Languages in the Caucasus - Wolfgang Schulze

Languages in the CaucasusAutochthonous languages and earlier migration languages © Wolfgang Schulze 20091. Overview NAME AFFILIATION NAME AFFILIATIONAbaza West Caucasian Karachay TurkicAbkhaz West Caucasian Karata East CaucasianAdyghej West Caucasian Khinalug East CaucasianAgul East Caucasian Khwarshi East CaucasianAkhwakh East Caucasian Kryts East CaucasianAndi East Caucasian Kurmandzhi Indo-EuropeanArchi East Caucasian Lak East CaucasianArmenian Indo-European Laz South CaucasianAwar East Caucasian Lezgi East CaucasianAysori Semitic Mingrelian South CaucasianAzeri Turkic Nogai TurkicBats East Caucasian Old Georgian (†) South CaucasianBagwalal East Caucasian Ossetian Indo-EuropeanBalqar Turkic Qumyk TurkicBezhta East Caucasian Russian Indo-EuropeanBotlikh East Caucasian Rutul East CaucasianBudukh East Caucasian Svan South CaucasianCaucasian Albanian (†) East Caucasian Tabasaran East CaucasianChamalal East Caucasian Tātī, Christian Indo-EuropeanChechen East Caucasian Tātī, Juhudo Indo-EuropeanDargi East Caucasian Tātī, Muslim Indo-EuropeanGeorgian South Caucasian Tindi East CaucasianGhoboberi East Caucasian Tolyshi Indo-EuropeanGreek Indo-European Tsakhur East CaucasianHinukh East Caucasian Tsez East CaucasianHunzib East Caucasian Trukhmen/Qarapapaq TurkicIngush East Caucasian Turkish TurkicKabardian West Caucasian Ubykh (†) West CaucasianKalmyk Mongolian Udi East Caucasian

2. Autochthonous languages2.1 South Caucasian (Kartvelian) [Dialects in italics]KartvelianOld GeorgianSvan Laz Mingrelian GeorgianLentekh: KHeled, KHopur KHopuri Zugdidi-Samurzakano: Dzhvari Northeast EastRtskhmelur, Cholor Vitzur-Arkabuli Senaki: Martvili-Bandza, Abasha Mokhevian Ingiloi (Azerb.)Lashkh Çkhala Mtiulur-Gudamaq'rian Fereidan (Iran)Upper Bal: Ushgul, Atinuri KHevsurian K'akhetianKala, Ipar, Mestia Art'aşenuri Pšavian TianetianLenzer, LatalTušetianLower Bal: Becho, Central NorthwestTskhumar, Etser, Kartlian ImeretianChbekh, Lakham, Par Dzhavakhian RachianMeshkhianLechkhumianGurianAdzharianJudeo-GeorgianImerkhevian

2.2 West Caucasian [Dialects in italics]West CaucasianAbkhaz Abaza Ubykh (†) Adyghej KabardianAbkhaz Abaza Coast Abdzekh WestAbkhaz Tapanta Subeshkh Adamey KubanAbzhui Ashkhar KHize Bzhedəgh Kuban-ZelenchukUpper Dal (†) Wardane KHatiquay CentralGumian Pskha Ch'emguy BaksanPshu (†) Sashe Mamkhəgh MalkaBzyb (Turkey) Mountain Meqwesh EastSadz Mountain Ubykh Netkhuadzh TerekSadzua Shapsəgh MozdokAbadzaYedzherquayBesleney

2.3 East Caucasian: General OverviewEast Caucasian'Old Type''New Type'Dargi Lak Nakh Khinalug Lezgian Awar Andian Tsezian

2.3.1 'Old Type' [Dialects in italics]Old TypeNakhLezgianSamurWest South EastCaucasian AlbanianDargi Lak Bats Ingush Chechen Khinalug Archi Tsakhur Rutul Kryts Budukh Udi Lezgi Agul TabasaranAkusha Shali Ploskost' Akki Tsakh Rutul Dzhek Budukh Nizh Küred Aghul DübekUrakhi Mits'qi Hajirakh Cheberloj Gel'mets Borch Alyk Yergüch Oghuz Güne Keren KHurikGudben Kumukh Ghalghaj Majsti KHnov KHaput Zinobiani Yark'i Burkikhan KHirq'anMugden Arakul Itum-Kale Kryts Q'urah Koshan Chirk'ulanTsudakhar Bartkhi Sharo Gelkhen Fite QükhrikinButri Shad Melkhi Gilig KHpük SughkanKadar Wilkhi Terloj Dokuzp. KirkanMeheb Kayali Kisti Q'urush ArkitSirkhi Ts'uwk'ul Dzhaba Q'aluq'anAmukh Kuba Nitriq'anChirakhEteganKHaytaq'Kubachi

2.3.2 'New Type' [Dialects in italics]New TypeAwar Andi Botlikh Ghoboberi Chamalal Bagwalal Tindi Karata Akhwakh Tsez Hinukh Bezhta Hunzib KhwarshiKHunzakh Up. Andi Botlikh Gigatl Kwanada Low. Tindi Karata Tsunta Tsez Bezhta KHwarshi[Bolmats'] Low. Andi Miarsu Chamalal KHushtada Up. Tindi Anchiq Tlanub Sagada KHosharkhota InkhokwarBatlukh Tlissi Ratsili TladalQ'ekh Inkhelo Turk.BezhtaAndalalSiukhAntsukhTokitaKarakhKusurZaqatal

3. Major (earlier) migration languages2. Indo-European 3. Turk:2.1 Iranian Ossetian (Northeast) 3.1 Oghuz AzeriTolyshi (Northwest)TurkishKurmandzhi (Northwest)Trukhmen/QarapapaqTātī (Southwest) Muslim 3.2 Kipchak: QumykJuhudoNogaiChristianKarachay2.2 Armenian Balqar2.3 Slavic Russian 4. Mongolian Kalmyk2.4 Greek 5. Semitic Aysori