qimia sxvadasxva dargis mecnierTa kvlevebSi
qimia sxvadasxva dargis mecnierTa kvlevebSi
qimia sxvadasxva dargis mecnierTa kvlevebSi
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aneri leJava, maia cincaZe, nazi kuciava<br />
<strong>qimia</strong> <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> <strong>dargis</strong><br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong> <strong>kvlevebSi</strong><br />
(II nawili)<br />
`teqnikuri universiteti”@
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti<br />
a. leJava, m. cincaZe, n. kuciava<br />
<strong>qimia</strong> <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> <strong>dargis</strong><br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong> <strong>kvlevebSi</strong><br />
(II nawili)<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2009<br />
damtkicebulia stu-s<br />
saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo<br />
sabWos mier
winamdebare bibliografiul krebulSi gaSuqebulia<br />
amagdari qarTveli mecnierebis _ akademikosebis: rafiel<br />
aglaZis, iveri frangiSvilis, dimitri erisTavis,<br />
kalistrate quTaTelaZis, nikoloz landias, profesorebis:<br />
biZina kandelakis da daviT sarajiSvilis cxovreba da samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba, maT SeiZleba Tamamad vuwodoT mecnierebis<br />
revolucionrebi. radgan warsuli awmyosa da momavlis safuZvelTa<br />
safuZvelia _ swored winaprebis Rvawlis mimoxilvis<br />
Semdeg ganvixileT Tanamedrove <strong>mecnierTa</strong> da mecnier<br />
mkvle-varTa jgufebis Sesaxeb, romelTa mier gavlili cxovreba<br />
aris zneobisa da raiondobis magaliTi, xolo samecniero<br />
kvlevebi praqtikaSi danergili da saerTa-Sorisod<br />
aRiarebuli.<br />
recenzentebi: tmd., prof. a. nadiraZe<br />
sruli prof. g. gafrindaSvili<br />
© sagamomcemlo saxli ,,teqnikuri universiteti’’, 2009<br />
ISBN 978-9941-14-340-3 (yvela nawili)<br />
ISBN 978-9941-14-394-6 (meore nawili)<br />
http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/<br />
yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (iqneba es teqsti, foto,<br />
ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu<br />
meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis<br />
gareSe.<br />
saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.
Sesavali<br />
`mecnieruli siaxle ragind mniSvnelovanic<br />
ar unda iyos, mxolod maSin aris Rirebuli,<br />
rodesac praqtikulad gvaZlevs Sedegs~<br />
akdemikosi iveri frangiSvili<br />
`awmyo Sobili warsulisagan aris mSobeli<br />
momavlisa~<br />
leibnici<br />
bibliografiul krebulSi `<strong>qimia</strong> <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> <strong>dargis</strong><br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong> <strong>kvlevebSi</strong>~ nawili II, gaSuqebulia awgardacvlili<br />
amagdari mecnierebis akad. rafiel aglaZis, iveri frangi-<br />
Svilis, dimitri erisTavis, nikoloz landias, kalistrate<br />
quTaTelaZis, prof. biZina kandelakisa da daviT saraji-<br />
Svilis samagaliTo cxovreba da samecniero moRvaweoba; maT<br />
SeiZleba Tamamad vuwodoT mecnierebis revolucionrebi. maT<br />
mier Cayril myar safuZvelze dgas Tanamedrove mecnierebis<br />
mniSvnelovani dargebi da lomis wili saqarTvelos saxelisa<br />
da didebis _ danarCeni msofliosaTvis gacnobaSi swored<br />
maT Rvawlze modis.<br />
saTayvanebeli winaprebis gakvalul gzas Rirseulad<br />
agrZeleben stu-Si moRvawe Tanamedrove mecnierebi, romelTa<br />
warmomadgenlebis Sesaxeb miznad dasaxul bibliografiul<br />
krebulTa ciklis (gamoicema ramdenime wignad) I nawilSic<br />
gvaqvs gadmocemuli da aseve nawil II-Sic ixilavT iseT<br />
gamorCeul mamuliSvilebis coxvrebisa da moRvaweobis<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebic arian misabaZi rogorc mecnierebisadmi<br />
damokidebulebaSi aseve zneobisa da erTgulebis magaliTi<br />
Cveni studentebisaTvis _ teqnikuri sferos momaval<br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong>Tvis.<br />
naSromSi rogorc wesi Sesulia im <strong>mecnierTa</strong> da<br />
mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufis kvlevebi, romelTa Sedegebic<br />
dainerga praqtikaSi da saerTaSoriso aRiareba pova.<br />
3
gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris, saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosis, saxelmwifo da<br />
p. meliqiSvilis sax. premiebis laureatis, teqnikis<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor rafiel ilias-Ze<br />
aglaZis samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
meoce saukunis samamulo mecnierebis istoriaSi rafiel<br />
aglaZes uWiravs sapatio adgili _ rogorc saqarTveloSi<br />
eleqtroqimiuri samecniero skolis da eleqtroqimiis<br />
<strong>dargis</strong> fuZemdebels, romlis avtoriteti gascda Cveni<br />
qveynis farglebs da msoflio samecniero wreebSi kanonieri<br />
aRiareba pova.<br />
farTodaa cnobili rafiel aglaZis fundamenturi Sromebi<br />
hidroeleqtro metalurgiaSi, araorganul naerTTa<br />
eleqtrosinTezis, nalRobTa eleqtrolizis dargSi, denis<br />
qimiuri wyaroebis warmoebaSi, axali liTonebisa da<br />
Senadnobebis eleqtro gamoleqvasa da liTonTa koroziaSi.<br />
saerTaSoriso aRiareba did mecniers moupova misma<br />
mniSvleovanma mecnierulma gamokvlevebma manganumis eleqtro<br />
<strong>qimia</strong>Si.<br />
rafiel aglaZe daibada 1911 wlis 29 dekembers q.<br />
TbilisSi. mama _ ilia aglaZe _ cnobili literator-publicisti,<br />
Jurnalisti da mTargmneli, moRvaweobda 1894-1902<br />
ww ilia WavWavaZis `iveriis~ redaqciaSi, Semdgom ki gazeT<br />
`droebis~ gamomcemel redaqtorad muSaobis dros 1911<br />
wels, daapatimres da saqarTvelodan gadaasaxles, TviTmpyrobeluri<br />
reJimis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli publikaciebisa<br />
da saqmianobisaTvis, romelsac Tan gahyva misi meuRle<br />
olRa beJaniSvili (wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis<br />
aqtiuri wevri) Tavis patara SvilTan erTad. ojaxi<br />
samSobloSi mxolod 1918 dabrunda.<br />
17 wlis rafieli ukve donbasis koqsqimiuri qarxnis<br />
teqnikos-qimikosia. 1929 wels Cairicxa saqarTvelos industriuli<br />
institutis qimiur fakultetze romlis warCinebiT<br />
4
damTavrebis Semdeg 1934-35 ww. r. aglaZe muSaobda q.<br />
ZerJinskis qimkombinatSi inJiner-teqnologad, sadac niWierma<br />
qarTvelma inJinerma miiqcia moskovis d. medeleevis saxelobis<br />
qimiur-teqnologiuri institutis eleqtroqimiur warmoebaTa<br />
teqnologiis kaTedris gamgis prof. p. lukianovis<br />
yuradReba da misi rekomendaciiT Cairicxa aspiranturaSi.<br />
1935-1938 wlebSi r. aglaZe xsenebuli institutis<br />
aspiranti da asistentia. am periodSi gamoikveTa da dakonkretda<br />
axalgazrda mecnieris kvlevis sagani _ liTonuri<br />
manganumis miReba wyalxsnarTa eleqtroliziT. am elementis<br />
didi reaqciisunarianobis gamo problemis gadawyveta ar iyo<br />
advili, saWiro iyo axleburi, arastandartuli midgoma.<br />
Tavisi niWis, mizanswrafvisa da dauokebeli Sromis unaris<br />
meSveobiT, r. aglaZem SedarebiT mokle droSi, kaToduri<br />
procesis kinetikuri kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, SeZlo<br />
ganexorcielebina liTonuri manganumis miRebis procesi<br />
sulfaturi xsnaris eleqtroliziT amoniumis ionebis Tanaobisas.<br />
eleqtroduli reaqciebis kanonzomierebaTa Rrmad<br />
Seswavlis Sedegad daamuSava manganumis madnebidan sufTa<br />
liTonis miRebis mTliani Sekruli teqnologiuri cikli.<br />
r. aglaZis sakandidato disertacia `manganumis marilebis<br />
eleqtrolizi~ (1938 w.), miRebuli saavtoro mowmobebi<br />
da samecniero statiebi manganumis hidroeleqtrometalurgiisa<br />
da eleqtrokristalizaciis sakiTxebze, gamoqveynebuli<br />
sakavSiro samecniero JurnalebSi `metalurgi~,<br />
`samTo Jurnali~ da moskovis d. mendeleevis sax. qimiurteqnologiuri<br />
institutis SromebSi, agreTve sxva calkeul<br />
problemaTa kvlevis Sedegebi, dastambuli ssrk da saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis macnesa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis moambeSi, am <strong>dargis</strong> fuZemdeblur Sromebad<br />
aris aRiarebuli.<br />
1939 wels r. aglaZes amtkiceben moskovis d. mendeleevis<br />
qimiur-teqnologiuri institutis docentad da ssrk<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis metalurgiis institutis doqtorantad.<br />
am droidan iwyeba misi pedagogiuri moRvaweoba.<br />
5
1939-1940 ww. r. aglaZem mravalricxovani seriuli<br />
kvlevebis safuZvelze daadgina specialuri foladebisa da<br />
Senadnobebis saeqspluatacio Tvisebebis xarisxobrivi gaumjobesebis<br />
SesaZlebloba malegirebeli komponentis _ manganumis<br />
siwmindis gazrdis xarjze. mis mier miRebuli eleqtrolizuri<br />
manganumis sacdelma partiebma mkacri gamocda<br />
gaiares qveynis wamyvan metalurgiul laboratoriebsa da<br />
sawarmoebSi, gamovlinda am elementebis dadebiTi gavlena<br />
foladis saglinav Tvisebebze. imis wina periodSi gansaku-<br />
Trebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina zesufra javSnebis miRebis<br />
samuSaoebma. meore msoflio omis dawyebamde dadga sakiTxi<br />
liTonuri manganumis farTo masStabiT warmoebis organizaciis<br />
aucileblobis Sesaxeb. es amocana daevala r. aglaZes.<br />
1941 w. agvistoSi mTavrobis davalebiT mivlinebul iqna<br />
zestafonis feroSenadnobaTa qarxanaSi. umokles vadaSi<br />
mkvlevarebma Tbilisis sawarmoebSi piradad Seagrova<br />
pirveli aucileblobis danadgarebi _ transformatorebi,<br />
denis gammarTvelebi, spilenZis salteebi da sxva. am<br />
masalebiT datvirTuli eSeloniT r. aglaZe Cavida zestafonSi,<br />
sadac ramdenime kviraSi SesZlo qarxnis sasadilos<br />
SenobaSi pirometaluri profilis sawarmosaTvis principulad<br />
axali eleqtroqimiuri saamqros damontaJeba. misi<br />
gamocdisa da gaSvebisaTvis saswrafod iqna mobilizebuli<br />
adgilobrivi resursebi: kerZod, sof. SroSis cnobilma<br />
Tixis ostatebma daamzades mJavagamZle sacavebi, abazanebis<br />
korpusebad gamoyenebuli iyo Rvinis qarxnebidan Semotanili<br />
xis kasrebi da a.S. mecnieris uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
adgilobriv saxelosno saswavlebelSi xdeboda momsaxure<br />
personalis momzadeba.<br />
qarxnis pirobebSi r. aglaZem daamuSava oqsiduri<br />
madnis da feromanganumis erToblivi aRdgeniTi gamotutvis<br />
procesi. saocrad mokle vadaSi, jer kidev 1941 wlis<br />
bolomde, miRebuli iyo 99,7% siwmindis eleqtrolizuri<br />
manganumis pirveli tonebi, romelic TviTmfrinaviT gadaegzavna<br />
uralis metalurgiul qarxanas jer sacdeli dnobis<br />
6
Casatareblad, 1942 wlis dasawyisidan ki axali liToni<br />
dainerga specialuri Senadnobebis da foladebis seriul<br />
warmoebaSi. qveynisaTvis umZimesi 1942 wlis Sedegebis<br />
mixedviT Savi metalurgiis sawramoTa sakavSiro SejibrebaSi<br />
gamarjvebulad swored zestafonis feroSenadnobTa qarxnis<br />
axladSeqmnili eleqtrolizuri manganumis saamqro iqna<br />
aRiarebuli, xolo teqnologiis avtorsa da samuSaos<br />
xelmZRvanels r. aglaZes ssrk saxelmwifo premia mieniWa.<br />
1943 wels r. aglaZem moskovSi, mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
metalurgiis institutis samecniero sabWos sxdomaze warmatebiT<br />
daicva sadoqtoro disertacia Temaze `manganumis<br />
hidroeleqtrometalurgiuli miReba~. oficialurma oponentma,<br />
Tanamedrove eleqtroqimiis mamamTavarma akademikosma a.<br />
frumkinma am samuSaos gamoyenebiTi eleqtroqimiis didi<br />
monapovari uwoda. misi aRniSvniT, es naSromi, garda liTonuri<br />
manganumis miRebis, imiTac iyo RirSesaniSnavi, rom<br />
aisaxa axali SesaZleblobebi saelemento mrewvelobaSi<br />
manganumis dioqsidis warmoebisa da manganumis madnebidan<br />
rigi sxva feradi liTonebis amoRebis saqmeSi. meore<br />
oponentma, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentma<br />
a. kapustinskim am samuSaos sadoqtoro disertaciis ideali<br />
uwoda.<br />
am periodSi danergvis samuSaoTa xelmZRvanelobis<br />
paralelurad, r. aglaZe axal samecniero centrebs qmnis<br />
TbilisSi _ mecnierebaTa akademiasa da industriul institutSi<br />
(amJamad saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti). am<br />
or dawesebulebaSi mimdinareobda SemdgomSi mTeli misi<br />
samecniero, pedagogiuri da sainJinro moRvaweoba.<br />
1942 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis qimiis<br />
institutSi r. aglaZem Camoayaliba eleqtroqimiis laboratoria,<br />
romelSic imTaviTve intensiuri muSaoba gaiSala<br />
manganumis Senadnobebis rkinasTan, TuTiasTan da kobaltTan<br />
eleqtroliziT miRebis SesaZleblobis dasadgenad. Seswavlili<br />
iyo mTel rig SenadnobTa fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebi.<br />
gagrZelda manganumis amalgamis miRebis adre dawyebuli<br />
7
samuSaoebi, moisinja cianuri xsnarebidan manganumis eleqtrogamoleqvis<br />
xerxi. omis periodis saWiroeba moiTxovda<br />
laboratoriaSi sxva specifikuri saqmianobis gaSlas,<br />
kerZod, feTqebadi narevebis Seqmnas, airwinaRebisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli hopkalitis filtrebis SemuSavebas da sxv.<br />
1943 wels r. aglaZe xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis qimiis institutis metalurgiul<br />
seqtors, xolo industriul institutSi aarsebs ameierkavkasiaSi<br />
pirvel eleqtroqimiur warmoebaTa teqnologiis<br />
kaTedras, romelsac igi 1985 wlamde uZRveba. kaTedra<br />
amJamadac erTaderTia amierkavkasiis regionSi, rogorc<br />
umaRlesi eleqtroqimiuri ganaTlebis centri. mis mier<br />
gamoSvebulia am <strong>dargis</strong> 1000-ze meti specialisti,<br />
romelTagan bevri dRes mecnierebaTa kandidati da doqtori,<br />
samecniero dawesebulebebis da mZlavri sawarmoebis xelmZ-<br />
Rvanelebia. gamorCeul orators _ r. aglaZes axasiaTebda<br />
msmenelTa Rrmad dainteresebisa da mizidvis unari, advilad<br />
amyarebda uSualo kontaqts auditoriasTan, aRvivebda studentebSi<br />
mecnieruli saqmianobiT dainteresebas da maTgan<br />
Tanamoazreebs, saqmis enTuziastebs, momaval mecnier-mkvlevarebs<br />
zrdida.<br />
amave dros es wlebi qarTuli eleqtroqimiuri skolis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da misi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis Casaxvis<br />
mniSvnelovani periodia. r. aglaZem Semoikriba ra Tavis<br />
garSemo axalgazrda niWier <strong>mecnierTa</strong> da studentTa jgufi,<br />
TiToeul maTgans dausaxa samecniero muSaobis konkretuli<br />
da amave dros aqtualuri mimarTuleba. farTod gaiSala<br />
kvleviTi samuSaoebi eleqtroliziT manganumisa da misi<br />
Senadnobebis miRebisaTvis, eleqtrolizuri manganumis warmoebis<br />
Slamebidan nikelisa da kobaltis hidrometalurgiuli<br />
wesiT miRebis cdebi, kvlevebi aqtiuri manganumis dioqsidis<br />
miRebisa da manganumiani denis wyaroebis Semqnis mimarTulebiT,<br />
manganatebisa da permanganatebis eleqtrosinTezi,<br />
manganumis rafinireba, vakuum-distilaciis meTodiT, saqarTvelos<br />
dariSxanisa da anTimonis madnebis hidroeleqtro-<br />
8
metalurgiuli gadamuSaveba, tutemiwaTa liTonebis Senadnobebis<br />
eleqtrogamoleqva gamlRval masaTa eleqtroliziT,<br />
qromis miReba misi samvalentiani marilebis eleqtroliziT<br />
da feroqromis rafinireba, eleqtrolizuri rkinis miReba,<br />
tyibulis liptobiolituri fiqalebis kompleqsuri damuSaveba,<br />
liTonuri manganumis miReba saqarTveloSi dolomitebidan<br />
da sxva.<br />
r. aglaZem didi energia Sealia saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis sistemaSi farTo teqnikuri profilis mqone<br />
pirveli dawesebulebis _ liTonisa da samTo saqmis institutis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da organizaciis saqmes, romlis<br />
pirvel direqtoradac igi 1945 wlis TebervalSi dainiSna.<br />
imave periodSi Seiqmna eleqtroqimiisa da eleqtrometalurgiis<br />
ganyofileba. mis did damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos<br />
is garemoeba, rom am institutSi moxda samToelTa,<br />
qimikosTa, metalurgTa, samTo manqanaTmSeneblobis specialistTa<br />
mowinave Zalebis Tavmoyra, gaerTianeba da SeTanxmebuli<br />
muSaoba saqarTvelos ekonomikis aRdgenisa da saxalxo<br />
meurneobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis amocanebis gadasawyvetad.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom swored am institutis bazaze Semdgom<br />
wlebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda iseTi mZlavri samecniero<br />
centrebis dafuZneba, rogoricaa samTo meqanikis, metalurgiis,<br />
manqanaTa meqanikis, saSen masalaTa, gamoyenebiTi<br />
(Semdgom araorganuli) qimiis da eleqtroqimiis institutebi,<br />
am ukanasknels TviT r. aglaZe Caudga saTaveSi. amJamad<br />
instituts misi damaarseblis saxeli aqvs mikuTvnebuli.<br />
1946 wlis dekemberSi 35 wlis mecnieri saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvil wevrad, momdevno wels ki<br />
viceprezidentad airCies. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademia 1941 wels Seiqmna, swored am periodSi<br />
xdeboda akademiis sistemis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> profilis samecnierokvleviTi<br />
dawesebulebebis faqtiuri organizacia, maTi<br />
kadrebiT dakompleqteba, mowyobiloba-danadgarebiT aRWurva<br />
da sxv., rac ZiriTadad r. agalZis upirvelesi zrunvis<br />
sagani iyo. igi uSualo monawileobas iRebda omis Semdgomi<br />
9
saqarTvelos teqnikuri problemebis mogvarebaSi akademiis<br />
maSindel xelmZRvanelobasTan, qarTuli mecnierebis iseT<br />
did korifeebTan erTad, rogorebic iyvnen maTematikosebi n.<br />
musxeliSvili (prezidenti), i. vekua (akademikos-mdivani),<br />
istorikosi s. janaSia (vice-prezidenti), enaTmecnieri a.<br />
SaniZe (vice-prezidenti).<br />
1949 wels misi iniciativiT daarsda mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis samecniero-popularuli Jurnali `mecniereba da<br />
teqnika~, romlis pirveli redaqtoric TviTonvea. r. aglaZe<br />
aqtiurad monawileobs metalurgiis rusul-qarTuli terminologiis<br />
dadgenasa da gamocemaSi, aris misi erT-erTi<br />
redaqtori, intensiurad iRwvis d. medneleevis saxelobis<br />
sakavSiro qimiuri sazogadoebis respublikur gamgeobasa da<br />
sazogadoeba `codnaSi~.<br />
1960-1961 wlebSi eleqtroqimiisa da eleqtrometalurgiis<br />
ganyofilebas gamoeyo damoukidebeli qvedanayofebi:<br />
denis qimiuri wyaroebis, iSviaTi elementebis teqnologiis,<br />
gamRval masaTa eleqtrolizis da analizuri qimiis; Semdeg<br />
wlebSi es laboratoriebi Tavis mxriv axali qvedanayofebis<br />
safuZvlad iqcnen. kerZod denis wyaroebis laboratorias<br />
gameyo eleqtroqimiuri kinetikis laboratoria, xolo<br />
lRobilTa eleqtrolizis laboratoria or damoukidebel<br />
laboratoriad Camoyalibda. 80-iani wlebis bolos<br />
elqtroqimiisa da eleqtrometalurgiis ganyofilebas kidev<br />
erTi qvedanayofi eleqtrokristalizaciis laboratoria<br />
gamoeyo.<br />
miuxedavad aRniSnuli reorganizaciebisa, am genealogiis<br />
mTavari RerZi _ eleqtro<strong>qimia</strong>sa da eleqtrometalurgiis<br />
ganyofileba, romelsac b-ni rafieli bolomde<br />
xelmZRvanelobda, dResac institutis yvelaze mZlavr<br />
qvedanayofad iTvleba, kvlav nayofier muSaobas eweva da<br />
anviTarebs Tavisi damaarseblis samecniero interesebs<br />
manganumisa da misi naerTebis eleqtroqimiis dargSi.<br />
aqtiurma organizatorulma da sazogadoebrivma moRvaweobam<br />
r. aglaZe ver CamoaSora sainJinro-teqnologiur<br />
10
problemaTa praqtikul gadawyvetas. 1953-1956 ww. igi<br />
sawarmoo pirobebSi cdis kaliumis permanganatis miRebis<br />
axal originalur xerxs. amasTan dakavSirebiT xangrZlivi<br />
mivlinebiT Cadis saproeqto organizaciaSi _ leningradis<br />
gamoyenebiTi qimiis institutSi, sadac momavali warmoebis<br />
proeqtis mTavar inJinrad muSaobs.<br />
1958 wels mwyobrSi Cadga eleqtrolizuri manganumis<br />
axali mZlavri saamqro zestafonis feroSenadnobTa qarxanaSi.<br />
amjeradac proeqtis mTavari inJineri Tavad teqnologiis<br />
avtori iyo. orive aRniSnuli obieqti TiTqmis<br />
erTdroulad Sendeboda mecnieris daucxromeli yuradRebis<br />
qveS. orive sawarmom umokles droSi gadafara saproeqto<br />
simZlavreebi. amasTan am periodSi r. aglaZe mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis teqnikur mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis akademikosmdivani,<br />
samecniero-kvleviTi institutis direqtori, politeqnikuri<br />
institutis kaTedris gamgea; sxva datvirTvebze<br />
rom araferi vTqvaT, TiToeuli am TanamdebobaTagani<br />
yoveldRiur ucilobel yuradRebas moiTxovda, TiTqosda<br />
paradoqsia, magram yovelive amasTan erTad TanamSromlebi da<br />
studentTa Taobebi udidesi siamovnebiT igonebdnen saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> kuTxeSi (da mis gareTac) sistematiur<br />
saqmian, magram mxiarul eqskursiebs, romlis sulisCamdgmeli<br />
da yvelaze aqtiuri monawile TviT b-ni rafieli iyo.<br />
rusTavis qimkombinatSi kaprolaqtamis qarxnis mSeneblobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT r. aglaZisa da TanamSromlebis mier<br />
SemoTavazebuli iyo hidroqsilaminis marilebis sinTezis<br />
originaluri eleqtroqimiuri meTodi. am samuSaoTa safuZvelze<br />
araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutSi<br />
farTod gaiSala fundamenturi kvlevebi azotis naerTebis<br />
qimiisa da eleqtroqimiisa dargSi.<br />
samocian wlebSi mecnierma kidev erTi samecniero<br />
centri _ zesufTa manganumis da misi naerTebis saproblemo<br />
laboratoria Camoayaliba politeqnikur institutSi (amJamad<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti), romelic samecniero<br />
kvlevisa da saswavlo procesis organizaciis Tavisebu-<br />
11
ebiT sruliad novatoruli iyo. saproblemo laboratoriasTan<br />
Seiqmna studentTa sakonstruqtoro biuro<br />
`manganumi~, sadac r. aglaZis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
studentebi da aspirantebi sxva specialistebTan erTad<br />
monawileobdnen realuri samrewvelo obieqtebis teqnologiur<br />
kvlevebsa da saproeqto gaangariSebebSi.<br />
saproblemo laboratoriaSi Tavidanve farTod gaiSala<br />
samuSaoebi gama-modifikaciis plastikuri manganumis, gamlRvali<br />
marilebis eleqtrolizis meTodiT manganumis rafinirebis,<br />
erT abazanaSi manganumis dioqsidis (anodze) da liTonuri<br />
manganumis (kaTodze) gamoleqvis procesebis Seswavlis<br />
mimarTulebiT.<br />
metad didi moculobis samuSaoebi Catarda madneulis<br />
spilenZis sabados da WiaTuris manganumis sabados koncentratebis<br />
kompleqsuri gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobis dasadgenad<br />
_ manganumis dioqsidis da liTonuri spilenZis erTdrouli<br />
miRebis teqnologiis damuSavebis mizniT.<br />
saintereso samuSaoTa cikli Sesrulda koroziisagan<br />
proteqtoruli dacvis Tvisebebis mqone manganumSemcveli<br />
Senadnobebis Seqmnisa da sazRvao gemebis eqspluataciis<br />
pirobebSi maTi gamocdis mimarTulebiT.<br />
mecnieris mraval gamokvlevas bolo aTwleulebSi<br />
safuZvlad daedo anoduri da kaToduri procesebis erTdrouli<br />
utilizaciis idea. am mizniT mis mier damuSavebuli iyo<br />
eleqtrolizuri manganumis dioqsidis da liTonuri manganumis<br />
kombinirebuli meTodiT miRebis teqnologiuri sqemebi,<br />
romlebic eleqtrolitSi specifikuri danamatebis, kerZod,<br />
selenis marilebis keTilmyofeli gavlenis efeqtis Rrma<br />
Sesawavlasa da mravali sadiafragme da saeleqtrode masalis<br />
gamocdis Sedegebze iyo damyarebuli.<br />
am samuSaobs ukavSirdeba ukanasknel wlebSi damuSavebuli<br />
manganumis madnis eleqtroqimiuri damuSavebis xerxi,<br />
ra drosac erT eleqtrolizerSi anodze xdeba eleqtrolizuri<br />
manganumis dioqsidis miReba, xolo kaTodur areSi _<br />
manganumis oqsiduri madnis aRdgena. am procesSi aRmdgeni<br />
12
agentis rols rkinis ionebi asruleben. SemdgomSi es idea<br />
gamoyenebuli iqna madneulisa da WiaTuris madnebis erToblivi<br />
gadamuSavebis procesisaTvis, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
qaTopiritis anoduri daJangva.<br />
saqarxno pirobebSi gamocdilia da mniSvnelovani<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtiT xasiaTdeba r. aglaZis samuSaoebi<br />
qromis hidroeleqtrometalurgisa da eleqtrokristalizaciaSi.<br />
jer kidev 1959 w. gamoica misi fundamenturi<br />
kvlevebis krebuli avtorTa jgufTan erTad `qromis<br />
hidroelrqtro metalurgia~ Semdgom wlebSi zestafonis<br />
feroSenadnobTa qarxanaSi da sawarmoo gaerTianeba<br />
`tulaCermetSi~ ganxorcielda qromatebisa da biqromatebis<br />
miRebis, agreTve eelqtrolizuri qromisa da qromis<br />
fxvnilis gamoleqvis ramdenime teqnologiuri sqema, ris<br />
Sedegadac liTonis xarisxis gaumjobesebasTan erTad,<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxda rigi Sromatevadi teqnologiuri<br />
safexuris amoReba. r. aglaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebulia<br />
kvlevebi eleqtroliziT ferituli masalebis miRebisaTvis,<br />
kerZod <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> liTonTa hidroqsidebis TanadaleqviT, _<br />
am liTonebis anoduri gaxsnisa da miRebuli naleqebis<br />
Semdgomi Termuli damuSavebiT. detalurad aris dadgenili<br />
poli da monoferitebis miRebis pirobebi da maTi fizikurqimiuri<br />
Tvisebebi.<br />
r. aglaZis yuradRebis centrSi iyo brtyeli eleqtroduli<br />
sistemebidan samganzomilebian eleqtrodebze gadasvla,<br />
rac eleqtrolizis procesis mravaljerad intensifikacias<br />
iTvaliswinebs. sakmaod mxcovan mecniers araerTi Rame<br />
gauTenebia rusTavis qimiuri qarxnis permanganatis saamqroSi<br />
nayar bipolarul eleqtrodebiani abazanebis gamcodis dros.<br />
teqnologiuri ciklidan mTlianad iqna amoRebuli feromanganumis<br />
gadadnobis, gawmendisa da Zelebze damagrebis<br />
Sromatevadi operaciebi; axali tipis TiToeulma abazanam<br />
warmadobiT 15 eleqtrolizeri Secvala.<br />
am samuSaom dasabami misca samganzomilebian bipolarul<br />
eleqtrodebiani abazanebis gamoyenebas qloris Jangbadnaer-<br />
13
Tebis miRebisa da organuli eleqtrosinTezis rig procesebSi,<br />
bunebrivi da Camdinare wylebis gawmendis saqmeSi da<br />
sxv. damuSavda bipolaruli eleqtrodis zedapirze potencialis<br />
skanirebis principulad axali meTodi, ris safuZvelzec<br />
SemdgomSi Seiqmna koroziul-eleqtroqimiuri procesebis<br />
kvlevis xelsawyo e.w. `speqtropotenciostati~.<br />
licenziebi am xelsawyoze gayidulia germaniaSi, Sveicariasa<br />
da sxva qveynebSi.<br />
r. aglaZis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani samuSao, romelmac<br />
agreTve farTo sawarmoo ganxorcieleba hpova, dakavSirebulia<br />
manganumis eleqtrolizuri dioqsidis warmoebisaTvis<br />
axali saanode masalis titan-manganumis Senadnobis Seqmnisa<br />
da mis eleqtroqimiur-koroziuli qcevis kvlevasTan, anodis<br />
konstruqciisa da damzadebis teqnologiis daxvewasTan. es<br />
samuSao, romelSiac oTxmocian wlebSi farTo kooperaciis<br />
safuZvelze qveynis wamyvani samecniero centrebi da qimiuri<br />
manqanaTmSeneblobis qarxnebi Caebnen, gaxda safuZveli<br />
rusTavis s/g `azotSi~ importuli saeleqtrolizo danadgarebis<br />
sruli gadaiaraRebisa, ramac moxsna anodebis<br />
pasivaciis Zalzed mtkivneuli problema, Seqmna sawarmoo<br />
procesis stabilizaciis, eleqtroenergiis ekonomiis, produqciis<br />
xarisxis mkveTri zrdis SesaZlebloba. dRes<br />
warmoeba mTlianad amgvari anodebis gamoyenebiT muSaobs.<br />
akademikos r. aglaZis mravalmxriv nayofieri Toeriuli<br />
da sainJinro-praqtikul moRvaweobaze msjelobisas, ar<br />
SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT da kuTvnili ar mivagoT mis<br />
samecniero-sagamomcemlo saqmianobasac. gansakuTrebiT aRsani-<br />
Snavia misi uSualo redaqtorobiT gamocemuli SromaTa<br />
krebulebi, uwinaresad yovlisa `manganumis eleqtroqimiis~<br />
9 tomi. maTSi ganzogadoebulia mecnier-mkvlevaris xelmZ-<br />
RvanelobiT aTeuli wlebis manZilze Sesrulebul mniSvnelovan<br />
samuSaoTa Sedegebi manganumis, misi Senadnobebisa da<br />
naerTebis eleqtroqimiis dargSi. SromaTa es krebulebi<br />
specialistTa mier samarTlianad aris Sefasebuli, rogorc<br />
14
am <strong>dargis</strong> yvelaze avtoritetuli da saWiro saxelmZ-<br />
Rvanelo.<br />
r. aglaZe aTeuli wlebis manZilze eweoda aqtiur<br />
sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. iyo eleqtroqimiis sakavSiro<br />
samecniero sabWos biuros wevri, respublikuri eleqtroqimiuri<br />
samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomare, saerTaSoriso<br />
eleqtroqimiuri sazogadoebis kongresebisa da TaTbirebis<br />
monawile, respublikuri da sakavSiro konferenciebis<br />
organizatori, samecniero Jurnalebis redkolegiebis wevri<br />
da sxva.<br />
r. aglaZe aris araerTi saxelmZRvanelos avtori da<br />
Tanaavtori; kerZod, umaRlesi teqnikuri saswavleblis<br />
studentebisaTvis gankuTvnili `alumini~ (1947w.), `gamoyenebiTi<br />
eleqtro<strong>qimia</strong>~ (praqtikumi, 1984w.), `qimiuri eleqtro-<br />
Termia~ (1983w.), `ionur lRobilTa eleqtrometalurgia~<br />
(1983w.). am ukanasknels 1984 w. saqarTvelos umaRlesi da<br />
specialuri ganaTlebis saministros premia mieniWa.<br />
manganumis eloeqtroqimiis dargSi Sesrulebuli<br />
naSromebisaTvis r. aglaZes, Tavis kolegebTan m. grZeli-<br />
SvilTan, n. hofmanTan, g. dominskaia-berikaSvilTan erTad,<br />
1975 w. mieniWa saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis p.<br />
meliqiSvilis saxelobis premia.<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi r. aglaZem didi Sroma gaswia kidev<br />
erTi novatoruli ideis gansaxorcieleblad: teqnikuri<br />
progresisaTvis momakvdinebeli centralizebuli, uwyebrivi<br />
marwuxebisagan manganumis mrewvelobis gasanTavisufleblad<br />
1984 w. mecnierma daamuSava manganumisa da misi naerTebis<br />
miRebis dargSi momuSave samecniero, saswavlo da sawarmoo<br />
centrebis bazaze, damoukidebeli mZlavri gaerTianebis<br />
Seqmnis koncefcia, rac SesaZlebeli iyo swored r. aglaZis<br />
da misi mowafeebis mier saqarTveloSi gaweuli mravalwliani<br />
mizandasaxuli Sromis Sedegad. samwuxarod, miuxedavad<br />
mecnieris mravali cdisa, imdroindeli oficialuri<br />
xelisuflebis pirobebSi am nayofier ideas ganxorcieleba<br />
ar eRirsa. rafiel aglaZe avtoria 708 samecniero naSromis<br />
15
(sarekordo ricxvis), saidanac 91 aris saavtoro mowmoba da<br />
patenti _ umetesoba maTgani saerTaSorisoa.<br />
rogorc WeSmariti patrioti da moqalaqe, b-ni<br />
rafieli SeZrwunebuli iyo 1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragikuli<br />
movlenebiT. adamiani, romelic yovelTvis gvakvirvebda<br />
Tavisi janmrTelobiT da uSreti energiiT, ramodenime dReSi<br />
1989 wlis 17 aprils gardaicvala.<br />
qarTveli xalxi damsaxurebul pativs miagebs Tavis<br />
erTgul Svils. akademikos rafiel aglaZis saxeli miekuTvna<br />
misi TaosnobiT daarsebul saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis araorganuli qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis instituts<br />
da saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis eleqtroqimiur<br />
warmoebaTa teqnologiis kaTedras, agreTve rusTavis s/g<br />
`azotis~ eleqtrolizuri manganumis dioqsidis qarxanas.<br />
Tbilisis erT-erT quCas ewoda misi saxeli.<br />
naTeli gza, romelic mecnierebasa da cxovrebaSi<br />
ganvlo gamoCenilma mecnierma da mamuliSvilma, keTili<br />
magaliTia misi mravalricxovani mowafeebisa da yvelasaTvis,<br />
visTvisac Zvirfasia samoSoblos momavali saqme.<br />
mecnierebis udidesi revolucioneris, marTvis<br />
sistemebis patriarqis, akademikos iveri varlamis-Ze<br />
frangiSvilis cxovreba da samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
`marto morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa.<br />
xolo adamiani, romelsac aqvs orive _ rwmenac<br />
da codnac _ aris RvTis megobari. monobidan<br />
megobrobamde, ai morwmuneTa savali gza. es<br />
bibliuria~.<br />
uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II<br />
`samyaros aRqmis Semdgomi progresi Zevs ara imdenad<br />
viwro dargobrivi codnis gaRrmavebasa da diferencirebaSi,<br />
16
amdenadac codnaTa integrirebaSi, movlenaTa, procesTa da<br />
obieqtTa erTiani sistemuri warmodgenisaTvis. obieqtTa,<br />
movlenaTa da procesTa sistemuri, anu yovlismomcveli<br />
kanonebisa da kanonzomierebis floba saSualebas iZleva,<br />
ZiriTad faqtorTa kompleqsuri aRricxvis gamoyenebiT,<br />
gaizardos <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> bunebis mqone sistemaTa marTvis<br />
efeqturoba, maT Soris gansakuTrebuli sirTulis organizaciuli<br />
da socialur-ekonomikuri sistemebisa~.<br />
akademikosi iveri frangiSvili miiCnevda, rom marTvis<br />
mecniereba erTdroulad fundamenturi da gamoyenebiTi<br />
mimarTulebisaa, igi SemTxveviT ar SeCerda marTvis mecnierebaze,<br />
marTvis problemebze da Tvlida, rom problemebis<br />
gadasawyvetad aucilebelia mecnierebis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> <strong>dargis</strong><br />
integracia _ maTematikidan filosofiamde. misTvis ar<br />
arsebobda `aramecnieruli~ kiTxvebi...<br />
kompiuterizaciis istorias axsovs saetapo mniSvnelobis,<br />
TiTqmis `varskvlavuri~ epizodebi, magaliTad, 1972<br />
wels gamoTvliTi teqnikis strategiuli ganviTarebis, iveri<br />
frangiSviliseuli midgoma. man daamuSava gadawyobadi<br />
struqturis mqone maRalmwarmoebluri mravalprocesoruli<br />
problemur-orientirebuli mmarTveli gamoTvliTi sistemebis<br />
axali klasis agebulebis Teoriuli safuZvlebi da principebi,<br />
romlebmac farTo gamoyeneba hpova geofizikaSi,<br />
hidroakustikaSi, kosmiuri informaciis dasamuSaveblad da<br />
sxva sferoebSi, agreTve specteqnikis Seqmnisas. idea,<br />
perspeqtiulad iqna aRiarebuli am <strong>dargis</strong> `modis kanonmdeblis~<br />
Control Data Corporation-is mier, es aRiareba emyareboda<br />
am korporaciis 15 wamyvani eqspertisa da CDC-s vice prezidentis<br />
gancxadebas, romelic maT gaakeTes profesor iveri<br />
frangiSvilis ideis detalurad gacnobis Semdgom, saqme<br />
exeboda gadawyobadi struqturis mqone gamoTvliTi<br />
sistemebis Seqmnis proeqts, romlis Seswavlis Semdeg<br />
CDC-m sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobasTan erTad gadawyvita<br />
Seeqmna umsxvilesi erToblivi sawarmo ruseTSi, rasac xeli<br />
SeuSala am periodSi miRebulma, jekson-venikis Sesworebam,<br />
17
ac ukrZalavda aSS-s firmebs aseTi tipis erToblivi<br />
sawarmoebis Seqmnas...<br />
akademikosi iveri frangiSvili swavlobda sistemaTa<br />
enTropiis kanonebs, rac Tavis mxriv ganmsazRvrelia<br />
sistemaTa organizebulobisa, TviT adamianTa sazogadoebrivi<br />
qcevis racionalobis sazRvrebis dadgena-SeswavlisaTvis<br />
ekonomikaSi, politakaSi, erTaSoris urTierTobasa da realur,<br />
rTul sistemebSi. iveri frangiSvilma moRvaweobis<br />
bolo periodSi Seqmna mimarTuleba, romelsac uwoda<br />
`adamianis faqtori marTvaSi~ da gamoTqva gulistkivili,<br />
rom aTi wliT adre ar Seudga am saqmes...<br />
iveri frangiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1994-95 wlebSi<br />
damuSavda `saqarTvelos gadarCenis programa~, romelic ar<br />
iqna realizebuli xelisuflebis Sesabamisi nebis ar qonis<br />
gamo...<br />
akademikosi iveri frangiSvilis xeldasmiT Seiqmna<br />
informaciuli teqnologiebi urTules problemaTa gadasa-<br />
Wrelad:<br />
sistemuri midgoma da zogadsistemuri kanonzomierebani;<br />
sistemuri kanonzomierebani da sistemuri optimizacia.<br />
marTviTi gadawyvetilebis meTodologiuri proncipebi<br />
da maTematikuri modelebi; saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis koncefcia<br />
ekonomikaSi, samxedro saqmesa da politikaSi; saxelmwifoebrivi,<br />
regionaluri da municipaluri marTva, organizaciuli<br />
dagegmvis monitoringi da prognozireba da sxva<br />
mravali umniSvnelovanesi realizacia. iveri frangiSvili<br />
1987 wlidan sicocxlis bolo wuTamde xelmZRvanelobda<br />
msoflioSi saxelganTqmul, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
marTvis problemebis instituts. am mravalprofilian samecniero<br />
organizaciaSi mimdinareobs masStaburi kvlevebi<br />
marTvis procesebis optimizaciis mimarTulebiT didmasStabian<br />
organizaciul, socialur-ekonomikur, teqnikur da<br />
mediko-biologiur sistemebSi.<br />
18
albaT SeuZlebelia martivad aixsnas im moculobisa da<br />
daniSnulebis samuSaoTa mizanmimarTuleba, romelic am<br />
mecnierul kolosSi mimdinarebs, sadac ramodenime xnis win,<br />
baton iveris xelmZRvanelobiT saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />
konferencia Catarda msoflios mravali qveynis marTvis<br />
sistemebis da ara marto am <strong>dargis</strong> gamoCenili mecnierebis<br />
monawileobiT.<br />
profesorma lev rozenoierma (aSS) aRniSna _ swored<br />
es iyo yvelaze mTavari, rom msoflios <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> qveynis<br />
mecnierebs, miuxedavad mravali sirTulisa, marTvis problemebis<br />
institutis direqtoris, akademikos iveri frangi-<br />
Svilis TaosnobiT SesaZlebloba miecaT Sekrebiliyvnen<br />
erTad, gaecnoT erTmaneTisaTvis sakuTari saqmianobis Sedegebi.<br />
Sexvedrodnen Zvel megobrebsa da kolegebs.<br />
rogorc akademikosma frolovma (rf) aRniSna: `am<br />
institutis direqtori gaxlavT cnobili mecnieri, akademikosi<br />
iveri frangiSvili, romelic marTvis problemebis<br />
<strong>dargis</strong> aRiarebuli specialistia msoflioSi~.<br />
avtomatikisa da telemeqanikis instituti, amJamad<br />
akademikosi trapeznikovis saxelobis marTvis problemebis<br />
instituti, romelic ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis SemadgenlobaSia,<br />
daarsda 1939 wels, misi daniSnuleba iyo<br />
ewarmoebina fundamenturi kvlevebi marTvis Teoriasa da<br />
avtomaturi mowyobilobebis elementebis Seqmnis dargSi; aq<br />
damuSavda marTvis avtomaturi Teoriis safuZvlebi, ramac<br />
Tavis mxriv ganapiroba avtomatikisa da telemeqanikis<br />
institutis gardaqmna marTvis problemebis institutad,<br />
sadac farTod gaiSala kvleviTi samuSaoebi marTvis<br />
problemebis mimarTulebiT.<br />
am institutis saqmianobis Sesaxeb korespodenti<br />
esaubra mis direqtors akademikos iveri frangiSvils. ai es<br />
Canaweri: i. frangiSvili. Cvens institutSi mimdinare samuSaoebs<br />
marTlac didi mniSvneloba hqonda, magaliTisaTvis<br />
SemiZlia dagisaxeloT institutSi Seqmnil modelTa,<br />
meTodebisa da algoriTmebis Teoriuli safuZvlebi,<br />
19
omlebic farTod gamoiyeneba marTvis iseTi avtomaturi<br />
sistemebis Seqmnisas, rogoric aris sayovelTaod cnobili<br />
`cementi~, `sazRvao floti~, `metali~, `sirena~, `ruseTis<br />
safosto kavSiri~ da sxv. mravali masStaburi gamokvleva,<br />
romelic Cvens institutSi damuSavda, danergilia metalurgiuli,<br />
navTob-mompovebeli da navTob-gadamamuSavebeli<br />
mrewvelobis marTvis sistemebSi, saSeni masalebisa da qimiur<br />
mrewvelobaSi. institutis mecnierebma seriozuli wvlili<br />
Seitanes kosmosuri sivrcis aTvisebasa da misi gamoyenebisaTvis<br />
marTvis sistemebis SeqmnaSi. Tavisi arsebobis<br />
manZilze Cveni institutis koleqtivma didi roli Seasrula<br />
marTvis Teoriisa da praqtikis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
kor. _ batoni iveri, albaT Tanamedrove moTxovnebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna Tqveni Semdgomi muSaobis vrceli<br />
programac.<br />
i. frangiSvili: _ ra Tqma unda, mecnieruli siaxle<br />
ragind mniSvnelovanic ar unda iyos, mxolod maSin aris<br />
Rirebuli, rodesac praqtikulad gvaZlevs Sedegs. rac<br />
Seexeba fundamentur problemebsa da rTuli obieqtebisa da<br />
struqturebis marTvas, aq marTvis sruliad axali, avtomaturi<br />
da avtomatizebuli sistemebis Seqmnaze vmuSaobT, rac<br />
saSualebas mogcems axal principebze dayrdnobiT vmarToT<br />
obieqtebi da teqnologiuri procesebi.<br />
iqneb Rirdes imaze dafiqrebac, raoden rTuli da<br />
sapasuxismgeblo iyo ruseTis sinamdvileSi am erT-erTi<br />
udidesi samecniero-kvleviTi organziaciis xelmZRvaneloba,<br />
sadac 2000-mde mecnieri moRvaweobs. batoni iveri frangi-<br />
Svili warmatebiT axorcielebda misdami daqvemdebarebul<br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong> sazogadoebaSi, super kompetenturi, samarTliani,<br />
principulli, momTxovni da am yvelaferTan erTad, gulisxmieri<br />
xelmZRvanelis funqcias, rasac dRemde afaseben misi<br />
kolegebi da aRzrdilebi.<br />
iveri frangiSvili warmoSobiT samtrediis raionis<br />
sofel didi jixaiSidanaa, daibada 1930 wlis 6 ivniss. misi<br />
ojaxi TbilisSi cxovrobda. mama, varlam frangiSvili _<br />
20
cnobili samTo inJineri iyi, xolo deda, nadia leJavafrangiSvili<br />
ki pedagogi iyo. me-12 vaJTa saSualos skolis<br />
oqros medalze damTavrebis Semdeg 1947 swavla<br />
saqarTvelos politeqnikur institutSi ganagrZo, sadac im<br />
dros studentis umaRlesi Sefaseba, stalinuri stipendia<br />
eZleoda da amitom bunebrivi iyo misTvis mecnieris kariera,<br />
romelmac SemdgomSi niWisa da mondomebis wyalobiT, didi<br />
aRiareba moutana. axalgazrda mecnierma 1959 wels<br />
moskovSi, avtomatikisa da telemeqanikis institutSi daicva<br />
sakandidato disertacia. aTi wlis Semdeg ki ukve teqnikis<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi da profesoris wodeba<br />
mieniWa. gavida kidev aTi weli da profesori iveri<br />
frangiSvili saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvil<br />
wevrad airCies, mogvianebiT batoni iveri saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis vice-prezidenti xdeba. am Zunwi<br />
cnobebis miRma misi araCveulebrivi SromismoyvareobiT, didi<br />
mecnieruli aRmoCenebiTa da saintereso gamokvlevebiT savse<br />
wlebia.<br />
1955 wlidan iveri frangiSvilis saqmianoba mWidrod<br />
ukavSirdeba ruseTis (maSindeli ssrk) mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
avtomatikisa da telemeqanikis instituts. aq swavlobda<br />
aspiranturaSi, muSaobda jer wamyvan inJinrad, umcros<br />
mecnier muSakad da Semdeg ufros mecnier TanamSromlad,<br />
cota xanSi konkursSi gamarjvebis Sedegad, erT-erT wamyvan<br />
laboratorias Caudga saTaveSi. jer kidev aspiranturaSi<br />
swavlis periodSi niWierebiT gamorCeuli qarTveli Wabuki<br />
msoflio masStabis mecnierma akad. mixeil alaeqsandres-Ze<br />
gavrilovma (МАГ) miamagra amave kvleviTi institutis<br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong> jgufs, romlebsac b-nma iverim gadauWra problema<br />
_ rac mdgomareobda telemeqanikaSi saWiro specialuri<br />
ukontaqto reles SeqmnaSi, romelic udidesi specialistebis<br />
mier wodebulia `frangiSvilis reled~ es gaxlavT<br />
aspiranti _ iveri frangiSvilis (25 wlis asakSi) pirveli<br />
seriozuli Senatani did mecnierebaSi. 1970 wlidan am<br />
institutis direqtoris moadgiled dainiSna samecniero<br />
21
dargSi, xolo 1987 wlidan ukve institutis direqtori<br />
iyo da TiTqmis aTeuli wlis ganmavSlobaSi brwyinvaled<br />
xelmZRvanelobda am didi samecniero organizaciis saqmianobas.<br />
batonma iverim saqarTveloSi erT-erTi Camosvlisas,<br />
sixaruliT aRniSna saubarSi, rom ruseTSi qarTvelTa<br />
sazogadoebas eyreboda safuZveli, da rom mas SesTavazes am<br />
sazogadoebis xelmZRvaneloba. misi Rrma rwmeniT, qarTvelTa<br />
sazogadoebrivi gaerTineba bevr saqmes gaakeTebda ara marto<br />
ruseTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis, aramed saqarTvelosTvisac.<br />
`-me vfiqrob amJamad yvelaze mniSvnelovani davalebaa<br />
CemTvis~ _ brZana batonma iverim, _ dRes saqarTvelos<br />
Zalian uWirs. uWirT im adamianebsac, vinc dRes ruseTSia,<br />
ltolvilebis uzarmazari nakadi TiTqmis upatronod aris<br />
iq da Cveni valia yvelanairad davexmaroT maT~.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom uaRresad dakavebuli iyo<br />
moskovSi mecnieruli saqmianobiT, saerTaSoriso sainJinro<br />
akademiis pirveli vice-prezidentic gaxldaT, amasTan<br />
saqarTveloSic sainJinro akademiis prezidentis posti ekava,<br />
akademikos iveri frangiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT daculi<br />
iqna 60 sakandidato da sadoqtoro disertacia.<br />
gamoqveynebuli aqvs 18 wigni da 400 samecniero naSromi, 15<br />
monografia. igi 50-ze meti gamogonebis avtoria. iveri<br />
frangiSvilis samecniero xelmZRvanelobiTa da uSualo<br />
monawileobiT SemuSavebuli iqna uxilavi moZravi obieqtebis<br />
aRmoCena-amocnobis axali principi, romelsac <strong>sxvadasxva</strong><br />
bunebis obieqtebis zogadsistemuri kanonzomiereba udevs<br />
safuZvlad. aRniSnuli miCneuli iqna udides aRmoCenad.<br />
iveri frangiSvili iyo marTvis problemebis institutis<br />
samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomare. 1992 wlidan igi<br />
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis manqanaTmSeneblobis, meqanikisa<br />
da marTvis procesebis problemaTa ganyofilebis<br />
biuros, xolo 2002 wlidan energetikis, manqanaTmSeneblobis,<br />
meqanikisa da marTvis procesebis biuros wevria.<br />
22
1995 wlidan igi xelmZRvanelobda ruseTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis marTvis procesebisa da avtomatizaciis<br />
Teoriis samecniero sabWos. iyo avtomaturi marTvis<br />
erovnuli Tavmjdomaris moadgile, Jurnalebis `Датчики и<br />
системи~ da `Проблемы управления~ redaqtori da rigi<br />
centraluri Jurnalebis redkolegiis wevri.<br />
did samecniero-teqnologiur miRwevaTa Soris gansaku-<br />
Trebuli mniSvnelobisaa atomuri energetikis obieqtebis<br />
sistemuri marTvis optimizaciis proeqti. batoni iveri 1987<br />
wlidan gaxldaT sabWoTa kavSiris atomuri eleqtrosadgurebis<br />
marTvis avtomatizirebuli sistemis generaluri<br />
konstruqtori. (sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis periodSi sul<br />
12 generaluri konstruqtori iyo). batoni iveri sicocxlis<br />
bolomde xelmZRvanelobda ucxo qveynebis atomuri<br />
sadgurebis, maT Soris `buSeri~ (irani) marTvis sistemis<br />
Seqmnis samuSaoebs.<br />
kidev erTi mxare iveri frangiSvilis moRvaweobisa.<br />
2005 wlis 24-25 maiss saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locvakurTxeviT<br />
da akademikos iveri frangiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
Catarda pirveli saerTaSoriso konferencia `mecniereba<br />
da religia~. konferenciaze vrceli da Zalzed saintereso<br />
moxseneba Temaze `mecnierebisa da religiis, codnisa da<br />
rwmenis sistemuri urTierTmimarTebani~ gaakeTa akademikosma<br />
i. frangiSvilma:~.... mecnierebaSi religiisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
ar arsebobs maradiuli paradigmebi da nebismieri mecnieruli<br />
paradigma droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleba. mecniereba dRes ar<br />
unda iCemebdes iseTi religiuri mcnebebis gagebas, sadac<br />
gons SeRweva ar ZaluZs. mecnierebi sul ufro metad<br />
aRiareben maTze raRac, bevrad maRali sawyisis arsebobis<br />
faqts, rac adamianebs mudam unda axsovdeT. sinergetikasa da<br />
gamoyenebiT maTematikaSi `ucnauri atraqtori~ Suqze,<br />
arsebiTad, mWidrod miuaxlovdnen samyaros fundamentur<br />
safuZvelsa da umaRles gons, anu RmerTs _ suliwmindas.<br />
umaRlesi RvTaebrivi Zalebis arsebobis aRiarebamde<br />
23
mecnierebi <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> poziciidan da sferodan midian,<br />
pirvel rigSi ki marTvisa da TviTorganizaciis ZalTa<br />
poziciidan, ramdenadac obieqturad Seejaxnen am Zalas~.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmindesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa da i.<br />
frangiSvilis TaosnobiT cxvariWamiaSi aRdgenilia mamaTa<br />
samonastro kompleqsi.<br />
batoni iveri moskovSi cxovrobda meuRlesTan erTad,<br />
qalbatoni ciala RuRuniSvili inJineria, wlebis manZilze<br />
igi muSaobda <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> samecniero organizaciebSi. batoni<br />
iveris da qalbatoni cialas vaJi, arCili, aRiarebuli<br />
mecnieria. igi teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori,<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premiis laureati da saqarTvelos<br />
teqnikuri universitetis axladarCeuli reqtoria, misi<br />
niWiereba, obieqturoba da mamuliSviloba imedis momcemia.<br />
ai aseTia, Zalian mokled, msoflioSi aRiarebuli,<br />
sayovelTaod cnobili mecnieris, akademikos iveri frangi-<br />
Svilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis calkeuli epizodebi,<br />
romelic, samwuxarod, dRes aRar aris Cvens gverdiT. Tumc<br />
daimkvidra ukvdaveba da gadavida misgan naTlad aRqmul<br />
maradisobaSi. misi naTeli xsovna samudamod darCeba ara<br />
marto ojaxis wevrebis, axloblebis, kolegebisa da misi<br />
aRzrdilebis gulSi, aramed udides adgils daikavebs<br />
msoflios mecnierebis saganZurSi.<br />
sasiqadulo mamuliSvilis, gamorCeuli mecnierisa da<br />
pirovnebis _ dimitri erisTavis samecniero-pedagogiuri<br />
da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba<br />
gamoCenili mecnieri, mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe,<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,<br />
qimiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori dimitri erisTavi<br />
im saxlovan mamuliSvilTa brwyinvale pleadas miekuTvneba,<br />
24
omlebmac TvalsaCino kvali datoves samamulo mecnierebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi.<br />
dimitri erisTavi daibada 1903 wlis 27 oqtombers q.<br />
TbilisSi, saxalxo maswavleblis ojaxSi. saSualo ganaTleba<br />
miiRo Tbilisis me-3 teqnikumSi (yofili realuri<br />
saswavlebeli). 1923 wels swavla gaagrZela Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis pedagogiuri fakultetis sabunebismetyvelo<br />
ganyofilebaze, romelic daamTavra 1928 wels.<br />
dimitri erisTavma SromiTi saqmianoba jer kidev studentobis<br />
wlebSi daiwyo. Tavdapirvelad muSaobda saqarTvelos<br />
saxalxo meurneobis umaRlesi sabWos centralur<br />
laboratoriaSi qimikos-analitikosis Tanamdebobaze.<br />
1929 wlidan dimitri erisTavi muSaobas iwyebs saqarTvelos<br />
politeqnikuri institutis (axlandeli saqarTvelos<br />
teqnikuri universiteti) zogadi da araorganuli qimiis<br />
kaTedris asistentad. dimitri erisTavis nayofieri pedagogiuri<br />
da samecniero-kvleviTi muSaoba, misi SemoqmedebiTi<br />
warmatebebi ZiriTadad am instituts ukavSirdeba. 1929<br />
wels igi analizuri qimiis kaTedris docenti, xolo 1940<br />
wlidan _ am kaTedris gamgea.<br />
1930 wlidan (saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
qimiis institutis daarsebis dRidan) muSaobas iwyebs qimiis<br />
institutSi. akad. l. pisarJevskis xelmZRvanelobiT qimiis<br />
institutSi Sesrulebuli gamokvlevebis didi nawili safuZvlad<br />
daedo erisTavis sakandidato disertacias Temaze:<br />
`gamosxivebis gavlena katalizatoris aqtivobaze~, romelic<br />
warmatebiT daicva 1937 wels ukrainis mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
fizika-qimiis institutSi.<br />
1945 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi dimitri<br />
erisTavis warmatebiT icavs sadoqtoro disertacias<br />
Temaze: `WiaTuris marganecis fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebis<br />
sakiTxis SeswavlisaTvis~. 1946 wels mas mieniWa profesoris<br />
wodeba. 1958 wlidan gardacvalebamde iyo saqarTvelos<br />
politeqnikuri institutis proreqtori samecniero<br />
dargSi.<br />
25
saqarTvelos politeqnikur institutSi moRvaweobis<br />
paralelurad dimitri eriTavi 1947 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis qimiis institutis<br />
fizikuri da analizuri qimiis laboratorias. wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi miwveuli iyo saqarTvelos kurortologiis<br />
institutis fizikuri qimiis laboratoriis gamged, saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis hidrogeologiuri da sainJinro<br />
geologiuri problemebis laboratoriis hidroqimiuri<br />
ganyofilebis xelmZRavanelad.<br />
1961 wels dimitri erisTavi airCies saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad.<br />
farTo iyo dimitri erisTavis kvlevis diapazoni da<br />
interesTa sfero. misi mecnieruli moRvaweoba mWidrod<br />
ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi qimiuri mecnierebis ganviTarebas.<br />
aqtualuri problemebis dasma da misi drois umcires<br />
monakveTSi warmatebiT gadaWra, aseTi iyo am uniWieresi<br />
mecnieris moRvaweobis stili.<br />
dimitri erisTavis samecniero moRvaweoba xasiaTdeba<br />
oTxi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebiT: 1. qimiur procesebze <strong>sxvadasxva</strong><br />
sixSiris gamosxivebaTa gavlenis Seswavla. 2. saqarTvelos<br />
mineraluri resursebis fizikur-qimiuri Seswavla.<br />
3. qimiuri analizis sfero. 4. hidro<strong>qimia</strong>.<br />
pirveli mimarTulebis Sromebs miekuTvneba dimitri<br />
erisTavis erT-erTi adreuli naSromi `katalizatorebis<br />
Seswavla rentgenis sxivebis saSualebiT~, romelic gamoqveynda<br />
1935 wels `amierkavkasiis industriuli institutis<br />
moambeSi~ da l. pisarJevskis xelmZRvanelobiT Sesrulebuli<br />
Sroma `platinis katalizur aqtivobaze rentgenis gamosxivebis<br />
moqmedeba~, am naSromSi ganxilulia rentgenis sxivebis<br />
da platinis katalizatoris kombinirebuli moqmedeba H2O2is<br />
daSlis procesze. dadgenilia saintereso kanonzomierebani<br />
katalizatoris aqtivobasa da gamosxivebis dozas<br />
Soris. am gamokvlevebiT d. erisTavma erT-erTma pirvelma<br />
daadgina, rom gamosxivebis da katalizatoris erToblivi<br />
26
moqmedeba ar aris aditiuri da mniSvnelovnad aRemateba maTi<br />
jamuri moqmedebis efeqts.<br />
dimitri erisTavis naSromebi `ultramaRali sixSiris<br />
eleqtruli velis moqmedeba hidrofobur zolebze~ da<br />
`ultramokle talRebis moqmedeba kompleqsur naerTebze~<br />
(o.e. zviangincevis TanaavtorobiT) mniSvnelovnad amdidrebs<br />
monacemebs zolebis da kompleqsuri naerTebis bunebis, mdgomareobis<br />
da Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. unda aRiniSnos, rom naSromi<br />
kompleqsur naerTebze gamosxivebis gavlenis Seswavlis Sesaxeb<br />
agreTve erT-erTi pirvelTagania, vinc daamtkica<br />
ultramokle talRebis gavleniT platinis kompleqsuri<br />
naerTebis xsnarebis elgamtarobis zrda.<br />
naSromTa mTeli rigi cikli exeba saqarTvelos mineraluri<br />
resursebis gamokvlevas da moicavs mTel rig sakiTxebs<br />
sakvlevi obieqtebis, meTodebis, kompleqsuri naerTebis<br />
fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
d. erisTavis mier Seswavlil iqna WiaTuris manganumis<br />
sabadoebi. mdidari eqsperimentuli masalis safuZvelze mecnieri<br />
gvaZlevs qimiuri elementebis ganawilebis suraTs<br />
calkeuli plastebisa da zegnebis mixedviT. Seswavlilia<br />
aRniSnul madnebSi nikelisa da kobaltis Semcveloba. Catarebulia<br />
WiaTuris manganumis Slamis sedimentaciuri<br />
analizi, Seswavlilia maTi fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebi:<br />
(kobaltis da nikelis adsorbciis pirobebSi manganumis<br />
dioqsidisa da WiaTuris manganumis madnebis wyalxsnarebidan,<br />
maTi Jangva-aRdgeniTi potencialebi, manganumis Slamis<br />
koloidur-qimiuri gamdidreba da sxva).<br />
profesor d. erisTavis xelmZRvanelobiTa da uSualo<br />
monawileobiT SemuSavda manganumis madnebSi calkeuli elementebis<br />
gansazRvris axali meTodebi. d. erisTavis da d.<br />
barnabiSvilis mier SemuSavebuli manganumis madnebSi samvalentiani<br />
manganumis gansazRvris meTodi moyvanilia e. rodes<br />
monografiaSi `manganumis Jangbadiani naerTebi (moskovi,<br />
1952).<br />
27
dimitri erisTavma detalurad gamoikvlia manganumis<br />
Slamebis fizikur-qimiuri buneba. gamoavlina manganumis<br />
madnebSi nikelisa da kobaltis genezisis sakiTxebi.<br />
dimitri erisTavis mier iqna Seswavlili saqarTvelos<br />
raionebis WaburRilebis wylebidan iodis amowvlilvis<br />
sakiTxi.<br />
sayuradReboa agreTve naSromebi axtalis samkurnalo<br />
talaxSi boris, bromis da iodis Semcvelobis da azamburis<br />
mirabilitis sabadoebis Sesaxeb.<br />
am ciklis samuSaoebs miekuTvneba ori metad mniSvnelovani<br />
naSromi `Termuli radioaqtiuri wylebidan radiumis<br />
amowvlilvis Sesaxeb~ da `boris gamoyofa borSemcveli<br />
bunebrivi wylebidan iongacvliTi fisebis saSualebiT~.<br />
dimitri erisTavs mravali saintereso naSromi aqvs<br />
gamoqveynebuli analizuri qimiis sferoSi. mis mier mTeli<br />
rigi gamokvlevebia Catarebuli iSviaTi elementebis gansaz-<br />
Rvris axali meTodebis Sesaxeb. iSviaTi elementebis gansaz-<br />
RvrisaTvis qimiur analizSi igi iyenebda koagulaciisa da<br />
peptizaciis movlenebs. mis mier damuSavebulia manganumis<br />
gansazRvris meTodi, miwisqveSa wylebSi tyviis gansazRvris<br />
swrafi meTodi da bunebriv wylebSi boris gansazRvris<br />
meTodi iongacvliTi fisebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
TanamSromlebis jgufTan erTad dimitri erisTavi<br />
metad mniSvnelovan samuSaoebs atarebda iSviaTi elementebis<br />
gayofis axali analizuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. Tavis<br />
naSromebSi igi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda elementebis<br />
gansazRvris sizustisa da mgrZnobiarobis gazrdis<br />
sakiTxs.<br />
profesorma dimitri erisTavma mniSvnelovani wvlili<br />
Seitana analizur <strong>qimia</strong>Si iongacvliTi fisebis kvlevis<br />
saqmeSi. misi xelmZRvanelobiT, misi mravalricxovani mowafeebis<br />
mier gamokvleulia volframis, beriliumis, indiumis,<br />
molibdenis, kaliumis, uranisa da sxva ionebis sorbciisa da<br />
desorbciis pirobebi samamulo anionitebis karbonatul<br />
formebze.<br />
28
anionitebis karbonatuli formebi gamoyenebul iqna<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> elementebis erTmaneTisagan dasacileblad. ase,<br />
magaliTad indiumisa _ kadmiumisagan, TuTiisa _ tyviisagan,<br />
molibdenisa da volframisa sxva elementebisagan (Fe, Al, V,<br />
Ni, Cu, Zn-gan).<br />
dimitri erisTavis gamokvlevebi hidroqimiis dargSi<br />
exeba saqarTvelos mineraluri wylebis (Tbilisi, borjomi,<br />
wyaltubo, menji, sairme da sxv.) fizikur-qimiuri bunebis<br />
Seswavlas. gansakuTrebiT detaluradaa Seswavlili wyaltubos<br />
mineraluri wylebis fizikur-qimiuri buneba. man<br />
pirvelma daamtkica wyaltubos wyalSi umniSvnelo koncentraciiT<br />
radiumis marilTa Semcveloba. sayuradReboa misi<br />
gamokvlevebi saqarTvelos mineralur wylebSi organul<br />
nivTierebaTa Seswavlis TvalsazrisiTac.<br />
akad. dimitri erisTavis didi Rvawli miuZRvis qarTul<br />
enaze saxelmZRvaneloebis SeqmnaSi. TvisebiT da raodenobiT<br />
analizSi misi klasikuri saxelmZRvaneloebiT dResac<br />
sargebloben umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebi.<br />
didia dimitri erisTavis damsaxureba sazogadoebrivi<br />
muSaobis sferoSi. wlebis manZilze igi iyo mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis analizuri qimiis sabWos wevri, saqarTvelos<br />
politeqnikuri institutis (axlandeli saqarTvelos teqnikuri<br />
universiteti) qimiuri da kvebis teqnologiis fakultetis<br />
xarisxis mimniWebeli sabWos Tavmjdomare, d.i.<br />
mendeleevis saxelobis sakavSiro qimiuri sazogadoebis<br />
saqarTvelos respublikuri gamgeobis wevri, Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis samecniero sabWos wevri, saxelmwifo<br />
sagamocdo komisiis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebuli izotopebisa da gamosxivebis<br />
mudmivi komisiis Tavmjdomare, sakavSiro sazogadoeba<br />
`codna~-s sainstituto ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, politeqnikuri<br />
institutis Sromebis mTavari redaqtoris moadgile.<br />
dimitri erisTavma mTeli cxovreba Tavdauzogavad<br />
iSroma da iRvawa qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
misi samecniero memkvidreoba metad mniSvnelovania dResac,<br />
29
adgan is sakiTxebi, romlebic mis mier iqna Seswavlili da<br />
damuSavebuli, Tanamedrove mecnierebis iseT aqtualur<br />
sakiTxebs exeba, rogoricaa katalizatorebisa da koloiduri<br />
zolebis struqturis Seswavla, saqarTvelos bunebrivi<br />
resursebis gamokvleva, naSromebi hidro<strong>qimia</strong>Si, mTeli<br />
rigi liTonebis analizi da sorbciuli Tvisebebis Sewavla.<br />
d. erisTavis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ZiriTadi<br />
TariRebi<br />
1903w. 27 oqtombers daibada q. TbilisSi saxalxo<br />
maswavleblis ojaxSi.<br />
1923w. daamTavra Tbilisis mesame teqnikumi (yofili<br />
realuri saswavlebeli) da Sevida Tbilisis sexelmwifo<br />
universitetSi fizika-maTematikis fakultetis sabunebismetyvelo<br />
ganyofilebaze.<br />
1928w. daamTavra Tbilisis universitetis qimiis<br />
fakulteti.<br />
1929w. miiwvies saq. politeqnikur institutSi zogadi<br />
da araorganuli qimiis kaTedris asistentis Tanamdebobaze.<br />
1930w. (saq. ssr mecn. akad. qimiis in-tis daarsebis<br />
dRidan) muSaobda institutSi akad. l. pasarJevskis xelmZRvanelobiT.<br />
1930-1935ww. amierkavkasiis qimiur-teqnologiuri<br />
institutis asistentia.<br />
1930-1947ww. politeqnikur institutSi muSaobis<br />
paralelurad muSaobda saq. ssr mecn. akademiis qimiis<br />
institutSi fizikuri da analizuri qimiis gany. gamged.<br />
1935-1946ww. saqarTvelos industriuli institutis<br />
docentia.<br />
1937w. q. dnepropetrovskSi daicva sakandidato<br />
disertacia Temaze: `gamosxivebis gavlena katalizatoris<br />
aqtivobaze~. _ mieniWa qimiur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero<br />
xarisxi.<br />
30
1939w. umaRlesma saatestacio komisiam daamtkica saq.<br />
politeqnikuri institutis fizikuri qimiis kaTedris<br />
gamged.<br />
1940 wlidan Tbilisis politeqnikuri institutis<br />
analizuri qimiis kaTedris gamgea.<br />
1941-1945ww. amierkavkasiis frontis sardlobis<br />
davalebiT xelmZRvanelobda qimikosTa specialur jgufs,<br />
romelic amzadebda sawvav naerTebs TavdacvisaTvis.<br />
1944w. dajildovda medlebiT `kavkasiis dacvisaTvis~<br />
da `mamacuri SromisaTvis 1941-1945 ww. did samamulo<br />
omSi~.<br />
1945w. Tbilisis universitetSi daicva sadoqtoro<br />
disertacia Temaze: `WiaTuris marganecis fizikur-qimiuri<br />
Tvisebebis sakiTxis SeswavlisaTvis~.<br />
1946w. daamtkices saq. politeqnikuri institutis<br />
analizuri qimiis kaTedris profesorad.<br />
1946-1971ww. saq. politeqnikuri institutis profesoria.<br />
1948-1954ww. saq. kurortologiis institutis<br />
fizikuri qimiis laboratoriis gamgea.<br />
1958-1960 ww. muSaobda saq. ssr mecn. akademiis<br />
hidrogeologiuri da sainJinro-geologiur problemaTa<br />
laboratoriis hidroqimiuri ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelad.<br />
1958-1971ww. iyo politeqnikuri institutis qimiuri<br />
da kvebis teqnologiiis fakultetis samecniero xarixsis<br />
mimniWebeli sabWos Tavmjdomare.<br />
1958 wlidan politeqnikuri institutis proreqtoria<br />
samecniero dargSi.<br />
1960-1971 ww. iyo v.i. vernadskis sax. geoqimiisa da<br />
analizuri qimiis institutis samecniero sabWos wevri.<br />
1961w. airCies mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad.<br />
1961w. ssrk umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebulebiT<br />
dajildovda `sapatio niSnis~ ordeniT.<br />
31
1963w. mieniWa saqarTvelos mecnierebis damsaxurebuli<br />
moRvawis sapatio saxeli.<br />
1963w. dajildovda saq. ssr umaRlesi sabWos sapatio<br />
sigeliT.<br />
1966w. dajildovda medliT `mamacuri SromisaTvis~.<br />
1967w. airCies q. Tbilisis orjonikiZis raionis<br />
mSromelTa deputatebis raionuli sabWos deputatad.<br />
1969w. airCies Tbilisis mSromelta deputatebis<br />
saqalaqo sabWos me-12 mowvevis deputatad.<br />
1970w. dajildovda saiubileo medliT `SromiTi<br />
mamacobisaTvis~ v.i. leninis dabadebis 100 wlisaTvis aRsani-<br />
Snavad.<br />
1971 w. 18 agvistos gardaicvala. Rirseuli mamuli-<br />
Svili dakrZalulia didubis _ sazogado moRvaweTa<br />
panTeonSi.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenciis,<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor<br />
kalistrate severianis-Ze quTaTelaZis samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba<br />
1928 wlis 1 oqtombers, Tbilisis universitetis politeqnikuri<br />
fakultetis bazaze Seiqmna saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo politeqnikuri instituti, romlis 250-kacian<br />
studentur kontigentSi iyo samTo qimiuri fakultetis<br />
qimiur-teqnologiuri ganyofilebis studenti, xonis raionis<br />
sofel ivandidis mkvidri _ kalistrate quTaTelaZe,<br />
1930 wels spi-s bazaze Seqimna eqvsi instituti _ maT<br />
Soris amierkavkasiis qimiur-teqnologiuri instituti, romelic<br />
1932 wels batonma kalem warCinebiT daamTavra.<br />
swavlis periodSi k. quTaTelaZis niWiereba SeniSnes cnobilma<br />
profesorebma aleqsandre ficxelaurma da mixeil xaxanaSvilma,<br />
ramac ganapiroba, rom institutis damTavrebisTa-<br />
32
nave igi gaigzavna sanqt-peterburgis teqnologiuri universitetis<br />
minis qimiuri teqnologiis kaTedraze aspirantura-<br />
Si. aRniSnul kaTedraze am dros moRvaweobdnen minis<br />
Teoriisa da praqtikis fuZemdebelni, akademikosebi: d.<br />
raJdensvenski, i. grebeSnikovi, g. Jukovski, n. kaCalovi, i.<br />
Suri, g. mianikovi da axalgazrda magram aRiarebuli<br />
mecnieri v. vargini, romelic gaxda batoni kales samecniero<br />
xelmZRvaneli. v. varginis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebul iqna<br />
kvlevebi seleniT da rigi oqsidiT miniT Sefervis bunebis<br />
dadgenaSi, romelmac sayovelTao aRiareba moipova da<br />
Sesulia yvela drois, <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> qveyanaSi feradi minisadmi<br />
miZRvnil monografiebSi.<br />
kacobriobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />
samecniero Tu teqnikuri literaturis analizis safuZvelze<br />
k. quTaTelaZis yuradReba miipyro gajma. gajis _<br />
TabaSiris magvari mWida masalis mSeneblobasa da kulturis<br />
ZeglTa agebaSi farTo gamoyenebis miuxedavad, misi buneba da<br />
potenciuri SesaZleblobebi arcTu ise kargad Seswavlili<br />
aRmoCnda.<br />
k. quTaTelaZe isaxavs amocanas, irCevs am amocanis<br />
gadaWris optimalur gzebs da Tavis mowafeebTan erTad<br />
sakmaod mcire vadaSi asrulebs metad STambeWdav da<br />
Sromatevad samuSaos, romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos msoflioSi<br />
erTaderT naSromad gajis sistematuri da fundamenturi<br />
Seswavlis sferoSi. swored am kvlevam daimsaxura<br />
novoCerkaskis politeqnikuri institutis samecniero<br />
sabWos, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda msoflioSi cnobili<br />
fiz-qimikosi ponomariovi, umaRlesi Sefaseba. naSromi _<br />
`gaji _ misi Tvisebebi da gamoyeneba~ iyo k. quTaTelaZis<br />
sadoqtoro disertacia, romelic SemdgomSi gamoica monografiis<br />
saxiT da iTargmna Cinur enaze.<br />
am mimarTulebiT muSaobis Sefasebisas yuradrebas<br />
ipyrobs k. quTaTelaZis unari kvlevis organziaciasa da<br />
ganxorcielebaSi. aq ikveTeba batoni kales brwyinvale organizaciuli<br />
niWi, romelic kidev ufro mkveTrad gamovlinda<br />
33
swored gajebze muSaobis periodSi. moviyvanT mxolod erT<br />
magaliTs.<br />
k. quTaTelaZem icoda, rom mWida masalebis aduRabebisa<br />
da SeWidvis siTburi efeqtebis im droisaTvis arsebuli<br />
gasazomi xelsawyoebi _ kalorimetrebi ar miscemda saSualebas,<br />
Caetarebina gajis ZiriTadi Tvisebebis zedmiwevniTi<br />
kvleva. gamosavali orgvari iyo: an gamoeyenebina arsebuli<br />
kolorimetrebi da gaezarda kvlevaTa ricxvi, raTa maTi<br />
saSualebiT mieRwia sasurvel mizans, an Seeqmna axali,<br />
bevrad ufro mgrZnobiare xelsawyo. igi irCevs ufro rTul,<br />
magram koreqtuli Sedegebis miRebis gzas. a. CuprinTan da q.<br />
qinqlaZesTan erTad, arsebuli kalorimetrebis kritikuli<br />
analizis safuZvelze, k. quTaTelaZe srulyofs xelsawyos,<br />
rac uzrunvelyofs miRweul SedegTa saimedoobasa da<br />
aRwarmoebas. maT mier Seqmnili kalorimetri mWida masalebis<br />
hidrataciis siTbos gasazomad gamoyenebul iqna ara marto<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
50-ian wlebSive Caisaxa mWida maslebis sferoSi axali<br />
mimarTuleba alunitis safuZvelze swrafad Semkvradi cementebis<br />
<strong>qimia</strong>sa da teqnologiaSi.<br />
1952 wels JurnalSi `ssrk-s mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
moxsenebebi~ qveyndeba betoni kalesa da mis mowafeebis<br />
naSromSi `alunitiani cementi~. masSi Seiswavleba aluniti<br />
+ kirqva narevi da am narevis safuZvelze miRebuli cementi.<br />
am naSroms mohyva samuSaoTa cikli da 1957-59 wlebSi k.<br />
quTaTelaZe n. jinWaraZesTan erTad sTavazobs samecniero da<br />
teqnikur sazogadoebas axal monacemebsa da gamoyenebis<br />
sferoebs alunitze miRebuli cementebisa, 1959 wels<br />
kvlevaSi erTveba k. quTaTelaZis mowafe, amJamad t.m.d.<br />
profesori, silikatebis teqnologiis kaTedris gamge T.<br />
gabadaZe, romelic batoni kales gardacvalebis Semdeg<br />
xelmZRvanelobs am mimarTulebas.<br />
alunitian narevebSi cementebis Sekvrisa da gamyarebis<br />
dros da gafarToebisas mimdianre procesebis. am cementebis<br />
fazuri Sedgenilobisa da mravali teqnologiuri parametre-<br />
34
is gavlenis Rrma Seswavlisa da analizis safuZvelze. maT<br />
mier mieRebul iqna swrafadmagrebadi cementebis klasi<br />
unikaluri TvisebebiTa da gamoyenebis sferoebiT. batoni<br />
kalesa da misi mowafeebis prioriteti am cementebis miRebaSi<br />
aRiarebulia sayovelTad da hpova farTo praqtkuli<br />
gamoyeneba.<br />
alunitSemcveli narevidan miRebul iqna wyalgaumtari<br />
gamfarToebadi portlandcementi, swrafadSemkvradi maRalmdgradi<br />
anhidrituli cementi, gamfarToebadi cementi brZmedis<br />
widis safuZvelze, xurvalmedegi gamfarToebadi,<br />
damZabavi da mravali sxva saxis da daniSnulebis cementi.<br />
rogorc yovelTvis, batoni kales gverdiT am wamowyebaSi<br />
iyvnen misi mowafeebi: i. surgulaZe, v. sixaruliZe, g. sxvitariZe,<br />
n. nergaZe, n. zenaiSvili da mravali sxvani.<br />
mWida masalebis sferoSi, garda zemoaRniSnulisa, k,<br />
quTaTelaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Sesrulda mravali sxva<br />
samuSao, romelTa Soris aRvniSnavT:<br />
1. barium-sulfatiani cementebis miReba. am cementebis<br />
ZiriTad Rirsebas warmoadgenda maRali meqanikuri simtkice<br />
da Zlier gamoxatuli hidravlikuri Tviseba. samuSao Sesrulebul<br />
iqna aspirant gerievasTan erTad.<br />
2. sulfatmedegi uxvmanganumiani widacementis Seqmna v.<br />
SafaqiZis, i. ficxelaurisa da a. rustamberkovis monawileobiT.<br />
3. swrafadSemkvradi widaportlandcementis miReba; k.<br />
Tandilovas, p. slavinskisa da n. enuqiZesTan erTad. am<br />
cementis gamoyenebiT daixvewa viswro gangliviT miRebuli<br />
nakeTobebis teqnologia.<br />
4. naSromebi, Sesrulebuli i. CxikvaZesTan erTad,<br />
atmosferomedegi kirqva-pucolanuri cementebis sferoSi.<br />
5. kvlevaTa cikli Sesrulebuli g. zaaliSvilTan, a.<br />
rustambekovsa da r. lekiSvilTan erTad specialuri daniSnulebis<br />
cementebis sferoSi. saqme exeba cementebs, romelTa<br />
ZiriTad Tvisebas warmoadgens radiaqtiuri gamosxivebisadmi<br />
maRali mdgradoba da gamoiyeneba atomur teqnikaSi. am<br />
35
sferoSi Seiqmna Tvisobrivad axali Sedgenilobis cementebi,<br />
romlebmac hpova sruli aRiareba.<br />
verc erTi dagri, uSualod dakavSirebuli maRaltemperaturul<br />
procesebTan ver iarsebebs Tboteqnikuri danadgarebisaTvis<br />
saWiro masalisa da sazomi xelsawyoebis dacvis<br />
gareSe. am sefroSi k. quTaTelaZis moRvaweoba iseTive<br />
nayofieria, rogorc silikatebis mecnierebisa da teqnikis<br />
nebismier dargSi.<br />
jer kidev ormocian wlebSi, k. quTaTelaZe aqtiurad<br />
monawileobda adgilobrivi masalebis gamoyenebiT Samotis<br />
miRebis saqmeSi. samuSaoebi gagrZelda ormocdaaTian wlebSi<br />
da Semdgom periodSic, ZiriTadad, e. zedgeniZesTan erTad.<br />
Seiqmna msubuqi cecxlgamZle liptobiolituri fiqalis<br />
ganacrisa da nacris gamoyenebiT, forsterituli<br />
cecxlgamZle qviSisa da CorCanis serpentinitebis safuZvelze<br />
(v. glurjiZesTan erTad). ajameTis qalcedonis gamoyenebiT<br />
miRebul iqna msubuqi dinasi.<br />
Sesrulda kvlevaTa cikli, romelmac miipyro mravali<br />
metalurgiuli qarxnis yuradReba. kaolinis nitrirebisas<br />
mimdinare procesebis Seswavlis safuZvelze saSen masalebis<br />
institutSi iqmneba sazomi xelsawyoebis, maRali temperaturebisa<br />
da agresiuli garemos mimarT mdgradi damcavi masalebi.<br />
Tavis umcros kolegebTan, batoni kales mowafeebTan _<br />
r. pirumovasa da l. lorTqifaniZesTan erTad, k. quTaTela-<br />
Zisa da e. zedgeniZes mier kaolinisa da aluminis pudrisagan<br />
miRebuli narevis azotis denSi gamowviT miiReba masala,<br />
romelic ar ganicdis korozias foladis, Tujis, kadmiumis,<br />
tyviis, kalasa da bismutis nadnobebSi. CayvinTvis<br />
TermowylebisaTvis SemoTavazebul da gamoyenebul iqna<br />
karborundis masalebi, romelSic Semkvrelis rols asrulebda<br />
kalciumis nitridi. Seqmnilma masalebma daimsaxura<br />
rusTavis, doneckis, zlatoustis, Celiabinskis, komunarskisa<br />
da sxva metalurgili qarxnebis maRali Sefaseba.<br />
saqarTvelos didi tradiciebi gaaCnia keramikuli<br />
masalebis damzdeba-moxmarebaSi. keramikisagan Sesrulebuli<br />
36
nakeTobani warmoadgens Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis nivTobriv<br />
Zeglebs. k. quTaTelaZe kargad erkveoda am sakiTxSi da ar<br />
zogavda Zalasa da energias silikaturi mrewvelobis am<br />
<strong>dargis</strong> Semdgomi ganviTarebis saqmeSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi CamosvlisTanave batoni kale did<br />
yuradRebas uTmobs adgilobriv Tixebs _ keramikis erT-erT<br />
ZiriTad gamosaval masalas. meore sazrunavs warmoadgenda<br />
TanamoazreTa jgufis Camoyalibeba da, rogorc yovelTvis,<br />
batoni kale eZebs maT, ZiriTadad Tavis mowafeebs Soris.<br />
kaTedraze swavlebisas igi studentTa Soris avlens saqmisadmi<br />
erTgulebs da andobs maT Tavisi ideebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
ase yalibdeba jgufi kvlevaTa mimarTulebiT. ase Seiqmna<br />
is ZiriTadi Zala, romelmac SeZlo keramikis sferoSi<br />
Caetarebina metad saintereso gamokvlevebi. ai, isinic: i.<br />
xizaniSvili, g. gafrindaSvili, g. gverdwiTeli, q. qinqlaZe,<br />
r. mamalaZe, z. kovziriZe, i. royva, g. lolaZe, e. xaraSvili<br />
da sxvani.<br />
batoni kales xelmZRvanelobiT keramikis sferoSi<br />
Sesrulda metad nayofieri samecniero kvlevaTa cikli.<br />
aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom am kvlevaTa safuZvels<br />
warmoadgens batoni kales mier Camoyalibebuli mosazrebebi<br />
keramikul da sxva silikatur masebSi mimdinare myarfaza<br />
reaqciebis Sesaxeb.<br />
miiReba da praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba gamWvirvale, feradi<br />
da yruWiqurobis farTo sfeqtri, originaluri keramikuli<br />
pigmentebi, aRdgena-daJangviTi safarebi. yuradRebas ipyrobs<br />
faifuris, naxevrad faifurisa da sxva faqizkeramikuli<br />
masebis miReba perlitisa da traqitis safuZvelze da<br />
kaolinis gareSe yvela es kvleva emyareba mTis qanebis Taviseburebebis<br />
Rrma Seswavlas.<br />
keramikul mrewvelobaSi CvenSi da Cveni qveynis gare-<br />
Tac arsebuli e.w. `mindvrisSpaturi~ SimSili gadalaxul<br />
iqna mindvris Spatebis nacvlad fsevdokristaluri perlitisa<br />
da kristaluri traqitis mTis qanebis SeyvaniT keramikul<br />
kazmebSi.<br />
37
axali komponentebis SeyvaniT unda Secvliliyo keramikuli<br />
masebis reologiuri Tvisebebi da struqturis<br />
formirebis kinetika, romelTa dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebeli<br />
iyo nakeTobaTa miRebis optimaluri gzebis dadgena.<br />
batoni kale misTvis Cveuli energiiTa da gamWriaxobiT<br />
xelmZRvanelobda am samuSaoebs da Teoriuli kvleva daiyvana<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis praqtikul ganxorcielebamde.<br />
am mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuli kvlevis Sedegi iyo<br />
axali, Teoriulad da praqtikulad dasabuTebuli daskvna,<br />
kerZod, _ perlitis gamoyenebisas faqizkeramikuli masis<br />
misaRebad SeiZleba Seicvalos kidev erTi, sakmaod deficituri<br />
nedleuli _ kaolini. mis magivrobas kazmSi gaswevs<br />
Tixamiwa da Tixa.<br />
kvleva kvlav grZeldeba da perlitis gamoyenebiT<br />
miiReba TvisebebiT sapirispiro masalebi. dabaltemperaturuli<br />
da xurvalmedegi keramika. pervelis _ xurvalmedegi<br />
keramikis miRebaSi ZiriTadad gamosaval nedleuls emateba<br />
boTlis minis lewi, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, mTis piris<br />
traqiti da agaris Talki.<br />
traqiti, romlis ZiriTad minerals warmoadgens<br />
kaliumis mindvris Spatis maRaltemperaturuli modifikacia<br />
_ sanidini, potenciurad mindvris Spatis tolfasi masalaa<br />
_ miiCnevs batoni kale. marTlac am mTis qanis gamoyenebiT<br />
miiReba sanitarul-teqnikuri da sayofacxovrebo keramikuli<br />
nakeTobani.<br />
ormocdaaTian wlebSi k. quTaTelaZe Seiswavlis<br />
uxvaluminian minis masebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas minis<br />
taris manqanur warmoebaSi. Znelia moiZebnos sxva am xerxiT<br />
Sesrulebuli kvleva. SeiZleba Tu ara gamoviyenoT minis<br />
qanebi (andeziti, bazalti, traqiti, pegmatiti) taris<br />
warmoebaSi? erTi SexedviT, am martivi amocanis gadawyvetisas,<br />
batoni kale v. demCenkosTan erTad Rebulobs Sedegebs,<br />
romlebsac aqvT globaluri mniSvneloba. k. quTaTelaZe<br />
aRmoCnda erT-erTi pirvelTagani, romelmac Teoriulad da<br />
praqtikulad daamtkica uxvaluminiani minebis gamoyenebis<br />
38
araTu SesaZlebloba, aramed mizanSewonilebac fiderian da<br />
vakuumur manqanebze.<br />
1960 wels k. quTaTelaZe acnobs farTo sazogadoebas<br />
saqarTvelos codnis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis periodikiT<br />
minasa da misi gamoyenebis sferoebs.<br />
wlebis manZilze igi ikvlevda da praqtikulad Rebulobda<br />
minis boWkos, samSeneblo minas, minis izolatorebs,<br />
minis naxevargamtarebs, qimiurad mdgrad minebs, minakristalur<br />
masalebs.<br />
sazogadod, rogorc wesi, kvleva-Ziebis dawyebamde<br />
iqmneboda koleqtivi. masSi Sediodnen: moskovis qimiurteqnologiuri<br />
institutis aspiranturadamTavrebuli t.m.k.<br />
e. fircxalava, v. demCenko, r. verulaSvili, T. sariSvili, a.<br />
saruxaniSvili, e. vasermani. SemdgomSi minis Teoriasa da<br />
praqtikaSi batoni kales TanamSemweebi iyvnen l. xarTiSvili,<br />
g. kakabaZe, d. TayaiSvili, T. WeiSvili, n. quTaTelaZe da<br />
mravali sxv., romelTa umravlesoba dRes ukve gamocdili<br />
mkvlevaria.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom batoni kale SesaniSnavad icnobda<br />
minis nadnobis SesaZleblobebs. isic icoda, rom e.w.<br />
`zemodan~ dakristalebiT am nadnobidan SeiZleboda miRebuliyo<br />
sxmuli qva _ poli da monomineraluri nakeTobani,<br />
romelTa gamoyenebis sfero metad farToa. saqarTveloSi,<br />
sadac moipoveba sxmuli qvis warmoebsiaTvis TiTqmis aRuracxeli<br />
nedleuli, amgvari warmoebis organizaciisaTvis<br />
batoni kale mimarTavs maT Seswavlas da praqtikul ganxorcielebas.<br />
am procesSi ikveTeba dakristalebis marTvis<br />
SesaZlebloba teqnologiuri procesebis Tanmimdevrobis<br />
SecvliTa da specialuri danamatebis SeyvaniT.<br />
50-60-ian wlebSi samecniero-teqnikur periodikaSi sul<br />
ufro xSirad Cndeba cnobebi axali minakristaluri masalebis<br />
aRmoCena-gamoyenebis sferoSi. foto-da pirokeramikas _<br />
ruseTSi sitals uwodebdnen. am masalis unikalurma Tvisebebma<br />
gamoiwvia aRniSnuli mimarTulebis samuSaoTa arnaxuli<br />
aRorZineba. ruseTSi iqmneba e.w. petrositali, ris Semdeg am<br />
39
masalis avtorad cxaddeba ruseTis erT-erTi TvalsaCino<br />
mecnieri i. kataigordski, magram am sazogadoebisaTvis rCeba<br />
ucnobi, rom saqarTveloSi TiTqmis erTdroulad (Tu<br />
ramdenadme adre ara), k. quTaTelaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Seqmnilia<br />
masala, romelic gamoiyeneba zRvispira rkinigzis<br />
nagebobebis dasacavad. aRniSnuli masala Tavisi bunebiTa da<br />
TvisebebiT petrositalis analogi iyo.<br />
samSeneblo minis SedgenilobaTa damuSavebisas batoni<br />
kale yuradRebas uTmobs mTis qanebs, rogorc gamosavali<br />
kazmis erT-erT ZiriTad komponents. perlitis, bazaltis,<br />
warmoebis narCenebisa da sxva aradeficitur masalaTa safuZvelze<br />
miiReba mosapirkeTebeli filebi, xariCa _ mozaikuri<br />
filakebi, zedapirulad dekoratiuli nakeTobani. am kvlevebisas<br />
gamomuSavda axali midgoma samSeneblo minebis sakiTxebisadmi.<br />
gamoiyeneba uCveulo, magram teqnologiisadmi damyoli<br />
Sedgenilobebi, deficituri da toqsikuri danamatebi<br />
icvleba igive funqciuri daniSnulebis sxva masalebiT,<br />
regulirdeba da racionalurad gamoiyeneba SemuSavebuli<br />
minebis Tavisebureba. regulirebadi, prognozirebadi da<br />
kontrolirebadi teqnologiebis SesaniSnav magaliTs warmoadgens<br />
k. quTaTelaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Sesrulebuli samuSaoebi<br />
eleqtroteqnikuri da eleqtronuli daniSnulebis<br />
masalebis Seqmnis sferoSi. am samuSaoTa Sedegebi warmoadgens<br />
did interess dieleqtrikuli da naxevargamtari<br />
masalebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT. metic, rig samuSaoTa<br />
Sedegebma hpova praqtikuli ganxorcielebac.<br />
k. quTaTelaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna minebis axali<br />
klasi _ manganituri. am klasis minebis gamoyenebis sfero<br />
metad moculobiTia da Seicavs Tanamedrove mecnierebisa da<br />
teqnikis TiTqmis yvela dargs. am mimarTulebiT kvleva<br />
grZeldeba dResac batoni kales mowafis, t.m.d. profesor a.<br />
saruxaniSvilis mier stu-is fizikuri qimiis kaTedraze.<br />
b-ni kale 300-ze meti samecniero naSromis avtoria,<br />
maTgan 100-ze meti saavtoro mowmoba da patentia, romelTa<br />
umravlesobam saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova.<br />
40
akademikos nikoloz landias cxovreba da<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
TvalsaCino qarTveli mecnieri qimikosi nikoloz<br />
(kukuri) aleqsandres Ze landia daibada 1919 wlis 26<br />
ianvars q. quTaisSi qarTveli inteligentis ojaxSi.<br />
mama _ aleqsandre iyo maswavlebeli, deda _ Tamar margvelaSvili<br />
_ diasaxlisi. nikoloz landias saskolo wlebi<br />
da mTeli Tavisi Semdgomi cxovreba dakavSirebuli iyo q.<br />
TbilisTan, sadac miiRo saSualo ganaTleba.<br />
1935 wels igi Sevida saqarTvelos industriul institutSi,<br />
romelic 1940 wels warCinebiT daamTavra qimikos –<br />
teqnologis specialobiT.<br />
1941 wlis ianvridan 1945 wlamde muSaobda sakvebmrewvproeqtis<br />
institutSi inJiner-teqnologad, Semdgom ki<br />
ufros inJinrad. igi iyo kvebis mrewvelobis rigi msxvili<br />
obieqtebis teqnologiuri nawilis avtori, riTac didi<br />
SemoqmedebiTi wvlili Seitana am <strong>dargis</strong> ganviTarebaSi.<br />
1941 wels saproeqto institutSi muSaobis paralelurad,<br />
Sevida saqarTvelos politeqnikur institutis aspiranturaSi<br />
araorganul nivTierebaTa teqnologiis specialobiT.<br />
1945 w. sakandidato disertaciis dacvis Semdeg, dainiSna<br />
kaTedris asistentad da fakultetis dekanis moadgiled.<br />
Semdgom wlebSi muSaobda politeqnikuri istitutis samecniero-kvleviTi<br />
seqtoris gamged, saswavlo nawilis gamged,<br />
fakultetis dekanad, 1953 wlis ivlisidan 1959 wlis<br />
Tebervlamde ki _ proreqtorad saswavlo nawilSi. 1947w. n.<br />
landia daamtkices docentis Tanamdebobaze da konkursiT<br />
airCies kaTdris gamged. 1949 – 1951 wlebSi ssrk<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis doqtorantia.<br />
1958 w. TebervalSi n. landiam ssrk-is mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis n.s. kurnakovis saxelobis zogadi da araorganuli<br />
qimiis institutSi warmatebiT daicva sadoqtoro disertacia,<br />
imave wels miiRo qimiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris<br />
xarisxi, Semdeg ki profesoris wodeba.<br />
41
1958 wlis ivlisSi igi daqorwinda cisana ivanes asul<br />
wereTelze, qimikos-teqnologze, romelsac icnobda 9 wlis<br />
asakidan da romelTanac erTad gaatara mTeli Semdgomi<br />
cxovreba.<br />
1959 wlis Tebervlidan 1960 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda<br />
laboratorias saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis metalurgiis<br />
institutSi, xolo 1960 wlis ivnisidan dainiSna araorganuli<br />
qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutis direqtorad.<br />
1961 w. airCies saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
wevr-korespondentad, xolo 1974 w. _ akademikosad.<br />
1972 wlis maisidan 1974 wlamde asrulebda saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikos – mdivnis movaleobas,<br />
xolo 1974 wlis martSi airCies amave Tanamdebobaze. 1981<br />
wlidan 1984 wlamde iyo saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
vice-prezidenti.<br />
adreve gamoikveTa n. landias gansakuTrebuli interesebis<br />
sfero. misi Sromebi exeba Termo<strong>qimia</strong>s, qimiur teqnologias<br />
da teqnologiuri procsebis Seswavlas fizikurqimiuri<br />
da Termodinamikuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. teqnlogiuri<br />
xasiaTis mniSvnelvan gamokvlevas warmoadgens n. landias<br />
sakandidato disertacia. masSi damuSavebulia sodis<br />
warmoebis sruliad axali, originaluri da im droisaTvis<br />
metad prgresuli meTodi saqarTvelos mirabilitis gamoyenebiT.<br />
warmodgenili meTodisaTvis avtorma, mis xelmZRvanel<br />
prof. v. kakabaZesTan erTad miiRo saavtoro mowmoba. Sromis<br />
nawili gamoqveynda JurnalSi `Хтьтческая промышленность~,<br />
romelsac axlavs redaqciis specialuri SeniSvna Catarebuli<br />
samuSaos mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. es meTodi rekomendebulia<br />
sxva samecniero kvleviTi organizaciebisaTvis. am Sromis<br />
safuZvelze sodis mrewvelobis sakavSiro samecniero-kvleviT<br />
institutSi a. gorbanovis da d. ginzburgis mier damu-<br />
Savda rigi Temebisa. aRsaniSnavia, rom a. gorbanovis sadoqtoro<br />
disertacia faqtiurad warmoadgenda aRniSnuli Sromis<br />
ganviTarebas. meTodi Semowmda msxvil laboratoriul<br />
danadgarze saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis liTon-<br />
42
Ta teqnologiis kaTedris laboratoriaSi. Sedegebi savsebiT<br />
damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda da Setanil iqna avtoris sadoqtoro<br />
disertaciaSi.<br />
n. landia did yuradRebas uTmobda maRaltemperaturuli<br />
procesebis Seswavlas qimiuri Termodinamikis meTodebis<br />
gamoyenebiT. pirveli specialuri Sromebi am sferoSi eZRvneba<br />
teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT metad mniSvnelovan Termuli<br />
da Termodinamikuri Tvisebebis dadgenas, maT miekuTvneba<br />
Sromebi, romlebSic dadgenilia myari uwylo natriumis<br />
sulfatis elementebisagan warmoqmnis Tavisufali energiis<br />
mniSvnelobebi, myari uwylogogirdovani natriumis Tbotevadobis<br />
da entropiis mniSvnelobebi, myari uwylo gogirdovani<br />
natriumis elementebisagan warmoqmnis Tavisufali<br />
energia da myari uwylo natriumis sulfatis da hidrosulfidis<br />
warmqmnis Tavisufali energiebi. am samuSaoebis<br />
Sesruleba moiTxovda literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebis<br />
detalur analizs, meTodis SerCevas da Sesabamisi angari-<br />
Sebis Catarebas. Sromebis Sedegebi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan<br />
sacnobaro masalas; misi nawili CarTulia qimiuri naerTebis<br />
Termodinamikuri Tvisebebis rCeuli monacemebis krebulSi,<br />
romelic 1952 wels gamoaqveyna amerikis standartebis<br />
nacionalurma biurom.<br />
maRali temperaturuli procesebis kvlevisaTvis gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania n. landias Sromebi, romlebic<br />
eZRvneba kristaluri araorganuli naerTebis maRaltemperaturuli<br />
Tbotevadobis gansazRvras. qimiur nivTierebaTa<br />
maRaltemperaturuli Tbotevadobis temperaturisagan damokidebulebis<br />
codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia ara marto Termodinamikuri,<br />
aramed qimiur – teqnologiuri, mtalurgiuli<br />
da sxva maRaltemperaturuli procesebis Tburi gamokvlevebis<br />
Catareba. amitom, n. landias Sromebi, romlebic Seqmnilia<br />
am mimarTulebiT, metad aqtualuria ara marto zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili, aramed axali teqnikis sxva dargebisaTvisac.<br />
n. landias mier gamoqveynebul gamo<strong>kvlevebSi</strong>, aseve mis<br />
sadoqtoro disertaciaSi Temaze: `myari araorganuli<br />
43
naerTebis maRaltemperaturuli Tbotevadobis angariSi<br />
standartuli entropiis mixedviT~ mocemulia Tbotevadobis<br />
gamoTvlis sruliad axali entropiuli meTodi. am meTods<br />
safuZvlad udevs myari tanis Tbotevadobis kvanturi Teoriis<br />
zogierTi rezultati da fuzikur – qimiuri Sexedulebebi<br />
Tbotevadobis gavlenisa da gaxurebisas maTSi mimdinare<br />
gardaqmnebze. ganxilulia 260 nivTierebis Tbotevadoba<br />
da naCvenebia axali meTodis sizuste sxva arsebul meTodebTan<br />
SedarebiT. miRebuli Sedegebi mniSvnelovania qimiurteqnologiuri,<br />
metalurgiuli da sxva maRaltemperaturuli<br />
procesebis kvlevisa da ganviTarebisaTvis, agreTve mniSvnelovania<br />
zogadi da fizikuri qimiis mTeli rigi sakiTxebis<br />
Seswavlisas. maT aqvT garkveuli mniSvneloba liTonTa fizikis<br />
da maTi teqnologiis zogierTi sakiTxis ganxilvisas.<br />
sayuradReboa, rom n. landia iyo teqnikis mecnierebaTa<br />
kandidati, xolo sadoqtoro disertacia waradgina qimiis<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad.<br />
mis pirad arqivSi inaxeba stenograma ssrk-s mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis n.s. kurnakovis saxelobis zogadi da araorganuli<br />
qimiis institutis 1958 wlis 25 Tebervlis samecniero<br />
sabWos sxdomisa, romelzedac n. landiam daicva sadoqtoro<br />
disertacia. Sromam miiRo maRali Sefaseba ara marto<br />
oficialuri oponentebisagan, aramed iseTi cnobili mecnierebesagan,<br />
rogorebic iyvnen akad. s.i. volfkoviCi, akad. wevr<br />
-kor. a.f. kapustinski, prof. p.n. muraCi, prof. a.n. krestovnikovi<br />
da sxvebi.<br />
amerikel <strong>mecnierTa</strong> krebulSi (`Земная кора~) romelic<br />
ssrk-Si 1957 wels gamoica, moTavsebulia rambergis<br />
statia, romelSic didi mniSvneloba eniWeba n. landias me-<br />
Tods petrogenezisis Termodinamikis sakiTxebis damuSavebisas.<br />
n. landias da o. mWedlov-petrosianis statiam, romelic<br />
dafuZnebulia n. landias gaTvlis meTodze, farTo<br />
gamoxmaureba hpova da Setanilia ramdenime monografiaSi,<br />
kerZod, n. landias da o. mWedlov-petrosians sadiskusio<br />
44
statiam v. lebedevis Sromebis Sesaxeb, romelic silikatebis<br />
warmoqmnis procesis energetikul analizs exeba, Jurnalis<br />
redaqciis sruli mxardaWera miiRo.<br />
1959 wels n. landiam Seasrula samuSao, romelic<br />
exeba feromagnituri, antiferomagnituri da ferimagnituri<br />
kristaluri nivTierebebis maRaltemperaturuli Tbotevadobis<br />
kvlevas, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada gaTvlebis Catareba<br />
rogorc aramagnituri, ise magnituri nawilis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
magnituri nawili miRebulia atomur-magnitur momentTan<br />
(boris magnetonebSi) da naerTis molekulaSi magnitoaqtiuri<br />
atomebis ricxvTan damkidebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
aseTi midgoma sxvavdeba disertaciaSi ganxiluli midgomisagan<br />
da ukeTes Sedegebs iZleva. yvela sxva cnobili<br />
meTodi ar iZleva saSualebas ricxobrivad gamoiTvalon<br />
damatebiTi Tbotevadoba, amitom, n. landias mier miRebuli<br />
Sedegebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos uaRresad sainteresod da<br />
mniSvnelovnad.<br />
1961 wels n. landiam d. cagareiSvilTan erTad<br />
gamoaqveyna statia, romelSic ainStainis, debais da tarasovis<br />
funqciebi kristaluri nivTierebebis Tbotevadobis da<br />
entropiisaTvis temperaturaTa did intervalSi iseTi<br />
saxiTaa moyvanili, rom SesaZlebelia advilad Catardes<br />
maTematikuri gardaqmnebi da damyardes kavSiri calkeul<br />
sidideebs Soris. amasTan, rogorc cnobilia, es funqciebi<br />
metad rTulia da maTi gamoyenebisaTvis xmaroben simbolur<br />
Caweras.<br />
1962 wels saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
gamomcemlobam gamosca n. landias monografia `myari<br />
araorganuli naerTebis maRaltemperaturuli Tbotevadobis<br />
angariSi standartuli entropiis mixedviT~.<br />
monografia warmoadgens sadoqtoro disertaciis ganvi-<br />
Tarebas, magram mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba misgan. monografiis<br />
moculobis mesamedi axali masalaa, kerZod, sruliad<br />
axleburad aris ganxiluli feromagnituri, antiferomagnituri<br />
da ferimagnituri nivTierebebis Tbotevadoba da<br />
45
maTze fazuri gardaqmnis gavlenis sakiTxi. monografiis<br />
gamosvlis Semdeg n. landias meTodi ufro farTod gamoiyeneba<br />
rogorc Cvens qveyanaSi, ise sazRvargareT. magaliTad,<br />
babuSkinis da sxvaTa monografia, romelic ruseTSi orjer<br />
aris gamocemuli, xolo 1985 wels germaniaSi gamoica,<br />
mniSvnelovan wilad dafuZnebulia n. landias meTodze. es<br />
meTodi mTlianad aris aRwerili cnobarSi da CarTulia<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi. meTodis farTo gamoyeneba Termoqimiuri<br />
gamoTvlebis dros rekomendebulia fizikuri qimiisa da<br />
silikatebis Termoqimiis iseTi didi specialistebis mier,<br />
rogoric aris v. eiteli.<br />
n. landias rCeul SromebSi wlebis mixedviT<br />
miTiTebulia im samecniero publikaciebis nusxa romlebic<br />
xelmisawvdomi gaxda `rCeuli Sromebis~ redkolegiisaTvis.<br />
1963 wels gamoqveynda n. landias da d. cagareiSvilis<br />
statia, romelSic dadgenilia, rom araorganul naerTTa<br />
standartuli entropiis miaxloebiTi gamoTvlis meTodebi<br />
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am naerTis maRaltemperaturuli<br />
Tbotevadobis gaangariSebisas. naCvenebia atomuri entropiis<br />
sididis, atomuri Tbotevadobis da lRobis temperaturis<br />
gavlena gamoTvlis cdomilebaze.<br />
1959-1960 ww. n. landias TaosnobiT mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis or dawesebulebaSi _ metalurgiis da araorganuli<br />
qimiis da eleqtroqimiis institutebSi Camoyalibda<br />
laboratoriebi, sadac warmatebiT mimdinareobs Termodinamikuri<br />
da Termoqimiuri kvlevebi.<br />
kalorimetriis da qimiuri Termodinamikis VI sakavSiro<br />
konferenciaze, romelic n. landias TavmjdomareobiT<br />
Catarda q. TbilisSi 1973 wels, monawileoba miiRo 200-mde<br />
gamoCenilma sabWoTa da ucxoelma specialistebma. sagangebod<br />
aRiares is faqti, rom n. landiam saqarTveloSi Seqmna<br />
Termodinamikuri kvlevebis mZlavri samecniero centri.<br />
n. landiam Tavis kolegebTan erTad, umokles vadaSi<br />
Seqmna ara marto unikaluri mowyobiloba-danadgarebi kvlevebis<br />
Casatareblad, aramed daxvewa saTanado meTodikac da<br />
46
aRzarda qarTveli Termoqimikosebis saukeTeso kadrebi,<br />
romlebic maRali avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen Cvensa da<br />
ucxoel specialistebs Soris.<br />
saqarTvelos mercnierebaTa akademiis araorganuli<br />
qimiisa da eleqtroqimiis institutis Termoqimiis laboratoria,<br />
romelsac n. landia xelmZRvanelobda 1960-72<br />
wlebSi da dRes mis saxels atarebs, wamyvan samecniero<br />
centrad iTvleba eqsperimentuli Termodinamikis dargSi,<br />
myar nivTierebaTa maRaltemperaturuli Tvisebebis Sesaswavlad<br />
(enTalpia, Tbotevadoba, entropia, standartuli<br />
Termodinamikuri funqciebi da sxv.)<br />
n. landiam Tavis mowafeebTan erTad Seqmna originaluri<br />
preziciuli Serevis tipis masiuri adiabaturi kalorimetri.<br />
amisaTvis n. landiam xangZlivi vadiT moskovSi<br />
kurnakovis saxelobis zogadi da araorganuli qimiis<br />
institutSi miavlina g. CaCaniZe da a. Cuprini.<br />
kalorimetri gamoirCeva gazomvebis maRali sizustiT<br />
(0,2-0,3%), muSaobs temperaturis farTo diapazonSi (298-<br />
1300 K) da ZiriTad kvanZebSi avtomaturad imarTeba. am<br />
tipis kalorimetrSi temperaturis gasazomad pirvelad n.<br />
landiam gamoiyena naxevargamtari tipis temperaturis sazomi<br />
_ Termistori, romelic maRali mgrZnobiarobiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom n. landias TaosnobiT da xelSewyobiT<br />
Termoqimiis laboratoria moicavs eqsperimentuli<br />
Termodinamikis TiTqmis yvela aspeqts. garda zemoxsenebuli<br />
maRaltemperaturuli kalorimetrisa, laboratoriaSi agebulia<br />
WeSmariti Tbotevadobis sazomi dabaltemperaturuli<br />
kalorimetri, romlis eqsperimerntuli diapazoni 20-300 Kmdea.<br />
aqve funqcionirebs Setaram-is firmis diferencialuri<br />
skanirebis kalorimetri DSC-III maRaltemperaturuli Tbotevadobisa<br />
da fazuri gardaqmnebis energetikis dasadgenad;<br />
kalorimetri HT-1500 – fazuri gardaqmnebis da entropiis<br />
Sesaswavlad; kalves tipis kalorimetri _ gaxsnis da<br />
warmoqmnis siTbos da jibsis Tavisufali energiis dasadgenad;<br />
firma MOM-derivatografi, balistikuri danadgari<br />
47
fizikur-qimiuri da magnituri kvlevebis Casatareblad da<br />
sxv.<br />
1965 wels gamoqveynda statia, romelSic aRwerilia<br />
Termoqimiis laboratoriaSi Seqmnili maRaltemperaturuli<br />
Serevis tipis adiabaturi kalorimetri da misi regulirebis<br />
kvanZebis muSaobis principi. statiam didi interesi<br />
gamoiwvia rogorc CvenSi, ise sazRvargareT. maRaltemperaturul<br />
kalorimetrSi Termistoris gamoyenebas da misi<br />
dagraduirebis saimedoobas eZRvneba g. CaCaniZesa da<br />
n. leJavasTan erTad gamoqveynebuli statiebi. Termistoris<br />
gamoyenebiT n. landiam da misma TanamSromlebma SeZles<br />
sakmao maRali siuzustiT ( ± 1,0%) gaezomaT Tbotevadoba<br />
standartul temperaturaze, rasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
enTalpiisa da Tbotevadobis gantolebaTa cdomilebis<br />
SemcirebisaTvis. statiebma specialistebis didi interesi<br />
gamoiwvia, orive iTargmna inglisurad da gamoica aSS-Si.<br />
aRniSnuli danadgarebis gamoyenebiT n. landiam 1960-84<br />
wlebSi Tavis mowafeebTan erTad farTo kvlevebis safuZvelze<br />
daadgina mecnierebisa da teqnikisaTvis mniSvnelovani<br />
obieqtebis _ feritebis da maTi myari xsnarebis ZiriTadi<br />
Termodinamikuri Tvisebebi. am samuSaoTa aqtualuroba naTeli<br />
gaxdeba Tu vityviT, rom XX saukenes feritebis saukunes<br />
uwodeben. am masalebs iyeneben atomur da kosmosur<br />
teqnikaSi, kibernetikaSi, eleqtronul-gamomTvlel manqanebSi<br />
da sxv. didia maTi roli agreTve maRal da zemaRal<br />
sixSireebze imis gamo, rom maTSi unikalurad aris Serwymuli<br />
magnituri da naxevrad gamtaruli Tvisebebi. naTelia, Tu<br />
ra didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kvlevebs feritebis Termodinamikis<br />
dargSi.<br />
1965 wels mesame sakavSiro konferenciaze kalorimetriasa<br />
da naxevargamtarebSi qimiuri bmis problemebTan dakav-<br />
Sirebul sakavSiro TaTbirze moxsenebul iqna nikelis,<br />
kobaltis, bariumis da TuTiis feritebis maRaltemperaturuli<br />
enTalpiis kvlevis Sedegebi. moxsenebebi krebulSi<br />
gamoqverynda da iTargmna inglisurad. 1966 wels gamoqveynda<br />
48
statia nikelis da kobaltis maRaltemperaturuli enTalpiis<br />
Sesaxeb, romelSic naCvenebia frangi mkvlevaris bosirolis<br />
mier adre Catarebuli gamokvlevis didi cdomileba da<br />
mocemulia axali sidideebi. Semdgom wlebSi n. landia<br />
TanamSromlebTan erTad ikvlevs ara marto individualur<br />
feritebs, aramed sistemebs, romlebSic SesaZlebelia kanonzomierebis<br />
damyareba Termul Tvisebas, Sedgenilobasa da<br />
koncentracias Soris. pirveli aseTi sistema iyo<br />
NiFe2O4_ZnFe2O4. gamoqveynebuli statiebi Seicavs saintereso<br />
masalas, romlebic adasturebs Termistoris gamoyenebis<br />
did mniSvnelobas da avlens nikel-TuTiis feritebis<br />
myar xsnarebSi saintereso kanonzomierebebis arsebobas.<br />
1969 wels iwyeba BaO-Fe2O3 sistemis kvlevis Sedegebis<br />
publikacia, rac garkveul Teoriul interess iwvevs,<br />
radgan es sistema Seicavs feromagnitur heqsaferits da<br />
orToferits, romelic gaxurebisas icvlis Tavis Sedgenilobas.<br />
bariumis heqsaferitis enTalpia da Tbotevadoba<br />
gaizoma temperaturis farTo diapazonSi 50-1300-K. Seswavlil<br />
iqna bariumis rTuli heqsaferitebis Me2W(Me=Ni, Cu)<br />
maRaltemperaturuli enTalpia da Tbotevadoba. kvlevis<br />
Sedegebi moxsenebul iqna saerTaSoriso konferenciaze<br />
monpelieSi (safrangeTi).<br />
1971 w. moskovSi kalorimetriis V sakavSiro konferenciaze<br />
moxsenebul iqna liTium-TuTiis feritebis myari<br />
xsnarebis enTalpiisa da Tbotevadobis kvlevis Sedegebi. am<br />
gamokvleviT iwyeba liTiumSemcveli feritebis da feroaluminatebis<br />
kvlevis Sedegebis publikacia. liTium-TuTiis<br />
feritebis myar xsnarebze pirvelad gamoicada n. landias<br />
axali meTodi esqperimentis Sedegebis statistikuri<br />
damuSavebisa.<br />
1975 wels gamoqveynda statia, romelic exeba Termogravimetriuli<br />
meTodiT liTium-TuTiis feritebis myari<br />
xsnarebis warmoqmnis reaqciis meqanizmis dadgenas da<br />
zogierT kanonzomierebas polimorfuli gardaqmnis tempera-<br />
49
turisa da kiuris wertilis cvlilebisa da myari xsnaris<br />
Sedgenilobisagan.<br />
liTiumis feroaluminatebis kvlevas exeba mTeli rigi<br />
publikaciebi. maTSi Seswavlilia liTiumis feroaluminatebis<br />
Tbofizikuri da fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebi, Termuli<br />
damuSavebis gavlena gardaqmnebis enTalpiasa da entropiaze,<br />
zogierTi Termodinamikuri Tvisebebi.<br />
1982 wels TbilisSi Catarebul IX sakavSiro konferenciaze<br />
kalorimetriasa da qimiur TermodinamikaSi,<br />
moxsenebul iqna evropiumis ferogranitis Tbotevadobis da<br />
enTalpiis kvlevis Sedegebi temperaturis farTo diapazonSi<br />
50-1300K. am gamokvleviT iwyeba iSviaT miwaTa elementebis<br />
ferogranitebis sistemuri kvleva.<br />
amave konferenciaze moxsenebul iqna Co-Zn feritebis<br />
myari xsnarebis enTalpiisa da Tbotevadobis kvlevis Sedegebi.<br />
am sistemis myari xsnarebis Serevis enTalpiis SeswavliT,<br />
kalves tipis maRaltemperaturuli mikrokalorimetris<br />
gamoyenebiT iwyeba kvlevebi am mimarTulebiT. feritebi,<br />
ise rogorc yvela sxva kondensirebuli nivTiereba,<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> faqtoris zegavleniT icvlis Tvisebebs da<br />
struqturas, magram ra mimarTulebiT moxdeba Tvisebrivi<br />
cvlileba, amis winaswari ganWvreta metad Znelia. Seswavlili<br />
masalebis sirTule da mravalferovneba ganapirobebs<br />
imas, rom maTi Termodinamikuri, fizikur-qimiuri da magnituri<br />
Tvisebebis Seswavla SeiZleba mxolod eqsperimentis<br />
gziT. monacemebi maT Sesaxeb literaturaSi mcirea da ver<br />
akmayofilebs Tanamedrove mecnierebisa da teqnikis<br />
moTxovnilebas. n. landiam da misma mowafeebma fundamenturi<br />
SromebiT am sakiTxebs naTeli mohfines, amitom aris n.<br />
landias Sromebi ase aqtualuri.<br />
am samuSaoTa Sedegebi warmodgenili iyo mraval konferenciaze<br />
(aSS, inglisi, safrangeTi, italia, kanada, Cexoslovakia,<br />
germania da sxv.) da farTod aisaxa sabWoTa da<br />
sazRvargareTis fundamentur cnobarebSi. agreTve Termodinamikur<br />
monacemTa avtomatizebul bankebSi. informacia<br />
50
n. landiasa da misi mowafeebis samuSaoebis Sesaxeb<br />
sistemurad qveyndeba saerTaSoriso biuletenSi, romelic<br />
aSS-Si gamodis.<br />
n. landia udides yuradRebas uTmobda organizaciul<br />
da sazogadoebriv moRvaweobas. 12 wlis manZilze iyo<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis araorganuli qimiisa da<br />
eleqtroqimiis institutis direqtori. didi samecniero<br />
moRvaweobis paralelurad, n. landia 40 wlis manZilze<br />
kiTxulobda qimiuri teqnologiebis procesebis da aparatebis<br />
kurss saqarTvelos politeqnikur institutSi. iyo<br />
saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavlblebis leqtorTa sabWos,<br />
sazogadoeba `codnis~ prezidiumis, mendeleevis saxelobis<br />
sakavSiroi qimiuri sazogadoebis respublikuri ganyofilebis<br />
prezidiumis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis da<br />
politeqnikuri institutis samecniero xarisxebis mimniWebeli<br />
samecniero sabWos, qarTuli enciklopediis mTavari<br />
saredaqcio kolegiis, rigi samecniero Jurnalebis redkolegiebis,<br />
ssrk-s mecnierebaTa akademiis Termoqimiisa da qimiuri<br />
Termodinamikis nacionaluri sabWos wevri, nikorwmindis<br />
saxalxo universitetis pirveli reqtori.<br />
n. landia iyo TiTqmis yvela kalorimetriuli konferenciis<br />
orgkomitetis wevri, xolo 1973 da 1982 wlebSi _<br />
TbilisSi Catarebuli VI da IX sakavSiro kalorimetriuli<br />
konferenciis saorganizacio komitetis Tabmjdomare. arCeul<br />
iyo mendeleevis XI da XII yrilobebis orgkomitetis<br />
wevrad.<br />
mravali wlis manZilze n. landia eweoda aqtiur sazogadoebriv<br />
muSaobas. arCeuli iyo q. Tbilisis 1 maisis da<br />
orjnikiZis raisabWos, q. Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos, saqarTvelos<br />
ssrk-s umaRlesi sabWos IX da X mowvevis deputatad,<br />
xelmZRvanelobda saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos<br />
mecnierebisa da teqnikis mudmiv komisias.<br />
n. landia dajildebuli iyo `sapatio niSnis~ (1966 w.)<br />
`Sromis wiTeli droSis~ (1976 w.), `xalxTa megobrobis~<br />
(1981 w.) ordenebiT da medlebiT (1944, 1945, 1975 ww.).<br />
51
1967 wels mieniWa saqarTvelos mecnierebis damsaxurebuli<br />
moRvawis wodeba.<br />
arian mkvlevarebi, romelnic win uswreben dros.<br />
aseTTa rigs ekuTvnis n. landia. amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda<br />
aRiniSnos is siaxle mecnierebaSi, romelic man Seqmna jer<br />
kidev 1960-62 wlebSi. es gaxlavT eleqtronul gamom-<br />
Tvleli manqanebis gamoyenebiT eqsperimentis Sedegebis<br />
statistikuri damuSavebis axali meTodi. amiT n. landiam<br />
Termodinamikuri kvlevebi msoflio masStabebis saukeTeso<br />
kvlevebis donemde aiyvana.<br />
n. landias mier mowodebuli maaproqsimebeli gantolebebi<br />
enTalpiisa da Tbotevadobis funqciebisaTvis sakmaod<br />
universaluria, isini ufro zustad asaxaven feromagnitur<br />
nivTierebaTa Tvisebebs temperaturis farTo diapazonSi,<br />
vidre aqamde cnobili meierisa da kelis gantolebebi.<br />
aRniSnuli statistikuri gamoTvlebi gadatanilia<br />
manqanis enaze. Sedgenilia Sesabamisi algoriTmebi, romlebsac<br />
farTod iyeneben mkvlevarebi rogorc CvenSi, ise sazRvargareT.<br />
samwuxarod n. landias ar dascalda mTeli Tavisi<br />
Canafiqris ganxorcieleba. mZime avadmyofi igi gatacebiT<br />
muSaobda Tavis bolo naSromze, romelic misi gardacvalebis<br />
Semdeg gamoqveynda. masSi warmodgenilia originaluri<br />
meTodi Tbotevadobis optimaluri aproqsimaciisa enTalpiis<br />
monacemebis damuSavebis dros.<br />
nikoloz landia 1984 wlis 25 Tebervals gardaicvala<br />
65 wlis asakSi.<br />
nikoloz landias gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoica misi<br />
bibliografia seriiT `qarTveli mecnierebi~, gamomcemloba<br />
merani, Tbilisi 1989. 1990 wels ki Н.А. Ландия<br />
«Избранные труды», Мецниереба, Тбилиси.<br />
52
sityva warmoTqmuli akad. n. landias 80 wlisadmi miZRvnil<br />
sxdomaze, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiaSi 1999w. q.m.d.<br />
n. leJavas mier<br />
SesaniSnavi qarTveli mecnieri, gamorCeuli qarTveli kaci<br />
1960 wels nikoloz landiam saqarTveloSi Seqmna<br />
qimiuri Termodinamikis pirveli kera. imave wels mis<br />
oTxkacian koleqtivs mec SevuerTdi. moskovis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis axaldamTavrebuli qimikosi.<br />
qimiis iseTi korifeebis nastudentarma, rogorebic<br />
iyvnen akademikosebi spicini, alimarini, nesmeianovi, rebinderi,<br />
volfkoviCi landias laboratoriaSi misvlisTanave<br />
vigrZeni, rom Cemi axali maswavlebeli imaTi rangis, imave<br />
donis mecnieria. am Sefasebis kriteriumi, rasakvirvelia,<br />
emyareboda mis adamianur bunebas, im mSvid sisadaves,<br />
romelic mxolod didi adamianebisaTvis aris damaxasia-<br />
Tebeli.<br />
es is periodia, rodesac ukve arsebobda SemdgomSi<br />
saqveynod cnobili landias entropiuli saangariSo meTodi.<br />
man es-es iyo brwyinvaled daicva sadoqtoro disertacia,<br />
ris Sedegadac aRiares iseTma cnobilma mecnierebma, rogorebic<br />
iyvnen karapetianci, tarasovi, kapustinski, sokolovi<br />
da sxv.<br />
am dros dasabeWdad mzaddeboda es Sroma da Cvens<br />
vasrulevbdiT ra koreqturul samuSaos, imavdroulad<br />
vcdilobdiT CavwvdomodiT mis Sinaarss.<br />
1962 wels gamoica wigni, ara erTjeradi moxmarbis da<br />
ara rigiTi samecniero monografia, aramed wigni, romelsac,<br />
rogorc drom aCvena ukve hqonda gankuTvnili Tavisi sapatio<br />
adgili mecnierul literaturaSi. mas dResac ar daukargavs<br />
Tavisi mniSvneloba da kidev didxans Seasrulebs gzamkvlevis<br />
rols mecnierebaSi.<br />
dasamali ar aris, rom xSirad Termodinamikur gamoTvlebs<br />
ise uyureben da iyeneben kidec, rom qimiuri<br />
53
teqnolgiis ukve napovn optimalur process miusadagon,<br />
mecnieruli formis misacemad, STabeWdilebis gazrdis<br />
mizniT.<br />
es sul sxva rangis da sruliad gansxvavebul msoflmxedvelobaze<br />
agebuli aparatia, romelic Tavis TavSi<br />
Seicavs uzarmazar informacias myari kristaluri naerTebis<br />
agebulebasa da struqturaze Termul maxasiaTeblebTan<br />
kavSirSi rogorc ukve arsebuls, ise imdroisTvis axals da<br />
am siaxles ar daukargavs progresuloba da araCveulebrivi<br />
nayofiereba. kompiuteruli teqnika mas ufro da ufro did<br />
horizontebs uSlis da amitom aris, rom interesi am<br />
meTodisadmi ar klebulobs.<br />
saocaria is faqti, rom nikoloz landias xedvam jer<br />
kidev maSin monaxa is gzebi, is utyuari mignebebi da algoriTmebi,<br />
romelTa wyalobiT Tanamedrove teqnikuri progresi<br />
aramcTu daukargavs siaxlis pews mis wigns, aramed axal<br />
waxnagebsac warmoaCens.<br />
nikoloz landias moRvaweobis Semdgomi etapi iyo sruliad<br />
gansxvavebuli sfero eqsperimentulad gazomili<br />
Tbotevadobis temperaturasTan damokidebulebis _ aproqsimaciis<br />
dazusteba axali gantolebebis Ziebisa da misadagebis<br />
gziT. amas sakmaod didi dro moandoma. faqtobrivad, sicocxlis<br />
bolomde ar Seuwyvetia muSaoba am mimarTulebiT.<br />
am periodSi zogjer gaocebasa da gaRizianebasac<br />
iwvevda gauTavebeli da daJinebuli muSaoba am mimarTulebiT,<br />
Tanac yovelgvari TviTreklamis gareSe (gamoqveynebuli<br />
Sromebis minimaluri raodenobiT). zogjer saubarSi<br />
Tvalebgabrwyinebuli gagviziarebda sixaruls axali mignebis<br />
gamo. Cven ki am dros Zalze CamovrCebodiT mas, vinaidan<br />
ZiriTadad eqsperimentiT viyaviT dakavebuli, xSirad ver<br />
vigebdiT da mxolod vgrZnobdiT rom, marTlac raRac<br />
sainteresos iyo SeWidebuli.<br />
imave peridSi daigegma da materialuri safuZveli<br />
Seuqmna eqsperimentuli kvlevis axal mimarTulebas Cven<br />
laboratoriaSi. es iyo maRaltemperaturuli gaxsnis<br />
54
meTodiT, Zneladdnobadi oqsiduri naerTebis, kerZod,<br />
kalorimetriuli gziT Spinelebis Serevis energetikis<br />
Seswavla. es samuSao me mando da sicocxlis bolomde<br />
yuradReba ar mouklia am samuSaos Catarebis pirobebis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad.<br />
literaturaSi is-is iyo gaCnda DSedegebi oqsidebidan<br />
Spinelebis warmoqmnis energiis Sesaxeb. xolo, rac Seexeba<br />
ukve arsebul Spinelebis Serevis energias, aseTi monacemebi<br />
ar arsebobda.<br />
rodesac mopovebul iqna sakmarisi eqsperimentuli<br />
masala, dadga CemTvis mZime periodi _ vgrZnobdi rogor<br />
mWirdeboda Cemi maswavlebeli, raTa am masalisTvis mimeca<br />
saWiro mimarTuleba Termuli da struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
dasakavSireblad. myari xsnarebis SerevisTvis aseTi<br />
precendenti ar arsebobda.<br />
maSin, xelaxla gadavSale misi wigni da axleburad<br />
wavikiTxe. iq vipove pasuxi kiTxvaze.<br />
ase Seiqmna logikuri jaWvi klepa-landia-cagareiSvililandia,<br />
romlis saSualebiT, Serevis konfiguraciuli<br />
entropiis gaTvaliswinebiT, dazustda Spineluri myari<br />
xsnarebis Serevis Tavisufali energiisa da srtuqturaSi<br />
kaTionebis ganawilebis o’nilisa da navrockis miaxloebiTi<br />
saangariSo modeli.<br />
am muSaobis procesSi naTeli gaxda, ase daJinebiT Tu<br />
ratom eZebda Tbotevadobasa da temperaturas Soris uzustes<br />
kavSirs. imitom, rom swored oTaxis temperaturasTan<br />
axlos TbotevadobaSi aris kodirebuli is ufaqizesi konfiguraciuli<br />
informacia, romlis gamovlena SesaZlebelia<br />
mxolod akademikos nikoloz landias mier SemoTavazebuli<br />
gantolebebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos nikoloz landias Rvawli<br />
imaSic, rom dRes saqarTveloSi TermoqimikosTa aRiarebuli,<br />
Zlieri skola arsebobs, am skolis warmomadgenlebi am<br />
darbazSi imyofebian. amitom mxolod erTs davasaxeleb: mis<br />
55
sayvarel mowafes da Semdgom umcros kolegas, aw<br />
gardacvlil qim. mecn. doqtors cagareiSvil demnas.<br />
dRes, rodesac saqarTveloSi mecniereba ukiduresad<br />
mZime mdgomareobaSia, rodesac uniWieresi qarTveli axalgazrdebi<br />
dafantuli arian msoflios <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> samecniero<br />
kerebSi, gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs aseT Sexvedrebs<br />
da iubileebs.<br />
unda imedi viqonioT, rom es axalgazrdebi dabrundebian<br />
da Cveni valia davaxvedroT maT qarTvel <strong>mecnierTa</strong><br />
saxelebi, rogorc CiraRdnebi, rom icodnen visi gorisani<br />
arian.<br />
erTi aseTi CiraRdani aris nikoloz landia, Sesani-<br />
Snavi qarTveli mecnieri da patiosnebiT da keTilSobilebiT<br />
gamorCeuli qarTveli kaci.<br />
Rvawlmosili qarTveli mecnieris, saqarTveloSi<br />
koloiduri qimiis fuZemdeblis, saqarTvelos teqnikur<br />
universitetSi fizikuri qimiis swavlebis<br />
organizatoris, q.m.d. prof. biZina kandelakis<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
biZina simonis-Ze kalndelaki daibada 1902 wlis 20<br />
marts q. quTaisSi mravalsulian tradiciul ojaxSi. 1920<br />
wels oqros medalze daamTavra q. Tbilisis vaJTa meore<br />
gimnazia. 1923 w. aseve warCinebiT daamTavra Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universiteti. 21 wlis niWierma Wabukma miipyro<br />
gamoCenili mecnieris p. meliqiSvilis yuradReba da misi<br />
rekomendaciiT batoni biZina datoves kaTedraze asistentis<br />
Tanamdebobaze, sadac kiTxulobda leqciebis kurss,<br />
agro<strong>qimia</strong>sa da raode-nobiT analizSi kvlav p. meliqiSvilis<br />
rekomendaciiT 1927 wels b-ni biZina meuRlesTan erTad<br />
samecniero mivlinebiT gaemgzavra germaniaSi. mivlinebis<br />
56
furcelSi CamoTvlili iyo qalaqebi giotingeni, berlini,<br />
kaseli, hamburgi. germaniaSi batonma biZinam eqsternad<br />
daamTavra giotingenis universitetis qimiis fakulteti,<br />
sadac Tavisi ubadlo niWierebiT qarTvelma Wabukma miipyro<br />
gustav henrix iogan apolon tamanis (msoflioSi fizikuri<br />
qimiis fuZemdeblis) da rixard adolf zigmondis (nobelis<br />
premiis laureati, koloiduri sistemebis Tvisebrivad axal<br />
doneze Seswavlis mamamTavari, am udides mecnierebTan<br />
muSaobisas b-n biZinas Camouyalibda: kvlevis obieqtebisadmi<br />
fizikur-qimiuri midgoma (gustav tamanTan muSaobisas, xolo<br />
rixard zigmondis gavleniT gairkva misi moRvaweobis<br />
germanuli periodis mecnieruli mimarTuleba, romelic<br />
Semdgom Tavis samSobloSi _ saqarTve-loSi gaagrZela da<br />
ganaviTara). garda tamanisa da zigmondisa batoni biZinas<br />
samomavlo samecniero moRavweobaze udidesi gavlena<br />
moaxdina udidesma germanelma mecnierma _ herbert maqs<br />
freid-lixma.<br />
1929 wels batonma biZinam warmatebiT daicva disertacia<br />
da mas giotingenis universitetis filosofiis doqtoris<br />
(man xsnarebis sferoSi Sesrulebul kvlevebs filosofiuri<br />
interpretacia misca, risTvisac mas marqsistuli<br />
ideologiis `mamebma~ udidesi tkivili miayenes) samecniero<br />
xarisxi mieniWa. freindlixis SeTavazebiT axalgazrda doqtorma<br />
samecniero kvlevebi berlinSi gaagrZela. freindlixis<br />
laboratoriaSi Caatara kvlevebi mudmiv temperaturaze<br />
ukulabvis Tvisebebis mqone koloidur sistemebze, rac<br />
Semdgom samSobloSi gaagrZela warmatebiT. imdroindel<br />
samecniero periodikaSi gamoqveynda biZina kandelakis samecniero<br />
publikaciebi, romlebic udidesi interesiiT miiRo<br />
sazogadoebam.<br />
giotingenSi, romelic meore msoflio omis dros ar<br />
dangreula, dResac dgas saxli, sadac cxovrobda batoni<br />
biZina meuRlesTan (melita zurmuxtaSvilTan) erTad. giotingenis<br />
universitetis qimiis institutis muzeumSi 1991<br />
wlidan sapatio eqsponatebad iTvleba biZina kandelakis oja-<br />
57
xis mier gadacemuli masalebi. am masalebSi aRmoCnda<br />
muzeumis TanamSromlebisaTvis moulodneli da Rirebuli<br />
mravali monacemi gamoCenil germanel mecnierebTan baton<br />
biZinas urTierTTanamSromlobis da damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />
1930 wels dabrunda biZina kandelaki saqarTveloSi,<br />
muSaoba daiwyo saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo institutSi<br />
bioorganuli qimiis kaTedris gamged da paralelurad intensiurad<br />
CaerTo p. meliqiSvilis saxelobis qimiis institutis<br />
samecniero <strong>kvlevebSi</strong>. am dros darwmunda akademikosi l.<br />
pisarJev-ski biZina kandelakis ubadlo niWierebaSi da<br />
unarSi, rom swored mas SeeZlo ewarmoebina da exelmZRvanela<br />
kvlevebisaTvis koloiduri sistemis sferoSi.<br />
biZina kandelaks gamohyva misi erT-erTi maswavleblis<br />
_ riharl zigmondis miswrafeba koloiduri sistemis Sesaswavli<br />
efeqturi meTodebisa da aparaturis Seqmnisadmi. 1933<br />
wlis 8 marts racionalizaciisa da gamogonebis sakavSiro<br />
biuroze ganixiles da metad Rirebulad miiCnies baton<br />
biZinas Sqmnili aparati _ gajirjvebadi da aragajirjvebadi<br />
nivTierebebis mier siTxeebis Sewovis sazomi. 1933 wels<br />
akademikos pasarJevskis SeTavazebiT batono biZina iwyebs<br />
qimiis institutSi koloiduri qimiis ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelobas,<br />
sadac mokle xanSi aRwevs did warmatebebs.<br />
amas adasturebs akad. l. pasirJevskis gamoZaxili, romelic<br />
warmodgenilia winamdebare narkvevSi. masSi aRniSnulia, rom<br />
b. kandelakis saxiT saqarTvelos hyavs didi gaqanebis axalgazrda<br />
mecnieri, romlis moRavweoba scildeba saqarTvelos<br />
masStabebs.<br />
1935 wels biZina kandelaki saqarTvelos politikuri<br />
institutis fizikuri da koloiduri qimiis kaTedris gamged<br />
dainiSna.<br />
1937 wels ganixila ra b. kandelakis samecniero naSromi<br />
_ `eTilatebi, maTi hidrolizi da galabvis procesi~<br />
sakavSiro umaRlesma saatestacio komisiam, dacvis gareSe<br />
qimiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi mianiWa. 1937 weli<br />
mZime aRmoCnda batoni biZinas ojaxisaTvis. dauxvrites Zma _<br />
58
Salva. oblad darCenili misi Svili nunu (deda _ Tamar<br />
mayaSvili adre daeRupa) biZina da melita kandelakebis<br />
ojaxSi gaizarda baton biZinas qaliSvilTan _ marinasTan<br />
erTad.<br />
kaTedra, romelsac 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda<br />
batoni biZina, mTels institutSi gamoirCeoda<br />
maswavlebelTa swavlis procesisadmi umaRlesi pasuxismgeblobiT,<br />
saixleTa danergviTa da sruli obieqturobiT. amaSi<br />
did rols asrulebda batoni biZina. pirvel rigSi, igi saku-<br />
Tari Tavis mimarT iyo momTxovni da TiToeul TanamSromels<br />
am moTxovnilebaTa Sesabamisad afasebda. dResac igoneben misi<br />
TanamSromlebi rogori disciplina sufevda kaTedraze, ra<br />
rig mkacri iyo batoni biZina nebismieri, zogjer umniSvnelo,<br />
xarvezebis SefasebaSic ki. Sedegic saxeze iyo _ gakrialebuli<br />
laboratoriebi, yovelTvis kopwia TeTr xalaTebSi<br />
gamowyobili TanamSromlebi da studentebi, saswavlo procesisadmi<br />
gankuTvnili arc erTi uqmad dakarguli saaTi, programiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul samuSaoTa sruli Sesruleba,<br />
sistematuri seminarebi.<br />
b. kandelakis aqtiurma moRavweobam miipyro sazogadoebis<br />
yuradReba. 1946 wels mas mecnierebis damsaxurebuli<br />
moRavawis wodebas aniWeben. erTi wliT adre ki `Sromis<br />
wiTeli droSis ordeniTa~ da medliT `warCinebuli SromisaTvis<br />
did samamulo omSi 1941-1945 ww.~ daajildoves.<br />
germanuli skolis gavleniT unda aixsnas prof. biZina<br />
kandelakis eqsperimentebis Catarebisa da gaanalizebisadmi<br />
midgomis is pedantizmi da filosofiuri gansja, riTac<br />
xasiaTdeboda misi samecniero moRvaweoba da TiTqmis yvela<br />
naSromi. sulac ar iyo SemTxveviTi, rom biZina kandlaks<br />
germaniaSi filosofiis doqtoris wodeba mianiWes da Tu<br />
baton biZinas pirvelma Taviseburebam maRalerudirebuli,<br />
originaluri da zedmiwevniT koreqturuli mecnieris saxeli<br />
mouxveWa, meorem _ mravali gancda da usiamovneba<br />
moutana.<br />
59
prof. b. kandelakis samecniero interesebi mravalmxri-<br />
vi iyo fizikur-koloiduri qimiis TiTqmis yvela sferos<br />
moicavda.<br />
jer kidev germaniaSi, prof. b. kandelaki dainteresda<br />
koloiduri sistemebis galabvis izoTermuli Seqcevadi<br />
procesebiT anu tiqsotropiiT. tiqsotropiasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
movlenebisadmi intersi biologiuri procesebis ukeT<br />
Semecnebisa da regulirebis SesaZleblobiT iyo gamowveuli.<br />
magaliTad, protoplazma da cocxali organizmis sxva<br />
koloidur-qimiuri warmonaqmnebi koncentrirebul zolebs<br />
warmoadgens, romelsac SeuZlia gamyardes anu gaxdes tiqsotropuli.<br />
garda amisa, `zol-gel~ uqcevadi izoTermuli<br />
gardaqmnis Seswavlas didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda daWaobebuli<br />
da mewyeri niadagebis qcevis dadgenis mizniTac.<br />
mxolod udidesi rudunebiT miaRwia prof. b. kandelakma<br />
im gansacvifrebel avtoritets, romelic man germaniasa<br />
da Semdeg, samSobloSi moixveWa. eqsperimentisadmi kandelakiseuli<br />
midgoma cidan Camovardnili ZRveni ar iyo _ igi<br />
RvTis nebiT miniWebuli talantisa da gonebis sistematuri<br />
da mizandasaxuli varjiSis Sedegi gaxldaT.<br />
tiqsotropiisadmi miZRvnil kvlevaTa serias, romelic<br />
moicavda eqsperimentul praqtikaSi pirvelad ganxorcielebul<br />
liTonTa (qromi, manganumi, kobalti, rkina) eTilatebidan<br />
maTi hidroqsidebis koloiduri xsnarebis miRebas,<br />
mravali saxis tiqsotropuli labis Tvisebebsa da aRnagobis<br />
Seswavlas, farTo gamoxmaureba hqonda samecniero wreebSi.<br />
gasakviric ar aris vinaidan batonma biZinam iwinaswarmetyvela<br />
da ganaxorciela liTonTa hidroqsidebis koloiduri<br />
xsnarebis miReba N + ionis gareSe, uromlisodac<br />
zemoaRniSnuli xsnarebis miReba tuteebidan SeuZleblad iyo<br />
miCneuli.<br />
biZina kandelakis mier Camoyalibebuli iyo tiqsotropuli<br />
xsnarebis reologiuri Tvisebebis Taviseburi cvlilebebi<br />
meqanikuri zemoqmedebis Sedegad. man pirvelma daadgina,<br />
rom agarisa da Jelatinis labebi erTmaneTTan mWidrod<br />
60
dakavSirebuli marcvlebisagan Sedgeba, rac maRaldispersiuli<br />
nawilakebis SekavSirebiTaa gamowveuli da amis Sedegad<br />
badisebr-ujeredovani struqtura warmoiqmneba. biZina<br />
kandelakis azriT, gamoyenebuli geli ConCxia, romelic<br />
Seicavs dispersiuli siTxis meqanikur CanarTebs moZravi<br />
amikronebiT an maT gareSe. ConCxis kedlebi warmoadgens<br />
sadispersio garemosa da diseprsiuli fazis erTobliobas im<br />
gansxvavebiT, rom struqtura ufro faqizia. siTxis Sua<br />
Sreebi metad Txelia da meqanikuri CanarTebis mimarT<br />
sadisepersio aris rolSi gamodis. amgvarad, labis sistema<br />
daiyo or Semadgenlad: pirveladi da meoreuli. pirveladi<br />
sistema ConCxis rolSi gamodis. meoreuli ki, ufro uxeSi<br />
sistemaa, romelSic siTxis wveTebis meqanikur CanarTebs<br />
SeuZlia WeSmaritad dispersirebuli nivTierebebis mcdari<br />
STabeWdileba Seqmnas.<br />
tiqsotropuli labebis da kerZod, askan-Tixis koloiduri<br />
sistemis struqturaze dispersiulobis xarisxis gavlenis<br />
detalurma Seswavlam gamokveTa profesor b. kandelakis<br />
mier gamoTqmul mosazrebaTa WeSmaritreba, rac dReisaTvis<br />
dadgenil faqtad iTvleba. dispersiulobis xarisxis<br />
zrda suspenziis struqturis ganviTarebas iwvevs, rac<br />
uSualod am suspenziis siblantis zrdiT aixsneba.<br />
pirvelad, koloiduri sistemebis Seswavlis praqtikaSi,<br />
baton biZinas mier dadginda tiqsotropulobis temperaturasa<br />
da sinereziss Soris damokidebuleba, tiqsotropiis<br />
kavSiri koloiduri nawilakis muxtTan, potencialis<br />
gavlena dalabvis procesze da a.S.<br />
am sferoSi Catarebul samuSaoTa damagvirgvinebel<br />
akords warmoadgens batoni biZinas mier SemoTavazebuli<br />
labebis klasifikacia, romelmac jer gacxovelebuli diskusia<br />
gamoiwvia, Semdeg ki aRiares koloiduri sistemebis<br />
Seswavlis sferoSi moRvawe msoflios cnobilma mecnierebma.<br />
kandelakis rekomendaciiT, labebi WeSmarit da cru labebad<br />
iyofa. WeSmarit labebs miekuTvneba gelebi, romlebSic<br />
sadispersio are da dispersiuli nawilakebi sistemis Sesaba-<br />
61
misad, uwyvet da wyvetil fazebs warmoadgens. cru labebSi<br />
sistemis am ori Semdgenis fuqnciebi icvleba: uwyveti aris<br />
myari, xolo wyvetili _ Txevadi.<br />
profesor b. kandelakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo vizualuri<br />
dakvirvebis gansakuTrebuli unari, romlis safuZvelze<br />
gamoTqvamda logikurad gamarTul da origiunalur<br />
mosazrebebs. arseboben mecnierebi, romelTaTvis intuicia<br />
logikuri modelebis Seqmnis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens.<br />
batonma biZinam Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis airCia ori<br />
obieqti: geranis zeTi da Savi Cai.<br />
pirveli obieqti amotivtivda im viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
rom Cvens qveyanaSi gamoSvebul geranis zeTSi meTonis<br />
maRali Semcveloba auaresebda mis xarisxs. aucilebeli iyo<br />
am nivTierebis Semcvelobis Semcireba, risTvisac profesori<br />
b. kandelaki da misi mowafeebi mimarTaven aratradiciul<br />
fizikur-qimiur meTodebs _ geranis zeTis _ γ _ sxivebiTa<br />
da ultrabgeriT damuSavebas. am meTodebis arCevani emyareboda<br />
geranis zeTis bunebis kvlevis Sedegebs da arsebuli<br />
literaturis krtitikul analizs. mkvlevarebi aRweven<br />
sasurvel Sedegebs _ meTonis Semcveloba mcirdeba 3-4%-iT,<br />
rac vargisad xdis parfiumeriaSi mis gamoyenebas. man<br />
daadgina, rom geranis zeTis STanTqmis infrawiTel speqtrSi<br />
arsebobs STanTqmis zoli 1720 sm-Tan, romelic bmas<br />
axasiaTebs da misi intensiuroba meTonis Semcvelobis odenobasTan<br />
mkacr korelaciaSia. ase, konkretuli amocanis<br />
gadasawyvetad wamowyebuli samuSao iZleva maTonis Semcvelobis<br />
dadgenis saSualebas ara marto geranis zeTSi, aramed<br />
sxva bunebriv naerTebSi.<br />
is, rom Savi Cai fizikurad, qimiurad da bioqimiurad<br />
kargad Seswavlili obieqtia, batonma biZinam masze muSaobis<br />
dawyebamdec icoda. icoda isic, rom am kvlevebiT miRebulia<br />
mravali sayuradRebo Sedegi. magram is, Tu ras warmodgens<br />
Cais nayeni da SeiZleboda Tu ara misi gemos obieqturi<br />
Sefaseba, testirebis gareSe, am kiTxvebze man pasuxi ver<br />
62
ipova. swored amitom, TanamSromlebTan erTad gadawyvita,<br />
Cais nayenis koloidur-qimiuri Seswavla.<br />
niSandoblivia is faqti, rom zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
kvlevis meTodebis gamoyenebamde profesori b. kandelaki da<br />
misi TanamSromlebi realurad afasebdnen TiToeuli maTganis<br />
SesaZleblobas ama Tu im parametrisa, Tu Tvisebebis gansazRvris<br />
saqmeSi. amaSi kvlav baton biZinaze germanuli<br />
skolis gavlena mJRavndeba, romelic mas cxovrebis bolo<br />
wuTamde gahyva. ase, magaliTad, Cais nacris speqtraluri<br />
analizis aucilebloba ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom kidev<br />
erTi meTodiT unda daedgina Savi Cais qimiuri Sedgenilobis,<br />
metadre mikroelementebis, SesaZlo gavlena mis garemoze.<br />
ultramikroskopia gamoiyeneboda Cais eqstraqtSi Semaval<br />
koloidur nawilakTa saxisa da bunebis Cais xarisxze<br />
gavlenis Sesaxeb informaciis mosapoveblad, ampermetruli<br />
titvra _ taninebsa da Cais xarisxs Soris SesaZlo<br />
korelaciis dasadgenad da a.S.<br />
TiToeuli aq CamoTvlili meTodiT miRebuli Sedegi<br />
Tavisi mniSvnelobiT scildeba konkretulad dasaxul<br />
amocanas da TavisTavad mniSvnelovania. SevCerdeT ramdenime<br />
maTganze.<br />
arsebobda gabatonebuli mosazreba, magram mTrimlavi<br />
nivTierebebi Cais xarisxis erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia.<br />
iTvleboda, rom Cais gemo, nayenis feri, aromati masSi<br />
taninis da misi am daskvnaTa umetesoba eqsperimentiT ar iyo<br />
dasabuTebuli. amitom kandelakisa da misi TanamSromlebis<br />
mier ganxorcielebuli polarimetruli meTodi ipyrobs<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, miT umetes, rom testirebis<br />
Sedegad gansazRvruli Cais gemosa da ampermetruli titvris<br />
ekvivalentur wertils Soris garkveuli Sesabamisoba iyo<br />
dadgenili.<br />
bevrad ufro meti damajereblobiT Cais xarisxze<br />
msjeloba samvalentovani rkinis qloridis konduqtometruli<br />
titvris SedegebiT SeiZleba. batonma biZinam, Tanam-<br />
SromlebTan erTad daadgina, rom damokidebuleba _ `Cais<br />
63
aodenoba ml _ winaRoba~ xasiaTdeba maqsimumebiT, romlebic<br />
damaxasiaTebelia TiToeuli xarisxis CaisaTvis. Cais<br />
gemovnebis dadgenis obieqtur meTodTa Soris dasaxelebulia<br />
agreTve kolorimetria da Cais luminescenturi Tvisebebis<br />
gansazRvris meTodebi.<br />
speqtruli analiziT dadginda, rom warmomavlobisa da<br />
xarisxis miuxedavad, wyalSi xsnad da uxsnad Cais nacarSi<br />
erTi da igive elementebia. gamonaklisia B2 romelic wyalSi<br />
uxsnad nawilSia. pirvelad dadginda, rom adre miRebuli 16<br />
elementebis garda, Savi Cais nacari Seicavs As, Sn, V da Ni.<br />
Rrmademociuri, usazRvrod erudirebuli, mecnierebisa<br />
da axalgazrda specialistTa momzadebisadmi erTguli, silamazis<br />
yovelgavri Semfasebeli da amave dros urTierTobaSi<br />
mkacri, koreqtuli, Tavis SexedulebaTa da mosazrebaTa<br />
damcveli, adamiani, romlis daviwyeba iseve Znelia, rogorc<br />
kokispiruli wvimisa, elviT ganaTebuli cisa, wvimis<br />
Semdegomi cisartyelisa da diliT akiafebuli mzisa.<br />
imedia, rom saqarTvelos samecniero sazogadoeba ar<br />
daiviwyebs da yvelafers gaakeTebs, raTa profesor biZina<br />
kandelakis Rvawlma fizikuri da koliduri qimiis<br />
ganviTarebaSi uqmad ar Caiaros da gadaeces <strong>mecnierTa</strong> axal<br />
Taobebs.<br />
sasiqadulo mamuliSvilis, cnobili mrewvelis da<br />
sazogado moRvawis, didi mecenatis, Tbilisis sapatio<br />
moqalaqis, ruseTis imperiis umaRlesi wodebis _<br />
`komerciis mrCevelis~ _ mflobelis, qimiisa da<br />
filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris daviT<br />
sarajiSvilis cxovreba da moRvaweoba<br />
prof. d. sarajiSvilis daibada qalaq TbilisSi 1848<br />
wlis 28 oqtombers (ax. stiliT 10 noembers) SeZlebuli<br />
memamulis ojaxSi.<br />
64
swavlobda peterburgis universitetis sabunebismetyvelo<br />
fakultetze, leqciebs ismenda miunxenSi, daamTavra<br />
haidelbergis universiteti, sasoflo-sameurneo fakulteti.<br />
mecniereba Seiswavla hohenhamisa da heleSi, xolo<br />
meRvineobis yvela dargi _ safrangeTSi.<br />
daicva disertaciebi qimiis, agreTve, filosofiis<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtoris samecniero xarisxis msapoveblad.<br />
daaarsa kavkasiaSi reqtifikaciisa da liqioris qarxnebi,<br />
mTels ruseTis imperiaSi koniakis warmoebis pirveli<br />
specialuri qarxana, sadac danerga klasikuri franguli<br />
teqnologia.<br />
daviT sarajiSvili ara marto saqarTveloSi, XIX<br />
saukunis ruseTis mTels imperiaSi koniakis warmoebis<br />
fuZemdebelia.<br />
aaSena sawarmoebi yizlarSi, erevanSi, kiSinovSi<br />
(kalarSaSi), baqoSi (geogCaiSi) da sxv.<br />
savaWro saagentoebi hqonda: kievSi, odesaSi, vilniusSi,<br />
rigaSi, xarkovSi, rostovSi da sxv.<br />
savaWro sawyobebi aaSena: baqoSi, peterburgSi, moskov-<br />
Si, varSavaSi, vladivostokSi, odesaSi, kievSi, feodosiaSi,<br />
CarjouSi, samaraSi.<br />
misi firma aerTianebda 5 sareqtifikacio, 1 aryis, 1<br />
liqioris da 7 koniakis qarxanas.<br />
eweoda mecenatobas, farTo saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobas.<br />
daviT sarajiSvilis ojaxma didi fuladi saxsrebi<br />
gaiRo:<br />
• Tbilisis universitetis mSeneblobisaTvis.<br />
• qaSveTisa da diRmis `TeTri giorgis~ eklesiebis<br />
asagebad.<br />
• didubis taZrisa da panTeonis, mTawmindis (mama daviTi),<br />
lurji monastrisa da sxva mravali istoriuli Zeglis<br />
dasacavad da aRsadgenad.<br />
• saxalxo Teatrisa da quTaisis Teatris asaSeneblad.<br />
• gimnaziis, dawyebiTi da profesiuli skolebis asaSeneblad<br />
da Sesanaxad.<br />
65
• qirurgiuli saavadmyofos asaSeneblad.<br />
• Tbilisis politeqnikuri institutis an sxva umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebis dasaarseblad.<br />
• saero da sxva specializebuli muzeumebis dasafuZneblad.<br />
• axalcixe-axalqalaqi-artaanis mazrebis arqelogiuri<br />
eqspediciisaTvis.<br />
materialurad exmareboda: moskovis qarTvelTa sazogadoebas,<br />
quTaisis dramatul sazogadoebas, qarTuli filarmoniis<br />
sazogadoebas, samiwaTmoqmedo saxelosnos _ axalSen-<br />
Ta da TavSesafarTa sazogadoebas, qarTuli sityvakazmuli<br />
mwerlobis sazogadoebas da a.S.<br />
Camoayaliba: saqarTvelos wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli<br />
sazogadoeba, saqarTvelos saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoeba,<br />
`qarTveli glexobis aRmdgeneli komiteti~, lado<br />
aRniaSvilisa da ioseb ratilis xalxuri TviTSemoqmedebis<br />
gundebi.<br />
monawileobda mcxeTis sveticxovlis sarestavracio<br />
komitetis Seqmnasa da sarestavracio samuSaoebis dafinansebaSi.<br />
azRvevda mis sawarmoebSi momuSave yvela muSis sicocxles.<br />
uzrunvelyofda maT Sromis umaRles anazRaurebas,<br />
zogadi ganaTlebis miRebasa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebas.<br />
pirvelad saqarTveloSi, SemoiRo 8 saaTiani samuSao<br />
dRe, muSa-mosamsaxureebs dauwesa xelfasiani Svebuleba da<br />
yovelkvartalurad, premiis saxiT, asaCuqrebda warmoebuli<br />
naturaluri produqciiT.<br />
daviT sarajiSvilis stipendiantebi iyvnen Cveni qveynis<br />
sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi:<br />
kompozitorebi: dimitri arayiSvili, meliton balanCivaZe,<br />
ia kargareTeli, kote focxveraSvili da sxv.<br />
mxatvrebi: mose ToiZe, gigo gabaSvili, grigol mesxi,<br />
Salva qiqoZe da sxv.<br />
moqandake: iakob nikolaZe.<br />
momRerlebi: vano sarajiSvili, vladimer qaSakaSvili.<br />
66
mecnierebi, profesorebi: solomon ColoyaSvili,<br />
mixeil SalamberiZe, sargis kakabaZe, filipe gogiCaiSvili,<br />
ilia yifSiZe, mose janaSvili da sxv.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe.<br />
fulad daxmarebas uwevda: eqvTime TayaiSvils, akaki<br />
SaniZes, kondrate TaTaraSvils, Tedo saxokias, geronti<br />
qiqoZes, mitrofane laRiZes da sxva mraval saxelovan<br />
moRvawes.<br />
gardaicvala 1911 wlis 20 ivniss. dakrZalulia mis<br />
mierve agebul qaSveTis taZris ezoSi.<br />
saxelovani winaprebis samecniero moRvaweobis<br />
Rirseuli gamgrZeleblebi<br />
aw gardacvlilma _ saxelovanma qarTvelma mecnierebma,<br />
romelTa Sesaxeb mokrZalebiTaa moTxrobili winamdebare<br />
naSromSi (aqve davZenT, rom arc erT gamoCenil <strong>mecnierTa</strong><br />
Rvawls ar davtovebT Cvens momdevno bibliografiul krebulSi<br />
moxseniebisa da pativmigebis gareSe), sicocxleSive<br />
daidges TavianTi ubadlo samecniero miRwevebiT ukvdavebis<br />
Zeglebi da damsaxurebulad Rirseuli adgili msoflios<br />
mecnierebaSi. Tanamedrove mecnierebi agrZeleben winaparTa<br />
samecniero tradiciebs da muxlCauxrelad ewevian (da<br />
eweodnen dRemde) nayofier samecniero kvlevebs, miuxedavad<br />
qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime pirobebisa da gmirulad axerxeben,<br />
aramc Tu dabla daswion winaparTa samecniero miRwevebis<br />
Tamasa, aramed kidev ufro masStaburad gauTqvan saxeli<br />
saqarTvelos (mecnierebis doniT) mTel msoflioSi.<br />
am naSromSi ki gvinda Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT<br />
stu-Si warmatebiT im <strong>mecnierTa</strong> cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas<br />
romlis gacnobac daafiqrebs zogadad mkiTxvels rom maTebr<br />
zneobrivad, qarTulad, raindulad, simarTliT, yvelasagan<br />
damsaxurebuli siyvaruliT da madliT icxovros am qveynad.<br />
67
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis _ wylis<br />
resursebis gamoyenebis, wyalmoma-ragebisa da wyalarinebis<br />
mimarTulebis xelmZRvanelis, t.m.d. prof. levan<br />
klimiaSvilis samecnieo moRvaweoba<br />
Rirseuli mamuliSvili, gamorCeuli mecnieri da pirovneba,<br />
levan klimiaSvili daibada 1949 wlis 5 ianvars q.<br />
TbilisSi. 1972 wels warCinebiT daamTavra spi-s samSeneblo<br />
fakulteti da 1973 wels swavla ganagrZo moskovis<br />
sainJinro-samSeneblo institutis aspiranturaSi, romelis<br />
aseve warCinebiT daamTavra 1977 wels da moskovSive daicva<br />
sakandidato disertacia.<br />
2003 wels. saq. teqnikur universitetSi daicva sadoqtro<br />
disertacia aqtualur Temaze `wyalmomaragebis sistemebis<br />
saimedoobis analizis Sefasebisa da prognozirebis<br />
meTodika~.<br />
Sromismoyvare da niWierma pirovnebam profesiuli moRvaweobis<br />
yvela safexuri misabaZi rudunebiTa da keTilsindisierebiT<br />
ganvlo. 1966-67 ww. muSaobda `TbilqalaqproeqtSi~<br />
proeqtantis Tanamdebobaze, xolo 1972-73 ww<br />
inJinris Tanamdebobaze. 1977-79 wlebSi saqarTvelos<br />
teqnikuri universitetis wyalmomaragebisa da wyalarinebis<br />
kaTedraze mecnier TanamSromelia. 1979-1982 wlebSi amave<br />
kaTedris asistenti, xolo 1982 wlidan 1999 wlamde<br />
docenti, 1999 wlidan kaTedris profesori da 2000<br />
wlidan kaTedris gamge. b-ni levanis pedagogiuri moRvaweoba<br />
iwyeba 1979 wlidan stu-s wyalmomaragebisa da wyalarinebis<br />
kaTedraze, kiTxulobs leqciebs #44 mimarTulebis oTx<br />
ZiriTad specialobaSi: `wyalmomarageba~, `Senobebisa da<br />
nagebobebis sainJinro aRWurva~, `wyalmomaragebisa da<br />
`wyalarinebis sistemebis saimedoba~, `wylis ekologia~.<br />
nayofieri pedagogiuri moRvaweobis kvaldakval. RvTiuri<br />
organizaciuli unariT dajildoebuli pirovneba sanimu-<br />
Sod uZRveba nebismier administraciul da sazogadoebriv<br />
Tanamdebobebs.<br />
68
1987-90 wlebSi saq. teqnikuri universitetis erTerTi<br />
sapasuxismgeblo komisiis Tavmjdomarea.<br />
1990-91 wlebSi stu-s samSeneblo kompleqsis ufrosis<br />
moadgilea. 1994-2005 wlebSi stu-s saswavlo meToduri<br />
sammarTvelos ufrosis moadgilea.<br />
2002 wlidan stu-s warmoebisa da biznesis xelSemwyobi<br />
centris ufrosia. 2003 wlidan wylis resursebis<br />
dacvisa da racionaluri gamoyenebis samTavrobo sakonsultacio<br />
sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgilea.<br />
2006 wlidan saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />
wylis resursebis gamoyenebis, wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis<br />
mimarTulebis xelmZRvanelia.<br />
maRali donis mecnieri levan klimaSvili wevria saer-<br />
TaSoriso samecniero sazogadoebebis da samuSao kvlevebis.<br />
2003 wlidan IAHR hidravlikosTa saerTaSoriso asociaciis<br />
wevri.<br />
2004 wlidan saerTaSoriso samecniero sazogadoeba<br />
`sigma X~-is wevri.<br />
2005 wlidan sainJinro akademiis namdvili wevri.<br />
1996-2000 saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />
sainJinro ganaTlebis rekonstruqciis programis TEMPUS-<br />
TASIS-is muSa jgufis wevri.<br />
2003 wels mrCevlis statusiT monawileoba miiRo<br />
wyalmomaragebisa da wyalarinebis saqarTvelos msoflio<br />
bankis IBRD-s kerZo infrastruqturis sakonsultacio<br />
programaSi (PPIAF)-sakontaqto piri 8001790.<br />
2003-2004 wlebSi Tbilisis municipaluri mTavrobis<br />
Ceneral DESO 10 wliani kontraqtis eqsperti, romelic<br />
exeboda Tbilisis wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis seqtorSi<br />
arsebul naklovanebebis aRmofxvris (#TWSSP/LC-<br />
001/2002).<br />
2005 wels gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programaSi<br />
(VNDP) saqarTvelos ofisis mrCeveli. mdinare<br />
mtkvris baseinis marTvis eqsperti, saqarTvelosa da samxreT<br />
kavkasiaSi _ tasisi (2003 w.), da misi ganviTarebis<br />
69
alternativebze. INC DSAID (CONTACT no OUT-LAG-I-804-<br />
99-00017-00 2004 wels) da agreTve UNDP/Sipa (2005 weli).<br />
2003 wels b-ni levani dajildovda Rirsebis ordeniT.<br />
avtoria 85 samecniero Sromisa (maT Soris 2 monografiisa<br />
da 2 saxelmZRvanelosi), aqvs 5 gamogoneba da 2 patenti,<br />
agreTve saavtoro mowmoba mravalwaxnagovan perspeqtiul<br />
proeqtze: `borjom-bakurianis xeobis da sakurorto zonis<br />
wyalmomaragebis Sesaxeb~.<br />
profesor levan kliamiaSvilis samecniero kvlevebi<br />
(romelTa ricxvi STambeWdavia orientirebulia praqtikuli<br />
amocanebis gadawyvetaze, ekonomikur efeqtze da qveynisTvis<br />
umniSvnelovanesi problemebis gadaWraze, ras samarTlianad<br />
ganapirobebs mecnieris moRvaweobis aRiarebas, aramarto Cveni<br />
qveynis, aramed saerTaSoriso masStabiT. gTavazobT batoni<br />
levanis ramodenime samecniero Sromas.<br />
saqarTvelos miwisqveSa mineraluri wylebis gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZlebloba da Camdinare wylebis gauvneblobis mizniT<br />
mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: g. soselia, l. klimiavili,<br />
j. kurdRelaSvili<br />
mosaxleobis sayoacxovrebo pirobebis, misi cxovrebis<br />
donis amaRlebis, sanitarul-teqnikuri da sayofacxovrebo<br />
pirobebis gaumjobesebis, agreTve mrewvelobisa da soflis<br />
meurneobis ganviTarebis Sedegad sagrZnoblad izrdeba<br />
sasmeli wylis moxmareba. am TvalsazrisiT, wylis mopovebas,<br />
gadamuSavebas da gauvneblobas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba.<br />
saqarTvelo mdidaria rogorc zedapiruli, ise<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis resursebiT. miwisqveSa wylebis jamuri<br />
raodenoba Seadgens 500 m 3 /wm-s da isic araTanabradaa<br />
ganawilebuli.<br />
70
wyalsadenis saproeqto simlavreebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia, magram maTi sanitarulhigienuri<br />
da teqnkuri mdgomareoba Sors aris sasurvelisagan.<br />
xSirad, wyaladenebis sistemebisadmi saeqsploatacio<br />
pirobebis ugulebelyofis gamo, miwodebuli wylis<br />
xarisxis qimiuri da baqteriologiuri maCeneblebi ar<br />
Seesabameba saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnebs. wyalsadenebis<br />
57%-s ara aqvs gasauvnebeli danadgarebi, xolo<br />
saqloratoro mowyobilobis teqnikuri mdgomareoba ar<br />
akmayofilebs samSeneblo wesebisa da normebis moTxovnebs.<br />
arasakmarisi profilaqtikuri sadezinfecio samuSaoebis<br />
Catarebis gamo, xSiria sasmel wyalSi paTogenuri<br />
mikrooranizmebis moxvedris SemTxvevebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
garemos dacvis saministros, saxelmwifo sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis<br />
da higienuri normebis departamentis masalebis<br />
monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi gamokvleuli wylis<br />
sinjebidan normebs ar Seesabameba 7%, xolo baqteorologiuri<br />
maCveneblebis 16,5%. amis gamo, arcTu iSviaTia<br />
uxarisxo wylis moxmarebis Sedegad gamowveuli nawlavuri<br />
infeqciebis gavrceleba.<br />
cnobilia sasmeli da Camdinare wylebis gauvneblobis<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> xerxebi da meTodebi: qlorireba, ozonireba,<br />
baqteriociduli dasxiveba, membranuli filtrebi, eleqtrolizi<br />
da sxva. aRniSnuli meTodebidan dReisaTvis praqtikulad<br />
wylis gasauvneblad umTavresad mimarTaven wylis<br />
daqlorvas Txevadi qloriT. aRniSnul meTods upiratesoba<br />
mieniWa jer kidev XX saukuneSi. igi ufro ekonomikurad<br />
iqna miCneuli sxva alternatiul meTodebTan SedarebiT<br />
(centralizebuli wesiT adgilze damzadeba, Senaxva da misi<br />
Semdgomi transportireba). aRniSnul meTods axasiaTebs rigi<br />
naklovanebani: toqsikuria, saxifaToa, adgilze Senaxvisas,<br />
dozirebisas da eqsploataciis pirobebSi moiTxovs<br />
gansakuTrebuli usafrTxoebis wesebis dacvas, misi Sor<br />
manZilze konteinerebiT transportireba mniSvnelovnad<br />
zrdis wylis damuSavebis danaxarjebs. amitom, jer kidev<br />
71
XX saukuneSi daiwyo sasmeli wylis gauvneblobis<br />
alternatiuli meTodebis Zieba.<br />
XX saukuneSi wylis eeqtroliziT gauvneblobis<br />
meTodma, araekonomikurobis gamo, ver pova farTo gamoyeneba.<br />
amJamad, msoflios mraval qveyanaSi eleqtroenergiis TviT-<br />
Rirebulebis Semcirebis, eleqtroenergiis alternatiuli<br />
wyaroebis, axali energogamZle eleqtrodebis arsebobis,<br />
agreTve eleqtrolizuri danadgarebis kontruqciebis srulyofis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, eleqtrolizis meTodebi warmatebiT<br />
uwevs konkurencias wylis gauvneblobis arsebul meTodebs.<br />
am meTodis upiratesobas ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom<br />
eleqtroliziT miRebul gauvneblobis produqts – hipoqlorids<br />
ara aqvs Txevadi qloris saeqsploatacio pirobebis<br />
naklovanebebi (misi miReba SeiZleba uSualod wyalsadenkanalizaciis<br />
nagebobebis teritoriaze). eleqtrolizis<br />
meTodiT miRebuli produqti - hipoqloridi gnsakuTrebiT<br />
xelsayrelia adgilobrivi resursebis: zRvis wylis,<br />
miwiqveSa marilxsnarebisa da maRali mineralizebuli<br />
wylebis eleqtroliziT adgilobrivi energoresursebis<br />
(wylis, qaris energia) da adgilobrivi iafi eleqtrodebis<br />
(magnetitis marcvlebi, grafitebi) arsebobis pirobebSi.<br />
literaturuli wyaroebidan cnobilia, rom sazRvargareTis<br />
bevr qveyanaSi: ruseTSi, azerbaijanSi, aSS-Si,<br />
inglisSi, italiaSi, safrangeTsa da norvegiaSi Seqmnilia<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> konstruqciis eleqtrolizuri danadgarebi.<br />
marilxnarebisa da zRvis wylebis eleqtroliziT miRebuli<br />
hipoqloridebis warmatebiT xorcieldeba sesmeli da<br />
Camdinare wylebis gawmenda-gauvnebloba.<br />
eleqtrolizis meTodiT bunebrivi wylebisa da<br />
Camdinare wylebis gauvneblobisa da gawmendis saintereso<br />
samuSaoebia Sesrulebuli <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> anoduri masalebis<br />
gamoyenebiT saqarvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis r. aglaZis<br />
saxelobis eleqtroqimiis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi.<br />
saqarTvelos dasaxlebuli punqtis centralizebuli<br />
wyalsadenis sistemidan mosaxleobisaTvis miwodebuli<br />
72
sasmel-sameurneo wylis da kanalizaciaSi Camdinare<br />
sameurneo-fekaluri wylebis gauvnebloba gaTvalsiwinebulia<br />
Txevadi qloriT an qloriani kiriT.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom respublikaSi Txevadi qloris<br />
mwarmoebeli qarxnebi ar arsebobs da am Zvirad Rirebuli<br />
produqtis centralizebulad Semotana ar xorcieldeba.<br />
Txevadi qloris Semotana calkeuli didi qalaqebis<br />
(Tbilisi, quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi da sxv.) wyalsadenkanalizaciis<br />
meurneobisaTvis xorcieldeba uSualod maT<br />
mierve, individualurad, sazRvargareTidan - azerbaijanis an<br />
ruseTis federaciuli respublikidan, rac garkveul<br />
siZneleebTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
Tu respublikis didi qalaqebis wardgenis samsaxurisTvis<br />
es problema ase Tu ise mogvarebulia, saqarTvelos<br />
mTeli rigi raionuli centrebisaTvis, dabebisa da soflebis<br />
tipis dasaxlebisaTvis, calkeuli sauwyebo da kooperatiuli<br />
wyalsadenebis samsaxurebisaTvis es sakiTxi metad<br />
mwvave problemad rCeba. aRniSnulis gamo, xSirad mosaxleobas<br />
sasmeli wyali xarisxis standartebis darRveviT<br />
miewodeba.<br />
respublikaSi Txevadi qloris deficitis aRmofxvris<br />
SesaZlo saSualebad SeiZleba miviCnioT qloris Semcveli<br />
hipoqloridebis miRebis eletrolituri meTodi, saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebuli bunebrivi resursebis aTvisebiT. arsebuli<br />
mineralizebuli wyaroebis, qloriani wylebis da Savi zRvis<br />
wylis resursebis aTvisebiT SesaZlebelia qloris<br />
produqtiT - hipoqloridiT mTeli respublikis wyalsaden-kanalizaciis<br />
Camdinare wylebis gauvneblobisaTvis<br />
saWiro moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba.<br />
mineralizebuli wylebis wyaroebisa da Savi zRvis<br />
wylebis garda, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qlorkalciumiani<br />
da qlornatriumiani wylebis aTviseba, romelTa<br />
maragebic ganTavsebulia: kaxeTSi, afxazeTSi, centralur<br />
samegrelosa da samaCabloSi.<br />
73
dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira regionebis qalaqebisa<br />
da dasaxlebuli punqtebis wyalsaden-kanalizaciis saWiroebisaTvis<br />
hipoqloridis miRebis saukeTeso wyaroa Savi<br />
zRvis wyali.<br />
saqarTveloSi ganTavsebulia 61 qalaqis da 20 dabis<br />
centralizebuli wyalsadeni, romelTa saproeqto simZlavre<br />
bolo wlebis monacemebiT Seadgenda 3071,25 aTas m 3 /dRe-<br />
RameSi, romelTagan 67% (2059 aTas m 3 /dRe RameSi) modis<br />
aRmosaveT saqarvelos 28 qalaqsa da 11 dabaze, xolo 33%<br />
(1012,25 aTasi m 3 /dRe-RameSi) dasavleT saqarTvelos 33<br />
qalaqsa da 9 dabaze. Sesabamisad, aseTive proporciebiTaa<br />
ganawilebuli kanalizaciis saproeqto simZlavreebi: 33%<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, 67% aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (ix.<br />
cxr).<br />
centralizebuli wyalsadenebis arsebuli simZlavreebis<br />
wylis xarjebis da Sesabamisad, momxmareblisaTvis<br />
miwodebuli wylis 85%-is kanalizaciis sistemebSi<br />
moxvedrili Camdinare wylebis xarjebis mixedviT (ix.<br />
cxrili) gasauvnbeli qloris normis - 1,5 mg/l-ze da 5<br />
mg/l-ze gaangariSebiT dasavleT sqarTvelos wyalsadenis<br />
sistemebisaTvis 1551,375 kg/dRe-RameSi, xolo aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelosTvis - 3088,500 kg/ dRe-RameSi aqtiuri qloria<br />
saWiro; kanalizaciis Camdinare wylebis gasauvneblad,<br />
Sesabamisad, dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis - 4302 kg/dRe-<br />
RameSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis ki 8776,5 kg/dRe-RameSi<br />
aqtiuri qlori.<br />
seriozulad damzadebuli eleqtrolizuri danadgarebis<br />
teqnikuri monacemebis mixedviT, 1 kg aqtiuri qloris<br />
misaRebad saWiroa (mwarmoeblobis mixedviT, cvalebadia) 12-<br />
15-dan 8-9 kg-mde sufris marili, xolo eleqtroenergiis<br />
kuTri xarji 7-9 kvt/sT-mdea.<br />
74
saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da dabebis centralizebuli<br />
wyalsadenebis saproeqto xarjebi<br />
hipoqloridis sufris marilis marilxsnaridan miRebis<br />
meTodi araekonomiuria, amasTan, aseTi sqemis miReba<br />
gaaZvirebs marilis damuSavebas. magalitad, 1 kg sufris<br />
marilis sasaqonlo-saorientacio Rirebulebis aSS-is 0,12$<br />
da 1 kvt/sT eleqtroenergiis safasuris saSualo tarifis 6<br />
TeTri eleqtroenergiis saSualo tarifi miRebulia mxolod<br />
wyalsadenis kanalizaciis sistemebisaTvis; anu aSS 0,03$<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, 1 kg aqtiuri qloridis saorintacio<br />
Rirebuleba iqneba: (11kgx0,12 dolari)+(9,5 kvt/sTx0,03<br />
dolari) =1,32 dolari + 0,285 dolari = 2,60 dolari.<br />
Semotanilia 1 kg Txevadi qloris sabazro Rirebuleba q.<br />
TbilisisaTvis 0,35 aSS dolari, xolo saqarTvelos<br />
danarCeni msxvili qalaqebisaTvis - 0,43 aSS dolari.<br />
qloris hipoqloridis misaRebad saqarTvelos mineralizebuli<br />
wyaroebis an Savi zRvis wylebis gamoyenebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, 1 kg aqtiuri qloris, hipoqloridis saorientacio<br />
Rirebuleba iqneba: 9,5kvt/sTx0,03$=0,285$-s.<br />
damatebiTi xarjebis (marilxsnarebis transportirebisaTvis<br />
saWiro milsadenebis, eleqtrolizuri danadgarebis mowyobis<br />
da sxv. xarjebi) gaTvaliswinebiT, hipoqloridis saorien-<br />
75
tacio Rirebuleba Seadgens: 0,342 aSS dolars, anu<br />
saqarTveloSi Semotanil 1 kg Txevad qlorTan SedarebiT<br />
0,43 - 0,342 = 0,088 aSS dolariT, xolo TbilisisaTvis<br />
0,008 aSS dolariT naklebs.<br />
saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da dabebis centralizebuli<br />
wyalsadenebis saproeqto xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix.<br />
cxr.), sasmeli wylebis gasauvneblad saWiro Txevadi<br />
qloris saorientacio Rirebuleba (q. TbilisisaTvis 787,5<br />
aTasi aSS dolaria, saqarTvelos danarCeni qalaqebisaTvis<br />
1027,64 aTasi aSS dolari) 1815,14 aTasi aSS dolari, maT<br />
Soris, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi _ 667,1 aTasi aSS<br />
dolari, kanalizaciis Camdinare wylebis gasauvneblad<br />
saWiro raodenobis qloris Rirebuleba ki _ 5113,75 aTasi<br />
aSS dolari (q. TbilisisaTvis 2231 aTas aSS dolari,<br />
saqarTvelos danarCeni qalaqebisaTvis 2882,5 aTas aSS<br />
dolari).<br />
adgilobrivi mineralizebuli wylebis an Savi zRvis<br />
wylebis gamoyenebiT, wyalsadenebisa da kanalizaciis<br />
dReRamur raodenobis hipoqloridis Rirebulebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. cxr.), fulad gamosaxulebaSi ekonomia<br />
sasmel da Camdinare wylebis gasauvnebel produqtze dRe-<br />
RameSi wyalsadenebSi: 228,3 aSS dolaria (aRm. saq. 92,18 aSS<br />
dolari, das. saq. 136,53 aSS dolari), xolo kanalizaciaSi<br />
640,9 aSS dolari (aRm. saq. 262,29 aTasi aSS dolari, das.<br />
saq. 378,52 aSS dolari). sul dRe-RameSi wyalsadenkanalizaciis<br />
sistemisaTvis ekonomia 969,2 aSS dolars<br />
Seadgens.<br />
mineralizebuli da Savi zRvis wylebis eleqtroloziT<br />
miRebuli hipoqloridis Rirebuleba SesaZlebelia sagrZnoblad<br />
Semcirdes eleqtrolizis procesSi adgilobrivi<br />
alternatiuli (wylis, qloris da sxv.) eleqtroenergiis<br />
wyaroebis gamoyenebiT an eleqtroenergiis SeRavaTiani<br />
tarifebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
eleqtrolizuri danadgarebiT SesaZlebelia agreTve:<br />
dabebis, soflebis, kurortebis, individualuri dasasve-<br />
76
nebeli saxlebis, samxedro obieqtebis, samrewvelo,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki safeiqro, liTondamamuSavebeli, galvanuri,<br />
tyav-sagalanterio, infeqciuri, onkologiuri, tubdispanseris<br />
da sxv., kanalizaciebSi Camdinare wylebis gasauvneblad.<br />
wyalsaden -kanalizaciis wylebis gasauvneblad erT dRe-<br />
RameSi saWiro qlorproduqtebis _ Txevadi qloris da<br />
hipoqloridis Rirebulebis grafikuli asaxva<br />
(aSS dolarebSi)<br />
77<br />
nax.1.<br />
Tanamedrove gausnebovnebis aseTive tipis danadgarebi,<br />
romlebic specialuri reaqtorebiT qlorSemcveli oqsidentis<br />
xsnars iRebs NaCl-is xsnaridan, vfiqrobT ufro<br />
efeqturad gamoiyeneba qlorkalciumiani da qlornatriumiani<br />
mineraluri miwisqveSa wylebidan gausnebovnebis<br />
xsnaris dasamzadeblad, radgan, Tu qloris mwarmoebeli da
momwodebeli qveyana raime mizeziT Cvens qveyanas qloris<br />
mowodebaze etyvis uars, maSin mizanSewonili iqneba<br />
maRakmineralizebul wylebze orientireba, rac Semdgomi<br />
kvlevis sagania.<br />
amJamad, cnobilia sasmeli da Camdinare wylebis<br />
gauvneblobis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> xerxebi da meTodebi: qlorireba,<br />
ozonireba, baqteriociduli dasxiveba, membranuli filtrebi,<br />
eleqtrolizi da sxv. aRniSnuli meTodebidan, dReisaTvis<br />
praqtikulad umTavresad mimarTaven wylis daqlorvas<br />
Txevadi qloriT, romelic ufro ekonomikurad iqna miCneuli<br />
sxva alternatiul meTodebTan SedarebiT. Tumca, masac<br />
axasiaTebs naklovanebebi, ris gamoc daiwyo sasmeli wylis<br />
gauvneblobis alternaiuli meTodebis Zieba.<br />
natriumis sulfatis xsnaris meSveobiT natri-kationituri<br />
filtrebis regeneraciis procesis gamokvleva<br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong>-mkvlevarTa jgufi: z. megreliSvili,<br />
l. klimiaSvili<br />
kvlevebi Catarebulia pilotur danadgarze. laboratoriulma<br />
kvlevebma saSualeba misca mecnier-mkvlevarebs<br />
natriumis sulfatis meSveobiT gamokveTiliyo ZiriTadi<br />
kanonzomierebani da Taviseburebani natri-kationituri<br />
filtrebis regeneraciis procesSi. SemuSavebulia kationitis<br />
muSa cvladi moculobis gaangariSebis meTodika,<br />
arsebuli da axlad proeqtirebadi ioncvladi filtrebisaTvis.<br />
miRebuli koeficientebis mniSvneloba rekomendebulia<br />
gamoyenebul iqnes arsebul danadgarebis eqspluataciisas,<br />
optimizaciis reJimis praqtikuli amocanebis<br />
gadawyvetisaTvis, im reagentis kuTri xarjis moZiebis gziT,<br />
romelic Seesabameba dayvanili danaxarjebis minimums. aseve<br />
Catarebuli miRebuli eqsperimentuli monacemebis maTematikur-statistikuri<br />
damuSaveba.<br />
78
Camosxmuli sasmeli da mineraluri wylebis<br />
falsificirebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb<br />
mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: l. qobulaSvili, l. klimiaSvili,<br />
n. nacvliSvili<br />
naCvenebia da gaanalizebulia sasmel da mineralur<br />
wylebze lazeruli gamosxivebis moqmedebis Sedegebi.<br />
warmodgenilia wylebis luminescenciis speqtrebis mixedviT<br />
monacemTa bankis Seqmnis aucilebloba. gansazRvrulia falsifikaciis<br />
faqtebis da produqciis warmoSobis dadgenasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli, eqspertebis, teqnologiebis, ekologebis<br />
interesebis sferoSi Semavali amocnebis gadaWris gzebi.<br />
naxevrad sawarmoo danadgarze gamomuSavebuli<br />
saregenacio xsnarebis Termoqimiuri darbilebis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>mecnierTa</strong>-mkvlevarTa jgufi z. megreliSvili,<br />
l. klimiaSvili, n. nacvliSvili<br />
natri-kaTionituri filtrebis regeneraciisas natriumis<br />
sulfatis gamoyenebas mivyavarT maRali saerTo sixistis<br />
sulfaturi Camdinare wylebis warmoqmnasTan. am ukanasknelSi<br />
kalciumis sulfatis koncentracia ramdenimejer<br />
aRemateba dasaSveb saangariSo sidideebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
damuSavda regeneraciis daxuruli sistemisa da Camdinare<br />
wylebis damuSavebis teqnologiis xerxi.<br />
79
teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, 2003-2008<br />
ww., ruseTis sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
namdvili wevris * b.i. boqoliSvilis cxovreba da<br />
moRvaweoba<br />
boris ilias-Ze boqoliSvili daibada 1936 wlis 21<br />
ivliss siRnaRis raionis sof. bodbisxevSi mosamsaxuris<br />
ojaxSi. mama ilia Tarimanis Ze boqoliSvili 1943 wels 33<br />
wlis asakSi daiRupa samamulo omis fronteze da ori<br />
mcirewlovani Svilis gazrdis simZime mTlianad daawva dedas<br />
mariam boqoliSvils.<br />
batoni borisi 1943 wels Sevida sof. bodbisxevis<br />
saSualo skolis I klasSi, xolo 1951 wlidan swavla<br />
gaagrZela maCxaanis saSualo skolaSi. pirveli dReebidanve<br />
igi qvemo maCxaanis saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis<br />
gamgis, respublikis damsaxurebuli maswavleblis siRnaRis<br />
raionSi `varo maswavleblad~ cnobil q-n varo WuWula-<br />
Svilis yuradRebis areSi moeqca. man baton borisSi SeniSna<br />
didi niWi da Sromismoyvareoba, Sehfica doba mis dedas q-n<br />
mariams da sTxova borisis Semdgom winsvlaSi mieRo<br />
monawileoba da 1952 wlidan moyolebuli qalbatonma, varom<br />
gardacvalebamde (1978 wlamde), SesaSuri dedoba gauwia mas.<br />
batoni borisi kmayofilebiT aRniSnavs, rom mas gaumarTla,<br />
radgan yavda iseTi maswavleblebi, romlebic iyvnen<br />
dawyebiT klasebSi maro gadelia da eliko zurabiSvili,<br />
zeda klasebSi ki respublikis damsaxurebuli maswavleblebi<br />
nina nacvliSvili, maro tuxaSvili, eliso niblaZe, marine<br />
mWedliSvili.<br />
batonma borisma SromiTi saqmianoba daiwyo swavlis<br />
periodSive. 1951-53 w. zafxulobiT bodbisxevis kolmeurneobaSi<br />
muSaobda jer traqtoristis Semdgom ki kombaineris<br />
TanaSemwed. amas misTvis xeli ar SeuSlia 1954 wels skola<br />
* (2008 wlis agvistoSi, saqarTveloSi ruseTis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />
agresiis winaaRmdeg protestis niSnad uari Tqva am sapatio wodebaze).<br />
80
daemTavrebina medalze da Caricxuliyo saqarTvelos politeqnikuri<br />
institutis meqanika-manqanaTmSeneblobis fakultetis<br />
manqanaTmSeneblobis teqnologiis specialobaze.<br />
studentobis xuTwliani periodi, batonma borisma gaatara<br />
Sinaarsiani da SemoqmedebiTi axalgazrduli cxovrebiT.<br />
pirveli kursidanve iyo swavlis friadosani, aqtiurad<br />
monawileobda studentTa samecniero konferenciebSi, studentTa<br />
TviTSemoqmedebis olimpiadebSi, romaul-berZnul<br />
(kla-sikur) WidaobaSi miRebuli aqvs pirveli Tanrigi da<br />
sami weli umaRlesi saswavleblebis spartakiadebze icavda<br />
institutis Rirsebas, _ paralelurad 1958-60 ww. xelmZ-<br />
Rvanelobda fak-is komkavSirul organizacias. institutSiac<br />
gaumarTla baton boriss moesmina giorgi gedevaniSvilis,<br />
giorgi gociriZis, daviT TavxeliZis, Teimuraz lolaZis,<br />
vladimer cocxaZis, ambrosi ruxaZis, aleqsi gorgiZis...<br />
leqciebisaTvis. fak-is dekanats ar gamorCenia baton borisis<br />
aqtiuri studenturi saqmianoba da rogorc samagaliTo<br />
students 1957-60 ww. dauniSna stalinuri stipendia.<br />
batonma borisma 1960 wels warCinebiT daamTavra politenikuri<br />
instituti da miiRo SeTavazeba muSaoba gaegr-<br />
Zelebina liTonsaWreli Carxebis kaTedraze, an erTi wlis<br />
Semdeg Caebarebina misaRebi gamocdebi moskovis satyeo<br />
teqnikuri institutis miznobriv aspiranturaSi. man airCia<br />
meore SeTavazeba da moskovSi wasvlamde, 1960-61 ww. saqarvelos<br />
xe-tyisa da xis dammuSavebeli mrewvelobis sammar-<br />
Tvelos sakonstruqtoro biuros ufros inJiner-konstruqtorad<br />
daiwyo muSaoba.<br />
1961 wels batonma borisma warmatebiT Caabara misaRebi<br />
gamocdebi moskovis satyeo-teqnikuri institutis aspiranturaSi<br />
da Seudga samecniero muSaobas. 1964 wels, igi aspiranturis<br />
damTavrebamde gamoiZaxes saqarTvelos politeqnikur<br />
institutSi axlad Seqmnil xis damuSavebis teqnologiis<br />
kaTedraze asistentad, ris gamoc ori wlis dagvianebiT,<br />
1967 wlis aprilSi, moskovis satyeo teqnikuri institutis<br />
sadisertacio sabWos sxdomaze daicva sakandidato<br />
81
disertacia. 1968 wlidan mieniWa docentis samecniero<br />
wodeba. baton borisis samecniero kvlevebis mimarTulebas<br />
warmoadgenda webo-burbuSelis wnex-kompoziciebidan rTuli<br />
formis detalebis dawnexva. webo-burbuSelis wnex-kompoziciebi<br />
gamoirCeva dabali denadobiT da amitom wnex formebis<br />
Sevsebis TvalsazrisiT maTi gamoyeneba izRudeboda.<br />
batonma borisma Seiswavla iafi mwebavi nivTierebebi da maTi<br />
damatebiT miiRo optimaluri Tvisebebis mqone wnexkompoziciebi,<br />
romlebic warmatebiT dainerga warmoebebSi.<br />
batonma borisma prof. k. TargamaZesTan, doc. r. axvledianTan,<br />
da prof. T. kandelakTan erTad Seiswavla vazis<br />
nasxlavis resursebi saqarTveloSi da daamuSava misgan<br />
merqnis boWkos filebisa da merqnis burbuSelis filebis<br />
warmoebis teqnologia, ris safuZvelzec sabWoTa saqarTvelos<br />
mTavrobam 1985 wels miiRo Sesabamisi qarxnis q.<br />
TelavSi aSenebis gadawyvetileba.<br />
1972 wlidan batoni borisi samecniero-pedagogiuri<br />
moRvaweobas uTavsebs meqanika-manqanaTmSeneblobis fak-is de-<br />
kanis moadgiled muSaobas, sadac male vlindeba misi adminis-<br />
traciuli saqmianobis SesaniSnavi unari.<br />
baton borisis samecniero saqmianoba Seaferxa 1976 w.<br />
xis damuSavebis specialobis saqarTvelos politeqnikuri<br />
institutidan axladgaxsnil quTaisis politeqnikur insti-<br />
tutSi gadatanam, ris gamoc mas orjer mouxda kaTedrebis<br />
Secvla, jer samuSaod gadavida liTonsaWreli Carxebis,<br />
xolo Semdeg 1980 wlidan axlad gaxsnil `manqanaTmSeneblobis~<br />
kaTedraze. am periodSi man ramdenime naSromi<br />
gamoqaveyna liTonebis WriT damuSavebaSi.<br />
1984 wlis seqtembridan batoni borisi sameurneo<br />
samuSaoebzea. igi iniSneba jer Tbilisis xis damamuSavebeli<br />
kombinatis direqtorad, Semdeg ki Tbilisis musikaluri<br />
instruqmentebis sawarmoo gaerTianebis generalur direq-<br />
torad. misi proncipuli da saqmiani pozicia SeuTavsebeli<br />
aRmoCnda saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis xe-tyisa da xis<br />
damamuSavebeli da adgilobrivi mrewvelobis saministros<br />
82
iurokratuli aparatisaTvis da igi iZulebuli gaxda 1986<br />
wlis seqtembridan dabrunebuliyo saqarTvelos politeqnikur<br />
institutSi. batoni borisis ganTavisufleba Tbilisis<br />
musikaluri gaerTianebis muSaTa 500 kacianma koleqtivma<br />
1986 wlis 14 agvistos gaaprotesta gaficviT. im dros ras<br />
niSnavda gaficva kargad mogexsenebaT, da rom ara isev baton<br />
borisis muSebTan damokidebuleba da gamWriaxoba, Zneli<br />
warmosadgeni ar aris riT damTavrdeboda misTvis es aqcia.<br />
1989 wels meqanika-manqanaTmSeneblobis fakultetis<br />
samecniero sabWo, sam kandidaturas Soris upiratesobas<br />
aZlevs baton boris boqoliSvils da irCevs fakultetis<br />
dekanad, xolo 1991 wels meqanika-manqanaTmSeneblobis axlad<br />
Camoyalibebuli saswavlo-samecniero institutis 250 Tanam-<br />
Sromeli or kandidaturas Soris isev upiratesobas aZlevs<br />
baton boris boqoliSvils da irCevs Tavis direqtorad.<br />
1995 wlis seqtembridan institutis reorganizaciis Semdeg,<br />
faklultetze, igi isev dekania, arCeuli iyo meqanikamanqanaTmSneblobis<br />
fakultetis samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomared<br />
da teqnikuri universitetis samecniero sabWosa da<br />
profesorTa sabWoebis wevrad.<br />
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia baton borisis 16 wliani<br />
moRvaweoba fakultetis xelmZRvanelad. am xnis, 1989-2005<br />
w.w. manZilze man fakultetze Seqmna simSvidisa da saqmiani<br />
urTierTobebis atmosfero. 1989 wlis aprilSi igi gverdze<br />
edga studentobas da maTTan erTad gadaitana 9 aprilisa da<br />
komendatis saaTebis simware. misi dekanad muSaobis wlebis<br />
umetesoba daemTxva qveyanaSi mimdinare negatiur movlenebsa<br />
da gaWirvebas. igi misTvis damaxasiaTebel siTbos da sulier<br />
Tanadgomas ar iSurebda arc TanamSromlebisa da arc<br />
studentebisaTvis.<br />
mZime 1991-93 ww. baton borisis iniciativiT fak-ze<br />
ganaxlda xe-tyis da xis damuSavebis teqnologiis, msubuqi<br />
mrewvelobis nawarmTa teqnologiisa da poligrafiul warmeobaTa<br />
teqnologis specialistTa momzadeba. drois moTxovnilebidan<br />
gamomdinare 2000 wels misi iniciativiT Seiqmna<br />
83
specialoba `mcire bzinesis sawarmoTa mowyobilobebi, ekonomika<br />
da marTva~.<br />
batonma borisma administraciuli saqmianobis paralelurad<br />
ganaaxla samecniero muSaoba da 1999 wels daicva<br />
sadoqtoro disertacia. igi ormocdaaTamde samecniero Sromis,<br />
maT Soris ori meToduri, ori damxmare da erTi fundamentaluri<br />
saxelmZRvanelos avtoria. misi bolodroindeli<br />
samecniero moRvaweobidan aRsaniSnavia qaris eleqtrosadguris<br />
yvelaze ufro sapasuxismgeblo kvanZis, turbinis<br />
frTis, rTuli profilis dasamzadebeli, mWreli iaraRis,<br />
samarjvisa da teqnologiis damuSaveba da maTi praqtikuli<br />
ganxorcieleba.<br />
batoni boris boqoliSvili 1993 wlidan iyo saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis energetikul sakiTxTa komisiis<br />
wevri, saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da teqnologiebis departamentis<br />
manqanaTmSeneblobis seqciis saeqsperto komisiis<br />
Tavmjdomare. igi 1995 wels saTaveSi Caudga sazogadoeba<br />
`qiziys~. magram am periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma movlenebma<br />
ar misca bevris gakeTebis saSualeba, misi TasdnobiT<br />
bodbesa da wnorSi 1999 w. gaixsna saqarTvelos teqnikuri<br />
universitetis mosamzadebeli ganyofileba da qiziyis axalgazrdobis<br />
nawils saSualeba mieca misaRebi gamocdebisaTvis<br />
saTanado codna adgilze mieRo. imave 1999w. man sazogadoeba<br />
`qiziyis~ xelmZRvaneloba gadaabara axalgazrda Taobas.<br />
2006 wlis noemberSi batoni borisi airCies stu-s akademiur<br />
sabWos wevrad.<br />
igi dajildovebulia Rirsebis medliT da Rirsebis<br />
ordeniT.<br />
sadac ki umuSavia baton boriss, yvelgan gamoirCeoda<br />
saqmisadmi erTguli damokidebulebiT, TanamSromlebs Soris<br />
Tesavda sikeTisa da keTilganwyobis atmosferos, aris studentebis<br />
sayvareli pedagogi da aRmzrdeli; misi yoveldRiuri<br />
samqianoba saukeTeso magaliTia yvelasaTvis vinc mas<br />
icnobs. misTvis Tanabrad axlobelia glexis, muSisa da<br />
84
mecnierebis Sroma, ucxo araa gaWirveba da gaWirvebuli<br />
kacis Tanadgoma.<br />
baton boriss aqvs SesaniSnavi ojaxi: meuRle dali<br />
bregvaZe respublikis damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli, Svilebi:<br />
malxazi _ eqimi reanimatologia, irakli fizika-maTematikis<br />
mecnierebaTa kandidati, qeTi _ samedicino aparaturis inJineri,<br />
aris Svidi SviliSvilis papa.<br />
gTavazobT b-ni borisis mravalricxovani nayofieri<br />
samecniero Sromebidan erT-erTi Sromis amonarids:<br />
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТЕКУЧЕСТИ СТРУЖЕЧНО-КЛЕВЫХ<br />
СМЕСЕЙ ЗА СЧЕТ ДОБАВКИ СУЛЬФИТНО-<br />
СПИРТОВОЙ БАРДЫ<br />
(Б.И. Боколишвили)<br />
1. Для повышения текучести стружено-клеевых смесей,<br />
содержащих мочевино-формальдегидные смолы в количестве<br />
10-15% от веса стружки может быть рекомендована добавка<br />
сульфитно-спиртовой барды, однако в количестве, не<br />
превышающем 20% от веса стружки. При большом содержании<br />
в смеси сульфитно-спиртовой барды наблюдается значительное<br />
снижение прочности прессованных издателий.<br />
2. Добовка в стружено-клеевую смесь 15-20% консентрата<br />
сульфитно-спиртовой барды повышает текучесть прессовочной<br />
композиции примено на 25-30% по сравнению с текучестью той<br />
же смеси, не содержащей этой добавки. Одновременно<br />
наблюдается повышение водостойкости прессованных изделий<br />
(примерно в 2 раза снижается их водопоглощение и набухание)..<br />
85
teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor elguja<br />
quTelias cxovreba da moRvaweoba<br />
elguja raJdenis Ze quTelia daibada 1941 w.<br />
martvilis r-nis sof. banZaSi.<br />
1947 wels Sevida amave soflis saSualo skolaSi,<br />
romelic 1958 wels daamTavra oqros medalze. amave wels<br />
Cairicxa i. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetSi<br />
fizikis fak-ze, romelic 1964 wels daamTavra warCinebiT<br />
da ganawilebiT daiwyo moRvaweoba spi-Si laborantis<br />
Tanamdebobaze. 1967 wels Cairicxa spi-s aspiranturaSi,<br />
romelic aseve warCinebiT daasrula 1970 wels da daicva<br />
sakandidato disertacia aqtualur Temaze fizikis dargSi,<br />
aseve warmatebiT daicva sadoqtoro disertacia. b-ni<br />
elguja avtoria 200-mde samecniero Sromis, romelTa meti<br />
nawili gamoqveynebulia sazRvargareTis JurnalebSi da<br />
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom b-ni elgujas samecniero<br />
kvlevebi aRmoCnda friad efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
rac dasturdeba _ saerTaSoriso aRiarebiT. gTavazobT<br />
profesor elguja quTelias xelmZRvanelobiT Sesrulebuli<br />
mravalricxovani nayofieri Sromebidan erTobliv samecniero<br />
naSroms asoc. prof. d. gvencaZesTan, romelic metyvelebs<br />
batoni elgujas udides miRwevebze qimiis sferoSic ki.<br />
(prof. elguja quTelia msoflioSi aRiarebuli mecnieri<br />
fizikis dargSi). (statia ix. qvemoT).<br />
86
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis kompoziciuri<br />
masalebis da nakeTobebis teqnologiis kaTedris pedagogi,<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis r.dvalis<br />
manqanaTa meqanikis institutis ufros mecnier-Tanam-<br />
Sromeli, teqnikur mecnierebaTa kandidati daviT<br />
gvencaZe.<br />
daibada 1940 wlis 28 agvistos q.TbilisSi. 1958 wels<br />
daamTavra q.Tbilisis me-60 saSualo skola oqros medalze,<br />
xolo 1963 wels _ saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis<br />
qimiur-teqnologiur fakulteti plastmasebis dargSi<br />
inJiner-teqnologis kvalifikaciiT da amave wlis agvistodan<br />
igi ukve saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis kibernetikis<br />
institutis inJineria, sadac aqtiurad muSaobs sinaTlis<br />
sxivis bazaze momuSave gamomTvleli manqanis qimiuri<br />
elementebis Seqmnis sakiTxebze.<br />
1966 wlis oqtombridan d.gvencaZe q.moskovis d.i. mendeleevis<br />
saxelobis qimiur-teqnologiuri institutis aspirantia<br />
plastmasebis teqnologiis kaTedraze. am kaTedris<br />
gamgis, msoflioSi sayovelTaod cnobili mecnieris akademikos<br />
v.korSakis gadawyvetilebiT igi sadisertacio samuSaos<br />
asrulebs sabWoTa kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis elementorganul<br />
naerTTa institutSi tribologiuri daniSnulebis<br />
polimeruli kompoziciuri masalebis SemuSavebis saqmeSi.<br />
1971 wlidan d. gvencaZe saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
manqanaTa meqanikis institutis jer umcrosi, xolo<br />
1975 wlidan ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromelia.<br />
1972 wels batonma daviTma warmatebiT daicva disertacia<br />
q.moskovis qimiur-teqnologiuri institutis samecniero<br />
sabWos daxurul sxdomaze da imave wels mieniWa<br />
teqnikur mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi. misi samuSaos<br />
gasaidumloebis mizezi iyo is, rom d.gvencaZis mier polikarbonatis<br />
fuZeze SemuSavebuli antifriqciuli TviTSemzeTi<br />
kompoziciuri masalebi imave wlebSi gamoyenebul iqna<br />
kosmosuri kvlevis saqmeSi, kerZod, Canergil iqna planeta<br />
87
venerasken gagzavnili mfrinavi aparatebis tribologiur<br />
kvanZebSi. batoni daviTis mier SemuSavebuli “esteranis”<br />
markiT cnobili masalebi Sesulia manqanaTmSeneblobis bevr<br />
sacnobaro wignebSi.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis manqanaTa meqanikis<br />
institutSi batoni daviTis samecniero moRvaweobis interesebis<br />
sferoSia akademokos v.maxaldianis mier SemuSavebuli<br />
rotaciuli Zravas moxaxune kvanZebis antifriqciuli grafituli<br />
masalebiT aRWurva, ekologiurad sufTa friqciuli<br />
masalebis SemuSaveba saqarTveloSi warmoebuli bazaltis<br />
boWkos da meoreuli nedleulis bazaze, axali TviTSemzeTi<br />
kompoziciuri masalebis SemuSaveba modificirebuli fenoluri<br />
fisebisa da teflonis bazaze naxSirbadovani da Jangeulebis<br />
Semcveli fxvnilebis gamoyenebiT, fosfaturi<br />
Semkvrelebisa da TviTganvrcobadi maRaltemperaturuli<br />
sinTeziT miRebuli maRaldispersiuli keramikuli fxvnilebis<br />
bazaze maRalefeqturi Termomdgradi da cveTamedegi<br />
keramikuli kompozitebis SemuSaveba da sxv.<br />
amJamad d.gvencaZe xelmZRvanelobs saerTaSoriso _<br />
samecniero teqnikuri centris (МНТЦ) grantis proeqtis<br />
teqnologiur jgufs. es proeqti iTvaliswinebs eqstremalur<br />
pirobebSi momuSave dengamtari polimeruli kompoziciuri<br />
masalebis SemuSavebas da kvlevas.<br />
d.gvencaZe avtoria 60-ze meti samecniero naSromis, 4<br />
gamogonebisa da 4 patentis. igi monawilea mravali respublikuri<br />
Tu saerTaSoriso konferenciebisa da simpoziumebis.<br />
mas xSirad iwveven sakandidato disertaciebis oponentad.<br />
igi 10 welia Tavis codna-gamocdilebas uziarebs axalgazrdobas<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis organul<br />
nivTierebaTa teqnologiis da kompoziciuri masalebisa da<br />
nakeTobebis teqnologiis kaTedrebze. cdilobs gauRviZos<br />
studentebs mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebisadmi interesi.<br />
daviT gvencaZe warmatebiT TanamSroblobs saqarTvelos<br />
teqnikuri universitetis iseT cnobil mecnierebTan, rogorebicaa<br />
profeorebi elguja quTelia, zviad kovziriZe da<br />
88
sxvebi. Tqven winaSe warmodgenili naSromi amis dadasturebaa.<br />
am naSromma didi interesi gamoiwvia 2008 wels<br />
fineTSi, q. tampereSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze<br />
(baltrizi-2008) ris Sedegadac q. stogholmis masalaTa<br />
teqnologiis profesor ulf olofsonTan mecnieruli<br />
TanamSromloba xorcieldeba. statiaSi ganxiluli axali<br />
Taobis friqciuli kompoziciuri masalebis SemuSavebis<br />
sakiTxebi amave wels damuSavda CRDE-is, sesf-is da GRDEis<br />
biznes-partnioruli grantis mixedviT. amitomac statiis<br />
erT-erTi avtori Sps `redas~ xelmZRvaneli revaz daTia-<br />
Svilia q. quTaisidan, romelic yovelnairad cdilobs aiTvisos<br />
xundebis gamoSveba <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> tipis avtomobilebisaTvis.<br />
gTavazobT b-ni daviT gvencaZis da prof. elguja<br />
quTelias saukeTeso naSroms (novacias) mecnier-mkvlevarTa<br />
jgufTan erTad.<br />
nanoforovani kompoziciis bazaze damzadebuli samuxruWe<br />
xundis zesadebis xaxunisa da cveTis TaviseburebaTa<br />
gamokvleva<br />
mecnier mkvlevarTa jgufi: e.quTelia, d.gvencaZe, o.wurwumia,<br />
r.daTiaSvili, l.gvencaZe<br />
axali uazbesto friqciuli (samuxruWe) kompoziciuri<br />
masalebis Seqmna dResac aqtualur amocanad iTvleba. samwuxarod,<br />
azbesti, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise dsT qveynebSi,<br />
axlac ki meqanikuri satransporto saSualebebis (avtomobilebis)<br />
samuxruWe masalebis ZiriTadi komponentia (50%-ze<br />
meti). amasTanave, miuxedavad imisa, rom warmoebis mier<br />
gamoSvebuli uazbesto samuxruWe xundebi akmayofileben<br />
ZiriTad teqnikur moTxovnebs (maRali xaxunis koeficienti,<br />
stabiluri samuxruWe reJimi, maRal temperaturebze ~350°C<br />
xaxunis kvanZis muSaunarianobis SenarCuneba), maT umravlesobas<br />
mainc gaaCniaT garkveuli naklovanebebi, romlebsac<br />
miekuTvnebian: wripini dabal siCqareebze damuxruWebisas,<br />
89
xmauri maRali siCqariT moZraobisas, damuxruWebis efeqturobis<br />
Semcireba samuxruWe sistemis 350°C-is zeviT gacxelebisas,<br />
xaxunis koeficientis maRali maCvenebelis arastabiluroba<br />
(vardna) mSralidan svel xaxunze gadasvlis<br />
momentSi da samuxruWe diskos cveTis maRali intensivoba;<br />
amasTanave avtomobilis borblebze samuxruWe kvanZis<br />
nacveTis moSavo feris produqtebis warmoqmna, romelic<br />
araesTetikuria da romlis Tavidan acileba sxva zemoT<br />
xsenebuli naklovanebebTan erTad, Tanamedrove moTxovnebiT<br />
aseve sasurvelia.<br />
warmoebis (msoflios <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> firmebis) mier<br />
gamoSvebuli samuxruWe zesadebebis friqciuli masalebi<br />
warmoadgenen maravalkomponentian kompoziciebs (7-dan 12-mde<br />
da meti komponentis). es kompoziciebi mzaddeba standartuli<br />
fxvnilovani teqnologiiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
komponentebis SerCeuli TanafardobiT Serevis gziT<br />
homogenuri kazmis momzadebas, miRebuli kazmis porciis<br />
moTavsebas presformaSi liTonis sadebTan erTad, wnevis<br />
zemoqmedebiT cxel kompaqtirebas da Semdgom TermodamuSavebas.<br />
amJamad seriulad gamoSvebuli samuxruWe xundebis<br />
warmoebaSi arsebuli teqnologia kargad aris aTvisebuli.<br />
gaumjobesebuli triboteqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis da dabali<br />
TviTRirebulebis mqone axali produqciis danergvisas<br />
mwarmoeblebi cdiloben ar Secvalon es tradiciuli teqnologia,<br />
xolo am produqciis aucilebeli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
realizacia ganaxorcielon Tvisebebis modificirebiT da<br />
Sixtas sawyisi masalebis komponentebis raodenobis Semcirebis<br />
gziT.<br />
cnobilia, rom kompoziciebis Semdgenebis tipisa da raodenobis,<br />
maTi nawilakebis formisa da zomebis optimaluri<br />
SerCeviT SesaZlebelia mniSvnelovnad gaizardos xaxunis<br />
kvanZis cveTamedegoba, xaxunis kvanZis daniSnulebisda mixedviT,<br />
farTo diapazonSi vcvaloT xaxunis koeficienti,<br />
amasTanave kontroli gavuwioT miRebuli friqciuli kompo-<br />
90
ziciuri nakeTobebis Tbofizikur, meqanikur da sxva Tvisebebs.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom umravles, seriulad gamoSvebul<br />
samuxruWe xundebs axasiaTebT <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> xarisxis zemoTa-<br />
RniSnuli naklovanebebi da azbestSemcvel samuxruWe xundebTan<br />
SedarebiT isini ufro ZviradRirebulia. zemoTqmulidan<br />
gamomdinare, agreTve imis gamo, rom azbestSemcveli<br />
samuxruWe xundebis warmoeba garemos dacviTi organoebis<br />
mier akrZalulia, samuxruWe zesadebebis warmoebisaTvis<br />
axali uazbesto kompoziciuri masalebis Seqmnis gzebis Zieba<br />
(maT ar axasiaTebT aRniSnuli naklovanebebi da ufro<br />
srulad pasuxoben Tanamedrove avtomobilebis samuxruWe<br />
kvanZebisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs) warmoadgens aqtualur<br />
samecniero-teqnikur amocanas.<br />
Cvenis azriT erT-erT SesaZlebel gzas arsebuli<br />
samuxruWe zesadebebis iseTi naklovanebebis aRmofxvrisaTvis,<br />
rogoricaa wripini, xaxunis koeficientis arastabiluroba<br />
mSralidan svel xaxunze gadasvlisas da damuxruWebis<br />
efeqturobis Semcireba maRal temperaturebze, warmoadgens<br />
samuxruWe zesadebebis iseTi forovani masalis Seqmna,<br />
romelsac fizikur-meqanikuri da tribologiuri Tvisebebis<br />
moTxovnebis doneze gaaCndes maRali demfirebis unari bgeris<br />
rxeviT diapazonSi an srulad aridebdes TviT bgeriTi<br />
xmauris warmoqmnas xaxunisas.<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT mocemul samuSaoSi Seswavlil<br />
iqna samuxruWe xundis zesadebis kompoziciaSi nanoforovani<br />
ingredientis Seyvanis zegavlena misi xaxunisa da cveTis<br />
maxasiaTeblebze, SemdgomSi Sixtis axali iafi kompoziciis<br />
SemuSavebis mizniT misgan samuxruWe zesadebebis<br />
dasamzadeblad samuxruWe xundebis warmoebis tradiciuli<br />
teqnologiis gamartivebuli sqemis gamoyenebiT.<br />
2. eqsperimentuli nawili.<br />
Ffxvnilovani teqnologia saSualebas gvaZlevs miviRoT<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> daniSnulebis forovani kompoziciuri masalebi,<br />
magram maravalkomponentiani kompoziciis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
rogorsac warmoadgens samuxruWe zesadebebis masala,<br />
91
arsebuli teqnologiiT SeuZlebelia uzrunvelyofili iqnas<br />
erTgvarovani zomis submikronuli forebis Tanabari<br />
ganawileba da amasTan erTad SenarCunebul iqnas moTxovnebis<br />
doneze friqciuli zesadebebis kompozitis simtkice da<br />
sisale. amitom teqnologiis tradiciuli sqemis Seucvlelad,<br />
samuxruWe xundebis warmoebisaTvis nanoforovani<br />
kompoziciuri masalis Seqmnis yvelaze martiv meTods<br />
warmoadgens kompoziciaSi ultradispersiuli fxvnilovani<br />
iseTi komponentis Seyvana, romlis TiToeuli nawilaki<br />
Seicavdes iqneba nanozomis forebis garkveul raodenobas. am<br />
mizniT yvelaze misaRebs warmoadgens bunebrivi nedleulis<br />
diatomitis umTavresi Semadgeneli nawilis – kaJovani<br />
javSnis agebulebasa da geometriul TanafardobaSi bunebrivad<br />
Cadebuli (realizebuli) forianobis parametrebis<br />
unikaluri Taviseburebani. sawyis nedleulad kazmis<br />
Sedgenisas Cvens mier aRebuli iqna qisaTibis sabados<br />
(samxreT saqarTvelo) diatomiti, romelsac Cautarda<br />
rentgenografiuli da rastruli eleqtronuli mikroskopiuli<br />
mem gamokvlevebi. rentgenografiulma gamokvlevam<br />
aCvena, rom misi qimiuri (mineralogiuri) Semadgenloba 96%<br />
opalia (SiO2·nH2O) da rom is mdgradia maRal (900°C)<br />
temperaturamde.<br />
nax.1. a da b-ze moyvanilia avtorTa mier sawyis masalad<br />
aRebuli TeTri diatomitis fxvnilis Semadgeneli<br />
nawilakebis mem gamosaxulebebi. statistikurma dakvirvebam<br />
aCvena, rom diatomitis sawyisi nedleuli Sedgeba 85÷90%<br />
nax.1. a-ze naCvenebi radialuri agebulebis unaWdevo<br />
sagdulebiani tipis (Ethmodicus gazellae) kaJovani javSnebisagan,<br />
romelTa diametris zomebi meryeobs 4 mkm-dan 10<br />
mkm-mde; javSnebi warmoadgenen Txel (sisqiT 100÷200 nm)<br />
diskoebs, romlebic Tavis mxriv TiToeuli Seicavs<br />
ramodenime aseulamde gamWol, wriuli kveTis cilindrul<br />
forebs diametrebiT 100÷500 nm, radialurad zusti<br />
geometriuli ganlagebiT. garda aRniSnuli tipis javSnebisa,<br />
nedleuli Seicavda gansxvavebuli tipis diatomitis<br />
92
nawilakebs jamuri raodenobiT araumetes 10÷12%-isa,<br />
romlebic agreTve nanoforovani aRnagobisa iyo (nax.1.b).<br />
mkvlevarTa mier SemuSavebul iqna kazmis axali kompozicia,<br />
romlis ZiriTad ingredientad aRebuli iqna diatomitis<br />
aRniSnuli nedleulis fraqcionirebiT (rac gulisxmobs<br />
mis dafqvasa da gacras) miRebuli ultradispersiuli<br />
fxvnili. diatomitis fxvnili SerCeuli TanafardobiT<br />
Seereoda kazmis danarCen komponentebs baritis, spilenZisa<br />
da plastifikatoris (xaxunis modifikatoris) fxvnilebs<br />
homogenuri narevis miRebamde. maRali wnevis gamoyenebiT<br />
cxeli kompaqtirebisaTvis Semkvrelad kazmSi Seereoda<br />
agreTve qimiurad modificirebuli fenolformaldehiduri<br />
fisi. qimiurad modificirebuli fisis gamoyeneba Semkvrelad<br />
miznad isaxavda cxeli kompaqtirebiT miRebuli samuxruWe<br />
xundis zesadebis samuSao temperaturebis gazrdas 600Cmde.<br />
planetarul wisqvilSi diatomitis nedleulis<br />
daqucmacebuli natexebis (~5mm) dafqvisas ramdenime wuTis<br />
ganmavlobaSi xdeboda diatomitis javSnis diskosebri<br />
nawilakebis (nax.2.a.) dafSvna da dafqvili masalis gacriT<br />
iRebdnen ultradispersiul fxvnils, Semdgars firfitisebri,<br />
perimetrze dakbiluli nawilakebisagan, zomebis<br />
dispersiiT 0,2-5 mkm. amasTan, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,<br />
fxvnilSi yoveli nawilaki Seicavda saSualod erTidan<br />
aTeulamde gamWol nanoforas diametrebiT 100-500 nm<br />
(nax.2.b.). cxadia aseTi morfologiisa da zomebis mqone<br />
nawilakebisagan Semdgari ultradispersiuli fxvnilis Ziri-<br />
Tad ingredientad Seyvanam mkvlevarTa mier SemuSavebuli<br />
kazmis kompoziciaSi, am ukanasknels SesZina moculobis<br />
mWidrod Sevsebisa da advilad gamkvrivebis Tviseba, amitom<br />
aseTi kazmisagan maRali wnevis zemoqmedebiT cxlad kompaqtirebis<br />
arsebuli meTodiT damzadebuli samuxruWe xundis<br />
zesadebi masala xasiaTdeba mTels moculobaSi nanoforebis<br />
statistikurad Tanabari ganawilebiT teqnologiuri makroforebis<br />
praqtikulad ar arsebobisas.<br />
93
kazmis optimizebuli kompoziciebis eqsperimentulad<br />
dadgenis mere, samuxruWe xundebis warmoebis miRebuli<br />
teqnologiuri ciklis gamoyenebiT damzadda nanoforovani<br />
kompoziciuri zesadebis mqone samuxruWe xundebis sacdeli<br />
nimuSebi laboratoriuli sastendo tribologiuri da<br />
meqanikuri testirebisaTvis da agreTve avtomobilis<br />
realuri eqspluataciis pirobebSi gamocdebis Casatareblad.<br />
laboratoriul stendze testirebul da realurad<br />
avtomobilSi namuSevar samuxruWe xundebs (wina borblebze)<br />
utardebodaT cveTaze namuSevari zedapirebis (da maTi ganivi<br />
kveTebis) struqturuli gamokvlevebi rastruli eleqtronuli<br />
mikroskopis DSM-960 (firma “OPTON”, germania)<br />
meSveobiT, SemuSavebuli axali samuxruWe masalis xaxunisa<br />
da cveTis TaviseburebaTa dadgenisa da maTi meqanizmis<br />
Seswavlis mizniT.<br />
3. miRebuli Sedegebi da diskusia<br />
testireba da gamokvlevebi CautardaT ori tipis sacdel<br />
partias samuxruWe xundebisa: erTi partia xundebisa damzadebul<br />
iqna zesadebiT, romlis kazmis SemadgenlobaSi ar iyo<br />
Setanili plastifikatori (xaxunis koeficientis modifikatori);<br />
xolo meore partiis xundebis sacdel nimuSebs<br />
gaaCndaT zesadebi damzadebuli kazmiT, romlis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Setanili iyo plastifikatori sxva danarCeni<br />
ingredientebis imave Tanafardobisas, rac pirvel SemTxvevaSi.<br />
baritisa da diatomitis SemcvelobaTa Tanafardobis<br />
variacia sacdel kompoziciebSi avtorebs saSualebas<br />
aZlevda ekontrolebinaT miRebuli friqciuli masalis<br />
xaxunis koeficientis mniSvneloba moTxovnil farglebSi.<br />
laborato-riulma gazomvebma aCvenes, rom pirveli tipis<br />
zesadebi masalis xaxunis koeficienti (samuxruWe diskosTan)<br />
Seadgenda 0,25÷0,3 oTaxis temperaturidan 100°C-mde<br />
temperaturul intervalSi; xolo meore tipis zesadebisaTvis<br />
imave temperaturul intervalSi xaxunis koeficientis<br />
mniSvnelobam Seadgina 0,32÷0,45. amasTan, orive<br />
tipis zesadebisaTvis meqanikuri maxasiaTeblebis (sisale,<br />
94
gawyvetis winaRoba Zvrisa da Runvisas) gazomili mniSvnelobebi<br />
eTanadebodnen am tipis masalebisadmi Tanamedrove<br />
standar-tebiT wayenebul moTxovnebs. mniSvnelovani Tviseba,<br />
rac laboratoriuli testirebisas da agreTve realuri<br />
eqsplua-taciis pirobebSi gamoavlina sacdelma samuxruWe<br />
xundebis zesadebis masalam, iyo is, rom is inarCunebda<br />
stabilur maRal xaxunis koeficientis mniSvnelobas mSrali<br />
xaxunidan svel (wyliT) xaxunze gadasvlis SemTxvevaSic da<br />
ar iwvevda wripins dabal siCqareebze damuxruWebisas.<br />
mkvlevarTa, es garemoeba dakavSirebulia nanoforovani<br />
samuxruWe zesadebi masalis samuxruWe diskos zedapirTan<br />
xaxunisas moxaxune zedapirebis faqtiuri kontaqtis<br />
farTobebze ganviTarebuli fiziko - meqanikuri movlenebisa<br />
da cveTis produqtebis warmoqmnis meqanizmebis TaviseburebebTan.<br />
am mosazrebis dasasabuTeblad gamokvleuli iqna<br />
samuxruWe xundebis zesadebis realurad namuSevari<br />
zedapirebis struqturuli transformaciebi rastruli<br />
eleqtronuli mikroskopis meSveobiT.<br />
nax.3.a-g-ze moyvanilia samuxruWe xundis sacdeli nimu-<br />
Sis zedapirebis mem gamosaxulebebi gadaRebuli samuxruWe<br />
diskosTan xaxunis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> xangrZlivobis Semdeg.<br />
mkafiod gamovlinda, rom zesadebis zedapiris cveTis xasia-<br />
Ti mkveTrad gansxvavebulia samuxruWe diskosTan e.w.<br />
“mimuSavebis” stadiaze da mimuSavebis Semdgom e.w. “stacionaruli”<br />
cveTis stadiebze. axal samuxruWe diskosTan (ara<br />
namuSevari) xaxunisas pirveli ramodenime damuxruWebis<br />
Semdeg xundis zesadebis zedapirze daimzireba metalis<br />
(Tujis, foladis) diskos moSlifuli (sawyisi) zedapiris<br />
mikro uswormasworebaTa Sverilebis mier datovebuli<br />
kvalebi paraleluri nakawrebisa da xaxunis Sedegad<br />
aZenZili submikronuli nawilakebis gadalesvis arxebis<br />
(Sverilebis Tanazomadi) saxiT (nax.3.a). dinamikaSi es stadia<br />
Zalian swrafad mTavrdeba da myardeba e.w. Tanabari (dabali<br />
intesivobiT) cveTis stadia, rogorc xundis zesadebis, aseve<br />
samuxruWe diskosaTvis, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom diskos<br />
95
zedapiri iRebs Tavisufali submikronuli abraziviT<br />
polirebuli zedapiris saxes - xdeba sawyisi (pirveladi)<br />
zedapiris profilis mikrouswormasworobaTa mogluveba da<br />
SverilTa maqsimaluri simaRleebis gaTanabreba arsebuli<br />
submikronuli Sverilebis doneebamde, profilis axali<br />
submikronuli mdgenelis gazrdis xarjze da Sedegad<br />
vRebulobT moxaxune zedapiris planarulobis gazrdas.<br />
imavdroulad (paralelurad) samuxruWe xundis zesadebis<br />
zedapirze formirdeba cveTis produqtis (miRebuli ZiriTad<br />
kompoziciis nanoforovani komponentis destruqciis<br />
Sedegad) nanonawilakebisagan Semdgari fxvnilis fena sisqiT<br />
sul ramodenime mikroni, romelsac Tavis mxriv zedapirze<br />
submikronuli forebis TviTmowesrigebis niSnebi gaaCnia (ix.<br />
nax.3. b, g). amasTan, is garemoeba, rom aRniSnul zedapirze<br />
ar daimzireba samuxruWe diskos zedapiris uswormasworobaTa<br />
mikroSverilebiT gamowveuli kawvris kvalebi<br />
(nax.3. b), ar niSnavs imas, rom uswormasworobebi gaqra<br />
xaxunis procesSi, aramed moxda maTi amplitudis Semcireba<br />
maqsimaluri simaRlis Sverilebis intensiuri mocveTis gamo.<br />
aRniSnuli eqsperimentuli faqtis asaxsnelad nax.4. a-ze<br />
moyvanilia samuxruWe diskosa (1) da samuxruWe xundis<br />
zesadebis (2) kontaqtSi myofi moxaxune zedapirebi ganivi<br />
kveTis (Wrilis) sqematuri warmodgena. diskos zedapiris<br />
uswormasworobebi warmodgenilia ri radiusis mqone<br />
naxevarsferuli Sverilebis miaxloebaSi, xolo kontaqtSi<br />
myofi zedapirebis urTierTSeRwevis efeqturi siRrme<br />
aRniSnulia Δh-iT, romelic Seadgens muxruWis zesadebis<br />
zedapirze “stacionarul” reJimSi xaxunisas warmoqmnili<br />
nanonawilakebisagan Semdgari fxvnilis fenis sisqisa da<br />
samuxruWe diskos zedapiris uswormasworobaTa Sorisi<br />
sivrcis cveTis analogiuri produqtebiT Sevsebuli “fenis”<br />
saSualo sisqeTa jams. aRniSnuli sqematuri warmodgenis<br />
realobas adasturebs samuxruWe diskos namuSevari<br />
zedapiris mikrouswormasworobaTa Soris siRrmeebSi<br />
“Capresili” cveTis ultradispersuli produqtis zedapiris<br />
96
ubnis mem gamosaxuleba (nax. 4 b), romelic aCvenebs agreTve<br />
aRniSnuli “Capresili” masalis nanoforianobas da rom es<br />
ukanaskneli samuxruWeE xundis zedapirze warmoqmnili<br />
nanonawilakebisagan Semdgari fxvnilis nawilia.<br />
winaRobis gradientis wesis Sesabamisad, romelic aucilebel<br />
pirobas warmoadgens garegani xaxunis realizaciisaTvis,<br />
mocemul SemTxvevaSi Zvris winaRobis gradientis<br />
ganxorcielebis meTodebis sqemas unda daematos<br />
nanofxvnilis SuaSris formireba, romelic mniSvnelovan<br />
rols TamaSobs nanoforovani masalis bazaze miRebuli<br />
samuxruWe zesadebebis xaxunisa da cveTis meqanizmSi. nanofxvnilis<br />
es SuaSre – “afski” Zalian swrafad warmoiqmneba<br />
moxaxune wyvilis kvanZis muSaobis dawyebis Semdeg da<br />
SemdgomSi damuxruWebis procesis ganmeorebadi ciklebisas<br />
permanentulad Tan axlavs (Tanaarsebobs), romelic<br />
ganuwyvetliv Seivseba zesadebis ZiriTadi masalisagan,<br />
rogorc samuxruWe zesadebis zedapirze, aseve liTonuri<br />
kontrsxeulis zedapirze “dagruntvis” saxiT am zedapiris<br />
simqiseebze. “denadi” nanofxvniliT Sevsebuli samuxruWe<br />
diskos zedapiris uswormasworobebi (simqiseebi) samuxruWe<br />
zesadebis zedapirze srialisas, romelic uTxelesi (~5 mkm)<br />
nanofxvnilis feniTaa dafaruli, ar ganicdis civWedvas da<br />
Sesabamisad daRlasac, ris gamoc diskos cveTa mimdinareobs<br />
Tanabrad aglejis gareSe. amitom gasagebi xdeba diskos<br />
cveTis dabali xarisxi xaxunis koeficientis maRali<br />
mniSvnelobisas. saqme imaSia, rom moxaxune wyvilis<br />
urTierTqmedebis dros cveTis produqtis – nanofxvnilis<br />
Sualeduri Txeli SuaSris Tanaobisas _ mkveTrad izrdeba<br />
zedapirebis sakontaqto farTebi da xaxunis kvanZSi mcirdeba<br />
kuTri wneva, romlis drosac maRal doneze SenarCunebulia<br />
Zvris winaaRmdegobis AZalebi moxaxune zedapirebis gadaadgilebasTan<br />
SedarebiT “denad” fxvnilSi nanonawilakebs Soris<br />
Sinagani xaxunis gamo.<br />
avtomobilebis realuri eqspluataciis pirobebSi samuxruWe<br />
xundebis sacdeli nimuSebis gamocdebma aCvenes, rom 25<br />
97
aTasi kilometris qalaqis pirobebSi gavlis Semdeg maTi<br />
zesadebis cveTis xarisxi Seesabameboda analogiur pirobebSi<br />
namuSevari ITT industriuli kompaniis (italia) seriuli<br />
xundis friqciuli zesadebi masalis GALFER 3261 FF<br />
cveTis xarisxs, maSin rodesac samuxruWe diskos cveTis<br />
sidide iyo orjer naklebi ITT-is xundTan namuSevar diskos<br />
cveTis sididesTan SedarebiT. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
mkvlevarTa mier SemuSavebuli xuTkomponentiani masalis<br />
kompoziciaSi Semvsebad grafitis ar arsebobam, zesadebi<br />
masalis cveTis produqtebi gaxada ufro esTetikuri<br />
(araSavi) da SedarebiT advilad gasarecxi.<br />
mZime pirobebSi, gadaxurebisas, masalis muSaunarianobis<br />
Semowmebis mizniT samuxruWe xundebs, damzadebuls<br />
SemuSavebuli forovani kompozitis zesadebisagan, CautardaT<br />
testireba 20-jeradi seriebiT damuxruWebisas 130 km/sT<br />
siCqaridan saboloo gaCerebamde ~6,5 m/wm SenelebiT.<br />
gaqaneba-damuxruWebis yoveli ciklis xangrZlivoba Seadgenda<br />
daaxloebiT 50 wams. am pirobebSi izomeboda realuri<br />
Seneleba, muxruWis saterfulze Zalva da xundebis<br />
temperatura. laboratoriul pirobebSi damzadebuli xundebis<br />
sacdeli nimuSebis aseTi gamocdebis rezultatebi mocemulia<br />
nax. 5. am naxazidan Cans, rom 400°C-mde damuxruWebis<br />
efeqturobis Semcireba ar aRiniSneba. testirebis Semdeg<br />
samuxruWe diskos da samuxruWe zesadebebis wyvilis<br />
zedapirebis kvlevam aCvena, rom friqciul zesadebebs ar<br />
gaaCndaT daSlis (rRvevis) kvali, xolo samuxruWe diskos<br />
cveTa atarebda Tanabar xasiaTs xaxunis sarkiseburad gluvi<br />
zedapiris SenarCunebiT anaglejis gaCenis gareSe.<br />
4. daskvna<br />
Seswavlilia samuxruWe xundis zesadebis kompoziciaSi<br />
nanoforovani igredientis Seyvanis zegavlena misi xaxunisa<br />
da cveTis maxasiaTeblebze. friqciuli masalis misaReb<br />
SixtaSi ZiriTadi ingredientis nawilakebis meSveobiT<br />
nanoforebis Seyvanam saSualeba misca mkvlevarTa jgufs,<br />
raTa SeeqmnaT samuxruWe xundebis zesadebis axali, xuTi<br />
98
komponentisagan Semdgari nanoforovani kompozicia,<br />
romelsac gaaCnia stabilurad maRali xaxunis koeficientis<br />
mniSvneloba 0,3÷0,45 farglebSi, rogorc mSrali ise sveli<br />
xaxunis pirobebSi, ar iwvevs wripins dabal siCqareebze<br />
damuxruWebisas da amasTan xasiaTdeba samuxruWe diskos<br />
cveTis orjer naklebi intensivobiT arsebul uazbesto<br />
friqciul masalebTan SedarebiT.<br />
nax.1. qisaTibis sabadodan (saqarTvelo) aRebuli diatomitis nimuSis<br />
Semadgeneli nawilakebis mem gamosaxuleba: a) Ethmodicus gazellae -<br />
tipis nawilakebi, b) Gyrosigma attenuatum – tipis nawilaki;<br />
nax.2. diatomitis fxvnilis nawilakebis mem gamosaxuleba: a) sabados<br />
bunebriv nimuSSi dafqvamde b) planetarul wisqvilSi dafqvili da<br />
gacrili fxvnilis nimuSSi.<br />
99
nax. 3. nanoforiani samuxruWe xundis zesadebis namuSevari<br />
zedapirebis mem gamosaxuleba: a) axal samuxruWe diskTan<br />
“mimuSavebis” stadiaze namuSevari zedapiri; b) imave xundis<br />
zesadebis zedapiri xangrZlivi damuxruWebis reJimSi muSaobis<br />
Semdeg; g) amave nimuSis gamosaxuleba ganivi kveTis mxridan.<br />
100
nax.4. a) samuxruWe diskosa (1) da samuxruWe xundis zesadebis (2)<br />
kontaqtSi myofi moxaxune zedapirebis ganivi kveTis sqematuri<br />
warmodgena; b) samuxruWe diskos zedapiris ikrouswormasworobaTa<br />
(ri) Soris “Capresili” ultradispersiuli cveTis produqtis<br />
zedapiris ubnis mem gamosaxuleba.<br />
nax.5. nanoforovani zesadebebiani samuxruWe xundebis sacdeli<br />
nimuSis damuxruWebis efeqturoba gadaxurebisas<br />
101<br />
Zala<br />
damuxruWeba
Seswavlilia samuxruWe xundis zesadebis kompoziciaSi<br />
nanoforovani igredientis Seyvanis zegavlena misi xaxunisa<br />
da cveTis maxasiaTeblebze. kompoziciaSi nanoforebi (200-<br />
500 nm) warmoiqmneba diatomitis nawilakebis meSveobiT<br />
SemuSavebuli forovani kompoziciebis cveTis Taviseburebebisa<br />
da xaxunis meqanizmebis kvlevam cxadyo, rom<br />
nawilakebis mikrostruqtura da Termomedegoba (900°C-mde)<br />
ganapirobeben maRal tribologiur parametrebs, rogorc<br />
mSral, ise sveli xaxunis pirobebSi. am masalebs gaaCniaT<br />
ufro esTetikuri (araSavi) feri da ar aris SedarebiT<br />
advilad gasarecxi misi cveTis produqti. axali Taobis<br />
kompoziciuri masalis Semkvrelad qimiurad modificirebuli<br />
fenolformaldehiduri fisis gamoyenebam samuxruWe xundebis<br />
tribologiuri parametrebis stabiluroba aamaRla 600°C<br />
saeqsploatacio temperaturamde, xolo samuxruWe diskos<br />
muSaunarianoba gazarda TiTqmis orjer. baritisa da<br />
diatomitis Semcvelobis varireba kompoziciaSi saSualebas<br />
iZleva xaxunis koeficientis regulireba movaxdinoT saWiro<br />
diapazonSi. mSrali xaxunis koeficientis mniSvnelobebi<br />
SemuSavebuli masalisaTvis icvleba 0,3÷0,45 farglebSi, da<br />
praqtikulad igive rCeba sveli xaxunis pirobebSic.<br />
miRebuli Sedegebi saSualebas iZleva davaskvnaT, rom axali<br />
SemuSavebuli kompozicia warmoadgens samuxruWe xundebis<br />
zesadebebisaTvis ukeTes masalebs arsebul uazbesto<br />
friqciul masalebTan SedarebiT.<br />
102
useTis sabunebismetyvelo akademiis namdvili wevris,<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis qimiuri<br />
teqnologiisa da metalurgiis fakultetis dekanis,<br />
gamoCeuli mamuliSvilis, t.m.d. prof. nugzar wereTlis<br />
samecniero da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba<br />
nugzar wereTeli daibada 1956 wlis 28 ianvars q.<br />
WiaTuraSi. saSualo skolis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg<br />
Cairicxa saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis metalurgiul<br />
fakultetze specialobiT _ Savi liTonebis metalurgia,<br />
romelic aseve warCinebiT daamTavra 1980 wels. amave<br />
wels Cairicxa spi-s metalurgiis fakultetis aspiranturaSi<br />
Tavisi specialobiT (Savi liTonebis metalurgia),<br />
romelic daamTavra 1983 wels. b-ni nugzari gamoirCeoda<br />
SromismoyvareobiT, niWierebiT da sanimuSo organizaciuli<br />
niWiT, rogorc studentobis wlebSi aseve aspiranturaSi<br />
swavlis periodSi.<br />
1986 wels warmatebiT daicva sakandidato disertacia,<br />
xolo 2003 wels sadoqtoro disertacia metalurgiis<br />
metad aqtualur Temaze.<br />
Tavis profesiaze usazRvrod Seyvarebulma qarTvelma<br />
mamuliSvilma gaiara samecniero wodebis yvela safexuri<br />
umcrosi mecnier-TanamSromlidan profesorobamde; 1983-87<br />
ww-Si b-ni nugzari saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />
kazmis momzadebisa da gadamuSavebis problemuri laboratoriis<br />
umcrosi mecnier-TanamSromelia, 1987 w. ufrosi<br />
mecnier TanamSromeli, 1987-2003 ww. wamyvani mecnier<br />
TanamSromeli, 2003-2005 ww. mTavari mecnier TanamSromeli.<br />
1987 wlidan 2003 wlamde eWira docentis Tanamdeboba Savi<br />
liTonebis metalurgiis kaTedraze da 2003 wlidan amave<br />
kaTedris profesoria. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
nugzar wereTeli sargeblobs udidesi siyvaruliTa da<br />
pativiscemiT, TanamSromlebsa da studentebs Soris,<br />
TiToeuli studenti madlieria misi mSobliuri siTbosi da<br />
erTguli damokidebulebisa. prof. nugzar wereTelma did<br />
103
pedagogiur moRvaweobasTan harmoniulad SeaTavsa nayofieri<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba, risi dasturicaa mis mier bolo 15<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoqveynebuli 45-ze meti samecniero<br />
Sroma, maTgan 15 gamogoneba, romelTa umravlesoba<br />
saerTaSoriso aRiareba hpova.<br />
gTavazobT prof. nugzar wereTlis xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
Catarebuli nayofieri samecniero kvlevebidan or maTgans:<br />
manganumiani feroSenadnobebis gamodnobis procesis<br />
Termodinamikuri analizi kazmSi specialuri masalebis<br />
gamoyenebisas<br />
(mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: n. wereTeli, q. wereTeli,<br />
d. nanobaSvili)<br />
manganumis oqsidebisa da kaJmiwis naxSirbadiT aRdgenis<br />
reaqcia ganmsazRvreli faqtoria manganumiani feroSenadnobebisa<br />
warmoebis procesSi, amitom SiO2-C da Mn-O-C<br />
sistemebis Termodinamikuri analizi yovelTvis iwvevda<br />
specialistTa did interess. Catarebuli kvlevebis miuxedavad,<br />
manganumiani feroSenadnobebis gamodnobis teqnologiebi<br />
kvlavac dasaxvewia da Semdgom srulyofas saWiroebs,<br />
radgan dabalia kazmidan liTonSi manganumisa da kaJbadis<br />
amokreba da maRalia manganumis danakargebi.<br />
wonasworuli narevis tradiciuli e.w. kerZo Termodinamikuri<br />
gaangariSeba, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mxolod<br />
saorientacio Sedegebs iZleva, ris gamoc aRniSnulma<br />
meTodma TiTqmis amowura Tavisi SesaZlebloba. amJamad<br />
Seqmnilia wonasworuli mdgomareobis ufro srulyofili<br />
saangariSo algoriTmebi da egm-is programebi e.w. sruli<br />
Termodinamikuri gaangariSeba, romelic maRali temperaturuli<br />
procesebis Seswavlisas miznobrivi produqtebis<br />
miRebis fizikur-qimiuri safuZvlebis damuSavebisa da minimalurad<br />
aucilebeli eqsperimentuli kvlevebis saSualebas<br />
iZleva.<br />
104
aRniSnuli sruli Termodinamikuri gaangariSeba jibsis<br />
enegriis minimaluri mniSvnelobis an entropiis maqsimaluri<br />
sididis gansazRvras emyareba. miRebuli Sedegebidan gamomdinare,<br />
zogierTi specialsiti upiratesobas fazuri diagramebis<br />
agebas aniWebs, xolo zogierTs ufro marTebulad,<br />
temperaturuli Wrilebis mixedviT, liTonisa da widis<br />
qimiuri Sedgenilobis cvlilebis kanonzomierebis gansazRvra<br />
miaCnia.<br />
mocemul SemTxvevaSi Termodinamikuri gaangariSeba<br />
programuli kompleqsis gamoyenebiT IBM-286<br />
tipis kompiuterze ganxorcielda. aRniSnuli programa<br />
idealuri heterogenuli sistemisTvisaa Sedgenili, erTmane-<br />
TSi uxsnadi kondensirebuli fazebis warmoqmnas iTvaliswinebs<br />
da wonasworobisas sistemis entropiis maqsimaluri<br />
mniSvnelobis gansazRvras emyareba.<br />
kazmSi oqsidebis raodenoba, %<br />
Termodinamikuri gaangariSeba silikomanganumisa da<br />
naxSirbadiani feromanganumis kazmebze Catarda (cxrili).<br />
kerZod, speckoncentratisa (Mn 40,4%, SiO2 12,4%, CaO 5,9%,<br />
P 0,17%) da maRali kaJmiwaSemcvleli specproduqtis (Mn<br />
14,3%%, SiO2 42,5%, CaO 10,0%) gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
Seswavlili iqna widis fuZianobisa da temperaturis gavlena<br />
naxSirbadiani feromanganumisa da silikomanganumis gamodnobis<br />
teqnikur-ekonomikur maCveneblebze.<br />
miRebuli Sedegebidan gamomidnare, silikomanganumis<br />
kazmebis SemTxvevaSi, kaJbadis amokrebis maqsimaluri mniSvne-<br />
105
loba liTonSi (45,9%) 1800 0 C temperaturaze widis<br />
fuZianobis 0,35 mniSvnelobisas miiRweva.<br />
amave temperaturaze widis fuZianobis 0,49-mde<br />
gazrdiT 1,17-jer matulobs CaSiO2-is wona, ris Seedgadac<br />
38,6%-mde ecema kaJbadis amokreba liTonSi, ris gamoc<br />
aRniSnuli elementis Semcveloba SenadnobebSi 14%-mde<br />
klebulobs (nacvlad 16,3%). kaJbadis amokrebis gazrdaze<br />
aseve dadebiTad moqmedebs temperaturis momatebac. kerZod,<br />
Tanabari fuZianobis SemTxvevaSi kazmebis 100 0 C temperaturis<br />
momatebiT, widaSi silikaturi naerTis (CaSiO3)<br />
raodenobrivi matebis miuxedavad, liTonSi saSualod 15,7%iT<br />
izrdeba kaJbadis amokreba. niSandoblivia isic, rom<br />
temperaturis momatebiT SeimCneva manganumis amokrebis<br />
xarisxis Semcirebis tendencia, rac airad fazaSi aRdgenili<br />
manganumis raodenobrivi danakargebis gazrdiT aixsneba.<br />
kerZod, manganumis aorTqleba 1800 0 C temperaturaze 22,9-<br />
23,4% Seadgens, nacvlad 8,8-9,1%-is 1700 0 C temperaturaze,<br />
rac saSualod 11,1%-iT amcirebs liTonis gamosavals.<br />
Termodinamikuri analizidan gamomdinare, specproduqtebis<br />
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi silikomanganumis xarisxobriv maCveneblebze<br />
dadebiT gavlenas axdens temperaturis momateba da<br />
widis fuZianobis Semcireba.<br />
naxSirbadiani feromanganumis gamodnobis procesis<br />
Termodinamikuri gaangariSebidan gamomdinare, maRalmanganumiani<br />
widebi (MnO 29,2-48,8%) SedarebiT dabal temperaturul<br />
intervalSi miiReba (1400-1500 0 C). am SemTxvevaSi<br />
manganumis Semcveloba liTonSi 76,12% aRwevs, xolo<br />
fosforis raodenoba 0,30-0,43% zRvrebSi meryeobs.<br />
marTalia 100 0 C temperaturis momatebiT liTonSi fosforis<br />
Semcirebis tendencia SeimCneva, magram matulobs<br />
kaJbadis amokreba da misi Semcveloba liTonSi 1800 0 C-ze<br />
5,7% aRwevs. amasTan maRal temperaturaze dnobisas wida<br />
Raribdeba manganumiT da gamousadegeri xdeba Semdgomi<br />
gadamuSavebisaTvis.<br />
106
Termodinamikuri gaangariSebiT miRebuli Sedegebi<br />
gaTvaliswinebul iqna eqsperimentuli gamokvlevebis Catarebisas.<br />
samrewvelo pirobebSi specproduqtebis miRebisa da<br />
misgan silikomanganumis gamodnobis teqnologiebis<br />
damuSaveba da aTviseba<br />
(mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: n. wereTeli, q. wereTeli,<br />
d. nanobaSvili)<br />
zestafonis feroSenadnobTa qarxana dReisaTvis 70<br />
aTas tona silikomanganums awarmoebs. aRniSnuli liTonis<br />
gamodnobis teqnologia kazmSi manganumSemcvel masalasTan<br />
erTad kvarcis gamoyenebasac iTvaliswinebs.<br />
qarxanas kvarciti sazRvargareTidan Semoaqvs da tona<br />
produqciaSi 50 aSS dolars ixdis. kvarcitis deficitis<br />
Sevsebis mizniT stu-s, ss `WiaTurmanganumis~ da zfq-s<br />
specialistebis mier, WiaTurmanganumis pirobebSi, damuSavebul<br />
iqna maRalkaJmiwaSemcveli naWrovani specproduqtis<br />
miRebis teqnologia. kerZod, cfg 2-Si 50-0 mm fraqciis<br />
mqone garecxili madani arasrulad iqna damsxvreuli _ 16<br />
mm-mde. daleqvis win damsxvrevis bolo stadiaze gamoyofil<br />
iqna 50+16 mm-iani specproduqti im raodenobiT, romlis<br />
Semdgomi danamceceba gamdidrebis mizniT ekonomiurad<br />
gaumarTlebelia. miRebuli specproduqti, kvarcitis<br />
nacvlad, warmatebiT iqna gamoyenebuli zfq-Si silikomanganumis<br />
gamosadnobad.<br />
107
maralkaJmiwaSemcveli specproduqtis miRebis<br />
teqnologiuri maCveneblebi<br />
cxrli 1<br />
specproduqtis miReba or etapad ganxorcielda da misi<br />
teqnologiuri parametrebi pirvel cxrilSia mocemuli.<br />
specproduqtidan silikomanganumis gamodnobis samrewvelo<br />
dnobebi aseve or etapad Catarda 22,5 mva simZlavris<br />
eleqtrorkalur RimelSi. sakazme masalebis qimiuri<br />
Sedgeniloba da silikomanganumis gamodnobis teqnologiuri<br />
maCveneblebi me-2 cxrilSia naCvenebi.<br />
* nacrianoba 12,0%<br />
108<br />
cxrili 2
niSandoblivia aRiniSnos, rom me-2 etapis eqsperimentisas<br />
Rumelis sakerZes araerTgvarovani qimiuri<br />
Sedgenilobis omportuli madani miewodeboda (Mn-is<br />
Semcveloba 36-53%-is farglebSi meryeobda), ramac kazmSi<br />
koqsis raodenobis siWarbe gamoiwvia. Sedegad Semcirda<br />
kazmis kuTri eleqtrowinaRoba da iklo Rumelis warmadobam.<br />
sacdeli dnobebis ganmavlobaSi Rumeli stabilur<br />
reJimSi muSaobda, airebis ganawileba sakerZeze Tanabari iyo,<br />
ris Sedegadac naklebad xdeboda kazmis amofrqveva.<br />
samrewvelo eqperimentebis Sedegebidan gamomdinare,<br />
kvarcitis nacvlad WiaTuris sabados madnebis gamdidrebisas<br />
miRebuli maRalsiliciumiani naWrovani specproduqtis<br />
gamoyeneba qarxnisaTvis teqnologiuradac da ekonomiuradac<br />
misaRebia. amasTan, specproduqtis warmoebiT `WiaTurmanganumSi~<br />
safuZveli Caeyreba madnebis unarCeno gamdidrebis<br />
teqnologias, rac garemos ekologiur gajansaRebasac<br />
Seuwyobs xels.<br />
teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris profesor<br />
Tamaz megreliZis da samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri Tamaz megreliZe daibada<br />
1937 wels ozurgeTSi. 1956 wels Cairicxa saq. politeqnikur<br />
institutSi meqnika-manqanaTmSeneblobis fakultetze,<br />
romelic warCinebiT daamTavra 1961 w. 1975 wels aseve<br />
warCinebiT daicva sakandidato disertacia, xolo 2002<br />
wels sadoqtoro disertacia. b-ni Tamazi 1961-1963<br />
warmatebiT moRvaweobda sasursaTo manqanaTmSeneblobis<br />
saTao sakonstruqtoro biuros inJiner-konstruqtorad.<br />
1963-1967 moRvaweobda saq. kvebis mrewvelobis samecnierokvleviTi<br />
institutis ufros inJinrad.<br />
109
1967 wlidan dRemde eWira stu-Si ierarqiulad yvela<br />
akad. Tanamdeboba da dRes prof. T. megreliZe stu-s<br />
satransporto da manqanaTmSeneblobis fakultetis departamentis<br />
xelmZRvanelia. Rvawlmosili mecnieri avtoria 155<br />
samecniero Sromis, 11 saxelmZRvanelosi, mflobelia 97<br />
saavtoro mowmobisa da 5 patentis, gakeTebuli aqvs 14<br />
moxseneba saerTaSoriso konferenciebze.<br />
prof. T. megreliZis samecniero kvlevis Sedegebi<br />
farTod dainerga praqtikaSi, qveyanas moutana ekonomiuri<br />
mogeba da bevrma maTganma saerTaSoriso aRiareba hpova.<br />
gTavazobT prof. T. megrelaZis erT-erT naSroms (Tumca<br />
mecnieris Sromebis ricxvi sakmaod STambeWdavia).<br />
soios fqvilis gamoyeneba puris cxrobisas<br />
(mecnier mkvlevarebi: g. cincaZe, T. megreliZe,<br />
e. sadaRaSvili)<br />
purisa da purfunTuSeulis nawarmis xarisxis gaumjobesebisaTvis<br />
gamoiyeneba <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> danamati. magaliTad rZis<br />
produqtebis danamati purSi zrdis cilebis raodenobas,<br />
magram ar aumjobesebs cilebis tenis SenarCunebis SesaZleblobas,<br />
amis gamo unda veZeboT axali danamatebi.<br />
aSS-is, inglisis, germaniis da sxva mowinave qveynebis<br />
puris cxobis specialistebis yuradReba miipyro soiosagan<br />
damzadebulma produqtebma. sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
aSS-Si, soios cilebs didi xania iyeneben purisa<br />
da purfunTuSeulis warmoebaSi.<br />
Tanamedrove pirobebSi soiis cilas amzadeben soiis<br />
fqvilis saxiT, romelSic cilebis Semcveloba 50-%-ia.<br />
puris cxoba erT-erTi iseTi dargia, romlis nawarmis<br />
recepturis SemadgenlobaSi warmatebiT aris gamoyenebuli<br />
soios cilebi.<br />
110
soios cilebi SeiZleba miviRoT ramdenime formiT,<br />
romlebic Seesabameba gadamuSavebis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> stadias.<br />
soios nayofis kanis mocilebis Semdeg rCeba marcvlis guli.<br />
romlisganac miiReba soios cximiani fqvili ufro xSirad<br />
soiis marcvlis eqstrapirebiT Rebuloben zeTs da cximgaclil<br />
masas, romlis dafqviT SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes<br />
cximgaclili<br />
xorxoSela.<br />
soiis fqvili an cximgaclili soiis<br />
soiis ganmxoloebuli cilis misaRebad SeiZleba<br />
gamoyenebuli iqnes <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> teqnologia. purfunTuSeulis<br />
warmoebaSi farTod iyeneben cximgaclil fqvils. soiis<br />
cilebis<br />
cxrilSi<br />
tipiuri produqtebis Sedgeniloba mocemulia<br />
cxrili<br />
soiis produqtebis tipiuri Sedgeniloba, %<br />
maCvenebeli marcvali<br />
marcvlis<br />
guli<br />
cximgaclili koncentrati izolati<br />
teqnianoba 11 10 8 5 5<br />
proteini 38 44 54 66 91<br />
cximi 18 21
webogvarasTan da aZlierebs mas. am moqmedebiT igi emulgatorebis<br />
analogiuria, ise rogorc eTerebi.<br />
soiis produqti farTod gamoiyeneba puris cxobisas.<br />
comSi 1kg soiis fqvilis damatebisas saWiroa 1-1,5 l wyali.<br />
raTa SenarCunebul iqnes comis igive konsistencia, rogorc<br />
sabazo produqciisaa. es zrdis comis gamosavlianobas.<br />
magram ufro mniSvnelovania soiis fqvilis produqtSi<br />
cxobis dros tenis SenarCuneba. cdis Sedegad cxobis<br />
danakargebi 1-2%-iT Semcirda. mza prduqcias sabazosTan<br />
SedarebiT hqonda odnav momatebuli tenianoba. produqciis<br />
cxobis siCqare Semcirda da gaizarda vargisianobis xangr-<br />
Zlivoba. 100 kg puris fqviliT, 3 kg soiis fqviliTa da 5<br />
l wyliT momzadebuli comis masa gizarda 8 kg-iT. soiis<br />
fqvilisaTvis (5kg) didi raodenobiT (8l) wylis damatebisas<br />
cdebi zogjer warmatebuli iyo, magram, Tu puris<br />
fqvili sakmarisad mkvrivi ar iyo, maSin puris formis<br />
moculoba rmdenjerme mcirdeboda.<br />
soiis fqvilis efeqtiani gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
comze soios fqvilisa da wylis danamatis raodenobis<br />
gansazRvra. soiis fqvili puris fqvilTan erTad unda<br />
CaitvirTos comsazelSi da areul iqnes wylis damatebamde.<br />
amis Semdeg comi izileba Cveulebriv. zelvis xangrZlivoba,<br />
gafuebis da gamocxobis procesi ar icvleba. xarisxis<br />
mixedviT mza nawarmi Cveulebrivisagan mcired gansxvavdeba,<br />
qerqi SeiZleba iyos naklebad muqi da rbilobis tenianoba<br />
metad SesamCnevi.<br />
kargi xarisxis cximgaclil soiis fqvils aqvs Ria<br />
yviTeli feri, puris fqvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli suni da<br />
gemo.<br />
miRebuli produqtis nedli soiis suni an gemo<br />
migvaniSnebs, rom igi qarxanaSi cudad aris damzadebuli, an<br />
inaxeba maRali temperaturis da tenis pirobebSi. gamocxobil<br />
mza nawarms marcvlis gemo an suni ar unda hqondes.<br />
112
gasufTavebul soiis fqvils emateba 6 an 15%<br />
lecitini. aseTi emulgirebuli fqvili nawilobriv cvlis<br />
kvercxs. Txevadi kvercxi Cveulebriv Sedgeba erTi meoTxedi<br />
mSrali nivTierebisagan da sami meoTxedi wylisagan. Secvla<br />
xdeba mSral nivTierebebze gadaangariSebiT. 1 kg lecitirebuli<br />
soios fqvili cvlis 1 kg mSrali kvercxis an 4kg<br />
mTel Txevad kvercxs (meore SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia davumatoT<br />
3l wyali). Tumca Cveulebriv recepturaSi rekomendacia<br />
eZleva naxevari kvercxis Secvlas. mTel rig SemTxvevaSi<br />
kvercxi mTlianad gamoricxes da miiRes ukeTesi<br />
xarisxis produqti danakargebis mniSvnelovani ekonomiiT.<br />
emulgirebuli soiis fqvili, Cveulebriv 6-jer naklebia<br />
kvercxis mSrali nivTierebis Rirebulebaze.<br />
amrigad, Cveulebriv soiis fqvili puris fqvilTan<br />
SedarebiT ufro met lizins Seicavs. meore mxriv, puris<br />
fqvilis webogvaraSi SedarebiT meti raodenobis gogirdSemcveli<br />
aminomJavaa, igi soiis cilebSi arasakmarisi<br />
raodenobiTaa. cilebis orive narevi kvebiT Rirebulebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT ufro maRali xarisxisaa. garda amisa, soios<br />
fqvilis damatebiT purSi cilebis raodenoba matulobs.<br />
magaliTad standartul comSi 3% soiis fqvilis SetaniT<br />
mza produqciis moculoba izrdeba 0,6%-iT. zemoaRniSnuli<br />
eqsperimentis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom soiis<br />
fqvilis gamoyenebiT xdeba fqvilis mier wylis STanTqma da<br />
tenis SenarCuneba cxobis procesSi (danakargebis Semcireba<br />
cxobisas), rac zrdis puris gamosavlianobas da masSi<br />
cilebis da aminomJavebis Sedgenilobas. yovelive amis<br />
safuZvelze izrdeba produqciis realizacia da ra Tqma<br />
unda izrdeba Semosavalic. soiis Sereva fqvilis puris<br />
fqvilSi zrdis mza nawarmSi cilebisa da aminomJavebis<br />
Sedgenilobas. es uzrunvelyofs produqtis kvebis Tvisebebis<br />
gaumjo-besebas, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im momxmareblebisaTvis,<br />
romelTaTvisac puri kvebis ZiriTad wyaros<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
113
qimiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris profesor Temur<br />
xoStarias cxovereba da samecniero moRvaeoba<br />
Teimuraz evgenis-Ze xoStaria daibada 1937 wlis 13<br />
ivniss q. TbilisSi.<br />
saSualo skolis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg 1959<br />
wels Sevida ¿saqarTvelos politeqnikur insSitutSi,<br />
romelic aseve warCinebiT daamTavra 1963 wels. 1972 wels<br />
daicva sakandidato disertacia, 1986 wels daicva<br />
sadoqtoro disertacia, igi avtoria 98 samecniero Sromis,<br />
meti wili gamoqveynebulia sazRvargareTis JurnalebSi. b-ni<br />
Temuris xelmZRvanelobiT daculia 4 sakandidato<br />
disertacia.<br />
1963-64 wlebSi muSaobda spi-Si umcros mecn. muSakis<br />
Tanamdebobaze.<br />
1964-65 ww. kibernetikis institutis ufrosi<br />
specialisti.<br />
1965-68 wlebSi spi-s aspitanti.<br />
1968-72 ww. saq. jandacvis saministros eqsperimentuli<br />
da klinikuri qirurgiis isntitutis ufrosi inJineria.<br />
1972-78 ww. saq. jandacvis saministros Sromis,<br />
higienisa da prof. daavadebaTa samecniero kvleviTi<br />
institutis ufrosi mecnier muSakia.<br />
1978-86 wlebSi saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
farmakoqimiis samec. kvleviTi institutis ganyofilebis<br />
gamgea.<br />
1986 wlidan dRemde saq. teqnikuri universitetis<br />
organul nivTierebaTa teqnologiis mimarTulebis<br />
xelmZRvanelia.<br />
batoni Temuris xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli<br />
samecniero kvlevebis Sedegebma farTo gamoyeneba hpova<br />
praqtikaSi da saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova.<br />
gTavazobT b-ni Temuris erT-erT mniSvnelovan naSroms<br />
mkvlevarTa jgufTan erTad:<br />
114
izomeruli pirolokumarinebis sinTezi da<br />
farmakologiuri kvleva<br />
mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: T. xoStaria, l. boWoiZe,<br />
v. ananiaSvili, n. mirziaSvili, n. bolqvaZe<br />
dReisaTvis cnobili cocxali organizmis Semcveli<br />
qimiuri naerTebis ricxvi Zalze mcirea da, amdenad, sasicocxlo<br />
procesebis xelSemwyobi yoveli axali, biologiurad<br />
aqtiuri heterocikluri sistemis aRmoCena da kvleva<br />
saSualebas iZleva molekulur doneze SeviswavloT organizmze<br />
maTi moqmedeba da, aqedan gamomdinare, davsaxoT strategiuli<br />
gegma mravali paTologiuri procesebis Tavidan<br />
asacileblad. bunebrivi warmoSobis alkaloidi-kumarini, rogorc<br />
misi warmoebuli (kumarinebi), aseT aRmoCenis tipiuri<br />
magaliTia.<br />
kumarinebi, bioorganuli qimiis SedarebiT axali<br />
ganStoebaa, miekuTvneba biologiurad aqtiur heterociklebs<br />
da organuli qimiis udidesi ganayofia.<br />
ujredze qmedeba kurares msgavsi, spazmolituri,<br />
narkotikuli, damawynarebeli, cns-is mastimulirebeli, diuretuli,<br />
antikuagulirebuli, antihelmituri, antileikodermituli,<br />
estrogenuli, sisxlZarRvTa mafarToebeli,<br />
inseqticiduri, mcenareTa Teslis inhibireba, fesvebis zrda<br />
da mravali sxva qmedeba-farmakologiuri Tu fiziologiuri<br />
qmedebis is mcire CamonaTvalia, romelic axasiaTebs ara<br />
marto kumarinebs, aramed sinTezuri gziT miRebul warmoebulebsac.<br />
kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba ar aRini-<br />
Snos ori biologiurad aqtiuri bicikluri sistema _ indolisa<br />
da izatinis saxelwodebiT cnobili 2,3-dioqso-2,3dihidroindolini,<br />
romelTa warmoebulebs Soris, miuxedavad<br />
maTi aRnagobis simartivisa, aRmoCenilia da farTod gamoiyeneba<br />
(samedicino praqtikaSi) mravali fasdaudebeli samkurnalo<br />
saSualeba (dikumaroli da misi sinTezuri analogebi:<br />
115
meqsamini, indopani, indralini, indometacini, meTizazoni da<br />
sxv.).<br />
miuxedavad Sromebis siuxvisa, romelSic asaxulia<br />
kumarinis, indolisa Tu izatinis <strong>qimia</strong>, araferia naTqvami<br />
iseT triciklur kondensirebul sistemebze, romelSic erTdroulad<br />
erT molekulaSia Serwymuli qimiurad gansxvavebuli<br />
da metad mniSvnelovani bicikluri sistemebi: kumarini-indolTan<br />
an kumarini izatinTan<br />
mecnieruli mimarTuleba pionerulia da miznad isaxavs<br />
α -pirino-[4,5-e]indolis kondensirebuli sistemebis safuZvelze<br />
axali Taobis samkurnalo saSualebebis Seqmnas.<br />
msoflioSi kargad cnobili farmacevtuli firma<br />
AstaZeneka (indoeTi) dainteresda kaTedraze miRebuli<br />
naerTebiT da survili gamoTqva usasyidlod Caataros maTi<br />
farmakologiuri kvleva.<br />
analogiuri TxovniT, skriningze Seswavlis mizniT,<br />
mimarTa mkvlevarTa jgufs, agreTve amerikis SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis infeqciur daavadebaTa centrma (hensenis<br />
daavadebaTa nacionaluri centri, kolorados universiteti)<br />
da belgiis jandacvisa da simsivnis nacionalurma centrma.<br />
116
miwodebuli naerTebidan zogierTs (AstaZeneka-s monacemebiT)<br />
maRali tuberkulostatikuri aqtiuroba aRmoaCnda,<br />
xolo jandacvisa da simsivnis nacionaluri centris (belgia)<br />
winaswari monacemebiT, miwodebul naerTebs Soris ukve<br />
aRmoCenilia iseTic, romelic sakmaod did gavlenas axdens<br />
imunosistemaze, maT Soris Sidsisa da avTvisebiani simsivnis<br />
SemTxvevaSic.<br />
warmodgenil naSromSi pirveladaa aRwerili axali,<br />
biologiurad aqtiuri heterocikluri sistemebis-1,2-dioqso<br />
-1,2-dihidro-1H-α -pirono-[4,5-e] indolis(IV) da α -pirono-<br />
[4,5-e] indolis(VII) sinTezi zandmeierisa da e. fiSeris<br />
klasikur reaqciebze dayrdnobiT.<br />
sinTezi ganxorcielda qvemoT moyvanili sqemis<br />
mixedviT:<br />
hidrazini V warmoiqmneba narevSi erTdoulad, 2 geometriuli<br />
izomeris-sin-(Va) da anti-(Vb) formis saxiT:<br />
117
qimiis mecnierebaTa doatoris, profesor Teimuraz<br />
WeiSvilis cxovreba da samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
prof. T. WeiSvili daibada 1949 w. q. quTaisSi. 1966<br />
wels warCinebiT daamTavra Tbilisis me-20 saSualo skola.<br />
amave wels Cairicxa saqarTvelos politenikuri institutis<br />
qimiuri da kvebis teqnologiis fakultetze minisa da<br />
sitalis qimiuri teqnologiis specialobaze, romelic aseve<br />
warCinebiT daamTavra 1971 w da Cairicxa spi-s aspiranturaSi<br />
Tavisi specialobis kaTedraze. aspirantura daamTavra<br />
1974 w. 1975 w. daicva sakandidato disertacia Temaze<br />
`MnO-PbO-B2O3 sistemis minebis da manganumSemcveli minebis<br />
zedapiruli movlenebis kvleva~.<br />
ukve t.m.k. T. WeiSvili silikatebis teqnologiis<br />
kaTedris dargobrivi laboratoriis jer umcrosi, xolo<br />
Semdeg ufrosi mecnier TanamSromelia, xolo 1981 wlidan<br />
kaTedris asistentia, 1982 wlidan 2003 wlamde ameve<br />
kaTedri docenti. 2003 wels daicva sadoqtoro disertacia<br />
Temaze: `samkomponentiani sistemis minebi d elementebis<br />
SemcvelobiT~. 2006 wlidan qim. etqnologiisa da metalurgiis<br />
fakultetis sruli profesoria.<br />
2004 wlidan fakultetis sadisertacio sabWoebis<br />
wevria, 2007 wlidan stu-s warmomadgenelTa sabWos wevria,<br />
xolo 2008 wlidan stu-s Sromebis redkolegiis wevri.<br />
gamoqveynebuli aqvs 90-mde Sroma. miRebuli aqvs 5 saavtoro<br />
ufleba. aris saerTo meToduri da saswavlo literaturis<br />
Tanaavtori. aRzrdili yavs 5 magistri 3 t.m.k. aris doqtorantis<br />
xelmZRvaneli. gTavazobT prof. T. WeiSvilis<br />
ramodenime samecniero Sromas.<br />
118
manganumis (II) oqsidis Semcvel minis kazmSi mimdinare<br />
dabaltemperaturuli procesebis Tavisebureba<br />
(mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi e. qoCiaSvili. T. WeiSvili)<br />
cnobilia, rom gaxurebisas kazmSi mimdinare fizikurqimiuri<br />
procesebis Seswavla saSualebas iZleva Catardes<br />
msjeloba minis struqturis Sesaxeb, ganisazRvros minis<br />
xarSvis optimaluri reJimi da sxv. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />
arebul mosazrebebs manganumis, zogadad rTuli qimiis da<br />
gansakuTrebiT, minis miRebis maRaltemperaturuli procesebiT<br />
gamowveul, manganumis ionebis minaSi araerTniSna mdgomareobis<br />
da maTi gansazRvris siZneleTa Sesaxeb aRniSnuli<br />
gziT manganumSemcveli kompoziciebis Sefaseba mniSvnelovani<br />
xdeba.<br />
mTeli rigi samkomponentiani R2O(RO)-MnO-B2O3(SiO2)<br />
sistemebis, sadac R2O da RO tute da tutemiwa elementTa<br />
oqsidebia, minis kazmSi mimdinare procesebis Seswavlam<br />
gviCvena, rom kazmis gaxurebisas mimdinare gardaqmnebi avlens<br />
rogorc msgavsebas, aseve gansxvavebas. zogadad, boratuli da<br />
silikaturi fuZis kazmebSi, farTo temperaturul intervalSi,<br />
mimdinare maRaltemperaturuli procesebis analizi<br />
warmodgenilia [7]-Si. amave dros, yvela tolfasi Sedgenilobis<br />
minis kazmi (Tu maTSi manganumi Seitaneba Mn(II)O-s<br />
saxiT), miuxedavad Sedgenilobisa, 297-373K intervalSi<br />
avlens srul identurobas. aRniSnuli naTlad Cans, derivatografiuli<br />
kvleviT miRebuli da 1-l nax-ze warmodgenili<br />
dabali temperaturisaTvis tipuri DTA-mrudze arsebuli<br />
wonis mateba-klebis refleqsiT.<br />
119
nax.1. MgMnB Sedgenilobis kazmis derivatograma<br />
wonis mateba 297-373K-ze egzoTermul reaqciasTanaa<br />
kavSirSi, magram aris erTi Taviseburebac kerZod,<br />
egzoefeqtis maqsimumi 363-373K-ze modis, rodesac wonis<br />
aSkara matebas mosdevs wonis kleba. aRniSnuli miuTiTebs<br />
dabaltemperaturul intervalSi (363K-mde) ori procesis<br />
Tanxvedraze erTi 297-333K intervalSi ganlagebuli, egzo-<br />
Termuli xasiaTisaa da wonis matebiT mimdinareobs, xolo<br />
meore ufro maRaltemperaturuli (333-373K) wonis klebiT<br />
xasiaTdeba, magram Tburi efeqtis xasiaTi SenarCunebulia.<br />
aRniSnuli uSualod 293-373K temperaturebze gardaqmnisadmi<br />
midrekil masalasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.<br />
Seswavlili samkomponentiani sistemis kazmebSi Setanili<br />
stabilurvalenturi elementebis (R) karbonatebs an oqsidebs,<br />
siliciumis dioqsids dabal temperaturebze ar<br />
SeswevT unari gamoavlinon qimiuri aqtivoba, miT ufro<br />
wonis matebiT mimdinare, Tavis mdgomareobis arsebiTi<br />
gardaqmna, qimiuri procesebis xarjze (373K-mde), kazmis<br />
120
Semadgenel mxolod or ingredients SeuZlia. esenia<br />
manganumis (II) oqsidi da bormJava. movlenis asaxsnelad<br />
mimarTes rentgenofazur da petrografiul analizs rogorc<br />
sawyisi nivTierebebisaTvis, aseve Termulad damuSa-vebuli<br />
kazmebisaTvis.<br />
kazmis Sesadgenad gamoyenebuli manganumis (II) oqsidis<br />
difraqtogramze (nax.2.) naTlad Cans MnO-s maxasiaTebeli<br />
refleqsebi (d/n=1,338, 1,569, 2,220, 2,560), aseve fiqsirdeba<br />
naklebad intensiuri refleqsebi d/n=1,723, 2,487, 3,056, 3,412.<br />
magram gamovlenili d/n =3,412 da Tanmxlebi susti<br />
d/n=2,487 pikebi gviCvenebs, rom SedgenilobaSi unda iyos<br />
hidratirebuli manganumis (III) oqsidi. ar aris gamoricxuli<br />
mcire raodenobiT Mn2O3 da MnO ⋅( OH)2 arsebobac. miaxloebiTi<br />
fizikuri Sefaseba gviCvenebs, rom hidroqsiduli<br />
Semdgenis raodenoba 14 ± 16-jer naklebia ZiriTad fazasTan<br />
(manganumis (II) oqsidi) SedarebiT. manganumis oqsidis<br />
araerTgvarovnebas petrografiac adaturebs. kvleviT miRebuli<br />
masalis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli xdeba samkomponentian<br />
kazmebSi mimdinare procesis aRwera, romelic kazmSi<br />
arsebuli fizikur-qimiuri gadraqmnebis Taviseburebebs<br />
ganapirobebs.<br />
nax. 2. manganumis(II) oqsidis difraqtorgama<br />
manganumis (II) oqsidSi narevebis saxiT warodgenili<br />
manganumis oqsidi (MnOOH) 333K-mde disproporcirebas<br />
121
ganicdis, Semdgom hidratacias-manganumis dihidroqsidis<br />
warmoqmniT da ukanasknelis mier Jangbadis mierTebiT.<br />
2Mn 3+ OOH → Mn 2+ (OH)2+Mn 4+ O2 (1)<br />
MnO2+H2O → MnO2⋅ H 2O(H2MnO3) (2)<br />
Mn2 3+ O3+H2O ↔ 2Mn 3+ OOH (3)<br />
procesis bolos (dawyebuli 363K-dan) iwyeba orTobormJavas<br />
daSla, kargavs wyals da metabormJavaSi gadadis.<br />
H3BO3(B2O3⋅ 3 H2O) → HBO2(B2O3⋅ 3 H2O)+H2O(2H2O) (4)<br />
(4) reaqciiT warmoqmnilma wyalma unda ganapirobos<br />
reaqciaTa daCqareba, rac gansakuTrebiT, dnobis temperaturis<br />
da Txevadi fazis siblantis dawevis TvalszrisiT,<br />
moaxdens gavlenas. amave dros, mniSvnelovani xdeba ((1)-(3)<br />
mixedviT) Sualeduri produqtebis da hidroboratebis<br />
(kerZod, tute liTonis) warmoqmna, razec miuTiTebs zemoT<br />
moyvanili masala da argumentacia.<br />
warmodgenil (1)-(4) gardaqmnaTa arseboba im procesebis<br />
ganmapirobebeli unda gaxdes, romliTac kazmis damuSavebis<br />
sawyis etapze ganisazRvreba sxvadasxa valentur mdgomareobaSi<br />
manganumis arseboba. dabal temperaturaze sawyis<br />
orvalentian manganumis ionTa oTxvalentiani manganumis<br />
warmoqmna kazmSi mimdinare procesebs Taviseburad warmar-<br />
Tavs. miRebuli Sedegebi gansxvavdeba im SemTxvevebisagan,<br />
romelic manganumis kazmSi Sesatanad misi karbonatis an<br />
dioqsidis gamoyenebisaTvis iqna dadgenili. aRniSnuli kazmis<br />
Semdgomi maRaltemperaturuli dnobiT miRebuli minis<br />
TvisebaTa erT-erTi SesaZlo ganmasxvavebeli mizezi SeiZleba<br />
gaxdes. aRniSnulze metyvelebs warmodgenili Sedegebi,<br />
romliTac mtkicdeba manganumis Semcveli masalis saxis<br />
mniSvnelovani gavlena minis fizikur da qimiur Tvisebebze.<br />
122
kinis, kobltisa da nikelis oqsidebis Semcveli<br />
manganumboratuli minebis aRnagobis Sefaseba<br />
(mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: e. qemxaZe. T, WiSvili)<br />
ori 3d-elementis Semcveli kompoziciebi xSirad<br />
ganapirobebs praqtikulad mniSvnelovani masalebis miRebas.<br />
maT Soris sagulisxmoa naxevargamtariani, izolatoruli<br />
SesarCili da sxva funqciuri daniSnulebis minisebri arseboba.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, minis Tvisebebze maTi gavlenis<br />
Sesaxeb monacemebi Zalze mwiria, rac maTi struqturuli<br />
mowyobis farTo analizis saSualebas ar iZleva.<br />
iseTi sistemebis kvlevas, romlebSic manganumTan erTad<br />
warmodgenilia gardamavali triadis erT-erTi 3d-elementi<br />
(nikeli, kobalti da rkina), mieZRvna mkvlevarTa mier<br />
Catarebuli samuSao. masSi gamoTqmuli iyo mosazreba, rom<br />
minis TvisebaTa cvlisas arsebuli Tavisebureba SeiZleba<br />
gamowveuli iyos minaSi warmoqmnili polivalenturi<br />
elementis ionebis aratolfasi mdgomareobiT, miuxedavad<br />
maTi kristaloqimiuri parametrebis msgavsebisa. mosalodnelia,<br />
rom motanili mizeziT ver iqna miRebuli sasurveli<br />
Sedegi minis struqturis kvlevaSi, iw-speqtroskopiiT da<br />
epr-meTodis gamoyenebiT. kvlevis meTodebidan SedarebiT<br />
informaciuli aRmoCnda minis Termuli damuSavebiT anu<br />
kristalizaciiT miRebuli produqtebis Seswavla rentgenofazuri<br />
analiziT, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxda FeO(CoO,NiO)-<br />
MnO-B2O3 sistemaTa minebis naxatze moyvanil TvisebaTa<br />
cvlis TavisebuebaTa da gansxvavebaTa axsna.<br />
123
FeO(CoO,NiO)-MnO-B2O3 sistemis minebis Tvisebebze Sedgenilobis<br />
gavlena (a), (b) – lgp1 da F-s mniSvnelobebi 5 da 10<br />
mol. % FeO, NiO da CoO Semcvelobisas; (g), (d) – 40 an 50<br />
mol. % B2O3, MnO ⇔ B2O3 Canacvleba: (e) – 5 mol. % FeO,<br />
NiO, CoO Semcvleli minebi, MnO ⇔ B2O3 Canacvleba.<br />
124
erTsa da imave temperaturaze damuSavebuli rkina,<br />
kobalt- da nikelSemcveli manganumkarbonatuli minebi<br />
naTlad avlens <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> bunebis kristaluri fazebis<br />
gamoyofisadmi midrekilebas, Tumca dominantur fazad maTSi<br />
boratebia warmodgenili (cxr). miRebuli Sedegebi saSualebas<br />
iZleva gamoiTqvas mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom minis<br />
ZiriTadi warmomqmnelis (B2O3) monawileobiT minis struqturuli<br />
erTeulebis Seqmnisadmi ufro midrekilia manganumi,<br />
rkina da kobalti. aseTi unari ara aqvs nikels. samagierod<br />
nikeli erT-erTi elementia, romelic magniumTan warmoqmnis<br />
manganits (NiMnO3). aseT unars iCens kobalti, magram aq<br />
ukve izomorfuli oqsiduri naerTis warmoqmnas aqvs adgili.<br />
fosforis gavlena sferulgrafitiani Tujis<br />
Txeldenadobasa da Cajdomaze<br />
(mkvlevarTa jgufi: n. enuqiZe, g. mumlaZe)<br />
fosforiani sferulgrafitiani Tujebi xasiaTdeba<br />
maRali antifriqciulobiT da cveTamedegobiT. amasTan, fosfori<br />
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens iseTi samsxmelo Tvisebebze,<br />
rogoricaa Txeldenadoba da Cajdoma, romelic didad<br />
ganapirobebs sxmulebis xarisxs.<br />
gamoqveynebuli Sromebis did nawilSi Txeldenadoba<br />
ganmartebulia, rogorc Txevadi liTonis unari Seavsos<br />
yalibi. rac Seexeba mis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebs, am mxriv<br />
ar arsebobs erTiani mosazreba. avtorTa erT nawils miaCnia,<br />
rom Txeldenadoba unda gamoisaxos siblantis Sebrunebuli<br />
sididiT, meore Tvlis, rom es faqtori unda ganixilebodes<br />
zedapirul daWimulobasTan erTad, mesame ki am faqtorebis<br />
gavlenas saerTod uaryofs.<br />
n.girSoviCis mixedviT Txeldenadobis ganmsazRvreli<br />
ZiriTadi faqtorebia: nalRobis temperatura, liTonsa da<br />
125
yalibs Soris Tbogadacemis pirobebi da sxmulis moyvanili<br />
sisqe.<br />
sxmuli detalis koinstruqciisa da teqnologiuri<br />
procesis SemuSavebisas aucilebelia Cajdomis Taviseburebebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos misi mavne<br />
Sedegebis aRkveTa. es gansakuTrebiT sferulgrafitian Tujs<br />
exeba, radgan misi Cajdomis procesi sxva Senadnobebisagan<br />
gansxvavebulia.<br />
gamokvleuli iyo Semdegi qimiuri Sedgenilobis<br />
Tujebi, %: C-3,50-3,60; Si – 2,4-2,5; Mn – 0,50-0,60; S – 0,02-<br />
0,023; Mn – 0,035-0,040; P – 0,10-2,1.<br />
sferulgrafitiani fosforiani Tujebis Txeldenadoba<br />
ganisazRvreboda cnobili meTodikiT spiralur sinjze.<br />
temperatura cicxvSi izomeboda modifikatoris Seyvanamde<br />
da Seyvanis Semdeg. agreTve yalibebis Sevsebis procesSi<br />
platina _ platinarodiumis TermowyviliT, romelic daculi<br />
iyo kvarcis garcmiT. Casxmis identuri pirobebis Sesaqmnelad<br />
da liTonis nakadis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> dinamikuri zemoqmedebis<br />
aRsakveTad gamoyenebuli iyo grafitis sacobiani<br />
sasxmi Zabri.<br />
TiToeuli fosforiani Tujisagan Caisxmeboda erTdroulad<br />
ori spirali da ganisazRvreboda maTi saSualo ariTmetikuli<br />
sidide. sinjebis Sevseba xdeboda erTi cicxvidan<br />
Casxmis mudmiv temperaturaze _ 130 0 C. xazobrivad Cajdomis<br />
sididis gansasazRvravad bolSakovis konstruqciis xelsawyo<br />
gamoiyeneboda.<br />
25X25X300 mm zomis sworkuTxa nimuSebi horizontalur<br />
Ria yalibebSi isxmeboda. yalibebis Sevsebis win<br />
maTSi ori vertikaluri wkiri idgmeboda, romelTagan erTi<br />
magrdeboda uZravad, meore ki _ xelsawyos moZrav karetaze.<br />
orive kareta dgeboda xelsawyos CarCoze. moZravi kareta<br />
indikators uerTdeboda, romelic afiqsirebda rogorc<br />
Cajdomas, aseve, gafarToebas.<br />
126
qvemoT moyvanilia sferulgrafitiani Tujis Txeldenadobisa<br />
da Cajdomis gazomvebis Sedegebi, romlebic icvleboda<br />
TujebSi fosforis Semcvelobisagan damokidebulebiT.<br />
moyvanili monacemebidan Cans, rom sferulgrafitiani<br />
Tujis Txeldenadoba masSi fosforis zrdis kvalobaze<br />
0,8%-mde izrdeba, rac aixsneba Tujis naxSirbadis ekvivalentis<br />
amaRlebiT.<br />
cnobilia, rom sferulgrafitiani Tujis Txeldenadoba<br />
maqsimums aRwevs naxSirbadis ekvivalentis 4,5%-ze gamokvleul<br />
TujebSi optimaluri naxSirbadis ekvivalenti (4,5%)<br />
modis fosforis 0,8% Semcvelobaze da Sesabamisi Tuji<br />
xasiaTdeba Txeldenadobis maqsimaluri mniSvnelobiT.<br />
0,8-1,2% P zRvrebSi Tujis Txeldenadoba mkveTrad<br />
mcirdeba naxSirbadis ekvivalentis gazrdis gamo. garda amisa<br />
kristalizaciis procesSi warmoqmnili grafitis CanarTebi<br />
Txevadi fazis siblantes amaRleben. ris gamoc Txeldenadoba<br />
mcirdeba.<br />
fosforis Semdgomi zrdisas 1,2%-is zeviT naxSirbadis<br />
ekvivalentis zrdis kvalobaze Tujis Txeldenadoba nela<br />
izrdeba.<br />
rogorc cnobilia kristalizaciis procesSi, gamyarebis<br />
Semdeg, xdeba sferulgrafitiani Tujis gafarToeba, romelic<br />
maqsimumis miRwevis Semdeg icvleba perlitamdeli<br />
CajdomiT, ris Semdegac Cajdoma grZeldeba sxmulis<br />
sruliad gacivebamde.<br />
xazovani Cajdomis saerTo sidide aris perlitamdeli,<br />
perlitiSemdgomi, sawyisi gafarToebisa da perlituri<br />
gardaqmnisas gafarToebaTa jamis.<br />
127
moyvanili monacemebidan Cans, rom sawyisi Tujis<br />
(0,10%) Cajdoma Seadgens 0,5%. fosforis gazrdiT Tujis<br />
Cajdoma mcirdeba, rac Cajdomiswina gafarToebis gazrdiT<br />
aixsneba, romelic fosfiduri evteqtikis kristalizaciis<br />
gamo, gaxangZlivebulia da ris gamoc perlitamdeli Cajdoma<br />
Senelebulia. amasTan, perlituri gardaqmnisas adgili ar<br />
aqvs gafarToebas, radgan fosforis Semcvelobis gazrdiT<br />
sferulgrafitiani Tujis sxmul struqturaSi perlitis<br />
raodenoba izrdeba.<br />
sawyisi gafarToebis gazrdisa da perlitamdeli<br />
Cajdomis Semcirebis gamo fosfori mkveTrad amcirebs<br />
saerTo xazobriv Cajdomas. fosforis 0,5% Semcvelobaze<br />
Cajdoma nulamde mcirdeba, xolo 0,5% P-is zeviT igi<br />
uaryofiT mniSvnelobebs iZens e.i. nimuSebis zomebi modelis<br />
zomebze meti xdeba.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mkveTri gafarToeba SeiniSneba 0,9-1,2P<br />
zRvrebSi, risi mizezicaa perlitis Semcireba da feritis<br />
gazrda perlituri gardaqmnisas, ris Semdegac gafarToeba<br />
TiTqmis aRar icvleba.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom Cajdomiswina gafarToeba dakavSirebulia<br />
grafitis gamoyofasTan evteqtikuri temperaturis<br />
qveviT, fosfiduri evteqtika ki, zrdis ra gamyarebis<br />
intervals, xels uwyobs am gafarToebas.<br />
Semdgomi eqsperimentiT gamokvleuli iyo Cajdomis<br />
niJarebis moculobaTa cvlilebebi fosforis SemcvelobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
nimuSebi isxmeboda nedl yalibebSi zemoT moyvanili<br />
qimiuri SedgenilobiT. Casxmis temperatura Seadgenda<br />
1320 0 C.<br />
0,4%P-is SemTxvevaSi Cajdomis niJaris moculoba iyo<br />
228sm 3 , 1,1%P – 157sm 3 , xolo 1,4%P – 288sm 3 , romlis zeviT<br />
fosforis sxmulSi gazrda aRar iwvevda Cajdomis niJaris<br />
moculobis zrdas.<br />
128
1,1%P SemTxvevaSi Tujis nimuSSi Cajdomis niJaris<br />
Semcireba misi gamyarebis procesSi gamowveulia sferuli<br />
grafitis mniSvnelovani nawilis gamoyofiT.<br />
1. 0,8%P Semcvelobis sferulgrafitiani Tujis<br />
Txeldenadoba 4,5% naxSirbadis ekvivalentis SemTxvevaSi<br />
maqsimaluria, xolo 0,8-1,2% P zRvrebSi mkveTrad mcirdeba<br />
nalRobis siblantis gazrdis gamo, rac gamowveulia masSi<br />
didi raodenobiT grafitis CanarTebis warmoqmniT.<br />
2. fosforis Semcvelobis gazrdiT Tujis Cajdoma<br />
mcirdeba Cajdomiswina gafarToebis gazrdis gamo, romelic<br />
fosfiduri evteqtikis kristalizaciis Sedegad gaxangZlivebulia.<br />
3. fosforis 0,4%-dan 1,1%-mde gazrdisas Cajdomis<br />
niJaris moculoba 30%-ze mtad mcirdeba. fosforis<br />
Semcvelobis Semdgomi gazrda Cajdomis niJaris moculobas<br />
zrdis 26%-iT, ris Semdegac igi aRar icvleba.<br />
naxevrad xisti (kompoziciuri) sagzao fenilebi Zveli<br />
asfaltbetonis gamoyenebiT<br />
(mecnier-mkvlevarTa jgufi: a. burdulaZe, p. nadiraSvili,<br />
T. meqanariSvili, m. maRraZe)<br />
naxevrad xisti, kompoziciuri fenilebi warmoadgens<br />
asfaltbetonisa da cementbetonis fenilebis kompoziciur<br />
konstruqcias, romelSic garkveuli struqturebis saxiT<br />
Serwymulia bitummineraluri masala da cement-qviSis konstruqciuli<br />
sasruli elementebi.<br />
bitumis da cementis erToblivi gamoyeneba saSualebas<br />
iZleva Seiqmnas Zvris deformaciebisadmi mdgradi, naxevrad<br />
xisti fenilebis axali saxeobebi, romelic gankuTvnilia<br />
eqspluataciis specifikuri pirobebisaTvis.<br />
129
cement-qviSis narevis Setana safaris araxist konstruqciaSi<br />
saWiroebs aRniSnuli safaris modifikacias, sadac<br />
uzrunvelyofil iqneba xisti da araxisti elementebis<br />
drekad-elastikuri urTierTqmedeba. amave dros, amgvar<br />
kompoziciur konstruqciebSi mosazRvre elementebis drekadobis<br />
modulebi mkveTrad ar unda gansxvavdebodes erTmane-<br />
Tisagan da maT Soris arsebuli sasazRvro fenebi unda<br />
uzrunvelyofdes aramkveTr Zalovan gadasvlas araxistidan<br />
xistze da piriqiT. aRniSnuli urTierTqmedeba SeiZleba<br />
miRweul iqnes Semkvrelad bitumis mastikis gamoyenebiT.<br />
misi gamoyeneba sagrZnoblad zrdis fenilis drekad maxasiaTeblebs<br />
da aumjobesebs satransporto-saeqspluatacio<br />
Tvisebebs.<br />
asfaltbetonisa da sxva bitummineraluri masalebisagan<br />
gakeTebuli safari, romelic Seicavs bitumisa da cementis<br />
narevs didi xania aprobirebulia da praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba.<br />
aseve cnobilia cementis gamoyeneba kogeziuri Tvisebebis<br />
gasazrdelad. magram samomavlod gacilebiT mniSvnelovania<br />
gazrdili sixistis mqone safaris damuSaveba kompoziciuri<br />
masalebisa da konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic Seicavs<br />
bitummineralur masalebsa da cement-qviSis xsnars. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi kompoziciur masalebSi igulisxmeba Semkvrivebuli<br />
asfaltbetoni an Savi RorRi (maT Soris Zveli<br />
asfaltbetonis fenilebis regeneraciis Sedegad miRebuli)<br />
romlebic Seicaven cement-qviSis xsnarebs.<br />
kompoziciur konstruqciaSi igulisxmeba asfaltbetonis<br />
an Savi RorRisSemkvrivebuli fena, romelic Seicavs<br />
kompoziciuri masalis Sualedur fenebs.<br />
gazrdili sixiste safuZvels gvaZlevs, rom am tipis<br />
safars ewodos naxevrad xisti, vinaidan horizontaluri<br />
mimarTulebiT axasiaTebs xisti fenilis analogiuri mdgradoba,<br />
xolo vertikaluri mimarTulebiT _ araxisti fenilis<br />
Tvisebebi.<br />
naxevrad xist fenilebSi cement-qviSis xsnaris elementebi<br />
gankuTvnilia sagzao fenilis drekad-xisti ConCxis<br />
130
Sesaqmnelad. aseTi ConCxi kargad ewinaaRmdegeba avtomobilis<br />
Tvlisgan gadmocemul damuxruWebis Zalebs da cxeli<br />
klimatis pirobebSi praqtikulad gamoricxavs fenilebis<br />
Zvris deformaciebs. yovelive amis gamo, naxevrad xisti<br />
fenilebis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT gamarTlebulia cxeli<br />
klimatisa da samTo reliefis pirobebSi. aseTi fenilebis<br />
drekadobis moduli 1,5-jer metia tradiciul asfaltbetonis<br />
fenilebis drekadobis modulze.<br />
naxevrad xisti kompoziciuri fenilebis Seqmnisa da<br />
masSi sruliad gansxvavebuli bunebis mqone masalebis<br />
erTblivi muSaobis aucilebeli pirobaa axali gaumyarebeli<br />
cement-qviSis xsnaris kontaqtireba bitummineralur narevTan<br />
da maTi erToblivi datkepna fenilis mowyobis procesSi.<br />
specialurma gamokvlevebma daadastura, rom jer kidev<br />
sveli gaumyarebeli cement-qviSis xsnari hidrataciis dros<br />
kargad ekvris bitummineralur masalas. maTi urTierTkavSiris<br />
Zalebi ganpirobebulia cementis hidrataciis Sedegad<br />
warmoqmnili kavSirebiT, bitumovani masalebis da<br />
cement-qviSis xsnaris difuziiT, adsorbciuli ZalebiT da<br />
sxva.<br />
naxevrad xisti fenilebis mowyobis mizniT Zveli<br />
asfaltbetonis gaSla xdeba asfaltbetonis damgebi agregatebis<br />
an greideris saSualebiT. odnav datkepnil mdgomareobaSi<br />
masze xdeba cement-qviSis xsnaris datana iseTi<br />
raodenobiT, rom datkepnis Semdeg safaris gaJRenTa moxdes<br />
2,5-3,5 sm-mde siRrmeze (an ufro Rrmad). xsnaris Catkepna<br />
xdeba pnevmatikuri satkepniT, saerTo fenis datkepna jer<br />
mCate da mere saSualo wonis xistdolebiani satkepnebiT.<br />
naxevrad xisti safaris Seqmna dakavSirebulia Semdegi<br />
ori ZiriTadi sakiTxis gadawyvetasTan:<br />
1. Semadgenel komponentebs Soris Siga SeWidulobis<br />
uzrunvelyofa;<br />
2. Zaluri velis racionaluri gadanawileba xist da<br />
araxist elementebs Soris, raTa Zvris Zabvebisagan ganitvi-<br />
131
Tos aRniSnuli konstruqciebis drekad-plastikuri substanciebi.<br />
cement-qviSis xsnaris asfaltbetonTan SeWidulobis<br />
Zala ganpirobebulia meqanikuri urTierTSeRwevadobiT cementis<br />
hidrataciisas, romelsac adgili aqvs kontraqciisa da<br />
adgeziuri Zalis efeqtebiT, bitumis adsorbciis dros,<br />
cementis masalebze im momentidan, roca bitumi exeba axal<br />
cementis xsnars mis srul gamyarebamde.<br />
teqnologiuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, gansaz-<br />
Rvrul iqna bitumis adsorbcia mSrali da teniani cementis,<br />
cement-qviSis xsnarisa da cementis qvis zedapirze. adsorbciis<br />
aqtivobis mixedviT isini ganlagdnen Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:<br />
−3<br />
1. cementis qva ( A ∞ = 21.<br />
9×<br />
10 )<br />
−3<br />
2. cement-qviSis narevi ( A ∞ = 18.<br />
6×<br />
10 )<br />
3. winaswar datenianebuli cementi 2 saaTis Semdeg<br />
−3<br />
( A ∞ = 9.<br />
2×<br />
10 ) .<br />
−3<br />
4. mSrali cementi ( A ∞ = 10×<br />
10 )<br />
SedarebisaTvis SesaZlebelia adsorbciis maCveneblerbis<br />
−3<br />
moyvana, mag., mineraluri fxvnili ( A ∞ = 12.<br />
8×<br />
10 ) da kvar-<br />
−3<br />
culi fxvnili < 0,071 mm ( A ∞ = 4.<br />
4×<br />
10 ).<br />
rogorc eqsperimentma gviCvena, adsorbcia iwyeba cementis<br />
hidrataciis dawyebidan da grZeldeba didi drois<br />
ganmavlobaSi mis srul gamyarebamde. amasTan, cementis<br />
hidrataciis procesi xels uwyobs bitumis adsorbcias<br />
cementis zedapirze. adsorbciis gazrdisas asfaltbetonisa<br />
da cementis qvis simtkice maTi erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebaze<br />
izrdeba 3-jer. bitumis da cementis masalas Soris<br />
mosazRvre fena, romelic izomeba milimetris sizustiT,<br />
iZens sakmaod mtkice kristalizaciur struqturas. realuri<br />
faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad, rom asfaltbetonsa da<br />
cementbetonis xsnars Soris myardeba mtkice kavSiri yvela<br />
132
SemTxvevaSi gaxleCis sibrtye gaWimvisas gadis ara<br />
sasazRvro fenas, aramed asfaltbetonze.<br />
xist da araxist fazebs Soris Zalovani velis<br />
gadanawilebis sakiTxebis gadaWra da Sesabamisad, kompoziciuri<br />
masalebisa da konstruqciebis optimaluri struqturis<br />
Seqmna sakmaod rTul amocanas warmoadgens, sadac<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes masalis struqturis, fenilis<br />
konstruqciisa da mSeneblobis teqnlogiis urTierTkavSiri.<br />
praqtikaSi cnobilia Zvrisadmi mdgradi, naxevrad xisti<br />
fenilebi cxeli bitumis damuSavebuli RorRis e.w. ~Savi<br />
RorRi~) da cement-qviSis xsnaris gamoyenebiT. aseTi fenilebis<br />
SedarebiT naklovan mxares warmoadgens is, rom `Savi<br />
RorRis~ dasamzadeblad saWiroa cxeli bitumi, damtvreuli<br />
qvis masala, asfaltbetonis qarxana (cxeli procesebis gamoyenebiT<br />
momuSave amrevi danadgarebi) da Sesabamisi teqnologiuri<br />
procesebis warmarTva. misi Rirebuleba ar Camouvardeba<br />
asfaltbetonis narevis Rirebulebas, xolo satransporto-saeqspluatacio<br />
maCveneblebi SedarebiT dabali aqvs.<br />
Seswavlilia bitumisa da cementis erToblivi gamoyenebis<br />
sakiTxebi, rac saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas Zvrisadmi<br />
mdgradi naxevrad xisti fenilebis axali saxeobebi.<br />
cementisa da bitumis kombinirebuli gamoyenebisas<br />
gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes Semdegi pirobebi: cementis<br />
danamatebis Seyvanisas konstruqciaSi, safaris sixistis<br />
zrdis miuxedavad, igi unda miekuTvnebodes araxist tips.<br />
safaris mSeneblobis tqnologia unda ganxorcieldes arsebuli<br />
manqana-meqanizmebis gamoyenebis pirobebSi; safari unda<br />
iyos temperaturuli nakerebis gareSe da SeinarCunos araxisti<br />
fenilis yvela dadebiTi saeqspluatacio maCvenebeli.<br />
safari unda iyos ekonomiuri, SesakeTeblad martivi da<br />
gazrdili momsaxurebis vadebiT.<br />
es pirobebi uzrunvelyofilia bitumisa da cementis<br />
kompoziciis sami saxeobis gamoyenebisas Semdeg konstruqciebSi:<br />
133
1. bitummineraluri narevi, romelic Seicavs bitumisa<br />
da cementis kombinirebul Semkvrels;<br />
2. kompoziciuri masalebisagan Seqmnili sagzao samosi,<br />
romelic Seicasvs bitummineralur masalasa da cementis<br />
xsnars;<br />
3. kmpoziciuri masalebisagan Seqmnili sagzao samosi,<br />
romelic Seicavs cementis xsnarisagan Seqmnil xist elementebs.<br />
avtorTa mier SemoTavazebulia naxevrad xisti sagzao<br />
fenili, romelic Seicavs Zveli asfaltbetonis civi meTodiT<br />
regeneraciis Sedegad miRebul RorRis araxist namtvrevebs,<br />
romelTa Soris darCenili mikroforebi Sevsebulia<br />
cement-qviSis gamyarebuli xsnariT. aseTi kompoziciuri<br />
fenili, vertikalurad moqmedi Zalis gavleniT, muSaobs _<br />
rogorc araxisti, xolo horizontalurad mqmedi Zalis<br />
mimarT _ rogorc xisti cementbetonis fenili.<br />
1-l nax-ze warmodgenilia naxevrad xisti sagzao<br />
samosis SesaZlo konstruqcia. am SemTxvevaSi fuZis fenaze<br />
(5) mowyobilia RorRis safuZveli (3), romelzec gaSlilia<br />
Zveli asfaltbetonis danawevrebiT miRebuli RorRis<br />
marcvlebi (1) da masSi Catkepnilia cement-qviSis xsnaris<br />
fena (2) aseTnairad miRebulia safaris qveda fena, zeda fena<br />
mowyobilia wvrilmarcvlovani asfaltbetoniT (4).<br />
naxevrad xisti sagzao fenilis mosawyobad:<br />
winaswar momzadebul safuZvelze igeba Zveli asfaltis<br />
namtvrevebisagan miRebuli RorRis fena (saSualod 6-10 sm<br />
sisqiT); RorRis fenaze iSleba cement-qviSis xsnari da<br />
itkepneba fxvier fenaSi forebis Sevsebis mizniT;<br />
sabolood mTeli fenili erToblivad itkepneba<br />
cnobili manqana-mowyobilobebisa da agregatebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
ase SeiZleba moewyos fenilis rogorc qveda, is zeda<br />
fena. zeda fenis mowyobis SemTxvevaSi cement-qviSis xsnars<br />
mizanSewonilia daematos wonis 2-4% bitumis emulsia.<br />
134
nax. 1. regenirebuli asfaltbetonisa da cement-qviSis xsnarisagan<br />
damzadebuli naxevrad xisti fenilis struqturis sqematuri saxe.<br />
1-Zveli asfaltbetonis RorRis marcvlebi; 2-cement-qviSis xsnari;<br />
3-RorRis fuZis fena; 4-asfaltbetonis fena; 5-fuZis fena<br />
SemoTavazebul sagzao fenilSi gamoyenebulia iaffasiani<br />
Zveli asfaltbetonis namtvrevebi, riTac gamoricxulia<br />
cxeli teqnologiuri procesebi, bitumisa da axali<br />
RorRis saWiroeba. samSeneblo-saremonto samuSaoebis civad<br />
warmarTva SesaZlebelia nebismier dros da nebismier<br />
adgilze, rac farTo SesaZleblobas qmnis yvela kategoriis<br />
gzis (qalaqis, gzatkecilis) fenilebis rogorc saremonto,<br />
ise samSeneblo samuSaoebis Casatareblad, asfaltbetonis<br />
qarxnebTan dakavSirebis gareSe. yovelive es minimum 1,5-jer<br />
amcirebs saremonto (samSeneblo) samuSaoebis Rirebulebas<br />
da iZleva mniSvnelovan ekologiur efeqts.<br />
kompoziciuri fenilis Zvrisadmi mdgradoba ganpirobebulia<br />
Savi RorRis an regenirebuli asfaltbetonis agregatebis<br />
urTierTmobrunebisa da urTierTgacurebis SesaZleblobis<br />
SezRudviT, romlebic moqceulia cement-qviSis xsnaris<br />
xist matricebSi. es matricebi uzrunvelyofs blantplastikuri<br />
fazis yovelmxriv Semofargvlas, ris Sedegadac<br />
135
mcirdeba marcvlebsa da agregatebs Soris sakontaqto<br />
Zabvebis koncentracia. amave dros uzrunvelyofilia fenis<br />
(fenilis) CaRunvis drekad-blanti Tvisebebi, romelic ganpirobebulia<br />
erTmaneTTan mWidrod mdebare or xist fazas<br />
Soris bitumis Txeli fenis arsebobiT. swored bitumis<br />
Txeli fenebi axdens Siga Zabvebis relaqsacias.<br />
kompoziciuri masalis struqturis Taviseburebad<br />
iTvleba is, rom misi reologiuri modeli drekad elementTan<br />
erTad Seicavs blant-plastikur elements, romelic<br />
Tavidan mxolod SezRudul sazRvrebSi muSaobs, Semdg<br />
drekad stadiaSi. kompoziciur masalas aqvs xangZlivi<br />
simtkice, naklebad reagirebs temperaturis cvalebadobaze,<br />
deformirebis siCqaresa da sxva reologiur faqtorebze.<br />
kompoziciuri masalis Zvris moduli<br />
τ p<br />
G = t<br />
γ<br />
sadac τ Zvris Zabvaa. pa; γ -Zvris fardobiTi deformacia;<br />
t -datvirTvis moqmedi dro, wm; p - plastikurobis<br />
maCvenebeli. romelic icvleba 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 sazRvrebSi; damokidebulia<br />
kompoziciur masalaSi cement-qviSis xsnaris Semcvelobaze.<br />
zogadad kompoziciuri masalis simtkice SeiZleba<br />
ganisazRvros Semdegi tolobiT:<br />
RK = K1<br />
⋅ K2<br />
⋅ K3<br />
⋅ RC<br />
,<br />
sadac K R da R C Sesabamisad, kompoziciuri masalisa<br />
da cement-qviSis narevis simtkiceebia, pa; K1-masalis mikrostruqturis<br />
koeficienti; K2 -koeficienti, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
bitumis Semkvrel Tvisebebs; K3 - koeficienti,<br />
romelic iTvaliswinebs datvirTvis saxeobas.<br />
kompoziciuri masalis drekadobis moduli 2-3-jer<br />
metia, vidre asfaltbetonis, xolo gaWimvisa da kumSvisadmi<br />
winaRoba TiTqmis erTnairia. kompoziciuri masalis dadebiTi<br />
136
Tavisebirebaa misi Tviseba aRidginos Siga bmis Zalebi, mzis<br />
radiaciis moqmedebis Sedegad.<br />
kompoziciuri masalis simtkicis Sesafaseblad empiriuli<br />
an miaxloebiTi meTodebi gamoiyeneba. amave dros<br />
naxevrad xisti fenilebis gamoyenebis sferos gafarToebisa<br />
da kvlevebis gaRrmavebisaTvis saWiroa Tanamedrve meTodebis<br />
gamoyeneba, romlebic emyareba drekadobis Teoriis Sesabamis<br />
amocanebs. aseve saWiroa kompoziciuri masalebis Teoriis<br />
damuSavebisas gamoyenebul iqnes struqturul-meqanikuri<br />
Tvisebebis dadgenis statistikuri meTodebi.<br />
kompoziciuri masalis adgilze mowyobis teqnologiis<br />
mTavari principuli aspeqti mdgomareobs SemdegSi:<br />
1. regenirebuli asfaltbetonis an Savi RorRis fenis<br />
dageba da datkepna tradiciuli meTodiT;<br />
2. cement-qviSis xsnaris saWiro raodenobis gaSla<br />
greideriT an sxva meqanizmebiT, raTa Seivsos sicariele<br />
saWiro siTrmeze (mag. 3-6 sm);<br />
3. plastikurobis gazrdisaTvius cement-qviSis xsnars<br />
SeiZleba SevurioT <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> polimeri, mag. kauCuki da<br />
klimaturi faqtorebisadmi mdgradi masalebi;<br />
4. cement-qviSis xsnaris Catkepna generirebuli asfaltbetonis<br />
an Savi RorRis fenaSi vibrosatkepniT an sxva<br />
meqanizmebiT, RorRis marcvlebis gamoCenamde;<br />
5. zeda fenis an zedapiruli damuSavebis mowyoba.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom sixistis zrda cement-qviSis<br />
xsnariT gaJRenTis meTodiT SesaZlebelia ganxrcieldes<br />
sagzao samosis nebismieri konstruqciuli fenisaTvis.<br />
garkveul sirTules warmoadgens xsnaris Tanabari<br />
ganawileba fenilis zedapirze. mecnier-mkvlevarTa mier<br />
Seqmnilia regenirebuli asfaltbetonis an Savi RorRis<br />
fenaSi cement-qviSis xsnaris manawilebel-Camtkepni agregati<br />
(gamogoneba, patenti 3097). misi gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia<br />
cement-qviSis xsnaris fenilze Tanabari sisqis fenad<br />
ganawileba da Catkepna fxvier fuZeSi. manawilebel-Camtkepni<br />
agregati saSualebas iZleva gamartivdes da gaiafdes<br />
137
teqnologiuri procesebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba naxevrad<br />
xisti fenilebis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
aRniSnuli agregatis saerTo xedi Sesabamisi konstruqciuli<br />
elementebiT mocemulia me-2 nax-ze.<br />
nax. 2. agregatis saerTo xedi da konstruqciuli elementebi<br />
1-xvimiri cement-qviSis xsnarisaTvis; 2-cilindruli dolisatkepni;<br />
3-samkuTxa formis Tamasebi; 4-xsnaris fenis<br />
mimmarTveli fari.<br />
agregatis moqmdebis principi Semdegia:<br />
mbrunavi cilundruli doli da mis zedapirze xistad<br />
damagrebuli ganivi erTmaneTisgan Tanabrad daSorebuli da<br />
paralelurad ganlagebuli da samkuTxa ganikveTis mqone<br />
formis wiboebi (Tamasebi) ganapirobebs xsnaris watacebas<br />
Tanabari sisqis fenis calkeul zolebad da specialuri<br />
mimmarTveli faris daxmarebiT maT ganlagebas fuZis<br />
zedapirze;<br />
mbrunavi cilindruli doli, imave wiboebis damxarebiT,<br />
axdens xsnaris efeqturad Catkepnas, fxvieri fenis forebSi<br />
yovelmxrivi dawmevis da ganivad gadinebis SezRudvis<br />
pirobebSi.<br />
138
fxvieri fuZis saxiT SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes<br />
Zveli asfaltbetonis namtvrevebisagan, xreSisa da sxva<br />
fxvieri masalebisagan Seqmnili fenilis konstruqciuli<br />
fenebi.<br />
bitumis polimeraciis Sedegad gamowveuli asfaltbetonis<br />
jdenebi (daaxloebiT 2,5% moculobidan) da<br />
cement-qviSis xsnarsa da bitummineraluri masalis temperaturuli<br />
gafarToebis koeficientebs Soris sxvaoba feniul-<br />
Si ar warmoqmnis dauSvebel Zabvebs.<br />
Cveulebrivi kompoziciuri masalisagan gansxvavebiT<br />
naxevrad xist fenilSi sixistis regulireba xorcieldeba<br />
masSi araxisti fazisa da cement-qviSis xsnaris Semcvelobis<br />
cvalebadobiT. sixistis gazrdisaTvis, garda cement-qviSis<br />
xsnaris Semcvelobis gazrdisa, mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs<br />
blant-plastikuri komponentis zomebi.<br />
naxevrad xisti fenilebis Zvrisadmi mdgradoba SeiZleba<br />
Sefasebul iqnes kritikuli Zalis erTeuliT. xisti<br />
fenis simtkicis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia Sesrulebul<br />
iqnes Semdegi piroba:<br />
Nτ<br />
T ≤<br />
K<br />
sadac N τ horizontaluri (grZivi) Zalaa, pa; K _ maragis<br />
jamuri koeficienti.<br />
cxeli da teniani klimatis pirobebSi, gansakuTrebiT,<br />
mTagoriani reliefisaTvis simtkicis ZiriTad kriteriumad<br />
miiReba Zvris deformaciebi. amgvarad, fenilebis simtkicis<br />
kriteriumis SerCevisas gaiTvaliswineba eqspluataciis<br />
pirobebi _ vertikaluri da horizontaluri Zalebis zemoqmedebis<br />
reJimi, klimaturi da hidrologiuri pirobebi.<br />
Tanamedrove moZraobis pirobebSi fenilis simtkicis kriteriumad<br />
miRebulia rogorc drekadi CaRunva, ise fenilis<br />
Zvris deformaciebi. aRniSnuli kriteriumebis uzrunvelyofis<br />
mizniT naxevrad xisti fenilebSi gazrdilia Zvris<br />
deformaciebisadmi mdgradoba. msgavsi safaris eqspluataciis<br />
vadebi 2-3-jer metia Cveulebrivi asfaltbetonis narevisagan<br />
139
mowyobili safarebis eqspluataciis vadebTan SedarebiT da<br />
sul mcire 2-jer iafia.<br />
mniSvnelovan efeqts iZleva regenirebuli asfaltbetonis<br />
an Savi RorRis fenaSi cement-qviSis xsnaris<br />
manawilebel-Camtkepni agregati, romlis meSveobiT martivdeba<br />
da iasfdeba teqnologiuri procesebi, romlebic<br />
gamoiyeneba naxevrad xisti fenilebis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
dasasruls unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebuli teqnikurekonomikuri<br />
SesaZleblobebi safuZvels gvaZlevs naxevrad<br />
xisti safari CavTvaloT perspeqtiulad samTo reliefis,<br />
cxeli klimatis, maRali intensivobis pirobebSi da<br />
aerodromebis fenilebisaTvis.<br />
q.m.k. daviT gamezardaSvilis samecniero naSromi:<br />
`taribanis sasaqonlo navTobis, misi distilatebis<br />
narCenis da gamoyofili parafinebis gardaqmniT produqtebis<br />
fizikur-qimiur TvisebaTa gamokvleva~<br />
navTobis mopoveba da kvalificiuri moxmareba saxelmwifos<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia.<br />
aRniSnuli samuSao sakmaod aqtualuria, ramdenadac mis<br />
mizans warmoadgenda erovnuli kompaniis `saqnavTobis~ rekomendaciiT<br />
saqarTvelos perspeqtiuli da naklebad Seswavlili<br />
taribanis sasaqonlo navTobis, misi distilatebis,<br />
narCenis, da maTgan gamoyofili parafinebis gardaqmnis produqtTa<br />
fizikur-qimiur TvisebaTa gamokvleva da am nivTierebaTa<br />
kvalificiuri gamoyeneba sawvavi da navTobqimiuri<br />
mimarTulebiT.<br />
naSromis Zalian didi eqsperimentaluri masala da misi<br />
daxvewili Teoriuli damuSaveba da gaazreba aZlevs<br />
mkvlevars saSualebas mravali mniSvnelovani daskvnisa da<br />
ganzogadoebuli kanonzomierebis gakeTebisaTvis.<br />
140
samuSao eyrdnoba Tanamedrove Taobis zust instrumentalur<br />
meTodebs, ris safuZvelzec dadginda taribanis<br />
navTobis fizikur-qimiuri da fraqciuli Sedgeniloba.<br />
aRniSnuli pirdapirnaxadi benzinis gamoyenebis perspeqtiva,<br />
rogorc sabazo komponentisa sasaqonlo benzinebis misaRebad.<br />
dadgenilia agreTve misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis farTo<br />
arealic. navTis fraqciidan sanaTi navTis, xolo dizelis<br />
fraqciidan `zamTris~ markis dizelis sawvavis miRebis<br />
SesaZlebloba, zeTis fraqciis gamoyenebis perspeqtiva myari<br />
gazis warmoebisaTvis. myari parafinebis miReba da misi<br />
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, kvebis, qimiuri da mrewvelobis<br />
sxva dargebisaTvis.<br />
avtori flobs eqsperimentis gansjis da misi Sedegebis<br />
realurad warmosaxvis SesaniSnav unars.<br />
samuSao amarTlebs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs, saqarTvelos<br />
mciredebitiani navTobis gadamuSaveba mxolod sawvavi<br />
mimarTulebiT gaumarTlebelia. gacilebiT xelsayrelia igi<br />
moxmarebuli iqnas mciretonaJiani, ZvidarRirebuli navTobqimiuri<br />
produqtebis warmoebisaTvis.<br />
saferavis jiSis yurZnisagan maRalxarisxovani Rvinis<br />
damzadebis racionaluri teqnologia<br />
mkvlevarTa: jgufi: g. daTukiSvili, m. xomasuriZe,<br />
e. kalatoziSvili, l. mujiri<br />
saqarTveloSi vazis kulturis isotria dakavSirebulia<br />
qarTuli eris istoriasTan.<br />
Soreul warsulSi Rvino sagareo vaWrobaSi<br />
Rebulobda monawileobas da udides rols asrulebda<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi.<br />
qarTuli Rvinis msoflio bazarze damkvidrebisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia teqnologiuri procesebis srulyofa da aprobirebuli<br />
Tanamedrove meTodebis danergva. gansakuTrebiT<br />
141
sayuradRebo da perspeqtiuli wiTeli Rvino, vinaidan msoflioSi<br />
igi didi popularobiT sargeblobs. wiTeli Rvino<br />
Seicavs fenolur da polifenolur naerTebs, romelTac<br />
axasiaTebT radioproteqtoruli, antioqsidanturi Tvisebebi<br />
da adamianis janmrTelobaze dadebiTad moqmedeben. wiTelyurZniani<br />
jiSebidan maRalxarisxovani Rvinis damzadebis<br />
racionaluri teqnologiis SemuSavebisaTvis arsebuli teqnologiuri<br />
xerxebis diferencireba xdeba individualurad,<br />
jiSis Taviseburebebis, simwifis xarisxisa da dasamzadebeli<br />
Rvinis tipis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
axal bazarze Sesvla moiTxovs axlebur midgomebs<br />
warmoebisa da realizaciis sferoSi. saWiroa menejmentis<br />
gaumjobeseba da teqnologiuri gadaiaraRebis ganxorcieleba.<br />
naSromis mizania qarTuli samecniero miRwevebis, ker-<br />
Zod egzogenuri fermentuli preparatebisa da mSrali wminda<br />
kulturuli safuarebis gamoyenebis rekomendeba qarTul<br />
meRvineobaSi Rvinis warmoebis procesebis intensifikaciis,<br />
xarisxis amaRlebisa da danaxarjebis Semcirebis uzrunvelsayofad.<br />
qarTul RvinoproduqciaSi stabiluri fenoluri<br />
da polifenoluri naerTebis Semcvelobis gazrda, agreTve<br />
warmoebisaTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba qarTul bazaze<br />
importirebuli egzogenuri fermentuli preparatebisa da<br />
mSrali wminda kulturuli safuarebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb,<br />
imisaTvis, rom miRebuli monacemebi ganzogaddes da gamoyenebul<br />
iqnes asortimentis gazrdisa da xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad.<br />
egzogenuri fermentuli preparatebis Setana durdosa<br />
da dauwmendel tkbilSi iwvevs rTul gardaqmnebs, romlebic<br />
arsebiTad cvlian Rvinomasalis Sedgenilobas. ZiriTadi<br />
praqtikuli mniSvneloba hidrolizur fermentebs aqvs,<br />
vinaidan isini hidrolizuri reaqciebis katalizatorebi<br />
arian da rTul nivTierebebs SedarebiT martiv nivTierebebad<br />
Slian.<br />
kvlevis obieqtad aRebulia mukuznis adgilwarmoSobis<br />
zonaSi moweuli saferavis jiSis yurZnisagan damzadebuli<br />
142
Rvinomasala. Rvinomasalebis misaRebad gamoyenebulia<br />
franguli (Sampanis enologiis instituti) italiuri<br />
(laforte), germanuli (dioleri) warmoebis peqtolitur,<br />
celulazuri aqtivobebisa da β -glikozidazuri gverdiTi<br />
aqtivobis mqone egzogenur fermentul preparatebi da<br />
Sesabamisad imave mwarmoeblis mSral wminda kurlturul<br />
safuarebi. kontrolad aRebulia veluri mikroorganizmebiT<br />
fermentirebuli Rvinomasala.<br />
klertgaclil da daWyletil yurZnis tkbils Sesabamis<br />
WaWasTan erTad aTavseben minis WurWelSi, sadac maceraciisaTvis<br />
sawyis etapze Seitanen fermentul preparatebs, 12<br />
saaTis Semdeg ki, zemoT aRniSnul safuarebs sakontrolo<br />
WurWlis garda yvela WurWelSi. egzogenuri fermentul<br />
preparatebs da safuarebs durdoSi Seitanen mwarmoeblis<br />
mier mowodebuli rekomendaciisa da laboratoriul pirobebSi<br />
miRebuli analizebis Sejerebis safuZvelze, rom daadginon<br />
preparatebis efeqturoba adgilobriv Rvinomasalebze.<br />
RvinoSi alkoholuri duRili mimdinareobda 25-28 0 Cze,<br />
WurWeli ixureba minis sacobiT. 4-jer dareva xdeboda<br />
yoveldRiurad dReSi, rac aucilebelia duRilis optimizaciisaTvis,<br />
alkoholuri duRili ZiriTadad mTavrdeba 6<br />
dReSi, germanuli egzogenuri fermentuli preparatis gamoyenebisas<br />
ki aqtiuri duRili mTavrdeba 4-5 dRis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
amis Semdeg Rvinos haerTan Seuxeblad toveben<br />
WaWaze damatebiTi maceraciisaTvis 4 dRe (fenoluri<br />
naerTebis maqsimalurad eqstraqciis mizniT, Sesabamisad,<br />
tkbilis WaWasTan kontaqtis vada 10 dRea).<br />
WaWasTan kontaqtis xangrZlivobis gazrdasTan erTad<br />
(10 dRe) gaizarda kanidan da wipwidan rogorc fenoluri<br />
naerTebis, ise sxva komponentebis eqstraqcia (cxrili 1).<br />
mza produqciis analizi meRvineobaSi miRebuli meTodikis<br />
mixedviT da a. laSxis warmodgenili meTodebis<br />
Tanaxmad.<br />
143
144<br />
cxrili 1<br />
sakontrolo da sakvlevi nimuSebis fizikur-qimiuri<br />
parametrebi<br />
sakvlevi Rvinoebi<br />
eTilis spirtis<br />
moc. %<br />
mqrolavi mJavebi<br />
g/l<br />
titruli mJavebi<br />
g/l<br />
dayvanili eqstraqti<br />
g/l<br />
1. sakontrolo 13,6 0,35 3,9 27,03 3,7 3,9 391<br />
2. franguli preparatebiT<br />
damuSavebuli Rvino<br />
13,9 0,4<br />
8<br />
5,5 30,1 3,5 4,5 435<br />
3. italiuri preparatebiT<br />
damuSavebuli Rvino<br />
14,1<br />
0,4<br />
5<br />
5,1 31,6 3,5 4,7 440<br />
4. germanuli preparatebiT<br />
damuSavebuli Rvino<br />
14,2 0,5 4,5 31 3,6 4,95 455<br />
rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli wiTeli jiSisagan maRali<br />
Rirebulebis produqciis misaRebad, aucilebelia igi<br />
gamoirCeodes mdgradi fenoluri naerTebis, maT Soris monomeruli<br />
anTocianebis SemcvelobiT. amitom saerTo fenolebis,<br />
anTocianebis Semcveloba gamokvleul iqna dinamikaSi.<br />
miRebuli monacemebiT avtorTa mier SemuSavebuli<br />
teqnologiuri sqemebis mixedviT saferavisagan damzadebuli<br />
sufris mSrali Rvinis nimuSebis ZiriTadi enoqimiuri<br />
maxasiaTeblebi am tipis RvinisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kondiciebis<br />
farglebSia (cxrili 1).<br />
wiTelyurZniani jiSisagan miRebuli RvinomasalisaTvis<br />
metad mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia Sefervis intensivobis<br />
maCvenebeli. sacdel nimuSebSi aRniSnuli maCvenebeli axali<br />
da maRalxarixsovani RvinisaTvis saukeTeso maCvenebelia.<br />
miRebul eqsperimentul masalebze dayrdnobiT rekomendebulia<br />
adgilobrivi wiTelyurZniani jiSisagan maralxarisxovani<br />
sufris mSrali Rvinis miRebis racionaluri teqno-<br />
pH<br />
saerTo fenolebi g/l<br />
anTocianebi g/l
logiuri sqemebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs italiuri warmoebis<br />
egzogenuri fermentuli preparatebis gamoyenebas. maTi<br />
gamoyenebiT miRebuli Rvinis fizikur-qimiuri maCveneblebi<br />
pasuxobs maRalxarisxovani Rvinomasalisadmi wayenebul<br />
moTxovnebs, rac gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamoixateba rogorc<br />
stabiluri polimeruli pigmentebis formaciiT da mkveTri<br />
SeferilobiT, ise organoleptikuri maCveneblebiTa da<br />
sadegustacio maxasiaTeblebiT.<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom germanuli (dioleris)<br />
warmoebis preparatebiT miiReba ufro meti simwklartisa da<br />
simwaris Rvino, rac auxeSebs miRebuli produqciis gemos.<br />
sakontrolo nimuSi marTalia Tavdapirvelad gamoir-<br />
Ceoda Tavisi jiSis TvisebebiT, magram man ufro male dakarga<br />
monomeruli anTocianebi.<br />
adgilobrivi warmoSobis wiTelyurZniani jiSis saferavisagan<br />
SemuSavebulia maRalxarisxovani sufris mSrali<br />
Rvinis miRebis teqnologiuri sqema. klertgaclili durdos<br />
daWyleta, sulfitacia, egzogenuri fermentuli preparatebisa<br />
da mSrali kulturuli safuarebis damateba, alkoholuri<br />
duRilis Catareba 25-28 0 C-ze, durdos dayovneba 10<br />
dRe, miRebuli Rvino-masalis gawebva, gafiltvra da Camosxma.<br />
Rvinomasala xasiaTdeba fenoluri da antocianebis<br />
maRali SemcvelobiT, dasaSvebi simwariTa da simwklartiT,<br />
rac maRalxarisxovani RvinisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
feroSenadnobTa warmoebis airgamwmendi sistemis<br />
srulyofa<br />
(mkvlevaTa jgufi: l. CxeiZe, a. mebonia, v. kldiaSvili,<br />
s. mebonia)<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba maRalxarisxovan foladebs<br />
Soris eniWeba manganumiT legirebul folads. manganumi<br />
zrdis ceveTamedegobas, koroziamedegobasa da simtkices. le-<br />
145
girebisas foladSi manganumi SehyavT ara sufTa, aramed<br />
feroSenadnobis saxiT.<br />
toqsikologiuri maxasiaTeblis mixedviT manganumi<br />
miekuTvneba saSiSroebis me-2 klass (saxstandarts 12.1.007-<br />
76 Sesabamisad). organizmze manganumis xangrZliv zemoqmedebas<br />
SeuZlia gamoiwvios mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi centralur<br />
nervul sistemaSi, xolo manganumis mtvris CasunTqva<br />
aris pnevmokoniozis gansakuTrebuli formis _ manganokoniozis<br />
gamomwvevi mizezi. unda aRiniSnos, rom manganumSemcveli<br />
mtvriT mowamvlis SemTxvevebi xdeboda maSin, rodesac<br />
misi koncentracia 3-10-jer aRemateboda zRvrul dasa-<br />
Sveb koncentracias (zdk).<br />
amJamad moqmedi normebis mixedviT haerSi manganumis<br />
zdk samuSao zonaSi aris 0,3 mg/m 3 , (saxstandart 12.1.005-<br />
76); manganumis koncentracia sasmel wyalSi aris 0,1 mg/dm 3<br />
(saxstandart 2874-73). liTonuri manganumis mtveri afeTqebasafrTxiania,<br />
saSiSi koncentraciis qveda zRvari aris 90<br />
g/m 3 . manganums SeuZlia gamoiwvios RviZlis daavadeba, rogorc<br />
izolirbulad zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi, ise qromTan da<br />
sxva elementebTan erToblivi moqmedebis dros.<br />
atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis Sefasebis Sedegad<br />
dadgenilia, rom feroSenadnobTa warmoebaSi mtvrisa da<br />
airebis gamoyofis, agreTve widebis warmoqmnis maqsimaluri<br />
raodenoba modis manganumis miRebis naxSirTermul da<br />
silikoTermul procesebze.<br />
qvemoT, cxrilebSi mocemulia gazomvebis Sedegebi,<br />
romlebic axasiaTeben ZiriTad feroSenadnobTa warmoebis<br />
dros airebisa da mtvris gamoyofas.<br />
teqnologiuri airis mtvrisagan gawmendis amocanis<br />
sirTule dakavSirebulia wvrildispersiuli mtvris<br />
SemcvelobasTan.<br />
146
147<br />
cxrili 1<br />
daxurul RumelSi feroSenadnobTa qimiuri Sedgeniloba<br />
masala<br />
CO CO2 H2 airi, %<br />
CH2 N2 O2 maralnaxSirbadiani<br />
feromanganumi<br />
71,0 19,7 1,9 5 2 0,4<br />
silikomanganumi 70-85 7-14 2-5 0,6-2,3 0,7-4,0 0,4-1,7<br />
gadasamuSavebeli<br />
wida<br />
75,5 7,3 3,4 12,1<br />
danarCeni<br />
2,1<br />
cxrili 2<br />
manganumTan feroSenadnobTa warmoebisas gamoyofili mtvris<br />
qimiuri Sedgeniloba<br />
masala<br />
SiO2 CaO<br />
Sedgeniloba, %<br />
MgO Al2O3 MnO<br />
maralnaxSirbadiani<br />
feromanganumi<br />
5-33 1,5-6,0 0,5-1,5 1,5-3,0 5-10<br />
silikomanganumi 30-50 0,1-3,0 1,2-3,0 2,3-3,5 10-25<br />
gadasamuSavebeli<br />
wida<br />
27<br />
4,0-<br />
10,0<br />
1,0-2,0 1,0-5,0<br />
gansazRvruli<br />
ar aris<br />
cxrili 3<br />
manganumTan feroSenadnobTa warmoebisas gamoyofili mtvris<br />
qimiuri Sedgeniloba<br />
masala<br />
mtvris nawilakebis zoma, mkm<br />
dispersiuli mtvris Semcveloba, %<br />
1 10-40 40<br />
maralnaxSirbadiani<br />
feromanganumi<br />
49 39 12<br />
silikomanganumi 23-54 28-30 16-49
feroSenadnobTa Rumelebisa da samsxmelo manqanebis<br />
mtvers aqvs gansakuTrebiT wvrili granulometruli Sedgeniloba<br />
(0,056 mm-ze naklebi zomis fraqcia Seadgens 88,4%s)<br />
misi kuTri zedapiri 1750-2150 m 2 /kg. 300-400 0 C-ze<br />
gaxurebis SemTxvevaSi imis gamo, rom mtveri Seicavs naxSirbadian<br />
komponentebs ( ≤ 10%), SesaZlebelia misi aaleba.<br />
garda manganumis, siliciumis, rkinis, manganumisa da<br />
kalciumis oqsidebisa, mtverSi Sedis agreTve TuTiis (1,2-<br />
3%), tyviisa (1-2,5%) da gogirdis (1,8-2,4%) SenaerTebi.<br />
maRalnaxSirbadiani feromanganumis gamodnobisas gamoyofili<br />
airebis faqtobrivi raodenoba Seadgens 600-65-<br />
m 3 /t, xolo silikomanganumis gamodnobisas _ 800-900 m 3 /t.<br />
am dros airebTan erTad gamosuli mtvris raodenoba aris 3-<br />
4 kg.<br />
aRniSnuli airebis gawmendisaTvis gamoiyeneba sveli da<br />
mSrali gawmendis meTodebi. airis sveli gawmendis meTodis<br />
upiratesoba isaa, rom Rumelidan gamoyofili airi wyalTan<br />
Sedis kontaqtSi da maSinve civdeba. magram Semdgom stadiebze<br />
aucilebelia wylis gawmenda myari nawilakebisagan,<br />
imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos sabruni ciklis<br />
muSaoba.<br />
es nakli ara aqvs airis mSrali gawmendis meTods,<br />
romelic iTvaliswinebs qsovilis filtris gamoyenebas da<br />
miuxedavad filtris siZvirisa, amJamad sakmaod gavrcelebulia<br />
warmoebaSi. mSrali gawmendis meTodi Zalian<br />
efeqturia da airis gawmendis xarisxi Seadgens 98-99,5%-s.<br />
avtorTa mier daproeqtebuli mSrali airgamwmendi<br />
mowyobilobis teqnikuri parametrebia:<br />
_ danadgaris mwarmoebloba _ 36000 m 3 /sT;<br />
_ airgamwmendi _ mSrali tipis;<br />
_ kvamlsasrutis tipi _ dn _ 125;<br />
_ eleqtroZrava _ 4A-2505-4-93; simZlavre _ 75 kvt,<br />
brunTa ricxvi _ 1500 br/wT.<br />
_ sakvamle mili _ liTonis, fuZisa da zeda diemetrebi<br />
Sesabamisad aris 820 da 630 mm, simaRle _ 20 m.<br />
148
_ gamomavali airis damtverianeba 1438 mg/m 3 .<br />
_ atmosferoSi gamosrolili airebis temperatura _<br />
70 0 C. airebis narCeni damtverianeba _ 30 mg/m 3 . aRniSnuli<br />
airgamwmendi mowyobiloba gankuTvnilia firma `meteqsis~ (q.<br />
rusTavi) feroSenadnobTa warmoebis eleqtrorkaluri<br />
RumlisaTvis. es Rumeli sameleqtrodiania, daxuruli tipisaa<br />
da misi wliuri mwarmoebloba aris 5000 t silikomanganumi<br />
weliwadSi.<br />
Rumelidan gamoyofili teqnologiuri airebis<br />
gamwmendi sistemis filtri dayenebulia Semwov haersatarze<br />
da is dakompleqtebulia Teqvsmeti seqciisagan, romlebic<br />
Seadgenen or bloks. yovel blokSi Sedis rva paralelurad<br />
SeerTe-buli seqcia. filtris blokebi muSaoben<br />
periodulad, monacvleobiT _ rodesac pirveli bloki aris<br />
gawmendaze, me-2 bloki regeneraciis reJimSia da piriqiT.<br />
filtris seqcia Sedgeba qsovilis TxuTmeti saxelisagan,<br />
romelTa saerTo safiltravi farTobi aris 15 m 2 .<br />
filtris sigane da simaRle seqciebis raodenobis miuxedavad<br />
ucvlelia. seqciebis raodenobis mixedviT icvleba mxolod<br />
filtris sigane.<br />
filtris saxelos qsovilad iyeneben matylis baikas:<br />
SesaZlebelia agreTve flanelis an misi Semcvleli bambeulis<br />
gamoyeneba. ukanasknel xans filtris saxelos amzadeben<br />
minis boWkovani qsovilisagan, romelic uZlebs maRal<br />
temperaturas.<br />
filtris regeneraciis meqanizmi sakmaod rTuli<br />
meqanikuri sistemaa, radgan igi Seicavs mraval urTierTqmed<br />
detals da xaxunis kvanZs.<br />
avtorTa mier SemoTavazebulia filtris regeneraciis<br />
eleqtromagnituri sistema, romelSic filtris saxeloebi<br />
damagrebulia sakidarze, romelTanac SeerTebulia eleqtromagnitis<br />
gulari. eleqtromagnitis koWa damagrebulia filtris<br />
korpusze. am meqanikuri sarqvelebis nacvlad gamwov<br />
da regeneraciis qselebis milgamtarebSi CamontaJebulia<br />
eleqtromagnituri Siberebi.<br />
149
egeneraciis eleqtromagnituri sistema uzrunvelyofs<br />
filtris avtomatur gadayvanas muSa reJimidan regeneraciis<br />
reJimSi, xolo filtris saxeloebis gasufTavebis Semdeg mas<br />
kvlav abrunebs muSa reJimSi. filtris blokebis muSa da<br />
regeneraciis reJimebis rigiToba da xangrZlivoba damokidebulia<br />
eleqtrmagnitis koWaze marTvis blokidan Semosuli<br />
impulsebis Tanmimdevrobasa da xangrZlivobaze.<br />
zemoT aRwerili sistema ar Seicavs rTul meqanizmebs<br />
da arc energia ikargeba xaxunze da detalebi naklebad<br />
cvdeba. is gamoirCeva didi swrafqmedebiT, rac damaxasia-<br />
Tebelia eleqtromagnituri sistemebisaTvis, saimedo da<br />
ekonomikuria. agreTve aRsaniSnavia airebis mtvrisagan gasuf-<br />
Tavebis maRali xarixsi _ airis damtverianeba am konkretul<br />
SemTxvevaSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs firma `meteqsisaTvis~<br />
daproeqtebuli filtri) mcirdeba 1438 mg/m 3 -dan _ 30 mg/m 3 -<br />
mde, rac TiTqmis 98%-s Seadgens.<br />
q.m.d. profesor levan nadareiSvili da t.m.d. profesor<br />
zviad kovziriZis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli<br />
kvlevebi<br />
minis boWkos da boWkovan-optikuri elementebis miRebis<br />
teqnologia da fizikur-qimiuri kvleva<br />
(mkvlevari T. nakaiZe)<br />
kacobrobis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze progresi<br />
masalaTmcodneobaSi ganapirobebs ekonomikis mowinave seqtoris<br />
zrdis tempebs, xolo revoluciuri gardaqmnebis stadiaSi<br />
myofi specifiuri masalebis miRebis teqnologiis<br />
ganviTareba mniSvnelovani parametria Tanamedrove msoflio<br />
ekonomikis formirebis saqmeSi. mina da minisagan warmoebuli<br />
masalebi SeiZleba mivakuTnoT im masalaTa ricxvs, romlebsac<br />
warmatebuli adgili uWiravs adamianis cxovrebaSi.<br />
150
warmateba ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia minis im unikaluri<br />
optikuri, qimiuri da fizikur-teqnologiuri TvisebebiT,<br />
romlebic mkveTrad ganasxvaveben minas yvela sxva cnobili<br />
masalisagan. am TvisebaTagan, upirveles yovlisa, sayurad-<br />
Reboa optikuri Tvisebebi.<br />
perspeqtiulia saqarTveloSi araoptikuri bazaltis<br />
minis boWkosa da bazaltboWkovani masalebis warmoebac,<br />
vinaidan saqarTveloSi uxvad moipoveba am warmoebisaTvis<br />
saWiro unikaluri qimiuri Sedgenilobis iafi bunebrivi nedleuli<br />
_ vulkanuri warmoSobis mTis qani bazalti.<br />
minis boWkos dRevandel etapze boWkos dayalibeba<br />
mimdinareobs yalibi-mowyobilobebis saSualebiT, romlebic<br />
Seicaven deficitur, ZviradRirebul platina-rodiumis Senadnobs,<br />
razedac aTeulobiT kilogrami Zvirfasi liTonebi<br />
ixarjeba. amitom mravali qveynis teqnologiur laboratoriebSi<br />
da minis boWkos sawarmoebSi mimdinareobs<br />
kvleviT-saZiebo samuSaoebi, raTa Seiqmnas erTi mxriv, minis<br />
boWkos miRebis axali teqnologia, romlis warmoebaSi<br />
gamoyenebisas miiRweva maRali teqnikur-ekonomikuri efeqti,<br />
xolo meore mxriv, Seiqmnas minis boWkos dasayalibebeli<br />
axali konstruqciis mowyobilobebi, sadac mTliand an<br />
nawilobriv mainc, gamoiricxeba deficituri, Zvirfasi<br />
masalebi dargSi arsebuli es problemebi jerjerobiT<br />
gadawyvetili ar aris.<br />
minis boWkosa da mikrooptikuri elementebis warmoebisadmi<br />
wayenebulma xistma moTxovnebma dRis wesrigSi daayenes<br />
amocanaTa mTeli kompleqsis gadawyvetis aucilebloba,<br />
dawyebuli minaboWkovani masalebis da mikrooptikuri elementebis<br />
miRebis teqnologiis SemuSavebidan da amisaTvis<br />
saWiro myari masalis miRebidan, romelic minis gamdnari<br />
masiT ar sveldeba da damTavrebuli minaboWkovani gradanebis<br />
miRebis teqnologiis SemuSaveba-kvleviT, agreTve minakristaluri<br />
kompoziciuri masalebis SemuSaveba-SeqmniT da<br />
teqnikur keramikaSi maTi gamoyenebis warmatebuli gzebis<br />
Zieba-kvleviT. amitom koroziamdegi, qimiurad mdgradi,<br />
151
temperaturagamZle, Tbo-eleqtrogamtari, meqanikurad mtkice<br />
masalis miReba, romelic minis gamdnari masiT ar sveldeba<br />
da am masalis bazaze teqnikur-ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT<br />
maRali parametrebis mqone minaboWkovani gradanebis misaRebi<br />
yalibi-mowyobilobis SemuSaveba-Seqmna, agreTve axali tipis<br />
minakristaluri kompoziciuri nivTierebebis miReba da maTi<br />
teqnikur keramikaSi gamoyenebis warmatebuli gzebis Zieba,<br />
warmogvidgeba, rogorc minis da minis bazaze miRebuli<br />
masalebis warmoebis aqtualuri da erT-erTi perspeqtiuli<br />
mimarTuleba, romelTa praqtikuli moxmareba realurad<br />
gazrdis miRebuli masalebis konkurentunarianobas da<br />
arsebiTad gaafarToebs maTi teqnikaSi gamoyenebis sferos.<br />
1. pirveladaa mikvleuli da gamocdili myari, meqanikurad<br />
mtkice masala, romelic minis gamdnari masiT ar sveldeba<br />
da SesaZlebelia misi gamoyeneba minis da minaboWkovani<br />
nakeTobebis teqnologiaSi.<br />
2. pirveladaa Seqmnili da laboratoriul pirobebSi gamocdili<br />
minis (bazaltis) boWkos dasayalibebeli mowyobilobis<br />
laboratoriuli muSa maketi, romelic ar Seicavs<br />
Zvirfas liTonebs da minis gamdnari masiT ar sveldeba;<br />
3. Seqmnilia axali konkurenciis, viwro aperturis minaboWkovani<br />
elementebi, SemuSavebulia miRebis teqnologia da<br />
naCvenebia maTi praqtikuli gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi;<br />
4. mokvleulia, rom saqarTvelos adgilmdebareobis ZarRvis<br />
kvarci da mTis broli warmatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT<br />
optikuri kavSiris boWkovan-optikuri sistemebisaTvis<br />
saWiro makro da mikrooptikuri elementebis miRebis<br />
teqnologiaSi. am azrs amyarebs isic, rom aRniSnuli<br />
bunebrivi nedleuli saqarTveloSi mopovebuli oqros<br />
Tamdevi wiaRiseulia, rac sagrZnoblad amartivebs mopovebis<br />
process da amcirebs mopovebisaTvis saWiro<br />
finansur xarjebs;<br />
5. SemuSavebulia optikuri minebis Sedgenilobaze damokidebuli<br />
optikuri da fizikur-qimiuri Tvisebebis winaswargamiznuli<br />
wesiT marTvis teqnologia, rac iZleva iseTi<br />
152
uwyveti minis optikuri boWkoebis dayalibebis SesaZleblobas,<br />
romelTa gardatexis maCvenebeli uwyvetad icvleba<br />
(izrdeba) boWkos radiusis gaswvriv periferiebidan<br />
centrisken.<br />
6. SemuSavebulia teqnikuri keramikis nakeTobebis meqanikuri<br />
simtkicis gazrdisaTvis saWiro minakristaluri kompoziciuri<br />
masalebisa da minaboWkovani sogmanebis miRebis<br />
teqnologia, romelic praqtikaSi pirvelad gamoiyeneba,<br />
rac mkveTrad gazrids teqnikuri keramikis nakeTobebis<br />
gamoyenebis sferos.<br />
naSromSi warmodgenili samuSaoebis aqtualuroba da<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis perspeqtiuloba miuTiTeben maTi praqtikuli<br />
gamoyenebis farTo speqtrze.<br />
myari, meqanikurad mtkice, temperaturagamZle, qimiurad<br />
da Termulad mdgradi masalis, _ romeloic minis gamdnari<br />
masiT ar sveldeba, _ minis da minis nakeTobaTa miRebis<br />
teqnologiaSi gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia damzaddes yalibimowyobilobebi,<br />
romelTa kedlebis `muSa~ zedapirebi minis<br />
nakeTobebs da miRebuli nakeTobebis (maT Soris, makro da<br />
mikrooptikuri linzebis da prizmebis) Ziri, gverdebi da<br />
zedapiri iqneba moprialebuli da maT aRar dasWirdeba<br />
Semdgomi meqanikuri damuSaveba (moxexva, moprialeba).<br />
SemoTavazebuli konstruqciis minis (bazaltis) boWkos<br />
dasayalibebeli mowyobilobis praqtikuli gamoyenebiT, arsebulTan<br />
SedarebiT, mkveTrad Semcirdeba mowyobilobis<br />
damzadebis da misi teqnologiuri momsaxurebis finansuri<br />
xarjebi, gaizrdeba mowyobilobis koroziamedegobis xarisxi,<br />
rac mkveTrad gazrdis mowyobilobis Seuferxebeli, uwyveti<br />
muSaobis normatiul vadebs da margi qmedebis koeficients.<br />
153
foladis zedapiris danafarebis Sedgenilobis gavlena<br />
lazeris sxivis STanTqmaze<br />
(mecnier mkvlevarTa jgufi: a. gordeziani, n. kenWiaSvili,<br />
s. yuraSvili, g. gordeziani)<br />
liTonuri masalebis 10,6 mkm sigrZis talRis uwyveti<br />
moqmedebis lazeriT dasxivebisas, misi areklvis koeficienti<br />
sakmaod maRalia. Tu gamosxivebis intensiuroba Zalian didia,<br />
maSin liTonis polirebul zedapirze sxivis zemoqmedebisas,<br />
sul raRac erTeuli an aTeuli wamis rigis mokle droSi<br />
xdeba arekvlis koeficientis cvlileba, ganpirobebuli<br />
rogorc temperaturuli faqtoriT, ise oqsidis fenis<br />
zrdiT.<br />
uwyveti moqmedebis ЛГН-702 tipis lazeris danadgari<br />
gamoasxivebs 10,6 mkm sigrZis talRis sxivs, romelic<br />
speqtris (Sori infrawiTeli) infrawiTel areSi mdebareobs.<br />
gamosxivebis am areSi liTonuri masalis areklvisunarianoba<br />
80-90%-is tolia, amitom lazeris sxiviT Termuli<br />
damuSavebis procesis efeqturad warmoebisTvis aucilebelia<br />
dasamuSavebeli zedapiris dafarva maRali STanTqmis unaris<br />
mqone masaliT.<br />
zogi detali, Tavisi rTuli konfiguraciis gamo,<br />
moiTxovs lazeris sxivis gansazRvruli kuTxiT moxvedras,<br />
amitom danafarebi STanTqmisunarianobis gazrdisaTvis unda<br />
uzrunvelyofdes lazeriT wrTobas perpendikularuli<br />
dasxivebisagan gadaxrebiT. danafarebs, garda kargi<br />
STanTqmisunarianobisa, unda axasiaTebdes maRali temperaturis<br />
mimarT gamZleoba da maRali Tbogamtaroba. danafarebisTvis<br />
gamoyenebuli masalebi unda iyos: iafi, ekonomikuri,<br />
dafarvis procesi teqnologiuri da naklebad Sromatevadi.<br />
amJamad, liTonebis mier lazeris sxivis STanTqmis<br />
unaris asamaRlebeli <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> dafarva gamoiyeneba:<br />
dafarva Fe2S3 da Al2O3-iT xdeba Sesabamisad sulfidirebisa<br />
da anodirebis procesSi, romelTa drosac<br />
154
liTonebisSTanTqmis unari 75%-mde izrdeba; Tumca lazeruli<br />
dasxivebis simZlavresa da droze damokidebulebiT aseTi<br />
dafarva STanTqmis unaris arastabilurobiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
magniumisa Mn3(PO4)2 da TuTiis Zn3(PO4)2 monofosfatebiT<br />
dafarva gansxvavdeba dafarvis mcire danakargebiT,<br />
miiReba dafaruli fenis erTgvarovani sisqe, STanTqmis unari<br />
95%-mde izrdeba.<br />
dafarva grafitis koloiduri xsnariT metad xSirad<br />
gamoiyeneba misi dasamuSavebeli masalis zedapirze dasxmis<br />
meTodis siadvilis gamo.<br />
mkvlevarTa mier ganmtkicebis unaris gansazRvrisa da<br />
zedapiruli ganmtkicebis optimaluri reJimebis dasadgenad<br />
У7, У10, ШХ15, markis foladebisgan da СЧ20 markis ruxi<br />
Tujisagan, romlebic gamoiyeneba CarxmSeneblobaSi, damzadda<br />
10X50X100 mm zomis brtyeli nimuSebi. nimuSebi gaxexili<br />
iyo 2 , 1 klasis sisufTaviT. mzaddeboda TiToeuli markis<br />
foladis eqvs-eqvsi cali nimuSi. nimuSebis zomebi<br />
saSualebas iZleoda ramdenjerme (8-10-jer) gaetarebinaT<br />
<strong>sxvadasxva</strong> parametriani fokusirebuli lazeris sxivi.<br />
garda zemoT miTiTebuli dafarvisa, aseve mosinjuli<br />
iyo Semdegi narevebi: 30% sulfiduri Txle (SO3) da 70%<br />
grafitis fxvnili; 30% sulfidis Txle (SO3) da 70%<br />
aluminis orJangi, aseve narevi grafitis fxvnilze Txevadi<br />
minis damatebiT.<br />
nimuSebi ganmtkicebuli iyo lazeris sxiviT,<br />
damuSavebis <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> siCqariT da fokusirebuli sxivis<br />
erTi da imave mudmivi simZlavris simkvriviT, romlis Semdeg<br />
ganisazRvra ganmtkicebuli Sris siRrme da ganmtkicebuli<br />
zedapiris xarisxi.<br />
nimuSis sisale izomeboda ПМТ-3 tipis mikrosisalis<br />
sazomiT.<br />
grafitisa da Txevadi minis nareviT dafarva<br />
araTanabari fenis miRebis gamo aRmoCnda araefeqturi. garda<br />
amisa, lazeris sxiviT dasxivebis Sedegad, gaxurebis<br />
155
procesSi gamoiyofoda buStulebi da narevi gaeSxefeboda,<br />
ris gamoc zedapiruli Sre uxarisxo iyo. amitom, es meTodi<br />
Semdgom aRar gamoiyenes.<br />
sulfiduri Txlis nareviT dafaruli nimuSebis<br />
lazeris sxiviT erTnair pirobebSi damuSavebisas, zolebis<br />
calkeul adgilebSi miiReboda arastabiluri ganmtkicebuli<br />
Sris sisqe da igi meryeobda 0.29-0.39 mm sazRvrebSi, rac<br />
aixsneboda danafaris araTanabari sisqis miRebiT.<br />
ШХ15 foladisagan damzadebul nimuSebze danafaris<br />
kvlevam aCvena, rom lazeris dasxivebis erTnairi reJimebis<br />
dros (V=200 fokusirebuli sxivis diametri d=1.8 mm)<br />
nimuSebis ganmtkicebuli Sris sisqe Seadgenda:<br />
_ TuTiis monofosfatiT dafarviT _ 0,40mm;<br />
_ magniumis monofosfatiT dafarviT _ 0,42mm;<br />
_ oqsidirebuli dafarviT _ 0,44mm;<br />
aseTive damokidebuleba SeiniSneboda У7 da У10<br />
foladebisagan damzadebul nimuSebze, romlebsac hqondaT<br />
ganmtkicebuli Sris sisqe:<br />
_ TuTiis monofosfatis dafarvis Semdeg _ 0.41mm;<br />
_ magniumis monofosfatiT dafarvis Semdeg _ 0.40mm;<br />
aRniSnuli damuSavebis da optimaluri reJimebis<br />
lazeris sxiviT wrTobis Semdeg miiReboda Semdegi<br />
sisaleebi: У7 foladisaTvis _ 920-950 Hμ ,<br />
foladebisaTvis _ 950-1030 Hμ , xolo СЧ20 ruxi<br />
TujisaTvis 960-1000 Hμ .<br />
_ <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> Sedgenilobis danafarebis mier lazeris<br />
sxivis STanTqmisunarianobis gansazRvris Sedegebi mocemulia<br />
1-el cxrilSi.<br />
156
У7 da У10 masalis foladebze danafarebis mier lazeris sxivis<br />
STanTqmisunarianobis gansazRvris Sedegebi ganmtkicebuli Sris<br />
parametrebze<br />
cxrili 1.<br />
#<br />
danafarebisaTvis<br />
gamoyenebuli masalebi<br />
wrTobis<br />
siRrme, mm<br />
157<br />
danafaris<br />
sisqe, mkm<br />
1 Al 2O 3 0,25-0,30 3-5 80<br />
2 Fe 2S 3 0,25-0,30 3-5 70<br />
3 Mn 3(PO 4) 2 0,38-0,42 1-2 90<br />
4 Zn 3(PO 4) 2 0,35-0,40 1-2 90<br />
5 C-grafitis koloiduri<br />
xsnari<br />
0,35-0,40 25-35 80<br />
6 sulfiduri Txle – 30%<br />
frafitis fxvnili – 70%<br />
0,29-0,40 0,40-0,60 60<br />
7 sulfiduri Txle – 30%<br />
aluminis orJangi – 70%<br />
0,30-0,38 0,40-0,60 65<br />
8 grafiti - 60%, Txevadi<br />
mina - 40%<br />
0,15-0,30 40-60 50<br />
9 oqsidireba 0,39-0,43 0,35-0,45 95<br />
STanTqmis-<br />
unarianoba<br />
%<br />
kvlevebiT dadginda, rom <strong>sxvadasxva</strong> reJimiT, magram<br />
TiToeuli markis foladisTvis optimaluri reJimebiT<br />
ganmtkicebisas, erTnair pirobebSi dasxivebisas <strong>sxvadasxva</strong><br />
dafarvis gamoyenebisas ganmtkicebuli Sris siRrmis zomebis<br />
mniSvnelobebi erTi da igive doneze rCeba, rogorc es<br />
mocemulia 1-el cxrilSi. aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba<br />
davaskvnaT, mkvlevarTa mier SerCeuli foladebis Sedgeniloba<br />
10,6 mkm talRis sigrZis lazeris sxiviT zemoqmedebisas<br />
danafarebis STanTqmisunarianobis cvlilebaze<br />
zegavlenas ar axdens. aRsaniSnavia, rom lazeruli wrTobis<br />
yvela SemTxvevaSi sakvlevi foladisagan damzadebul nimuSze<br />
oqsidirebiT da fosfatirebiT miRebuli dafarva yvela<br />
SerCeuli masalisaTvis amJRavnebda yvelaze efeqtur
STanTqmisunarianobas (90%), rac gamoixateboda ganmtkicebuli<br />
Sris maqsimaluri siRrmis miRebaSi.<br />
amrigad, avtorTa mier Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena,<br />
rom CO2-ze momuSave uwyveti gamosxivebis lazeris sxivis<br />
STanTqmisunarianobis 90%-mde gazrdisaTvis metad efeqturi<br />
gamodga oqsidebiT da fosfatebiT dafaruli foladis<br />
nimuSebis wrToba, romlis drosac miiReboda sakmaod maRali<br />
wrTobis siRrme da sisale, sxva nivTierebebiT da naerTebiT<br />
dafarul nimuSebTan SedarebiT.<br />
158
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
1. akad rafiel aglaZe (1991-1991) biobibliografia<br />
`mecniereba~, 1991.<br />
2. akad. rafiel aglaZe adamiani, mecnieri pedagogi, saq.<br />
mecn. akad. 2001.<br />
3. akad. iveri varlamis-Ze frangiSvilis cxovreba da<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia<br />
t.10. Tbilisi 1986.<br />
4. akad. kalistrate quTaTelaZe. samecniero moRvaweoba.<br />
sakinformkino 1999.<br />
5. akad. dimitri erisTavi (1903-1971) biobibliografia<br />
`menciereba~, 2003.<br />
6. akad. nikoloz landias cxovreba da moRavweoba.<br />
saiubileo gamocema, `mecniereba~ 2003.<br />
7. prf. biZina kandelaki. biobibliografia `mecniereba~<br />
2002.<br />
8. prof. `daviT sarajiSvilis dReebi~ noemberi, 2003 weli.<br />
9. saxelovani winaprebis samecniero moRvaweobis Rirseuli<br />
gamgrZeleblebi.<br />
10. stu-s samecniero-teqnikuri Jurnali hidroinJineria:<br />
2007 #3(3), 2007 #4(4), 2008 #1(5).<br />
11. prof. boris boqoliSvili (biografiuli cnobebi) 2005.<br />
12. spis Sromebi #60, Tbilisi 1965.<br />
13. t.m.d. prof. elguja quTelias samecniero cxovreba da<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba.<br />
14. q.m.k. asoc. prof. daviT gvencaZis cxovreba da samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba.<br />
15. `nanoforovani kompoziciis bazaze damzadebuli samuxruWe<br />
xundis zesadebis xaxunisa da cveTis TaviseburebaTa<br />
gamokvleva~ (mkvlevarTa jgufi: e. quTelia, d.<br />
gvencaZe, o. wurwumia, r. daTiaSvili, l. gvencaZe.<br />
16. stu-s Sromebi 2005 w.<br />
17. prof. Tamaz megrelaZis samecniero moRavweoba.<br />
159
18. T.i. megrelaZe, sakonditro namcxvris cxobis xangrZlivobis<br />
damokidebuleba procesze moqmed ZiriTad faqtorebze.<br />
saq. mecn. akad. Sromebi XI, 2004.<br />
19. stu-s Sromebi, 2005 w.<br />
20. Саруханашвили А.В. Многомарганцевые борямные и<br />
силикатние стекла. Тбилиси. ТГУ. 1989.<br />
21. Чеишвили Т.Ш. Кочиашвили Е.Т. Кемхадзе Е.Т. Вляние<br />
марганцосодержащего материала на своиства стекол и<br />
системах R2O( RO)<br />
− MnO − B2O3<br />
( SiO2<br />
) Керамика 2002,<br />
№21(5), с. 24-27.<br />
22. stu-s Sromebi. 2008, #2.<br />
23. v. gogolaZe, saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba. Tb. stu<br />
1989.<br />
24. a.n. nadiraZe, saSeni masalebi da nakeTobani. Tb. ganaTleba<br />
1989.<br />
25. a. laSxi yurZnis produqciaTa analizi. Tbilisi, gana-<br />
Tleba 1989.<br />
26. Зинковский М.М. Обеспиливание в черной металургии. М.<br />
Металургия, 1969.<br />
27. nakaiZe Tamari, avtoreferati, Tbilisi, stu, 2006.<br />
28. stu-s Sromebi #3, 2008.<br />
160
Sinaarisi<br />
1. Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------<br />
2. gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis akademikosis, saxelmwifo da p. meliqiSvilis<br />
sax. premiebis laureatis, teqnikis mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtoris, profesor rafiel ilias-Ze aglaZis samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba -----------------------------------------------------<br />
3. akad. iveri varlamis Ze frangiSvilis cxovreba da<br />
samecniero moRvaweoba ----------------------------------------------<br />
4. sasiqadulo mamuliSvilis gamorCeuli mecnierisa da<br />
pirovnebis _ dimitri erisTavis samecniero-pedagogiuri<br />
da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba -----------------------------------<br />
5. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenciis,<br />
teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor<br />
kalistrate severianis-Ze quTaTelaZis samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba -------------------------------------------------------------<br />
6. q.m.d. akad. nikoloz landias cxovreba da moRvaweoba ----<br />
7. Rvawlmosili qarTveli mecnieris, saqarTveloSi<br />
koloiduri qimiis fuZemdeblis, saqarTvelos teqnikur<br />
universitetSi fizikuri qimiis swavlebis organizatoris,<br />
q.m.d. prof. biZina kandelakis samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba -------------------------------------------------------------<br />
8. daviT sarajiSvili _ sasiqadulo mamuliSvili, cnobili<br />
mrewveli da sazogado moRvawe, didi mecenati, Tbilisis<br />
sapatio moqalaqe, ruseTis imperiis umaRlesi wodebis _<br />
`komerciis mrCevelis~_mflobeli, qimiisa da filosofiis<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtori -------------------------------------<br />
9. saxelovani winaprebis samecniero moRvaweobis Rirseuli<br />
gamgrZeleblebi -------------------------------------------------------<br />
10. teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, sainJinro<br />
akademiis namdvili wevris levan klimiaSvilis cxovreba<br />
da samecniero-pedagogiuri moRvaweoba -------------------------<br />
11. teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, 2003-2008<br />
ww., ruseTis sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
161
namdvili wevris b.i. boqoliSvilis cxovreba da<br />
moRvaweoba -------------------------------------------------------------<br />
12. `ПОВЙШЕНИЕ ТЕКУЧЕСТИ СТРУЖЕСТВО-КЛЕВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ<br />
ЗА СЧЕТ ДОБАВКИ СУЛЬФИТНО-СПИРТОВОЙ БАРРЫ~<br />
(Б.И. БОКОЛИШВИЛИ) ---------------------------------------------------<br />
13. t.m.d. prof. elguja quTelias samecniero moRvaweoba ----<br />
14. q.m.k. asoc. prof. daviT gvencaZis cxovreba da samecniero<br />
moRvaweba ---------------------------------------------------------------<br />
15. `nanoforovani kompoziciis bazaze damzadebuli samuxruWe<br />
xundis zesadebis xaxunisa da cveTis TaviseburebaTa<br />
gamokvleva~ (mkvlevarTa jgufi: e. quTelia, d.<br />
gvencaZe, o. wurwumia, r. daTiaSvili, l. gvencaZe ---------<br />
16. t.m.d. prof. nugzar wereTlis cxovreba da samecnieropedagogiuri<br />
moRvaweoba --------------------------------------------<br />
17. t.m. doqtori, prof. Tamaz megreliZis samecniero moRvaweoba<br />
---------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
18. soiis fqvilis gamoyeneba puris cxobisas (mecnier<br />
mkvlevarebi: akad. g. cincaZe, prof. T. megreliZe ----------<br />
19. prof. T. xoStarias cxovreba da samecniero<br />
moRvaweoba ------------------------------------------------------------<br />
20. q.m.d. prof. T. xoStarias xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli<br />
samecniero kvlevebi. izoTermuli pirolokumarinebis<br />
sinTezi da farmakologiuri kvleva. mkvlevarTa jgufi:<br />
T. xoStaria, l. boWoiZe, v. ananiaSvili, n. mirziaSvili,<br />
n. bolqvaZe -------------------------------------------------------------<br />
21. q.m.d. T. WeiSvilis samecniero moRvaweoba --------------------<br />
22. manganumis (II) oqsidis Semcvel minis kazmSi mimdinare<br />
dabaltemperaturuli procesebis Tavisebureba. (mecniermkvlevarTa<br />
jgufi e. qoCiaSvili. T. WeiSvili) -------------<br />
23. rkinis, kobltisa da nikelis oqsidebis Semcveli<br />
manganumboratuli minebis aRnagobis Sefaseba (mecniermkvlevarTa:<br />
jgufi e. qemxaZe. T, WiSvili) --------------------<br />
24. fosforis gavlena sferulgrafitiani Tujis Txeldenadobasa<br />
da Cajdomaze (mkvlevarTa jgufi: n. enuqiZe, g.<br />
mumlaZe) ----------------------------------------------------------------<br />
162
25. naxevrad xisti (kompoziciuri) sagzao fenilebi Zveli<br />
asfaltbetonis gamoyenebiT (mkvlevarTa jgufi: a. burdulaZe,<br />
p. nadiraSvili, T. meqaniSvili, m. maRraZe) -----------<br />
26. q.m.k. daviT gamezardaSvilis samecniero naSromi:<br />
`taribanis sasaqonlo navTobis, misi distilatebis<br />
narCenis da gamoyofili parafinebis gardaqmniT<br />
produqtebis fizikur-qimiur TvisebaTa gamokvleva~ -------<br />
27. saferavis jiSis yurZnisagan maRalxarisxovani Rvinis<br />
damzadebis racionaluri teqnologia (mkvlevarTa: jgufi:<br />
g. daTukiSvili, m. xomasuriZe, e. kalatoziSvili, l.<br />
mujiri) -----------------------------------------------------------------<br />
28. feroSenadnobTa warmoebis airgamwmendi sistemis srulyofa<br />
(mkvlevaTa jgufi: l. CxeiZe, a. mebonia, v. kldia-<br />
Svili, s. mebonia) ----------------------------------------------------<br />
29. q.m.d. profesor levan nadareiSvili da t.m.d. zviad kovziriZis<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli kvleva. minis boWkos<br />
da boWkovan-optikuri elementebis miRebis teqnologia<br />
da fizikur-qimiuri kvleva (mkvlevari T. nakaiZe) ----<br />
30. foladis zedapiris danafarebis Sedgenilobis gavlena<br />
lazeris sxivis STanTqmaze (mkvlevarTa jgufi: a. gordeziani,<br />
n. kenWiaSvili, s. yuraSvili, g. gordeziani) -------<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura ---------------------------------------------<br />
163
ibeWdeba avtorTa mier warmodgenili saxiT<br />
gadaeca warmoebas 26.03.2009. xelmowerilia dasabeWdad<br />
08.04.2009. qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16. pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 8.<br />
tiraJi 100 egz.<br />
sagamomcemlo saxli `teqnikuri universiteti~, Tbilisi,<br />
kostavas 77<br />
i.m. `uCa lomTaTiZe - momavlidan~.<br />
q. Tbilisi, 26 maisis moedani 1
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