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astrolabe newsletter of the Turks & Caicos National Museum
However, caves played an important role in Taíno
lifestyle and spiritual beliefs, and as such it is assumed
played an important role in that of the Lucayans.
Therefore, it should be no surprise that caves represent
a significant aspect of the archaeological record of the
Lucayan Islands. These caves exist in two forms, wet
(including blue holes and caves with a direct connection
to the water table) and dry. The caves contain a variety
of artifacts which have not been preserved at open sites
such as human burials, petroglyphs and pictographs,
faunal and botanical remains, and a variety of wooden
artifacts.
Lucayan rock art is found throughout the Lucayan
Islands, specifically Crooked Island, Eleuthera, Inagua,
Long Island, New Providence, Mayaguana, Rum Cay and
San Salvador (in The Bahamas) and East Caicos (in the
Turks & Caicos).
In 1912, Theodore De Booy visited a cave at
Jacksonville and described six petroglyphs, two carved
heads and a possible stone altar. However, after this visit,
this site was lost to science and eventually, the location
was lost to all.
In 2006, on an expedition by a team of scientists
working in collaboration with the TCI National Trust,
the cave was found again but they did not observe the
petroglyphs. It wasn’t until 2008 that explorer Kim
Mortimer saw them. (Details of this were published in
the Spring 2012 edition of the Astrolabe in an article by
Mark Parrish.) More recent research published by Lace
and others in the 2018 Journal of Caribbean Archaeology
describe 13 petroglyphs and included a map of their locations.
As a child growing up I loved to explore, especially the
caves throughout the islands. After arriving in the Turks
& Caicos, the caves at Jacksonville were high on my list of
places to visit and document. However, as East Caicos is
uninhabited today except for donkeys and other wildlife, I
had to find a way to get there and someone who knew the
location of the cave. Finally, in October 2019, a team led
by the Museum and consisting of local TCI explorers John
Galleymore, Agile and Daniel LeVin, Leif Erickson, Mat
Matlock (photographer) and Dr. Shaun Sullivan (archaeologist)
visited East Caicos with the primary mission of
exploring the petroglyph cave at Jacksonville.
Armed with the map created by Lace and others we
set off to find and document the petroglyphs. Privately,
Survey of rock art distribution found in Jacksonville Cave from Lace
et al. 2018.
we were also hoping to find more as the petroglyphs can
sometimes only be seen when light conditions change.
At first, they were very difficult to see, but as our eyes
adjusted to the cave light the faint carvings emerged from
the walls. We started to tick off all of the previous ones
listed by De Booy and Lace. Soon, we had counted over
20 carvings, including a row of 5 faces, a pipe, individuals
with rays and numerous anthropomorphic figures.
All petroglyphs were drawn and photographed. Both
methods were used because due to the nature of the light
in caves, sometimes photographs do not reveal them.
The main question I am asked is “What do the petroglyphs
mean?” This is difficult to answer, as we do not
always know. Some are easy to interpret, as they include
objects of everyday life (canoe paddle or pipe). Others are
more difficult to interpret, including anthropomorphic
figures (animals with human features). Were they created
over a short term by a single individual or over a long term
by multiple individuals? John Winter in 2009 wrote a summary
of petroglyphs from throughout The Bahamas and
noted they are of the Timehri type, an anthropomorphic
design first classified by Williams (1985) and named after
figures found on the Corartijn River in Suriname, part of
Times of the Islands Spring 2020 65