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green pages newsletter of the department of environment & coastal resources
leads to invasion by broadleaf trees and an eventual total
and permanent takeover. Pine seedlings can’t grow in
broadleaf trees’ dense shade — but broadleaf trees can’t
take repeated ground fires like pine can. Lightning strikes
used to ignite pine yards, but the habitat’s fragmentation
from the scale insect now prevents fires from functioning
in the proper way. Controlled burns are the answer,
wherein teams of specialists prepare the ground, cut firebreaks
and expertly apply fire to the habitat in a way that
it is safe for humans and trees. The first controlled burn
in May 2012 was successful (in that there were no accidents,
escaped fires or pine trees permanently harmed)
but none of the burn team knew just how successful it
would be.
Within months of the burn, there were obvious benefits:
Saplings that had been festooned with scale insects
and stunted for years by their parasitism suddenly
flushed with new growth and quadrupled their height in
a year. The release of nutritious ash into the soil and the
reduction of broadleaf competition, coupled with scale
insects’ dislike of heat and smoke, encouraged growth.
But with mature pines all but gone there was no significant
seed production (those that remained bore cones
that remained scantily fertilized due to low pollen count
in the air) and so no recruitment. The young saplings
grew to two metres, then five, then eight and they finally
began producing cones, but seeds were still few. Caicos
pinecones can hold over 80 seeds and trees can produce
dozens of cones, but production was down to single
digits of seed per tree annually and not all were viable.
More clusters of pines grew, but there was no indication
that the habitat would be self-sustaining within the near
future.
And then, serendipitously in mid-December, which
happens to be Caicos Pine Awareness Month, a remarkable
manifestation was observed in the pine yard. During
a field trip to one of the burn plots by participants in
the collaborative DECR/Bahamas Forestry Unit’s Plant
Identification Training, something familiar caught Junel
“Flash” Blaise’s eye. Having grown hundreds of Caicos
pine seedlings in the project nursery and having rescued
dozens from unsuitable wild spots over the years, Flash’s
sense for finding tiny, newly germinated pine seedlings is
nothing short of supersensory. Under a pine tree on the
far side of Burn Plot #2, he noticed a lime-green, brushlike
seedling. With just a cursory glance around, Flash
The parent tree of the Caicos Pine seedlings, with many other young
and vigorous of its kind in the background, benefited from the 2012
controlled burn.
counted six more, including a seedling so young it only
had its first four needles. The parent tree above had been
a crippled sapling barely a foot high before the 2012
burn, but had grown into a sturdy, four metre tree with
the help of the nutritious ash. Near its crown, a cluster of
fat, chestnut-coloured cones yawned, their scales open
having dropped their seeds in October.
40 www.timespub.tc