f. verzi—nikolas kuzanelis Txzuleba "RvTis Ziebis Sesaxeb":
f. verzi—nikolas kuzanelis Txzuleba "RvTis Ziebis Sesaxeb":
f. verzi—nikolas kuzanelis Txzuleba "RvTis Ziebis Sesaxeb":
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saitis dasawyisisken:<br />
f. <strong>verzi—nikolas</strong> <strong>kuzanelis</strong> <strong>Txzuleba</strong><br />
"<strong>RvTis</strong> <strong>Ziebis</strong> Sesaxeb":<br />
am Txzulebis erTi nawyvetis inglisuri Targmanis Sesavali<br />
1<br />
am Sesavlis qarTulad mTargnelis<br />
—niko gunias, damatebasTan erTad<br />
f. verzma (William F. Wertz) inglisurad Targmna erTi nawyveti, nikolas <strong>kuzanelis</strong><br />
1445 w. dawerili Txzulebidan "<strong>RvTis</strong> <strong>Ziebis</strong> Sesaxeb" ("On Searching For God")—<br />
gamoqveynebulia JurnalSi Fidelio, Vol. 10 No 2. Summer 2001. esaa am Targmanis<br />
Sesavali, mTargmnelis[verzis] mier dawerili. (viyenebT internet variants). (n.g)<br />
nax.1. vladimir vernadski (В.И.Вернадский/Vernadsky,<br />
1863-1945), mineralogi, geoqimikosi, filosofosi—<br />
rusuli kosmizmis erTerTi mniSvnelovani<br />
warmomadgeneli.<br />
ZiriTadad man Cauyara safuZveli moZRvrebas<br />
"samfazovani" dedamiwis—geosfero, biosfero,<br />
noosfero—Sesaxeb. vernadskis ideaTa Tanaxmad,<br />
noosferos ganviTarebas safuZvlad unda daedos:<br />
(a) sayovelTao gansaxleba dedamiwis mTel<br />
teritoriaze;<br />
(b) sayovelTao komunikacia adamianebs Soris;<br />
(g) energiis axali saxeebis Zieba da aTviseba—did<br />
mniSvnelobas aniWebda atomuri energis<br />
aTviseba, mas "sabWoTa mSvidobiani atomis<br />
mamas" uwodebdnen;<br />
(d) aucilebelia mmarTvelobaSi mTeli<br />
mosaxleobis Cabma;<br />
(e) mecnierebaSi unda monawiloebdes maqsimalurad<br />
farTo wre adamianebisa.<br />
es ideebi la-ruSis "fizikuri ekonomikis"<br />
fuZemdebluri principebis nawilia.<br />
ნახ.2. nikolas კუზანელი, Nicholas of<br />
Cusa (Nicolaus Cusanus / Nicholas of Kues /<br />
Nikolaus Krebs, 1401-64), kardinali, didi<br />
germaneli moazrovne—filosofosi da<br />
Teologi, maTematikosi.<br />
"adamiani marTlac RmerTia, magram ara<br />
savsebiT, radgan is adamiania: isaa<br />
adamianuri RmerTi. adamiani agreTve<br />
samyaroa, magram garkveuli azriT da ara<br />
yvelaferi, radgan is adamiania. ase rom,<br />
adamiani mikrokosmosia anu adamianuri<br />
samyaro. adamianis sfero wvdeba RmerTs<br />
da mTel samyaros, Tavisi adamianuri<br />
SesaZleblobebiT".<br />
nikolas kuzaneli, "On Conjectures",<br />
gamocemaSi: Philosophisch-Theologische<br />
Schiften, Vol. II (Viena: Herder & Co.,<br />
1982), p.158: (n.g)
f. verzi- nawyveti nikoloz <strong>kuzanelis</strong> ... inglisuri Targmanis Sesavlidan<br />
l indon la-ruSma,<br />
komentarebi,<br />
gaakeTa<br />
vladimer<br />
vernadskis (nax.1) 1938 wlis<br />
fuZemdebluri statiis mimarT. vernadskis am<br />
Sromis saTauria:<br />
"bioqimiis problemebi, II: biosferoSi<br />
cocxalsa da aracocxals Soris arsebuli<br />
fundamentur-energetikuli gansxvavebis<br />
Sesaxeb".<br />
am komentarebis SesavalSi la-ruSi<br />
xazss usvamda Semdegs:<br />
SeuZlebelia aracocxal bunebaSi<br />
vipovoT sicocxlis procesis mizezi, iseve<br />
rogorc cocxal procesebSi ver aRmovaCenT<br />
cnobierebis mizezebs; Tumca yovelives<br />
ganagebs sayovelTao SemoqmediTobis<br />
principi.<br />
nikolas kuzanelma (ნახ.2) ganaviTara<br />
igive argumentebi, adamianuri azrovnebis<br />
transfinituri ganwesrigebis Sesaxeb,<br />
<strong>Txzuleba</strong>Si "<strong>RvTis</strong> <strong>Ziebis</strong> Sesaxeb".<br />
am naSromSi, kuzanelma SeimuSava<br />
Tvalsazrisi, rom mxedveloba fers aZlevs<br />
sagnebs, magram Tavad moklebulia<br />
feradovnebas. Seferiloba mas SecdomaSi<br />
Semdeg kuzanels moyavs argumentebi: imis<br />
miuxedavad, rom logikur gonierebas vaRwevT<br />
inteleqtis (cnobierebis) meSveobiT, xolo<br />
Tavad inteleqti SeuZlebelia vipovoT<br />
racionaluris domenSi; TavisTavad<br />
inteleqti TvaliviTaa, xolo racionaluri—<br />
feriviT. inteleqti SeuzRudavi mxedvelobaa,<br />
kerZod is aris WeSmariti da martivi gansja<br />
yovelgvari racionaluris Sesaxeb da masSi<br />
araa araviTari minarevi racionaluris raime<br />
saxeobisa. racionaluri, arsad<br />
racionaluris mTel sferoSi, ver aRwevs<br />
inteleqtamde. Seiyvanda.ufro metic,<br />
veravin SeZlebs imzirebodes feradovanTa<br />
domenis Signidan. amdenad, ferebs Soris<br />
gansxvaveba aucilelobiT momdinareobs<br />
ufro maRali donis domenidan, e.i.<br />
mxedvelobidan. kuzanels surs dagvarwmunos,<br />
rom es sworia yvela saxis SegrZnebebis<br />
mimarT.<br />
aviTarebs ra am azrs, kuzaneli<br />
irwmuneba, rom racionaluroba aris<br />
grZnobadi samyaros meufe, inteleqti—meufe<br />
racionalurobisa, xolo RmerTi—meufe<br />
inteleqtualuri samyarosi, sinamdvileSi ki<br />
mefeTa mefe, e.i. ganurCevlad yvelafris<br />
გვ. 2<br />
nax.3. platonis «timeosi», Targmani,<br />
winasityvaoba da komentarebi<br />
baCana bregvaZisa. Tb. 1994 w.<br />
meufe da kauza. ufro metic, radgan<br />
adamianis goneba Seqmnilia Semoqmedis<br />
xatad, romelmac Seqmna mTeli samyaro,<br />
kuzaneli araerTgan wers, rom samyaros,<br />
rogorc mTelis, kanon-Sewonil<br />
ganwesrigebas {lawful order} SeiZleba CavwvdeT<br />
mxolod TviTSemecnebis meSveobiT, e.i.<br />
sakuTari gonebis codniT, inteleqtis<br />
gadasaxedidan.<br />
es Seesabameba vernadskis cnebas<br />
noosferos (gonieri aqtivobis Sesaxeb),<br />
biosferosTan mimarTebaSi, agreTve —<br />
aracocxal domenisadmi. ase rom, arsebobs<br />
adamianis gonebis garkveuli fsiqo-fizikuri<br />
paralelizmi im transfinitur ganwesrigebis<br />
mimarT, romelsac adgili aqvs aracocxalsa,<br />
cocxalsa, adamianur cnobierebasa da<br />
sayovelTao SemoqmediTobis principebs<br />
Soris; es paralelizmi pirvelad cxadad iyo<br />
naTqvami platonis mier, dayofili<br />
monakveTis metaforis saxiT, dialog<br />
"saxelmwifos" VI wignSi (nax. 4).<br />
mTargmnelis damateba<br />
Nniko gunia<br />
metaforuli "monakveTi", romelsac<br />
axsenebs f.verzi, warmodgenilia nax. 5-ze<br />
gamosaxul diagramaze, romelic aRebulia<br />
baCana bregvaZis erTerTi komentaridan, mis<br />
mierve, ZvelberZnulidan Targmnili<br />
qarTulad Targmna niko guniam
f. verzi- nawyveti nikoloz <strong>kuzanelis</strong> ... inglisuri Targmanis Sesavlidan<br />
platonis "timeosis" teqstisadmi 1 (nax.3). es<br />
"monakveTi" am diagramaze gamosaxulia<br />
xaziT. am monakveTis marcxniv mocemulia<br />
sagnebis oTxi ierarqiuli done, xolo<br />
marjvniv—codnis Sesabamisi saxeebi.<br />
miTiTebul komentarSi, yovelive amis<br />
Sesaxeb, saubaria Tanamedrove<br />
platonologiis Tvalsawieridan. mis<br />
nacvlad Cven moviyvanT citatebs TviT<br />
platonis "saxelmwifodan" 2 (nax. 4), romelic<br />
diagramis qveteqstTan erTad, gaxsnis<br />
zemoaRniSnuli "monakveTis metaforas":<br />
"sokrate: 3 maS, icode Cemo Zvirfaso, rom<br />
aris ori meufe: erTi goniT sawvdomi samyaros<br />
samyaros yvela gvarsa da mTel saufloze<br />
brZaneblobs, meore ki—yovelive xilulze; ar<br />
minda amas ca vuwodo, radganac meSinia, vaiTu<br />
mogeCvenos, rom me sityvebiT vTamaSob. Tu gaiazre<br />
es ori saxe—xiluli da goniT sawvdomi?<br />
—diax<br />
—aiRe swori xazi da gayavi or Tanabar<br />
monakveTad [ da monakveTebi] 4 . erTi<br />
xilul samyaros aRniSnavs, meore ki goniT<br />
sawvdoms. TviTeuli monakveTi, Tavis mxriv, imave<br />
TanafardobiT gayavi orad; Tanac, xilul samyaros<br />
aRmniSvneli am ori monakveTidan, erTi mkafio<br />
1 platoni, timeosi, Targmani, winasityvaoba da<br />
komentarebi b.bregvaZisa. Tb. 1994 w. gv.<br />
390.(nax.3) bregvaZe SeniSnavs, rom mas es<br />
diagrama Sedgenili aqvs frangi platonistis<br />
pier-maqsim Sulis mixedviT ("platonis<br />
Semoqmedeba", parizi, 1954, gv.79). (n.g.)<br />
2 platoni, saxelmwifo, Targmani baCana<br />
bregvaZisa, Tb. gamomc. "nekeri", 2003w, gv. 248.<br />
(n.g.)<br />
3 platonis am dialogSi avtoris Tvalsazris<br />
gamosaxavs personaJi sokrate. am nawyvetSi is<br />
esaubreba glavkons. sicocxleSi didi<br />
filosofosi sokrate platonis maswavlebeli<br />
iyo, xolo glavkoni erqva platonis<br />
naxevarZmas. (n.g.)<br />
4 sxvagan platoni Tanabari gayofis nacvlad<br />
ilaparakebs dayofis oqros wesze. (n.g.)<br />
გვ. 3<br />
unda iyos, meore ki — mqrqali. pirveli<br />
monakveTi xatebaTa Semcveli iqneba, xolo<br />
xatebebs me vuwodeb, uwinares yovlisa, landebs,<br />
Semdeg ki—anareklebs wyalSi....<br />
"... meore monakveTze ki adgils miuCen<br />
am landebis Sesatyviss sagnebs—yvela cocxal<br />
arss, yvela mcenares Tu xelTqmnil sagans. ...<br />
"eTanxmebi Tu ara im azrss, rom,<br />
WeSmaritisa da araWeSmaritis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
xiluli samyaros dayofa, Semdegnairad<br />
ganxorcielda: xati ise eTanafardeba mis Sesabamis<br />
sagans, rogorc warmodgena—codnas?<br />
"... rogor unda daiyos goniT sawvdomi<br />
samyaros Sesabamisi monakveTi [?] ...<br />
"suli iZulebulia am monakveTis erTerTi<br />
ganayofi wanamZRvrebis da hipoTezebis<br />
meSveobiT eZios, ise, rom xatebad iyenebdes<br />
xilul samyaroSi nimuSebad miCneul sagnebsa da<br />
amrigad, sawyiss ki ar mieltvodes, aramed<br />
dasasruls. maSin rodesac meore monakveTis<br />
misakvlevad, romelic agvirgvinebs uwinamZRvro<br />
sawyisi, suli, wanamZRvrebidan gamomdinare, pirvel<br />
SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebul xatebze ki ara, mxolod<br />
TavisTavad ideebze dayrdnobiT warmarTavs Ziebas.<br />
�<br />
nax. 4. platonis «saxelmwifo»,<br />
Targmani baCana bregvaZisa, Tb. gamomc.<br />
"nekeri", 2003w.<br />
qarTulad Targmna niko guniam
f. verzi- nawyveti nikoloz <strong>kuzanelis</strong> ... inglisuri Targmanis Sesavlidan<br />
"�geometriis, ariTmetikisa da sxva amnair<br />
mecnierebaTa mimdevrebi TavianT kvleva-Ziebebisas<br />
varaudoben, TiTqos ician, ra aris luwi da ra<br />
aris kenti, geometriuli figurebi, kuTxeebi,<br />
kuTxeebis sami saxe da sxva amisTanani, rasac isini<br />
amosaval debulebebad Tvlian da saWirod ar<br />
miiCneven TavianT Tavsa da sxvebs ganumarton is<br />
rac, maTi azriT, yvelasaTvis cxadi unda iyos.<br />
swored aqedan gamoamdinare gamohyavT yovelive<br />
danarCeni da erTimeoris miyolebiT bolomde<br />
asabuTeben yvelafers, rac TavianTi <strong>Ziebis</strong> sagnad<br />
dausaxavT.<br />
"�isini iyeneben xilul figurebs, an<br />
naxazebs, da maTi mixedviT msjeloben, Tumca TviT<br />
naxazebze ki ar fiqroben, aramed imaze, rasac<br />
isini TavianTi msgavsebiT gamosaxavs. ase<br />
magaliTad, isini fiqroben TavisTavad<br />
oTxkuTxedze, TavisTavad diagonalze da ara imaze,<br />
rasac TviTon xazaven. igive iTqmis ferwerulsa da<br />
skulpturul qmnilebebzedac, romlebic SeiZleba<br />
Crdils afendnen an wyalSi ireklebodnen, magram<br />
TviT qmnilebebi mxolod xatovani gamosaxulebebia<br />
imisa, risi xilvac martooden gonebis TvaliT Tu<br />
SeiZleba. �<br />
"�maTken swrafvisas suli iZulebulia<br />
wanamZRvrebsa da hipoTezebs daeyrdnos da<br />
amitomac ver aRwevs maT sawyiss, radgan ar<br />
SeuZlia varaudis farglebs gascdes; swored amiT<br />
aixsneba, rom mxolod xatebad iyenebs xilul<br />
samyaros sagnebs, romlebsac TavianTi aslebi<br />
Seesabameba xiluli samyaros qveda nawilSi da<br />
romlebic swored am aslebTan SedarebiT ufro<br />
mkafio xatebadaa miCneuli.<br />
"[glavkoni:] gasagebia: Sen laparakob imaze,<br />
rasac geometriisa da sxva misTanaTa meSveobiT<br />
swavloben.<br />
"[sokrate:] maSin isic gasagebi unda iyos,<br />
rom goniT sawvdomi samyaros meore ganayofs<br />
me vuwodeb imas, rasac Cveni goneba aRwevs<br />
dialeqtikuri unaris wyalobiT. Tavis hipoTezebs<br />
გვ. 4<br />
is sawyis hipoTezebad ki ar asaRebs, aramed<br />
varaudebad, anu safexurebad Tu sayrden<br />
wertilebad aRiqvams maT, romelTa meSveobiTac<br />
yovlis upirobo da uwanamZRvro sawyismde<br />
maRldeba. mas Semdeg, rac am sawyiss miaRwevs da<br />
CaeWideba yvelafers, rac zemoxsenebul sawyiszea<br />
damokidebuli, suli daRmasvlisas midis saboloo<br />
daskvnamde, risTvisac raime grZnobad monacemebs ki<br />
ar eyrdnoba, aramed mxolod ideebs, romliTac<br />
iwyeba da viTardeba misi Zieba, raTa ideiTve<br />
damTavrdes.<br />
"[glavkoni:] mesmis..., magram bolomde ki ara.<br />
me mgonia, Zalian Znel sagnebze melaparakebi. da<br />
mainc, rogorc Cans, Sen ginda daadgino, rom<br />
WeSmarit arssac da goniT sawvdom yvela sagansac<br />
dialeqtikis meSveobiT SeiZleba gacilebiT ufro<br />
naTlad Wvretde, vidre egreTwodebul<br />
xelovnebaTa wyalobiT, romelTa sawyisebadac<br />
hipoTezebi gvevlineba. Tumca isini iZulebuli<br />
arian, gonivruli gansjiT Wvretdnen goniT<br />
sawvdom samyaros d ara grZnobebiT. magram raki<br />
TavianT hipoTezebze dayrdnobiT ikvleven mas da<br />
amitomac ver aRweven pirvelsawyiss, Seni azriT,<br />
ar SeiZliaT gonebiT miswvdnen samyaros, Tumca is<br />
savsebiT gonmisawvdomia, Tuki CavwvdebiT mis<br />
pirvelsawyiss. gonivrul gansjad ki, me mgonia,<br />
Sen miiCnev im unars, rac niSneulia geometrebisa<br />
das sxva maTnair swavlulTaTvis. magram es jer<br />
kidev ar aris goneba, radgan gonivrul gansjas<br />
Sualeduri adgili uWiravs warmodgenebsa da<br />
gonebas Soris.<br />
"[sokrate]. sakmarisze metad gesmis� axla<br />
adeqi da zemoxsenebuli zemoxsenebul oTx<br />
danayofs miusadage sulis qmediTobis oTxi<br />
unari: yvelaze maRla daayene goneba, Semdeg—<br />
gonivruli gansja, mesame adgilze—rwmena, bolos<br />
ki warmosaxva, da ecade sicxadis xarisxis<br />
mixedviT ganalago isini: ise, ise, rom, rac ufro<br />
meti wili udevs TviTeul maTganis sagnebs<br />
WeSmaritebaSi, miT ufro cxadi iyos isini..."<br />
qarTulad Targmna niko guniam
f. verzi- nawyveti nikoloz <strong>kuzanelis</strong> ... inglisuri Targmanis Sesavlidan<br />
platonis samyaro orpolusiania<br />
(bipoliarulia). erTi polusia<br />
inteligibeluri samyaro, meore—<br />
materialuri samyaro. es ukanaskneli, anu<br />
platonis ideaTa samyaro, materiisagan<br />
qmnis grZnobad samyaros, romelic gaSlilia<br />
am or poluss "Soris". ideebs "miirqmevs"<br />
materia da es ukanaskneli gvevlineba<br />
grZnobisTvis xelmisawvdom—"grZnobad"—<br />
sagnebad, xolo materia TavisTavad ar<br />
arsebobs. materia arsebobs grZnobadi<br />
samyaros saxiT. platonis TvalsazrisiT es<br />
arseboba moCvenebiTia, vinaidan grZnobadi<br />
samyaroSi "yvelaferi icvleba, yvelaferi<br />
miedineba" (heraklite). namdvili arseboba<br />
ki gaaCnia ucvlel sagnebs, ideebsa da<br />
maTematikur sagnebs. amaSi platoni<br />
parmenides miyveba — "arsi arsebobs, ararsi<br />
ar arsebobs", ambobda parmenide;<br />
platonisaTvis arsia idea da maTematikuri<br />
sagani. amdenad isini ucvlelia da<br />
amitomacaa maT Sesaxeb SesaZlebeli<br />
WeSmariti codna (episteme). kerZod, ideebis<br />
wvdoma SesaZlebelia azrovnebiT, xolo<br />
maTematikuri sagnebisa—gonivruli<br />
gansjiT.<br />
sagnis codna SesaZlebelia mxolod<br />
warmodgenebis doneze, vinaidan misi aRqmis<br />
nax. 5. platonis "dayofili monakveTis metafora".<br />
გვ. 5<br />
Semdeg igi is araa rac maSin iyo. Cven<br />
gvrCeba mxolod rwmena grZnobadi sagnis<br />
arsze, xolo landis SemTxvevaSi mas<br />
mxolod vamsgabsebT.<br />
platonis samyaro proporciebzea<br />
dafuZnebuli. masSi yvelaferi demiurgosma<br />
(samyaros Semoqmedma sulma) Seqmna (=qmnis)<br />
maTematikuri pirvelnimuSis Tanaxmad.<br />
kerZod, mTeli samyaros dayofa grZnobad da<br />
inteligibelur samyarod oqros kveTis<br />
mixedviT xorcieldeba. am diagramaze (nax. 5)<br />
monakveTi ganasaxierebs mTel samyaros,<br />
xolo misi nawilebi—samyaros nawilebs:<br />
romeli romels iolad Cans. platonis<br />
samyaros nawilebi aseT (oqros kveTis)<br />
proporciaSia:<br />
anu, inteligibelur nawili Tavadaa<br />
dayofili oqros wesiT maTematikur sagnebad<br />
da ideebad, iseve rogorc grZnobiTi<br />
samyaro—landebad da grZnobad sagnebad.<br />
oqros kveTa mSenieria. demiurgoss,<br />
romlis xelidan ar SeiZleba gamovides<br />
aramSvenieri, ar SeeZlo sxvanairad<br />
moqceva—gvarwmunebs didi filosofosi. (n.g.)<br />
qarTulad Targmna niko guniam
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