRiWurvebadeteqtorebiT, sistema uzrunvelyofs ganaTebulobis klebas RamissaaTebSi, Tu quCebi carielia, da simZlavris zrdas manqanis moaxloebisSemTxvevaSi. msgavsi meqanizmis gamoyeneba gvirabebSic SeiZleba. radganganaTebulobas, anu sinaTlis siZlieres uSualod Zabva (voltebi)gansazRvravs, SeiZleba Semdegi meqanizmis gamoyeneba sinaTlis sikaSkaSisregulirebisTvis: eleqtroenergiis sruli simZlavriT miwodeba pirveli5-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi da Semdegi 10 wuTi Zabvis Semcireba 195voltamde. Sedegad, energomoxmareba 25%-iT Semcirdeba, xolo sinaTle -mxolod 7%-iT. SuaRamis Semdeg, Zabva SeiZleba 140 voltamde SevamciroT,rac 63%-iT Seamcirebs energomoxmarebas. amasTan erTad, sistemasimZlavris stabilizaciis saSualebas mogvcems da quCis ganaTebis qselsefeqturs da saimedos gaxdis. naTurebis wneva da temperatura arSeicvleba simZlavris cvalebadobasTan erTad. sistemis marTvaSesaZlebelia GSM mobiluri telefonebis kavSiris meSveobiT, rac kidevufro efeqturs xdis mas. ganaTebis marTvis sistemis ganviTareba daintegeracia eleqtroenergiis danazogs 40%-60% - iT gazrdis. erTi wlisganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda sistemis testireba da damtkicdazemoaRniSnuli Sedegebi. proeqtis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro investicia3 mln laria. 2012 wels Sesruldeba winaswari samuSaoebi, xolo 2013wels igi srulad dainergeba.saqmianoba S2 (S1-s alternativa) – dioduri gamosxivebis naTurebis(LED) gamoyeneba gare ganaTebisTvis: RonisZieba gulisxmobs, rom 2011-2013wlebSi TbilisSi unda aSendes dioduri naTurebis mwarmoebeli qarxana.2014-2018 wlebSi yvela quCis ganaTebis naTura Seicvleba diodurigamosxivebis naTurebiT. proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba 76 mln larsSeadgens.naTurebis Secvlis <strong>gegma</strong> ganxorcieldeba qvemoT mocemuli ganrigismixedviT:2014w. –250 vatis simZlavris 10,000 natriumis naTebis naTurisSecvla 64 vatiani dioduri naTebis naTurebiT. Sedegad daizogeba7,551,600 kvt.sT eleqtroenergia.2015w. – mTlianobaSi 20,041 natriumis naTebis naTura (261 naTura/400vatiani; 5010 naTura/250vatiani; 14770 naTura/150 vatiani) Seicvleba64- da 48-vatiani dioduri naTebis naTurebiT. Sedegad, daizogeba10,255,966 kvt.sT eleqtroenergia.124

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> 2016w. – sul 20,000 natriumis naTebis naTura (3292 naTura/150vatiani; 16708 naTura/70vatiani) ASeicvleba 48- da 24-vatianidioduri naTebis naTurebiT. Sedegad daizogeba 4,383,702 kvt.sTeleqtroenergia. 2017w. – 20,000 natriumis naTebis 70-vatiani naTura gamoicvleba 24vatiani dioduri naTuriT da daizogeba 3,735,200 kvt.sTeleqtroenergia. 2018w. – 15,000 natriumis naTebis 70-vatiani naTura gamoicvleba 24vatiani dioduri naTiuriT, rac dazogavs 2,801,400 kvt.sTeleqtroenergias.proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad sul daizogeba 28,727,868 kvt.sTeleqtroenergia, maSin rodesac gare ganaTebis naTurebis raodenobaigive darCeba. am RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba 11.1 aTasi tona CO2 ekv.–iTSeamcirebs saTburis gazebis emisias.125

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>4. municipaluri nagavsayrelebis seqtori4.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi2006-2007 wlebidan Tbilisis dasufTavebis samsaxuris saqmianobamniSvnelovnad gamosworda. 2006 wels Seiqmna municipaluridasufTavebis departamenti, romlis ZiriTadi funqciebia: qalaqis dasufTaveba narCenebis dagrovebis Tavidan acileba da narCenebis dayofa,gadamuSaveba da meoradi gamoyeneba narCenebis Segroveba, gadamuSaveba da nagavsayrelebze ganTavseba nagavsayrelebis marTva narCenebis marTvisa da dasufTavebis regulirebis wesebisSemuSaveba. kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli narCenebis marTvisa dadasufTavebis wesebis ganxorcielebis kontroli.unda aRiniSnos, rom ar arsebobs raime specialuri kanoni narCenebismarTvis Sesaxeb, romelic seqtoris muSaobas saxelmwifo donezedaaregulirebs. regulirebisTvis gamoiyeneba qvemoT CamoTvliliiuridiuli aqtebi: saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1997) dasaqarTvelos kanonis jandacvis Sesaxeb (1997). adgilobriv doneze,saqarTvelos kanoni TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb (2006). ojaxebidannarCenebis Segrovebisa da ganTavsebis dagegmva da ganxorcielebaadgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis valdebulebaa. Tumca, kanonmdebloba arsTxovs municipalitetebs narCenebis marTvis <strong>gegma</strong>s an ganxorcielebisSemTxvevaSi maTi iuridiuli statusis gansazRvras.TbilisisMmunicipalitetis dasufTavebis seqtris reforma 2006 welsdaiwyo - moxda axali nagvis Semgrovebeli manqanebis Sesyidva,specialuri bunkerebis dadgma mTel qalaqSi, nagvis Segrovebisa daqalaqis dasufTavebis efeqturobis gazrdis mizniT SemzRudavi damastimulirebeli zomebis danergva. Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWosbiujetidan 2011 wlisTvis qalaqis dasufTavebis mizniT gamoyofil iqna50,823,300 lari, rac moicavda Zveli nagavsayrelebis daxurvas dakonservacias, agreTve, axali nagavsayrelis Seqmnas. 5959 http://www.sakrebulo.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=6&lang_id=ENGhttp://www.sakrebulo.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=6&lang_id=ENG126

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>TbilisSi yovelwliurad warmoiqmneba saSualod 1.3 milioni kuburimetri narCeni. 60 aqedan daaxloebiT 3,000 m 3 yoveldRiurad grovdeba dagadaitaneba nagavsayrel obieqtebze.cxrili 4.1. Tbilisis nagavsayrelebze ganTavsebuli myari narCenebi, 2001-2010 ww.wlebi mosaxleoba (aTasi) municipaluri myarinarCenebisul qalaqSi (tona)2001 1.088500 251.86882002 1.081700 276.39382003 1.079100 227.9022004 1.078200 253.27242005 1.079700 232.852006 1.103300 274.0032007 1.101100 292.08132008 1.136600 333.6622009 1.136600 346.35582010 1.152500 353.1642wyaro: Tbilisis meriaTbilisis municipaluri narCenebis ZiriTadi komponentebia:organuli nagavi, qaRaldi, muyao, plastmasa, mina, liToni, qsovili,tyavi, da sxva saxis nagavi (mineraluri narCenebi, ferfli, quCis nagavi,mtveri, da sxva daudgeneli narCenebi). 2003 61 wlis kvlevis mixedviT,municipaluri narCenebi daiyofeba kategoriebad Semdegi proporciiT:organuliqaRaldiplastmasaminaliToniSesafuTimasalebiinertulimasalebinax 35: municipaluri narCenebis Semadgenloba, 2003w. (wona - %)60 Tbilisis energoefeqturobis koncefcia, 200861 Tbilisis municipaluri nagvis menejmentis koncefcia, GTZ, 2006127

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2010 wlamde Tbiliss oTxi sxvadasxva oficialuri nagavsayreliemsaxureboda, romlebic Tbilisis municipalitetis mflobelobaSi iyo.maTSi Sedioda gldanis (gldani 1, gldani 2) lilos da iaRlujisnagavsayrelebi.daxuruli nagavsayrelebi gldani 1 da gldani 2 -is eqspluataciadaiwyo 1972 wels da 2010 wels isini daixura. obieqtebi 8 heqtar miwisnakveTze iyo ganlagebuli 5.45 milion tonaze meti narCenebiT. nagvisfenis sisqe minimum 8 metrsa da maqsimum 20 metrs aRwevda. gldanisnagavsayreli Tbilisis mosaxleobis 52%-s emsaxureboda. iaRlujisnagavsayrelis teritoria 5 heqtarzea gadaWimuli da Tbilisiscentridan samxreT-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT daaxloebiT 25 km-iTaris daSorebuli. misi eqspluatacia 1985 wlidan 2010 wlamdegrZeldeboda. obieqti mosaxleobis 48%-s emsaxureboda da itevda 2.8milion tonaze met nagavs 3-dan 20 metaramde sisqis feniT. lilosnagavsayrelis funqcionireba 1989 wlidan 2004 wlamde grZeldeboda damoicavda 5 heqtar miwis nakveTs. nagavsayreli 1.8 milion tona narCenebsmoicavda da maTi fenis sisqe 3-dan 5-metramde izrdeboda. qvemoTmocemul cxrilSi moyvanilia detaluri informacia nagavsayrelebisSesaxeb:cxrili 4.2. informacia Tbilisis nagavsayrelebis SesaxebnagavsayreligaxsnisTariRidaxurvisTariRimomsaxurebulimosaxleoba%nagvisSemgrovebelimanqanebisraodenoba/dReSimanqanebisdatvirTvissimZlavre,m 3nagavsayrelis marTvis tipigldani-1 1972 2004 51.8 7 gruntiT dafarva 2001romeli wlidanaris monacemebixelmisawvdomigldani-2 2004 2010 60.8 40-12 gruntiT dafarva 2004lilo 1989 2004 48.2 7 gruntiT dafarva 2001iaRluja 1985 2010 39.2 40-7 gruntiT dafarva 2004norio 2011 - 100 7-8 manqanaaTas tonanarCenze40-7 gruntiT dafarva 2011arcerTi nagavsayreli ar iyo saTanadod daculi– isini ar iyoSemoRobili da Tavisuflad SeRwevadi iyo cxovelebisa TufrinvelebisTvis, rac sxvadasxva daavadebebis gavrcelebis didi riskis128

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Semcveli iyo. garemos dacvis bevri mniSvnelovani problema uSualodswored nagavsayrelebis eqspluatacias ukavSirdeba – arcerT maTgans argaaCnda gruntis wlebis dacva an gamdinare wylebis dakavebis sistema,rac iwvevda haeris, gruntis wylebisa da wylis dabinZurebas. 62 arxdeboda nagavsayrelis gazis (LFG) Segroveba obieqtebidan, amitom misiatmosferoSi gamoyofa ar kontroldeboda. dabali koncentraciiT esgazi usiamovno sunis wyaroa, xolo maRali koncentraciiT gamoyofisasmas SeuZlia afeTqebis an aalebis gamowveva. ufro metic, radgan misimTavari Semadgeneli nawili meTania, romelsac sakmaod didi globaluridaTbobis potenciali gaaCnia, nagavsayreli obieqtebi safrTxes uqmnianglobalur garemos.sur. 8: gldani 2 da iaRlujis nagavsayrelebi, 2006axali nagavsayreli: 2010 wlis martSi gardabnis raionSi, sofelnorios maxloblad, daiwyo axali nagavsayrelis mSenebloba. misimTliani farTobi 83 heqtaria da 4 ZiriTadi nawilisgan Sedgeba. 2010wlis nioemberSi nagavsayrelis mxolod sami nawili SevidaeqspluataciaSi (8 heqtari) dReSi 30000 tona nagvis miRebisSesaZleblobiT, rac sakmarisia qalaqis mosaxleobis 100%-ismomsaxurebisTvis. misi eqspluataciis vada 30-40 welia da nagvis fenebissisqis potenciali 20-25 metri.62 garemos dacvis erovnuli <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>, 2011129

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>sur. 9: norios nagavsayreli, 2011obieqti daculia RobiT da ucxo pirTa da saqonlis SesvlaakrZalulia. obieqtze Sesvlisas nagvis manqanebi iwoneba asawon xidzeRFID sistemis gamoyenebiT. nagvis gadasayrelad da ormetrian fenebaddasatkepnad gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove teqnologiebi. xdeba fenebisdafarva 50sm sisqis Tixis gruntiT. nagavsayrelze uzrunvelyofilianaxmari wylebis drenaJi da ganTavsebulia meTanis koleqtorebi,romlebic saSualebas iZleva Tavidan acilebuli iqnas gruntis wylebisdabinZureba da/an wyalSemcvel SreebSi gaJonva da meTanis aaleba.dagegmilia Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergva narCenebis kategoriebaddasayofad, rac Seamcirebs nagavsayrelze dasagrovebeli narCenebismoculobas da gazrdis gadasamuSavebeli masalebis wils.4.2. saTburis gazebis emisiis sabaziso done da tradiciulibiznesis (BAU) gziT <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari municipalurinagavsayrelebis seqtorisTvisproblemis aRweraqalaqSi saTburis gazebis emisiis Semcirebis Sesaxeb valdebulebisSesruleba moiTxovs emisiis wyaroebis winaswar Sefasebas dasaprognozo maCveneblebis gamoTvlas, rac aucilebelia winamdebareproeqtis farglebSi emisiis Sesamcireblad specialuri RonisZiebebisdasa<strong>gegma</strong>d. sabaziso inventarizaciaSi warmodgenilia <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>scenari proeqtis ganxorcielebis gareSe.130

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>meTodi da daSvebebisaTburis gazebis emisiis sabaziso scenaris gamoTvla gulisxmobssawyisi da bolo wlebis emisiis Sefasebas (2009 da 2020 Sesabamisad) daeyrdnoba daSvebas, rom emisiis zrda mosaxleobis zrdis proporciuliiqneba, Tu ar moxda raime mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri Tu politikuricvlilebebi.narCenebis seqtoridan saTburis gazebis emisiis wyaroebi Semdegjgufebad daiyofa:a) myari narCenebis municipaluri nagavsayrelebib) naxmari wylebig) narCenebis wvis procesisaTburis gazebis emisiis mxolod ori wyaroa gamoTvlili IPCCmeToologiiT, romelic damtkicebulia UNFCCC-admi yvela qveynis miermiwodebuli saTburis gazebis inventarizaciis unificirebis mizniT.saTburis gazebis emisia myari narCenebis ganTavsebis adgilebidannagavsayrelebidan 3 saxis saTburis gazi gamoiyofa: meTani (CH4),naxSirorJangi (CO2) da ara-meTanuri aqroladi organuli naerTebi(NMVOC). myari narCenebis ganTavsebis adgilebidan gamoyofili yvelazemniSvnelovani saTburis gazi meTania. IPCC meTodologiis mixedviTorganuli masalidan warmoqmnili CO2 ar iTvleba wminda CO 2 - is emisiad.CO2 da NMVOC-is gamoTvlis meTodologia ar arsebobs.CH4 emisia nagavsayrelebidanmeTanis emisiis gamoTvla Tbilisis nagavsayrelebidan sruldebaIPCC Waste Model-is gamoyenebiT, romelic eyrdnoba pirveli rigis daSlis“First Order Decay” (FOD) meTods, romelic IPCC –is mier danergil maRalimiaxloebis meTodad miiCneva meTanis ZiriTadi wyaroebis gamosavlenad.FOD meTodi gulisxmobs, rom a) meTani gadayrili narCenebidanmomentalurad ki ar warmoiqmneba, aramed daSlis periodSi gamoiyofaTandaTan, nagvis masebis daSlasTan erTad da (b) daSla da meTaniswarmoSoba eqsponencialuri kanoniT ganviTarebadi funqciaa. daSlisperiodad SerCeuli parametric damokidebulia qveynis specifikurpirobebze da nagavsayrelebis Semadgenlobaze.FOD meTodi saTburis gazebis inventarizaciis erT-erT yvelazerTul meTodad iTvleba. amitom gamoTvlebis gamartivebis mizniT Seiqmnacxrilebis Sevsebaze damyarebuli martivi modeli, romelsac “IPCC Waste131

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Model” ewodeba. modeli Seicavs parametrebis standartul sidideebs,romlebic miaxloebiTia da qveynis specifikuri monacemebiT CanacvlebissaSualebas iZleva.parametrebis aRwera da miRebuli daSvebebiim parametrebis mniSvnelobaTa SesarCevad, romelTac moiTxovsmodeli, Cven gamoviyeneT saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtebisada kvlevebis Sedegebi, kerZod, saTburis gazebis saqarTvelos erovnuliinventarizacia (2008), angariSi bunebrivi garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb(2010) da garemos dacvis erovnuli <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>, NEAP-2 (2010),Tbilisis narCenebis marTvis koncefcia (2007), saqarTvelos teritoriazenarCenebis inventarizacia (2007), “Tbilisis nagavsayrelebidan gazebisemisiis Segroveba da eleqtroenergiis generaciis proeqti” Ver002,05/01/2007(CDM PDD), 2006 IPCC GL, da, agreTve, modelSi CarTulistandartuli monacemebi. saqmianobis zogierTi monacemi aRebul iqnaTbilisis meriidan da oficialuri internet-gverdebidan. qvemoTmocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia es sidideebi, maTi SerCevis safuZvelida miRebuli daSvebebi:cxrili 4.3. gamoTvlebSi gamoyenebuli parametrebi# parametrebi sidide dasabuTeba da daSvebebi1 regioni aRmosavleT evropa ----2 klimati zomierad notio es aris Sesafasebel nagavsayrel obieqtze arsebuliklimaturi parametri. igi dakavSirebulia imasTan, romnotio klimati xels uwyobs meti meTanis gamoyofas.klimatis tipis SerCeva gansazRvravs parameters “k”,romelic axasiaTebs meTanis warmoqmnis siCqares.Tbilisis klimati iTvleba “cxel mSral” klimatad,magram notio havis Cveni arCevani Tbilisisnagavsayrelebis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebis Sedegia.Tbilisis nagavsayrelebi (2011 wlamde) drenaJissistemis gareSe muSaobda, rac iwvevda iq dayrilinagvis danestianebas. amitom “cxeli mSrali” klimatisarCeva realur mdgomareobas ver asaxavda.3 drois intervali(Tveebi)4 meTanis wiligamoyofil gazebSi6 IPCC standartuli sidideebis gamoyenebiT miRebulimniSvneloba0,527 gamoTvlilia qveynis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT(saqarTvelos saTburis gazebis erovnuliinventarizacia, 2008, gv. 119)5 meTanis koreqciisfaqtori(MCF)0.4 (1961-1971 wlebisTvis)pirveli oficialurinagavsayrelisgaxsnamde; 1972 wlidanMCF=1pirveli oficialuri nagavsayrelis gaxsnamde,municipaluri narCenebi Riad da daucvelad, Txelfenebad iyreboda sxvadasxva adgilebSi. amSemTxvevisTvis standartuli MCF koeficienti - 0.4.marTvadi nagavsayrelebisTvis standartulikoeficienti 1-is tolia, da es sidide gamoiyeneba 1972wlidan, rodesac gaixsna pirveli marTvadinagavsayreli.132

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>6 narCenebisSemadgenloba7 narCenebisSemadgenlona(procentuloba)8 DOC (daSladiorganulinaxSirbadi)9 DOCf(daSliliorganulinaxSirbadis wili)10 oqsidaciisfaqtori (OX)sakvebi, xil-bostneuli,qaRaldi, xe, totebi dafoTlebi, qsovili,gamoyenebuli bavSvebissafenebi, plastmasa dasxva inertulinarCenebi. kanalizaciiswylebi nagavsayrelebzear Caedineba.sakvebi, xil-bostani,qaRaldi, xe, da foTlebi,qsovili, safenebi,plastmasa, da sxainertuli narCenebi:Sesabamisad -39%, 4%,34%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 14%.yvela calkeulinarCenis kategoriisTvis– qveynisTvisdamaxasiaTebeli (ix.cxrili 4.4 qvemoT)0.517, gamoTvlilimniSvnelobaIPCC –is modelis standartuli maCveneblebis SerCeva.kvlevis* Sedegebi gamoyenebulia SemdgomiklasifikaciisTvis – TiToeuli nawili strandartulkategoriebs mikuTvneba. kvlevebis Sedegad miRebuliasxvadasxva Semadgenloba /ganawileba. maTi gamoTvlebSiCarTvis Semdeg Catarda Sedegebis analizi da miRebuliqna, rom maTi done saTburis gazebis inventarizaciismonacemebTan SedarebiT Zalian dabalia. imis varaudiT,rom klasi - “sxva narCenebi” ar iyo gaTvaliswinebulimodelur gamoTvlebSi, Cven gadavwyviteT am nawilissxva kategoriebze gadanawileba da ufro axlosmivediT inventarizaciis SedegebTan. Sedegebi axlosaRmoCnda inventarizaciis maCveneblebTan.qveynisTvis specifikuri, kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT.SeniSvna: bolo xans asebuli mdgomareobis asaxvis mizniT, nagvisSemadgenloba garkveul Sesworebebs saWiroebs.ZiriTadad aRebulia saqarTvelos saTburis gazebis(sg) erovnuli inventarizaciidan, 2008 (cxrili 6.9,gv.118)saSualo Sewonili mniSvneloba (0.517) modelis mieravtomaturad gamoiTvleba qveynisTvis damaxasiaTebelisidideebis gamoyenebiT, nagvis TiToeuli kategoriisprocentuli maCvenebeli Setanilia modelSi:sakvebis narCeni 0.7baRnari 0.26 (balaxis, foTlebis da totebis saSualomaCvenebli)qaRaldi 0.48xe da Cala 0.36qsovili 0.55gadayrili safenebi 0.5 63 (ix. saqarTvelos sg erovnuliinventarizacia, cxrilebi 6.10, 6.11 da 6,12,gv. 118-119).0.1 koeficienti SeirCa 2006 wlis IPCC inventarizaciissaxelmZRvanelodan – 0.1 koeficienti rekomendebulianagavsayrelebisTvis, romelTaA dafarvis masalaniadagia (saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi)11 K meTaniswarmoqmnis siCqaresxvadasxvagvarisxvadasxvakategoriisTvis (ix.cxrili 4.5 qvemoT)modelSi Setanilia standartuli mniSvnelobebiSerCeuli klimaturi zonisTvis (zomierad notio).modeli narCenebis sxvadasxva kategoriisTvis daSlissxvadasxva periodebs iTvaliswinebs.12 meTanis CaWera ® 0 saqarTveloSi meTanis CaWera jer ar warmoebswyaroebi: *Tbilisis narCenebis marTvis koncefcia (2007); **saqarTvelos erovnuli saTburisgazebis emisiis inventarizacia (2008)133

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>qvemoT mocemuli cxrili gviCvenebs daSladi organulinaxSirbadis DOC parametrebis mniSvnelobebs da K-s sidides narCenebisSemadgenlobis mixedviT:cxrili 4.4. daSladi organuli naxSirbadis mniSvnelobebi narCenebissxvadasxva kategoriisTvis (fragmenti modelidan)daSladi organuli naxSirbadifarglebi standartiqveynis specifikurikoeficientisakvebis narCenebi 0.08-0.20 0,15 0,137baRnari 0.18-0.22 0,2 0,247qaRaldi 0.36-0.45 0,4 0,402xe da Cala 0.39-0.46 0,43 0,393qsovili 0.20-0.40 0,24 0,495naxmari safenebi 0.18-0.32 0,24 0,24* IPCC, narCenebis modelis standartuli mniSvnelobacxrili 4.5. meTanis generaciis siCqare nagvis kategoriebSi (fragmentimodelidan)meTanis warmoqmnis siCqaris amsaxvelikoeficientiweli -1 farglebi standartisakvebi narCenebi 0.1–0.2 0,185 0,185baRnari 0.06–0.1 0,1 0,1qaRaldi 0.05–0.07 0,06 0,06xe da Cala 0.02–0.04 0,03 0,03qsovili 0.05–0.07 0,06 0,06naxmari safenebi 0.06–0.1 0,1 0,1saqmianobis monacemebisaqmianobis monacemebi moicavs nagavsayrelebis momxmarebelimosaxleobis raodenobas, warmoqmnil myar municipalur narCenebs, danagavsayrelebze ganTavsebuli municipaluri myari narCenebis wils.cnobebi Tbilisis mosaxleobis Sesaxeb municipalitetisoficialuri internet-gverdidan aris aRebuli (2000 – 2010 wlebisTvis).2000 wlamde gamoiyeneboda igive cifri, rac mocemuli iyo 2008 wlissaqarTvelos saTburis gazebis erovnul inventarizaciaSi.modelSi ganixileba parametri “erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi erT sulmosaxleze warmoiqmnili myari municipaluri narCeni” da mocemulia misistandartuli mniSvneloba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, aRebul iqna myarimunicipaluri narCenis realuri Sewonili mniSvneloba, gaTvlili erTwelze 2000 wlidan moyolebuli. es sidideebi Sedarebuli iqna134

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>mosaxleobis raodenobis monacemebs (2000 wlidan), raTa gamogveTvalamyari municipaluri narCeni erT sul mosaxleze 2001 – 2010 wlebisstandartuli maCveneblis gamoyenebis gareSe (ix. cxrili 4.1).qalaqis municipalitetTan konsultaciis Semdeg miRebul iqnadaSveba, rom yvela myari municipaluri narCeni iyreba nagavsayelebze.amdenad, aq ganTavsebuli municipaluri narCenebis procentuli ganakveTi100%-iT ganisazRvra.gamoTvlebimunicipaluri nagavsayrelebis Sesaxeb yvela monacemis mopovebisSemdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda gamoTvlebis Catareba municipaluri myarinarCenebis TiToeuli nakadisTvis da Semdeg maTi Sejameba. magram IPCCmoTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom gamoTvlebSi Setanili unda iyosdaxuruli nagavsayrelebic, gadavwyviteT mTlianad Segvefasebinda yvelamunicipaluri nagavsayrelis emisia maTi arsebobis mTeli wlebismanZilze, TiTqos ori an sami obieqtis nacvlad erTi didi nagavsayreligvqonda. es mosazreba gamarTlda orive SemTxvevaSi identuri SedegebismiRebis faqtiT. FOD meTodi gulisxmobs, rom ganTavsebuli narCenebisyvela porciis degradacia xdeba ganTavsebis drois mixedviT da meTaniswarmoqmnis siCqaris (parametri k) dasadgenad didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs,Tu sad iyreba nagavi. nagavsayrelebis diferenciacia ZiriTadad maTimarTvis xarisxis mixedviT Catarda: 1972 wlamde nagavsayrelebiiTvleboda rogorc Txeli (mcire sisqis fenis mqone da umarTavi), xolo1972 wlis Semdeg - marTvadad, Sesabamisi MCF-is kofificientebiT (0.4 da1).gamoTvlebi 1961 wlidan daiwyo momdevno 50 wlis (2011 wlamde)CaTvliT, rogorc es rekomendebulia IPCC–is saxelmZRvanelodokumentSi. meTanis emisia sami klimaturi reJimisTvis Sefasda: notiozomieri, mSrali zomieri da mSrali tropikuli.Sedegebi2009 wlisTvis meTanis emisia Sefasda 20.04 gigagram (gg) CH4, tonadrac 420.84 gg CO2 ekvivalenturia (zomierad notio, rac aviReTTbilisisTvis – ix. dasabuTeba zemoT mocemul cxrilSi 4.3. Sedegebizomierad mSrali da mSrali tropikuli havisTvis toil aRmoCnda 17.73gg CH4 (372.33 gg CO2) da 18.70 gg CH4 (392.7 Gg CO2) Sesabamisad. aSkaraa, romnotio hava xels uwyobs meTanis ufro swraf generacias. gamoTvlebSigamoyenebuli iqna yvelaze konservatiuli daSveba (mSrali zomieri).______________________________SeniSvna: 1gg = 10 9 g = 10 6 kg = 10 3 t135

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saprognozo gamoTvlebi2011 wlidan eqspluataciaSi Sevida axali nagavsayreli, sadacganTavsdeba mTeli Tbilisis municipaluri myari narCenebi. gaTvlebiSesrulda igive cxrilSi gasuli periodis monacemebTan erTad, zemoTaRniSnuli daSvebis safuZvelze. prognozireba gakeTda 2020 wlamdemosaxleobis zrdis tempis gaTvaliswinebiT – 1.1% (www.geostat.ge), rogorczrdis saSualo maCvenebeli ukanaskneli aTi wlis manZilze. amisgaTvaliswinebiT meTanis emisia myari municipaluri nagavsayrelidanSeadgens 22.4 gg CH4 anu 470.4 gg CO2-ekv. (zomierad notio klimati) daanalogiurad 20.19 gg CH4 (423.99 gg CO2) da 21.09 gg CH4 (442.89 gg CO2)zomierad mSrali da mSrali tropikuli klimatebisTvis, Sesabamisad.sabaziso emisiaTbilisis samive nagavsayrelisTvis (gldani, iaRluja da norio)Catarebuli gamoTvlebis gaerTianebiT miRebuli Sedegebi qvemoTmocemul grafikzea warmodgenili. mrudi aris qalaqis myari narCenebisganTavsebis obieqtebis sabaziso monacemebis scenari.aTasi tonanax 36: CH 4 emisiis sabaziso scenari qalaqis nagavsayreli obieqtebidansaTburis gazebis erovnuli inventarizaciis (2008) monacemebTangarkveuli Seusabamoba SeiZleba aixsnas SemadgenlobisTvis, - meTaniswarmoqmnis siCqarisTvis k da sxva parametrebisTvis miRebuli daSvebebi.gamoTvlebis Sedegad miRebuli cifrebi naklebia, vidre erovnuliinventarizaciis Sedegebi, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom miRebuli daSvebebikonservatiulia. gadayrili nagvis Semadgenlobis da/an k-s mniSvnelobisdazusteba unda moxdes Sesabamisi proeqtis teqnikur-ekonomikurdasabuTebaSi.qvemoT moyvanil grafikebze naCvenebia scenarebi TiToeulinagavsayrelisTvis, romlisTvisac SemoTavazebulia emisiis136

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Semasustebeli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. aseTi dayofa aucilebeliaTiToeul obieqtze meTanis emisiis Semcirebis dagegmvisa daSefasebisTvis.meTanis emisia, gldani (t)nax 37: CH 4 -is emisia gldanis nagavsayrelidanmeTanis emisia, iaRluja (t)(t)nax 38: CH 4 -is emisia iaRlujis nagavsayrelidan137

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>meTanis emisia, norio (t)(t)nax 39: CH 4 -is emisia norios nagavsayrelidan138

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>4.3 <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> municipaluri nagavsayrelebis seqtorisTvisseqtorebidasaqmianobissferomunicipalurinagavsayrelebisaqmianoba L1ZiriTadi RonisZiebebisaqmianobis sferoebSidaxurulinagavsayrelebidanwarmoqmniligazisSegroveba da wva (gldani 2da iagluja)pasuxismgebelidepartamenti,piri an kompania[im SemTxvevaSiTu CarTuliamesame mxare]ekonomikuripolitikissaagento, Tbilisismeriaganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]2012-2020TiToeuli RonisZiebisRirebuleba5,199,308aSS dolari (mSenebloba)72,497aSS dolari /weli(eqspluatacia)TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodnelienergodanazogi[mgvt.sT/w]RonisZiebidanmosalodneliganaxlebadienergiismiReba[mgvt.sT/w]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneliCO2–is Semcireba[t/w]128310CO2–isSemcirebiswinaswardasaxuliraodenobrivimaCvenebeliseqtorisTvis2020 wlisTvis[t]18993901156620L 1.1nagavsayrelis gazis wvissistemis mSenebloba daamoqmedeba gldani 2nagavsayrelze3,772,478 aSS dolari(mSenebloba)27,711 aSS dolari/weli(eqspluatacia)48540 (saS. w)437460L 1.2nagavsayrelis gazis wvissistemis mSenebloba daamoqmedeba iaRlujisnagavsayrelze1,426,830 aSS dolari(mSenebloba)24,786 aSS dolari/weli(eqspluatacia)79770 (saS. w.)719160saqmianoba L2L 2.1nagavsayrelis gazis wvissistemis mowyoba axalngavsayrelze (noriosnagavsayreli)nagavsayreli gazis wvissistemis mSenebloba daamoqmedeba noriosnagavsayrelzeekonomikuripolitikissaagento, Tbilisismeria2012-2020 12 mln evrosul 270810142500142500 (2020 wlis)7427707427701. es gamoTvlebi Catarda imis daSvebiT, rom ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegi Tavs iCens 2012 wlidan.2. gaTvaliswinebulia gamoyofili meTanis sruli CaWera.3. wvis Sedegad emisiis Semcirebis gamoTvla Catarda Semdegi formuliT: ER (in t CO2e) =X (CH4) x 21 – X(CH4) x 44/16 (CO2 wvis Semdeg); X aris CaWerili meTanis raodenoba4. yvela gamoTvlebi gakeTda zomierad mSrali klimatisTvis.139

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>4.4. qmedebebis aRweraTbilisis axali municipaluri nagavsayreli norioSi 2011 wels SevidaeqspluataciaSi. igi aRWurvilia ganTavsebuli narCenebis siRrmeSi wlebismanZilze warmoqmnili meTanis CaWeris sistemiT. am nagavsayrelidanwarmoqmnili meTanis moculoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros yovelwliuriemisiis maCveneblebiT, romelTa gamoTvla xdeba IPCC narCenebis modelissaSualebiT (ix. sabaziso emisiis maCveneblebi). saerTod, SesaZlebelianagavsayrelidan warmoqmnili mTeli meTanis CaWera da misi gamoyenebaenergiis misaRebad. unda aRiniSnos, rom gamoTvlili sabaziso emisiismaCveneblebi asaxavs Tbilisis yvela nagavsayrelis mdgomareobas.dResdReobiT, yvela sxva nagavsayreli, axlis garda (norio) daxurulia. amobieqtebidan grZeldeba meTanis gamoyofa da es sabaziso gaTvlebSigaTvaliswinebulia. magram meTanis CaWera mizanSewonilia noriosnagavsayrelze, radgan aq saWiro mowyobiloba gaTvalsiwinebulia daxarjic naklebi iqneba. danarCen, daxurul nagavsayrelebze meTanis wvismeTodis gamoyeneba ufro mizanSewonili iqneba, maSin roca norioSisaqarTveloSi pirvelad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes meTanis CaWeris proeqti.Tumca, gazis gamoyofa iwyeba garkveuli periodis (rogorc miRebulia, 6Tvis) gavlis Semdeg. CaWerili gazis odenobis gamosaTvlelad undagaviTvaliswinoT sxva pirobebic (siRrme, marTvis detalebi, Semadgenloba -gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebi), magram es meTanis mudmivad mzardi odenobaiqneba da winaswari gaTvlebiT 2020 wlisTvis igi 10 aTas tona/CH 4 -smiaRwevs.CanarTi 1: Tbilisis nagavsayrelebidan meTanis wva/CaWerasaqmianoba L1 – nagavsayrelis gazis wva daxuruli nagavsayrelebidan(gldani 2 da iaRluja)L 1.1 – nagavsayrelis gazis Segrovebisa da wvis sistemis mSenebloba daamoqmedeba gldani 2 nagavsayrelzegazis Semgrovebeli sistema Sedgeba vertikaluri Semgrovebeli xvrelebisgan,gazis Semkrebi milebisgan, gazis CamWerebisgan, hermetuli fenisgan, gazisSesagrovebeli avzebisgan, sazomi xelsawyoebisgan da saqSenebisgan. am proeqtiswvis sistemas aqvs 0.995 efeqturobis mqone Cadgmuli sawvavi mowyobiloba.L1.2 - nagavsayrelis gazis Segrovebisa da wvis sistemis mSenebloba daamoqmedeba iaglujis nagavsayrelze.gazis Semgrovebeli sistema Sedgeba vertikaluri Semgrovebeli xvrelebisgan,gazis Semkrebi milebisgan, gazis CamWerebisgan, hermetuli fenisgan, gazisSesagrovebeli avzebisgan, sazomi xelsawyoebisgan da saqSenebisgan. am proeqtiswvis sistemas aqvs 0.995 efeqturobis mqone Cadgmuli sawvavi mowyobiloba..140

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>saqmianoba L2 - nagavsayrelis gazis wvis sistemis mSenebloba da amoqmedebanorios nagavsayrelze :nagavsayreli aRWurvilia gazis Semgrovebeli sistemiT (milebi) dakoleqtoris miliT. damatebiTi mowyobiloba unda Seicavdes, meTanisSemkreb avzebs, gazis Sesagrovebel moculobebs, gamzom xelsawyoebs danarCeni gazis wvis sistemas.L3 - nagavsayrelis gazis CamWeri sistema axal nagavsayrelze (norio)L3.1 - nagavsayrelis gazis CamWeri sistemis mSenebloba da amoqmedebanorioSi: nagavsayreli aRWurvilia gazis Semgrovebeli sistemiT (milebi)da koleqtoris miliT. sistema unda iTvaliswinebdes CaWerili gazisgamoyenebas (Sida moxmareba, eleqtroenergiis an siTbos gamomuSaveba,transportSi gamoyeneba da sxv.) da damatebiT mowyobilobas gazissaboloo moxmarebis mixedviT (meTanis avzebi, gazis Sesagrovebeli,gamzomi mowyobiloba, narCeni gazis wva da sxv). sistemis amoqmedebagulisxmobs mowyobilobaTa Semowmebas da sistemis gamarTulifunqcionirebis uzrunvelyofas misTvis daproeqtebuli simZlavriT.141

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>5. naxmari wylebi5.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebisaqarTvelos mTavrobam saxewlmwifo doneze SeimuSava 2009 welsmomzadebuli wyalmomaragebisa da naxmari wylebis seqtoris<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> politikis dRis wesrigi. dokumentSi naTlad xazgasmuliainfrastruqturisa da momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, xarjebisSemcireba, wyalmomaragebis regionaluri kompaniebis safinansomdgomareoba da operatiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda, moTxovnis marTvawylis kargvis SemcirebiT, momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba xelmokle dasocialurad daucveli ojaxebisTvis da seqtoris marTva TanamedrovemarTvis sistemebis gamoyenebiT – marTvis sainformacio sistema dageografiuli sainformacio sistemebi. 64IX TavSi, Tbilisis strategiuli <strong>gegma</strong> adgilobriv donezegansazRvravs seqtoris infrastruqturis prioritetebs, kerZod, qalaqiswyalmomaragebis sistemis (muxli 11) da kanalizaciis /naxmari wylebissistemis marTvas (muxli 12). es ukanaskneli iTvaliswinebs qalaqiskanalizaciis sistemis gaumjobesebas, damatebiTi koleqtorebismSeneblobas da Tbilisi-rusTavis regionaluri naxmari wylebisgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis modernizacias (gardabanis naxmari wylebisgadamamuSavebeli qarxana).dResdReobiT Tbilisisa da misi mimdebare raionebis sasmeliwyliT momaragebasa da naxmari wylebis marTvaze pasuxismgebelia keZokompania “saqarTvelos wyali da energia” (GWP). kompania emsaxurebadaaxloebiT 400,000 momxmarebels qalaqSi, saidanc 2,000 sabiujetoorganizaciaa, 15,000 - komerciuli obieqti, da danarCeni - mosaxleoba. 65amJamad, Tbilisis sadrenaJo sistemis mTliani sigrZe 1600 km-ia da igiaRWurvilia 150- 1200 mm diametris milebiT. naxmari wylebi kanalizaciismilebiT gardabnis gadamamuSavebel qarxanaSi miedineba.gardabnis qarxana aSenda1986 wels rogorc meqanikur-biologiurigadamuSavebis qarxana, romlis simZlavrea 1.0 milioni kuburi metridReSi. 66 qarxnis proeqti iTvaliswinebs 3-safexuriani gadamuSavebisprocess:• uxeSi meqanikuri da pirveladi damuSaveba64 aziis <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> banki. saqarTvelo: urbanuli wyalmomaragebis sistemis<strong>ganviTarebis</strong>a da sanitaruli seqtoris strategia da maregulirebeli struqturasaqarTvelosTvis, 201065 http://www.georgianwater.com66 http://www.georgianwater.com142

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>• aerobuli/biologiuri damuSaveba• meoradi gadamuSavebaTumca, amJamad igi mxolod uxeSi meqnikuri damuSavebnisa da gawmendisoperaciebs asrulebs. biologiuri gadamuSavebisTvis, rac moicavsnitratebisa da fosforis Semcvelobis Semcirebas, aucilebelia qarxnissruli reabilitacia da modernizacia.qarxnis funqcionirebis sqemaActual Functioning Scheme of the PlantpirveladiPrimaryseparatorebi aerotankisettlersSecondarymeoradiAerotankseparatorebisettlersnaleqis Sludge koleqtoricollectornaleqisrezerv Sludgeponds uariMethane tankmeTanis rezervuariGasgazisholders SemgroovebelisaqvabeBoilernax 40: gardabnis naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnis funqcionirebissqemaqarxana weliwadSi iRebs daaxolebiT 210-225 mln m3 naxmar wyals(2005), romelic Sedgeba municipaluri (97%) da industriuli (“azotis”qimiuri qarxnidan miRebuli) naxmari wylebisgan. foladis da betonisgandamzadebuli eqvsi cilindruli rezervuari, romlebic fizikuradarsebobs, arasodes funqcionirebda. naxmari wyali grovdeba RiarezervuarebSi, romlebic erTmaneTis miyolebiT ivseba da daqanebissaSualebiT drenaJs ganicdis. winaswari gamoTvlebis Tanaxmad, sufTa<strong>ganviTarebis</strong> meqanizmis farglebSi SemoTavazebuli proeqtisganxorcielebis Sedegad SesaZlebeli iqneba dReSi 13.3 tona CH4-isgamomuSaveba. Eemisiis Semcirebis potenciali Sefasda, rogorc 74,380 tonaCO2-is eqv.weliwadSi. 6767 gardabnis wyalgadamamuSavebeli qarxanis reabilitaciis proeqti. medea inaSvili. Ekonferencia - evropis daxmarebis proeqti/1523/C/SV/Multi-Lot No.2 somxeTis, Aazerbaijanis,saqarTvelosa da moldovas teqnikuris daxmarebis proeqti “globaluri klimatis cvlilebTandakavSirebiT maTi valdebulebis Sesrulebis mizniT”. baTumi, saqarTvelo, 1-2 ivnisi 2006143

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Proposed proeqtiT Project SemoTavazebuli Activity saqmianoba – Methane – Capture meTanisand Segroveba Electricity da eleqtroenergiis Generation for generacia Self-UsepirveladiPrimaryseparatorebi settlersaerotanki Secondary meoradiAerotankseparatorebisettlerskompaqtori CompactorgadamamuSavDigesterebeligazisGasdamWereholdersbimeqanikuri Mechanicalgasauwylovebeli dewateringNnaleqisSludgerezervuaripondskompaqtori Compactorsaqvabe BoilerFlare wvanax 41: gardabnis naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnisTvis SemoTavazebulisqemaSemoTavazebuli proeqtis saqmianoba moicavs naxmari wylebisa danaleqis gadamamuSavebeli totebis reabilitacias, anu karbonirebisrezervuaris aRdgenas (naxmari wylebis meoradi gadamuSaveba) da meTanisrezervuaris dasrulebas daleqili WuWyis gadamuSavebisTvis. gardaamisa, unda damontaJdes Segrovili gazis (meTanis) SemdgomiutilizaciisTvis saWiro blokebi gadamamuSavebelSi da pirveladi dameoradi gadamuSavebidan darCenili naleqis kompaqtorebi. 685.2. saTburis gazebis emisiis sabaziso done da tradiciulibiznesis gziT (BAU) <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> scenari naxmari wylebisgadamuSavebis seqtorSisaTburis gazebis emisia naxmari wylebidansaTburis gazebis emisia naxmari wylebidan moicavs meTanisa daN2O-s emisias. IPCC saxelmZRvanelo dokumentis (GL) Tanaxmadsayofacxovrebo da komerciuli naxmari wylebi calcalkea ganixileba,romelTagan meTans ZiriTadad sayofacxovrebo wylebi Seicavs.saTburis gazebis emisiis Sefasebis meTodologia68 gardabnis wyalgadamamuSavebeli qarxanis reabilitaciis proeqti “sufTa <strong>ganviTarebis</strong>meqanizmis” farglebSi, 2006144

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>IPCC saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia naxmari wylebidan gamoyofilimeTanis da kanalizaciis wylebidan gamoyofili N2O-s gamoTvlismeTodologia. meTodi dafuZnebulia koleqtorTan mierTebulimosaxleobis raodenobaze. erTaderTi saqmianobis monacemi, romelsacgaremos dacvis saministro gvawvdis yovelwliurad, aris naxmariwylebis moculoba da masSi biologiuri Jangbadis danamatisSemcveloba. azotis arsebuli Semcvelobis monacemebi ar arisxelmisawvdomi. amdenad, arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT SesaZlebelianaxmari wylebidan mxolod meTanis emisiis Sefaseba.meTanis emisiaIPCC-is meTodologia Cvens SemTxvevaSi emisiis pirdapirigamoTvlisTvis mTlianad Sesaferisi ar aris. misi gamoyeneba SeiZlebagamosaTvleli cxrilebis gamoyenebiT, romelTa modifikaciaSesaZlebeli iqneba konkretul momentSi xelmisawvdomi monacemebismixedviT. Tumca, CH4-is emis gamosaTvlelad SeiZleba gamoviyenoTmodelSi mocemuli parametrebis standartuli koeficientebi.meTanis emisia aris warmoqmnili organuli narCenebisa da emisiisfaqtoris funqcia, romelic gansazRvravs am narCenebis mier CH4-isgamoyofis xarisxs. am kategoriidan CH4 -is warmoqmnis dasadgenad samimeTodi arsebobs. monacemebis xelmisawvdomobidan gamomdinare SerCeuliqna me-2 meTodi, romelic ZiriTadad qveynisTvis damaxasiaTebelstandartul sidideebs iTvaliswinebs. meTanis gamoTvla yoveliwlisTvis xdeba wlis ganmavlobaSi mTliani potencialis realizaciisgaTvaliswinebiT.gamoTvlebiCH4-is emisiis gamoTvla warmoebs daSladi organuli nivTierebisraodenobis safuZvelze, romelsac naxmari wyali Seicavs. es parametriSetanilia saqmianobis monacemTa formulaSi (2006 wlis IPCC GLs) da masakldeba gadamuSavebis Semdeg gamoclili naleqi da energiis miRebismizniT CaWerili meTani. Tumca, es ori sidide Cvens SemTxvevaSi arganixileba, radgan naleqi rCeba rezervuarebSi da arc meTanis CaWerajer-jerobiT ar mimdinareobs saqarTveloSi. amdenad, gamoTvla xdebamTliani nakadisTvis – naxmari wylebi da WuWyis naleqi erTad. mTlianidaSladi organuli nivTiereba gamoiTvleba, rogorc mTliani BOD(biologiuri Jangbadis moTxovna, kg) weliwadSi. 2006 wlis IPCC GLs-ismier mowodebuli formula:emisia=saqmianobis monacemebi (mosaxleoba x BOD/sulze/w) x emisiisfaqtorze,145

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>moicavs mosaxleobis raodenobas da BOD –s erT sul mosaxlezesaqmianobis monacemebis gamosaTvlelad. magram Tbilisis SemTxvevaSi,cnobili ar aris mosaxleobis raodenoba, romelsac emsaxurebakoleqtori da gamosaTvleli formula icvleba saqmianobismonacemebisTvis xelmisawvdomi monacemebis mixedviT. masSi Sedis BOD –iskoncentracia (kg/m3) da mTliani naxmari wylebis moculoba:AD=BOD/m3/weli x moculoba (m3)gardabnis naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebel qarxanaSi grovdebanaxmari wylebi sayofacxovrebo da komerciuli saqminobis wyaroebidan.amdenad, gamoTvlebisTvis SerCeuli parametri BOD Seesabameba GL-ismniSvnelobas sayofacxovrebo da komerciul saqmianobaSi naxmariwylebisTvis da ara samrewvelo saqmianobaSi naxmari wylebisTvisrekomendebuli COD-is mniSvnelobas (qimiuri Jangbadis moTxovna).naxmari wylebis moculoba da biologiuri Jangbadis moTxovnagamoTvlebis sawyisi monacemebia da isini gansazRvraven naxmari wlebidanmeTanis warmoqmnis potencials; sxva parametrebi aRebulia 2006 IPCC GLsstandartuli monacemebidan qveynis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. garemosdacvis saministrosTvis miwodebuli monacemebi dayofil iqna ornawilad: 1) Segrovili naxmari wylebis moculoba (“saqarTvelos wylisada <strong>energetikis</strong>” kompaniis mier mowodebuli monacemebi) da 2)gadamuSavebis Semdeg qarxnidan gamosuli naxmari wylebis biologiuriJangbadis moTxovna (Tavad qarxnidan miRebuli monacemebi). zogjer amukanasknelsac “saqarTvelos wylisa da <strong>energetikis</strong> kompania” iZleva.amdenad, biologiuri Jangbadis moTxovnis koncentraciis Sesaxebmsjeloba SesaZlebelia am sidideebze dayrdnobiT. arasruli wyvtilida arasakmarisi monacemebis aRsadgenad gamoyenebul iqna interpolaciismeTodi. sawyisi monacemebis aRdgena Catarda sawyis da saboloomonacemebs Soris arsebuli proporciiT, 2005 da 2008 wlebis monacemebzedayrdnobiT.qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia sawyisi parametrebi,romlebic gamoyenebul iqna naxmari wylidan meTanis warmoqmnispotencialis Sesafaseblad.cxrili 5.1. arsebuli masalebidan miRebuli saqmianobis monacemebiwlebi moculobaSesuli(sawyisimonacemi),aTasi m3moculobagamosuli(saboloomonacemi),aTasi m3146BODD(saboloo)BOD kg/m32005 208550.00 80928 20.00 69.0BOD (sawyisi)BOD kg/m3

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2006 344443.27 133662 20.98 69.12007 354021.87 137379 21.96 72.32008 270682.59 105039 24.25 76.02009 30408.27 11800 26.80 88.22010 30686.59 11908 25.10 82.6gadamuSavebis Semdeg gamosuli naxmari wylebis moculobismaCveneblebi bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad daweuliakoleqtoris gaumarTaobis gamo, ris Sedegadac naxmari wylebismniSvnelovani nawili gadamamuSavebeli qrxnis gverdis avliT gamodis.ramdenadac bolo ori wlis monacemebis gamoyeneba arasrulyofilSedegs iZleva, gamoTvlebis dros gakeTda daSveba, rom saqmianobismonacemebi 2005 wlis maCveneblebze dabali ar unda iyos imisgaTvaliswinebiT, rom wlidan wlamde gzebis saremonto samuSaoebTanerTad koleqtori farTovdeba, izrdeba naxmari wylebis moculoba dakoleqtoris gaumarTaoba axlo momavalSi gamoswordeba.am mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT naxmari wylebis moculoba 2008-2020wlebisTvis gamoTvlil iqna 2008 wlamde maTi moculobis saSualozradze dayrdnobiT. Tumca ar gaTvaliswinebula gardabniswyalgadamamuSavebel qarxanaSi Semavali naxmari wylebis moculobiskleba koleqtoris teqnikuri problemebis gamo, radgan idulisxmeboda,rom igi SekeTdeba da qarxana uzrunvelyofs qalaqis naxmari wylebismTliani moculobis miRebas. koleqtoris gafarToeba argagviTvaliswinebia, radgan mflobeli kompaniis samomavlo gegmebiCvenTvis ucnobia. biologiuri Jangbadis moTxovnis koncentraciismaCvenebli 2011-2020 wlebisTvis gasuli wlis saSualo monacemiTganisazRvra. es konservatiuli mosazrebaa.emisiis faqtori EF ganzomilebiT kg CH 4 /kg BOD-ze gamoiTvleba rogorc- meTanis warmoSobis maqsimaluri moculobis parametris (Bo) namravlimeTanis konversis faqtorsa (MCF) da T koeficientze, romelic gamodevniskalapotis anu gadamuSavebis xarisxis maxasiaTebelia (Cvens SemTxvevaSimiRebul iqna 1-is tolad).EF=Bo x MCF x T.am parametrebis mniSvnelobebi SerCeul iqna qveynis specifikisgaTvaliswinebiT GL saxelmZRvanelo dokumentSi mocemulistandartuli mniSvnelobebidan. yvela emisiis faqtori drois yvelaperiodisTvis identurad gamoiyeneba.qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi moyvanilia gamoTvlebis Sedegebi,romlebic miRebul iqna SerCeuli mniSvnelobebiT yvela parametriserTad gamoyenebiT:147

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 5.2. naxmari wylebidan CH4 –is emisiis parametrebi da maTi dasabuTeba.gamoTvlebis SedegebSi dasaSvebia SesworebaTa Setana.# parametri/koeficientiemisiis faqtori (EF)1. MCF 0.3 “centralizebuli aerobuligadamamuSavebeli qarxnis”standartuli mniSvnelobamniSvneloba aRwera/dasabuTeba gamoyenebulimasala2. Bo 0.6 kgCH4/ kg BOD standartuli koeficientisayofacxovrebo naxmariwylebisTvis3. T (gadamuSavebisutilizaciisxarisxi)4. EF=Bo x T x MCF5. BODkoncentracia6 naxmari wylebismoculoba(wliuri)7. kanalizaciismilebSiCaRvriliindustriuliBOD koreqciisfaqtori (I)8. AD = BOD xmoculoba x I0.90* standartuli mniSvnelobaruseTisTvis, romelic -yvelaze axlosaa saqarTvelosSemTxvevasTansaqmianobis monacemebi (2005)69 kg/m3 gazomili208,55 mln m3 gazomili0.125 2006 wlis IPCC–is GL-iTrekomendebulistandartuli koeficientikanalizaciaSi CaRvrilisamrewvelo BOD –Tviscxrili 6.3, 2006IPCC GLs, (2007)cxrili 6.2, 2006IPCC GLs, (2007)cxrili 6.5, 2006IPCC GLs, (2007)toloba 6.3 daSemdgomi teqstigv. 6.13-6.14sabaziso emisiaqvemoT mocemulia sabaziso emisiis cxrili da grafiki:cxrili 5.3. Tbilisis naxmari wylebidan meTanis emisiis sabaziso maCveneblebi.wlebinaxmariwylebismoculoba(m3)BODkoncentracia(kg/m3)parametri Ikombinirebuliemisiisfaqtori ( EF)(0.3*0.6)meTanisemisia (t)meTanis emisia(t CO2eqv.)2005 208550.00 69.00* 1.25 0.18 3237.74 67992.52006 344443.27 69.07* 1.25 0.18 5352.63 112405.12007 354021.87 72.29* 1.25 0.18 5758.46 120927.6148

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>2008 363867.22** 76.00* 1.25 0.18 6222.13 130664.72009 373986.37** 88.23* 1.25 0.18 7423.94 155902.72010 384386.93** 82.63** 1.25 0.18 7146.38 150074.02011 395076.73** 76.2 1.25 0.18 6773.59 142245.42012 406063.81** 76.2 1.25 0.18 6961.96 146201.22013 417356.45** 76.2 1.25 0.18 7155.58 150267.12014 428963.13** 76.2 1.25 0.18 7354.57 154446.02015 440892.60** 76.2 1.25 0.18 7559.10 158741.22016 453153.82** 76.2 1.25 0.18 7769.32 163155.82017 465756.03** 76.2 1.25 0.18 7985.39 167693.12018 478708.70** 76.2 1.25 0.18 8207.46 172356.72019 492021.59** 76.2 1.25 0.18 8435.71 177149.92020 505704.71** 76.2 1.25 0.18 8670.31 182076.5* realuri sidideebi; BOD-is danarCeni koncentraciisTvis aRebulia maTi saSualo maCvenebli;**koeficientebis gaTvla/koreqtireba xdeba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom naxmari wylebis moculoba2005-2007ww. saSualo zrdis proporciulad gaizrdeba. es daSveba gakeTda koleqtorisgaumarTaobiT gamowveuli Secdomebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.qvemoT mocemulia Sesabamisi grafiki (meTanis emisia tonobiT):meTanis emisia tonebSinax 42: CH4 emisia tonobiTSeniSvna: midgoma, meTodologia, monacemebi da prognozirebisasmiRebuli daSvebebi SeiZleba Seicvalos axali informaciis mopovebasTanerTad da qarxnis mflobeli kompaniis reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebuligegmebis mixedviT.N2O emisia naxmari wylebidanN2O–is emisiis gamosaTvlelad IPCC GLs–Si umartivesi meTodiamowodebuli: mxolod mosaxleobis kanalizaciis wlebidan. gardabniswyalgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis SemTxveaSi, es meTodi mTladmizanSewonili ar aris, radgan iq gadamuSavebuli wyali mniSvnelovani149

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>odenobiT Seicavs qimiuri qarxnidan gamosul azots. amdenad,SemoTavazebuli formula ar SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli.N2O emisiiis gamoTvla SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tunaxmar wylebSi azotis Semcvelobac gaizomeba. qarxanaSi arsebulilaboratoria aRWurvilia mxolod biologiuri Jangbadis moTxovniskoncentraciis sazomi mowyobilobiT. aucilebelia obieqtze azotisgazomvis danergvac.CH4 –isa da N2O-is emisiis Sekreba (CO2 eqvivalentSi) toli iqnebaTbilisis naxmari wylebidan saTburis gazebis mTliani emisiisa.narCenebis wvasaqarTveloSi iwveba mxolod samedicino narCenebi. Tbilisiskompania “eqspres diagnostika” flobs am saqmianobis licenzias, agrovebsbiologiur/samedicino narCenebs saavadmyofoebidan da wvavs maTspecialur danadgarSi 300 0 C temperaturaze, xolo ferfli iyrebakanalizaciis sistemaSi, romelSic Sedis, rogorc “inertuli” kategoria.narCenebis wva Cveulebriv warmoqmnis 3 saTburis gazs, esenia: CO2,CH4 da N2O. IPCC GLs -is mixedviT, CO2-is gamoTvla warmoebs damwvarnarCenebSi wiaRiseuli warmoSobis naxSirbadis Semcvelobis safuZvelze,wvis Sedegad CH4 -is da N2O –is emisia miiCneva umniSvnelod dagamoiTvleba standartuli koeficientebis mixedviT. Ees gamoyofilgazebSi CH4 da N2O gazomvis karg praqtikad miiCneva (mag. iaponiissaTburis gazebis inventarizacia).aqamde CvenTvis ucnobia TbilisSi yovelwliurad damwvarisamedicino narCenebis odenoba. emisiis gansazRvra damokidebuliakompaniis angariSgebasa da maTi monacemebis xelmisawvdomobaze,romlebic aucilebelia saimedo gamoTvlebis Sesasruleblad(sdantartuli emisiis faqtorebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic ki). amwyarodan gamoyofili saTburis gazebis ugulebelyofa dauSvebelia,radgan SesaZlebelia maTi CaWera da gamoyeneba energiis misaRebad, racaprobirebuli zogierT qveyanaSi.150

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>5.3. <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> naxmari wylebis gadamuSavebis seqtorisTvisseqtorebi dasaqmianobissferonaxmari wylebisgadamuSavebasaqmianoba WW1WW 1.1WW 1.2saqmianoba WW2WW 2.1WW 2.2ZiriTadi RonisZiebebisaqmianobis sferoebSiqarxnis sruli reabilitaciadaproeqtebuli simZlavrismisaRwevadkoleqtoris gafarToebadaproeqtebuligamtarunarianobamdemeore da mesame gadamuSavebisdanadgarebis aRdgenasaeqspluatacio donemdemeoradi gadamuSavebisdanadgaris aRdgena (meTanisrezervuari, septiki), gazisCaWera da utilizacia(TviTmoxmarebis, gayidvis anwvis mizniT)qarxnis meoradigadamuSavebis danadgarebis(meTanis rezervuari, septiki,aeraciis baki) inspeqtireba daSemowmeba /reabilitaciaqarxnis meoradigadamuSavebis danadgarebiseqspluataciapasuxismgebelidepartamenti,piri ankompania [imSemTxvevaSiTu CarTuliamesame mxare]TbilisismeriisekonomikuripolitikissaagentoTbilisismeriisekonomikuripolitikissaagentoganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]2012-20202013-2020TiToeuliRonisZiebisRirebuleba20 mln aSSdolari10 mln aSSdolarisul: 163 870TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneliCO2–isSemcireba[t/w]163870*CO2–is Semcirebiswinaswar dasaxuliraodenobrivimaCvenebeliseqtorisTvis2020 wlisTvis [t]1310950*daSveba: meTanis CaWeris efeqturoba aris 90%; **daSveba: axali teqnologiebis efeqturoba ufro maRalia. Aam SemTxvevaSiCaWeris efeqturobad aRebulia 99%.151

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>5.4. qmedebebis aRweragardabnis naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebel qarxanas saTburis gazebisemisiis Semcirebis didi potenciali aqvs meTanisa da N2O-s CaWeris gziT.es ukanaskneli cota Sori perspeqtivaa, magram meTanis CaWera adviladaaSesaZlebeli. wyalgadamamuSavebel qarxanas gaaCnia meoradigadamuSavebis danadgarebi da meTanis rezervuarebi, romlebicdaproeqtebuli iyo meTanis generaciisa da Semdgom meTanis damWerebSimisi SenaxvisaTvis. RonisZieba SeiZleba moicavdes mowyobilobisSemowmebas da Semdgom reabilitacias (an ganaxlebas). damatebiTi mogebismiReba SesaZlebelia meoradi damuSavebidan/meTanis CaWeridan miRebulinaleqis kompostirebiT; meTangamoclili naleqis mSrali masa SeiZlebadakompostdes da gamoyenebul iqnas soflis meurneobaSi azotis Semcvelsasuqad. amJamad, naxmari wylebidan meTanis miRebis potenciali SeadgensweliwadSi 7000 t CH 4, rac utoldeba weliwadSi 147,000 t CO2–is eqv, anukarbon kredits, romlis 1 erTeulis fasi bazarze daaxloebiT 12 evroa.saqmianoba WW 1, variantebi (a) da (b): naxmari wylebis gadamamuSavebeliqarxnis reabilitaciaa) qarxnis nawilobrivi reabilitacia miznad isaxavs meoradi da mesamerigis gadamuSavebis danergvas; es moiTxovs mowyobilobaTa Semowmebas dagadawyvetilebis miRebas Semdeg sakiTxze: saremonto samuSaoebisCatareba ufro mizanSewonilia, Tu modernizacia – axali danadgarebisyidva, rogoricaa, meTanis rezervuari, aeraciis sistema, gazis damWerebi.qarxana aris Zveli, sabWoTa standartebiT aSenebuli, ramac saqmeSeiZleba gaarTulos. ganaxlebuli qarxana uzrunvelyofs naxmariwylebidan meTanis CaWeras, rac meoradi gadmuSavebis Sedegia. CaWerilimeTani dagrovdeba gazis damWerebSi da Semdeg gamoyenebuli iqneba Sidaan gare miznebisaTvis; b) sruli reabilitacia moicavs qarxnisrekonstruqcias daproeqtebul simZlavremde, rac gulisxmobskoleqtoris gamarTvas. amJamad, igi iRebs naxmari wylebis daproqtebulimoculobis mxolod nawils; RonisZiebis Tanaxmad, koleqtorze moxdebaaxali milsadenebis mierTeba, rac uzrunvelyofs mis srulyofilmuSaobas saproeqto moculobiT. am versiis ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovandafinansebas moiTxovs da garkveul sakanonmdeblo / sagadasaxadomxardaWerasac.saqmianoba WW 2: qarxnis modernizacia, rac gulisxmobs SemdegRonisZiebebs: modernizacia Tanamedrove standartebis mixedviT, axalinawilebisa da mowyobilobaTa Sesyidva da Zvelebis axliT Canacvleba. esSecvlis qarxnis struqturas da danergavs axal, Tanamedroveteqnologiebs qarxanaSi, meTanis CaWeris CaTvliT. CaWerili meTani152

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>Seinaxeba gazis damWer konteinerebSi da moxdeba misi moxmareba angayidva. naxmari wylis gadamuSavebidan darCenili naleqi SeiZlebadakompostdes da gamoyenebul iqnas soflis meurneobaSi sasuqis saxiT anganTavsdes nagavsayrelze.samedicino narCenebis wviT gamowveuli emisiis Semcirebis RonisZiebanarCenebis wva emisiisa da energiis mniSvnelovani wyaroa mravalqveyanaSi. saqarTveloSi narCenebis wvis praqtika gavrcelebuli ar arisda dResdReobiT mxolod samedicino narCenebi iwveba. TbilisSi arisSenoba, sadac xdeba yvela saavadmyofodan mitanili narCenebis wva.Tbilisis samedicino narCenebis statistikac garkveulwiladxelmisawvdomia (3,379,869 kg weliwadSi), magram moiTxovs dazustebas.samedicino narCenebis wviT gamowveuli emisiis Semcireba miznad undaisaxavdes miRebuli energiis gamoyenebas <strong>energetikis</strong> seqtorSi.gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva qveynebis gamocdileba (Sveicaria, TurqeTi). amRonisZiebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri momgebianoba damokidebulia sawvavimowyobilobis teqnikur parametrebsa da dasawvavi masalis monacemebze(samedicino narCenis raodenoba, Semadgenloba, sxva fizikuri pirobebi),romelTa Seswavlac mimdinareobs.CanarTi 2: samedicino narCenis wviT gamowveuli emisiis Semcireba6.qalaqis gamwvanebis seqtori6.1. arsebuli mdgomareoba da momavlis tendenciebi2009 wels Tbilisis meriaSi Seiqmna specialuri samsaxuri -ekologiisa da gamwvanebis ganyofileba, romlis mizani qalaqisgamwvaneba da garemos ekologiuri mdgomareobis monitoringia.ganisazRvra am seqtoris prioritetebi da ganxorcielda konkretuliRonisZiebebi SenobebiT gajerebul adgilebSi mwvane zonebis wilisgasazrdelad, rac xels Seuwyobs qalaqSi janmrTeli garemos Seqmnas dawvane mcenareTa ekologiuri balansis aRdgenas da SenarCunebas.aTi wlis win qalaqis ekologiuri mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnadgauaresda – ganadgurda tyeebi (xeebis ukontrolo Wra da xanZrebimTawmindaze), parkebs, mwvane skverebsa da istoriul mcenareebssaTanadod ar uvlidnen da xSirad azianebdnen. qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi153

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>warmodgenilia Tbilisis mwvane zonebis zogadi mdgomareoba 1999wlisTvis 69 :cxrili 6.1. Tbilisis mwvane adgilebi. 1999raionebiparkebi, gaxsnisTariRifarTobi(heqtari)zogadiinformacianaZaladevi,gldanididubemTawmindavake,saburTalo'”TbilisiszRvis” parki,195147 (140Tavidan)20.2 mwvane zona - 39 heqtari; gzebi daskverebi 7.5 ha; mSeneblobebi daSenobebi 2 ha.; dazianebulia mwvanesafari, sarwyavi wylis naklebobakikviZis parki, 0.11 mwvane zona - 9 ha, gzebi da skverebi19360.7 ha; Senobebi - 1.3 ha.avWalis parki 3.5 ar aris mowyobilimuSTaidis 4.5, 1.7 10.2 mwvane zonebi - 2.3; mSenebloba daparki da oriSenobebi 2.6; gadatvirTuliabaRi, me-19saukunemTawmindisparki, 1938vera (1898) da 9aprilis parki(1865-81)1.16 9.2 mwvane zonebi - 2.3 ha; gzebi daskverebi 1.6 ha; mSenebloba daSenobebi 2 ha; nargavebi Zveli da17.5mosax-leoba(mTlianiraodenobis%)dazianebulia, ar arsebobs sarwyaviwyalimWidrod dasaxlebulia,gadatvirTulia gansakuTrebiTzafxulSivakis parki, 1945 0.35 0.2 mwvane zona - 29 ha, gzebi daskverebi 6 ha, Senobebi 0.2 ha;sairigacio sistema (1945) ar muSaobs;mimdebare teritoria axlos arisbunebasTan, mosaxerxebelimdebareoba aqvs, erT-erTi yvelazepopularuli dasvenebis adgilia;amJamad mimdinareobs arasasurvelimSeneblobebi; moicavs kus tbas daeTnografiul muzeums Ria cis qveS.lisis tbisparki0.6 mwvane zona - 49.5 ha, gzebi daskverebi 10 ha, Senobebi 0.5 ha.;sairigacio sistema saWiroebsrekonstruqcias; 40-50 wliani xeebigamxmaria; popularuli adgiliatbis arsebobis gamo.mwvane zonebis reabilitiacia da ganviTareba gansakuTrebulimniSvnelobis saWiroebad iqca, rasac Sedegad moyva Tbilisiis meriiserTerTi prioritetuli mimarTulebis ganxorcieleba - 56,000 saxeobis69 monacemebis wyaro:: Tbilisis meria.http://www.ceroi.net/reports/tbilisi/issues/green_areas/parks.htm154

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>wiwvovani da foTlovani mcenareebis dargva proeqtis farglebSi -“darge xe, gaamwvane qalaqi”, Seiqmna an aRdga daaxloebiT 100 mwvaneadgili. 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi dairgo 150,000 mwvane mcenare qalaqissxvadasxva adgilebSi. VI TavSi – Tbilisis landSaftis garemos dacvisada ganviaTrebis strategiuli <strong>gegma</strong> – CamoTvlilia am seqtorisprioritetebi.sur 10: proeqti “darge xe, gaamwvane qalqi”gamwvanebis ganyofilebis erTerTi mTavari amocana “ekologiurikunZulebis Seqmnaa”, sadac moqalaqeebi daisveneben daZabuli samuSaosdRis Semdeg, Tavs daaRweven zafxulis sicxes, gaaseirneben bavSvebs, daa.S. unda aRiniSnos, rom bolo erTi wlis manZilze ganaxlda 30 skveri,gamwvanda da Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisad moewyo rekreaciulizonebi – Seiqmna yvevilebis saaTi da vertikaluri baRi. momavlis gegmebikidev ufro ambiciuria – dagegmilia :mziuris” parkis zooparkTanSeerTeba da Tbilisis centrSi erTi didi masiuri mwvane sivrcis Seqmna,romelic aRWurvili iqneba yvela aucilebeli mowyobilobiT, raTa yvelaasakis mosaxleobisTvis iyos mimzidveli.daiwyo agreTve Tbilisis gareubnebis gamwvanebac – axal da ZvelnagavsayrelebTan axlos mdebare teritoriebi, gldani, universitetismaRlivi korpusis mimdebare teritoria (sul 90,000 ha) gamwvandeba dadaifareba parkebiTa da tyeebiT. es adgilebi dabinZuriebuli iyomunicipaluri nagviT an samSeneblo narCenebiT. moxdeba maTi dasufTavebada 10,000 erTeuli mcenaris dargva.aranakleb mniSvnelovania ukve arsebuli tyeebisa da parkebisSenarCuneba. 2010 wlis oqtomberSi miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, romlisTanaxmad Tbilisis garSemo arsebuli tyis (sul 8106.9 ha) administrirebauaxloes momavalSi qalaqis administraciis valdebuleba gaxdeba.2011 wels ekologiisa da gamwvanebis ganyofilebam unda aRadginosda ganaviTaros xudadovis tyis 3 heqtari, romelic SemdgomSi 63.5 heqtarteritoriamde gafarTovdeba. mkacri SezRudvis meqanizmebi undadainergos mwvane teritoriebze axali mSeneblobebis akrZalvis mizniT,155

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>aikrZalos ijariT an raime sxva saxiT mwvane teritoriebze farTisgamoyeneba mSeneblobis mizniT.qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia mcenareebisa da xeebisCamonaTvali, romlebic 2011 wels unda dairgos, sul 11,400 erTeuli:cxrili 6.2. 2011 wels dasargavi xeebis raodenoba saxeobebis mixedviTmcenaris tipiZrdisdasrulebamdesaWiro dro(wlebi)simaRle(min/maqs)raodenobazrdispotenciali1 wlisganmavlobaSi(%)kviparosi 5-6 150sm/250sm 1500 (piramidisformiT - 1000;horizontaluri-500)90kedari 5-6 100sm/150sm 500 85alvis xe 5-6 150sm/250sm 1000 90cacxvi 5-6 150sm/250sm 1000 90nekerCxali 5-6 150sm/250sm 500 90Tela 5-6 150sm/250sm 1000 90fiWvi 5-6 90sm/140sm 1000 90Zaxveli 3-4 70sm/100sm 300 85TeTri cacxvi 5-6 50sm/100sm 400 85zeTis xilis xe 5-6 70sm/120sm 1500 85tuia 5-6 70sm/120sm 1500 85iasamani 5-6 160sm/180sm 50 90oleandra 5-6 100sm/150sm 1000 85katanga 5-6 200sm/250sm 150 85CamoTvlili RonisZiebebi xels Seuwybs qalaqis ekosistemisgaumjobesebas da ekologiuri balansis aRdgenas, romelic dairRvaaTeuli wlis win.156

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>6.2. saTburis gazebis emisiis sabaziso done da momavlisscenari qalaqis gamwvanebis seqtorSimeTodologiaCO2FIX V 3.1 modeli gamoyenebuli iqna naxSirbadis emisiis Semcirebisa danaxSirbadis dagrovebis gamosaTvlelad tye-parkis gazrdisa daganaxlebis Sedegad. aRniSnuli modeli saSualebas iZleva SefasdesnaxSirbadis maragebi da emisiis Semcireba Carbon Accounting–is meTodissaSualebiT. modeliT gamoTvlebis Casatareblad saWiro koeficientebida monacemebi Tbilisis meriidian iqna miRebuli.naxSirbadis maragi (gamwvaneba) (tC/ha)nax. 43: naxSirbadis maragis dinamikis Sefaseba 1 heqtari nargavebidan wlebismanZilzeqvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi naCvenebia erT heqtarze tyis gaSenebisSedegad Sekvecili CO 2 da dagrovili naxSirbadi.(modeliT SesaaZlebelia gaangariSeba mxolod erT heqtarze):157

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>cxrili 6.3.: naxSirbadis dagroveba da CO 2 – is Semcireba erT heqtarzewelinaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadis sdagrovebaagamwvanebaanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadisdagrovebagamwvanebanaxSirbadi(tC/ha)CO2ekv(t/co2 ekv)wnaxSirbaditC/ha)CO2ekv(t/co2 ekv)wnaxSirbadi(tC/ha)CO2ekv(t/co2 ekv)wnaxSirbadi(tC/ha)CO2ekv(t/co2 ekv)prognozi2011 wels Tbilisis meria <strong>gegma</strong>vs sxvadasxva saxis nargavebis gaSenebasSvid heqtar miwaze. 1-el cxrilSi warmodgenili Sedegebis mixedviT, 7heqtari xe- tyis dargvis Sedegad aT weliwadSi am RonisZiebis Sedegaddagrovdeba 963.9 tona naxSirbadi da CO 2 – is emisia Seikveceba 3534.3toniT.cxrili 6.4. naxSirbadis dagroveba da CO 2 is Sekveca TbilisSi 7 ha xe-tyisdargvis Sedegadweli naxSirbadis maragi/tona CO 2 –is Sekveca/tona2015 412.02 1510.742020 963.9 3534.32030 2020.97 7410.22040 2914.59 11009.042050 3764.74 13804.14158

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>6.3. <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong> qalaqis gamwvanebis seqtorisTvisMmoqmedebis sferoZiriTadisaqmianobebi/RonisZiebebisaqmianobis sferoebSipasuxismgebelisaagentoganxorcielebisperiodi[dawyebis dadasrulebisTariRi]TiToeuliRonisZiebisRirebuleba[larSi]TiToeuliRonisZiebidanmosalodneli CO2-is Semcireba[aTasi t] 2020 wCO2-Semcirebis winaswar dasaxuliraodenobrivi maCvenebli [t]2020 wmwvane zonebi 3534.3saqmianoba P 1:P 1.1P 1.2P 1.3P 1.4saqmianoba P 2:mwvane zonebis gafarToeba“ekologiuri kunZulebis”Seqmna„mziurisa‟ da zooparkisgaerTianebaxudadovis tyis gafarToeba (63,5 ha-mde)kus tbis zonis gatyianeba 29,2haxeebis/mcenareebis dargvaTbilisisekonomikuripolitikissaagentoTbilisisekonomikuripolitikissaagento2012-20202013-20162014-20182015-2020P 2.1 150,000 mwvane nargavi 2012-2015P 2.2 10,000 xe/mcenare 2012-2013P 2.3saqmianoba P 3:P 3.1P 3.211,400 xe/mcenare (xudadovistyis 3 heqtaris CaTvliT)marTvis gaumjobeseba daregulirebaTbilisis meriis marTvaSimyofi tyeebimwvane zonebis mkacriregulirebaTbilisisekonomikuripolitikissaagento2011 3534.32012-20152012-2013sul: 3534.3159

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>6.4. qmedebebis aRwerasaqmianoba P 1: mwvane zonebis gafarToebaP 1.1- “ekologiuri kinZulebis” Seqmna: mwvane adgilebi qalaqis centrSi, sadacmoqalaqeebs SeeZlebaT dasveneba, gagrileba zafxulis cxel dReebSi. bavSvebisgaseirneba da sxv.P 1.2 – “mziurisa” da Tbilisis zooparkis gaerTianeba: mziuris parkiSeuerTdeba Tbilisis zooparks da Seiqmneba erTi didi mwvane masivi qalaqiscentrSi.P 1.3 – xudadovis tye: xudadovis tyis mTliani farTobis gazrda 66.5 heqtaramde(3 ha 2011 wels).P 1.4 – kus tbis zona: 29.2 heqtaris aRdgena.saqmianoba P 2: xeebis/mcenareebis dargvaP 2.1- 150,000 mwvane nargavi: sami wlis manZilze 150,000 mqvane nargavi undadairgas qalaqis sxvadasxva adgilebSi.P 2.2 - 10,000 erTeuli xe da nargavi: daiwyo Tbilisis gareubnebis gamwvaneba. esaris axal da Zvel nagavsayrelebTan axlos arsebuli ubnebi – gldanisa dauniversitetis maRlivi korpusis garSemo teritoriebi (90,000 ha sul),romlebic gamwvandeba da daifareba parkebiTa da tyeebiT. municipaluri dasamSeneblo narCenebiT danagvianebuli adgilebi gaiwmindeba, dasufTavdeba dadaifareba 10,000 erTeuli xiT/nargaviT.P 2.3 - 11,400 erTeuli xe da nargavi: qalaqSi unda dairgas 14 sxvadasxva tipis11,400 erTeuli xe/mcenare.saqmianoba P3 – marTvisa da regulirebis gaumjobesebaP 3.1 – Tbilisis municipalitetis marTvaSi myofi tyeebi: Tbilisis garSemoarsebuli tyeebi gadava qalaqis mmarTvelobaSiP 3.2 – mwvane zonebis marTvisa da regulaciebis gamkacreba: kontrolismeqanizmebi unda gamkacrdes, raTa aRikveTos samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebagamwvanebul teritoriebze, agreTve tyeebis ijariT gacema an maTi moWra. axlomomavalSi meti mwvane zona gadava qalaqis mmarTvelobis daqvemdebarebaSi.160

Tbilisis <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>7. eleqtroenergiis ganawilebis seqtori 70TbilisSi eleqtroenergiis ganawilebas (distribucia) axorcielebssaaqcio sazogadoeba “Telasi”. mis mier mowodebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad2008 wlis ganmavlobaSi kompaniis eleqtroenergiis danakargma 12,4%Seadgina. 71Tbilisis strategiuli gegmis VIII Tavis me-15 muxlSi gansazRvruliaeleqtroenergiis ganawilebis serqtorSi gansaxorcielebeli umTavresiRonisZiebebi. kerZod,arsebuli 6 kv –dan 10kv-ian sadistribucio qselze gadasvla, racgazrdis qselis efeqturobas erTnaxevarjer da orjer Seamcirebseleqtroenergiis danakargebs. centraluri sadistribucio wertilebissimZlavre gaizrdeba 8 mg.vatidan 12-mgvatamde;arsebuli 35 kv-dan 110kv-ian sadistrubucio qselze gadasvla;da sxva.Tbilisis municipaliteti apirebs Seitanos es seqtori qalaqis<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmis ganaxlebul versiaSi.8. gazis ganawilebis seqtori 72TbilisSi bunebrivi gazis distribucias axorcielebs Sps“yaztransgazi”. kompania emsaxureba agreTve wyneTis, oqrayanisa da diRmisdasaxlebebs. eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli qselis msgavsad, gazissadistribucio qselSic mniSvnelovani energodanakargebia. 73Tbilisis strategiuli gegmis Tanaxmad, (muxli 18, Tavi VIII), dabaliwnevis gazis sadistribucio sistema unda ASeicvalos saSualo wnevis mqonegamanawilebeli qseliT, rac mniSnelovnad Seamcirebs gazis gaJonvas.Tbilisis municipaliteti apirebs Seitanos es seqtori qalaqis<strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> gegmis ganaxlebul versiaSi.70 eleqtroenergiis sadistribucio qselSi arsebuli mdgomareobis detaluri aRwera da <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>warmodgenili iqneba <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis saboloo dokumnetSi.71 Tbilisis meriis energoefqturobis koncefciis dokumenti, 2008 w72 bunebrivi gazis sadistribucio qselSi arsebuli mdgomareobis detaluri aRwera da <strong>samoqmedo</strong> <strong>gegma</strong>warmodgenili iqneba <strong>energetikis</strong> <strong>mdgradi</strong> <strong>ganviTarebis</strong> <strong>samoqmedo</strong> gegmis saboloo dokumnetSi.73 Tbilisis meriis energoefqturobis koncefciis dokumenti, 2008 w161

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