kompasi
kompasi
kompasi
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<strong>kompasi</strong><br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiTY<br />
avtorebi:<br />
patricia branderi barbara oliveira<br />
rui gomesi iana ondraCkova<br />
eli kini alesio suriani<br />
mari-lor lemineri aliona suslova<br />
mxatvari<br />
panCo<br />
redaqtorebi:<br />
patricia branderi<br />
elli kini<br />
mari-lor lemineri<br />
proeqtis koordinireba da saboloo redaqtireba: rui gomesi<br />
proeqtis asistenti: natalia miklaSi<br />
sarekomendacio jgufis Semadgenloba, romlis xelmZRvanelobiTa<br />
da mxardaWeriT momzadda saxelmZRvanelo:<br />
doqtor eli abuauni luiza nilini<br />
anatoli azarovi barbara oliveira<br />
patricia branderi iunis smiti<br />
elli kini alesio suriani<br />
korina mixaela leka aliona suslova<br />
mari-lor lemineri vim telmani<br />
brijit mulie andrei iurovi
inglisuri gamocema:<br />
“COMPASS – A manual on human rights education with young people”<br />
ISBN 92-871-4880-5<br />
franguli gamocema:<br />
“RepÉres – Manuel pour la pratique de l’Öducation aux droits de l’homme avec les jeunes”<br />
ISBN 92- 871-4595-3<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi gadmocemul Sexedulebebze pasuxismgeblobas avtorebi kisruloben;<br />
araa aucilebeli es Sexedulebebi aucileblad gamoxatavdnen evropis sabWos azrs.<br />
gamocemis saavtoro uflebebi ekuTvnis evropis sabWos. komerciuli mizniT mTliani<br />
wignis an misi nawilis gadabeWdva da gavrceleba nebismieri formiTa da nebismieri<br />
saSualebiT, eleqtronuli (CD-ROM, interneti da a.S.) an meqanikuri, fotokopirebis<br />
CaTvliT, informaciis romelime matarebelze Cawera an realizeba, akrZalulia evropis<br />
sabWos publikaciebis ganyofilebis (publishing@coe.int) da komunikaciebisa da kvlevis<br />
sakiTxTa direqtoratis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe (werilobiTi mimarTvis asli unda<br />
gaigzavnos evropis axalgazrdul centrSi Semdeg misamarTze: 1-3Zivatar utca, H-1024<br />
Budapest, Hungary; eleqtronuli fostis misamarTi: eycb.secretariat@coe.int).<br />
mocemuli publikaciidan masalis realizeba arakomerciuli mizniT dasaSvebia mxolod<br />
citatis wyaros Sesabamisi citirebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
panCos karikaturebis gansakuTrebuli saavtoro uflebebi ekuTvnis TviT mxatvars.<br />
mimarTva naxatebis realizebis uflebisaTvis unda gaegzavnos piradad mxatvars, Tuki<br />
aseTi realizeba uSualod ar aris dakavSirebuli saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli<br />
savarjiSos SesrulebasTan.<br />
originalTan qarTuli teqstis identurobaze pasuxismgebloba mTlianad ekisreba<br />
“adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis centrs”.<br />
qarTuli gamocemis redaqtori: giorgi kenWoSvili<br />
qarTuli gamocebis samecniero redaqtori: givi miqanaZe<br />
dizaini: “adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis centri”<br />
mTargmnelebi:maka wulukiZe, tata pataraia<br />
naxatebi: ÜpanCo<br />
fotoebi: gv. 297 ÜMTI (nelson mandela)<br />
gv. 297 ÜDevid King Kollection (evgenia ginzburgi)<br />
gv. 298 ÜMTI (martin luTer king)<br />
gv. 298 ÜMTI (mahatma gandi)<br />
gv. 299 ÜGamma Press (aun san su CJi)<br />
gv. 299 ÜTibet Information Network (ngavang sangdroli)<br />
Council of Europe Publishing<br />
F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex<br />
ISBN 99928-0-940-x<br />
©2003 Human Rights Education Centre (HREC) on Georgian translation,<br />
©2001 Council of Europe on publication in English and Franch together with the following<br />
acknowledgement.<br />
This translation of Compass – a manual on human rights education with young people, is publishing by<br />
arrangement with the Council of Europe.<br />
©Counsil of Europe, agvisto 2004 weli.<br />
dabeWdilia saqarTveloSi
sarCevi<br />
madloba ........................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
winasityvaoba ............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
Sesavali .......................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
vi 1 – ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da <strong>kompasi</strong>, mokle megzuri praqtikosTaTvis<br />
................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTlebis arsi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi .............................................................................................................<br />
ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi? ...................................................................................................<br />
ganaTlebis Sedegebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ...........................................................................................................<br />
codna, unar-Cvevebi da urTierTobebi .......................................................................................................................................<br />
yovlismomcveli midgoma ...................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba axalgazrdebis monawileobiT ......................................................................................<br />
formaluri da araformaluri saganmanaTleblo garemo ..............................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, rogorc moqmedebis pirveli nabiji ...............................................<br />
ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso mxardaWera adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ....................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebebis swavleba da ganaTlebis sxva sferoebi ..........................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samyaro ............................................................................................................................................................<br />
ras niSnavs „adamianis uflebaTa problema?“ ......................................................................................................................<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi gaSuqebuli sakiTxebi ................................................................................................................................<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTleba ..........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
individualuri da socialuri ganaTleba ..............................................................................................................................<br />
globaluri ganaTleba ........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba .........................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganviTarebis problemebis swavleba ............................................................................................................................................<br />
ekologiuri ganaTleba .......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba mSvidobis kulturis sferoSi ..............................................................................................................................<br />
samarTlebrivi ganaTleba ..................................................................................................................................................................<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s gamoyeneba evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ...............................................................................................<br />
ra aris evropa da sad mdebareobs igi? .................................................................................................................................<br />
wigni evropisaTvis? .............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
evropuli ocneba ....................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
axalgazrduli warmomadgenloba da misi muSaoba ............................................................................................................<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ............................................................................................................................................................<br />
wignis momzadebis procesi ..............................................................................................................................................................<br />
saxelmZRvaneloTi sargebloba sxvadasxva enebze da sxvadasxva qveynebSi ........................................................<br />
rogor visargebloT <strong>kompasi</strong>T ...........................................................................................................................................<br />
rogor visargebloT saxelmZRvaneloTi ..................................................................................................................................<br />
swavlebis meTodebi ..............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Seswavlisas wamoWrili SekiTxvebi ..............................................................................................<br />
rCevebi maTTvis, vinc sargeblobs saxelmZRvaneloTi ....................................................................................................<br />
rCevebi pedagogebisaTvis ...................................................................................................................................................................<br />
muSaobis jgufuri procesi .....................................................................................................................................................<br />
jgufuri muSaobis meTodebi ....................................................................................................................................................<br />
zogadi rCevebi savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad ...........................................................................................................<br />
roca mecadineoba moulodnel xasiaTs iRebs ..............................................................................................................<br />
jgufSi arsebuli konfliqtebis marTva ..........................................................................................................................<br />
efeqturi saswavlo jgufebis Camoyalibebis meTodebi da xerxebi ................................................................<br />
diskusiis warmarTvis Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi da xerxebi .................................................................<br />
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi da xerxebi ..............................<br />
analitikuri TamaSebi ...................................................................................................................................................................<br />
5<br />
9<br />
10<br />
11<br />
19<br />
21<br />
21<br />
22<br />
23<br />
24<br />
25<br />
26<br />
27<br />
28<br />
31<br />
31<br />
31<br />
32<br />
34<br />
34<br />
35<br />
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37<br />
37<br />
38<br />
39<br />
39<br />
41<br />
42<br />
43<br />
44<br />
45<br />
46<br />
48<br />
48<br />
49<br />
57<br />
59<br />
62<br />
63<br />
63<br />
68<br />
69<br />
71<br />
72<br />
76<br />
77
Tavi 2 _ 49 praqtikuli savarjiSo da meTodika adamianis uflebaTa Sesaswavlad<br />
................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
savarjiSoebis nusxa ...............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
airCie ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ambavi ori qalaqis Sesaxeb ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
aSikis istoria ..........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
bavSvTa uflebebi ......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
baRi erT RameSi ........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
`bingos~ uflebebi! ..................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
brZola simdidirisa da ZalauflebisaTvis .............................................................................................................................<br />
gadadgi nabiji win ..................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba yvelasaTvis? ........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
gansxvavebuli xelfasebi .....................................................................................................................................................................<br />
gvaqvs raime alternativa? .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
globalizaciis terminologiuri leqsikoni .........................................................................................................................<br />
gmirebi ............................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
`dae yvelas azri iyos mosmenili!~ ..............................................................................................................................................<br />
davinaxoT sakuTari SesaZleblobebi ...........................................................................................................................................<br />
dasuraTebuli TamaSebi ........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
1. ras xedavT? ......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
2. ras xedavT panCos naxatebSi? ...............................................................................................................................................<br />
3. suraTis nawilebi .........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
4. minawerebi fotosuraTebze .....................................................................................................................................................<br />
5. personaJTa replikebi .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
vin varT me? ................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
eleqtrosadguri ......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
enobrivi barieri ......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
erTi wuTiT! ................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
visaubroT seqsze! ....................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
TamaSi `daxate sityva~ ........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
Tanasworobis qveynisaken mimavali gza .......................................................................................................................................<br />
iTamaSe! ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
inscenireba ...................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
internetis zegavlena ...........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
kavSirebis damyareba ...............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
maka – veSapebze monadire ...................................................................................................................................................................<br />
mivceT Tu ara xma? ................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
pirveli gverdi .........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
profkavSirebis Sexvedrebi ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
rasizmis mogerieba ..................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe .......................................................................................................................................................<br />
sad dgaxarT? ..............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
samsaxuri da bavSvebi ............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
saSinao saqmeebi .........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
saxarjo fuli ...........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
siRaribis horoskopi .............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
sicocxlis qseli ..................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
sporti yvelasaTvis ...............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
uflebebisaTvis mebrZolebi ..............................................................................................................................................................<br />
frTxilad, Cven yvelafers vxedavT! ...........................................................................................................................................<br />
`yvela Tanaswori – yvela gansxvavebuli~ .............................................................................................................................<br />
6<br />
85<br />
86<br />
87<br />
90<br />
102<br />
107<br />
112<br />
117<br />
120<br />
126<br />
132<br />
138<br />
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230<br />
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243<br />
249<br />
256<br />
261<br />
265<br />
269<br />
276<br />
282<br />
288<br />
292<br />
296<br />
302<br />
306
SeiZleba Semovide? ................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
Cveni momavlis variantebi .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
cxovreba srulyofil samyaroSi ..................................................................................................................................................<br />
Zaladoba Cems cxovrebaSi ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
wamlebis xelmisawvdomoba ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa kalendari ......................................................................................................................................................<br />
vi 3 _ moqmedebaze gadasvla ........................................................................................................................................<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla .........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
aqtivobis aucilebloba .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
zogierTi martivi nabiji aqtivobisaken ............................................................................................................................<br />
gaarkvie; miyevi movlenebs kvaldakval ..........................................................................................................................<br />
gaxade movlenebi sajaro .......................................................................................................................................................<br />
gaaerTiane Zalebi sxva organizaciasTan ......................................................................................................................<br />
Sedegebis miReba! ..........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
moqmedebis gegmis Sedgena .............................................................................................................................................................<br />
sad dgaxarT? .................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
raSi mdgomareobs mizani? ......................................................................................................................................................<br />
rogor mivaRwioT mizans? .....................................................................................................................................................<br />
vi 4 _ damatebiTi informacia adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ..........................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTaAarsi .............................................................................................................................................................<br />
istoriuli mimoxilva ....................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebebi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi ......................................................................................................<br />
rogor visargebloT Cveni uflebebiT? ................................................................................................................................<br />
dilebebi da adamianis uflebebis araswori gamoyeneba .............................................................................................<br />
kvlav gamocanebi .................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evolucia ...................................................................................................................................................<br />
ra uflebas vflobT? ......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi dacva ........................................................................................................................<br />
ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi ....................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis uzrunvelyofa ........................................................................................................................<br />
aris es sakmarisi? .............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
aqtiuroba da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli ...............................................................................................<br />
warmatebul aqciaTa magaliTebi ...............................................................................................................................................<br />
kiTxvebi da pasuxebi ..........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
CamWreli SekiTxvebi .........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
vi 5 _ damatebiTi informacia sazogado Temebis Sesaxeb ..................................................<br />
bavSvebi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba ...................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
garemo pirobebi ...................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba ...............................................................................................................................................................<br />
globalizacia .......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
demokratia ...............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia ....................................................................................................................................................<br />
media ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
moqalaqeoba .............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba ....................................................................................................................................................................<br />
7<br />
310<br />
317<br />
321<br />
328<br />
331<br />
338<br />
343<br />
345<br />
345<br />
346<br />
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421<br />
426<br />
431<br />
436<br />
442<br />
460<br />
466<br />
471
pirovnebis usafrTxoeba .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
siRaribe .......................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
socialuri uflebebi .......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
sporti ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
janmrTeloba .............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
SeniSvnebi ................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
danarTi _ adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso aqtebi da Sefasebis anketa.......<br />
qveynebi, romlebmac moaxdines adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />
ratifikacia .............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (reziume) ..............................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia .....................................................................................................................<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb ................................................................<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb ................................<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (reziume) ...................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia (reziume) ............................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia, #11 oqmiT Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi da damatebebi ..............................................................................................................................................................<br />
evropis socialuri qartia (reziume) ...................................................................................................................................<br />
erovnuli umcirosobebis dacvis CarCo konvencia (reziume) ..................................................................................<br />
regionaluri enebis an enobriv umciresobaTa evropis qartia ..............................................................................<br />
anketa Sefasebisa da gamoxmaurebisaTvis ..................................................................................................................................<br />
8<br />
478<br />
484<br />
489<br />
495<br />
502<br />
508<br />
511<br />
513<br />
514<br />
515<br />
518<br />
519<br />
520<br />
522<br />
523<br />
531<br />
533<br />
534<br />
537
madloba<br />
Cveni samadlobeli sityvebi ekuTvniT:<br />
- sakonsultacio jgufis wevrebs, avtorebisadmi mudmivi yuradRebis<br />
gamoCenisaTvis, daxmarebisa da mxardaWerisaTvis;<br />
- sandus al-hasanis, henrike aisfelds, dariuS grJemnis, dilvar huseins,<br />
doqtor monika madais, ivan ivanovs, iael ohanas, tavs kvists, dierdi<br />
totsa da arios vendrigs teqstis komentarebisa da saintereso<br />
winadadebebisaTvis;<br />
- eren Sokenbroks, evrosabWos adamianis uflebaTa generaluri<br />
direqtoratis warmomadgenels teqstis yuradRebiT gacnobisa da<br />
sasargeblo SeniSvnebisaTvis;<br />
- nadia bano gomess, tereza kunias, laura de vites, dipak g. naiks, evgeni<br />
gergas, erJebat kovaCs, nana saginaSvils da sxvebs, faseuli<br />
SeniSvnebisa da sasargeblo winadadebisaTvis;<br />
- adamianis uflebaTa, mSvidobis, demokratiisa da tolerantobis iuneskos<br />
ganyofilebas, mxardaWerisa da sasargeblo rCevebisaTvis;<br />
- axalgazrdul organizaciebs, erovnul axalgazrdul sabWoebs, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa da humanitaruli uflebebis fonds (libani), Carlz malikis<br />
fonds da sxva oraganizaciebs masalebis mowodebisaTvis;<br />
- internetSi ganTavsebuli samuSao variantis mkiTxvelebs, wignis mimarT<br />
skeptikurad ganwyobili mkiTxvelebis CaTvliT;<br />
- adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis asociaciis adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis<br />
pedagogebs, globaluri eleqtronuli siis wevrebs, komentarebisa da<br />
saTauris SerCevaSi daxmarebisaTvis;<br />
- adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrduli programis monitoringis<br />
jgufs, mxardaWerisa da ideebisaTvis;<br />
- yvelas, vinc zogjer Tavisdauneburad gvexmareboda Sinaarsis<br />
formirebaSi;<br />
- maikl hiugzis, britanuli sabWos budapeStis ofisis warmomadgenels, im<br />
wvlilisaTvis, romelic cildeboda koreqtoris CarCoebs.<br />
rkinigzis saerTaSoriso kavSirs, kerZod, `interreils~ axalgazrduli<br />
moZraobis solidarobis fondis saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli finansuri<br />
mxardaWerisaTvis.<br />
bodiSs vuxdiT maT, vinc ver movixsenieT am siaSi da vwuxvarT, rom<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi ver CavrTeT yvela miRebuli masala da winadadeba.<br />
9
Council of Europe<br />
The Seoretary General<br />
msoflios globalur sofelTan Sedareba TiTqmis banalur movlenad iqca.<br />
globalizacia asocirdeba vaWrobis, TanamSromlobisa da komunikaciis mzard<br />
SesaZleblobebTan da riskebTan. miuxedavad amisa, globalizaciis WeSmarit problemad<br />
rCeba universaluri Semecnebis ganviTareba, romelic adamianis uflebebs, pluralistul<br />
demokratiasa da Tanasworflebianobas ganixilavs, rogorc umniSvnelovanes faseulobebs.<br />
evropis sabWo da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia Seiqmna omisa da barbarosobis<br />
im saSineli gamovlinebebis pasuxad, rac ki kacobriobas odesme ganucdia. konvencia da is<br />
dokumentebi, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi Seiqmna (wamebis sawinaaRmdego, socialuri<br />
uflebebis damcavi da a.S) usamarTlobis, Cagvrisa da diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg mebrZol<br />
adamianebisaTvis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisaTvis imedisa da STagonebis wyaros<br />
warmoadgendnen. bevri warmateba ukve miRweulia. Tumca gasakeTebeli kvlav bevri rCeba.<br />
evropaSi jer kidev irRveva, iTrguneba da ugulvebelyofilia Zalian bevri adamianis<br />
ufleba.<br />
konvenciebi adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb miRwevaa, romelic Cven yvelas evropelebad<br />
gvaerTianebs. isini gzas gvikvleven daeWvebisa da cvlilebebis Jams. maTi dacva da<br />
Sesruleba evropis yvela saxelmwifos umaRlesi movaleobaa.<br />
da mainc, adamianis uflebebs mxolod iuridiuli teqstebi ver daicavs. maT dacvasa da<br />
Sesrulebaze unda izrunos yvelam, axalgazrdebis CaTvliT. es saxelmZRvanelo aZlevs<br />
axalgazrdebs SesaZleblobas gaigon adamianis uflebebis arsi da isaubron mis enaze. is<br />
agreTve sTavazobs axalgazrdebis liderebs, maswavleblebs, pedagogebs, profesionalebs da<br />
moxaliseebs konkretul ideebs rogor moaxdinon axalgazrdebis motivireba da CarTva<br />
adamianis uflebebis dasacavad, pirovnuli iniciativebis gansaxorcileblad maTsave<br />
sazogadebis farglebSi.<br />
es saxelmZRvanelo ar iZleva raime mza gadawyvetilebebs. ar arsebobs araviTari mza<br />
gadawyvetilebebi siRaribis, diskriminaciis, Zaladobis an aratolerantulobis winaaRmdeg.<br />
is arc pasuxebs Seicavs adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul yvela kiTxvaze. is, rasac<br />
saxelmZRvanelo namdvilad iZleva aris SesaZlebloba maTTvis, vinc adamianis uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb ganaTlebis sferoSi erTveba amomwuravad da SemoqmedebiTad ganixilon es Temebi,<br />
rac TavisTavad warmoadgens ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
es saxelmZRvanelo <strong>kompasi</strong>s msgavsad gviCvenebs sxvadasxva gzebs da mimarTulebebs<br />
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi mogzaurobisaTvis. <strong>kompasi</strong>s msgavsad is SeiZleba da unda<br />
iqnas gamoyenebuli mTel evropaSi nebismieri adamianis uflebebiT, demokratiiT da<br />
samoqalaqo sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli piris mier.<br />
Tu is azri, rom Cven 21 saukuneSi SevabijeT cecxlovani karibWis gavliT marTalia, es<br />
kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom bevri axalgazrda, da axalgazrduli organizacia,<br />
maswavleblebi da pedagogebi mzad arian xeli mokidon ganaTlebis problemaTa gadawyvetas<br />
adamianis uflebaTa saxeliT da saSualebiT.<br />
es saxelmZRvanelo aris kidev erTi wvlili am saqmeSi da maTi Rvawlis dafaseba.<br />
valter Svimeri<br />
generaluri mdivani<br />
10
Sesavali<br />
Tqven xelT gipyriaT <strong>kompasi</strong>, saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebebis<br />
sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT!<br />
imedi gvaqvs, is mogawvdiT ideebs, STagonebebs da motivacias adamianis<br />
uflebebis ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvaweobisaTvis axalgazrdebis<br />
monawileobiT. wigni daiwera adamianis uflebebis ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
evropis sabWos axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtoratis axalgazrduli<br />
programis monawileobiT, romelic Seiqmna 2000 wels adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropuli konvenciis 50-e wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad. programis mizania<br />
adamianis uflebebi aqcios axalgazrdebis muSaobis centralur nawilad da<br />
amdenad, ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi CaerTos saerTo<br />
ganaTlebis sistemaSi.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba, – igulisxmeba saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebi da saqmianobebi, romlebic miznad isaxaven adamianis<br />
Tanasworobis damkvidrebas Tanabari Rirsebebis safuZvelze – fasdaudebeli<br />
Rirebulebaa moqalaqeobis evropuli ganzomilebis formirebaSi, rac Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovania nebismieri evropelisaTvis. evropis sabWos axalgazrdobisa<br />
da sportis direqtoratis im programebTan erTad, rogorebicaa,<br />
kulturaTaSorisi swavleba, monawileoba, umciresobebisa da umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgeneli axalagazrdebis mxardaWera, Seqmnil ganaTlebis programas<br />
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi aqvs qmedebaTa katalizatorisa da daxmarebis<br />
wyaros potencia. isini, vinc araformalur saganmanaTleblo muSaobaSi<br />
arian CarTulni, unda SeeZloT ganixilon evolucia, praqtika da adamianis<br />
uflebaTa problemebi maTi universalurobis, ganuyoflobisa da mTlianobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT da gaiazron Tu ras niSnavs es dRevandeli<br />
axalgazrdobisaTvis.<br />
evropis sabWos axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtoratma, evropis<br />
axalgazrduli centrisa da evropis axalgazrdobis fondis mxardaWeriT,<br />
moipova gansxvavebul kulturul garemoSi gamosayenebeli saswavlo<br />
masalebis Seqmnis eqspertis myari reputacia, rogorc formalur, aseve<br />
araformalur saganmanaTleblo garemoSi. gamavrceleblebTan muSaobam da<br />
iseTi proeqtebis zegavlenam, rogorebicaa axalgazrduli kampania “yvela<br />
gansxvavebuli _ yvela Tanaswori” da grZelvadianma treining programebma,<br />
Tavis wvlili Seitanes im proeqtebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic umTavresad<br />
da upirvelesad gavlenas axdenen xalxze da amave dros inarCuneben<br />
saerToevropul xasiaTs.<br />
sul cota xnis win, rogorc evropaSi, aseve msoflios sxva regionebSi<br />
mimdinare movlenebi, safrTxis winaSe ayenebdnen mSvidobis kulturis<br />
safuZvlebsa da adamianis uflebebis pativiscemas. am movlenebma naTlad<br />
dagvanaxa, rom saWiroa adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis sferoSi gatardes<br />
ufro gamokveTili da gaazrebuli RonisZiebebi.<br />
am konteqstSi adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrduli programa<br />
miznad isaxavs:<br />
11
12<br />
- adamianis uflebaTa swavleba aqcios axalgazrdobis muSaobis ZiriTad<br />
mimarTulebad;<br />
- daafasos da ganaviTaros axalgazrdebis araformaluri ganaTleba,<br />
rogorc adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis erT-erTi forma;<br />
- daafasos axalgazrdebi da axalgazrduli organizaciebi, rogorc<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisa da evropis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
fundamenturi resursi;<br />
- daamkvidros adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis farTo gageba da, amave<br />
dros, pativi sces axalgazrdebisa da dRevandeli evropis socialurkulturuli<br />
realobis mravalferovnebas;<br />
- Camoayalibos axali asociaciuri qselebi da partniorebTan erTad<br />
uzrunvelyos TanamSromloba ganaTlebis araformalur da formalur<br />
sferoebSi;<br />
- praqtikosebisa da partniorebis CarTviT, eZebos da miaRwios<br />
maqsimalur “gamravlebis efeqts” erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze;<br />
- mTeli evropis masStabiT miawodos praqtikosebs axali<br />
saganmanaTleblo meTodologia axalgazrduli saqmianobisaTvis,<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze dayrdnobiT;<br />
- moaxdinos kulturaTaSorisi da araformaluri ganaTlebis sferoebSi<br />
dagrovili gamocdilebis integrireba, axalgazrdebis CarTva<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebasa da ZiebaSi;<br />
- gaiTvaliswinos saganmanaTleblo midgomebisa da saSualebebis<br />
inovaciuri meTodebi.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe praqtikosebisaTvis<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> warmoadgens am programis centralur nawils, romelic, aseve,<br />
moicavs Zaladobis sxvadasxva formasTan dakavSirebuli adgilobrivi<br />
eqsperimentuli proeqtebis, erovnuli da regionaluri treining-kursebisa<br />
da specifikuri RonisZiebebis mxardamWer RonisZiebebs. imis nacvlad, rom<br />
gamogveca `kidev erTi~ saxelmZRvanelo, da gveZebna adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Seswavlis axali meTodebi da xerxebi, Cven miznad davisaxeT am wignis<br />
saSualebiT adamianis uflebaTa swavleba gagvexada misawvdomi, gamoyenebadi<br />
da saWiro pedagogebisaTvis, damxmare personalisaTvis, liderebisaTvis,<br />
maswavleblebisaTvis, moxaliseebisaTvis da trenerebisaTvis, romlebic<br />
aqtiurad arian CarTuli axalgazrdebis ganaTlebis sferoSi. es aris<br />
mokrZalebuli (Tumca ambiciuri) pasuxi im SekiTxvaze, romelic bevri<br />
dainteresebuli aqtivistisa da pedagogis winaSe dgas: “rogor unda<br />
gavakeToT es?”<br />
rasizmisa da aratolerantulobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli 1995 wlis<br />
evropuli axalgazrduli kampaniis, _ “yvela gansxvavebuli _ yvela<br />
Tanaswori”, saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis Sedegad dagrovilma gamocdilebam,<br />
dagvanaxa, rom am tipis evropuli saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis<br />
warmatebisaTvis aucilebelia:<br />
- Seiqmnas “yvela gansxvavebuli _ yvela Tanaswori” modelis Sesabamisi<br />
saganmanaTleblo meTodologiebi da instrumentebi;
- msgavsi masalebi momxmarebelTaTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos mSobliur<br />
enaze;<br />
- arsebobdnen trenerebi, romlebic imuSaveben da gaavrceleben codnas<br />
erovnul, regionalur da adgilobriv doneze.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> pasuxobs am moTxovnebs. igi gamocemulia evropis sabWos mier<br />
inglisur, frangul da rusul enebze, Tumca, Cven mxolod mivesalmebiT<br />
wignis adaptirebasa da Targmnas sxva enebzec. erovnuli da regionaluri<br />
saswavlo treining-kursebis organizebam, xeli unda Seuwyos, rom<br />
trenerebi da pedagogebi gaecnon saxelmZRvanelos da daexmaron adgilobriv<br />
skolebs, asociaciebsa da axalgazrdul jgufebs mis aTvisebaSi. <strong>kompasi</strong>s<br />
arsi aris moqmedebisaken mowodeba da waxaliseba.<br />
Semoqmedebis Ria da interaqtiuli procesi<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s Seqmna urTulesi amocana aRmoCnda. misi Tematuri Semadgenloba<br />
imdenad vrcelia – adamianis uflebaTa swavleba xom Tanamedrove cxovrebis<br />
TiTqmis yvela aspeqts moicavs _ ramdenadac mravalferovania misi<br />
geografiuli da kulturuli masStabebi. potencialur momxmarebelTa<br />
samuSao pirobebi da saganmanaTleblo garemo arsebiTad gansxvavdebian<br />
erTmaneTiasagan, rogorc formaluri, aseve araformaluri swavlebisas. Cven<br />
dasawyisSive aRmovCndiT ramodenime problemis winaSe, kerZod:<br />
- SesaZlebelia adamianis uflebaTa universalurobisa da konkretuli<br />
situaciebis urTierTSeTavseba evropis sxvadasxva qveynis<br />
mravalferovani kulturis gaTvaliswinebiT?<br />
- SeiZleba erTi da igive saxelmZRvanelosa da meTodebis gamoyeneba<br />
sxxvadasxva qveyanaSi?<br />
- arseboben adamianis uflebebSi an adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaSi iseTi<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic mxolod evropisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli?<br />
- realuria iseTi saxlemZRvanelos Seqmnis mcdeloba, romlis<br />
gamoyenebac SesaZlebeli iqneba rogorc formaluri, aseve<br />
araformaluri swavlebisas?<br />
- ra sabaziso codnas unda flobdnen momxmareblebi?<br />
- kidev aris SesaZlebeli am sferoSi novatoroba?<br />
- momzadebulni arian miznobrivi jgufebi saxelmZRvanelos<br />
gamosayeneblad?<br />
- aqvs azri specialuri wignis daweras adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis<br />
sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT?<br />
SeuZlebeli iyo yvela kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, yvela eWvis gafantva da<br />
riskis gamoricxva. imisaTvis, raTa gagveca pasuxebi kiTxvebze da<br />
gagveTvaliswinebia problematuri sakiTxebi, saWiro iyo samuSao procesis<br />
dawyeba. Sedegad miviReT wigni, romelmac unda gaaerTianos gamocdileba da<br />
codna iseT sferoebSi, rogorebicaa:<br />
- adamianis uflebaTa swavleba;<br />
- kulturaTaSorisi swavleba;<br />
- axalgazrdebis muSaoba;<br />
- pedagogika da didaqtika;<br />
- samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmianoba.<br />
13
14<br />
sakonsultacio da SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi<br />
sakonsultacio jgufi Seiqmna internetSi gamocxadebuli Ria<br />
konkursis safuZvelze. jgufis amocana iyo, rom gamoexataT mxardaWera<br />
wignis avtorebisaTvis. amave jgufma gansazRvra Sinaarsis zogadi konturebi<br />
da uzrunvelyo sxva sferoebSi arsebuli masalebisa da gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba.<br />
sakonsultacio jgufi Sedgeboda:<br />
- doqtor eli abuauni, libani, Nouveaux Droits de l’Homme-International<br />
- b-ni anatoli azarovi, ruseTis federacia, adamianis uflebaTa<br />
moskovis skola<br />
- q-ni patricia branderi, dania, `yvela gansxvavebuli _ yvela<br />
Tanaswori~ saganmanaTleblo paketis konsultanti<br />
- q-ni elli kini, didi britaneTi, adamianis uflebebis Seswavlisa da<br />
`saerTaSoriso amnistiis~ asociacia<br />
- q-ni korina mixaela leka, moldova, SIEDO _ adamianis uflebebis da<br />
ganaTlebis damoukidebeli sazogadoeba<br />
- q-ni mari-lor lemineri, espaneTi da safrangeTi, gaeros mSvidobis<br />
universitetis (kosta-rika) konsultanti<br />
- q-ni brijit mulie, didi britaneTi, ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis<br />
saministros samoqalaqo ganaTlebis jgufi<br />
- q-ni luiza nilini, SvedeTi da aSS, gaeros ganviTarebis programisa<br />
da adamianis uflebebis samoqalaqo ganaTlebis aTwledis programa,<br />
konsultanti<br />
- q-ni barbara oliveira, SvedeTi da mozambiki, konsultanti,<br />
`saerTaSoriso amnistiis~ yofili axalgazrduli frTis<br />
koordinatori samxreT afrikis respublikebSi<br />
- q-ni iunis smiti, adamianis uflebebis, mSvidobis, demokratiis da<br />
tolerantobis ganyofileba, iuneskos socialur da humanitarul<br />
mecnierebaTa seqtori<br />
- b-ni alesio suriani, italia, kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis evropis<br />
federacia<br />
- q-ni aliona suslova, ukraina, qalTa sainformacio-sakonsultacio<br />
centri<br />
- b-ni vim telmani, belgia, adamianis uflebebis Seswavlis<br />
flamandriuli asociacia<br />
- b-ni andrei iurovi, ruseTis federacia, uflebaTa dacvis<br />
axalgazrduli moZraoba, evropis axalgazrduli centris da evropis<br />
axalgazrduli fondis sameTvalyureo sabWo<br />
- q-ni nensi flauersi,* aSS, konsultanti, adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
ganaTlebis resurs-centri, minesotas universiteti<br />
- q-ni iana ondraCkova*, CexeTis respublika, adamianis uflebaTa<br />
swavlebis programis avtori da CexeTis helsinkis komitetis<br />
koordinatori<br />
- q-ni vedrana spaiC-vkraSi*, xorvatiis universitetis filosofiis<br />
fakulteti, zagrebi<br />
__________________________________________________<br />
*iyo mowveuli, Tumca ver SeZlo SexvedraSi monawileobis miReba
sakonsultacio jgufs nayofieri da aqtiuri Sekreba hqonda<br />
budapeStSi, 2001 wlis aprilSi, evropis axalgazrdobis centrSi. iqve<br />
Camoyalibda <strong>kompasi</strong>s Sinaarsobrivi konturebi da struqtura, im mTavari<br />
Temebis CaTvliT, romelTa gaSuqebac momavalSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
gamoiTqva, agreTve, winadadebebi muSaobis procesisa da mecadineobebis<br />
testirebis Sesaxeb. SemoqmedebiTi gundi, <strong>kompasi</strong>s teqstebis 8 avtori,<br />
Sevida sakonsultacio jgufis SemadgenlobaSi. muSaobis procesSi jgufis<br />
sxva wevrebi asrulebdnen redaqtorebisa da konsultantebis movaleobas.<br />
maTi muSaoba dafuZnebuli iyo moxaliseobis principze.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi jgufis wevrebma ise dainawiles samuSao, rom<br />
maqsimalurad yofiliyo uzrunvelyofili gamocdilebisa da azrebis<br />
urTierT gaziareba, realuri samuSao vadebis gansazRvra da amocanebisa da<br />
pasuxismegeblobebis danawileba. wignis yovel nawilsa da savarjiSos hyavda<br />
Tavisi avtorebi da koreqtorebi. isini kiTxulobdnen TiToeul teqsts da<br />
vidre teqsti gadainacvlebda gundis sxva wevrebis xelSi, Tan urTavdnen<br />
ori an sami adamianis komentars. 2001 wels jgufi Seikriba samjer: maisSi,<br />
ivnisSi da seqtemberSi.<br />
testireba da saboloo variantis momzadeba<br />
teqstebis saboloo variantebi ganTavsda internetSi, raTa adamianis<br />
uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrduli programis monawileebisa da<br />
axalgazrdobisa da sportis sakiTxTa direqtoratis trenerebs<br />
SesaZlebloba hqonodaT gacnobodnen teqstebs da SemoeTavazebinaT TavianTi<br />
kometarebi da mosazrebebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstebi internetSi<br />
mcire droiT iyo ganTavsebuli, Tavad procesi novatorul xasiaTs<br />
atarebda da monawileTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba miizida.<br />
axalgazrdul organizaciebs, erovnul axalgazrdul sabWoebsa da<br />
axalgazrdobisa da sportis sakiTxTa direqtoratis sxva partniorebs<br />
gaegzavnaT Txovna, moewodebinaT informacia maT qveynebSi adgilobriv<br />
enebze arsebuli masalebi adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis sferoSi. am<br />
Txovnas araerTgvarovani gamoxmaureba mohyva. zogi sia metismetad vrceli<br />
aRmoCnda. amitom, gadawyda, rom miRebuli masala Senaxuliyo <strong>kompasi</strong>s<br />
eleqtronuli versiisaTvis da adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis resurs<br />
centrisaTvis.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo kontaqtebsa da konsultaciebs im<br />
axalgazrdul organizaciebTan, romlebsac garkveuli gamocdileba gaaCndaT<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s Temebis irgvliv. maTi komentarebi da winadadebebi yovelTvis<br />
sasargeblo iyo.<br />
saTauris SerCevisas miviReT 20-ze meti SemoTavazeba. gansakuTrebuli<br />
aqtiurobiT gamoirCeoda adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis asociaciis<br />
eleqtronuli fostis sakontaqto siebze gavrcelebuli gancxadebebi<br />
(monawileebs mieniWaT arCevanis SesaZlebloba). stilis, midgomebisa da<br />
Sinaarsis mTlianobis dacvis mizniT, sxvadasaxva avtorebis teqstebs sami<br />
wevrisagan Semdgari jgufi ukeTebda redaqtirebas. eli kinma pirvel, mesame<br />
da meoTxe Tavebze aiRo pasuxismgebloba, mari-lor leminerma _ Tematur<br />
informaciaze, xolo patricia branderi savarjiSoebze da maTTan<br />
dakavSirebul teqstebze muSaobda. saboloo redaqtireba Seasrula 15
16<br />
budapeStis evropis axalgazrduli centris programebisa da treiningebis<br />
administratorma, rui gomesma.<br />
ras Seicavs <strong>kompasi</strong>?<br />
SemoqmedebiTma gundma sakonsultacio jgufisagan miiRo miTiTeba<br />
moemzadebina maqsimalurad sruli da mravalferovani Sinaarsis mqone<br />
saxelmZRvanelo (raTa nebismier adamians epovna wignSi misTvis sasurveli<br />
informacia), imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom:<br />
- sargeblobis SemTxvevaSi mkiTxveli ar iyos iZulebuli waikiTxos<br />
wigni Tavidan bolomde. treners SesaZlebloba unda hqondes ise<br />
Caataros praqtikuli samuSao, rom ar gaecnos im masalebs, romlebic<br />
ar arian uSualod dakavSirebuili mocemul situaciasTan an<br />
konteqsTan;<br />
- Seicavdes damatebiT informaciis aucilebel minimums im<br />
xelmZRvanelebisaTvis, romlebic arc Tu ise damajereblad grZnoben<br />
Tavs Temebis ganxilvis procesSi (<strong>kompasi</strong>s masalebi maTTvis sruliad<br />
sakmarisi unda iyos);<br />
- wigni, upirveles yovlisa, praqtikuli unda iyos da eyrdnobodes<br />
swavlebis gamocdilebas;<br />
- saintereso unda iyos evropeli axalgazrdebisaTvis, asaxavdes maT<br />
interesebs da warmoadgendes axalgazrdebis socialuri unar-Cvevebis,<br />
damokidebulebebisa da codnisa ganviTarebis instruments;<br />
- aqcenti unda keTdebodes zneobriv Rirebulebebze da socialur<br />
sakiTxebze, da ara mxolod uflebebis formulirebaze, rogorc es<br />
konvenciebSia Camoyalibebuli;<br />
- misaRebi iyos rogorc formaluri, aseve araformaluri<br />
swavlebisaTvis;<br />
- sacnobaro informacia gadatanili iyos meore planze da ara yvelaze<br />
gamosaCen adgilas, raTa momxmareblebi mihyvnen savarjiSoebs da, amave<br />
dros, axsovdeT, rom damxmare informacia yovelTvis xelmisawvdomia.<br />
sabolood <strong>kompasi</strong> ase Camoyalibda:<br />
Tavi 1: mkiTxvels acnobs, ra igulisxmeba adamianis uflebebis swavlebaSi.<br />
unda gaitacos da interesi aRuZras mkiTxvels, Tu rogor miiRos<br />
maqsimaluri informacia <strong>kompasi</strong>s daxmarebiT.<br />
Tavi 2: sirTulis sxvadasxva donis 49 savarjiSo, romlebic exeba<br />
gasxvavebul Temebs da sxvadasxva uflebebs.<br />
Tavi 3: “moqmedebaze gadasvla”, Seicavs ideebsa da rekomendaciebs maTTvis,<br />
visac surs aqtiuri monawileoba miiRos adamianis uflebebis ganmtkicebaSi.<br />
Tavi 4: mkiTxvels awvdis ZiriTad informacias adamianis uflebebis,<br />
saerTaSoriso standartebisa da dokumentebis Sesaxeb.<br />
Tavi 5: damatebiTi sacnobaro informacia Sesabamisi Temebis mixedviT.<br />
danarTebi: moicavs ZiriTad informacias samarTlebrivi dokumentebis<br />
Sesaxeb, radganac adamianis uflebebi iuridiul aspeqtebsac moicaven.
Temebis SerCeva<br />
sakonsultacio jgufma Tavidanve gamoyo 63 ZiriTadi sakiTxi,<br />
romlebic unda ganxiluliyo kompasSi. es iyo Temebis farTo speqtri,<br />
terorizmiT dawyebuli da evTanaziiT damTavrebuli. SemoqmedebiTi<br />
jgufisaTvis sirTules warmoadgenda am sakiTxebis logikuri<br />
TanmimdevrobiT dajgufeba. sabolood, SeirCa 15 Tema, kerZod, bavSvebi,<br />
moqalaqeoba, demokratia, diskriminacia da qsenofobia, ganaTleba, ekologia,<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba, globalizacia, janmrTeloba, adamianis<br />
usafrTxoeba, media, mSvidoba da Zaladoba, siRaribe, socialuri uflebebi<br />
da sporti. gadawyvetileba ar iyo advilad misaRebi, magram gundma es gza<br />
yvelaze saukeTesod CaTvala meore Tavis savarjiSoebis dasakompleqteblad.<br />
SekiTxvebis an eWvebis wamoWrisas, Cven vcdilobdiT vyofiliyaviT<br />
maqsimalurad yovlismomcvelni. savarjiSoebisaTvis damatebiT gamoCnda<br />
kidev erTi, me-16 Tema, - adamianis zogadi uflebebi. savarjiSoebi<br />
mimarTulia adamianisaTvis miniWebuli yvela uflebis aRqmisa da swori<br />
damokidebulebis gamomuSavebisaken. am Temas ar axlavs damatebiTi<br />
informacia.<br />
eTnocentrizmis barieri<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s Seqmnis procesSi warmoqmnili yvelaze seriozuli problema<br />
ukavSirdeboda eTnocentrizms. SemoqmedebiTi jgufis sxvadasxva qveynisa da<br />
gansxvavebuli cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis mqone adamianebisgan<br />
dakompleqteba unda gamxdariyo, saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili<br />
lingvisturi, saganmanaTleblo da socialuri sakiTxebis mravalferovnebis<br />
garanti. <strong>kompasi</strong> Cafiqrebuli iyo, rogorc WeSmaritad evropuli da<br />
kulturaTaSorisi saxelmZRvanelo.<br />
Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad ganxorcielebadia aseTi Canafiqri. zogjer,<br />
sxvadasxva enebze wakiTxuli masalebi, faqtobrivad, erTidaimave wyaros<br />
eyrdnoboda. vinaidan, <strong>kompasi</strong>s pirveli varianti inglisur enaze<br />
mzaddeboda, bunebrivia, rom yvela avtori, pirvel rigSi, cdilobda<br />
Seeswavla inglisurenovani sacnobaro literatura da inglisurenovani<br />
vebgverdebi internetSi. imedi gvaqvs, rom Cvens mier amdagvari calmxrivi<br />
saxifaTo midgomis gacnobierebam, minimumamde daiyvana Secdomebi, magram maTi<br />
Tavidan acileba namdvilad ar iyo advili, radgan es globalizaciis<br />
garduvali Sedegia! SeuZlebelic ki iqneboda <strong>kompasi</strong>s Seqmna 50 kaciani, 50<br />
enaze moazrovne jgufis mier.<br />
CvenTan momuSave mxatvarma panCom, erT winadadebaSi gamoxata Cveni<br />
eWvebi. roca mas vuTxariT, rom misi naxatebi evropelebisTvis iyo<br />
gankuTvnili da evropelebi unda daexata, man ikiTxa: „ki, magram, Tqven<br />
iciT, rogor gamoiyureba evropeli?“<br />
meTodebis Sesaxeb<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Cven gadawyvetilebaSi ar Sedioda raRac<br />
absoluturad „axlis“ dawera. Cveni survili iyo Segveqmna saxelmZRvanelo,<br />
romliTac isargeblebda yvela, vinc adamianis uflebaTa swavlebiTaa<br />
dakavebuli. gamoirkva, rom am Temaze ukve arsebobs uamravi SesaniSnavi<br />
masala.<br />
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18<br />
am faqtma, garkveuli stimuli misca SemoqmedebiT jgufs.<br />
SesaZleblobis mixedviT Cven pativiscemiTa da madlierebis grZnobiT<br />
movixsenieT yvela, vinc garkveuli wvlili Seitana am saqmeSi. amasTanave,<br />
bodiSs vixdiT Tuki vinme gamogvrCa. am sferoSi gaTviTcnobierebuli<br />
adamianisaTvis, advilad misaxvedria, rom zogierTi meTodi adaptirebulia<br />
da gameorebulia kompasSi. Cven es meTodebi SevinarCuneT, vinaidan miznad<br />
davisaxeT mogvewodebina praqtikulad gamoyenebadi masala.<br />
adaptacia am saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTad arss warmoadgens. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom savarjiSoebi vinmes SeiZleba ukve mza gadawyvetilebebad<br />
moeCvenos, <strong>kompasi</strong>s aqtiurma momxmarebelma damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi<br />
unda miiRos. calke ganyofilebaSia gadmocemuli Cveni rekomendaciebi<br />
savarjiSoebis adaptirebis Sesaxeb axalgazrduli auditoriis konkretuli<br />
moTxovnilebebis, saganmanaTleblo konteqstis, droisa da sxva faqtorebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> miznad isaxavs mkiTxvelisaTvis miuTiTos moZraobis sxvadasxva<br />
gzebi da mimarTulebebi, evropis axalgazrdobis kulturuli da<br />
socialuri faseulobebis mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. midgomaTa<br />
amdagvari mravalferovneba is Zalaa, romelic gamoricxavs adamianis<br />
uflebebis Tavsmoxveul dogmad gadaqcevas.<br />
adgilobriv doneze muSaoba<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s gamocema mxolod sawyisi etapia. axalgazrdebisa da<br />
pedagogebis monawileobiT treining kursebis organizeba, regionalur da<br />
erovnul doneze xorcieldeba. paralelurad, <strong>kompasi</strong> iTargmneba sxva<br />
enebzec. dawvrilebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT programis veb-gverdi:<br />
http://www.coe.int/hre<br />
ras ar Seicavs wigni da ra iqneba momavalSi?<br />
SemoqmedebiTi jgufis mier dawerili 20-mde savarjiSo ver moxvda<br />
wignSi adgilis ukmarisobis gamo. sacnobaro literaturuli wyaroebis<br />
mTeli rigi gverdebi mniSvnelovnad Seikveca naxsenebi mizezis gamo.<br />
am teqstebis didi nawili mainc miaRwevs mkiTxvelamde <strong>kompasi</strong>s<br />
interaqtiuli versiis saSualebiT, romelic momzadda 2003 wels. igi<br />
uzrunvelyofs bevrad ukeTesi kavSiris damyarebas teqstebsa da<br />
savarjiSoebs Soris, da, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, gaiTvaliswinebs<br />
momxmarebelTa mier SemoTavazebul mosazrebebsa da teqstebs.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi ver moxvda adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
fotosuraTebis seria, filmografia, da simRerebi. <strong>kompasi</strong> iZleva<br />
orientirs, aTvlis wertils, sacnobaro masalebs da mimarTulebas. wignSi<br />
yvelaferi ver moTavsda. adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrdul<br />
programas kidev didi gza aqvs gasavleli da ar Semoifargleba mxolod<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>T.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> SeiZleba gaxdes gzis sawyisi wertili. gisurvebT warmatebas da<br />
keTil ganwyobilebas am gzis gavlis procesSi!
Tavi 1<br />
ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi<br />
da <strong>kompasi</strong>, mokle<br />
megzuri praqtikosTaTvis
IOTavis Sinaarsi<br />
ganaTlebis arsi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ..............................................................................................<br />
ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi? ............................................................................................<br />
ganaTlebis Sedegebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ...................................................................................................<br />
codna, unar-Cvevebi da urTierTobebi ..............................................................................................................................<br />
yovlismomcveli midgoma ...........................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba axalgazrdebis monawileobiT .............................................................................<br />
formaluri da araformaluri saganmanaTleblo garemo ......................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, rogorc moqmedebis pirveli nabiji .......................................<br />
ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso mxardaWera adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ...........................................................<br />
adamianis uflebebis swavleba da ganaTlebis sxva sferoebi ...........................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samyaro ....................................................................................................................................................<br />
ras niSnavs „adamianis uflebaTa problema?“ ..............................................................................................................<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi gaSuqebuli sakiTxebi .......................................................................................................................<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTleba .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
individualuri da socialuri ganaTleba .....................................................................................................................<br />
globaluri ganaTleba ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba .................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganviTarebis problemebis swavleba ...................................................................................................................................<br />
ekologiuri ganaTleba ...............................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba mSvidobis kulturis sferoSi ......................................................................................................................<br />
samarTlebrivi ganaTleba ..........................................................................................................................................................<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s gamoyeneba evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ................................................................................<br />
ra aris evropa da sad mdebareobs igi? .........................................................................................................................<br />
wigni evropisaTvis? .....................................................................................................................................................................<br />
evropuli ocneba ............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
axalgazrduli warmomadgenloba da misi muSaoba ....................................................................................................<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ....................................................................................................................................................<br />
wignis momzadebis procesi ......................................................................................................................................................<br />
saxelmZRvaneloTi sargebloba sxvadasxva enebze da sxvadasxva qveynebSi ...............................................<br />
rogor visargebloT <strong>kompasi</strong>T ............................................................................................................................<br />
rogor visargebloT saxelmZRvaneloTi .........................................................................................................................<br />
swavlebis meTodebi ......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Seswavlisas wamoWrili SekiTxvebi ......................................................................................<br />
rCevebi maTTvis, vinc sargeblobs saxelmZRvaneloTi ...........................................................................................<br />
rCevebi pedagogebisaTvis ...........................................................................................................................................................<br />
muSaobis jgufuri procesi .............................................................................................................................................<br />
jgufuri muSaobis meTodebi ...........................................................................................................................................<br />
zogadi rCevebi savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad ...................................................................................................<br />
roca mecadineoba moulodnel xasiaTs iRebs ......................................................................................................<br />
jgufSi arsebuli konfliqtebis marTva .................................................................................................................<br />
efeqturi saswavlo jgufebis Camoyalibebis meTodebi da xerxebi .......................................................<br />
diskusiis warmarTvis Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi da xerxebi .........................................................<br />
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi da xerxebi .....................<br />
analitikuri TamaSebi ..........................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTlebis arsi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
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kilometriani<br />
erTi nabijiT<br />
iwyeba”<br />
lao-Zini<br />
ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi?<br />
“... saganmanaTleblo programebi da RonisZiebebi, romlebic mimarTuli<br />
arian adamianis Rirsebis damkvidrebisaken iseT programebTan erTad,<br />
rogorebicaa kulturaTaSoriso swavlebis, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi<br />
aqtiuri monawileobis da umciresobaTa uflebebis gafarToebis<br />
mxardamWeri programebi.”<br />
evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrduli programis oficialuri ganmarteba<br />
Sorsmimavali mizani<br />
adamianis uflebebis ganaTlebis Sesaxeb uamravi ganmarteba arsebobs,<br />
magram igi saukeTesod xasiaTdeba im miznebiT, romlebiskenac is iswrafvis.<br />
aseTi programebis Sorsmimavali miznebi emsaxureba adamianis uflebebis<br />
Secnobis, dacvisa da pativiscemis kulturis Camoyalibebas. amgvarad,<br />
nebismier adamians, romelic muSaobs xalxTan da CarTulia adamianis<br />
uflebaTa swavlebaSi, mudmivad axsovs es miznebi da emsaxureba maT,<br />
miuxedavad imisa Tu sad da rogor mimdinareobs es procesi.<br />
SeiZleba calkeul adamianebs hqondeT urTierTgansxvavebuli<br />
mosazrebebi am miznisaken mimavali saukeTeso an yvelaze Sesaferisi gzebis<br />
Sesaxeb, magram es sruliad bunebrivia. ar arsebobs ori adamiani, adamianTa<br />
jgufi an ori kultura, romlebsac erTnairi moTxovnilebebi eqnebaT, da<br />
amave dros Tanabrad misaRebi da mosawoni iqneba adamianTa sxvadasxva<br />
jgufisaTvis. es kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom efeqturi ganaTleba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi orientirebuli unda iyos monawileebze: igi<br />
upirveles yovlisa unda pasuxobdes TiToeuli pirovnebis moTxovnebs,<br />
prioritetebs, SesaZleblobebsa da survilebs gansxvavebuli sazogadoebis<br />
farglebSi.<br />
monawileebze orientirebuli saganmanaTleblo midgoma xazs usvams<br />
pirovnuli iniciativisa da pirovnuli zrdis mniSvnelobas, angariSs uwevs<br />
im socialur konteqsts, romelSic monawileebi imyofebian. Tumca, es imas<br />
ar niSnavs, rom pedagogebma izolirebulad imuSaon, an ar iswavlon maTgan,<br />
vinc gasxvaveul garemoSi moRvaweobs. mTel msoflioSi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
pedagogebs aerTianebT saerTo survili, Seqmnan da icxovron iseT<br />
samyaroSi, sadac icaven da pativs scemen adamianis uflebebs. zogadi<br />
miTiTebebi, aprobirebuli meTodebi, saganmanaTleblo masalebi da am<br />
sferoSi momuSave uamravi adamiani – es yvelaferi dagvexmareba mivaRwioT<br />
Cvens saerTo mizans. es saxelmZRvanelo kidev erTi win gadadgmuli nabijia<br />
am mimarTulebiT gaweuli muSaobis procesSi.<br />
? ras niSnavs TqvenTvis ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi?<br />
Semadgeneli komponentebi<br />
saerTo suraTi naTelia, magram praqtikuli miznebidan gamomdinare,<br />
saWiroa konkretul realobasTan miaxloeba. mizani SeiZleba daiyos<br />
Semadgenel komponentebad. kerZod, ganvixiloT calkeuli nawilebi, rac<br />
mTlianobaSi qmnis adamianis uflebaTa kulturas da amis Semdeg vifiqroT,<br />
rogor SeiZleba maTTan individualuri midgoma. saboloo jamSi, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa kultura, ar aris ubralod kultura, sadac yvelam icis Tavisi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiTY 21<br />
“ganaTleba mimarTuli unda<br />
iyos adamianis pirovnebis<br />
sruli ganviTarebisa da<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da<br />
ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa<br />
pativiscemis gaZlierebisaken.<br />
ganaTleba xels unda<br />
uwyobdes yvela xalxis, yvela<br />
rasobrivi da religiuri<br />
jgufis urTierTgagebas,<br />
Semwynareblobas, megobrobas<br />
da gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis moRvaweobas<br />
mSvidobis SesanarCuneblad.”<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaracia<br />
muxli 26
22<br />
uflebebi, vinaidan codna yovelTvis ar gamoxatavs pativiscemas, xolo<br />
pativiscemis gareSe yovelTvis iarsebebs Zaladoba. adamianis uflebaTa<br />
kultura damokidebulebebis, rwmenis, qcevebis, normebisa da wesebis<br />
erTmaneTze gadajaWvuli qselia. maT Secnobas SeuZlia gvapovninos is<br />
orientiri, romelic saWiroa jgufebSi muSaobis warmarTvisaTvis.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa kulturisaken<br />
qvemoT CamoTvlili elementebi gamomdinareobs aseTi kulturis<br />
ZiriTadi elementebidan. isini xels uwyoben zogadi miznebis formulirebas<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi:<br />
� adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis dacvis<br />
formireba;<br />
� sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis pativiscemis grZnobis gaRviveba;<br />
adamianis Rirsebis dafaseba;<br />
� damokidebulebebisa da qcevebis Camoyalibeba, romlebic pativs<br />
scemen sxvebis uflebebs;<br />
� TviTmyofadi genderuli Tanasworuflebianobisa da qalebisaTvis<br />
Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa yvela sferoSi;<br />
� kulturuli mravalferovnebis pativiscemis, gagebisa da dafasebis<br />
damkvidreba, gansakuTrebiT sxvadasxva erovnuli, eTnikuri,<br />
religiuri, lingvisturi da sxva saxis umciresobebTan da<br />
sazogadoebebTan mimarTebaSi;<br />
� aqtiuri samoqalaqo TviTSegnebis formireba;<br />
� erebsa da xalxTa Soris demokratiis, socialuri samarTlianobis,<br />
harmoniuli sazogadoebis, solidarobisa da megobrobis<br />
damkvidreba;<br />
� im saerTaSoriso organizaciebis muSaobis xelSewyoba, romlebic<br />
miznad isaxaven adamianis uflebaTa universalur faseulobebze,<br />
saerTaSoriso urTierTobaze da tolerantobaze dayrdnobiT<br />
Camoayalibon mSvidobis kultura.<br />
ganaTlebis Sedegebi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sferoSi<br />
ra miznebs vusaxav Cems jgufs?<br />
Cven ganvsazRvreT, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis globaluri<br />
amocana, aseve mTeli rigi samomavlo miznebi. Cven SegviZlia kidev ufro<br />
mivuaxlovdeT sakiTxs da vifiqroT individualuri jgufebisa da<br />
sazogadoebebis saWiroebebze, anu SevcvaloT msoflio lokalur doneze<br />
muSaobis dawyebiT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiTY<br />
DdResdReobiT, adamianis uflebebis xelyofa Cveulebrivi movlenaa.<br />
idealur SemTxvevaSi, sakmarisi iqneboda Tqveni jgufis wevrebisaTvis<br />
gveswavlebina sxva adamianebis mimarT pativiscema da imedi gvqonoda, rom<br />
maT rigebSi ar aRmoCndebodnen isini, vinc momavalSi daarRvevda adamianis<br />
uflebebs. es, Cveni, adamianis uflebebis pedagogebis samuSaos erT-erTi<br />
umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtia.
SegviZlia ufro mniSvnelovani miznebic davisaxoT: axalgazrdebs mivceT<br />
stimuli, rom daicvan ara mxolod sakuTari interesebi, aramed maT garSemo<br />
myofTa interesebic; SegviZlia vaqcioT isini mini-ganmanaTleblebad da mini<br />
aqtivistebad, romlebic daicaven adamianis uflebebs maSinac ki, roca es<br />
sakiTxi piradad ar exebaT. es mizani ar aris miuRwevadi, es ar niSnavs,<br />
rom Cven axalgazrdebisagan moviTxovoT, TavianTi cxovreba miuZRvnan<br />
mxolod adamianis uflebebis dacvas. mTavaria icodnen problemis arsi,<br />
izrunon maT aRmosafxvrelad da imoqmedon arsebuli mdgomareobis<br />
Sesacvlelad, rodesac isini amis saWiroebas dainaxaven.<br />
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, amJamad arsebuli ganaTlebis<br />
modelebi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi gamoyofen miznebis sam ZiriTad<br />
jgufs:<br />
� informaciis miwodebis gaumjobeseba adamianis uflebebisa da maTi<br />
arsis Sesaxeb, raTa xalxma TvalnaTliv dainaxos adamianis<br />
uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebi;<br />
� adamianis uflebebis dacvisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba da codnis miReba;<br />
� adamianis uflebebisadmi pativiscemis damkvidreba, raTa Segnebulad<br />
ar iqnas darRveuli sxvebis uflebebi.<br />
? ra problema awuxebT yvelaze metad axalgazrdebs, romlebTanac Tqven<br />
muSaobT?<br />
codna, unar-Cvevebi da urTierTobebi<br />
ra saxis codnaa saWiro axalgazrdebisaTvis adamianis uflebebis ufro<br />
Rrmad gaazrebisaTvis? ra unar-Cvevebi da damokidebuleba moeTxovebaT maT<br />
adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi daxmarebis gasawevad? qvemoT moyvanili sia<br />
iZleva pasuxebs am SekiTxvebze. es is miznebia, romlebic Cven gamoviyeneT am<br />
saxelmZRvanelos Sesadgenad.<br />
codna da gaazreba<br />
� ZiriTadi cnebebi: Tavisufleba, samarTlianoba, Tanasworoba,<br />
adamianuri Rirseba, diskriminaciis uaryofa, demokratia,<br />
universaluroba, uflebebi, pasuxismgebloba, urTierT<br />
damokidebuleba da solidaroba.<br />
� gaazreba, rom adamianis uflebebi warmoadgenen qcevebis<br />
standartebis gamomuSavebisa da SeTanxmebis safuZvels ojaxSi,<br />
skolaSi, sazogadoebaSi da mTels msoflioSi.<br />
� adamianis uflebebis roli, maTi mniSvneloba TiToeuli pirovnebis,<br />
sazogadoebisa da mTeli msoflios adamianebis cxovrebaSi.<br />
� gansxvaveba politikur da socialur uflebebs Soris.<br />
� sxvaoba adamianis uflebaTa aRqmasa da Sefasebas Soris sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebSi, erTi da igive sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenebs Soris,<br />
maTi legitimurobis sxvadasxva wyaroebi, religiuri, moraluri da<br />
uflebrivi legitimurobis CaTvliT.<br />
� ZiriTadi socialuri problemebi, istoriuli movlenebi, da<br />
mizezebi, romlebsac mivyavarT adamianis uflebebis aRiarebamde.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiTY<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba<br />
23
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
swavlebisaTvis<br />
aRzrda adamianis uflebebis<br />
mixedviT<br />
24<br />
� adamianis uflebebis dacvis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi,<br />
kerZod, gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, gaeros<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad<br />
TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia.<br />
� lokaluri, erovnuli, saerTaSoriso struqturebi, arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi, fizikuri pirebi, romlebic muSaoben adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvisa da mxardaWerisaTvis.<br />
unar-Cvevebi<br />
� mosmenis kultura da komunikabeluroba: gansxvavebuli azrebis<br />
mosmenis, sakuTari da sxva adamianebis uflebebis dacvis unari.<br />
� kritikuli azrovneba: Sesabamisi informaciis moZieba, obieqturi<br />
monacemebis kritikulad Sefaseba, prekoncefciebisa da<br />
mikerZoebulobis aRqma, manipulaciis formebis Secnoba da<br />
racionaluri msjelobis safuZvelze gadawyvetilebis miReba.<br />
� gunduri TanamSromlobisa da konfliqtebis dadebiTad gadaWris<br />
unari.<br />
� socialuri jgufebis Seqmnisa da maTSi monawileobis unari.<br />
� adgilobriv da globalur doneze adamianis uflebebis dacva da<br />
mxardaWera.<br />
urTierTobebi da zneobrivi Rirebulebebi<br />
� sakuTar moqmedebebze pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba, miswrafeba piradi<br />
ganviTarebisa da socialuri cvlilebebisaken.<br />
� cnobismoyvareoba, gaxsnili goneba da mravalferovnebis dafaseba.<br />
� sxvebis TanagrZnoba, solidaroba, im adamianebis mxardaWera,<br />
romelTa uflebebsac safrTxe emuqreba.<br />
� adamianuri Rirsebis SegrZneba, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis<br />
pativiscema socialuri, kulturuli, enobrivi da religiuri<br />
gansxvavebis miuxedavad.<br />
� samarTlianobis grZnoba, Tavisuflebis idealebisaken swarfva,<br />
Tanasworuflebianoba da mravalferovnebis pativiscema.<br />
yovlismomcveli midgoma<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebulia yovlismomcveli midgoma adamianis<br />
uflebebis ganaTlebisadmi. pirveli amocanaa: Tanabrad movicvaT sami<br />
sxvadasxva komponenti, kerZod, codna, unar-Cvevebi da urTierTobebi. meore<br />
– savarjiSoebi, romlebic gaTvlilia farTo auditoriaze, rogorc<br />
asakobrivi, aseve formaluri, da araformaluri saganmanaTleblo<br />
seqtorebis erTdroulad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. mesame _ interaqtiuli<br />
saswavlo RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT, Cven SevecadeT dagvekavSirebina<br />
adamianis uflebebis swavleba iseT lokalur da globalur sakiTxebTan,<br />
rogorebicaa ganviTareba, garemo pirobebi, kulturaTaSorisi urTierToba<br />
da mSvidoba. ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ar unda iqnas<br />
ganxiluli, rogorc damoukidebeli disciplina.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania interaqtiuli savarjiSoebis gamoyeneba.<br />
kvlevebma aCvena, rom urTierTTanamSromlobaze agebuli patara jgufebis<br />
muSaoba ganapirobebs jgufis gundad Camoyalibebas, gamTlianebasa da jgufis<br />
wevrebs Soris mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis Semcirebas. jgufis<br />
erToblivi muSaoba xels uwyobs rTuli cnebebis gacnobierebas da<br />
aumjobesebs problemis gadaWris unars, monawileebs saSualebas aZlevs<br />
ganaviTaron da miiRon ufro praqtikuli da sazriani gadawyvetilebebi.<br />
yvela CamoTvlili Sedegi mniSvnelovan mizans warmoadgens adamianis<br />
uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi. es niSnavs, rom axalgazrdebma unda<br />
iaqtiuron swavlebis procesis yovel etapze. ar unda SeviqmnaT iluzia,<br />
rom pedagogebi vflobT erTaderT WeSmaritebas, romelic pasiur<br />
moswavleebs unda gadaeces. amgvarma midgomam adamianis uflebebis swavleba,<br />
SesaZloa, “ideologiuri” ganaTlebis yvelaze uares gamovlinebad<br />
gadaaqcios.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli meTodologiis ZiriTadi principia idea,<br />
rom axalgazrdebi nebismieri saganmanaTleblo procesisaTvis warmoadgenen<br />
simdidres, da maTi gamocdileba aqtiurad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesis sainteresod da efeqturad warmarTvis mizniT.<br />
SekiTxvebi, xSirad konfliqtebic ki, fundamenturi saganmanaTleblo<br />
resursebis TvalsazrisiT unda Sefasdes, romlebic pozitiur<br />
damokidebulebas moiTxoven.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba<br />
axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
TandaTan sul ufro met aRiarebas hpovebs azri, rom axalgazrdebis<br />
ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis sferoSi yuradReba unda mieqces ara<br />
mxolod imitom, rom es mniSvnelovania sazogadoebisaTvis, aramed<br />
imitomac, rom Tavad axalgazrdebi afaseben da saWiroeben im saqmianobas,<br />
romelsac es muSaoba moicavs. Tanamedrove axalgazrdebi, sul ufro<br />
xSirad dgebian socialuri gaucxoebis, eTnikuri, religiuri da erovnuli<br />
gansxvavebebis, progresirebadi globalizaciis upiratesobebisa da<br />
naklovanebebis pirispir. adamianis uflebebis swavleba moicavs am<br />
sakiTxebs da xels uwyobs Tanamedrove kulturuli sazogadoebis<br />
sxvadasxva Sexedulebebis, rwmenis, damokidebulebebisa da faseulobebis<br />
aRqmas, exmareba adamianebs ipovon gzebi am gansxvavebebis dadebiTi kuTxiT<br />
gamosayeneblad.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom axalgazrdebs ainteresebT adamianis<br />
uflebebi da, am TvalsazrisiT, isini warmoadgenen ganaTlebis ZiriTad<br />
resurss adamianis uflebebis sferoSi. dRes, axalgazrdebs xSirad<br />
akritikeben politikis mimarT gulgrilobisa da indeferentulobis gamo,<br />
Tumca mTeli rigi gamokvlevebi cxadyofen, rom sinamdvileSi saqme sul<br />
sxvagvaradaa. saxelmZRvanelo magaliTad, adamianis evrokomisiis uflebaTa mier ganaTlebis 2001 sferoSi wels axalgazrdebis Catarebulma monawileobiT<br />
kvlevam<br />
cxadyo, rom axalgazrdebi, asociaciebisa da axalgazrduli klubebis<br />
saxiT, xSirad monawileoben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. evrokavSiris wevr<br />
qveynebSi, saSualod, axalgazrdebis 50%-ze meti monawileobs, an<br />
gawevrianebulia raime tipis asociaciaSi (miuxedavad imisa, rom am qveynebs<br />
Soris arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi).<br />
cxovrebis mTel process,<br />
romlis saSualebiTac<br />
calkeuli adamianebi da<br />
socialuri jgufebi<br />
swavloben erovnuli da<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebebis<br />
sasargeblod maTi<br />
pirovnuli SesaZleblobebis,<br />
damokidebulebebis,<br />
midrekilebebisa da codnis<br />
gaazrebulad ganviTarebas.<br />
iuneskos rekomendacia,<br />
19 noemberi, 1974 weli<br />
“me mesmis da viviwyeb, me<br />
vxedav da vimaxsovreb, me<br />
vakeTeb da aRviqvam”.<br />
konfuci<br />
25
faseulia codnis SeZenisa da<br />
monawileTa potencialis<br />
srulad gamovlenisaTvis.”<br />
(jomtienis<br />
deklaraciidan.<br />
1990 weli)<br />
“ganaTleba aris is, rac<br />
gadarCeba mas Semdeg, rac<br />
yvelaferi Seswavlili<br />
daviwyebas miecema”<br />
b.f. skineri<br />
26<br />
rac Seexeba politikuri sakiTxebiT dainteresebas, axalgazrdebis<br />
damokidebulebis Seswavlam evrokavSiris mimarT naTelhyo, rom adamianis<br />
uflebebis sakiTxi maTi umniSvnelovanesi prioritetebis rigebSi unda<br />
veZioT. axalgazrdebs surT, rom erovnulma mTavrobebma, umuSevrobisa da<br />
danaSaulTan brZolis Semdeg, yuradReba dauTmon adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacvas, ekologias, brZolas rasizmis winaaRmdeg da genderul<br />
uTanasworobas.<br />
? adasturebs Tu ara Tqveni piradi gamocdileba, rom axalgazrdebi ar<br />
arian dainteresebuli politikiT? dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, riT aris<br />
es ganpirobebuli?<br />
msoflio gamocdilebam aCvena, rogori energiulobiTa da TavdadebiT<br />
ekidebian axalgazrdebi aRniSnul sakiTxebs, Tuki iziareben im<br />
pasuxismgeblobas, rasac akeTeben da swavloben, Tuki es sakiTxebi<br />
miwodebulia saTanado da saintereso kuTxiT.<br />
Cven, rogorc pedagogebma, unda gamoviyenoT es energia. is, rom<br />
axalgazrdebi itaceben da cxovrebaSi atareben am ideebs, naTlad Cans<br />
mravlad arsebuli axalgazrduli programis magaliTze, dawyebuli<br />
calkeuli axalgazrduli klubebiT, an skolebSi SedarebiT epizoduri<br />
xasiaTis mqone mcire masStabis saqmianobebiT, damTavrebuli evropis<br />
sabWosa da sxva organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebuli farTomasStabiani<br />
saerTaSoriso programebiT.<br />
? yvelaze metad romelma sakiTxebma SeiZleba daainteresos<br />
axalgazrduli jgufebis wevrebi?<br />
formaluri da araformaluri saganmanaTleblo garemo<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesis muSaobaSi da organizebaSi monawileebis<br />
CarTva mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli im garemoze, romelSic pedagogi<br />
muSaobs. Tavisuflebis xarisxi Sinaarsis, drois da formis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
icvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu romel saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi moqmedebT<br />
– formalurSi Tu araformalurSi. am saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili<br />
savarjiSo modelebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba nebismier konteqstSi: calkeul<br />
klubebSi, skolebSi, sazafxulo banakebSi, araformalur Sexvedrebze da a.S.<br />
araformaluri ganaTleba mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba,<br />
romlis drosac pirovnebas arsebuli resursebisa da yoveldRiuri<br />
gamocdilebis Sedegad (ojaxi, mezoblebi, bazari, biblioTeka, masmedia,<br />
samsaxuri, TamaSebi da a.S.) uyalibdeba damokidebulebebi, faseulobebi,<br />
unar-Cvevebi da codna.<br />
formaluri ganaTleba warmoadgens struqturul saganmanaTleblo<br />
sistemas dawyebiTi skoklidan universitetamde da moicavs<br />
specializirebul programebs teqnikuri da profesiuli treiningebisaTvis.<br />
gareformaluri ganaTleba niSnavs individualuri da sazogadoebrivi<br />
ganaTlebisaTvis dagegmil nebismier programas, romelic Seqmnilia<br />
axalgazrdebis unar-Cvevebisa da kompetenciebis gaumjobesebis mizniT<br />
formaluri saganmanaTleblo programis farglebs gareT.<br />
mravali axalgazrduli organizaciis da jgufis mier praqtikaSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli gareformaluri ganaTleba aris:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
“swavla is pro<br />
romelic araa d<br />
mxolod skolis<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
funqciebTan. sw<br />
koncefcia emyar<br />
da dakvirvebas,<br />
gaazrebuli swa<br />
gamocdilebis u<br />
formirdeba for<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
farglebs gareT<br />
ojaxSi, organiz<br />
biblioTekebSi...<br />
„saswavlo xide<br />
araformalizebu<br />
aRiareba da mniS<br />
axalgazrdul m<br />
doqtori pasi s
� voluntaristuli;<br />
� yvelasaTvis misawvdomi (idealur SemTxvevaSi);<br />
� saganmanaTleblo miznebis mqone organizebuli procesi;<br />
� interaqtiuli da monawileebze orientirebuli;<br />
� cxovrebiseuli unarCvevebis da aqtiuri samoqalaqo TviTSegnebis<br />
maswavlebeli;<br />
� rogorc individualuri, aseve koleqtiuri midgomis mqone jgufur<br />
swavlebaze dafuZnebuli;<br />
� erTiani da procesze orientirebuli;<br />
� gamocdilebaze da moqmedebaze dafuZnebuli, monawileebis<br />
moTxovnebze gaTvlili.<br />
formaluri, araformaluri da gareformaluri ganaTleba warmoadgens<br />
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze swavlis uwyveti procesis urTierTSemavsebel<br />
da urTierTgamaZlierebel elementebs. es saxelmZRvanelo ar aris Seqmnili,<br />
rogorc adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis “kursi” da individualuri<br />
saqmianoba, SeiZleba moxerxebulad iqnas gamoyenebuli Zalian gansxvavebul<br />
konteqstebSic ki, formalur da naklebad formalur garemoSi, regularul<br />
da araregularul bazaze.<br />
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, rogorc moqmedebis pirveli<br />
nabiji<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis centralur nawils warmoadgens<br />
kritikuli azrovnebis, konfliqtebis daregulirebis da qmedebis<br />
ganxorcielebis unaris ganviTareba. am saxelmZRvanelos miznad davsaxeT<br />
solidarobaze dafuZnebuli aqtivobis waxaliseba da adgilobriv TemTa<br />
saqmianobis organizeba. es mniSvnelovania, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa<br />
ganaTlebasTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli unar-Cvevebisa da SesaZleblobebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve adamianis uflebaTa kulturis pozitiuri<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis. axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT pirdapiri zemoqmedeba moaxdinon<br />
garemomcvel samyaroze, rac, aseve, warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos<br />
mniSvnelovan Temas. Cven calke Tavic ki davuTmeT individualuri qmedebebis<br />
ganxorcielebas (Tavi 3), romelic martivi ideebis mTeli seriaa TemSi<br />
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis warmarTvis Sesaxeb.<br />
am Tavis garda, II Tavis savarjiSoebi Seqmnilia Temis moqmedebis<br />
organizebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT. Cven SevecadeT gamogveyenebina<br />
pluralistuli midgoma da praqtikuli swavlebis principi, romelic<br />
SemoTavazebulia evropis sabWos demokratiuli samoqalaqo ganaTlebis<br />
proeqtSi. adamianis uflebaTa swavleba warmodgenilia, rogorc<br />
yoveldRiuri saqmianoba, romelic dafuZnebuli unda iyos empiriul<br />
gamocdilebaze, praqtikis saSualebiT swavlebaze da miznad isaxavdes<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
progresirebadi da cvalebadi procesis ganmavlobaSi kompetenciebisa da<br />
iniciativebis srul mobilizebas.<br />
rekomendaciebi saganmanaTleblo politikisaTvis SemuSavebuli iqna<br />
proeqtis _ “demokratiuli samoqalaqo ganaTleba – uwyveti swavlis<br />
perspeqtiva” _ mixedviT da gamiznulia Semdegi spontanuri cvlilebebis<br />
procesis mxardasaWerad:<br />
27
28<br />
� praqtikosebis uSualod CarTva saganmanaTleblo inovaciebis<br />
SemuSavebaSi, monitoringSi, realizebaSi da SefasebaSi;<br />
� konkretuli socialuri sakiTxebis gadawyvetis waxaliseba<br />
gamocdili praqtikosebis profesionalizmisa da aRmoCenebis<br />
gamoyenebiT;<br />
� aRmavali mimarTulebis saganmanaTleblo cvlilebebis waxaliseba;<br />
� ganaTlebis muSakTa ufro maRali xarisxis avtonomiis miRweva,<br />
raTa maT SeZlon qmedebaTa specifiuri formebis SemuSaveba da<br />
kavSirebis damyareba adgilobriv TemebTan, samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebasTan da socialur partniorebTan;<br />
� qseluri da erToblivi proeqtebisa da RonisZiebebis mxardaWera,<br />
praqtikosebsa da gadawyvetilebis miRebaze pasuxismgebel pirTa<br />
Soris komunikaciis damyareba.<br />
ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso mxardaWera adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
evropis sabWo<br />
evropis sabWos wevri qveynebisaTvis adamianis uflebebi bevrad ufro<br />
mets niSnavs, vidre ubralo deklaracia: adamianis uflebebi aris maTi<br />
samarTlebrivi struqturis nawili, amdenad is unda iyos axalgazrdebis<br />
ganaTlebis Semadgeneli nawili. evropulma erebma didi wvlili Seitanes<br />
20-e saukunis yvelaze mniSvnelovan deklraciaSi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb – es iyo gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 1948 wlis 10<br />
dekembers miRebuli adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia. ori wlis<br />
Semdeg miRebuli adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, romlis<br />
iurisdiqciac evropis sabWos wevr yvela saxelmwifoze vrceldeba, gaeros<br />
zemoTxsenebul dokumentis safuZvelze Tavisi principebi da ideebi Seqmna.<br />
rekomendacia # R (85) 7 evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebisadmi (miRebuli<br />
1985 wlis 14 maiss ministrTa komitetis mier) dakavSirebulia skolebSi<br />
adamianis uflebebis swavlasTan da swavlebasTan. es proeqti xazs usvams,<br />
rom yvela axalgazrdam unda miiRos codna adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi,<br />
romelic maTi momzadebis nawili unda gaxdes pluralistur demokratiul<br />
sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisaTvis. es midgoma nel-nela ikidebs fexs sxvadasxva<br />
evropul qveynebsa da organizaciebSi.<br />
1997 wlis dekemberSi luqsemburgSi evrokavSiris doneze gamarTul<br />
Sexvedraze evropis sabWom rekomendacia misca yvela saxelmwifos, rom<br />
imuSaon Semdegi mimarTulebiT:<br />
� samoqalaqo sazogadoebis rolis gaZliereba adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacvisa da damkvidrebis saqmeSi;<br />
� adgilobriv doneebze saqmianobis gaZliereba da teqnikuri<br />
daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi;<br />
� adamianis uflebebis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli treningebisa da<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebis gaZliereba<br />
axalgazrduli politika<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
1998 w. aprilSi axalgazrdobis saqmeebze pasuxismgebeli evropis<br />
ministrebi Seikribnen buqarestSi da SeaTanxmes evropis sabWos<br />
axalgazrduli politikis miznebi da amocanebi:<br />
� mxari dauWiron asociaciebsa da socialuri aqtivobis sxva saxeebs,<br />
romlebic emsaxurebian demokratiasa da pluralizms. daexmaron<br />
axalgazrdebs sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis<br />
miRebaSi;<br />
� partnioruli urTierTobebis arsebuli modelebi miusadagon<br />
socialur cvlilebebs da axalgazrdul organizaciebs, romlebic<br />
aqamde naklebad iyvnen warmodgenili. ganaviTaron axalgazrdebis<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis koncefcia;<br />
� isargeblon im fasdaudebeli wvliliT, romelic axalgazrdebs<br />
SeuZliaT Seitanon, rogorc aqtiurma, pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis<br />
mqone moqalaqeebma.<br />
� ganaviTaron samoqalaqo ganaTlebis proeqtebi, romlebic<br />
SesaZlebels gaxdis axalgazrdebis ufro swraf da efeqtur<br />
monawileobas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi arsebuli gansxvavebebis<br />
pativiscemis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
� adgilobriv da evropul doneze kompleqsuri, integrirebuli da<br />
TanmimdevrobiTi axalgazrduli politikis gatareba adamianis<br />
uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis principebze dayrdnobiT.<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia<br />
1994 wlis dekemberSi gaeros generalurma asambleam oficialurad<br />
gamoacxada 1995-2004 wlebi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis<br />
dekadad. aRniSnuli mohyva 1993 wels venaSi, adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
Catarebul msoflio konferenciis rekomendacias, romelic acxadebda rom<br />
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, kadrebis momzadeba da sazogadoebis<br />
informirebuloba gadamwyvet rols asrulebs sazogadoebebs Soris<br />
stabiluri da harmoniuli urTierTobebis CamoyalibebaSi, urTierTgagebis,<br />
tolerantobisa da mSvidobis ganmtkicebaSi. venis konferenciam SeimuSava<br />
rekomendacia, rom `saxelmwifoebma yvela Rone unda ixmaron ucodinarobis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad da mimarTon ganaTleba adamianis pirovnuli potencialis<br />
srulad ganviTarebisaken, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa<br />
dacvis gaZlierebisaken”. konferenciam mouwoda yvela saxelmwifos da<br />
instituts, rom adamianis uflebebi, humanitaruli iurisprudencia,<br />
demokratia da marTlwesrigi SeetanaT saswavlo programebSi, rogorc<br />
calke sagnebi formalur da araformalizebul saswavlo seqtorebSi.<br />
gaerom sakuTar Tavze aiRo am funqciis amocanis Sesruleba.<br />
gaeros ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizacia (iunesko)<br />
Tanamedrove sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mzardi mravalkulturuli<br />
da gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobis mqone buneba. “erTad cxovrebis swavlis”<br />
mniSvneloba, rogorc erTian, aseve gansxvavebuli sazogadoebebis<br />
farglebSi, ganaTlebis arsis centraluri nawilia – “saWiro utopia”,<br />
romelic 1996 wels iuneskos XXI saukunis ganaTlebis sferos Sesaxeb<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
29
gakeTebul moxsenebaSi iyo rekomendirebuli. adamianis uflebebi iuneskos<br />
moxsenebaSi aRwerili koncefciis safuZvels warmoadgens. magaliTad, maSin,<br />
rodesac saqme exeba konfliqtebSi mediatoris rolis Sesrulebas da<br />
problemebis gaanalizebis dros saerTo persepeqtivebis danaxvas da<br />
momavlis mimarTulebebis gansazRvras. umTavresi mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
cvilebebis miRwevas mSvidobiani gziT, romelic upirvelesi zrunvis<br />
sagania, rogorc erovnuli, aseve saerTaSoriso masStabiT. man wamyvani<br />
roli unda iTamaSos saganmanaTleblo sferoSi.<br />
literaturis sia:<br />
Dr. Pasi sahlberg, Building Bridges For Learning – The Recognition and Value of Non-Formal Education in Youth Activity,<br />
ganaTlebis erovnuli komitetis (fineTi) da evropis axalgazrduli forumis kvleva, 1999, dekemberi<br />
Staying Alive, evropis xalgazrduli forumis sainformacio moxseneba generaluri asambleisTvis, 2000<br />
Chisholm Lynne, Towards a revitalisation of non-formal learning for a changing Europe, araformaluri ganaTlebis simpoziumis<br />
angariSi, evropis sabWos axalgazrduli saqmeebis da sportis direqtorati, 2000<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba da sxva saganmanaTleblo sferoebi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samyaro<br />
adamianis uflebebis<br />
swavleba da ganaTlebis<br />
sxva sferoebi<br />
adamianis uflebebi gavlenas axdenen Cveni cxovrebis yvela aspeqtze.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa darRveva, TiTqmis yvela problemis safuZvelia<br />
dRevandel msoflioSi: Zaladobis, siRaribis, globalizaciis, ekologiis,<br />
30 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
nis uflebebis<br />
veva _ mTeli<br />
bis uflebebis<br />
dakninebaa.”<br />
jon kenedi<br />
ekonomikuri uTanasworobisa da ukanonobis, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT omebze<br />
da konfliqtebze, romlebic boboqroben msoflios zogierT regionSi.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis uflebebis Tavdapirveli arsi<br />
Semoifargleboda samoqalaqo da politikuri sferoebiT, dRes isini ukve<br />
moicaven socialur, kulturul da ekonomikur sakiTxebsac. amJamad xalxi<br />
laparakobs uflebaTa mesame Taobaze, romelic exeba koleqtiur uflebebs<br />
da kacobriobis momavali Taobebis beds. yvelafer amas didi gavlena aqvs im<br />
samuSaoze, romelsac pedagogebi vasrulebT da mianiSnebs, rom ganaTleba<br />
exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa globalizacia, ekologia, mSvidoba da<br />
kulturaTaSorisi urTierToba. isini sxva sakiTxebTan erTad warmoadgenen<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis formebs, dakavSirebuli arian adamianis<br />
uflebebTan da ayalibeben kulturas, romelic efuZneba maTdami<br />
pativsicemas.<br />
? ra iyo Tqven qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ukanaskneli<br />
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdari yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvlileba?<br />
am saxelmZRvaneloSi Cven vecadeT SevxebodiT adamianis uflebebTan<br />
dakavSirebul sakiTxTa srul speqtrs. mimdinare TavSi ganvixilavT gzas,<br />
romelic am sakiTxebs, ganaTlebis sxva sferoebTan akavSirebs. kerZod,<br />
samoqalaqo, ekologiuri, mSvidobis sferoSi da a.S. nebismieri pirovneba,<br />
vinc misdevs ganaTlebis ama Tu im formas, Cveni wignis furclebze ipovis<br />
misTvis saintereso sakiTxebs.<br />
ras niSnavs “adamianis uflebaTa problema”?<br />
TiTqmis yvela sakiTxi, romelic uflebaTa darRvevas Seexeba, SeiZleba<br />
iwodebodes adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxad. saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba<br />
dResdReobiT cnobs uflebaTa sam sxvadasxva Taobas, romlebic moicaven<br />
adamianis moRvaweobis sxvasaxva sferoebs.<br />
pirveli Taobis uflebebi (Tavisuflebis uflebebi)<br />
moicaven samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs – rogorebicaa azris<br />
Tavisufleba, asociaciaTa Tavisufleba, sicocxlis ufleba, samarTliani<br />
sasamarTlos ufleba, sazogadoebis politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis<br />
ufleba, da a.S. tradiciulad, es sakiTxebi (da ara marto es sakiTxebi)<br />
ganixileba formalur saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi sazogadoebaTmcodneobis,<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis, politikuri mecnierebebis ganaTlebisa,<br />
demokratiisa da samarTlis swavlebis kursebze.<br />
meore Taobis uflebebi (Tanasworobis uflebebi ufleba)<br />
moicaven socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul uflebebs, rogoricaa<br />
cxovrebis normaluri pirobebis qonis ufleba, muSaobis ufleba,<br />
profkavSirebSi gaerTianebis ufleba, janmrTelobis ufleba da ganaTlebis<br />
ufleba. formaluri ganaTlebis sistemaSi am sakiTxebs Temebs ar eqceva<br />
saTanado yuradReba. magaliTad, ekonomikur ganaTlebaSi am sakiTxebs<br />
iSviaTad ganixilaven, Tumca, arsebobs mosazreba, rom es mcdari azria.<br />
aRniSnuli sakiTxebi xSirad ganixileba naklebad formaluri klasgareSe<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
31
muSaobisas, romlebsac mcire jgufebTan muSaobisas, an socialuri da<br />
janmrTelobis programebis swavlebis procesSi, axorcieleben skolebi an<br />
axalgazrduli jgufebi. miuxedavad amisa, farTo aRiareba moipova aRiarebas<br />
imkvidrebs mosazrebam, rom meore Taobis uflebebi iseve mniSvnelovania<br />
samoqalaqo aRzrdisaTvis, rogorc tradiciulad miRebuli pirveli Taobis<br />
uflebebi, rac sruliad samarTliania.<br />
mesame Taobis uflebebi (solidarobis uflebebi)<br />
am uflebebs xSirad uwodeben “ganviTarebad” uflebebs, radganac isini<br />
jer kidev aRiarebisa da damkvidrebis procesSi imyofebian. isini<br />
ganekuTvnebian sazogadoebis an xalxebis koleqtiur uflebebs, rogoricaa<br />
myari ganviTarebis, mSvidobis, an janmrTeli garemos ufleba. am sakiTxebs<br />
konkretulad Seiswavlis, magaliTad, ekologiuri ganaTleba, mSvidobis<br />
problemebisa da ganviTarebis swavleba.<br />
(ufro dawvrilebiTi informacia uflebaTa sxvadasxva Taobebis Sesaxeb<br />
SegiZliaT ixiloT me-4 TavSi)<br />
? Tqvens jgufSi ganxilul sakiTxTa Soris, iyo Tu ara sakiTxi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb?<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi gaSuqebuli sakiTxebi<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia 16 Tema, romlebic dakavSirebuli arian<br />
adamianis uflebaTa problemebTan. TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba pirdapir<br />
iyos dakavSirebuli uflebaTa erT an ramdenime TaobasTan.<br />
� adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
� bavSvebi<br />
� moqalaqeoba<br />
� demokratia<br />
� diskriminacia da qsenofobia<br />
� ganaTleba<br />
� ekologia<br />
� genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
� globalizacia<br />
� janmrTeloba<br />
� pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
� media<br />
� mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
� siRaribe<br />
� socialuri uflebebi<br />
� sporti<br />
am sakiTxebidan Temebidan yvela Tanabrad mniSvnelovania. isini imdenad<br />
mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rom erTi sakiTxis ganxilvisas<br />
TavisTavad vexebiT meores. es im faqtis uSualo Sedegia, rom adamianis<br />
uflebebi aris ganuyofeli, urTierTdamokidebuli da<br />
urTierTdakavSirebuli. maTi izolirebulad ganxilva SeuZlebelia,<br />
radganac yvela erTmaneTTan uSualo kavSirSia. am gverdze mocemuli<br />
32 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
diagrama warmoadgens uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis ilustracias.<br />
sxva magaliTebis moyvanac SeiZleboda: Temebi, romlebic gareTa wres<br />
Seadgenen, spontanurad SeiZleba Seicvalos. miuxedavad amisa, kavSirebi<br />
ucvleli darCeba. gareTa wreebis Temebi iseve gadaedinebian erTmaneTSi,<br />
rogorc centralur wreSi asaxuli saganmanaTleblo sferoebi erwymian<br />
urTierTs. zRvari pirvel, meore da mesame Taobis uflebebs Soris ar aris<br />
mkveTrad gamoyofili. magaliTad, ganaTleba tradiciulad<br />
klasificirebulia, rogorc meore Taobis ufleba, magram is iseve<br />
aucilebelia efeqturi politikuri aqtivobisaTvis (pirveli Taobis<br />
ufleba) da myari ganviTarebisaTvis (mesame Taobis ufleba).<br />
Sesabamisad qvemoT moyvanili analizi ganxilul unda iqnas, rogorc<br />
mraval magaliTebs Soris erT-erTi. is gvexmareba movaxdinoT im gzebis<br />
ilustrireba, romelTa saSualebiTac gansxvavebuli Temebi dakavSirebulia<br />
gansxvavebul saganmanaTleblo sferoebTan, da aseve vaCvenoT, rogor<br />
gadakveTs es sferoebi erTmaneTs.<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTleba<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTleba xels uwyobs axalgazrdebis aqtiur da<br />
pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqalaqeebad aRzrdas. 1997 wels evropis sabWom<br />
SeimuSava demokratiuli samoqalaqo ganaTlebis proeqti. 2000 wlis<br />
ivnisis moxseneba xazs usvams socialuri samarTlianobisa da samoqalaqo<br />
Tanasworuflebianobis mniSvnelobas. T. h. marSali Tavis wignSi<br />
“moqalaqeoba da socialuri klasi” (kembrijis universitetis gamocema,<br />
1950) gamoTqvams azrs, rom moqalaqeoba mxolod maSin SeiZleba iyos<br />
efeqturi, rodesac is misawvdoms xdis uflebaTa sam ZiriTad tips. aqedan<br />
gamomdenare igi gansazRvravs moqalaqeobis sam komponents:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
33
“yovel adamians ufleba aqvs<br />
Tavisuflad monawileobdes<br />
sazogadoebis kulturul<br />
cxovrebaSi, tkbebodes<br />
xelovnebiT, monawileobdes<br />
mecnierul progresSi da<br />
sargeblobdes misi sikeTiT”.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaracia<br />
muxli 27<br />
dRes yvelaze didi boroteba<br />
gulgrilobaa. icode da ar<br />
imoqmedo, niSnavs Seeguo<br />
usamarTlobas. dedamiwa<br />
Zalze patara gaxda. is, rac<br />
sxva qveynebSi xdeba, Cvenc<br />
gvexeba”<br />
eli vizeli<br />
34<br />
� samoqalaqo komponents, romelic moicavs pirovnuli Tavisuflebis<br />
uflebebs.<br />
� politikur komponents, magaliTad, politikuri Zalauflebis<br />
ganxorcielebaSi monawileobis ufleba da saparlamento<br />
struqturebSi kenWisyrasa da arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
� socialur komponents, romelic dakavSirebulia Rirseuli<br />
cxovrebis uflebasTan da ganaTlebis, samedicino momsaxurebis,<br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebisa da minimaluri Semosavlis miRebis Tanabar<br />
uflebasTan.<br />
individualuri da socialuri ganaTleba<br />
bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs ganaTlebis formebi, romlebic ganixilaven<br />
pirovnebis rols sazogadoebaSi da xels uwyoben axalgazrdebs moemzadon<br />
im piradi problemebis gadaWrisaTvis, romlebic maT momavalSi SexvdebaT.<br />
ganaTlebis es mimarTuleba SesaZloa gadaikveTos moqalaqeobis TemasTan,<br />
magram SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos adamianis pirad cxovrebasTan sportis,<br />
klubebisa da asociaciebis, musikis, xelovnebis an kulturis sxva formebis<br />
CaTvliT. aseTi ganaTleba SeiZleba moicavdes pirad urTierTobebsac.<br />
adamianis uflebebi am sakiTxebSi ori mimarTulebiT ganixileba: pirveli,<br />
pirad ganviTarebas da pirad urTierTobebs aqvT moraluri da socialuri<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic unda Sefasdes adamianis uflebebis poziciidan da<br />
meore, kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis miReba aRiarebulia adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciisa da sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis<br />
mier. Tuki im axalgazrdebs, romlebTanac Tqven muSaobT, aqvT es uflebebi,<br />
msoflioSi arsebobs uamravi adamiani, romelic moklebulia aseT uflebebs.<br />
univesaluri faseulobebisa da moralis normebis swavleba<br />
moralis normebis swavleba mravali qveynis skolebis saswavlo<br />
programebis saerTo nawilia, magram is xalxSi yovelTvis iwvevs ori<br />
saxis kiTxvas: rogori faseulobebis swavleba unda iyos amgvari ganaTlebis<br />
mizani, da, rogor davrwmundeT, rom es faseulobebi miesadageba konkretul<br />
kulturas. am problemas adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe<br />
bevri adamiani awydeba. adamianis uflebebi mosaxerxebel instruments<br />
warmoadgens maT gadasawyvetad. adamianis uflebebi ara marto emyareba im<br />
faseulobebs, romelic saerToa yvela didi religiisa da kulturisaTvis,<br />
aramed isini aRiarebulia, rogorc universaluri msoflios TiTqmis yvela<br />
qveynis mier. aravis gakritikeba ar SeiZleba adamianis uflebaTa<br />
faseulobebis swavlebis gamo!<br />
globaluri ganaTleba<br />
globalizacia axalgazrdebis azrovnebaSi pirvel planze wamoweuli<br />
sakiTxia da Cven is calke Temad CavrTeT am saxelmZRvaneloSi.<br />
globalizaciis zogadi arsi tradiciulad exeba samuSaos, romelic<br />
ganixilavs arsebobis sxvadasxva formebs da qcevis modelebs mTels<br />
msoflioSi. ganaTlebis aseTi forma Zalze mniSvnelovania, radganac igi<br />
Seiswavlis ara mxolod adamianis adgils, misi Temis an sazogadoebis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
farglebSi, aramed mTlianad msoflioSi. globaluri ganaTleba SeiZleba<br />
gamoyebeuli iqnas adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi<br />
sakiTxebis wamosaWrelad da SeuZlia Tvali auxilos xalxs msoflios<br />
sxvadasxva adgilas wertilSi Cadenil uflebaTa darRvevebze. aseTi<br />
ganaTleba exmareba axalgazrdebs maTi qmedebebis gavlenis SefasebaSi da<br />
piradi pasuxismegoblobis grZnobis gamomuSavebaSi.<br />
globaluri ganaTlebis instituti, gaeros arakomerciuli<br />
arasamTavrobo organizacia, daarsda 1984 wels, rogorc msoflios<br />
mSvidobis universiteti. instituti Tavis miznad acxadebs, “wvlili<br />
Seitanos iseTi samyaros SeqmnaSi, sadac sakmarisi sakvebi da mSvidoba<br />
cxovrebis wesad iqneba qceuli, sadac iarsebebs ekologiaze<br />
pasuxismgebloba, sadac socialuri samarTlianoba dominanturi iqneba da<br />
pirovneba miaRwevs TviTrealizaciis umaRles xarisxs”.<br />
kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba<br />
globalur ganaTlebasa da kulturaTaSoris ganaTlebas Soris arsebobs<br />
bunebrivi kavSiri, romelic Seiswavlis Cvens damokidebulebas da<br />
urTierTobas sxva kulturebis, sazogadoebebisa da socialuri jgufebis<br />
mimarT. dRes yovel sazogadoebas axasiaTebs mravalkulturulobis da<br />
kulturuli mravalferovnebis mzardi done, rac gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovans xdis umciresobaTa uflebebis aRiarebasa da dacvas. Cven<br />
iZulebuli varT, dadavafasoT erovnuli sazogadoebis, rogorc<br />
kulturologiurad homogenuri erTeulis Zveli gageba. evropuli<br />
integraciis ormagma procesma, msoflios sxvadasxva regionebis mzard<br />
ekonomikur da socialur urTierTdamokidebulebebTan erTad, aseTi<br />
koncefciebi moZvelebuli gaxada. msoflios im adgilebSic ki, romlebsac<br />
ar exebaT imigraciis nakadi, konfliqtebis kvali xSirad midis erTi<br />
sazogadebis farglebSi urTierTgagebis deficitamde. konfliqtebi<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, yofil iugoslaviaSi da kavkasiis zogierT regionSi<br />
ucxo kulturasTan urTierTobisa da pativiscemis SeuZleblobis samwuxaro<br />
ilustraciaa.<br />
garda amisa, kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba efeqturi gzaa<br />
Tanamedroveobis iseT movlenaTa gadasalaxad, rogorebicaa rasizmi,<br />
rasobrivi diskriminacia da tolerantuloba.<br />
evropis sabWos axalgazrduli saqmeebis da sportis direqtorati did<br />
yuradRebas uTmobs kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis sferos, gansakuTrebiT<br />
axalgazrduli centrebisa da fondis saSualebiT. kampania _ “yvela<br />
gansxvavebuli – yvela Tanaswori” rasizmis, qsenofobiis, antisemitizmis da<br />
Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg umciresobebis mimarT rasobrivi SuRlisa da<br />
aratolerantulobis gamovlinebis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis iqna dawyebuli.<br />
kampaniis mizani iyo “xalxis daaxloeba da damatebiTi stimulis micema<br />
Seuwynareblobis yvela formis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis”.<br />
saganmanaTleblo paketi “yvela gansxvavebuli – yvela Tanaswori”<br />
Seqmnili iyo axalgazrda porfesionalebis da pedagogebis dasaxmareblad,<br />
raTa maT wvlili SeetanaT kampaniaSi. man gansazRvra kulturaTaSorisi<br />
ganaTlebis ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
yvela gansxvavebuli, magram<br />
ara gulgrili!<br />
35
“kulturaTaSorisi ganaTleba<br />
gvTavazobs urTierTobebis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da barierebis<br />
mosxnis procesebs”<br />
saganmanaTleblo paketi<br />
“yvela gansxvavebuli – yvela<br />
Tanaswori”<br />
� daxmareboda axalgazrdebs uTanasworobis, usamarTlobis, rasizmis,<br />
stereotipebisa da prekoncefciebis Secnobis unaris ganviTarebaSi;<br />
da<br />
� mieca maTTvis codna da unari, romlebic daexmarebaT win aRudgnen<br />
aseT movlenebs, rodesac maT pirad cxovrebaSi Sexvdebian.<br />
kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis principebi da miznebi, SesaZloa, miRweul<br />
iqnas kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis sxvadasxva xerxebiT. kulturaTaSorisi<br />
ganaTleba, _ es aris termini, romelic ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba<br />
araformalizebuli ganaTlebis seqtorSi, gansakuTrebiT evropis<br />
axalgazrdul qselSi.<br />
antirasistuli ganaTleba<br />
antirasistuli ganaTleba aTvlis wertilad iRebs Teziss, rom Cven<br />
vcxovrobT mravalkulturul da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, sadac yovel<br />
moqalaqes Tanasworobisa da samarTlianobis ufleba aqvs miniWebuli. Tumca,<br />
igi acnobierebs rasizmisa da rasobrivi damokidebulebebis realurad<br />
arsebobas Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi da im gavlenas, romlis moxdenac mas<br />
SeuZlia Savkanian moswavleebze - rogorc maTTvis saganmanaTleblo<br />
procesSi negatiuri gamocdilebis miRebis, aseve maTTvis momaval<br />
cxovrebaSi Sansebis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT. antirasistuli ganaTleba<br />
cdilobs aRmofxvras rasizmi, rasisituli gamoTqmebi da praqtika, rogorc<br />
individualur, aseve institucionalur doneze da Tanamedrove<br />
sazogadoebaSi gazardos zogadi informirebuloba rasizmis mavne<br />
zemoqmedebebis Sesaxeb. antirasistuli ganaTleba miznad isaxavs<br />
mravalrasobrivi da urTierTdamokidebuli sazogadoebebis Seqmnas, sadac<br />
yvela moqalaqis ufleba gaTvaliswinebuli da daculia.<br />
ganviTarebis problemebis swavleba<br />
ganviTarebis problemebis swavleba mWidro kavSirSia globalur<br />
ganaTlebasTan, magram garkveul aqcents akeTebs mesame Taobis uflebebze –<br />
rogoricaa: myari ganviTareba, ufleba jansaR garemo pirobebze da<br />
mSvidobis ufleba. prioritetulad miiCnevs, aseve, sakiTxebs, romlebic<br />
gansxvavebuli sazogadoebebis urTierTobasa da ganviTarebis meTodebs exeba.<br />
amitomac davakavSireT is diagramaze kulturaTaSoris ganaTlebasTan.<br />
amgvarad, ganviTarebis problemebis Seswavla integraluri procesia, im<br />
gagebiT, rom igi dafuZnebulia msoflios xedvaze, rogorc erT,<br />
urTierTdakavSirebul mTlianobaze da orientirebulia momavalze.<br />
„ganviTarebis problemebis swavlebis asociacia“ aris britanuli<br />
organizacia, romelic TiTqmis 10 welia am sferoSi moRvaweobs. is<br />
ganviTarebis problemebis swavlebas ganmartavs, rogorc uwyveti swavlis<br />
porcess, romelic:<br />
� Seiswavlis CrdiloeTis “ganviTarebul” qveynebSi mcxovreb<br />
adamianTa kavSirebs “ganviTarebad” samxreTSi mcxovreb xalxTan.<br />
amiT saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs gaiazron kavSirebi maT<br />
cxovrebasa da msoflios sxva regionebSi mcxovreb xalxs Soris;<br />
� zrdis ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri Zalebis azris<br />
gagebas, romlebic gavlenas axdenen Cveni cxovrebis formirebaze;<br />
36 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
� anviTarebs unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebebsa da faseulobebs,<br />
romlebic saSualebas aZlevs xalxs erTad imuSaon cvlilebebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad da flobdnen TavianTi cxovrebis sadaveebs.<br />
ekologiuri ganaTleba<br />
myari ganviTarebis meTodebis Zebna, ganviTarebis problemebis swavlebis<br />
erT-erT ZiriTad mizans waromoadgens, da, bunebrivia, dagvafiqrebs garemo<br />
pirobebis momaval mdgomareobaze. am TvalsazrisiT, ekonomikur<br />
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad<br />
qveynebSi, unda dabalansdes imasTan mimarTebaSi, Tu ra fasad ujdeba es<br />
kacobriobas da garemomcvel bunebas. ekologiuri ganaTleba miznad isaxavs<br />
am sakiTxebis gamotanas sazogadoebis samsjavroze, dedamiwis bunebriv<br />
resursebze zrunvasa da maTdami pativiscemis grZnobis gaZlierebas.<br />
igi ukavSirdeba, agreTve, adamianis uflebaTa problemebs. imis gamo,<br />
rom kacobriobis cxovreba damokidebulia jansaR da myar garemo pirobebze,<br />
amitom msoflios xalxebis da momavali Taobebis uflebebze zrunvas,<br />
ekologiis sakiTxebi gadmoaqvs wina planze. dRes ukve saubroben adamianis<br />
ekologiuri uflebebis, rogorc uflebaTa calke kategoriis, aRiarebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
ganaTleba mSvidobis kulturis sferoSi<br />
msoflios bunebrivi resursebi ar aris Tanabrad gadanawilebuli. isini<br />
yovelTvis iyvnen da eWvgareSea, rom kvlavac darCebian sastiki<br />
konfliqtebis erT-erTi wyaro sxvadasxva adamianebsa da sazogadoebebs<br />
Soris. samwuxarod, arsebobs konfliqtis bevri sxva wyaroc. mSvidobis<br />
kulturis ganaTlebis sferoSi moRvawe profesionalebi, SeiZleba,<br />
dainteresebulni iyvnen dedamiwis bunebrivi simdidreebis racionaluri da<br />
Tanabari gadanawilebiT, rogorc konfliqtebis gadaWris erT-erT<br />
saSualebiT magram, rogorc Cans, maT mTeli yuradReba gadatanili aqvT<br />
Tavad konfliqtebze da ara maT gamomwvev mizezebze. ganaTleba mSvidobis<br />
kulturis sferoSi damyarebulia mSvidobis koncefciaze, romelic ufro<br />
mets warmoadgens, vidre ubralod omis ararseboba: mSvidobis miRweva<br />
SesaZloa samarTlianobis gzebis ZiebiT da eqspluataciisa da<br />
usamarTlobis gamomwvevi mizezebis gaazrebiT.<br />
mxolod cota adamians Tu sWirdeba mSvidobis kulturis sferoSi<br />
ganaTlebis saWiroebis axsna konfliqtebis ukeTesad gagebis, adamianTa<br />
Soris pativiscemis damkvidrebis (rac amcirebs konfliqtebis aRmocenebis<br />
albaTobas) da potenciurad saSiSi situaciebis mSvidobianad<br />
daregulirebis unarCvevebis ganviTarebis mizniT. msoflios sWirdeba<br />
sicocxlis WeSmariti ufleba yvelasaTvis da WeSmariti pativiscema yvelas<br />
mimarT, maTi CaTvliT, visac Secdomebi gvaqvs daSvebuli. tolerantobis,<br />
kulturaTaSorisi gagebis Sesaxeb swavleba da mTlianobaSi ganaTleba<br />
adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa universaluri bunebis Sesaxeb unda iyos am<br />
miznisaken mimavali mniSvnelovani gza.<br />
2002 – 2010 wlebi gamocxadda mSvidobis kulturis da msoflios<br />
bavSvTa mimarT ara-Zaladobis saerTaSoriso dekadad (UN Doc. A/RES/53/25).<br />
iuneskos mxardaWeriT daarsebuli mSvidobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
“ganaTlebam unda gaaRrmavos<br />
saTanado individis<br />
inteleqtualuri da<br />
emociuri ganviTareba. unda<br />
ganaviTaros socialuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobis da<br />
naklebad privilegirebuli<br />
jgufebis mimarT<br />
solidarobis grZnoba da<br />
unda migviyvanos<br />
Tanasworobis prncipebis<br />
dacvamde yoveldRiur<br />
qcevaSi.”<br />
iuneskos rekomendacia<br />
saerTaSoriso gagebis,<br />
TanamSromlobisa da<br />
mSvidobis Sesaxeb da<br />
adamianis uflebebTan da<br />
ZiriTad TavisuflebebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
“ar arsebobs gza<br />
mSvidobisaken. mSvidoba Tavad<br />
aris gza”.<br />
m.k. gandi<br />
37
38<br />
asociaciaSi arsebobs mSvidobis ganaTlebis komiteti, romelic aerTianebs<br />
mSvidobis kulturis dasamkvidreblad moRvawe profesionalebs.<br />
samarTlebrivi ganaTleba<br />
igi, albaT, yvelaze “formaluria” ganaTlebis im sferoebs Soris,<br />
romlebic aqamde ganvixileT, magram iuridiuli ganaTleba ar niSnavs<br />
mxolod arsebuli kanonebis Seswavlas, is aseve gulisxmobs kanonis<br />
uzenaesobis da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi<br />
deklarirebuli samarTlianobis ZiriTadi principebis mimarT pativiscemis<br />
damkvidrebas.<br />
kavSiri iuridiul ganaTlebasa da adamianis uflebebs Soris SeiZleba<br />
damyardes or sxvadasxva doneze: pirvelia specifiuri “iuridiuli”<br />
uflebebi, romlebic icaven individs mikerZoebuli sasamarTlo<br />
procesebisagan da meore, maTi dacva saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis doneze.<br />
gaeros struqturebi, evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo da sxva<br />
regionaluri organizaciebi is iuridiuli institutebia, romlebic<br />
arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad. magram, Cven unda gvqondes<br />
informacia maT Sesaxeb da SegveZlos maTi gamoyeneba, Tu gvinda rom isini<br />
efeqturi iyos am miznis misaRwevad. isini Tavad ar mogvakiTxaven.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s gamoyeneba evropis sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebSi<br />
ra aris evropa da sad mdebareobs igi?<br />
istorikosebis cnobiT antikur saberZneTSi evropad iTvleboda mxolod<br />
is nawili, romelic dRes balkaneTis saxeliTaa cnobili. amJamad evropa<br />
bevrad ufro vrcel teritorias moicavs, magram zusti sazRvrebis dadgena<br />
arc ise advilia.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT
politikuri evropa moicavs 10 milion kvadratul kilometrze met<br />
miwis farTobs da gadadis geografiuli aziis teritoriul sazRvrebSi.<br />
kontinentis klimati meryeobs subtropikulidan (samxreT regionebi)<br />
polarulamde (CrdiloeT regionebi). evropa 200-ze meti cocxali enisa da<br />
kidev ufro met enaze molaparake adamianebis samSobloa. is moicavs<br />
daaxloebiT 50 saxelmwifos, romelTa mTliani mosaxleoba TiTqmis 800<br />
milions Seadgens.<br />
evropis teritoriaze msoflios yvela ZiriTadi religiis<br />
warmomadgeneli cxovrobs. es kontinenti asocirebulia rogorc<br />
demokratiis dabadebasTan, aseve faSizmisa da totalitarizmis yvelaze<br />
uares gamovlinebebTan, rac ki msoflios odesme unaxavs. evropas axsovs<br />
ebraelTa ganadgureba, kolonializmi da monoba, dRes ki evropaSi iseTi<br />
raodenobis birTvuli iaraRia Tavmoyrili, romelic sakmarisia dedamiwaze<br />
sicocxlis gasanadgureblad. miuxedavad amisa, evropaSi yovelwliurad<br />
imarTeba nobelis premiiT dajildoebis ceremoniali da daarsda adamianis<br />
uflebaTa mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romelic aRiarebulia mTels<br />
msoflioSi.<br />
evropis qveynebi<br />
dResdReobiT, evropuli saxelmwifoebis ojaxSi zogierTi qveyana jer<br />
arsebobis 10 welze naklebs iTvlis, zogi TiTqmis ucvlelad inarCunebs<br />
sazRvrebs aseulobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi, zogi ki konfliqtebis fonze<br />
dResac cvlilebebis procesSia. amgvarad, evropaSi arseboben xalxebi,<br />
romlebic regularulad, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi xvdebian Zaladobas maSin,<br />
rodesac amave kontinentze sxvebi mSvidobianad, usafrTxod da, xSirad,<br />
uzrunvelad cxovroben.<br />
? ris safuZvelze iTvleba qveyana “evropulad”?<br />
evropis yvela qveyanaSi arseboben milionerebi, xolo milionobiT<br />
adamiani siRaribis zRvars qvemoT cxovrobs. ramdenadac mravalferovania<br />
evropis kontinenti, imdenad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan evropis qveynebi.<br />
maswavleblis dRiuri xelfasi evropis erT nawilSi SeiZleba ufro meti<br />
iyos, vidre evropis sxva wertilSi momuSave misi kolegis Tviuri<br />
gamomuSaveba, xolo evropis sxva regionSi maswavlebelma SeiZleba saerTod<br />
ver miiRos xelfasi Tveebis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
evropa, WeSmaritad, mravalferovania.<br />
erTi evropa? ori ...?<br />
SeiZleba gavamartivoT sakiTxi da vTqvaT, rom arsebobs dasavleT da<br />
aRmosavleT evropa? an CrdiloeT da samxreT evropa? maSin, sad mdebareods<br />
centraluri evropa?<br />
SeiZleba davyoT igi qristianul da musulmanur evropad an mdidar da<br />
Rarib evropad? mSvidobian da saomar procesebSi CarTul evropad?<br />
demokratiul evropad da totalitarizmisagan dauZlurebul evropad...<br />
memarcxene da memarjvene, amerikanizebul da gasabWoebul evropad?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT<br />
39
40<br />
? evropis romel “nawils” ekuTvniT Tqven? xarT evropis am<br />
regionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipiuri evropeli?<br />
Tuki TvliT, rom Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli evropis dayofa<br />
Seesabameba realobas, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, sasargebloa konkretuli<br />
saWiroebebis gansazRvrisaTvis am dayofaTa sxvadasxva mxares, maSin<br />
daufiqrdiT, rogor SeiZleba aseT zogad kategoriebSi moTavsdes qvemoT<br />
moyvanili jgufebi. pasuxobs adamianebis moTxovnilebebi evropis im<br />
qveynebis an regionebis “stereotipebs”, romlebSic isini cxovroben?<br />
� biznesmenebi balkaneTSi.<br />
� bengaluri Temebi aRmosavleT londonSi.<br />
� baskeTSi an CrdiloeT irlandiaSi mcxovrebi, teroristuli<br />
ZaladobiT gatanjuli xalxi.<br />
� klimatze damokidebuli mTiani regionebis fermerebi espaneTSi,<br />
italiaSi, rumineTSi da saqarTveloSi.<br />
� boSebi ungreTSi, slovakeTSi, saberZneTSi an safrangeTSi.<br />
� islamofobebi an antisemitebi germaniaSi, ruseTSi, litvaSi,<br />
SvedeTSi, poloneTSi da kontinentis sxva qveynebSi.<br />
� meTevzeTa dasaxlebebi SotlandiaSi, norvegiaSi, xorvatiasa da<br />
estoneTSi.<br />
� imigranti muSebi belgiasa da fineTSi.<br />
� ltolvilebi da politikuri TavSesafris maZieblebi ukrainasa da<br />
poloneTSi.<br />
� musulmanebi, politikosebi, adamianis uflebaTa aqtivistebi,<br />
maswavleblebi, axalgazrdebis liderebi, dablebi, melotebi,<br />
bavSviani da ubavSvo qalebi.<br />
aseTi magaliTebi adastureben, rom evropis aranairi dayofa araa<br />
absoluturi imisaTvis, raTa adeqvaturad moxdes TiToeuli qveynis,<br />
sazogadoebisa da pirovnebis mravalaspeqtiani bunebis aRwera. evropis<br />
masStabiT arsebobs garkveuli saerTo saWiroebebi, magram arsebobs amave<br />
raodenobis gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi TiToeuli Temis farglebSi, TiToeul<br />
konkretul saxelmwifoSi. evropa da misi Semadgeneli qveynebi warmoadgenen<br />
socialuri da kulturuli mravalferovnebis mikrosamyaros.<br />
wigni evropisaTvis?<br />
maSin ra saWiroa erTi saxelmZRvanelo mTeli evropisaTvis? SeZlebs is<br />
pasuxi gasces daakmayofilos yvelas moTxovnilebebi am mdidar da Wrel<br />
kontinentze?<br />
wignis es nawili garkveul pasuxebs iZleva am SekiTxvebze da<br />
warmoadgens Cvens midgomas zogierTi siZnelisadmi, romelsac wavawydiT da,<br />
dagvanaxebs, Tu rogor gadavWeriT es problemebi. aseve, mogvyavs mizezebi,<br />
ris gamoc vTvliT, rom dasaxuli amocana mxolod realisturi ki ar aris,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“... pirvelad ko<br />
moakiTxes; me x<br />
radgan komunis<br />
Semdeg moakiTx<br />
maSinac ar dava<br />
imitom, rom ar<br />
Semdeg isini mo<br />
muSebis, profk<br />
wevrebis wasayv<br />
kaTolikebs moa<br />
araferi miTqva<br />
rom protestan<br />
bolos, roca m<br />
aRaravin iyo d<br />
raime eTqva”.<br />
pastori marti
aramed aucilebelicaa. bolosdabolos, evropas marto kulturuli<br />
marvalferovneba ar axasiaTebs, mas bevri saerToc aqvs. am Sexebis<br />
wertilebis aRmoCena da, am gziT, urTierTgansxvavebebis Secnoba, SesaZloa,<br />
iseve mniSvnelovani iyos, rogorc Cveni sakuTari meobis dacva da<br />
SenarCuneba.<br />
? SexvedrixarT evropis sxvadasxva regionis axalgazrdul jgufebs? ra<br />
aqvT Tqvens jgufebs saerTo?<br />
adamianis uflebebi, rogorc erTianobis faqtori<br />
adamianis uflebebi safuZvlad udevs evropis sabWos istoriul da<br />
ideologiur fundaments da warmoadgens erT-erT elements, mraval saerTo<br />
elementTa Soris, romlebic aerTianeben evropas. ra Tqma unda, adamianis<br />
uflebebi ar aris evropis monopolisturi kuTvnileba, magram, eWvgareSea,<br />
rom am kontinentisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan gamaerTianebel<br />
faqtors warmoadgens. evropis sabWos wevrebis zrdasTan erTad, es<br />
faqtori sul ufro Zlierdeba.<br />
yoveli qveyana, romelic evropis sabWoSi erTiandeba, valdebulebas<br />
iRebs daicvas adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis<br />
evropul evropis konvenciaSi deklarirebuli ZiriTadi uflebebi da<br />
Tavisuflebebi. evropis qveynebis Cveulebrivi moqalaqisaTvis, es niSnavs,<br />
rom aRniSnuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, ukidures SemTxvevaSi,<br />
garkveuli xarisxiT mainc, daculia evropis Tanamegobrobis saxelmwifoebis<br />
mier.<br />
maSinac ki, rodesac arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlo,<br />
TiToeuli moqalaqis uflebebis dacva, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaxdeba<br />
realuri da safuZvliani, Tu TiToeuli pirovneba aqtiur rols<br />
Seasrulebs maT dacvaSi. moqalaqeebma unda icodnen am uflebebis arsebobis<br />
Sesaxeb, unda SeeZloT maTi dacva, rodesac irRveva es uflebebi da pativi<br />
unda scen adamianis uflebebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. swored amaSi<br />
mdgomareobs ganaTlebis amocana da es aris mTeli evropis amocana.<br />
msoflios moqalaqeebi<br />
piradi uflebebis dacvis codna mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, magram amocana<br />
amiT ar Semoifargleba. am saxelmZRvaneloSi, Cven vTvliT, rom adamianis<br />
uflebebi globaluri sakiTxia da aucilebelia, rom evropis axalgazrdebi,<br />
rogorc msoflios moqalaqeebi, afasebdnen mas, Tu gvinda, rom adamianis<br />
uflebebi daculi iyos ara marto Cvens regionSi, aramed mTels planetaze.<br />
rasakvirvelia, yvela evropuli qveyana asrulebs konkretul samuSaos,<br />
sakuTari moqalaqeebis uflebaTa dacvis gasaumjobeseblad. ar arsebobs<br />
qveyana, sadac ar irRveva adamianis uflebebi. adamianis uflebaTa swavleba<br />
exeba ara mxolod Cvens uflebebs, aramed sxva adamianebis uflebebsac.<br />
amitom, am saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi amocanaa informirebulobis gazrda<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, raTa axalgazrdebma ukeT SeZlon daicvan<br />
uflebebi TavianT garemomcvel samyaroSi. meore amocanaa, gavuRvivoT<br />
axalgazrdebs survili, ufro farTo masStabiT gamoiCinon daintereseba am<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
41
“simtkice Zaladobaze<br />
Zlieria. rodesac<br />
winaaRmdegobebi bevria,<br />
SeuZlebelia maTi<br />
erTdroulad gadalaxva.<br />
Tumca isini saTiTaod<br />
gaqrebian Tuki<br />
Tanmimdevrulad vimoqmedebT”.<br />
plutarqe<br />
42<br />
sakiTxebSi da Caufiqrdnen TavianTi saqcielis realur da mosalodnel<br />
Sedegebs.<br />
axalgazrdebi, mTels msoflioSi da gansakuTrebiT evropaSi, yovelTvis<br />
yuradRebiT ekidebodnen adamianis uflebebs da adamianis uflebaTa<br />
swavlebas. faSizmisa da totalitaruli mmarTvelobis periodSi, swored<br />
axalgazrdebi da studentebi idgnen represiebisa da Cagvris winaaRmdeg<br />
mimarTuli saprotesto aqciebis avangardSi. axalgazrduli organizaciebi<br />
da asociaciebi yovelTvis wamyvan rols asrulebdnen evropis sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebis axalgazrdebis daaxloebaSi da maTi uflebebis dacvaSi.<br />
axalgazrduli saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi mudam<br />
cdilobdnen solidarobis damyarebas axalgazrdebs Soris, rogorc<br />
evropaSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT. muSaobis amgvari meTodebi efuZneba<br />
solidarobis, TanamSromlobis, mSvidobisa da adamianis uflebebis idealebs.<br />
movida dro, ufro farTod ganvavrcoT es gamocdileba, CavrToT<br />
muSaobaSi rac SeiZleba meti evropeli axalgazrda da davamkvidroT<br />
adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema, rogorc am kontinentze, aseve mis<br />
farglebs gareT. aucilebelia ufro ukeT gaviazroT, Tu ra gziT<br />
SegviZlia xeli SevuwyoT Cveni Tanatolebis uflebaTa dacvas. es amocanac<br />
mTeli evropis gadasawyvetia.<br />
evropuli ocneba<br />
rasakvirvelia, aravis surs, rom evropis qveynebma da kulturebma<br />
dakargon TavianTi TviTmyofadoba. am saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenis dros, Cveni<br />
amosavali wertili iyo, rom adamianis uflebaTa kultura ar<br />
upirispirdeba evropis arc erTi qveynis kulturas da, maSasadame, msoflio<br />
kulturasac da ar iwvevs maT Secvlas uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT.<br />
faqtiurad, es faseulobebi ukve arsebobs yvela qveyanaSi, magram,<br />
ganviTarebis umaRles dones mxolod is kulturebi aRweven, romlebic<br />
anviTareben am faseulobebs da yvela adamians aZleven pozitiuri wvlilis<br />
Setanis saSualebas.<br />
Cven vimedovnebdiT, rom saerTo interesebi da saerTo Zalisxmeva xels<br />
Seuwyobda axalgazrdebis daaxloebas Cvens kontinentze, maT mier<br />
urTierTTanasworobis aRiarebas, saerTo realobis gaziarebas da erToblivi<br />
pasuxismgeblobis aRebas kontinentis momavalze: SesaZloa cimbiri<br />
SeerTeboda portugalias qalebis uflebebis dacvaSi, albaneTis da<br />
luqsemburgis axalgazrdebs, iqneb bavSvTa Sromis sakiTxze saerTo<br />
vebgverdic ki SeeqmnaT, raTa msoflios yuradReba miepyroT. anda, iqneb<br />
maltisa da daniis skolebs daegegmaT erTdrouli quCis aqciebi, Zaladobis<br />
winaaRmdeg sxvadasxva qveynis skolebSi.<br />
axalgazrdebi dainteresebuli arian da SeuZliaT gzis gakvleva,<br />
SeuZliaT upasuxon maT, vinc akritikebs maT individualizms da uaryon<br />
maTi apaTia, rogorc es saukuneebis manZilze gaukeTebiaT Taobebs.<br />
axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT daamtkicon maTi sicrue, vinc dabejiTebiT<br />
amtkicebs, rom alternativa ar arsebobs da axali energia STaberon<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis mSvidobian brZolas mTels msoflioSi. am<br />
saxelmZRvanelosaTvis axalgazrdebi ar arian mxolod miznobrivi jgufebi,<br />
isini Cvens mTavar imedsa da resurss warmoadgenen.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
axalgazrduli warmomadgenloba da misi muSaoba<br />
Tumca am saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savarjiSoebi gamiznulia<br />
formalur saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi gamoyenebisaTvis, Cveni survili iyo<br />
Segveqmna iseTi wigni, romelic upiratesad gamoadgebodaT formaluri<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemis farglebs gareT momuSave axalgazrdebs. ra Tqma<br />
unda, aseTi samuSaos buneba da moculoba SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iyos<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebSi. miuxedavad amisa, meTodebis sxvadasxva tipebis<br />
SemoTavazebiT da sxvadasxva Temebis SeswavliT, Cven miznad visaxavdiT<br />
mxedvelobaSi migveRo yvela evropul qveyanaSi arsebuli mravalferovani<br />
axalgazrduli jgufebis da asociaciebis gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis farTo speqtri unda yofiliyo<br />
saintereso da sasargeblo klasgareSe samuSaosTvis, skautTa jgufebisTvis,<br />
axalgazrdebis saeklesio jgufebisTvis, sauniversiteto klubebisaTvis,<br />
adamianis uflebebis damcavi jgufebisaTvis, gacvliTi klubebisaTvis da<br />
amasTan erTad, is unda yofiliyo gamoyenebadi formaluri saganmanaTleblo<br />
seqtorisaTvis.<br />
axalgazrdebTan muSaobis ZiriTadi amocanaa axalgazrdebis pirovnuli<br />
da socialuri ganviTareba. am mizeziT, mocemuli savarjiSoebis udidesi<br />
nawili ufro did yuradRebas uTmobs am aspeqtebs, vidre tradiciul<br />
saganmanaTleblo miznebs _ codnis gaRrmavebas. Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo<br />
savarjiSoebis Sekreba ise, rom momxdariyo axalgazrdebis yuradRebis<br />
koncentrireba am sakiTxebze da gamoyenebuli yofiliyo empiriuli<br />
gamocdileba, raTa gaZlierebuliyo axalgazrdebis pativiscema adamianis<br />
uflebebis mimarT, gansakuTrebiT ki maTi, romlebic formaluri<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemis farglebSi aqtiur reagirebas ar axdenen am<br />
mcdelobebze.<br />
? iyenebT empiriul gamocdilebas pirad praqtikaSi?<br />
im saganmanaTleblo sistemebSi da institutebSi, sadac saswavlo<br />
meTodebi ufro codnazea damyarebuli, vidre gamocdilebaze an unar-<br />
Cvevebze, aseTi midgoma SeiZleba sakmaod ucxo iyos. amitom, Cven<br />
gTavazobT sasargeblo sawyis wertilebs da ZiriTad bazisur informacias<br />
am saxelmZRvanelos saganmanaTleblo midgomebis Sesaxeb (ix. Tavi “rogor<br />
visargebloT saxelmZRvaneloTi”). Cven es migvaCnia im miznis mniSvnelovan<br />
nawilad, rom wigni gasagebi iyos ara marto evropis axalgazrdebisTvis<br />
aramed maswavleblebisa da jgufis xelmZRvanelebisa da axalgazrduli<br />
muSakebisTvisac, romlebic naklebad icnoben zogierT samuSao meTods.<br />
imedi gvaqvs, rom es saxelmZRvanelo Tavis mokrZalebul wvlils<br />
Seitans formalur da araformalur ganaTlebas Soris arsebuli<br />
meTodologiuri ufskrulis SevsebaSi. orive TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania<br />
axalgazrdebis CarTva, romelTa yuradRebis miqcevasac vcdilobT – da<br />
ufro metic, iseT sferoSi, rogoricaa adamianis uflebebi, sadac aqtiuri<br />
monawileoba ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgens. maTi yovlismomcveli bunebis<br />
gamo, am saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli TiToeuli savarjiSo miznad isaxavs<br />
saintereso da mimzidveli gzis miwodebas axalgazrdebisaTvis, raTa<br />
gazardos maTi informirebuloba adamianis zogadi uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
nebismier garemoSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“axalgazrdoba ar aris<br />
mxolod momavali... Cven varT<br />
awmyoc”.<br />
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis<br />
gancxadeba evropisa da<br />
centraluri aziis bavSvTa<br />
uflebebis specialuri<br />
sxdomisaTvis gamarTul<br />
konsultaciaze, budapeSti,<br />
2001.<br />
43
44<br />
? rogor axerxebT axalgazrdebis CarTvas praqtikul muSaobaSi?<br />
kidev erTi ZiriTadi amocana iyo axalgazrdebisTvis saSualebis micema,<br />
rom maT TavianTi wvlili SeetanaT sakiTxebSi, romlebic maT aRelvebT. am<br />
mizniT, Cven aseve davamateT Tavi “moqmedebaze gadasvla”. am TvalsazrisiT,<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom am TavSi SemoTavazebuli winadadebebis umravlesoba<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar aris marto adamianis uflebebis “aqtivobisaTvis”<br />
damaxasiaTebeli, isini Cveulebrivi axalgazrduli saqmianobaa, romlebsac<br />
bevri jgufi ukve axorcielebs adamianis uflebaTa sferosgan gansxvavebul<br />
sferoebSi. es iseTi tipis savarjiSoebia, romelSi monawileobac yvela<br />
axalgazrdas ainteresebs.<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia<br />
yvela evropulma qveyanam moawera xeli da ratificireba moaxdina<br />
gaeros konvencias bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Sesamabisad, maT aiRes<br />
pasuxismgebloba am uflebebis dacvaze da am mimarTulebiT miRweuli<br />
progresis Sesaxeb regularuli moxsenebebis gakeTebaze. es konvencia<br />
aqtualuria saxelmZRvanelosTan mimarTebaSi nawilobriv miznobrivi jgufis<br />
asakobrivi speqtris gamo, Tumca wigni aseve gaTvaliswinebulia – 18 wlis<br />
zemoT mkiTxvelisaTvis (konvenciis zeda asakobrivi zRvari).<br />
aqve gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos konvenciis mniSvneloba<br />
saxelmZRvanelos meTodologiidan gamomdinare. konvenciis centraluri idea<br />
aris (Camoyalibebuli mis ramdenime muxlSi, gansakuTrebiT me-3 da me-11<br />
muxlebi), rom axalgazrdebs ufleba aqvT gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi<br />
da moiTxovon maTi gaTvaliswineba. am ideam gansxvavebuli xarisxiT<br />
realizacia hpova evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi: zog maTganSi arsebobs<br />
realuri SesaZleblobebi rom axalgazrdebma monawileoba miiRon im<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, romelic maT exebaT, zogSi ki procesi<br />
naklebad warmatebulia.<br />
? arsebobs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis asli Tqvens skolaSi an<br />
asociaciaSi?<br />
gasagebia, rom ukve arsebuli SesaZleblobebi garkveuli doniT<br />
gansazRvravs axalgazrdebis gavlenis xarisxs gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze<br />
iseve, rogorc garkveuli saqmianobisTvis upiratesobis miniWebas sxva<br />
saqmianobasTan SedarebiT. saboloo amocana, rom axalgazrdebs moepyran ise,<br />
rogorc xalxs, romelic imsaxurebs WeSmarit pativiscemas da am<br />
TvalsazrisiT isini CaiTvalon sazogadoebis ufrosi Taobis wevrebis<br />
Tanasworad, ZalaSi rCeba evropis yvela nawilSi.<br />
wignis momzadebis procesi<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s SemoqmedebiTi jgufi Sedgeboda rva wevrisagan, romlebsac<br />
unda moemzadebinaT bazisuri masalebi da SeedginaT saxelmZRvanelos<br />
savarjiSoebi. rogorc es xSirad xdeba xolme, jgufi seriozuli gamocdis<br />
winaSe dadga wignis Seqmnis procesSi, romelic bunebrivia Zalian<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saintereso iyo, gansakuTrebiT SezRuduli vadebis gamo. imisaTvis, rom<br />
momxdariyo gamocdilebis maqsimaluri gaziareba, TiToeuli avtoris mier<br />
dawerili teqsti unda yofiliyo gadamowmebuli da mowonebuli sxva ori<br />
avtoris mier. analogiurad yoveli Tavi an Tema sul mcire ori adamianis<br />
mier iyo gaziarebuli.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi jgufi warmoadgenda evropas mTeli misi<br />
mravalferovnebiT. wevrebi iyvnen CrdiloeTidan, samxreTidan,<br />
aRmosavleTidan da dasavleTidan (aseve centraluri nawilidan). Cveni<br />
istoria, tradiciebi, enebi, Cacmuloba da musikaluri gemovneba xan<br />
Tanxvdeboda, xan ewinaaRmdegeboda erTmaneTs. yovel Cvengans surda<br />
gaekeTebina rame gansxvavebuli, an gansxvavebulad, radganac TiToeulma<br />
Cvenganma yvelaze ukeT icoda sakuTari qveynis moTxovnebi. Tumca arc<br />
erTma Cvenganma ar icoda yvelas saWiroebebis Sesaxeb, TviT sakuTar<br />
qveyanaSic ki da amitomac, sabolood aRmoCnda, rom TiToeuli Cvengani iyo<br />
saWiro da yvela Cvengani ki iyo arasakmarisi.<br />
sakonsultacio jgufis erTma wevrma, romelic erT-erT postsabWoTa<br />
qveyanaSi cxovrobs, Tavidanve SeniSna, rom dasavleT evropis qveynebi<br />
zrunaven umciresobaTa uflebebze maSin, roca qveynebi evropis Cven nawilSi<br />
dainteresebuli arian umravlesobaTa uflebebiT. zogi ar daeTanxma: isini<br />
fiqrobdnen rom “evropis maTi nawili” arc erT stereotipSi ar jdeboda.<br />
sxvebis azriT ki, es iseve, rogorc nebismieri ganzogadebisas, aRniSnul<br />
mtkicebulebaSi Seicavda simarTlis nawils. Cven SevecadeT es<br />
gagveTvaliswinebina, magram amave logikis mixedviT, es mosazreba<br />
SeiZleboda yovel Cvengans gamoeTqva cota gansxvavebulad: “xalxi samxreT<br />
evropaSi /musulmanur evropaSi/ regionebSi/ dedaqalaqebSi/ evropaSi<br />
saomari zonebiT... dainteresebulia .....iT.”<br />
am SeniSvnam aseve Segvaxsena, rom miuxedavad saerTo miznebisa,<br />
gansxvavebebi Cvens kulturebs Soris aranakleb mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre<br />
gansxvavebebi maT warmomadgenlebs, anu Cvens Soris. procesi davasruleT im<br />
imediT, rom problemebs, romlebic Cven gvexeboda da gvawuxebda, unda<br />
aeRelvebina nebismieri adamiani, ganurCevlad sacxovrebeli adgilisa,<br />
radganac es sakiTxebi exeba mTels msoflios. procesi davasruleT, magram<br />
bolomde mainc ar vicodiT, Tu ra xarisxiT davfareT mTeli evropa<br />
adeqvaturad. Tumca, bolos da bolos, es SeuZlebelic iqneboda.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloTi sargebloba sxvadasxva enebze da sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebSi<br />
aseTi farTo auditoriisTvis saxelmaZRvanelos Seqmnis procesSi ori<br />
ZiriTadi problema arsebobda: pirveli aris gadaWarbebuli ganzogadebis<br />
problema – savarjiSoebi SeiZleba ar iyos sakmaod specifiuri, imisaTvis<br />
rom upasuxos ama Tu im jgufis an sazogadoebis konkretul interesebs.<br />
meore problema ki piriqiT, aris konkretul, specifiur sakiTxebTan Sexeba,<br />
romlebic an ar aris aqtualuri, an zedmetad mgrZnobiarea zogierTi<br />
qveynisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
45
46<br />
sakiTxebi, romlebic Cven CavrTeT saxelmaZRvaneloSi namdvilad<br />
aqtualuria da pirdapiri dainteresebis sagans warmoadgens yvela<br />
adamianisaTvis maTi geografiuli adgilmdebareobis miuxedavad. da mainc,<br />
SeiZleba zogierTi sakiTxis dasmis gza da savarjiSoebis ganviTareba<br />
naklebad Seesatyvisebodes garkveul jgufebs da maT xelmZRvanelebs.<br />
jgufis liderebis an xelmZRvanelebis amocana aseT SemTxvevebSi aris ara<br />
ubralod instruqciebis gameoreba an brmad Sesruleba, aramed gansazRvra,<br />
Tu ra saWiroebs gaumjobesebas, adaptirebas, an ganaxlebas specifiuri<br />
konteqstebis gaTvaliswinebiT. qvemoT moyvanilma zogadma miTiTebebma<br />
SeiZleba garkveulwilad xeli Seuwyos am amocanis Sesrulebas.<br />
es saxelmaZRvanelo unda CaiTvalos aTvlis wertilad da cocxal<br />
saganmanaTleblo instrumentad, romelic Riaa ideebisaTvis, adaptaciisa da<br />
gaumjobesebis mizniT mowodebuli winadadebebisaTvis.<br />
rekomendaciebi adaptaciisaTvis:<br />
� Tu sakiTxi iwvevs araerTgvarovan reaqcias Tqven sazogadoebaSi an<br />
arsebobs albaToba, rom mas winaaRmdegoba Sexvdeba qveynis<br />
xelisuflebis mxridan, maSin dafiqrdiT iqneb Rirdes am Temis<br />
ganxilva sxva sazogadoebis an sxva istoriuli epoqis magaliTze<br />
ise, rom ar gakeTdes mkafio paralelebi mimdinare movlenebTan.<br />
Tu sakiTxi winaaRmdegobrivia, an ganxeTqilebas iwvevs, Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT TxovoT monawileebs, rom eZebon gansxvavebuli<br />
Sexedulebebi, an SesTavazoT romelime umciresobis damcvels<br />
gamoTqvas sakuTari azri.<br />
� Tu savarjiSoebs iyenebT formalur saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi,<br />
sadac arsebobs SezRuduli drois grafiki da Sinaarss upiratesi<br />
mniSvneloba eniWeba, SesaZloa Tqven gadawyvitoT bazisuri an sxva<br />
saxis informaciis ufro metad gamoyeneba romlebic Tqven an Tqven<br />
studentebs gaqvT xelT. aseve SesaZloa gadawyvitoT zogierTi<br />
savarjiSos gadanawileba (magaliTad or dReze).<br />
� Tu Tqven saswavlo programaSi SezRudulia SesaZleblobebi<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis CarTvisaTvis, arsebobs maTi<br />
gamoyenebis uamravi gza sxva sagnebSi – rogoricaa geografia,<br />
istoria, sazogadoebaTmcodneoba, politikuri mecnierebebi, da a.S.<br />
amis mixedviT SesaZloa savarjiSoebis adaptirebac ki moaxdinoT.<br />
� Tu axalgazrdebi CaTvlian rom garkveuli sakiTxebi maTTvis araa<br />
mniSvnelovani, an ver xedaven kavSirs uSualod maT situaciasTan,<br />
sTxoveT maT pirdapir dasvan es sakiTxi da dasaxon gzebi, romlis<br />
saSualebiTac isini gavlenas moaxdenen maT cxovrebaze.<br />
faqtobrivad, am saxelmaZRvaneloSi warmodgenili TiToeuli<br />
sakiTxi pirdapir kavSirSia yvela axalgazrdasTan.<br />
� savarjiSoebis Sesrulebisas SesaZloa igrZnoT, rom arsebobs<br />
konkretuli informacia, an garkveuli midgoma romelic ufro<br />
Sesaferisia Tqveni jgufisTvis an sazogadoebisTvis. SeinarCuneT<br />
moqniloba sxvadasxva savarjiSoebisaTvis: saSualeba mieciT<br />
monawileebs gamoTqvan mosazrebebi, gaaxangrZliveT an SezRudeT<br />
drois grafiki, an bazisuri informacia, Tu es misaRebia da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ganixileT samuSaos gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba, Tu jgufi<br />
gansakuTrebul interess iCens romelime sakiTxisadmi. xandaxan<br />
SeiZleba dagWirdeT mowodebuli informaciis Sevseba an misi<br />
adaptireba Tqveni konteqstis mixedviT.<br />
� gamoiyeneT sakuTari msjeloba, raTa SeafasoT axalgazrdebis<br />
CarTvis SesaZlo dabrkolebebi sazogadoebrivi aqtivobis nebismier<br />
formaSi – mag. daZabul socialur an politikur pirobebSi.<br />
� rodesac ki es SesaZlebelia gauziareT axalgazrdebs nebismieri<br />
sirTule, romelsac Tqven awydebiT. isini moxaruli iqnebian<br />
gamoTqvan TavianTi azri da ufro kargad gaigeben nebismier<br />
SezRudvas, romelic gavlenas axdens Tqvenze. endeT maT!<br />
rogor visargebloT <strong>kompasi</strong>T<br />
adamianis uflebebis Seswavlisa da swavlebis mravali gza arsebobs. is,<br />
Tu rogor miudgebiT sagans, damokidebuli iqneba Tqven samuSao garemoze<br />
(formaluri Tu araformaliuri seqtori), Tqvens qveynaSi arsebul<br />
politikur, socialur da ekonomikur pirobebze, axalgazrdebis asakze, maT<br />
dainteresebaze da motivaciaze - Seiswavlon adamianis uflebebi. aseve,<br />
damokidebuli iqneba im gamocdilebaze, romelsac flobT adamianis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
47
48<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebSi, Tqvens pirad midgomaze da damokidebulebaze<br />
miznobrivi jgufebis mimarT da, rasakvirvelia, “swavlebis stilze”.<br />
Tqven SeiZleba iyoT axalgazrda muSaki, treneri, skolis maswavlebeli,<br />
an ufrosi Taobis pedagogi, seminarebis xelmZRvaneli an saeklesio<br />
ganxilvebis jgufis wevri, an axalgazrda, romelic dainteresebulia<br />
adamianis uflebebiT. vinc ar unda iyoT da sadac ar unda muSaobdeT, Cven<br />
gvwams, rom am saxelmaZRvaneloSi aRmoaCenT raimes TqvenTvis sainteresos.<br />
Cven ar vakeTebT aranair winaswar daskvnebs swavlebisa da treningebis<br />
meTodebis, an adamianis uflebebis sferoSi winaswari codnis donis Sesaxeb.<br />
am nawilSi Cven vcdilobT avxsnaT Tu ras vgulisxmobT monawileobaSi,<br />
TanamSromlobaSi, eqsperimentul swavlebaSi da ratom viyenebT am<br />
saganmanaTleblo midgomebs. Cven mivuTiTebT, rogor SeiZleba gamoiyenoT<br />
savarjiSoebi formalur da araformalur seqtorebSi da SevecdebiT gavceT<br />
pasuxebi xSirad dasmul SekiTxvebze. ganyofilebaSi “rekomendaciebi<br />
xelmZRvanelebisaTvis”, aRvwerT, ra saxiT aris warmodgenili savarjiSoebi<br />
da rogor avirCioT erT-erTi. aqvea SeniSvnebi diskusiebis, jgufuri<br />
muSaobisa da damxmare savarjiSoebis Sesaxeb gamokiTxvisa da Sefasebis<br />
CaTvliT.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong> unda gamoviyenoT, rogorc moqnili saSualeba. adamianis<br />
uflebaTa damkvidreba uwyveti SemoqmedebiTi procesia da Tqven, am wignis<br />
momxmareblebi, xarT misi Semadgeneli nawili. imedi gvaqvs, rom gaiTavisebT<br />
Cvens mier SemoTavazebul ideebs, gamoiyenebT da ganaviTarebT maT, raTa<br />
daakmayofiloT sakuTari da im axalgazrdebis moTxovnebi, romlebTanac<br />
Tqven muSaobT. aseve imedi gvaqvs, rom gaaanalizebT miRebul codnas da<br />
gamogvexmaurebiT, rasac gaviTvaliswinebT momdevno gamocemaSi. anketa<br />
gamoxmaurebisTvis mocemulia 531-e gverdze.<br />
rogor visargebloT saxelmaZRvaneloTi<br />
Cveni principuli rCevaa Tavidanve Tvali gadaavloT mTel<br />
saxelmaZRvanelos, raTa sruli STabeWdileba SegeqmnaT saerTo suraTis da<br />
Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. saxelmZRvanelos ar aqvs mkacrad gansazRvruli<br />
dasawyisi. Cveni Canafiqris mixedviT, SesaZlebloba geZlevaT airCioT da<br />
daiwyoT im nawiliT, romelic TqvenTvis yvelaze aqtualuria.<br />
meore TavSi ixilavT sxvadasxva donis 49 savarjiSos globaluri<br />
Temebisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. igi axalgazrdebTan Tqveni<br />
muSaobis instruments warmoadgens. mexuTe Tavi Seicavs damxmare masalas.<br />
esaa bazisuri informacia globalur Temebze, adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis<br />
ganmartebebi da informacia maT evoluciaze. garda amisa, warmodgenilia<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi deklaraciebisa da konvenciebis Semoklebuli<br />
variantebi, gamoyenebuli literaturisa da damatebiTi wyaroebis sia.<br />
es, albaT, sakmarisi masalaa, raTa saSualeba mogeceT daiwyoT<br />
saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi axalgazrdebis<br />
monawileobiT. mniSvnelovania gaxsovdeT, rom araa aucilebeli iyoT<br />
adamianis uflebebis “eqsperti”, raTa daiwyoT muSaoba. daintereseba<br />
adamianis uflebebiT ukve sakmarisi kvalifikaciaa. arc isaa saWiro, rom<br />
profesionali maswavlebeli an pedagogi iyoT, magram aucileblad unda<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
mTavria ara ra<br />
aramed rogor<br />
ras moaqvs Sed
gqondeT gaazrebuli Cveni saganmanaTleblo midgoma, raTa maqsimaluri<br />
warmatebiT gamoiyenoT savarjiSoebi.<br />
swavlebis meTodebi<br />
vidre savarjiSoebTan muSaobas daiwyebdeT, mniSvnelovania, gaiazroT is<br />
saganmanaTleblo midgomebi, romlebsac Cven viyenebT. adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sferoSi ganaTleba aris swavleba socialuri da pirovnuli cvlilebebis<br />
Sesaxeb. is ayalibebs axalgazrdebis Tvisebas, iyvnen aqtiuri moqalaqeebi da<br />
monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi adamianis uflebebis<br />
dasacavad. Cveni saganmanaTleblo procesis ZiriTadi amocana aris codnis,<br />
unar-Cvevebis, faseulobebis da damokidebulebebis ganviTareba. am procesSi<br />
Cven:<br />
� viwyebT iqidan, rac xalxma ukve icis, maTi Sexedulebebidan da<br />
gamocdilebebidan da am bazaze saSualebas vaZlevT maT, eZebon da<br />
erTad aRmoaCinon axali ideebi da gamocdilebebi.<br />
� movuwodoT axalgazrdebs monawileoba miiRon diskusiebSi, raTa<br />
iswavlon erTmaneTisgan.<br />
� movuwodoT xalxs, rom sakuTari Teoriuli codna gadazardon<br />
ubralo, magram efeqtur qmedebebSi, romlebic manifestirebas<br />
ukeTeben maT mier usamarTlobis, uTanasworobis da adamianis<br />
uflebaTa darRvevis uaryofas.<br />
im adamianis codna, unar-Cvevebi da damokidebulebebi, vinc erkveva<br />
adamianis uflebebSi, aRwerilia me-19 gverdze. es Tvisebebi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
unar-Cvevebi da komunikaciis faseulobebi, kritikuli azrovneba, dacva,<br />
tolerantoba da pativiscema ar iswavleba; isini praqtikaSi yalibdeba.<br />
amitomac, am saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebi amkvidrebs<br />
TanamSromlobas, monawileobas da swavlas praqtikis gziT. Cven miznad<br />
visaxavT axalgazrdebis waxalisebas, raTa ifiqron, igrZnon da imoqmedon<br />
TaviT, guliT da xelebiT. codna adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
mniSvnelovania, magram ara sakmarisi. saWiroa axalgazrdebs ufro Rrmad<br />
hqondeT gaazrebuli, Tu rogor gamomdinareobs adamianis uflebebi xalxis<br />
saWiroebidan da ratom unda iqnas isini daculi. magaliTad, axalgazrdebma,<br />
romlebsac ar gaaCniaT uSualo gamocdileba rasobriv diskriminaciasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi, SeiZleba ifiqron, rom es sakiTxi maT ar exebaT. adamianis<br />
uflebebis TvalsazrisiT aseTi pozicia miuRebelia. adamianebi valdebuli<br />
arian daicvan sxvebis uflebebi, sadac ar unda iyvnen isini.<br />
ara aqvs mniSvneloba saqme exeba sicocxlis uflebas Tu azris<br />
Tavisuflebas; adamianis uflebebis ZiriTadi arsi mdgomareobs<br />
demokratiul faseulobebSi, pativiscemasa da tolerantobaSi. es aris is<br />
unar-Cvevebi da damokidebulebebi, romelTa Seswavla SeiZleba mxolod<br />
adekvatur garemoSi da im procesSi, romelic amkvidrebs am faseulobebs.<br />
amas gansakuTrebiT unda gaesvas xazi.<br />
TanamSromlobaze dafuZnebuli swavla<br />
TanamSromloba niSnavs erTad muSaobas saerTo miznebis misaRwevad.<br />
TanamSromlobis dros xalxi muSaobs erTad im Sedegebis misaRebad,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
49
50<br />
romlebic sasargeblo iqneba rogorc yvelasTvis, aseve jgufis TiToeuli<br />
wevrisaTvis.<br />
TanamSromlobaze dafuZnebuli swavla uzrunvelyofs miRwevebisa da<br />
produqtiulobis ufro maRal xarisxs, mzrunvel, damxmare da myar<br />
urTierTobebs, fsiqologiurad janmrTel pirobebs, socialuri unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTarebas da sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis gaZlierebas. es zustad<br />
imis sapirispiroa, rasac adgili aqvs konkurentuli swavlis pirobebSi.<br />
konkurentuli swavla gzas uxsnis pirad interesebs, sxvebis mimarT<br />
pativiscemis ugulvebelyofas da ambiciebis gaRvivebas gamarjvebulebSi,<br />
romlebic mxolod erTisTvis an cotasTvis misawvdomi miznebis misaRwevad<br />
sxvebs uweven konkurencias maSin, rodesac damarcxebulebSi es iwvevs<br />
demotivirebas da sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis dakargvas.<br />
TanamSromlobis ZiriTadi komponentebia pozitiuri urTierTdamokidebuleba,<br />
uSualo urTierToba, individualuri da jgufuri<br />
pasuxismgebloba da interpersonaluri unar-Cvevebi. TanamSromlobaze<br />
dafuZnebuli swavlebis waxalisebis yvelaze efeqturi gzaa organizebuli<br />
jgufuri muSoba.<br />
monawileoba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaSi monawileoba niSnavs, rom axalgazrdebi<br />
Tavad Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, Tu ra da rogor iswavlon adamianis<br />
uflebaTa Sesaxeb. monawileobis gziT, axalgazrdebs uviTardebaT sxvadasxva<br />
unar-Cvevebi: gadawyvetilebis miRebis, mosmenis, TanagrZnobis, sxvebis mimarT<br />
pativiscemis da sakuTar qmedebebze da gadawyvetilebebze pasuxismgeblobis<br />
aRebis CaTvliT. maswavleblis an treneris roli aris, “daxmareba” gauwios<br />
axalgazrdebs swavlis procesSi. skolebSi arsebuli SezRudvebi, droisa<br />
da programis TvalsazrisiT, gansazRvravs, rogor SeiZleba gamoinaxos<br />
monawileobis idealuri forma da Sesabamisad moxdes savarjiSoebis<br />
adaptireba.<br />
am saxelmaZRvaneloSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebi moiTxoven aqtiur<br />
monawileobas. Tqven unda iyoT aqtiuri da procesSi CarTuli. ar SeiZleba<br />
iyoT modunebuli da pasiuri damkvirvebeli. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
saxelmaZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia eyrdnoba avgusto boalas da<br />
araformalizebuli ganaTlebis sxva pionerebis naSromebs.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa im<br />
situaciebis povna, romlebSic axalgazrdebi aqtiur monawileobas miiReben<br />
da SeeZlebaT gavlena moaxdinon savarjiSoebis formaze da Sedegebze.<br />
ganmartebidan gamomdinareobs, rom ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
ar SeiZleba iyos Tavsmoxveuli; es namdvilad damokidebulia TiToeul<br />
xelmZRvanelze, maswavlebelze, trenerze an liderze, rom ipovos momenti,<br />
Seqmnas sivrce da SesaZleblobebi monawileobisaTvis.<br />
empiriuli swavleba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavleba iseve, rogorc ganaTleba ganviTarebis,<br />
mSvidobisa da moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, iyenebs eqsperimentuli<br />
swavlebisMmeTodologias, romelic damyarebulia 5 fazisagan Semdgar<br />
swavlebis ciklze:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
faza 1<br />
gamocdileba<br />
(savarjiSo, “keTeba”)<br />
faza 5 faza 2<br />
gamoyeneba moxseneba<br />
(Seswavlilis gamoyeneba (momxdarze reaqciebis da<br />
da Zveli Cvevebis Secvla) SeniSvnebis gaziareba)<br />
faza 4 faza 3<br />
ganzogadeba refleqsia<br />
(nimuSebis ganxilva da (nimuSebisa da dinamikis<br />
Seswavlilis dakavSireba, ganxilva gamocdilebaSi<br />
swavla “realur samyarosTan”) Cawvdomis mizniT)<br />
me-5 fazaSi msjeloba mimdinareobs praqtikul moqmedebebze, romlebic,<br />
SeiZleba, konkretul sakiTxebTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni. principialurad<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebma SeZlon monawileobis misaRebad realuri<br />
gzebis gamoZebna. es iqneba swavlebis procesis ara marto logikuri Sedegi,<br />
aramed axali codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebebis ganmtkicebis<br />
saukeTeso saSualeba, romelic momdevno ciklis safuZvels warmoadgens.<br />
savarjiSoebi rogorc eqsperimentuli swavlebis<br />
intrumenti<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi rekomendirebuli savarjiSoebis gamoyenebisas, unda<br />
gaxsovdeT zemoT naxsenebi saswavlo ciklis Sesaxeb.<br />
savarjiSoebis Sesruleba moiTxovs monawileobas da interaqtiulobas,<br />
raTa monawileebma SeiZinon gamocdileba, romlis daxmarebiTac isini<br />
Seicnoben masalas ara marto gonebiT, aramed guliTa da xelebiT. aseTi<br />
saxis savarjiSoebs zogjer “TamaSebs” eZaxian, radganac saxalisoa da maT<br />
yovelTvis enTuziazmiT asruleben. Tumca, unda gaxsovdeT, rom<br />
savarjiSoebi, an TamaSebi “mxolod gasarTobi” saSualeba araa, isini<br />
mizanmimarTuli instrumentis rols asruleben saganmanaTleblo miznebis<br />
misaRwevad.<br />
Tqven ubralod ar “asrulebT” savarjiSos (saswavlo ciklis 1 faza).<br />
mniSvnelovania analizis gakeTeba da daskvnebis gamotana, raTa monawileebma<br />
gaiazron, Tu ra moxda (faza 2), Seafason miRebuli gamocdileba (faza 3<br />
da 4) da moifiqron Semdgomi moqmedebebi (faza 5). amrigad, moswavleebi<br />
kvlav gadavlen saswavlo procesis momdevno ciklis pirvel fazaSi.<br />
saSualo skolebSi swavlebisas, SesaZloa, savarjiSoebma daamsxvrion<br />
sagnebs Soris arsebuli xelovnuri barierebi da daamyaron kavSirebi<br />
saswavlo sagansa da interesis sferoebs Soris, amgvarad xeli Seuwyon<br />
erTian midgomas ama Tu im sakiTxis mimarT. savaraudoa, rom araformalur<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
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52<br />
saganmanaTleblo garemoSi savarjiSoebma gaaRvivon interesi garkveuli<br />
Temebis mimarT da, ramdenadac swavlebis procesi ar mimdinareobs<br />
didaqtikuri gziT, ufro misaRebia axalgazrdebisaTvis.<br />
savarjiSoebi exmareba monawileebs:<br />
� swavlebis motivaciaSi, radganac procesi saxalisoa;<br />
� codnis, unar-Cvevebis, damokidebulebebisa da zneobrivi<br />
faseulobebis ganviTarebaSi. TamaSebi uzrunvelyofs Sesasruleblad<br />
usafrTxo garemos, saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs Caataron<br />
eqsperimentebi da iswavlon sakuTar Secdomebze, raTa msgavsi<br />
Secdomebi Zvirad ar daujdeT realur cxovrebaSi;<br />
� gardaiqmnan. savarjiSoebi gvexmareba SevignoT, rom TiToeul<br />
Cvengans SeuZlia Seicvalos an Secvalos damokidebuleba<br />
garSemomyofTa mimarT;<br />
� miiRon aqtiuri monawileoba. savarjiSoebi xels uwyobs naklebad<br />
aqtiuri da naklebad Tamami jgufis wevrebis procesSi CarTvas;<br />
� aiRon pasuxismgebloba. moswavleebi erTmaneTs uziareben sakuTar<br />
gamocdilebebs da unar-Cvevebs, amitom TiToeuli jgufi iyenebs<br />
TamaSebs sakuTar doneze da Taviseburad;<br />
� daeyrdnon sakuTar Tavs da gaimyaron sakuTari Tavis rwmena.<br />
savarjiSoebi gvTavazoben iseT garemos, romelic asustebs liderze<br />
damokidebulebas, romelmac “yvelaferi icis”. monawileebi<br />
iZulebuli arian aiRon pasuxismgebloba Tavisi wili samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebaze;<br />
� igrZnon solidaroba sxvebis mimarT. TamaSebi xels uwyobs jgufis<br />
erT muStad Sekvras, jgufis saxis formirebasa da jgufuri<br />
solidarobis grZnobis Camoyalibebas;<br />
savarjiSoebi gvTavazoben CarCos da struqturas sakuTari<br />
gamocdilebis da codnis safuZvelze muSaobisaTvis. xelmZRvanelis swori<br />
daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi TamaSebi SesaZloa gaxdes mizanmimarTuli swavlebis<br />
efeqturi meTodi.<br />
xelmZRvanelis funqciebi<br />
am saxelmaZRvaneloSi sityva `xelmZRvaneli” gulisxmobs mas, vinc<br />
amzadebs, warmoadgens da koordinirebas ukeTebs swavlebis process. igi<br />
exmareba monawileebs Seafason miRebuli codnis done, aRvivebs maTSi<br />
swavlis survils da exmareba TavianTi potencialis SecnobaSi.<br />
xelmZRvanelis funqciebSi Sedis iseTi saswavlo garemos Seqmna, romelSic<br />
moswavleebs eqnebaT swavlis, eqsperimentebis, gamokvlevebisa da<br />
ganviTarebis saSualeba. esaa gaziarebis, miRebisa da gacemis procesi.<br />
gakveTilebSi ar monawileobs “eqsperti”, romelic sxvebs uziarebs codnasa<br />
da unar-Cvevebs. monawileebica da xelmZRvanelic Tanabrad unda<br />
izrdebodnen gamocdilebis uTierTgaziarebis safuZvelze<br />
evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi da TiToeuli qveynis farglebSic ki<br />
gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom gaxde axalgazrdebis<br />
jgufis xelmZRvaneli da imuSao Tanasworobis atmosferoSi. formalur<br />
saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi arsebobs gansxvavebebi ganaTlebis miznebsa da<br />
filosofias Soris, saklaso menejmentis teqnikasa da saswavlo programas<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Soris. amgvar pirobebSi, xSirad, TviT moswavleebi an studentebi wyveten,<br />
Tu ra sagnis swavla surT zogadi programis farglebSi, pedagogi ki<br />
mxolod xelmZRvanelis rols asrulebs. Tumca, arsebobs gamonaklisebic.<br />
amgvar arsebiT gansxvavebebs adgili aqvs araformalur seqtorSic ara<br />
mxolod sxvadasxva organizaciebis miznebisa da filosofiis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
aramed im SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiTac, romelsac isini gvTavazoben.<br />
msgavsi gansxvavebebi arsebobs rogorc qveynebs Soris, aseve erTi qveynis<br />
regionebs Sorisac.<br />
Cven vmuSaobT Cvenive sazogadoebis saganmanaTleblo da socialuri<br />
normebis CarCoebSi. Zalian advilia sakuTari eTnocentrizmis daviwyeba an<br />
ignorireba, Sedegad SesaZloa axalgazrdebTan urTierTobis forma<br />
miviCnioT normad da kanonzomierebad. xelmZRvanelis Tvisebebis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis sasargeblo iqneba Tu gaanalizebT sakuTar stilsa da<br />
urTierTobis praqtikas.<br />
azrovnebis, swavlisa da swavlebis stili<br />
Cven adamianebi varT, vazrovnebT da vswavlobT gansxvavebulad,<br />
vsargeblobT swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodebiT, magram yovel Cvengans aqvs<br />
garSemo arsebuli samyaros gonebrivi warmodgenis (azrovnebis stili)<br />
sakuTari gza da swavlebis stili. xelmZRvanelebi amas unda<br />
vacnobierebdeT da gamoviyenoT meTodologiebis mTeli rigi, mivaRwioT<br />
axalgazrdebis talantisa da interesebis srul realizebas.<br />
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom qvemoT CamoTvlilia prioritetuli<br />
stilebi. yoveli CvenTagani TiToeul maTgans iyenebs, magram aqvs sayvareli<br />
stili. ufro detaluri informaciisaTvis ixileT david kolbis naSromi<br />
Tavis dasasrulSi.<br />
?romel stils aniWebT upiratesobas?<br />
azrovnebis stilis CamonaTvali<br />
� vizualuri aRqmisadmi midrekili xalxi samyaros aRiqvams<br />
suraTebad. isini iyeneben frazebs, rogoricaa magaliTad, “me vxedav,<br />
risi Tqma gsurT”.<br />
� smeniTi aRqmisaken midrekil xalxs ufro kargad axsovs is, rac<br />
moismina da SeiZleba gamoiyenos aseTi fraza: “es idea sainteresod<br />
JRers”.<br />
� kinesTetikosebi sagnebs rogorc emociuri, aseve fizikuri<br />
grZnobebis saSualebiT aRiqvamen. maT SeiZleba gamoiyenon fraza “me<br />
momwons es idea, modi SevudgeT saqmes”.<br />
swavlebis stilis mimoxilva<br />
� aqtivistebi yvelaze ukeTesad swavloben im savarjiSoebis<br />
daxmarebiT, romlebSic aris axali gamocdilebebi, problemebi da<br />
saSualebebi swavlisaTvis. maT SeuZliaT bolomde Caeflon TamaSSi,<br />
gundur samuSaoSi da rolur savarjiSoebSi, maT moswonT rTuli<br />
amocanebis Sesruleba. aqtivistebi winaaRmdegi arian pasiuri<br />
swavlis, izolirebulad muSaobis, rogoricaa kiTxva, wera, da<br />
azrovneba da aseve ewinaaRmegebian detalebisaTvis yuradRebis<br />
miqcevis moTxovnas.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
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� moazrovneebi yvelaze ukeTesad swavloben rodesac saSualeba<br />
eZlevaT ifiqron savarjiSos Sesaxeb. maT siamovnebas aniWebT<br />
detaluri analizis gakeTeba, momxdaris da naswavlis ganxilva. maT<br />
ar uyvarT yuradRebis centrSi yofna, ewinaaRmdegebian SezRudvebs<br />
droSi, arasakmaris monacemebs, romelzec unda daamyaron TavianTi<br />
daskvnebi da samuSaos zedapirulad Sesrulebas.<br />
� Teoretikosebi yvelaze kargad swavloben im savarjiSoebis<br />
saSualebiT, romlebic im sistemis, modelis, koncefciis an Teoriis<br />
nawilia, romelsac isini swavloben. maT moswonT naTeli miznis<br />
mqone organizebul garemoSi yofna da saintereso ideebTan da<br />
koncefciebTan urTierToba. maT yovelTvis ar moswonT iseT<br />
situaciebSi monawileobis miReba, romelic aqcents akeTebs<br />
emociebze da grZnobebze.<br />
� pragmatistebi yvelaze kargad swavloben im savarjiSoebis<br />
saSualebiT, romlebSic naTlad Cans kavSiri sagansa da problemas<br />
Soris da romelic saSualebas aZlevs maT, praqtikaSi gamoiyenon<br />
Teoriuli codna. isini ewinaaRmdegebian realobisagan mowyvetil<br />
codnas, imis codnas rom, “es yvelaferi Teoriaa da zogadi<br />
principebi”, maT ar moswonT moZraoba Caketil wreSi, mizanTan<br />
swrafad miaxloebis gareSe.<br />
swavlebis/treningis stili<br />
sxvadasxva xalxs sxvadasxva stili da midgoma aqvT swavlebisa da<br />
treningisadmi. Tqveni, rogorc xelmZRvanelis midgoma, damokidebuli iqneba<br />
Tqvens sakuTar faseulobebze, rwmenaze da Sexedulebebze, Tqvens<br />
pirovnebaze, swavlebisa da swavlis warsul gamocdilebaze da imaze, Tu<br />
ramdenad Tavdajerebulad arTmevT Tavs axalgazrdebTan da adamianis<br />
uflebebis sakiTxebze muSaobas.<br />
Teoria X. maswavleblebi/ Teoria Y maswavleblebi/<br />
54 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
trenerebi romlebic fiqroben rom<br />
xalxi:<br />
ZiriTadad zarmacia da ar surT<br />
swavla, arian upasuxismgebloebi<br />
trenerebi, romlebic fiqroben rom<br />
xalxs:<br />
unda swavla da TviT warmarTavs<br />
Tavis ganaTlebas<br />
isini unda aiZulon gaaCnia SemoqmedebiTi unari<br />
WirdebaT disciplina surs, rom azrs ekiTxebodnen<br />
unda uxelmZRvanelon eZebs pasuxismgeblobas<br />
treneri mTlianad iRebs<br />
pasuxismgeblobas da adgens<br />
mouqnel gegmebs<br />
treneri orientirebulia aqtiur<br />
monawileobaze, aqvs moqnili gegma<br />
gansazRvravs Tu ra unda gakeTdes kursi miyavs monawileebTan<br />
SeTanxmebis safuZvelze<br />
ayalibebs muSaobis disciplinas da<br />
struqturas<br />
eqspertebi instruqtaJs utareben<br />
monawileebs<br />
treneri pasuxobs yvela SekiTxvas<br />
da wyvets, ramdenad swori an<br />
mcdaria sxvebis Sexedulebebi<br />
problemebze an maTi gadawyveta<br />
disciplina/struqtura aris<br />
SeTanxmebis Sedegi<br />
monawileebi Rebuloben<br />
pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari swavlis<br />
procesze<br />
monawileebi mowodebuli arian<br />
gaaCndeT sakuTari Sexedulebebi da<br />
eZebon problemis gadaWris gzebi<br />
naTelia, rom es aris treningis stilis ori ukiduresoba. ra Tqma<br />
unda, am polarulad gansxvavebul swavlebis or stils Soris arsebobs<br />
uamravi gardamavali xasiaTis stili. unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis<br />
uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferosaTvis misaRebi da adeqvaturia Y Teoria.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis sferos mizania pativiscemis,<br />
Tanasworobis, urTierTTanamSromlobis da demokratiis faseulobebis<br />
ganviTareba. es faseulobebi SeiZleba damkvidrdes mxolod im procesis<br />
saSualebiT, romelic Tavis mxriv arsobrivad dafuZnebulia am<br />
faseulobebze.<br />
? gaixseneT Tqveni piradi gamocdileba am ori ukiduresad gansxvavebuli<br />
tipis maswavleblis mier swavlebis Sedegad Tqvenze momxdari<br />
STabeWdilebis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s gamoyeneba formalur da araformalur<br />
saganmanaTleblo garemoSi<br />
saxelmaZRvaneloSi aRwerili saganmanaTleblo midgoma da savarjiSoebis<br />
tipebi SeiZleba ufro advilad gamosayenebeli iyos gareformalur<br />
seqtorSi, vidre formalurSi. gareformaluri seqtoris programa ufro<br />
gaxsnilia da ZiriTad aqcents axalgazrdebis socialur da pirovnul<br />
ganviTarebaze akeTebs. amasTanave, samuSaos aTvlis wertili aris<br />
axalgazrdebis daintreseba. es iZleva ufro aqtiuri monawileobis da<br />
moqnilobis saSualebas, axalgazrdebs exmareba praqtikulad ganaxorcielon<br />
muSaoba adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis sferoSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
55
56<br />
gareformalur saganmanaTleblo garemoSi Tqven SegiZliaT SexvideT<br />
kontaqtSi SekiTxviT Tqvens regionSi mimdinar movlenebis an romelime<br />
monawilis mier televiziiT nanaxi raime faqtis Sesaxeb. Tu Tqven gsurT<br />
aiRoT xelmZRvaneloba da daainteresoT monawileebi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sakiTxebSi, organizeba gaukeTeT filmis an videos Cvenebas. brwyinvale<br />
megzuri sasargeblo filmebis sferoSi aris dominik Sanselis (evropis<br />
sabWo, 2001 w. ianvari) “evropa ekranze: kino da istoriis gakveTilebi”<br />
(“Europe on Screen: Cinema and the Teaching of History” by Dominique Chansel<br />
(Council of Europe, January 2001)). aseve SegiZliaT gamoakraT plakatebi an<br />
gamoiyenoT suraTebi spontanuri diskusiis stimulirebisaTvis, an moawyoT<br />
musikaluri saRamo, sadac aJRerdeba simRerebi adamianis Tavisuflebis<br />
mowodebebiT. amis Semdeg, SeiZleba gadaxvideT erT-erT savarjiSoze,<br />
romelic Seexeba adamianis zogad uflebebs, rogoricaa magaliTad, “sad<br />
dgaxarT? (gv. 111) an “inscenireba” (gv. 170).<br />
formaluri seqtoris programa xSirad SezRudulia codnis<br />
aprobirebuli sistemiT, romelic unda aiTvison da gamocdis saxiT<br />
Caabaron moswavleebma da studentebma. pirovnuli da socialuri<br />
ganviTareba, miuxedavad imisa, rom is miCneulia mniSvnelovnad, yovelTvis<br />
ar aris ZiriTadi mizani codnis miRebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic<br />
momavali muSaobis an swavlis safuZvelia. es ar ewinaaRmdegeba am<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebis umetesobas, romlebic<br />
Sesabamisi adaptaciis Semdeg SesaZloa Setanil iqnas gansxavebuli<br />
saswavlo sistemebis nebismieri sagnis saswavlo programaSi, romlebic<br />
gamoiyeneba skolebsa da kolejebSi evropis masStabiT. faqtobrivad bevri<br />
maTgani gaTvlili iyo saklaso seqtorSi gamoyenebaze.<br />
problemis gadaWra da konfliqtis menejmenti, rogorc<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferos safuZveli<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebi xSirad iwveven azrTa sxvadasxvaobas,<br />
radganac adamianebs aqvT sxvadasxva faseulobaTa sistemebi da, amdenad,<br />
uflebebs da movaleobebs gansxvavebulad afaseben. es gansxvavebebi,<br />
romlebic gamovlindeba, rogorc azrTa konfliqti, aris Cveni<br />
saganmanaTleblo muSaobis safuZveli.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba isaxavs or ZiriTad mizans,<br />
pirveli: aswavlon axalgazrdebs sakiTxis garSemo arsebuli gansxvavebuli<br />
azris pativiscema – magram ara aucileblad daTanxmeba da meore: daexmaron<br />
maT problemebis yvelasTvis misaRebi gadawyvetilebebis povnis unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi.<br />
es saxelmZRvanelo da masSi mocemuli savarjiSoebi damyarebulia im<br />
gagebaze, rom azrTa konfliqtebi SeiZleba saswavlo procesisaTvis<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas konstruqciulad, Tuki xelmZRvaneli damajereblad<br />
aregulirebs potenciur konfliqtebs jgufSi. iseve, rogorc bevr<br />
araformalizebul saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi, aqac mizani aris ara is,<br />
rom yvela daeTanxmos mocemul Sedegs, aramed is, rom monawileebma miiRon<br />
codna procesis msvlelobis dros (mag. erTmaneTis mosmena, sakuTari azris<br />
gamoxatva, gansxvavebuli azris pativiscema, da a.S).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
magaliTad, savarjiSo “iTamaSe” (gv. 279) specialurad aris Seqmnili<br />
konfliqt-menejmentisaTvis unar-Cvevebis Camosayalibeblad.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Seswavlisas wamoWrili SekiTxvebi<br />
qvemoT moyvanili pasuxebi moklea, magram, vimedovnebT, isini pasuxoben<br />
im adamianebis zogierT SekiTxvas, romlebic iwyeben muSaobas adamianis<br />
uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi.<br />
? xom ar aris saWiro axalgazrdebi ufro metad gaerkven<br />
movaleobebSi, vidre uflebebSi?<br />
pasuxi: es saxelmaZRvanelo aqcents akeTebs rogorc uflebebze, aseve<br />
movaleobebze. savarjiSoebis mizania aCvenos, rom erTi pirovnebis... da<br />
sxvebis uflebebis urTierTmimarTeba yovelTvis mkafio ar aris da rom<br />
yvela movaleobaa pativi sces sxvaTa uflebebs.<br />
? rogor moviqce, Tu monawileebi dasvamen SekiTxvas, romelzec<br />
pasuxis gacema ar SemiZlia?<br />
pasuxi: aravin ar unda moelodes, rom vinmes am qveynad eqneba pasuxi<br />
yvela SekiTxvaze! sruliad misaRebia imis Tqma, rom Tqven ar flobT<br />
konkrtul faqtebs/informacias da mouwodeT monawileebs Tavad CaerTon<br />
pasuxis Zebnis procesSi. yovelTvis gaxsovdeT, rom kargi iqneba, Tu<br />
kiTxvas ukan daubrunebT jgufs da SeekiTxebiT: `ras fiqrobT Tqven amis<br />
Sesaxeb?~<br />
aseve mniSvnelovania, yvelas axsovdes, rom Zalze iSviaTia martivi<br />
pasuxebi adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebze. rTuli moraluri sakiTxebi ver, an<br />
ar amoiwureba pasuxebiT “diax” an “ara”. saganmanaTleblo Tvalsazrisidan<br />
gamomdinare, kiTxvis dasma iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc masze pasuxis<br />
gacema. kompleqsuri sakiTxebis wamoWriT da axalgazrdebisaTvis maTze<br />
dafiqrebis saSualebis micemiT, Cven vaZlevT axalgazrdebs saTanado codnas<br />
da vuyalibebT damokidebulebebs, raTa gaumklavdnen msgavs sakiTxebs<br />
momavalSi.<br />
? rogor moviqceT Tu ara gvaqvs aslis gadamRebi aparati an sakmarisi<br />
masala?<br />
pasuxi: am saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili bevri savarjiSo isea<br />
agebuli, rom maT Sesasruleblad ar aris aucilebeli ZviradRirebuli<br />
masala an qseroqsis aparati. Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, jgufuri<br />
samuSaosaTvis mogixdebaT baraTebis aslebis xeliT gakeTeba, an aslis<br />
gadamRebi furclis gamoyeneba. iyaviT SemoqmedebiTi da ipoveT gamosavali<br />
problemebidan.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
57
58<br />
? xom ar SeewinaaRmdegebian mSoblebi, skolis administracia da<br />
Temis liderebi adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis process, rogorc<br />
politikuri doqtrinebis danergvas, romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios<br />
meamboxe xasiaTis qcevebi?<br />
pasuxi: adamianis uflebaTa swavleba ayalibebs moqalaqeebs, romlebsac<br />
SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da qveynis<br />
ganviTarebaSi. mniSvnelovania mkveTri sazRvris gavleba interaqtiuli unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTarebasa da partiul politikas Soris. ganaTleba adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sferoSi mowodebulia, axalgazrdebis monawileobisa da<br />
diskusiebis saSualebiT, ganaviTaros kritikuli azrovneba da racionaluri<br />
qcevis wesebi. am TvalsazrisiT, adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba, aseve<br />
dakavSirebulia samoqalaqo da politikur ganaTlebasTan da saSualebas<br />
aZlevs axalgazrdebs erTmaneTTan daakavSiron adamianis uflebebi da<br />
socialuri sakiTxebi, politika da ganaTleba. Sedegad SesaZloa<br />
axalgazrdebi marTlac Caeban socialur da erovnul partiul saqmianobaSi,<br />
rogorc maTi politikuri moRvaweobis ufleba, da azris, sityvisa da<br />
asociaciis Tavisufleba. magram es unda iyos mxolod maTi gadasawyveti.<br />
? xom ar aris adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis uzrunvelyofa mTavrobis<br />
movaleoba?<br />
pasuxi: gaeros wevr qveynebs valdebuleba aqvT aRebuli, rom xeli<br />
Seuwyon ganaTlebis danergvas adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis yvela sferoSi.<br />
es moicavs formalur, araformalur da gareformalur ganaTlebas.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, bevri qveynis mTavrobas Zalian cota aqvT gakeTebuli<br />
adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis ganviTarebisa da saswavlo programebSi misi<br />
CarTvis TvalsazrisiT. am mimarTulebiT bevris gakeTeba SeuZliaT kerZo<br />
maswavleblebsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs calkeuli da erToblivi<br />
mcdelobebis Sedegad skolebSi da sxva saganmanaTleblo organizaciebSi,<br />
aseve mTavrobebze zewolisa da lobirebis Sedagad, raTa maT Seasrulon am<br />
sferoSi aRebuli valdebulebebi.<br />
? Tuki Cems qveyanaSi ar arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis<br />
faqtebi?<br />
pasuxi: ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ar Seexeba mxolod<br />
darRvevebs. igi, pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs adamianis uflebebis, rogorc<br />
mTeli kacobriobis universaluri saganZuris, gagebas da maTi dacvis<br />
saWiroebis gacnobierebas. amasTanave, ar arsebobs qveyana, romelsac SeuZlia<br />
ganacxados, rom adamianis uflebaTa darRvevas adgili ara aqvs. martivi gza<br />
realobis warmosadgenad aris uSualod socialuri klimatis an<br />
sazogadoebisTvis Tvalis gadavleba: vin aris sociumisgan gariyuli? vin<br />
cxovrobs ukidures gaWirvebaSi? romeli bavSvebis uflebebi ar aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli? meore gzaa, gaiazroT Tqveni qveynis roli sxva qveynebis<br />
moqalaqeebis uflebaTa dacvaSi an darRvevaSi (mag. ekologia da<br />
ganviTarebis ufleba, iaraRiT vaWroba, globaluri siRatake, da a.S.).<br />
rCevebi maTTvis, vinc sargeblobs saxelmZRvaneloTi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
warmodgenili saxelmaZRvanelo da savarjiSoebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli<br />
iyos skolebSi, saklaso an klasgareSe programebisaTvis, seminarebis an<br />
trening-kursebisaTvis, sazafxulo an samuSao banakebSi, axalgazrdul<br />
klubebSi an jgufebSi. maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba maSinac ki, Tu upiratesad<br />
ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebTan muSaobT.<br />
rogor avirCioT savarjiSo<br />
unda airCioT Tqveni da Tqveni jgufis Sesabamisi donis savarjiSo,<br />
romelic Caeteva misTvis gamoyofil droSi. yuradRebiT gadaikiTxeT<br />
savarjiSo sul cota orjer da scadeT warmoidginoT rogori reaqcia<br />
eqneba masze jgufs da ra SeiZleba Tqvan monawileebma masTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
darwmundiT, rom gaqvT yvela aucilebeli masala. gadaamowmeT, rom sivrce<br />
sakmarisi iqneba, gansakuTrebiT maSin Tu monawileebi patara jgufebad<br />
daiyofian.<br />
Cven kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom yoveli savarjiSos<br />
instruqcia aris mxolod rekomendacia da Tqven unda gamoiyenoT es masala<br />
Tqveni moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. sxvagvarad namdvilad SeuZlebelia Seqmna<br />
savarjiSoebi, romlebic zustad Seesabameba yvela situacias mTels<br />
evropaSi. Cven moveliT, rom Tqven moaxdenT savarjiSoebis adaptirebas, mag.<br />
SegiZliaT ZiriTadi idea aiRoT erTi savarjiSodan da gamoiyenoT meoris<br />
meTodi.<br />
TiToeuli savarjiSo mocemulia standartul formatSi. logoebi da<br />
saTaurebi gamoyenebulia muSaobis gaadvilebis mizniT.<br />
simboloebi da saTaurebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba<br />
savarjiSoebis warmosadgenad<br />
sirTulis done 1 – 4 doneebi Seesabameba unar-Cvevebis zogad dones,<br />
romelic saWiroa monawileobis da/an mosamzadebeli<br />
samuSaos moculobisaTvis.<br />
Temebi globaluri Temebi, romlebic ganixileba savarjiSoSi<br />
(mag. siRatake, ekologia, mSvidoba, Zaladoba,<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba).<br />
mimoxilva iZleva mokle informacias savarjiSos tipze da masSi<br />
ganxilul sakiTxebze<br />
60<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
59
Sesabamisi uflebebi savarjiSoSi ganxiluli uflebebi (mag. sicocxlis<br />
ufleba an azris/sityvis Tavisufleba)<br />
monawileebis raodenoba ramdeni adamiani gWirdebaT savarjiSos Sesasruleblad<br />
xangrZlivoba drois miaxloebiTi raodenoba wuTebSi, romelic<br />
saWiroa mTeli savarjiSos Sesasruleblad diskusiis<br />
CaTvliT. Tu jgufis wverebis raodenoba ar aris<br />
zustad gansazRvruli, dro daaxloebiT gaTvlilia 15<br />
kacian jgufze orientaciiT.<br />
miznebi miznebi kavSirSia adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
ganaTlebis miznebTan codnis, damokidebulebebisa da<br />
faseulobebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
masalebi teqnikuri aparaturis sia, romelic saWiroa<br />
savarjiSos Casatareblad.<br />
momzadeba im samuSaoebis sia, romelic xelmZRvanelma unda<br />
Seasrulos savarjiSos dawyebamde<br />
instruqciebi instruqciebis sia, Tu rogor warvmarToT savarjiSo<br />
analizi da Sefaseba savaraudo SekiTxvebi, romlebic daexmareba<br />
xelmZRvanels savarjiSos gaanalizebisa da<br />
SefasebisaTvis (saswavlo ciklis 2-4 faza, gv. 44)<br />
rCevebi wamyvenebisaTvis rekomendaciebi. ra unda vicodeT. sad veZeboT<br />
damatebiTi informacia.<br />
variantebi winadadebebi sxvadasxva situaciebSi savarjiSoebis<br />
gamoyenebis mizniT maTi adaptaciisaTvis.<br />
SemoTavazebebi<br />
gagrZelebisTvis<br />
winadadebebi, ra gakeTdes Semdeg. kavSiri sxva<br />
savarjiSoebTan.<br />
samoqmedo winadadebebi winadadebebi qmedebaze gadasvlis momdevno<br />
nabijebisaTvis<br />
ZiriTadi TariRebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi.<br />
damatebiTi informacia savarjiSosTvis aqtualuri damatebiTi informacia<br />
dasarigebeli masala baraTi-rolebi, moqmedebis gverdebi, sakiTxavi<br />
literatura, sadiskusio baraTebi, da a.S.<br />
sirTule<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
savarjiSoebi sirTulis mixedviT kodirebulia 1 – 4 doniT, raTa<br />
miTiTebul iqnas praqtikul savarjiSoebSi monawileobisaTvis saWiro<br />
kompetenciis zogadi done da mosamzadebeli samuSaos moculoba. zogadad<br />
orive maCvenebeli erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli; 1 donis savarjiSoebi ar<br />
moiTxoven gansakuTrebul momzadebas, maSin, rodesac 4 donis savarjiSoebis<br />
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi gacilebiT rTulia.<br />
� done 1. es aris mokle, ubralo savarjiSoebi ZiriTadad<br />
damwyebTaTvis. gasamxnevebeli da kontaqtebis dasamyarebeli<br />
savarjiSoebi (`enerjaizerebi~ da `aisbreiqerebi~) am kategoriaSi
xvdebian. miuxedavad amisa, isini faseulia, radgan xels uwyoben<br />
adamianebis interaqtiulobasa da komunikacias.<br />
� done 2. es aris martivi savarjiSoebi sakiTxis mimarT interesis<br />
gasaRviveblad. ar moiTxoven winaswar codnas adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sakiTxebis sferoSi, an ukve Camoyalibebul pirovnuli an jgufuri<br />
muSaobis unar-Cvevebs. am doneze bevri savarjiSo gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
komunikaciisa da jgufuri muSaobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
da paralelurad adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebSi interesebis<br />
gaRviZebisaTvis.<br />
� done 3. es ufro xangrZlivi savarjiSoebia, romlebic mimarTulia<br />
sakiTxis Rrma gacnobierebis ganviTarebisaken da masSi Rrmad<br />
Caxedvisaken. isini saWiroeben diskusiis an jgufuri muSaobis<br />
Cvevebis ufro maRal dones.<br />
� done 4. es savarjiSoebi kidev ufro xangrZlivia. monawileebisagan<br />
moiTxovs kamaTisa da jgufuri muSaobis karg Cvevebs, koncentraciasa<br />
da TanamSromlobas. saWiroeben ufro xangrZliv mosamzadebel<br />
periods. amasTanave, gacilebiT mravlismomcvelia, ramdenadac<br />
gvTavazoben sakiTxebis ufro farTo da Rrma gagebas.<br />
globaluri kavSirebi<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili savarjiSoebi Seqmnilia adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebsa da globalur Temebs Soris arsebuli kavSirebis<br />
Seswavlis waxalisebisaTvis. amdenad, TiToeuli savarjiSos aRweraSi 16<br />
globaluri sakiTxidan miTiTebulia sami “Tema”<br />
1. adamianis zogadi 2. siRaribe 3. pirovnuli 4. genderuli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
61
62<br />
uflebebi usafrTxoeba Tanasworoba<br />
5. globalizacia 6. moqalaqeoba 7. demokratia 8. bavSvebi<br />
9. diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia<br />
13. ekologia 14. socialuri<br />
uflebebi<br />
rCevebi pedagogebisaTvis<br />
10. janmrTeloba 11. mSvidoba da<br />
Zaladoba<br />
12. ganaTleba<br />
15. sporti 16. media<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi Cven viyenebT termins “wamyvani”, raTa aRvweroT im<br />
xalxis roli (trenerebi, maswavleblebi, axalgazrda muSakebi, pedagogebi,<br />
axalgazrda moxaliseebi da a.S), romlebic koordinirebas uweven samuSaos<br />
da uZRvebian savarjiSoebs. es terminologia xazs usvams, rom adamianis<br />
uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba moiTxovs demokratiul da interaqtiul<br />
midgomas.<br />
Cven vimedovnebT, rom Tqven uxelmZRvanelebT axalgazrdebis jgufebs,<br />
mag. saklaso oTaxebSi, axalgazrdul klubebSi, treining-kursebze,<br />
axalgazrdul banakebSi an seminarebze.<br />
muSaobis jgufuri procesi<br />
jgufur muSaobas adgili aqvs, rodesac adamianebi erTad muSaoben,<br />
aerTianeben TavianT gansxvavebul unar-Cvevebs, niWs da iyeneben erTmaneTis<br />
Zlier mxareebs amocanis Sesasruleblad. jgufuri samuSao:<br />
� xels uwyobs pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas. rodesac xalxi grZnobs,<br />
rom maTi SeqmniliMmaTve ekuTvniT, ufro dainteresebuli arian<br />
SedegiT da zrunaven warmatebis miRwevaze.<br />
� aviTarebs komunukaciis unars. adamians sWirdeba mousminos, gaigos<br />
ras amboben sxvebi, reagireba moaxdinos sxvebis ideebze da gamoTqvas<br />
Tavisi azri.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� aviTarebs TanamSromlobas. xalxi maleve acnobierebs, rom rodesac<br />
isini TanamSromloben saerTo miznis misaRwevad, ufro kargi Sedegi<br />
aqvT, vidre maSin roca ejibrebian erTmanTs.<br />
� aviTarebs gadawyvetilebis miRebis una-Cvevebs konsensusis<br />
safuZvelze. monawileebi swrafad xvdebian, rom saukeTeso gza<br />
gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad aris maT xelT arsebuli mTeli<br />
informaciis Seswavla da yvelasaTvis damakmayofilebeli<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis mcdeloba. Tu vinme grZnobs, rom<br />
gamoTiSulia gadawyetilebis miRebis procesidan, SeuZlia Sewyvitos<br />
jgufis muSaoba da pativi ar sces jgufis mier miRebul<br />
gadawyvetilebebs.<br />
jgufuri muSaobis meTodebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelos me-2 TavSi arsebobs miTiTeba iseT teqnikaze,<br />
rogoricaa “gonebrivi Sturmi” da “saxeobrivi TamaSi”. qvemoT moyvanili<br />
SeniSvnebi ganmartavs am terminebs da iZleva ramdenime zogad rekomendacias<br />
maTi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.<br />
miaqcieT yuradReba, rom warmatebuli jgufuri muSaoba unda iyos<br />
orientirebuli konkretul amocanaze. aseTi amocana SeiZleba iyos mkafiod<br />
Camoyalibebuli SekiTxva, romelsac pasuxi unda gaeces an mkafiod<br />
formulirebuli problema, romelic moiTxovs gadawyvetas.<br />
gonebrivi Sturmi<br />
gonebrivi Sturmi aris gza axali sagnis gasacnobad, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
procesisaTvis gzis gasaxsnelad da bevri ideebis swrafi tempiT<br />
waarmoqmnisaTvis. es SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas specifikuri problemis<br />
gadasawyvetad an SekiTxvisTvisTvis pasuxis gasacemad.<br />
instruqciebi:<br />
� gadawyviteT romel sakiTxze gsurT ifiqroT da CamoayalibeT iseTi<br />
SekiTxvis saxiT, romelsac bevri SesaZlo pasuxi eqneba.<br />
� dawereT es SekiTxva yvelasaTvis advilad dasanax adgilze.<br />
� sTxoveT monawileebs SemogTavazon TavianTi ideebi da Camoweron<br />
isini yvelasaTvis dasanax adgilze, magaliTad dafaze. es unda iyos<br />
gamoxatuli erTi sityviT an mokle fraziT.<br />
� SewyviteT fiqri, roca ideebi amogewurebaT da Semdeg<br />
� gadaxedeT yvela SemoTavazebul winadadebebs da moiTxoveT<br />
komentireba<br />
yuradReba miaqcieT Semdeg punqtebs:<br />
� CaiwereT yvela axali winadadeba. xSirad, yvelaze SemoqmedebiTi<br />
winadadebebi gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo da sainteresoa!<br />
� aravin ar unda imsjelos, an gaakeTos komentarebi dawerilis<br />
Sesaxeb, sanam is ar aris dasrulebuli; ar gaimeoron ukve<br />
gamoTqmuli ideebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
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64<br />
� mouwodeT yvelas Tavisi wvlili Seitanos<br />
� gamoTqviT sakuTari azri mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es saWiroa<br />
jgufis wasaxaliseblad<br />
� Tu winadadeba ar aris NnaTeli, moiTxoveT ganmarteba.<br />
kedelze wera<br />
es aris gonebrivi Sturmis erT-erTi forma. monawileebi weren TavianT<br />
azrebs patara furclebze, romlebic unda miaekras kedelze. am meTodis<br />
upiratesoba aris is, rom adamians SeuZlia TavisTvis wynarad ifiqros,<br />
sanam sxvebis azri masze gavlenas moaxdens. Sedegad furclebi SeiZleba<br />
gadanacvldes da dajgufdes msgavsi ideebis mixedviT.<br />
diskusia<br />
diskusia kargi saSualebaa xelmZRvanelisTvis da monawileebisTvis<br />
sakiTxebisadmi maTi damokidebulebebis gasarkvevad. es Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis sferoSi, radganac faqtebis<br />
codnasTan erTad monawileebs aseve esaWiroebaT sakiTxebis gaanalizeba.<br />
siaxleebi, plakatebi da konkretuli magaliTebi saukeTeso instrumentia<br />
diskusiis stimulirebisaTvis. daiwyeT SekiTxviT “ras fiqrobT ... Sesaxeb?”.<br />
msjeloba wyvilebad<br />
es meTodi sasargebloa, Tuki mTliani jgufis diskusiis Sedegad ar<br />
Cndeba ideebi. sTxoveT monawileebs imsjelon sakiTxis Sesaxeb wyvilad<br />
erTi an ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi da Semdeg gauziaron danarCenebs TavianTi<br />
azrebi. male SeamCnevT rom jgufSi cocxali atmosfero Seiqmneba da<br />
ideebic mravlad gaCndeba.<br />
muSaoba mcire jgufebSi<br />
es aris mTliani jgufis muSaobis sapirispiro. es meTodi xels uwyobs<br />
yvelas monawleobas da ayalibebs TanamSromlobis principze dafuZnebul<br />
gunds. patara jgufis moculoba damokidebuli iqneba iseT praqtikul<br />
aspeqtebze rogoricaa, magaliTad, monawileebis saerTo raodenoba da<br />
savarjiSoebis Sesasrulebel farTobze. patara jgufi SeiZleba Sedgebodes<br />
2 an 3 adamianisagan, magram saukeTeso SemTxveaa 6-8 wevri. patara jgufebis<br />
muSaoba SeiZleba gagrZeldes 15 wuTi, erTi saaTi an mTeli dRe amocanis<br />
sirTulidan gamomdinare.<br />
monawileebisaTvis ubralod Tqma, rom “imsjelon sakiTxis Sesaxeb”<br />
iSviaTad aris produqtiuli. msjelobis sagnis miuxedavad, gadamwyveti<br />
yvela SemTxvevaSi aris samuSaos mkafiod gansazRvra da monawileebis<br />
orientireba imaze,, rom imuSaon miznis misaRwevad da Sedegebi acnobon<br />
jgufs. magaliTad, dasviT amocana iseTi problemis saxiT, romelic<br />
moiTxovs gadawyvetas, an SekiTxvis saxiT, romelic pasuxs moiTxovs.<br />
reitingi<br />
es saintereso meTodia, roca gWirdebaT rame specifiuri informaciis<br />
miwodeba, an konkretuli diskusiebis stimulireba patara jgufebSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
safexureobri<br />
yvelaze mniS<br />
yvelaze umn
Tqven dagWirdebaT, moamzadoT gancxadebebis baraTebis erTi paketi<br />
TiToeuli mcire jgufisaTvis. yovel kompleqtSi unda iyos 9 baraTi.<br />
moamzadeT 9 mokle, martivi sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli gancxadeba, romelzec<br />
msjeloba gsurT da dawereT erTi gancxadeba erT baraTze. jgufebma unda<br />
imsjelon am gancxadebebze da Semdeg daaxarisxon isini mniSvnelobis<br />
mixedviT. es SeiZleba gakeTdes safexurebrivi (kibe) an mravalwaxnagis<br />
(brilianti) principiT. safexurebriv daxarisxebaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
gancxadeba Tavsdeba TavSi, mis qvemoT mniSvnelobiT momdevno gancxadeba da<br />
a.S. yvelaze naklebad mniSvnelovan gancxadebamde, romelic bolo safexurze<br />
Tavsdeba.<br />
mravalwaxnagovan daxarisxebaSi monawileebi marTaven molaparakebas,<br />
romelia yvelaze mniSvnelovani gancxadeba. Semdeg ori yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani gancxadeba, Semdeg sami saSualo mniSvnelobis da a.S. rogorc<br />
es naCvenebia diagramaze. mravalwaxnagovani daxarisxeba xSirad ufro<br />
misaRebi meTodia, vinaidan sakiTxebi iSviaTad aris erTmniSvnelovani da<br />
calsaxa. es meTodi naklebad xelovnuria da Sesabamisad ufro misaRebi<br />
monawileebisaTvis. konsensunsis misaRwevad is ukeTes saSualebebs iZleva.<br />
aseTi meTodiT daxarisxebis erT-erTi variantia 8 gancxadebis dawera da<br />
erTi carieli baraTis datoveba, raTa TviT monawileebma Seavson.<br />
saxeobrivi TamaSebi<br />
es aris mokle drama, romelsac asruleben monawileebi. Tumca<br />
monawileebi xSirad eyrdnobian TavianT pirad cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas<br />
TamaSis dros, es ZiriTadad aris improvizebuli. is miznad isaxavs iseTi<br />
situaciebis Seqmnas, an movlenebis gaTamaSebas, romelic ar aris nacnobi<br />
monawileebisaTvis. saxeobriv TamaSs SeuZlia gaaumjobesos situaciis gageba<br />
da TanagrZnoba warmoSvas monawileebs Soris.<br />
� saxeobrivi TamaSi gansxvavdeba simulaciisgan imiT, rom Tumca es<br />
ukanaskneli SeiZleba Sedgebodes mokle dramebisagan, isini<br />
Cveulebisamebr winaswar aris dawerili da ar gulisxmobs<br />
improvizaciis igive xarisxs.<br />
� rolebis Sesrulebis dadebiTi mxare aris is, rom isini axdenen<br />
realuri cxovrebis imitirebas. maT SeiZleba wamoWran sakiTxebi,<br />
romlebzec ar arsebobs martivi pasuxebi, magaliTad, personaJis<br />
swori an araswori saqcielis Sesaxeb. sakiTxSi ufro Rrmad<br />
CaxedvisaTvis mosaxerxebeli meTodia rolebis gacvla monawileebs<br />
Soris.<br />
rolebis TamaSis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos monawileebis<br />
grZnobebi. pirvel rigSi mniSvnelovania, rom TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg,<br />
maT hqondeT sakmarisi dro rolidan gamosvlisaTvis. meore, yvelam pativi<br />
unda sces pirovnebis grZnobebs da jgufis socialur struqturas, mag.<br />
invalidebTan dakavSirebiT rolebis gaTamaSebis dros unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom monawileTa Soris SesaZloa romelime invalidi iyos<br />
(SesaZloa erTi SexedviT es SeumCneveli iyos), an yavdeT invalidi naTesavi,<br />
an axlo megobari. maT guli ar unda etkinoT da ar unda gaxdnen<br />
iZulebuli saaSkaraoze gamoitanon TavianTi problema, an gairiyon. Tu ase<br />
moxdeba, amas seriozuli yuradReba miaqcieT (bodiSi moixadeT,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
almasisebri ranJireba<br />
65<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
yvelaze umniSvnelo
66<br />
gadaaamisamarTeT sakiTxi da ganixilieT magaliTis saxiT, da a.S). aseve<br />
erideT stereotipebs. rolis TamaSi, monawileebis TamaSis, an imitirebis<br />
“unaris” saSualebiT, aaSkaravebs, ras fiqroben isini sxvebis Sesaxeb. es<br />
xdis am savarjiSos Zalian saxalisos. aseve kargi iqneba Tu yovelTvis<br />
ganixilavT sakiTxs analizis dros da ikiTxavT _ ”Tqveni azriT, es<br />
adamiani namdvilad iseTia, rogoric Tqven ganasaxiereT?”. yovelTvis didi<br />
saganmanaTleblo mniSvneloba aqvs monawileebis mier imis gacnobierebas,<br />
rom saWiroa informaciis mudmivi, kritikuli gadafaseba. amdenad,<br />
SegiZliaT kiTxoT maT sad moipoves informacia, romelzec aages Tavisi<br />
personaJis xasiaTi.<br />
situaciis modelireba<br />
situaciis modelireba SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc ganvrcobili<br />
saxeobrivi TamaSi, romelSic CarTulia yvela. is saSualebas aZlevs<br />
monawileebs, gamoscadon rTuli situaciebi usafrTxo atmosferoSi.<br />
simulacia yovelTvis moiTxovs emociuri daZabvis garkveul dones, rac am<br />
meTods Zalian Zlier instrumentad aqcevs. monawileebi swavloben ara<br />
mxolod TaviT da xelebiT, aramed guliTac.<br />
simulaciis Semdeg gamokiTxva gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.<br />
monawileebma unda imsjelon TavianT grZnobebze, ratom gadawyvites ama Tu<br />
im qmedebis ganxorcieleba, ra usamarTloba igrZnes da ramdenad misaRebi<br />
iyo mocemuli problemis gadawyveta. unda daexmaroT, rom SeZlon<br />
paralelebis gavleba maT mier gancdil da realur situaciebs Soris.<br />
suraTebi: fotoebi, naxatebi, naxazebi, kolaJebi<br />
“suraTi ambobs aTas sityvas”. vizualuri gamosaxulebebi Zlieri<br />
iaraRia rogorc informaciis miwodebis aseve interesis stimulirebisaTvis.<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom xatva aseve aris TviTgamoxatvis da komunikaciis<br />
mniSvnelovani saSualeba, ara mxolod maTTvis visac vizualuri azrovnebis<br />
stili axasiaTebs, aramed maTTvisac, vinc arasakmarisad Zlieria verbaluri<br />
gamoxatvis formebSi. ideebi dasuraTebuli savarjiSoebisaTvis mocemulia<br />
163 gverdze “dasuraTebul TamaSebTan” erTad.<br />
rCevebi vizualuri masalis SegrovebisaTvis<br />
� suraTebi imdenad mZlavri instrumentia, rom xelmZRvanelebisaTvis<br />
kargi iqneboda SeeqmnaT sakuTari koleqcia. fotoebis Segroveba<br />
SeiZleba auracxeli wyaroebidan, mag. gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, plakatebi,<br />
turistuli broSurebi, da misaloci baraTebi.<br />
� amoWeriT suraTebi, daadeT baraTs da gadaakariT gamWirvale<br />
laminirebuli furceli, raTa baraTebi iyos gamZle da normalurad<br />
warmosaCeni. koleqcia ufro metad daemsgavseba kompleqts Tu yvela<br />
baraTi erTi zomis iqneba. A4 aris idealuri formati, magram A5<br />
SeiZleba praqtikul kompromisad CaiTvalos.<br />
� kargi iqneba, Tu yvela suraTs ukana mxridan danomravT da miuTiTebT<br />
wyaros, originalis saTaurs, an rame sxva sasargeblo informacias.<br />
amgvarad monawileebi mxolod vizualur mxares miaqceven yuradRebas<br />
da ara sxva detalebs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� koleqciis Seqmnis dros ecadeT Tqveni arCevani iyos mravalferovani.<br />
gaiTvailiswineT sqesi, rasa, unari da uunaroba, asaki, erovneba, da<br />
kultura subkulturebis CaTvliT. ecadeT SeagrovoT suraTebi<br />
CrdiloeTidan, samxreTidan, aRmosavleTidan da dasavleTidan,<br />
sxvadasxva bunebrivi da socialuri garemodan da kulturebidan. aseve<br />
gaxsovdeT im gavlenis Sesaxeb, romelsac konkretuli suraTebi<br />
axdenen maTi zomebisa da ferebis Sedegad. am efeqtma SeiZleba<br />
daamaxinjos suraTis aRqma, ase rom ecadeT SeqmnaT Tanabari zomis,<br />
homogenuri suraTebis kompleqti.<br />
filmebi, video da radio dadgmebi<br />
filmebi, video da radio dadgmebi Zlieri instrumentia adamianis<br />
uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebisaTvis da popularulia axalgazrdebSi.<br />
filmis naxvis Semdeg gamarTuli diskusia karg safuZvels Seqmnis<br />
Semdgomi muSaobisaTvis. sadiskusio Tema aris monawileebis pirveli reaqcia<br />
filmze, ramdenad "swori" iyo es realur cxovrebasTan mimarTebaSi, iyvnen<br />
Tu ara personaJebi realisturi, Tu es iyo mcdeloba romelime<br />
politikuri an moraluri Sexedulebis damkvidrebisa.<br />
gazeTebi, radio, televizia, interneti<br />
media aris utyuari wyaro kargi sadiskusio masalisaTvis. yovelTvis<br />
sainteresoa msjeloba masalis Sinaarsisa da misi SemoTavazebis gzebis,<br />
mikerZoebisa da stereotipebis Sesaxeb.<br />
fotografireba da filmebis gadaReba<br />
portatuli videokamerebis teqnologiebi dResdReobiT yvelasaTvis<br />
advilad misawvdoms da SesaZlebels xdis suraTebisa da filmebis<br />
gadaRebas. axalgazrdebis mier Seqmnili suraTebi da filmebi saukeTesod<br />
aCvenebs maT Sexedulebebs, damokidebulebebs da warmoadgens brwyinvale<br />
saCvenebel masalas. video werilebi kargad nacadi gzaa barierebisa da<br />
prekoncefciebis winaaRmdeg. isini saSualebas aZlevs iseT adamianebs,<br />
romlebic sxvagvarad arsodes Sexvdebodnen pirispir, "isaubron" da<br />
gauziaron erTmaneTs TavianTi xedva cxovrebisa da maTTvis mniSvnelovani<br />
movlenebis Sesaxeb.<br />
zogadi rekomendaciebi savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad<br />
Tana-xelmZRvaneloba<br />
Tu es SesaZlebelia, yovelTvis uxelmZRvaneleT jgufs vinmesTan<br />
erTad. am midgomas praqtikuli upiratesoba aqvs, radganac patara jgufebis<br />
muSaobaSi daxmarebaze da individualuri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaze<br />
pasuxismgeblobas gaiziarebs 2 adamiani. roca seminari miyavs 2 adamians,<br />
ufro advilia tempisa da ritmis Secvla imisaTvis rom kursi saintereso<br />
da monawileebis mudmivi yuradRebis centrSi iyos. or xelmZRvanels<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
67
68<br />
SeuZlia erTmaneTis daxmareba, rodesac movlenebi ise ar viTardeba rogorc<br />
dagegmili iyo. aseve bevrad ufro efeqturia vinmesTan erTad sakiTxis<br />
ganxilva vidre amis marto gakeTeba. kidev ufro ukeTesi meTodi, vidre 2<br />
xelmZRvanelis erTad muSaobaa, aris gundis Camoyalibeba, SesaZlebelia<br />
TviT azalgazrdebis CarTviT.<br />
drois menejmenti<br />
yuradRebiT dagegmeT da ecadeT zedmetad ar gadatvirToT programa<br />
gamoyofil droSi. Tu savarjiSo moiTxovs met dros, vidre Tqven<br />
gegmavdiT ecadeT SeamokloT is raTa sakmarisi dro dagrCeT diskusiisTvis<br />
(ix. SeniSvnebi saswavlo ciklze, gv. 48). meores mxriv, Tu dro bevri<br />
gaqvT, nu ecdebiT diskusiis gaxangrZlivebas, gaakeTeT Sesveneba an<br />
SemoitaneT rame energiuli swrafi savarjiSo gasaxaliseblad.<br />
SeqmeniT keTilganwyobili garemo<br />
monawileebi Tavs unda grZnobdnen Tavisuflad ganxilvisa da<br />
Seswavlis, interaqtivisa da azrTa gaziarebis procesSi. iyaviT megobruli,<br />
uSualo, wamaxalisebeli da gamoavlineT iumoris grZnoba, ar gamoiyenoT<br />
Jargonebi an sityvebi, romelic monawileebs ar esmiT.<br />
daaweseT muSaobis ZiriTadi wesebi<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom yvela monawiles esmodes ZiriTadi wesebi<br />
interaqtiuli da eqsperimentuli savarjiSoebisaTvis. mag. yvelam unda<br />
aiRos Tavis wili pasuxismgebloba TiToeul seminarze, yvelas unda<br />
hqondes SesaZlebloba, rom iqnas mosmenili, mieces laparakisa da<br />
monawileobis saSualeba. aravin ar unda igrZnos zewola, rom Tqvas rame<br />
iseTi, rac misTvis uxerxulia. es ZiriTadi wesebi SeiZleba gaacnoT da<br />
SeaTanxmoT monawileebTan pirvelive Sexvedraze klasTan an jgufTan.<br />
mieciT naTeli instruqciebi<br />
yovelTvis darwmundiT rom yvelam gaigo instruqciebi da ician, ra<br />
unda gaakeTon. umartivesi gza aris SekiTxvebis mosmena da yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani punqtebis Camowera. nu SegeSindebaT SekiTxvebis, isini Zalian<br />
sasargebloa da gaZlevT Tqven (da jgufs) SesaZleblobas naTeli mohfinoT<br />
sakiTxebs. SekiTxvebis ararseboba xSirad aris zogadi gaurkvevlobis niSani<br />
(`ar minda davsva SekiTxva, radgan Cems garda, mgoni, yvelam gaigo”).<br />
daxmareba diskusiebis CatarebaSi<br />
diskusia aris adamianis uflebebis ganaTlebis procesis centraluri<br />
nawili. miaqcieT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da darwmundiT, rom jgufis<br />
yvela wevrs aqvs monawileobis saSualeba, Tu mas amis survili gaaCnia.<br />
gamoiyeneT jgufisaTvis nacnobi sityvebi, frazebi da ena, ganmarteT maTTvis<br />
ucnobi sityvebi.<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs SemogTavazon TavianTi azrebi. darwmundiT, rom<br />
lokaluri da globaluri aspeqtebi dabalansebulia da axalgazrdebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
naTlad xedaven, rom konkretuli sakiTxi pirdapir kavSirSia maT<br />
cxovrebasTan.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
mieciT monawileebs sakmarisi dro savarjiSos dasamTavreblad da, Tu<br />
saWiroa, rolidan gamosasvlelad, vidre gadaxvidodeT msjelobaze imis<br />
Sesaxeb, Tu ra moxda da ra iswavles maT. yoveli savarjiSos bolos<br />
dauTmeT dro saubars imis Sesaxeb Tu ra iswavles monawileebma da ra<br />
kavSirs xedaven isini savarjiSosa da TavianT cxovrebas Soris, TavianT<br />
sazogadoebasTan da farTo samyarosTan. gamocdileba gaazrebis gareSe<br />
naklebad efeqturia.<br />
Cven gTavazobT gaiaroT analizisa da Sefasebis procesi<br />
Tanmimdevrulad iseTi SekiTxvebis dasmiT, rogoricaa:<br />
� ra moxda savarjiSoSi da ras niSnavda es maTTvis<br />
� ra gaiges axali sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb<br />
� ra gaiges savarjiSoSi ganxiluli sakiTxis Sesaxeb<br />
� rogor SeuZliaT ganagrZon muSaoba da gamoiyenon is, rac ukve<br />
iswavles.<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania samuSaos da swavlis mimoxilva periodulad. es<br />
SeiZleba gakeTdes dRis bolos, seminarebis dros an 2-3 gakveTilis, an<br />
Sexvedrebis seriis bolos. SeiZleba aRmoaCinoT, rom mimoxilva jgufisTvis<br />
mosawyenia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu mas win uswrebda xangrZlivi diskusia.<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom ar aris aucilebeli warmarToT mimoxilva diskusiis saxiT.<br />
SegiZliaT raime sxva meTodis gamoyeneba mag. mimikebi, xatva, Zerwva da a.S.<br />
TanaxelmZRvanelebma unda gamonaxon dro dasvenebis, gantvirTvisa da<br />
Catarebuli mecadineobis mimoxilvisaTvis. isaubreT Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
� rogor warimarTa savarjiSo, Tqveni azriT: momzadeba, drois<br />
limitis dacva, da a.S.<br />
� ra iswavles monawileebma da miRweul iqna Tu ara miznebi<br />
� ra aris Sedegebi: rogor moiqceva jgufi amieridan analogiur<br />
realur situaciaSi<br />
� Tqven Tavad ra gaigeT axali ganxiluli sakiTxis da<br />
xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb<br />
roca mecadineoba moulodnel xasiaTs iRebs<br />
savarjiSoebi iSviaTad mimdinareobs zustad ise, rogorc Tqven<br />
moelodiT, an ise, rogorc isini warmodgenili da aRwerilia am<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi. es erTdroulad sainteresoc aris da rTulic. Tqven<br />
unda moaxdinoT reagireba mimdinare procesze da swrafad miiRoT<br />
gadawyvetilebebi.<br />
dro<br />
SeiZleba moxdes ise rom, savarjiSom gaitacos monawileebi da dro<br />
swrafad amoiwuros. moeTaTbireT monawileebs, SewyvitoT savarjiSo,<br />
gaagrZeloT kidev 5 wuTi, Tu rame sxva gadawyveta mouZebneT problemas.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
69
70<br />
energiis amowurva<br />
zogjer, gansakuTrebiT xangrZlivi seminaris dros, saWiroa<br />
“enerjaizeris” gamoyeneba an Sesveneba.<br />
rTuli ganxilvebi<br />
zogjer diskusiebi CixSi Sedis. Tqven mogiwevT mizezis povna, romelic<br />
SeiZleba bevri iyos – mag. Tema ukve amowurulia, an Zalian emociuria.<br />
mogiwevT gadawyvitoT, ‘SemoagdoT” SekiTxva, SecvaloT amocana Tu<br />
gaagrZeloT. arasodes ar ifiqroT, rom valdebuli xarT pasuxi gasceT<br />
monawileebis yvela SekiTxvas, an problemas. jgufma TviTon unda ipovos<br />
pasuxebi erTmaneTisTvis mosmenisa da azrTa gaziarebis saSualebiT.<br />
rasakvirvelia, maT SeiZleba gkiTxon Tqveni azri, an rCeva, magram<br />
gadawyvetileba jgufma unda miiRos.<br />
gamoxmaureba<br />
gamoxmaureba aris vinmes naTqvamze an saqcielze komentaris gakeTeba. is<br />
SeiZleba iyos pozitiuri, an kritikuli, negatiuri datvirTviT.<br />
gamoxmaurebis gakeTeba da miReba aris unari da Tqven unda daexmaroT<br />
jgufis wevrebs mis ganviTarebaSi. Zalian xSirad gamoxmaureba miiReba,<br />
rogorc destruqciuli kritika maSinac ki, Tu es ar iyo avtoris<br />
ganzraxva. gamoxmaurebasTan dakavSirebuli sityva-gasaRebi aris<br />
“pativiscema” da “argumentebi”.<br />
gamoxmaurebis miwodebis dros mniSvnelovania sxvebis pativiscema,<br />
aqcentis gakeTeba maT naTqvamze, an saqcielze da Tqveni Sexedulebis<br />
dasasabuTeblad argumentebis moyvana. umjobesia TqvaT: “me kategoriulad<br />
ar veTanxmebi rac Tqven am wuTSi TqviT. radgan.. .…” vidre “rogor<br />
SeiZleba iyoT aseTi suleli, ver xedavT, rom…?”. uaryofiTi gamoxmaureba<br />
advilad stkens guls adamians.<br />
Tqveni, rogorc xelmZRvanelis funqciaa, ipovoT gzebi imis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad, rom monawileebis gamoxmaureba iyos konstruqciuli. mag.<br />
� iwyeben komentaris gakeTebas pozitiuri ganacxadiT<br />
� pativs scemen sxvebs da ar akeTeben Seuracmyofel SeniSvnebs<br />
� aqcents akeTeben saqcielze da ara pirovnebaze<br />
� xsnian TavianTi naTqvamis mizezebs<br />
� pasuxismgeblobas iReben sakuTar mosazrebebze “me mgoni...”, “Cemi<br />
azriT...” frazebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
gamoxmaurebis miReba Znelia, gansakuTrebiT rodesac arsebobs<br />
uTanxmoeba. Tqveni rolia daexmaroT monawileebs iswavlon TavianTi<br />
gamocdilebidan, igrZnon mxardaWera da ar iyvnen daTrgunulebi. mouwodeT<br />
maT, yuradRebiT moisminon komentari sakuTari Tavisa da poziciis<br />
dauyovnebliv dacvis gareSe. Zalian mniSvnelovania, monawileebma gaigon<br />
zustad ras gulisxmobs gamoxmaurebis avtori da yuradRebiT Seafason ra<br />
iTqva, vidre miiRebdnen an uaryofdnen mas.<br />
winaaRmdegoba monawileebis mxridan<br />
interaqtiul savarjiSoebSi CarTva Zalian momTxovnia da roca Tqven<br />
iyenebT gansxvavebul meTodebs mag. kamaTi, xatva, saxeobrivi TamaSebi,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gardauvali iqneba is faqti, rom yvela savarjiSo yovelTvis ar iqneba<br />
misaRebi TiToeuli monawilisaTvis. Tu monawiles SeuZlia damajereblad<br />
axsnas ratom ar moswons esa Tu is savarjiSo, maSin Tqven SeZlebT<br />
moagvaroT problema dialogisa da molaparakebis saSualebiT, misi<br />
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
“winaaRmdegobis” qveS Cven vgulisxmobT saqciels, romelic ganzrax<br />
destruqciulia. yvela xelmZRvanels erTxel mainc aqvs gamocdili<br />
monawileTa mxridan winaaRmdegoba. is SeiZleba gamoixatos sxvadasxva<br />
formiT. axalgazrdam, romelic araa darwmunebuli Tavis TavSi, SeiZleba<br />
skami aaWraWunos, laparaki dauwyos gverdiT mjdoms. ufro daxvewili gza<br />
aris umniSvnelo SekiTxvebis dasma, yvelafris masxrad agdeba. kidev erTi<br />
“meTodi“, romelsac mowinaaRmdegeebi mimarTaven, aris “xelmZRvanelis<br />
Cagdeba”. maT SeiZleba Tqvan msgavsi ram _ “Tqven ar gesmiT es, Tqven didi<br />
xnis win iyaviT axalgazrda”, an “ratom gvaqvs mxolod ganxilvebi,<br />
CavataroTYufro meTi TamaSebi”. “winaaRmdegobis” mesame tipi aris<br />
swavlisTvis Tavis arideba. maT SeiZleba Tqvan: ”xo magram…”.<br />
ra Tqma unda saukeTeso gzaa winaaRmdegobisTvis Tavis arideba. mag.:<br />
� yuradReba miaqcieT jgufis yvela wevrs da yvela emocias, romelic<br />
SeiZleba aRZras konkretulma savarjiSom, an - rolma saxeobriv<br />
TamaSSi.<br />
� daarwmuneT yvela, rom aravin aZalebs vinmes Tqvas an gaamJRavnos is,<br />
risi Tqma an gamJRavnebac ar surs.<br />
� mieciT monawileebs dro “moTelvisaTvis” savarjiSos win da<br />
dawynarebisTvis - mis Semdeg.<br />
� ar dagaviwydeT, rom unda gamoyoT sakmarisi dro diskusiisa da<br />
Sedegebis SejamebisaTvis, raTa yvelam igrZnos, rom maTi azri da<br />
monawileoba faseuli iyo.<br />
Tqven Tavad mogiwevT, airCioT rTuli situaciis mogvarebis saukeTeso<br />
gza, magram gaxsovdeT, rom Cveulebriv, saukeTeso gza problemis<br />
gadasaWrelad aris misi saaSkaraoze gamotana da mTeli jgufis CarTva<br />
gadawyvetilebis povnaSi. ar CaerToT xangrZliv diskusiaSi, an kamaTSi<br />
jgufis romelime calkeul wevrTan. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios sxva<br />
monawileebis ganawyeneba, an imedgacrueba da maTi interesis dakargva.<br />
jgufSi arsebuli konfliqtebis marTva<br />
jgufSi SeiZleba warmoiSvas konfliqtebi. es bunebrivia da Tqveni<br />
roli aris daexmaroT monawileebs maT daregulirebaSi. konfliqtebi<br />
SeiZleba aRmocendes Tu monawileebi daZabulad grZnoben Tavs emociebTan<br />
da moralur faseulobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi, Tu maT ara aqvT<br />
sakmarisi kompetencia jgufuri muSaobisaTvis an Tu aqvT radikalurad<br />
gansxvavebuli midgoma sakiTxis an sxvadasxva faseulobebis mimarT. ecadeT<br />
SeinarCunoT simSvide da ar CaerToT konfliqtSi.<br />
� gaxsovdeT konfliqti SeiZleba iyos sasargeblo da SemoqmedebiTi Tu<br />
mas saTanadod warmarTavT.<br />
� sakmaris dros dauTmobT gamokiTxvas da diskusias. Tu saWiroa<br />
gamoyaviT damatebiTi dro.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
71
72<br />
� daexmareT monawileebs poziciebis, interesebis da Sexedulebebis<br />
garkvevaSi<br />
� SearbileT daZabuloba jgufSi. mag. TxoveT yvelas dasxdnen an<br />
ilaparakon mcire jgufebSi 3 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an TqviT raime<br />
iseTi, rac gamoasworebs situacias.<br />
� mouwodeT yvelas aqtiurad mousminon erTmaneTs.<br />
� aqcenti gaakeT imaze, rac aerTianebs da ara imaze, rac aSorebs<br />
monawileebs.<br />
� eZebeT konsensusi. daexmareT monawileebs dainaxon saerTo interesebi<br />
imis nacvlad, rom wavidnen kompromisebze da daTmon TavianTi<br />
pirvandeli poziciebi.<br />
� eZebeT gadawyvetilebebi, romelTac SeuZliaT problemis gadaWra da<br />
ar Seicavs axali konfliqtis Seqmnis safrTxes.<br />
� TxoveT konfliqtis monawileebs TavianTi azri gamoTqvan sxva dros<br />
kerZo saubrebSi.<br />
Tuki wamoiWreba ufro seriozuli da Rrma problemebi, albaT ukeTesi<br />
iqneba Tu gadadebT maT gadawyvetas da daelodebiT ufro xelsayrel<br />
SemTxvevas problemasTan dasabruneblad. amasobaSi SeiZleba ifiqroT rogor<br />
miudgeT problemas sxva kuTxidan, magaliTad, iseTi mokle TamaSis<br />
SesrulebiT, rogoricaa “muSti da xelis guli’’ (gv. 73). konfliqtis<br />
gadawyvetis gadadebiT Tqven aZlevT dros konfliqtis monawileebs<br />
situaciis gasaanalzeblad da axali midgomebisa da gadawyvetilebebis<br />
sapovnelad.<br />
jgufSi wamoWrili konfliqtebi da maTi gadaWris gzebi SeiZleba<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas sakiTxis gaazrebis, misi mizezebis gagebis da<br />
konfliqtebis sirTulis warmodgenisaTvis realur samyaroSi.<br />
sawinaaRmdegoc SeiZleba moxdes: saerTaSoriso konfliqtebis ganxilvam<br />
SeiZleba warmodgena Seqmnas lokalur konfliqtebze.<br />
damatebiTi informacia konfliqtebis menejmentis Sesaxeb ixileT<br />
savarjiSoSi “iTamaSe!” O(gv. 196).<br />
efeqturi saswavlo jgufebis Camoyalibebis meTodebi da xerxebi<br />
Cven aRvwereT jgufuri muSaoba da misi roli empiriul swavlebaSi. aq<br />
ki Cven aRvwerT ramodenime zogad savarjiSos I doneze, romelic<br />
specifikurad aviTarebs jgufuri samuSaos unarCvevebs. es savarjiSoebi<br />
warmoadgens karg “lokomotivs” da saxelmZRvanelos; sxva savarjiSoebTan<br />
erTad efeqturi meTodia adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebis wamosaWrelad.<br />
kargi iqneba Tu zogjer xelmZRvanelic SeuerTdeba jgufs am TamaSebis<br />
SesrulebaSi kontaqtebis dasamyareblad. pasuxismgebloba, komunikacia da<br />
TanamSromloba _ aris ZiriTadi unarebi kargi jgufuri samuSaosTvis.<br />
SeuerTdiT xazs<br />
es savarjiSo Zalian martivia, magram Seicavs yvela Tvisebas da<br />
proceduras, raTa daexmaros monawileebs iswavlon pasuxismgeblobis<br />
sakuTar Tavze aReba jgufSi. es kargi savarjiSoa urTierTobebis<br />
gasaumjobeseblad.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: nebismieri dro: 15 wuTi<br />
da meti<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. TxoveT jgufs daewyon mwkrivSi simaRlis mixedviT, ise rom yvelaze<br />
dabali monawile win moxvdes da yvelaze maRali ukan. maT ar unda<br />
ilaparakon, magram SeuZliaT ikontaqton bgerebis, miniSnebebis da<br />
mimikis gamoyenebiT.<br />
2. rodesac daewyobian mwkrivSi gadaamowmeT rom Tanmimdevroba<br />
zustadaa daculi.<br />
3. gaimeoreT savarjiSo da TxoveT monawileebs daewyon mwkrivSi<br />
sxvadasxva kriteriumebis mixedviT, romlebic saxalisos gaxdis<br />
TamaSs, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi saxifaTos. mag. SeiZleba es<br />
kriteriumebi iyos asaki, dabadebis Tve (ianvari an dekemberi),<br />
fexsacmlis zoma, da a.S.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
ecadeT daexmaroT jgufs imis gaanalizebaSi Tu rogor imuSaves maT<br />
erTad da ra aris kargi jgufuri muSaoba. savaraudo SekiTxvebia:<br />
� ra problemebi gqondaT organizebis dros?<br />
� ram Seanela jgufis muSaoba?<br />
� oyo lideri saWiro? vinmes hqonda lideris funqcia? rogor iyvnen<br />
isini arCeuli?<br />
� ra pasuxismgebloba ekisreboda jgufis TiToeul wevrs problemis<br />
gadawyvetaSi?<br />
� rogor SeuZlia jgufs momavalSi ufro swrafad gadaWras problema?<br />
gaagrZele, gismenT<br />
es savarjiSo aqcents akeTebs mosmenis unarCvevebze, magram aseve xels<br />
uwyobs logikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas da azris Tavdajerebulad<br />
gamoTqmas.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: nebismieri dro: 35<br />
wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. CaatareT gonebrivi Sturmi Temaze: ras niSnavs icode mosmena.<br />
2. TxoveT monawileebs dajgufdnen samad: erTi iyos spikeri, erTi<br />
msmeneli da erTic damkvirvebeli.<br />
3. uTxariT spikers, rom mas 5 wuTi aqvs imisaTvis, rom msmenels<br />
gauziaros Tavisi piradi azri maTTvis saintereso sakiTxis Sesaxeb<br />
(mag. kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sikvdiliT<br />
dasja, sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva an raime sxva Tema rac<br />
moiTxovs aRweras, analizs da azris Camoyalibebas.)<br />
4. msmenelma unda moisminos da gaacnobieros sakiTxis arsi, ratom aris<br />
is mniSvnelovani spikerisTvis da raSi mdgomareobs warmodgenili<br />
Sexedulebebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
73
5. damkvirvebeli Tvals adevnebs ramdenad aqtiuria msmenelis mosmenis<br />
unarCveva. maT ar unda miiRon monawileoba diskusiaSi, yuradRebiT<br />
unda daakvirdnen diskusias da Tavi Seikavon rCevebisagan vidre<br />
savarjiSos dro ar amoiwureba.<br />
6. 5 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg SewyviteT TamaSi da TxoveT damkvirvebels<br />
gamoTqvas Tavisi azri. ase gaagrZeleT manam sanam yvela monawiles ar<br />
eqneba saSualeba iyos spikeri, msmeneli da damkvirvebeli.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
imsjeleT savarjiSos Sesaxeb. zogierTi sasargeblo SekiTxva SeiZleba<br />
iyos:<br />
� gamoxates Tu ara saTanadod spikerebma Tavisi azri da grZnobebi<br />
sakiTxis Sesaxeb, iyo Tu ara maTTvis sasargeblo iseT pirovnebasTan<br />
saubari, romelsac gaaCnda aqtiuri mosmenis unarCvevebi?<br />
� rogor igrZnes maT Tavi msmenelis rolSi? iyo Zneli gesmina da ar<br />
Segewyvetinebina raTa gamogeTqva komentari an sakuTari azri?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebisaTvis<br />
jgufi SeiZleba dasawyisSi SeCerdes Semdeg sakiTxebze, imedia<br />
savarjiSos bolos isini SeZleben yvela am punqtis da damatebiT sxvebis<br />
CamoTvlas:<br />
kargi msmeneli:<br />
� gamoxatavs pativiscemas, TvalebSi uyurebs spikers da ar akeTebs<br />
zedmet moZraobebs.<br />
� aCvenebs, rom yuradRebiT usmens da amas gamoxatavs Tavis dakvriT an<br />
fraziT: ”gaagrZeleT gismenT”.<br />
� ar awyvetinebs<br />
� ar Cqarobs pauzebis Sevsebas da aZlevs mosaubres fiqris da saubris<br />
gagrZelebis dros.<br />
� ar cvlis saubris Temas komentarebis an gansxvavebuli azris<br />
gamoTqmis gziT.<br />
� iyenebs Semxvedr SekiTxvebs raTa gaamxnevos mosaubre, raTa am<br />
ukanasknelma gaagrZelos saubari an gaakeTos daskvnebi.<br />
� ajamebs an imeorebs spikeris SeniSvnebs drodadro, raTa aCvenos rom<br />
yvelaferi gasagebia.<br />
� reaqcias iZleva im grZnobebze, romelic SeiZleba idges mosaubris<br />
sityvebis ukan da aCvenebs, rom esmis misi.<br />
adamianebis manqana<br />
es usityvo savarjiSoa imis saCveneblad Tu rogor SeuZliaT jgufis<br />
wevrebs erTmaneTs upasuxon da gaaerTianon maTi individualuri wvlili<br />
erT mTlianobad<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 6 an meti dro: 15 wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. TxoveT monawileebs dadgnen wreSi<br />
74 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
2. auxseniT maT, rom erTad unda aagon erTi uzarmazari meqanikuri<br />
manqana mxolod maTi sxeulebis saSualebiT<br />
3. TxoveT erTerTs daiwyos. is irCevs raime martiv ganmeorebad<br />
moZraobas rogoricaa magaliTad xelis ritmuli awev-daweva. amave<br />
dros isini gamoscemen raime damaxasiaTebel bgrebs, mag. grZeli<br />
stvena.<br />
4. TxoveT meore monawiles gamovides da dadges axlos an Seexos<br />
pirvels. is TviTon irCevs sakuTar moZraobas da xmas. mag. SeiZleba<br />
irweodes da ambobdes Cq, Cq. amasTanave inarCunebs temps da ritms<br />
pirvelis Sesabamisad.<br />
5. TxoveT sxva moxaliseebsac saTiTaod SemogierTdnen. maT SeuZliaT<br />
mieban manqanis nebismier nawils da daumaton mas Tavisi sakuTari<br />
moZraoba da bgerebi.<br />
6. sabolood mTeli jgufi unda iyos urTierTdakavSirebuli, imoZraon<br />
mravali urTierTdakavSirebuli gziT da warmoqmnan mravlnairi<br />
bgerebi.<br />
7. rodesac Yyvela CaerTveba da manqana Seuferxeblad imuSavebs, Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT “udiriJoroT” maT raTa SeaneloT an aaCqaroT, ufro<br />
xmamaRali an xmadabali gaxadoT manqanis muSaoba.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Tqven SegiZliaT hkiTxoT jgufs:<br />
� ra msgavsebas xedaven isini “manqanasa” da efeqtur saswavlo jgufs<br />
Soris?<br />
� ra unarCvevebi dasWirdaT maT? pasuxismgebloba? mosmenisa da pasuxis<br />
gacemis Cvevebi? TanamSromloba? kidev ra?<br />
muSti da xelis guli<br />
es savarjiSo sasargebloa TanamSromlobis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
sirTule: done 2 jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 8 da meti dro: 40 wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. daxazeT qulebis cxrili dafaze<br />
2. TxoveT monawileebs dajgufdnen wyvilebad; erTi iyos A, meore B.<br />
3. irive maTgani xelebs iwyobs zurgs ukan da erTad iTvlian samamde.<br />
4. sam daTvlaze maT erTdroulad unda wamoiRon xeli win da aCvenon<br />
an muSti an xelis guli.<br />
5. TxoveT wyvilebs Caweron qulebi<br />
6. iTamaSeT 10 raundi<br />
7. savarjiSos bolos dawereT dafaze TiToeuli wyvilis rogorc<br />
individualuri aseve Sejamebuli qulebi<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
SekiTxvebi romelic SeiZleba dasvaT aris Semdegi:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
75
76<br />
� vin miiRo yvelaze maRali qula wyvilebs Soris? rogor iTamaSeT<br />
imisTvis rom mogegoT?<br />
� vis aqvs yvelaze dabali qula? rogori SegrZneba gaqvT? ra moxda?<br />
� hqonda raime SeTanxmebas adgili wyvilebs Soris imaze Tu rogor<br />
eTanamSromlaT? Tu ase iyo vinmem daarRvia SeTanxmeba? ratom?<br />
rogori iyo Tqveni partnioris reaqcia?<br />
� SeadareT im jgufebis jamuri qulebi, romlebSic monawileebi<br />
TanamSromlobdnen im jgufebTan, romlebSic ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs.<br />
iyo raime upiratesoba TanamSromlobaSi? Tu ki ra iyo<br />
konkretulad? (jamuri qulebi? kargi SegrZneba? megobrebad<br />
darCena?)<br />
diskusiis warmarTvis Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi da<br />
xerxebi<br />
diskusiebi aseve warmoadgens saSualebas mosmenis, morigeobiT saubrisa<br />
da sxva jgufuri unarebis gavarjiSebisaTvis, romlebic mniSvnelovania<br />
sxvebis uflebebis pativiscemis TvalsazrisiT. imisaTvis rom yvelas mieces<br />
monawileobis saSualeba jgufi unda iyos marTvadi raodenobis. Tu Tqveni<br />
jgufi Zalian didia mag. 15-20 kaci, ukeTesi iqneba misi mcire jgufebad<br />
dayofa diskusiebis dros. interaqtiulobisa da monawileobis<br />
stimulirebis mizniT sasurvelia dasvaT monawileebi wreSi an naxevarwreSi<br />
sadac maT SeuZliaT uyuron erTmaneTs. zogadi mimarTulebebi, romlebzec<br />
unda imsjelon da SeTanxmdnen jgufis wevrebi SeiZleba moicavdes:<br />
� yovelTvis saTiTaod unda laparakobdnen<br />
� gansjiTi xasiaTis komentarebi an dacinva dagmobilia<br />
� yvela pirovnebam unda imsjelos Tavisi Sexedulebidan da<br />
gamocdilebidan gamomdinare da ar ganazogados azri sxvebis saxeliT,<br />
anu gamoiyenos “me” gancxadebebi.<br />
� gaxsovdeT rom savaraudod arsebobs erTze meti “swori” pasuxi<br />
� SeTanxmdiT rom daicavT konfidencialuroba mgrZnobiare sakiTxebze<br />
saubris dros<br />
� yvelas aqvs ufleba SeinarCunos dumili da ar miiRos raime sakiTxis<br />
garSemo gamarTul diskusiaSi monawileoba Tu maT amis survili aqvT.<br />
SesaZloa gamogadgeT Semdegi strategia:<br />
instruqciebi<br />
mikrofoni<br />
es efeqturia im jgufebSi romlebsac uWirT mosmena<br />
jgufi zis wreSi. magnitofonis (an raime msgavsi sagnis) Zveli<br />
mikrofoni gadaawodeT wreSi. mxolod im monawiles aqvs laparakis ufleba,<br />
romelsac mikrofoni uWiravs. danarCenebma unda usminon da uyuron<br />
mosaubres. rodesac is saubars morCeba mikrofoni gadaecema momdevno<br />
monawiles, romelsac surs azris gamoTqma.<br />
dilema TamaSebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
es sasargebloa monawileebis waxalisebisaTvis raTa maT gamoTqvan TavianTi<br />
azri, mousminon sxvebs da Secvalon Sexeduleba axali gaazrebis fonze. es<br />
SeiZleba sxvadasxva gziT moxdes.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. moamzadeT 3-4 winaaRmdegobrivi gancxadeba im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
romelzec muSaobT, mag. “ar unda arsebobdes araviTari SezRudva<br />
sityvis TavisuflebaSi”.<br />
2. gaavleT xazi iatakze carciT an TokiT<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom xazis marjvena mxare warmoadgens gancxadebasTan<br />
daTanxmebas xolo marcxena dauTanxmeblobas. xazTan daSorebis<br />
manZili aCvenebs Tanxmobis an dauTanxmeblobis Zalas, rac ufro<br />
Sors varT xazisgan miT ufro metad veTanxmebiT an ar veTanxmebiT<br />
ganacxads. oTaxis kedlebi aris sazRvari! xazze dgoma niSnavs, rom<br />
pirovnebas ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli azri.<br />
4. waikiTxeT pirveli gancxadeba<br />
5. TxoveT monawileebs dadgnen xazis im wertilSi, romelic gamoxatavs<br />
maT azrs gancxadebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
6. axla ki TxoveT maT axsnan ratom dganan iq sadac dganan.<br />
7. mieciT yvela msurvels laparakis saSualeba. Semdeg ikiTxeT aqvs Tu<br />
ara vinmes poziciis Secvlis survili.<br />
8. rodesac yvela vinc es saWirod CaTvla gadaadgildeba, TxoveT maT<br />
axsnan amis mizezebi<br />
9. dasviT raime sxva SekiTxvebic.<br />
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis Cvevebis ganviTarebis<br />
meTodebi da xerxebi<br />
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miReba konsensusis safuZvelze xangrZlivi<br />
procesia da monawileebisagan moiTxovs komunikaciis karg Cvevebs,<br />
mgrZnobiarobas sxvebis moTxovnebis mimarT, fantazias, ndobas da<br />
moTminebas. mxolod amis Semdeg SeZleben monawileebi sakiTxis<br />
gulwrfelad ganxilvas, cenzurisa da gakritikebis da dacinvis SiSis<br />
gareSe azris gamoTqmas da azris Tavisuflad Secvlas racionaluri<br />
argumentirebis Sedegad.<br />
konsensusis misaRwevad Sroma niSnavs monawileebma gaacnobieron azrTa<br />
mTeli speqtri jgufSi da yuradRebiT ganixilon yvela jgufSi arsebuli<br />
azri, raTa miRweul iqnas saerTo interesebis safuZvelze<br />
urTierTSeTanxmebuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba. konsensusisa da<br />
gadawyvetiebis miRebis miRweva ar aris advilad saxelmZRvanelo.<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi SeiZleba damTavrdes sxvadasxvagvarad:<br />
� erTi mxare arwmunebs meores. es rasakvirvelia, aris is rasac<br />
umetesob aTvlis rom xdeba, rodesac maT xmebis umrvlesoba aqvT.<br />
magram es SeiZleba Tavisuflad iyos aseve raime mniSvnelovani<br />
Sexedulebis ugulvebelyofa. rodesac konsensusi miiRweva<br />
darwmunebis xarjze es niSnavs, rom TiTqmis jgufSi yvela eTanxmeba<br />
im azrs rom argumentebi erT-erTi Sexedulebis gasamyareblad aris<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
77
78<br />
Seuvali da absoluturi. da amitomac isini Tmoben TavianT adrindel<br />
pozicias da emxrobian argumentirebul azrs.<br />
� erTi mxare nebdeba. zogjer monawileebi fiqroben rom es ar Rirs<br />
energiis xarjvad da uaryofen TavianT pozicias. sxvagvarad<br />
moazrovneTa pozicia umniSvnelovanesia SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebisaTvis. xSirad erTi adamiani flobs ZiriTad informacias,<br />
romelic SeiZleba aRmoCndes gadamwyveti. monawileebs unda SeeZloT<br />
azris Secvla Tavisuflad rogorc ki axali informacia gaxdeba<br />
maTTvis cnobili. rodesac muSaoba mimarTulia konsensusis<br />
miRwevisaken monawileebs unda hqondeT Tavisufleba ganixilon<br />
mTeli rigi poziciebi da ar unda SeeqmnaT iseTi grZnoba TiTqos<br />
Tavis mxares Ralatoben Tuki isini azrs icvlian.<br />
� orive mxare poulobs axal alternativas. uTanxmoeba SeiZleba<br />
zogjer gadailaxos Tu monawileebi Sewyveten im TavianTi poziciebis<br />
dacvas da ecdebian gamonaxon alternatiuli gadawyveta, romelic<br />
daakmayofilebs orive mxares. xSirad arcerT jgufs ar uwevs raimes<br />
daTmoba da orives rCeba SegrZneba rom maT “gaimarjves”.<br />
� jgufi gadaiazrebs sakiTxs. konsensusis gulwrfel Zebnas xSirad<br />
miyavs monawileebi imis gaazrebamde, rom konfliqti gamowveulia<br />
semantikuri sirTuleebiT an meore mxaris poziciis araswori<br />
gagebiT. zogjer orive mxare xvdeba, rom maT mwvaved daafiqsires<br />
Tavisi pozicia da radganac isini miiltvian konsensusisken arbileben<br />
TavianT Sexedulebebs da pouloben sakiTxis imgvarad danaxvis gzas,<br />
romelic orive mxarisaTvis misaRebia.<br />
� yvela mxare Tmobs cotas. zogjer rodesac monawileebi akvirdebian<br />
ra aqvT saerTo isini SeiZleba mividnen gadawyvetilebamde, romelic<br />
akmayofilebs orive mxaris moTxovnaTa umetesobas ufro metad vidre<br />
erTi mxaris yvela moTxovnas, xolo meorisas ki arc erTs.<br />
� orive mxare Tanxmdeba Sesvenebaze. zogjer procesSi CarTuli yvela<br />
mxare Tanxmdeba, rom maT ara aqvT sakmarisi informacia raTa miiRon<br />
gonivruli gadawyvetileba, an isini metismetad ganawyenebuli arian<br />
imisaTvis, rom mividnen realur gadawyvetilebamde. am SemTxvevaSi maT<br />
SesaZloa arCion sakiTxis gadadeba vidre ar moipoveben sakmaris<br />
codnas da informcias racionaluri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.<br />
kvanZebi<br />
es savarjiSo kargi “lokomotivi” da “energetikia”. is moicavs<br />
TanamSromlobis da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unar-Cvevebs.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 10 -20 dro: 10 wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
TxoveT yvela monawiles dadgnen wreSi erTmaneTis mxardamxar da<br />
xelebi daiWiron win gawvdili.<br />
� axla isini unda miwvdnen sxva monawileebis xelebs ise, rom<br />
TiToeuls eWiros 2 danarCeni monawilis xeli. ar SeiZleba vinme<br />
uSualod gverdiT mdgomis xelis daWera. (Sedegad miiReba xelebisgan<br />
gakeTebuli didi kvanZi!)<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� TxoveT monawileebs gaxsnan kvanZi ise, rom ar gauSvan erTmaneTs<br />
xeli.<br />
� SeniSvna: maT mouxdebaT gaZvren erTmaneTis xelebis qveS an<br />
gadaabijon maT. es cotaoden moTminebas moiTxovs magram Sedegi<br />
gasaocari iqneba - 1 an 2 didi wre.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
� SegiZliaT kiTxoT jgufs rogor imuSaves erTad imisaTvis, rom<br />
gaexsnaT kvanZi.<br />
� iyo Tu ara es demokratiuli procesi?<br />
� ramdeni gza arsebobda gadawyvetilebamde misasvlelad?<br />
� yvelam gamoTqva winadadebebi Tu erTma adamianma aiRo lideris<br />
funqciebi da warmarTa kvanZis gaxsna?<br />
wertilebi iatakze!<br />
es aris energetikuli TamaSi, romelic moicavs TanamSromlobas da<br />
gadawyvetilebis jgufur miRebas. is aseve aris kargi “lokomotivi” da<br />
“energetiki”.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 6-25 dro: 15 wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. auxseniT jgufs, rom am TamaSSi sxeulis 9 “wertili” unda Seexos<br />
iataks: 2 fexi, 2 xeli, 2 idayvi, 2 muxli da 1 Subli.<br />
2. TxoveT monawileebs ganlagdnen oTaxis SuagulSi. gamoacxadeT raime<br />
cifri 1-dan 9-mde da auxseniT TiToeul moTamaSes, rom isini unda<br />
Seexon iataks gamocxadebuli raodenobis wertilebiT. gaimeoreT<br />
savarjiSo kidev 2-jer.<br />
3. TxoveT monawileebs ipovon partniori. gamoacxadeT ricxvi 2-dan 18mde.<br />
monawileTa wyvilebma unda imuSaon erTad raTa iataks Seaxon<br />
wertilebis zusti raodenoba. gaimeoreT savarjiSo kidev 2-jer.<br />
4. gaimeoreT TamaSi 4 wevrisagan Semdgar jgufTan, Semdeg 8, Semdeg 16<br />
vidre yvela ar CaerTveba da ar imuSavebs erTad.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanels<br />
SegiZliaT monawileebs neba darToT ikontaqton mxolod miniSnebebiT<br />
da mimikiT.<br />
rodesac 4 wevri erTad TamaSobs yvelaze dabali cifri SeiZleba iyos<br />
2. aseT SemTxvevaSi 2 monawile dgas cal fexze!<br />
rodesac 4 adamiani TamaSobs yvelaze dabali praqtikuli cifri iqneba<br />
4. (yvelaze maRali ki iqneba 4x9=36).<br />
TiToeul raundSi gamocxadebuli umaRlesi ricxvi ar unda<br />
aRematebodes jgufis wevrebis raodenobas 9-ze gamravlebuls.<br />
duetidan kvartetamde<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
79
80<br />
es savarjiSo moicavs diskusiisa da molaparakebis process.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 4 da meti dro: 45 wuTi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. TxoveT jgufs daewyon wyvilebad amocanis Sesasruleblad, romelic<br />
moicavs msjelobisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebas. magaliTad, jgufi<br />
unda SeTanxmdes: eqskursiaze gasvlis TariRis, adamianis uflebebis<br />
ganmartebis an adamianis uflebebaTagan 3 yvelaze mniSvnelovanis<br />
amorCevis Sesaxeb.<br />
2. gamoyaviT 10 wuTi am etapisTvis.<br />
3. Semdeg TxoveT wyvilebs Seqmnan 4 kaciani jgufi da gaimeoron<br />
procesi.<br />
4. SeniSvna: Tu am savarjiSos iyenebT praqtikul sakiTxebze<br />
koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis, mag. eqskursiis mowyoba,<br />
maSin unda gaagrZeloT savarjiSo da SeasruloT axali raundebi 8<br />
da 16 wevrian jgufebSi sanam yvela ar gaerTiandeba erT did jgufSi<br />
da ar miiRweva konsensusi, romelic saukeTesod akmayofilebs yvelas<br />
moTxovnebs. Tu am meTods iyenebT adamianis uflebebis ganmartebis<br />
gansaxilvelad, CaatareT plenaruli sxdoma mas Semdeg, rac 4 kaciani<br />
jgufebi daasruleben diskusias. es Tavidan agacilebT savarjiSos<br />
ganmeorebiT gamowveul erTferovnebas da mis mosawyenad gadaqcevas.<br />
gamokiTxva da analizi<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis bunebis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis<br />
SemoTavazebuli kiTxvebia:<br />
� meTods didi dro sWirdeba. Rirda Sedegi amad?<br />
� igrZno Tu ara yvelam Tavi procesSi CarTulad da mosmenilad<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros (maSinac ki Tu saboloo<br />
gadawyvetileba ar iyo maTTvis yvelaze sasurveli varianti).<br />
� arsebobda umciresobaTa raime moTxovnebi, romlebic ver aisaxa<br />
saTanadod? (mag. eqskursiis TariRTan dakavSirebiT).<br />
analitikuri TamaSebi<br />
treiningis an nebismieri saswavlo programis dros mniSvnelovania<br />
ganvlilisaTvis periodulad Tvalis gadavleba. qvemoT moyvanili<br />
savarjiSoebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismier dros. isini monawileebs<br />
sTavazoben saxaliso gzas TavianTi gamocdilebis safuZvelze swavlisaTvis.<br />
es savarjiSoebi eyrdnoba xatvis, Zerwvis da Txrobis meTodebs.<br />
bolo TamaSi<br />
es SeiZleba iyos gamoxmaurebis miRebis Zalian swrafi gza. rac ufro met<br />
raundebs TamaSobT miT met gamoxmaurebas iRebT.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: nebismieri dro: 3-4 wuTi<br />
TiTo raundze<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
instruqciebi<br />
1. TxoveT monawileebs dasxdnen wreSi<br />
2. mokled SeaxseneT ra aqvT gakeTebuli<br />
3. airCieT qvemoT moyvanili gancxadebebidan erTi wyvili<br />
4. TxoveT wreSi msxdomT rig-rigobiT daaboloon gancxadeba. araviTari<br />
komentari an diskusia ar daiSveba.<br />
5. daamateT raundebi Tu dro grCebaT an Tu ufro meti gamoxmaurebis<br />
miReba gsurT.<br />
gancxadebebis nimuSebi:<br />
� yvelaze kargi savarjiSoSi iyo... da yvelaze cudi iyo...<br />
� yvelaze saintereso iyo... yvelaze mosawyeni iyo...<br />
� rac yvelaze metad ar momewona aris... rac yvelaze metad momewona<br />
aris...<br />
� yvelaze saxaliso iyo... yvelaze seriozuli iyo...<br />
� me visurvebdi rom yofiliyo meti... da naklebi...<br />
� yvelaze metad risi gakeTebac momewona... yvelaze naklebad risi<br />
gakeTeba ar momewona...<br />
� yvelaze Tavdajerebulad vigrZeni Tavi rodesac... yvelaze naklebad<br />
Tavdajerebulad ki rodesac...<br />
maRla da dabla<br />
es meTodi Zalian swrafia da iynebs pantomimas<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: nebismieri dro: 5 wuTi<br />
momzadeba<br />
moifiqreT 3 an 4 SekiTxva jgufisTvis. mag. “mogewonaT savarjiSo?” an<br />
“iswavleT raime axali?”<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. xmamaRla waikiTxeT pirveli SekiTxva.<br />
2. TxoveT jgufs moifiqron pasuxi da Semdeg mTeli sxeuliT<br />
gamoxaton rogori SegrZneba aqvT. Tu isini mtkiced eTanxmebian<br />
gancxadebas maSin xelebi unda aswion rac SeiZleba maRla da<br />
SeiZleba fexis wverebzec ki dadgnen. xalxi, romelic kategoriulad<br />
ar eTanxmeba unda Cajdes an dawves kidec iatakze. zogierTma<br />
monawilem SeiZleba raime gardamavali poziciac ki gamonaxos TavianTi<br />
pasuxis gamosaxatavad.<br />
3. sTxoveT jgufs modundes da waikiTxeT momdevno SekiTxva.<br />
Sexedulebebi<br />
am savarjiSoSi moZraoba erwymis msjelobis SesaZlebobas<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 10 da meti dro: 10 wuTi<br />
momzadeba moamzadeT 3 an 4 SekiTxva, mag. “mogewonaT savarjiSo?” an<br />
“iswavleT raime axali?”<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
81
82<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. daarqviT darbazis oTx kedels saxelebi: “diax”, “ara”, “ar vici”, da<br />
“raRac mindoda meTqva” 4 gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis warmosadgenad.<br />
2. dasviT pirveli SekiTxva savarjiSosTan dakavSirebiT da sTxoveT<br />
monawileebs dadgnen im kedelTan, romelic maT pasuxs Seesabameba.<br />
3. mieciT saSualeba maT visac raRacis Tqma surT gamoxaton Tavisi<br />
azri. mxolod meoTxe “ raRac mindoda meTqva” kedelTan mdgomebs<br />
aqvT laparakis ufleba.<br />
amindis prognozi<br />
es savarjiSo iyenebs “ambis Txrobis” meTods. is SeiZleba gamoyenebul<br />
iqnas savarjiSos bolos mimoxilvis saxiT. alternativis saxiT misi<br />
gamoyeneba SeiZleba aseve grZeli programis bolos raTa monawileebs mieceT<br />
saSualeba gadaxedon ganvlil gzas da Semdeg gaixedon win momavlisaken.<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 6 + dro: 45 wuTi<br />
momzadeba<br />
furclebi da pastebi survilisamebr<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. mieciT monawileebs 5-10 wuTi mimdinare dReze /treiningze /proeqtze<br />
/samuSaoze fiqrisaTvis, romelSic CarTuli xarT da TxoveT kiTxon<br />
sakuTar Tavs: “momwons rac aqamde iyo? ras maZlevs es yvelaferi da<br />
iqneba ki es warmatebuli?”<br />
2. Semdeg sTxoveT maT saTiTaod gamoxaton TavianTi ganwyoba amindis<br />
movlenebis saxiT.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
� Tu monawileebs dasWirdebaT ilustrireba imisa Tu ras gulisxmobT,<br />
Tqven SegiZliaT TqvaT: “Cemi dRe dilidan iyo nacrisferi da<br />
Rrubliani... Semdeg damWirda qolgis gamoyeneba raTa Tavi damecva<br />
kokispiruli wvimisagan... magram bevri Tqvengani damexmara qolgis<br />
daWeraSi... Zlieri wvimebi mosalodnelia xvalisTvisac, magram<br />
velodebi, rom momavali kvira naTeli da mziani iqneba ”. es SeiZleba<br />
niSnavdes imas, rom Tqven daiwyeT arc ise darwmunebulma, Semdeg<br />
mdgomareoba kidev ufro gauaresda da Tqven moxaruli iyaviT<br />
monawileebis mxardaWeris gamo. darwmunebuli ar xarT arc uaxloes<br />
gegmebSi/dauyovnebliv SedegebSi magram fiqrobT,Y rom sabolood<br />
mizans miaRwevT.<br />
� dro mocemulia 10-12 wevrisagan Semdgari jgufisaTvis. ufro did<br />
jgufebs meti dro esaWiroebaT.<br />
variantebi<br />
� monawileebma sityvieri aRweris nacvlad SeiZleba daxaton sakuTari<br />
amindis prognozi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� SegiZliaT am savarjiSos ZiriTadi idea gamoiyenoT Tqveni proeqtis<br />
gasaanalizeblad. TiTqos Tqven akeTebdeT komentars fexburTis an<br />
kriketis matCze, an raime sxva relevantur movlenaze.<br />
pirvel gverdze<br />
es idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom jgufma moamzados yviTeli gazeTis<br />
pirveli gverdis maketi, statiebis saTaurebi reziumirebas ukeTebs<br />
jgufis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul naazrevs da SegrZnebebs.<br />
sirTule: done 2 jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: 8 + dro: 45 wuTi<br />
momzadeba<br />
dagWirdebaT A3 zomis Tabaxis furceli da markerebi yvela mcire<br />
jgufisaTvis.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs danawildnen mcire 3- 4 wevrian jgufebSi.<br />
2. sTxoveT imsjelon imaze rasac akeTeben, ra Sedegi miiRes maT<br />
savarjiSodan an programidan da ifiqron mTavar ZiriTad Temebze da<br />
problemebze.<br />
3. TiToeuli jgufi unda SeTanxmdes 5 an 6 “ambavze”. erToblivad unda<br />
moifiqron saTauri TiToeuli ambisaTvis da survilisamebr daumaton<br />
saqmis arsis amsaxveli ramdenime winadadeba. maT ar moeTxovebaT ambis<br />
sruli aRwera. foto masalis darTva kargia ideaa, magram ara<br />
aucilebeli.<br />
4. gamofineT pirveli gverdebi<br />
5. prezentacia da diskusia survilisamebr<br />
zurgCanTa<br />
savarjiSo moicavs xatvas da SemoqmedebiT midgomas<br />
sirTule: done I jgufis wevrebis raodenoba: nebismieri dro: 40 wuTi<br />
masala: furclebi da feradi fanqrebi.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. es aris seminaris an kursis dasasruli. sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
daxaton sakuTari Tavi zurgCanTiT saxlisaken mimavali. zurgCanTaSi<br />
awyvia yvelaferi risi saxlSi waRebac maT undaT.<br />
2. unda gaixsenon yvelaferi rac iswavles da rac undaT, rom maTTan<br />
darCes. am nivTebs Soris SeiZleba iyos wignebi an suraTebi,<br />
grZnobebi, xalxi, ideebi, samyaros axleburi xedva, maT mier<br />
sirTuleebis gadalaxvis dros SeZenili Zlieri mxareebi, an<br />
faseulobebi.<br />
3. maT aseve SeiZleba gamosaxon sagnebi, romlebic dabla awyvia – risi<br />
datovebac maT wasulSi undaT. es SeiZleba iyos cudi Cvevebi, Zveli<br />
ideebi, sirTuleebi, cudi sakvebi, uZiloba – an nebismieri msgavsi<br />
ram.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
83
84<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura da rekomendirebuli sakiTxavi<br />
SeniSvnebi<br />
1 amonaridebi da cifrebi kvlevidan “axalgazrdebis mdgomareobisa da evropis<br />
axalgazrduli politikis Seswavla”, romelic ganxorcielda evrokomisiisaTvis IARD -<br />
is mier 2001 w. ianvarSi, milanSi.<br />
2 wyaro: evrobarometri 47.1, axalgazrdebis damokidebuleba evrokavSiris mimarT,<br />
evrokomisia 1998<br />
3 axalgazrdebis sakiTxebze pasuxismgebeli evropis ministrebis me-5 konferenciis daskvniTi<br />
deklaracia, buqaresti. “axalgazrdebi: momavali evropis aqtiuri moqalaqeebi”, 1998,<br />
aprili<br />
4 “ganaTleba – Sinagani saganZuri” iuneskos moxseneba 21 saukunis ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 1996.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Tavi 2<br />
49 praqtikuli savarjiSo da meTodi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaswavlad
savarjiSoebis sia<br />
done<br />
siRaribe<br />
pirovnebis usafrTxoeba<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
globalizacia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
demokratia<br />
bavSvebi<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia<br />
Electioneering airCie! 2 � � � 87<br />
A tale of two cities ambavi ori qalaqis Sesaxeb 3 � � � 90<br />
Ashique’s story aSikis istoria 3 � � � 102<br />
Children’s rights bavSvTa uflebebi 2 � � � 107<br />
Garden in a night baRi erT RameSi 3 � � � 112<br />
Right’s bingo “bingos” uflebebi! 1 � � � 117<br />
The scramble for wealth brZola simdidrisa da ZalauflebisTvis 3 � � � 120<br />
Take a step forward gadadgi nabiji win 2 � � � 126<br />
Education for all? ganaTleba yvelasaTvis? 2 � � � 132<br />
Different wages gansxvavebuli xelfasebi 2 � � � 138<br />
Do we have alternatives? gvaqvs raime alternativa? 3 � � � 143<br />
A glossary of globalization globalizaciis leqsikoni 3 � � � 147<br />
Heroines and heroes gmirebi 2 � � �<br />
150<br />
Let every voice be heard “dae yvelas azri iyos mosmenili!” 3 � � 1 � 154<br />
See the ability davinaxoT sakuTari SesaZleblobebi 3 � � � 158<br />
Picture games dasuraTebuli TamaSebi 1 � � � 164<br />
Who are I? vin varT me? 2 � � � 172<br />
Power station eleqtrosadguri 2 � � � 175<br />
The language barier enobrivi barieri 2 � � � 179<br />
Just a minute erTi wuTiT! 2 � � � 182<br />
Let’s talk about sex! visaubroT seqsze! 4 � � � 186<br />
“Draw the word” game TamaSi “daxate sityva” 1 � � � 191<br />
Path ti Equality-land Tanasworobis qveynisaken mimavali gza 3 � � � 194<br />
Play the game! iTamaSe! 3 � � � 198<br />
Act it out inscenireba 2 � � � 203<br />
The impact of the Internet internetis zegavlena 4 � � � 206<br />
Making links kavSirebis damyareba 4 � � � 215<br />
Makah whaling maka – veSapebze monadire 4 � � � 219<br />
To vote or not to vote mivceT Tu ara xma? 4 � � � 230<br />
Front page pirveli gverdi 3 � � � 237<br />
Trade Union meeting profkavSirebis Sexvedrebi 3 � � � 243<br />
Responding to racism rasizmis mogerieba 3 � � � 249<br />
When tomorrow comes roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe 3 � � � 256<br />
Where do you stand? sad dgaxarT? 2 � � � 261<br />
Work and babies samsaxuri da bavSvebi 2 � � � 265<br />
Domestic affairs saSinao saqmeebi 3 � � � 269<br />
Money to spend saxarji fuli 2 � � � 276<br />
Horoscope of poverty siRaribis horoskopi 3 � � � 282<br />
The Web of life sicocxlis qseli 2 � � � 288<br />
Sport for all sporti yvelasaTvis 2 � � � 292<br />
Fighters for rights uflebebisaTvis mebrZolebi 2 � � � 296<br />
Beware we are wathing frTxilad, Cven yvelafers vxedavT 4 � � � 302<br />
All equal all different “yvela Tanaswori – yvela gansxvavebuli” 2 � � � 306<br />
Can I come in? SeiZleba Semovide? 3 � � � 310<br />
Our futures Cveni momavlis variantebi 2 � � � 317<br />
Living in a perfect world cxovreba srulyofil samyaroSi 3 � � � 321<br />
Violence in my life Zaladoba Cems cxovrebaSi 3 � � � 328<br />
Access to medicaments wamlebis xelmisawvdomoba 4 � � � 331<br />
adamianis uflebaTa kalendari 338<br />
86<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
msoflio da Zaladoba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
ekologia<br />
masmedia<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
sporti<br />
gverdi
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
airCie<br />
rogor SegiZliaT sxvebis darwmuneba?<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, demokratia,<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
45 wuTi<br />
diskusiaze damyarebuli savarjiSo, romelic exeba:<br />
� uflememsa da movaleobebs demokratiul<br />
sazogadoebaSi<br />
diskusiis demokratiuli forma<br />
� demokratiul procesebSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
� azrisa da sityvis Tavisufleba<br />
demokratiuli sazogadoebis zogierTi winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
aspeqtebis ganxilva<br />
� mosmenis, diskusiisa da sxvaTa darwmunebis<br />
unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba<br />
� Ria sivrce<br />
baraTi (A4) da feradi pastebi CaniSvnisaTvis<br />
� dasawebebeli lenti<br />
� patara baraTebi da pastebi Canawerebis<br />
gasakeTeblad (arCeviTi)<br />
gaakeTeT 2 trafareti warweriT “veTanxmebi” da “ar<br />
veTanxmebi” da daawebeT TiToeuli maTgani grZeli kedlis<br />
boloebSi. kedlis gaswvriv sakmarisi adgili unda iyos<br />
monawileebisaTvis swor xazSi dasadgomad.<br />
� oTaxis centrSi dadgiT 2 skami, daaxloebiT<br />
50 sm-is daSorebiT da maT garSemo datoveT<br />
adgili, raTa monawileebma Tavisuflad imoZraon.<br />
1. miuTiTeT kedlis orive boloSi dawebebul trafaretebze da<br />
ganmarteT, rom apirebT gancxadebis xmamaRla wakiTxvas, romelsac<br />
monawileebi SeiZleba met-naklebad daeTanxmon, an ar daeTanxmon.<br />
2. amoirCieT qvemoT mocemuli gamonaTqvamebis siidan erT-erTi da<br />
waukiTxeT jgufs.<br />
3. sTxoveT monawileebs ganlagdnen kedlis gaswvriv or warweras<br />
Soris imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad eTanxmebian an ar eTanxmebian<br />
gamonaTqvams, romlebic unda dadgnen kedlis romelime mxares,<br />
warweris Sesabamisad, xolo danarCenebi sadRac SuaSi, am or<br />
wertils Soris.<br />
4. rodesac monawileebi ganlagdebian kedlis gaswvriv, sTxoveT<br />
kedlis boloebSi mdgom or monawiles dasxdnen oTaxis centrSi<br />
mdgom skamebze. amis Semdeg yvela unda Segrovdes skamebis garSemo<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
87<br />
Temebi<br />
demokratia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi<br />
sirTule<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
nebismieri<br />
dro<br />
45 wuTi
88<br />
da ganlagdnen im pirovnebis ukan, romlis azrsac “yvelaze metad”<br />
eTanxmebian, an dadgnen centrSi, Tu ara aqvT mkafiod<br />
Camoyalibebuli azri.<br />
5. mieciT skamebze msxdom or monawiles TiTo wuTi, raTa ganmarton<br />
mizezebi, Tu ratom eTanxmebian an ar eTanxmebian gamonaTqvams.<br />
aravin ar unda Seawyvetinos, an daexmaros maT. yvelam unda usminos<br />
Cumad.<br />
6. erTi wuTis gasvlis Semdeg, sTxoveT maT, visac ar hqonda<br />
gadawyvetili sad unda damdgariyvnen, gadainacvlon an erTi, an<br />
meore spikeris ukan, radgan ar SeiZleba, vinmes darCes<br />
Camouyalibebeli azri. Sedegad unda Seiqmnas gancxadebis “momxreTa”<br />
erTi jgufi da “mowinaaRmdegeTa” erTi jgufi. mieciT<br />
erTmaneTisagan daSorebul orive jgufs 10 wuTi TavianTi<br />
poziciebis damcavi argumentebis mosafiqreblad da spikeris<br />
asarCevad, romelic warmoadgens am argumentebs msmenelis winaSe.<br />
7. 10 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg moiwvieT jgufebi da sTxoveT spikerebs<br />
daikavon oTaxis centrSi mdgomi skamebi, xolo “mxardamWerebi”<br />
ganlagdnen maT ukan.<br />
8. mieciT orive spikers 3 wuTi TavianTi argumentebis warmosadgenad.<br />
am drois gasvlis Semdeg mxardamWerebs SeuZliaT Seicvalon azri<br />
da gadavidnen opoziciuri jgufis mxares, Tu maTi argumentebi<br />
ufro damajerebeli iyo.<br />
9. mieciT jgufebs damatebiTi 5 wuTi argumentenebze samuSaod da<br />
mesame spikeris asarCevad. analogiurad, am drois gasvlis Semdeg<br />
miecT monawileebs saSualeba Seicvalon poziciebi Tu amis survili<br />
aqvT.<br />
10. SekribeT jgufi analizisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
ganixileT, rogor mimdinareobs da ra mizani aqvs diskusias da riTi<br />
fasdeba pluralistuli sazogadoeba. ecadeT ar daubrundeT sakiTxis<br />
garSemo diskusias.<br />
� Seicvala vinmem azri diskusiis mimdinareobis dros? Tu ki, ra<br />
argumentebma Seacvlevines azri?<br />
� fiqroben monawileebi, rom argumentebis garda maTze gavlena<br />
moaxdina sxva faqtorebmac, magaliTad, Tanamonawileebis zewolam,<br />
emociurma gamosvlam an metoqeobis grZnobam?<br />
� hqonda Tu ara raime azri savarjiSos maTTvis, vinc ar Seicvala<br />
sakuTari azri? SeuZliaT warmoidginon raime argumenti, romelsac<br />
SeeZlo maTTvis azris Secvla?<br />
� ratom aqvT adamianebs gansxvavebuli azri? rogor unda<br />
daregulirdes es demokratiuli sazogadoebaSi?<br />
� niSnavs demokratia yvela azris mimarT Semwynareblobas?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSn<br />
TariRi<br />
24 oqtomberi<br />
gaerTianebuli e<br />
organizaciis dR
am savarjiSos pirveli nawili, rodesac monawileebi ganlagdebian<br />
kedlis gaswvriv, ar unda gagrZeldes ramodenime wuTze met xans. am<br />
nawilis mizania gaarkvios monawileebis “sawyisi poziciebi” da misces maT<br />
poziciebis Sedarebis saSualeba<br />
savarjiSos mizani, mocemul sakiTxebze msjelobasTan erTad, aris<br />
komunikaciis da argumentaciis unarCvevebis ganviTareba da daxvewa. amdenad<br />
monawileebs unda mouwodoT ifiqron ara marto maTi azris Sinaarssa da<br />
wardgenaze, aramed argumentaciis formasa da manerazec, romelic yvelaze<br />
metad damajerebeli iqneba meore mxarisaTvis. maTi mizania rac SeiZleba<br />
meti xalxi gadaiyvanon TavianT “partiaSi”. unda gamoiyenon “gamosvlebs”<br />
Soris pauzebi, raTa gadaxedon opoziciis pozicias da moifiqron maTi<br />
Sesustebis gzebi.<br />
SemoTavazebuli gamonaTqvamebis garda, SeiZleba damatebiT moamzadoT<br />
sxva sadiskusio Temebi, rasac aseve warmatebulad gamoiyenebT<br />
diskusiisaTvis. mniSvnelovania iseTi gancxadebis arCeva, romelic jgufSi<br />
azrTa sxvadasxvaobas gamoiwvevs.<br />
SeniSvna: erTi gamonaTqvamis Sesaxeb msjelobas diskusiis sxvadasxva<br />
raundebSi dasWirdeba daaxloebiT 30 wuTi. Tu meti gamonaTqvamis<br />
gamoyeneba dagWirdebaT, Sesabamisad droc meti unda gamoiyos.<br />
rekomendirebulia moqnilad miudgeT mecadineobaTa etapebis<br />
Tanmimdevrobas imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenad Zlieri an sustia jgufi,<br />
ramdenad cxared mimdinareobs diskusia. magaliTad,<br />
� ar SemoifargloT mxolod sami raundiT, raTa rac SeiZleba met<br />
monawiles mieces azris gamoTqmis SesaZlebloba.<br />
� Tu es savarjiSo adrec gaqvT Sesrulebuli am jgufTan – an, Tu<br />
ar gaqvT, SegiZliaT SemoitanoT moulodnelobis elementebi.<br />
magaliTad, pirvel raundSi spikerad SegiZliaT airCioT bolodan<br />
mesame monawile.<br />
� raundebs Soris erT-erTi Sesvenebis dros SeiZleba sTxovoT<br />
TiToeuli spikeris “mxardamWerebs” imuSaon oponenti spikeris<br />
jgufTan – sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, moamzadon argumentebi im<br />
poziciis sawinaaRmdegod, romelic Tavad maT gaaCniaT. es kargi<br />
meTodia monawileebis mier sawinaaRmdego azris gaazrebisaTvis da<br />
SeiZleba gamococxlebac Seitanos savarjiSos Sesrulebisas,<br />
gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu monawileebi ar icvlian pirvandel<br />
poziciebs.<br />
SeiZleba neba darToT spikerebs Tan iqonion baraTis zomis furclebi<br />
mokle Canawerebis gasakeTeblad, raTa gaixsenon sxvadasxva argumentebi<br />
msjelobis dros.<br />
SegiZliaT wamoWraT sakiTxi, imis Sesaxeb, SezRuduli unda iyos, Tu<br />
ara “pluralizmi” an azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba Semwynareblur<br />
sazogadoebaSi: magaliTad, faSisturi an nacionalisturi demonstraciebi<br />
unda iyos nebadarTuli?<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
89
gancxadebebi diskusiisaTvis<br />
Tu dainteresebuli xarT, rom gaagrZeloT muSaoba azris formirebisa<br />
da misi Secvlis Temaze, gansakuTrebiT mediis gavlenis Sedegad, SegiZliaT<br />
gadaxedoT savarjiSos 235 gverdze “pirveli gverdi”.<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
Tu jgufisaTvis airCevT gamonaTqvamebs xmis micemis Sesaxeb,<br />
momdevno mecadineobebze SegiZliaT CaataroT savarjiSo “mivceT Tu<br />
ara xma?” gverdi 228.<br />
� arCevnebSi monawileoba Cveni zneobrivi valia.<br />
� unda davemorCiloT yvela kanons, Tundac usamarTlos.<br />
� demokratiul sazogadoebaSi Zalaufleba gaaCniaT mxolod politikosebs.<br />
� “xalxs iseTi lideri yavs, rogorsac imsaxurebs”.<br />
� moqalaqeebis valia gaakontrolon mTavrobis yoveldRiuri moqmedeba.<br />
ambavi ori qalaqis Sesaxeb<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
90 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
ekologia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
4-10<br />
90 wuTi
gsmeniaT raime legolandiis Sesaxeb? es patara plastmasis agurebisagan<br />
agebuli qalaqia daniaSi. axla ki Sansi gaqvT estumroT eqvalendias da<br />
egolendias!<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
socialuri uflebebi, moqalaqeoba, ekologia<br />
done 3<br />
4-10<br />
90 wuTi<br />
samagido TamaSi, sadac moTamaSeebi irCeven qalaqs,<br />
romelSic isini isurvebdnen cxovrebas da misi<br />
komfortulobiT datkbobas. gansaxilveli sakiTxebi<br />
moicavs:<br />
� solidaroba sazogadoebaSi<br />
� gadasaxadebis gadaxdis Sedegebi<br />
� demokratiis faseulobebi adgilebze<br />
� socialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba<br />
� sakuTrebis ufleba<br />
� jansaRi garemo-pirobebis ufleba<br />
� sazogadoebis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi socialuri dacvis<br />
mniSvnelobis gaazreba<br />
� solidarobisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis<br />
damkvidrebis xelSewyoba<br />
� samagido TamaSis erTi asli (saTamaSo dafa)<br />
� A3 zomis muyaos an qaRaldis furceli<br />
� 1 kamaTeli<br />
� Tanabari raodenobis 2 feris qaRaldis samagri<br />
(mag. wiTeli da lurji). yvela moTamaSes unda<br />
qondes sakmarisi raodenobis samagrebi<br />
� furclebi da kalmebi<br />
� wamzomi<br />
� proeqtori da slaidi TamaSis wesebiT<br />
(SeZlebisdagvarad)<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
91
92<br />
momzadeba � waikiTxeT instruqciebi, raTa gaecnoT saTamaSo<br />
dafas, Sesacvlel baraTebsa da TamaSis<br />
wesebs<br />
� gamoWeriT baraTebi 2 furclidan. baraTebi rom<br />
ar airios, CaalageT isini cal-calke konvertSi<br />
da daawereT A da B (furclebis darCenili 2<br />
asli gamoiyeneT cnobarisaTvis “qalaqis sabWos”<br />
sxdomebze)<br />
� saTamaSo dafis asli daawebeT muyaoze an myar<br />
qaRaldze, raTa didxans gagiZloT<br />
� airCieT sami monawile bankirebis rolebis<br />
Sesasruleblad. yovel qalaqs sWirdeba erTi<br />
bankiri. saWiroa agreTve, TamaSis bankiri.<br />
daurigeT bankirebs maT winaSe dasmuli<br />
amocanebis sia. sTxoveT bankirebs daimagron<br />
emblemebi, raTa TamaSis dros SesaZlebeli iyos<br />
maTi amocnoba.<br />
� danarCeni monawileebi gayaviT 2 Tanabrad<br />
jgufad. erTs daurigeT wiTeli samagrebi,<br />
xolo meores - lurji.<br />
� sTxoveT TiToeul moTamaSes gaakeTos TavisTvis<br />
“Cipi”: patara furcelze daweros saxeli,<br />
daaxvios miliseburad da daamagros misTvis<br />
gankuTvnili feris samagriT.<br />
� dabeWdeT fuli! gaakeTeT 339 gverdze<br />
moTavsebuli banknotebis aslebi da daWeriT.<br />
TiToeuli moTamaSisaTvis dagWirdebaT fulis<br />
erTi kompleqti.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo magidis TamaSia da aCveneT monawileebs<br />
saTamaSo dafa. uCveneT marSruti jer A xolo Semdeg B qalaqisaken.<br />
aRniSneT am ori qalaqis gadakveTis adgili da kvadratebi, sadac xalxi<br />
iRebs xelfass, ixdis gadasaxadebs, da saidan SeiZleba sxva qalaqSi<br />
“gadasaxleba”.<br />
2. ganmarteT TamaSis wesebi (ix. dasarigebeli masala). darwmundiT, rom<br />
yvelam gaigo wesebi. gadawyviteT rodis unda dasruldes TamaSi.<br />
3. sTxoveT bankirebs daimagron saidentifikacio emblemebi, raTa<br />
moTamaSeebma icodnen, vis gadauxadon gadasaxadebi.<br />
4. daiwyeT TamaSi! dasrulebis Semdeg gadadiT analizze da Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniS<br />
TariRi<br />
oqtombris pir<br />
orSabaTi<br />
habitatis mso<br />
“qalaqebi bara<br />
gareSe”
daiwyeT TamaSis procesis mimoxilviT da Semdeg ganixileT monawileebTan<br />
erTad, vin ra iswavla.<br />
� moewonaT monawileebs TamaSi? konkretulad ra moewonaT da ra ar<br />
moewonaT?<br />
� xom ar miiCnies moTamaSeebma usamarTlobad, rom TamaSis dasawyisSi,<br />
zogi maTgani met gadasaxadebs ixdida sxvebTan SedarebiT? rCebian Tu<br />
ara igive azrze TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg?<br />
� rogor Caiara qalaqis sabWos sxdomebma? gadawyvetilebebis miRebis<br />
procesi demokratiuli iyo?<br />
� ra azris arian is monawileebi, romlebic ar eTanxmebodnen qalaqis<br />
sabWos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs?<br />
� vin gadasaxlda erTi qalaqidan meoreSi? ratom?<br />
� qalaqis sabWos sxdomebze vinmem gaiRo fuli sakuTari jibidan<br />
sazogadoebis socialuri keTildReobis gaumjobesebis mizniT? ratom<br />
moiqcnen ase?<br />
� TamaSis dasawyisSi socialuri pirobebi A da B qalaqebSi erTnairi iyo?<br />
rogor ganviTarda movlenebi Semdeg? SeimCneoda raime gansxvaveba?<br />
konkretulad ra?<br />
� romel qalaqSi amjobinebT cxovrebas? ratom?<br />
� Rirs ufro maRali gadasaxadebis gadaxda imisaTvis, rom gaumjobesdes<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis done? iqneb girCevniaT SeagrovoT mTeli<br />
xelfasi da iyidoT TqvenTvis saWiro da sasurveli nivTebi?<br />
� ra mdgomareoba iyo TamaSis bolos or qalaqSi? aRmoCndnen isini<br />
sabolood Tanasworobis samyaroSi anu eqvalandiaSi Tu samyaroSi,<br />
sadac xalxi egoisti da individualistia, anu egolandiaSi?<br />
� rogor SeafasebdiT Tqven sazogadoebas 10 baliani sistemiT, sadac 1<br />
ukiduresi egolandia xolo 10 ukiduresi eqvalandi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
TamaSi sakmaod advilia, vinc magidis TamaSebsaa SeCveuli, magram mainc<br />
izruneT wesebis detalur ganmartebaze da auxseniT jgufs, rogor unda<br />
iTamaSon.<br />
TamaSi saukeTesod mimdinareobs maqsimum 10 wevrian jgufSi, romlebic<br />
moqalaqeebis rols asruleben. TamaSis dasawyisSi TiToeul qalaqSi unda<br />
iyos moqalaqeebis Tanabari raodenoba. Tu gyavT magaliTad 16 monawile<br />
SegiZliaT daniSnoT 2 –2 bankiri. Tu jgufi ufro didia, ukeTesi iqneba<br />
ori TamaSis Catareba. aseT SemTxvevaSi ar dagaviwydeT masalebis or aslad<br />
damzadeba. aucileblad gyavdeT TanaxelmZRvaneli, romelic warmarTavs<br />
meore TamaSs!<br />
erTi rCevac: vidre TamaSs jgufTan CaatarebT, iTamaSeT is megobrebTan<br />
da mezoblebTan erTad. amis Semdeg ufro gagiadvildebaT instruqciebis<br />
micema da TamaSis Seuferxeblad warmarTva.<br />
SeniSvna: moTamaSeebs, romlebic pasuxs ageben gadasaxadebis akrebaze da<br />
ganageben qalaqis fondebs TamaSSi ewodebaT “bankirebi”. realurad bankiri<br />
ar asrulebs am funqciebs. es termini Semotanilia imitom, rom is<br />
gamoyenebulia bevr samagido TamaSSi. Tu fiqrobT, rom “bankiri” ar aris<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
93
94<br />
Sesaferisi saxeli, sanacvlod SearCieT raime sxva, magaliTad, “finansuri<br />
administratori”.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
ratoma ar unda SesTavazoT monawileebs ganaviTaron TavianTi ideebi da<br />
moifiqron, rogori SeiZleba iyos maTi momavlis eqvalandia? ixileT<br />
savarjiSo “Cveni momavali”, gverdi 315.<br />
TamaSis wesebi<br />
moTamaSeebis raodenoba: 7-dan 13-mde. sami adamiani asrulebs bankiris<br />
rols. TamaSis dasawyisSi TiToeul qalaqSi unda iyos moTamaSeebis<br />
Tanabari raodenoba.<br />
TamaSis miznebi: gamarjvebulia is moTamaSe romelsac TamaSis bolos<br />
yvelaze meti fuli aqvs.<br />
rogor viTamaSoT<br />
1. mieciT sam monawiles bankiris roli: erTi A qalaqis bankiri, meore B<br />
qalaqis da mesame TamaSis bankiri.<br />
2. moTamaSeebis naxvars aqvs wiTeli “Cipebi”, meore naxevars - lurji.<br />
3. dasawyisSi moTamaSeebi gayofilni arian or Tanabar jgufad. yovel<br />
jgufs yavs Tanabari raodenobiT “wiTeli” da “lurji” moTamaSeebi.<br />
erTi jgufi imogzaurebs A qalaqSi, meore ki B qalaqSi.<br />
4. yvela moTamaSe iwyebs kvadratidan “starti da xelfasi”<br />
5. TamaSis ganmavlobaSi monawiles SeuZlia Seicvalos qalaqi mxolod im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu is gaCerdeba kvadratSi “Secvlis Sansi”.<br />
6. yvela moTamaSe iwyebs misi ferisaTvis Sesabamisi xelfasiT:<br />
� lurji moTamaSeebi: 500 erTeuli.<br />
� wiTeli moTamaSeebi: 100 erTeuli.<br />
7. aagdeT kamaTeli, raTa gadawyvitoT, vin daiwyebs TamaSs. TamaSs iwyebs<br />
is, visac yvelaze maRali qula aqvs. Semdeg yoveli moTamaSe rigrigobiT<br />
isvris kamaTels wreSi saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT.<br />
8. TiToeuli moTamaSe jeris mixedviT agdebs kamaTels da win miiwevs<br />
Tavisi qalaqis marSrutiT, kamaTelze gamosaxuli cifris Sesabamisi<br />
kvadratebis raodenobiT. bolo kvadratze moTamaSe debs “Cips”,<br />
xmamaRla kiTxulobs instruqciebs da moqmedebs mis Sesabamisad.<br />
9. SeniSvna: moTamaSe, romelic instruqciebis Sesabamisad unda dabrundes<br />
ukan, Cerdeba rodesac miaRwevs daniSnulebis kvadrats, magram ukve<br />
aRar asrulebs am kvadratis instruqciebs.<br />
10. Tu moTamaSem unda gadaixados, magram ara aqvs sakmarisi fuli, is rCeba<br />
kvadratze da xdeba “maTxovari”.<br />
11. erTidaigive kvadrati erTdroulad SiZleba daikavos orma an metma<br />
moTamaSem.<br />
gansakuTrebuli kvadratebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gadasaxadebis gadaxda<br />
yovelTvis, rodesac moTamaSe gaivlis “gadasaxadebis” kvadrats, is<br />
valdebulia gadaixados gadasaxadebi. (moTamaSeebi ixdian gadasaxadebs am<br />
kvadratis gadakveTisas maSinac ki, Tu isini iq ar Cerdebian).<br />
gadasaxadis raodenoba damokidebulia moTamaSis xelfasze da mis<br />
qalaqze.<br />
qalaqi A 40 % Tu xelfasi aris 500 an meti<br />
10 % Tu xelfasi aris 100 an naklebi<br />
qalaqi B 10 % xelfasis miuxedavad<br />
SeniSvna:<br />
umuSevari pirovneba, romelic ar Rebulobs umuSvrobis daxmarebas, ar<br />
ixdis gadasaxadebs.<br />
umuSevari, romelic iRebs daxmarebas, ixdis mis 10% miuxedavad imisa, Tu<br />
romel qalaqs miekuTvneba.<br />
gadasaxadebis gadaxda xdeba Sesabamisi qalaqis bankirisaTvis. (eqvalandiis<br />
moTamaSeebi uxdian am qalaqis bankirs, xolo egolandiis moTamaSeebi<br />
egolandiis bankirs).<br />
xelfasi<br />
yovelTvis, rodesac moTamaSe gaivlis kvadrats “starti da xelfasi” (ar<br />
aris aucilebeli kvadratze gaCereba, sakmarisia mxolod misi gavla),<br />
is iRebs Sesabamis xelfass TamaSis bankirisagan.<br />
Tu moTamaSe umuSevaria da, Tu qalaqs aqvs socialuri dazRvevis sistema,<br />
is TamaSis bankirisagan Rebulobs umuSevrobis daxmarebas.<br />
cvlilebis Sansi<br />
nebismieri moTamaSe, romelic SeCerdeba kvadratze “cvlilebis Sansi”, unda<br />
dafiqrdes Seicvalos Tu ara qalaqi (eqvalndiidan egolandiaSi<br />
gadasvla an piriqiT). erTi qalaqidan meoreSi gadasasvlelad sakmarisia<br />
moTamaSem gamoucxados Tavisi gadawyvetileba danarCen monawileebs da<br />
bankirebs. Semdeg svlaze isini uxveven gzidan da gaemarTebian axali<br />
qalaqisaken.<br />
moTamaSe, romelic icvlis qalaqs, inarCunebs wina qalaqSi daniSnul<br />
xelfass, magram gadasaxadebs ixdis axali qalaqis sagadasaxado<br />
sistemis Sesabamisad.<br />
qalaqis sabWos sxdomebi<br />
yvela moTamaSe eswreba qalaqis sabWos Sekrebebs. sxdoma SesaZleblobas<br />
iZleva Seicvalos qalaqis politikis kursi, (Tu amis aucilebloba<br />
arsebobs).<br />
Sexvedra SeiZleba Sedges gadasaxadebis yovel me-5 gadaxdaze. qalaqis<br />
bankirebi awarmoeben aRricxvas, ramdenma adamianma gaiara gadasaxadebis<br />
gadaxdis kvadrati maT qalaqSi. roca yoveli me-5 gadamxdeli gaivlis<br />
kvadrats, bankiri iwvevs sxdomas.<br />
krebis Catarebis sakiTxs wyveten qalaqis moTamaSeebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
95
96<br />
qalaqis sabWos sxdomis dros TamaSi wydeba da TamaSis gasagrZeleblad<br />
meore qalaqis moTamaSeebic elodebian Sexvdris dasrulebas.<br />
moTamaSeebs 5 wuTi aqvT qalaqis saWiroebebis gansazRvrisaTvis da<br />
politikaSi cvlilebebis SetanisaTvis. cvlilebebis variantebi<br />
aRniSnulia Sesacvlel baraTebze da moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT daeyrdnon<br />
Sesacvleli baraTebis furclis asls “dRis wesrigis” sakiTxebis<br />
gasacnobad (anu gaecnon variantebs, romelic maT SeuZliaT airCion).<br />
qalaqis politikaSi cvlilebebis Sesatanad moTamaSeebma unda SeiZinon<br />
Sesacvleli baraTi qalaqis gadasaxadebidan Semosuli TanxiT. fasi<br />
miTiTebulia TiToeul baraTze. qalaqis sabWos SeuZlia mxolod iseTi<br />
gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelzec xeli miuwvdeba. qalaqis bankiri<br />
uxdis kuTvnil Tanxas TamaSis bankirs. baraTebis SeZena SezRudulia<br />
mxolod qalaqis finansuri SesaZleblobebiT.<br />
finansuri siZneleebisas qalaqis sabWos SeuZlia ukanve miyidos erTi an<br />
ramdenime Sesacveleli baraTi TamaSis bankirs. “xelaxali Sesyidvis”<br />
fasi sawyisi Rirebulebis 50%-iT ganisazRvreba.<br />
mdidar moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT Seitanon fuli qalaqis fondSi, raTa<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxdes Sesacvleli baraTebis yidva.<br />
bankiri awebebs baraTebs saTamaSo dafis Sesabamis kvadratebSi.<br />
Sesacvleli baraTebi<br />
qalaqis politikis sakiTxebi, romelic qalaqis sabWos SeuZlia miiRos<br />
sabWos sxdomebze, ganawilebulia sul 17 Sesacvlel baraTze.<br />
Sesacvleli baraTebis SeZena xdeba qalaqis bankirTan baraTze<br />
dabeWdili fasis mixedviT. baraTis SeZenis Semdeg, qalaqis bankiri<br />
awebebs baraTs (baraTebs) dafis im kvadratze, romelzec moqalaqeebi<br />
SeTanxmdnen.<br />
nebismieri kvadrati SeiZleba “Seicvalos”. kursis Secvlis dros Tu<br />
Sesabamis kvadratze moTamaSea gaCerebuli, igi moqmedebs wina<br />
instruqciebiT. axali wesebi ZalaSi Sedis mxolod momdevno<br />
moTamaSisaTvis, romelic SeCerdeba am kvadratSi.<br />
qalaqis sabWos sxdomaze moqalaqeebs/moTamaSeebs, qalaqis politikis<br />
gansazRvrisas, SeuZliaT SeiZinon erTi an ramdenime baraTi. TiToeuli<br />
baraTis safasuri unda anazRaurdes.<br />
Rataki<br />
moTamaSe, romelsac ara aqvs gadasaxadebis an sxva xarjebis<br />
dafarvisaTvis saWiro Tanxa, rCeba kvadratSi, romelzec es-esaa SeCerda<br />
da xdeba “Rataki”. Tu qalaqSi arsebobs usaxlkaroTa TavSesafari, Ratakma,<br />
Tu survili aqvs, kvadratis nacvlad SeuZlia TavSesafarSi gaaTios Rame,<br />
magram es ar aTavisuflebs mas gadasaxadebisa da valebisagan.<br />
Rataks SeuZlia Txovos fuli nebismier moTamaSes, romelic mis<br />
kvadratSi moxvdeba. TiToeuli moTamaSe Tavad wyvets miscems Tu ara fuls<br />
Rataks. valebis dasafarad sakmarisi Tanxis Segrovebis Semdeg, „Rataki“<br />
daelodeba Tavis jers, gaistumrebs gadasaxadebs, aagdebs kamaTels da<br />
miiweves win. „Rataki“ agdebs kamaTels erTi jeris gamotovebiT. mas aqvs<br />
Sansi:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ebeli masala<br />
leli baraTebi<br />
Tu mouvida 6 sanagve yuTSi ipovos 50 erTeuli<br />
Tu mouvida 5 Seagrovos 20 carieli ludis boTli, Caabaros minis<br />
taris mimReb punqtSi – Tu aseTi punqti arsebobs<br />
qalaqSi! da miiRos 50 erTeuli.<br />
Tu mouvida 4 miiRos 10 erTeuli pirvelive gamvlelisagan,<br />
romelic gadakveTs mis kvadrats.<br />
Tu mouvida 3 daTvres da gamotovos Tavisi Semdegi rigi.<br />
Tu mouvida 2 gaeRviZos parkSi da skamis qveS ipovos 10 erTeuli.<br />
Tu qalaqma moaxerxa baRis keTilmowyoba, poulobs 20<br />
erTeuls.<br />
Tu mouvida 1 gaxdes Zarcvis msxverpli. mouwevs momdevno<br />
Semowirulobis qalaqis bankirisaTvis gadacema.<br />
Rataks mogebas uxdis im qalaqis bankiri, romelSic Rataki cxovrobs.<br />
rodis mTavrdeba TamaSi?<br />
moTamaSeebi TamaSis dawyebamde gansazRvraven rodis unda dasruldes<br />
TamaSi. maT SeuZliaT airCion erT-erTi varianti:<br />
� mas Semdeg, rac pirveli moTamaSe daasrulebs 20 wres.<br />
� SeTanxmebuli drois amowurvis Semdeg, magaliTad 45 saTamaSo wuTi.<br />
SeniSvna: TamaSi avtomaturad dasruldeba, Tu romelime qalaqi<br />
gakotrdeba.<br />
gamarjvebulia is moTamaSe, romelsac TamaSis damTavrebis Semdeg<br />
yvelaze meti fuli aRmoaCndeba.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
evropis socialuri uzrunvelyofis kodeqsi<br />
evropis sabWos socialuri uzrunvelyofis evropuli kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida 1968 wels, xolo 2001 wlis<br />
ivlisSi misi ratificireba moxda 18 wevri saxelmwifos mier. kodeqsi uzrunvelyofs socialuri dacvis<br />
farTo speqtrs Semdegi garantiebis CaTvliT:<br />
� samedicino momsaxureba zogadi Terapiuli, specializirebuli da saswrafo daxmarebis CaTvliT;<br />
� umuSevrobis daxmareba;<br />
� moxucebulobis daxmareba;<br />
� invalidobis daxmareba.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
97
parkis<br />
keTilmowyoba,<br />
sacurao auzisa da<br />
bavSvebis saTamaSo<br />
moednis ageba<br />
Rirebuleba: 200<br />
erT.<br />
skolebis gaficva<br />
damTavrda.<br />
iTamaSeT Tavidan!<br />
gazrdili<br />
xelfasebis xarji:<br />
400 erT.<br />
Tqven avad gaxdiT.<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
saavadmyofo<br />
mTlianad<br />
subsidirebulia.<br />
gadaixadeT<br />
mxolod 10 erT.<br />
saavadmyofos<br />
Rirebuleba: 600<br />
erT.<br />
Tqven iuridiuli<br />
problemebi gaqvT.<br />
miakiTxeT ufaso<br />
iuridiuli<br />
daxmarebis<br />
samsaxurs<br />
gadainacvleT 2<br />
kvadratiT win.<br />
Rirebuleba: 200<br />
erT.<br />
98<br />
parkis dasufTaveba<br />
Rirebuleba: 100<br />
erT.<br />
gaixsna axali kino<br />
da Teatri.<br />
Rirebuleba: 400<br />
erT.<br />
Tqven avad gaxdiT.<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
saavadmyofo ar<br />
aris<br />
subsidirebuli<br />
gadaixadeT 30 erT.<br />
saavadmyofos<br />
subsidiebis<br />
Rirebuleba: 400<br />
erT.<br />
araviTari<br />
usaxlkaro xalxi<br />
qalaqSi! axali<br />
TavSesafari<br />
gaxsnilia.<br />
TavSesafris<br />
Rirebuleba: 200<br />
erT.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
gzebi SekeTebulia<br />
srulad.<br />
gadainacvleT sami<br />
kvadratiT win.<br />
Rirebuleba: 400<br />
erT.<br />
mamaTqveni pensiaze<br />
gavida da<br />
Rebulobs pensias.<br />
sapensio sistemis<br />
sqemis Seqmnis<br />
Rirebuleba iqneba<br />
400 erT.<br />
plaJze Sesvla<br />
ufasoa! mxolod<br />
isiamovneT.<br />
subsidiis<br />
Rirebuleba: 100<br />
erT.<br />
qalaqis bankiris amocanaTa sia<br />
gzebs ara uSavs,<br />
ormoebi<br />
amovsebulia.<br />
mxolod qalaqis<br />
sabWos Semdeg<br />
sxdomamde gaZlebs.<br />
Rirebuleba 200<br />
erT.<br />
Tqven gsurT<br />
wignebis kiTxva<br />
da axla ukve<br />
biblioTekac<br />
arsebobs! gadaagdeT<br />
kamaTeli kidev<br />
erTxel.<br />
biblioTekis<br />
Rirebuleba: 200<br />
erT.<br />
transportis<br />
problemebi<br />
gamartivebulia<br />
velosipedis<br />
trasis wyalobiT.<br />
Rirebuleba: 150<br />
erT.<br />
Tqven gaTavisuflebuli<br />
xarT samsaxuridan!umuSevrobis<br />
fondi gadagixdiT<br />
xelfasis<br />
30%-s. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
qalaqs unda<br />
qondes 1 000 erT.<br />
sarezervo fondi<br />
araviTari quCis<br />
bavSvebi amieridan!<br />
upatrono bavSvTa<br />
saxli agebulia.<br />
Rirebuleba: 200<br />
erT.<br />
nagvis<br />
gadamamuSavebeli<br />
sistema aadvilebs<br />
nagvis gatanas<br />
gadainacvleT sami<br />
kvadratiT win.<br />
nagvis<br />
gadamamuSavebeli<br />
sistemis<br />
Rirebuleba: 150<br />
erT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
Tavdapirvelad arc erT qalaqs ara aqvs fuli. Semosavlebi unda Segrovdes moTamaSe<br />
Sesabamisi kvadratebis gadakeTisas gadaxdili gadasaxadebis Sedegad.<br />
1. qalaqis bankirebi Tavis uwyisebSi awarmoeben aRricxvas ramdenma moTamaSem<br />
“gadasaxadebis” kvadrati da yoveli mexuTe gadamxdelis gavlis Semdeg iwveven<br />
krebas.<br />
2. qalaqis bankirebi kreben gadasaxadebs qalaqis yoveli moTamaSisagan, rodesac
eli masala<br />
Sis bankiris baraTi-roli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
s daswyisSi mTeli fuli aqvs TamaSis bankirs. man unda:<br />
zrunvelyos TamaSis Seuferxeblad warmarTva<br />
� daiwyos TamaSi<br />
� uzrunvelyos wesebis dacva<br />
� daniSnos TariRi qalaqis sabWos sxdomebisTvis. isini unda garZeldes maqsimum 5 wuTi da<br />
� daasrulos TamaSi, rodesac SeTanxmebuli dro amoiwureba an pirveli moTamaSe Sesarulebs<br />
99
100 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aSikis istoria
avSvebi<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
dlobalizacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
5 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
bavSvebis iZulebiTi Sroma Semosavlis wyaros ojaxebisa da TemisaTvis.<br />
akrZaleT es da yvelaze metad bavSvebi dazaraldebian. namdvilad asea?<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
bavSvebi, socialuri uflebebi, globalizacia<br />
done 3<br />
5 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
mcire jgufebSi tardeba diskusia qvemoT<br />
CamoTvlili sakiTxebis Seswavlis mizniT:<br />
� bavSvTa Sromis realoba<br />
� bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebis mizezebi da<br />
misi aRmofxvris gzebi<br />
� Sromisa da eqspluataciis saziano formebisagan<br />
dacvis ufleba<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba<br />
� TamaSisa da dasvenebis ufleba<br />
� informirebulobis amaRleba bavSvTa Sromis<br />
problemis Sesaxeb<br />
� problemis sirTulis mimarT kritikuli<br />
azrovnebis ganviTareba<br />
� samarTlianobisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis<br />
ganviTareba problemis gadasaWreli gzebis<br />
Ziebis procesSi<br />
� „aSikis cxovrebis faqtebis“ asli; TiToeul<br />
moTamaSes erTi asli<br />
� kalmistrebi da markerebi<br />
� A3 zomis qaRaldis furclebi an dafis<br />
furclebi<br />
� daamzadeT cxrilis “ideebi gadawyvetilebis<br />
sapovnelad” aslebi A3 zomis furclebze an<br />
dafis furclebze. gaakeTeT erTi asli mcire<br />
jgufisaTvis da erTi plenaruli sxdomisaTvis<br />
� SeiswavleT qvemoT miTiTebuli informacia<br />
jgufisTvis savarjiSos gacnobis mizniT.<br />
1. ganumarteT monawileebs, rom savarjiSo realur istorias<br />
asaxavs, kerZod, pakistaneli biWis, aSikis muSaobis ambavs.<br />
TamaSis mizania - aSikis mdgomareobis SecvlisaTvis SesaZlo<br />
gzebis povna.<br />
2. “moTelvisaTvis” SeasruleT “mogonili ambis Txrobis” erTi<br />
raundi. moikribeT fantazia da moifiqreT/moyeviT erTi dRis<br />
102 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
istoria aSikis cxovrebidan. mimarTeT wreSi msxdom TiToeul<br />
moTamaSes daamatos erTi winadadeba.<br />
3. dayaviT moTamaSeebi mcire jgufebad, TiToeulSi maqsimum 5<br />
monawiliT. daurigeT yvelas aSikis cxovrebis faqtebis<br />
furclis asli. gamoyaviT 5 wuTi kiTxvisa da<br />
komentarebisaTvis.<br />
4. mieciT TiToeul jgufs “ideebi gadawyvetilebisaTvis”<br />
teqstis asli. ganmarteT, rom maTi amocanaa moifiqron aSikis<br />
da sxva daqiravebuli bavSvebis problemebis gadaWris gzebi.<br />
Sesabamis svetebSi unda Camoweron SesaZlo RonisZiebebi,<br />
romelTa ganxorcieleba gadawyvetda problemas “erT dReSi”,<br />
“erT TveSi”, da “momavalSi”. moTamaSeebs 30 wuTi aqvT am<br />
amocanis SesrulebisaTvis da momxseblis dasaxelebisaTvis.<br />
5. plenarul sxdomaze, sTxoveT TiToeul monawiles gamoTqvas<br />
azri yoveli svetis Sesaxeb. SeajameT ideebi dafaze.<br />
survilis SemTxvevaSi mieciT ideebis ganxilvis saSualeba,<br />
magram gaxsovdeT drois SezRudva.<br />
6. cxrilis Sevsebis Semdeg, CaatareT saerTo analizi da<br />
SeajameT Sedegebi.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
diskusiis diapazoni damokidebulia monawileTa erudiciaze, magram<br />
ecadeT gaarkvioT, rogorc maTi Sexedulebebi bavSvTa Sromis Sesaxeb, aseve<br />
maTi ideebi aRniSnuli problemis gadasawyvetad.<br />
� ra informacia hqondaT monawileebs bavSvTa Sromis Sesaxeb, am<br />
savarjiSos Sesrulebamde? rogor Seityves amis Sesaxeb?<br />
informaciis romeli wyaroebidan?<br />
� arsebobs bavsvta Sromis SemTxvevebi maT qveyanaSi/qalaqSi? ra<br />
samuSaos asruleben bavSvebi da ratom muSaoben isini?<br />
� unda imuSaon, Tu ara bavSvebma? unda hqondeT arCevanis ufleba<br />
imuSaon, Tu ara?<br />
� „bavSvTa Sroma qmnis Semosavlis wyaros ojaxebisa da<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis. akrZaleT es da yvelaze metad bavSvebi<br />
dazaraldebian.“ rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba am gamonaTqvamis<br />
mimarT?<br />
� ra sargebloba moaqvs CvenTvis, rogorc momxmareblisaTvis, bavSvTa<br />
Sromas?<br />
� gagiWirdaT bavSvTa Sromis problemis gadasaWreli SesaZlo<br />
RonisZiebebis mofiqreba? sami svetidan (“erT dReSi”, “erT TveSi”,<br />
da “momavalSi”), romeli iyo ufro rTuli Sesavsebi? ratom?<br />
� bavSvTa Sromis problemas miZRvna uamravi deklaracia da<br />
konfrencia, rogorc calkeul qveynebSi, aseve saerTaSoriso doneze.<br />
ratom rCeba is kvlav aseT farTomasStabian problemad mTel<br />
msoflioSi?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
103
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
2 dekemberi<br />
monobis<br />
gauqmebisaTvis<br />
brZolis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
� vis unda daevalos problemis gadaWra? (aiReT gansxvavebuli feris<br />
markeri da SeitaneT pasuxi cxrilSi).<br />
� SegviZlia rigiT moqalaqeebs, am problemis gadawyvetaSi daxmareba?<br />
rogor da rodis?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tu monawileebs mwiri informacia aqvT bavSvTa Sromis Sesaxeb, gaacaniT<br />
maT savarjiSo bavSvTa Sromis faqtebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb. interesis<br />
gaZlierebis mizniT, qvemoT warmodgenili statistikuri monacemebi<br />
SeTavazeT mokle viqtorinis formiT.<br />
jgufs SeiZleba gauWirdes pirveli ori svetisaTvis ideebis mofiqreba<br />
(“erT dReSi” da “erT TveSi”), ramac SeiZleba warmoSvas umweobisa da<br />
imedgacruebis grZnoba. SegiZliaT maTi gamxneveba Semdegi gancxadebis<br />
wakiTxviT:<br />
“amocana rTulia, magram ara imdenad, rom gadaulaxavi da dauZleveli<br />
aRmoCndes. bavSvTa Sromis problemas ganviTarebuli qveynebic ver ascdnen.<br />
es adasturebs, rom problemis gamomwvevi mizezi resursebis deficiti ki<br />
ara, realuri Zalisxmevis nakleboba. ase gagrZeleba dauSvebelia.<br />
uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebidan m.s. mexta tamilnadus Statis da sxvaTa<br />
winaaRmdeg saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, indoeTi, 1986.<br />
Cveulebisamebr, monawileebi acnobiereben, rom efeqturi da<br />
perspeqtiuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa mizezebis<br />
garkveva. mizezebis gaanalizebis Semdeg, gadawyvetilebebi xSirad<br />
TvalnaTliv ikveTeba. Tumca, SeiZleba, amis miTiTeba mogiwioT zogierT<br />
jgufebTan, gansakuTrebiT, Tu isini sirTuleebs awydebian<br />
gadawyvetilebebis Ziebisas.<br />
SeiZleba provocireba gaukeToT ideebs Semdegi winadadebebis<br />
SeTavazebiT:<br />
� siRaribis daZleva, raTa bavSvebs ar mouxdeT muSaoba.<br />
� ufrosebis xelfasebis gazrda, raTa naklebi saWiroeba iyos<br />
bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebisaTvis.<br />
� ganaTlebis ganviTareba, raTa igi ufro mimzidveli da aqtualuri<br />
gaxdes bavSvebisaTvis.<br />
� bavSvTa Sromis saerTaSoriso standartebis Camoyalibeba.<br />
� bavSvTa Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili produqciis akrZalva.<br />
� saerTaSoriso doneze SemuSavdes Sromis minimaluri standartebi,<br />
rogorc msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi wevrobis piroba.<br />
gamoiyeneT nebismieri mimdinare lokaluri an globaluri siaxle<br />
/informacia bavSvTa Sromis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, raTa savarjiSo iyos<br />
aqtualuri da saintereso.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu gsurT monawileebis codnis gaRrmaveba bavSvTa Sromis gamoyenebis<br />
koncefciasTan dakavSirebiT, SegiZliaT savarjiSos dawyebamde CaataroT<br />
viqtorina. viqtorinis naxva SegiZliaT Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis<br />
104 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
(http://us.ilo.org/ilokidsnew/whatis.html) da iunisefis vebgverdebze<br />
(www.unicef.org/aclabour/quiz.htm)<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moipoveT damatebiTi informacia bavSvTa Sromisgamoyenebis winaaRmdeg<br />
mimarTuli axalgazrduli kampaniis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, “bavSvebs SeuZliaT<br />
gaaTavisuflon bavSvebi” - bavSvTa uflebebis fondi, romelic daaarsa 12<br />
wlis kanadelma biWma www.icomm.ca/freechild/<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
mexuTe TavSi, bavSvebisa da maTi socialuri uflebebis sainformacio<br />
ganyofilebaSi, moyvanilia statistika bavSvTa Sromis, saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlis, bavSvTa Sromis eqspluataciis Sedegad warmoebuli produqciis,<br />
bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebisa da bavSvze misi gavlenis Sesaxeb.<br />
bavSvTa Sromis problemis maStaburobaze miuTiTebs am sakiTxze<br />
arsebuli uzarmazari informacia. am TvalsazrisiT saintereso internet<br />
gverdebs miekuTvneba Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia (hwww.ilo.org),<br />
iunisefi (www.unicef.org) da organizacia “gadaarCineT bavSvebi”<br />
(www.savethechildren.org.uk).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
105
dasrigebeli masala<br />
faqtebi aSikis cxovrebidan<br />
ideebi gadawyvetilebis sapovnelad<br />
ra unda movimoqmedoT, rom davexmaroT aSiks da sxva bavSvebs?<br />
erTi dRis Semdeg? erTi kviris Semdeg? momavalSi?<br />
106 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
bavSvTa uflebebi<br />
bavSvi siTamamis gareSe gavs uvarskvlavo cas<br />
bavSvebi, adamianis zogadi uflebebi, ganaTleba<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis ganxilvis stimulirebis<br />
mizniT savarjiSo iyenebs baraTebis mravalwaxnagovani<br />
(briliantis) daxarisxebis meTods. diskusia Seexeba<br />
Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi da konvenciiT<br />
gansazRvruli bavSvis specifiuri uflebebi<br />
� konvenciiT gansazRvruli movaleobebi da<br />
pasuxismgeblobebi<br />
� rogor davicvaT uflebebi<br />
� sakuTar ojaxSi cxovrebis ufleba<br />
� ekonomikuri eqspluataciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� sasamarTlo procesebze gansakuTrebuli mopyrobis<br />
ufleba<br />
� codnis gavrceleba bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
� informaciis kritikuli analizisa da misi<br />
realobasTan Sedarebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� samarTlianobis, pasuxismgeblobis, solidarobisa da<br />
Tanasworuflebianobis grZnobis stimulireba<br />
� baraTi-gaminaTqvamebi – TiTo kompleqti TiToeuli<br />
mcire jgufisaTvis<br />
� didi zomis furceli kedelze gasakravad<br />
� markerebi<br />
� sakmarisi sivrce, raTa mcire jgufebma imuSaon<br />
damoukideblad<br />
� mimarTeT bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis Semoklebul<br />
variants 514 gv-ze. CamowereT konvenciis muxlebi<br />
didi zomis furcelze kedelze gasakravad.<br />
� gadaxedeT qvemoT moyvanil baraT-gamonaTqvamebs da<br />
daeyrdeniT konvencias. gadawyviteT, diskusiis dros<br />
romeli muxlebi ufro met interess aRZravs<br />
konkretul jgufSi. ifiqreT, romeli sakiTxebia<br />
aqtualuri jgufis wevrebisaTvis da romeli<br />
sakiTxebia sakamaTo<br />
� moamzadeT baraTebis kompleqtebi. CadeT TiToeuli<br />
kompleqti calke konvertSi, raTa erTmaneTSi ar<br />
airios!<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
107<br />
bavSvebi<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
ganaTleba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi
instruqciebi<br />
1. daiwyeT bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis mokle mimoxilviT. ikiTxeT,<br />
ra ician monawileebma konvenciis Sesaxeb. miuTiTeT kedelze<br />
gakrul fircelze da CaikiTxeT ZiriTadi muxlebi.<br />
2. TxoveT monawileebs daewyon 3-4 kacian mcire jgufebad. gadaeciT<br />
konvertebi baraTi-gamonaTqvamebiT.<br />
3. ganmarteT briliantis daxarisxebis proceduris arsi. TiToeulma<br />
jgufma unda imsjelos 9 gamonaTqvamze da gaiazros, ramdenad<br />
aqtualuria TiToeuli maTgani maT cxovrebaSi. amis Semdeg, unda<br />
ganaTavson es gancxadebebi briliantis daaxarisxebis principiT, anu<br />
maTi mniSvnelobis mixedviT. unda dadon yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
gamonaTqvami magidaze, mas qvemodan amoudon naklebad mniSvnelovani<br />
ori momdevno gamonaTqvami. am ori gamonaTqvamis qvemoT unda<br />
moaTavson kidev ufro naklebad mniSvnelovani gamonaTqvami. meoTxe<br />
rigSic, amave principiT daideba ori baraTi, xolo mexuTe rigSi<br />
erTi gamonaTqvami, romelic maTi azriT yvelaze nakleb<br />
mniSvnelovania. amrigad, baraTebis wyoba miiRebs briliantis formas.<br />
4. mieciT jgufs 25 wuTi msjelobisa da baraTebis TanmimdevrobiT<br />
ganlagebis mosafiqreblad.<br />
5. rodesac jgufebi Seasruleben amocanas, mieciT monawileebs<br />
saSualeba, rom daaTvalieron oTaxi da gaecnon sxva jgufebis<br />
“ranJirebis” Sedegebs. Semdeg moiwvieT plenaruli sxdoma analizis<br />
Casatareblad.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
miiwvieT TiToeuli jgufi cal-calke, raTa warmoadginon diskusiis<br />
Sedgebi. amis Semdeg, daazusteT, ramdenad moewonaT monawileebs savarjiSo<br />
da ra codna SeiZines. gamoiyeneT kiTxvebi:<br />
� ras iZleva calkeuli jgufebis ganxilvebis Sedegebis Sedareba? ra<br />
msgavseba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris?<br />
� ratom aqvT sxvadasxva adamianebs sxvadasxva prioritetebi?<br />
� sxvebis mosmenis Semdeg gauCnda Tu ara romelime jgufs survili<br />
gadaxedon TavianT gadawyvetilebebs baraTebis daxarisxebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT? romeli argumentebi iyo yvelaze damajerebeli?<br />
� romeli uflebebi ar aris daculi Tqven sazogadoebaSi da ratom?<br />
� aris iseTi uflebebi, romelic konvenciaSi araa Setanili da Tqven<br />
ki fiqrobT, rom unda iyos?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom bavSvebs WirdebaT konvencia? ratom?<br />
� Tuki bavSvebs aqvT konvencia, ratom ar unda qondeT is 18-dan 30<br />
wlamde axalgazrdebs?<br />
� ra specifiur uflebebs unda Seicavdes aseTi konvencia<br />
axalgazrdebisaTvis?<br />
� erTia bavSvTa uflebebis gansazRvra konvenciaSi, magram, ramdenad<br />
realuri, rom maT pretenzia ganacxadon TavianTi uflebebis<br />
Sesrulebaze?<br />
� zogadad, rogor moiTxoven adamianebi TavianTi uflebebis dacvas?<br />
108 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� Tu sakuTari uflebebis dacvis erT-erTi saSualeba demokratiul<br />
procesebSi monawileobaa, ra unda moimoqmedon monawileebma saxlSi,<br />
skolaSi, klubSi, rom daicvan Tavisi uflebebi?<br />
� vis unda mimarTon bavSvebma sazogadoebaSi, Tu miaCniaT, rom maTi<br />
uflebebi seriozulad irRveva?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
damatebiTi informacia briliantis daxarisxebis Sesaxeb mocemulia 67<br />
gv.ze I TavSi “rogor visargebloT <strong>kompasi</strong>T”. auxseniT jgufebs, rom<br />
baraTebis daxarisxebisas ar arsebobs erTaderTi swori da/an mcdari gza.<br />
maT unda gaiazron, rom sxvadasxva xalxs sxvadasxva gamocdileba gaaCniaT.<br />
Sesabamisad, prioritetebic gansxvavebulia da maT pativiscemiT unda<br />
moekidon. da mainc, monawileebi unda ecadon mcire jgufebSi miaRwion<br />
konsensuss baraTebis TanmimdevrobasTan dakavSirebiT. bolosdabolos,<br />
realur cxovrebaSi, prioritetebi da gadawyvetilebebi TiToeuli adamianis<br />
interesebidan unda gamomdinareobdes.<br />
variantebi<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis muxlebiT Sevsebuli cxra baraTis<br />
nacvlad jgufs daurigeT rva baraTi, xolo erTi baraTi daitoveT<br />
carieli, raTa Tavad jgufis wevrebma Seavson igi.<br />
CaawyveT baraTi-gamonaTqvamebi qudSi. sTxoveT monawileebs rigrigobiT<br />
amoiRon TiTo baraTi da isaubron mis Sesaxeb erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
damatebiTi informacia ixileT savarjiSoSi “erTi wuTiT!” (gv. 180)<br />
TxoveT jgufebs daweron mokle istoria an warmoadginon SerCeul<br />
muxlTan dakavSirebuli incidentis mokle roluri gaTaSeba. kidev erTi<br />
alternativaa istoriebis/roluri gaTamaSebis gamoyeneba mediis<br />
informaciebze dayrdnobiT: raime filmSi an TeatrSi mosmenili, nanaxi an<br />
wignSi Tu JurnalSi wakiTxuli istoriebi. rolebis gaTamaSeba SeiZleba<br />
ganviTardes ise, rom monawileebma Tavdapirvelad warmoadginon raime<br />
epizodi da gadavidnen gamosavlis improvizirebul Ziebaze, an msgavsi<br />
incidentebisa Tu zogadad adamianis uflebebis darRvevebis Tavidan<br />
acilebis gzebze.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moiwvieT jgufTan sasaubrod bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciaSi kargad<br />
garkveuli priovneba, magaliTad, bavSevebis daxmarebis samsaxuris<br />
xelmZRvaneli, bavSvebis fsiqologi an warmomadgeneli ombudsmenis<br />
ofisidan. saubris win, CaatareT gonebrivi Sturmi bavSvis uflebebis<br />
SesaZlo darRvevebze. magaliTad, cudi mopyroba, seqsualuri eqspluatacia,<br />
bavSvebisadmi mozrdilTa valdebulebebis ignorireba da dacinva. gaarkvieT<br />
spikerTan, vis evaleba adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi bavSvebze mzrunveloba da<br />
vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba. magaliTad, mSoblebs, policias, daxmarebis<br />
samsaxurebs, socialur muSakebs da a.S. iTxoveT rCeva, rogor unda<br />
imoqmedos bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis mowmem im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac, misi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
109
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
20 noemberi<br />
bavSvTa saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
mezobeli cudad epyroba Tavis bavSvebs. aseT sakiTxebs taqtiani, frTxili<br />
da faqizi midgoma esaWiroeba.<br />
bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi xSirad grZnoben Tavs diskriminirebulad. Tu<br />
jgufs survili aqvs ganixilos diskriminaciis sakiTxebi, SeuZliaT<br />
Seasrulon savarjiSo “yvela Tanaswori, yvela gansxvavebuli” (gv. 304).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
ganixileT skolis menejmenti, politika da saswavlo programa, raTa<br />
gaarkvioT, rogor asrulebs skola Tavis movaleobebsa da valdebulebebs<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis mimarT. magaliTad, skola uzrunvelyofs<br />
ganaTlebas, romelic mimaTulia bavSvis pirovnebis, niWisa da unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTarebisaken, Tu mTeli yurdReba gadatanili aqvs gamocdebisaTvis<br />
momzadebaze? Tavisuflad gamoTqvamen moswavleebi azrs im sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, romlebic maT keTildReobas exeba? eqceva saTanado yuradReba<br />
moswavleebis azrs? sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, arsebobs skolis sabWo? Tu<br />
arsebobs, ramdenad efeqturia is? skolis disciplina SesabamisobaSia<br />
bavSvis Rirsebis dacvasTan? rogor reagirebs skola rasistul<br />
incidentebze da sisastikis faqtebze? imsjeleT, ra saSualebebi arsebobs<br />
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis da ra zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli am<br />
sakiTxebis mosagvareblad. magaliTi ixileT 341 gverdze - “moqmedebaze<br />
gadasvla” da dagegmeT proeqti. iyaviT frTxilad da ar iCqaroT. zedmetad<br />
ar gaanawyenoT maswavleblebi, gansakuTrebiT, Tu isini isedac<br />
gsayveduroben rom maT kompetenciaSi iWrebiT!<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
konvenciis sruli teqsti, iunisefis yovelwliurad gamoqveynebuli<br />
Sesabamisi dokumentebi msoflios bavSvTa mdgomareobaze da bavSvTa<br />
uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sxva publikaciebi da gamocemebi ixile mexuTe<br />
Tavis gamoyenebuli literaturis siaSi, romelic Seicavs bazisur<br />
informacias bavSvTa problematikis Sesaxeb (gv. 405).<br />
110 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
baraTi-gamonaTqvamebi<br />
gaakeTeT CamoTvlili muxlebis aslebi, amoWeriT isini da gaakeTeT<br />
baraTi-gamonaTqvamebi<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs, Tavisuflad gamoTqvams Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba,<br />
amasTan, bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba eTmoba misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad. bavSvs<br />
ufleba aqvs Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi azri.<br />
pativiscemiT unda movepyroT bavSvis uflebas azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebaze. bavSvs ufleba<br />
aqvs kavSirisa da mSvidobiani Sekrebebis Tavisuflebaze.<br />
arc erT bavSvi ar unda iyos mis pirad cxovrebaSi, ojaxur saqmeebSi, an pirad mimoweraSi uneblie an<br />
ukanono Carevis sagani. bavSvi daculi unda iyos mis Rirsebaze da reputaciaze ukanono Tavdasxmisagan.<br />
mSoblebs aqvT upiratesi pasuxismgebloba bavSvis gazrdasa da ganviTarebaze.<br />
bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. saxelmwifom unda gaxados dawyebiTi ganaTleba savaldebulo, xelmisawvdomi<br />
da ufaso yvelasaTvis. skolis disciplina unda ganxorcieldes bavSvis Rirsebis dacvis Sesatyvisi<br />
gziT. ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos bavSvis pirovnebis, niWisa da unaris, adamianis uflebebis da<br />
ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis pativiscemis ganviTarebisaken, Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi pasuxismgeblobis,<br />
mSvidobis, megobrobis, gagebis, Semwynareblobis da Tanasworobis grZnobiT cxovrebis da garemos<br />
dacvis mimarT pativiscemis grZnobis ganviTarebisaken.<br />
bavSvs aqvs dasvenebis da garTobis, TamaSis, socialur cxovrebaSi da xelovnebis sferoSi Tavisufali<br />
monawileobis ufleba.<br />
bavSvi daculi unda iyos ekonomikuri eqsploataciisagan da iseTi samuSaos Sesrulebisagan, romelic<br />
sazianoa misi sicocxlisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. bavSvi daculi unda iyos seqsualuri eqsploataciis<br />
yvela formisagan da seqsualuri Zaladobisagan, prostituciisa da sxva ukanono seqsualur<br />
garyvnilebaSi, pornografiis industriaSi da a.S. gamoyenebisagan<br />
saxelmwifom unda miiRos yvela praqtikuli zoma SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverpli bavSvebis zrunvasa<br />
da dacvaze.<br />
yvela bavSvs, romelsac bralad edeba danaSaulis Cadena unda mieces udanaSaulobis prezumfciis garantia<br />
vidre ar dadasturdeba misi braleuloba, unda sargeblobdes iuridiuli daxmarebiT sasamarTlo<br />
ganxilvebis dros, ar unda aiZulon misces Cveneba an aRiaros danaSauli, pativiscemiT unda moekidon<br />
mis pirad cxovrebas, da moepyron asakis, mdgomareobebis da keTildReobis Sesabamisad. arc sikvdiliT<br />
dasja da arc samudamo patimroba gaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobis gareSe ar unda iyos gamotanili<br />
bavSvebis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis 18 wlis asakis qvemoT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
111
ekologia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
6 da meti<br />
180 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
baRi erT RameSi<br />
SeZlebdiT baRis gaSenebas erT RameSi?<br />
ekologia, moqalaqeoba, janmrTeloba<br />
done 3<br />
6 da meti<br />
180 wuTi<br />
SemoqmedebiTi savarjiSo, romelic iyenebs xatvas<br />
da modelirebas, raTa Seiswavlos:<br />
� Zalebi, romlebic gansazRvraven ganviTarebas;<br />
� ramdenad akmayofilebs, an ar akmayofilebs<br />
lokaluri keTilmowyoba adgilobrivi<br />
adamianebis moTxovnilebebs;<br />
� rogor miiReba gadawyvetilebebi lokaluri<br />
ganaSenianebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi<br />
monawileobis ufleba;<br />
� sazogadoebis kulturul covrebaSi<br />
monawileobis ufleba;<br />
� dasvenebisa da garTobis ufleba.<br />
� gageba, rom mSeneblobis gegmebis relizaciis<br />
rezultatebi yovelTvis araa gardauvali;<br />
� adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobasa da perspeqtiuli<br />
mSeneblobis gegmebis SemuSavebaSi monawileobisaTvis<br />
saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;<br />
� SemoqmedebiTi midgomis, jgufuri muSaobis<br />
unar-Cvevebis, TanamSromlobisa da sxvebis<br />
pativiscemis grZnobis ganviTareba.<br />
� adgilobrivi (axlandeli da warsuli) ruqebi<br />
da fotoebi;<br />
� ubnis msxvilmasStabiani ruqa, romelzec<br />
naCvenebia Tqvens mier arCeuli adgili;<br />
� pastebi da furclebi eskizebis Sesaqmnelad;<br />
� modelebis Sesaqmneli masalebi. magaliTad,<br />
patara yuTebi, xelsaxocebi, saRebavebi, Tasmebi,<br />
Sali, Rvinis boTlis sacobebi, muyaos milebi,<br />
aluminis folga, kvercxis Casawyobi firfitebi,<br />
da sxva saSinao “xaraxura” – mavTulebi, qvebi,<br />
qerqebi, niJarebi, da a.S.<br />
� webo da webovani lenti;<br />
112 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
� saRebavebi da funjebi;<br />
� myari muyaos dafa, an fanera maketebis<br />
fundamentis gasakeTeblad.<br />
I nawilisaTvis. mSenebloba: rogor da ratom<br />
� SekribeT im qalaqis, an regionis adrindeli da<br />
amJamindeli ruqebi da fotoebi, romelSic<br />
Tqven cxovrobT.<br />
� gansazRvreT SesaZlo adgilebi, romlebzec<br />
jgufma unda imuSaos. moiZieT lokalur<br />
midamoebSi aris Tu ara adgilebi, romlebic<br />
keTilmowyobas saWiroebs.<br />
II nawilisaTvis. mSeneblobis gegmis Sedgena:<br />
� SeagroveT informacia im adgilze, romelic<br />
jgufma airCia samuSaod. magaliTad, sagazeTo<br />
statiebi da adgilobrivi sabWos sxdomebis<br />
oqmebi.<br />
� Tu apirebT maketis Seqmnas “xaraxuris”<br />
gamoyenebiT, darwmundiT, rom sakmarisi masala<br />
gaqvT. daiwyeT patara kolofebis, tualetis<br />
qaRaldis dasaxvevi rgolebisa da msgavsi<br />
nivTebis Segroveba savarjiSos Catarebamde<br />
garkveuli droiT adre.<br />
es savarjiSo gayofilia 2 nawilad: I nawili “mSenebloba: ratom da<br />
rogor” tardeba diskusiis formiT im Zalebis Sesaxeb, romlebic marTaven<br />
cvlilebebs. II nawilSi “mSeneblobis gegmis Sedgena” monawileebi adgenen<br />
ganviTarebis proeqts TavianT lokalur garemoSi da ageben mis makets.<br />
I nawili. mSenebloba – ratom da rogor<br />
1. gaacaniT monawileebs adgilobrivi mSeneblobis ganviTarebis<br />
istoria. gamoiyeneT ruqebi da fotoebi diskusiis<br />
stimulirebisaTvis imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor ganviTarda adgilobrivi<br />
garemo bolo 50-100 wlis ganmavlobaSi. isaubreT politikuri,<br />
ekonomikuri da socialuri Zalebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac ganapirobes<br />
es cvlilebebi. iyo es cvlilebebi pozitiuri? visTvis da ratom?<br />
2. sTxoveT jgufs daasaxelon cvlilebebi, romlebic maT Tvalwin<br />
ganxorcielda. magaliTad, Senobebis gafarToeba, supermarketebisa<br />
da sacxovrebeli saxlebis ageba. vin isargebla am proeqtebis<br />
ganxorcielebis Sedegad da rogor. magaliTad, aSenda iafi<br />
sacxovrebeli saxlebi adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis, Tu<br />
finansuri kompaniebis investiciebi daixarja mdidruli<br />
apartamentebisa da sadResaswaulo Senobebis asagebad?<br />
3. gadaxedeT Tqveni regionis msxvilmaStabian ruqas da SearCieT<br />
adgili, sadac yvela monawile moisurvebs muSaobas.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
113
nawili II. mSeneblobis gegmebis Sedgena<br />
1. gaSaleT msxvilmaStabiani ruqa im adgilis saCveneblad, romelic<br />
Tqven airCieT samuSaod. darwmundiT rom yvela icnobs am adgils,<br />
da Tu saWiroa moinaxuleT is.<br />
2. mimoixileT mocemuli adgilis ganaSenianebis arsebuli gegmebi.<br />
amisaTvis isargebleT adgilobrivi sagazeTo masalebis informaciiT<br />
an adgilobrivi sabWos sxdomebis oqmebiT. imsjeleT, vis Semoaqvs<br />
sxvadasxva winadadebebi da ra daintereseba aqvT maT?<br />
3. ifiqreT mocemuli adgilis ganviTarebis yvela SesaZlo gzebze.<br />
iyaviT rac SeiZleba SemoqmedebiTi.<br />
4. daiyaviT mcire 4-5 wevrian mcire jgufebad, raTa mokled<br />
ganixiloT sxvadasxva variantebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.<br />
5. Semdegi amocana TiToeuli jgufisaTvis aris konsensusamde misvla,<br />
kerZod, rogor ganviTardes SerCeuli adgili, Seiqmnas dizaini<br />
da Semdeg misi maketi.<br />
6. rodesac yvela maketi mzad iqneba, mieciT TiToeul jgufs<br />
saSualeba warmoadginos Tavisi modeli da ganmartos Tavisi gegmebi.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
ganixileT TiToeuli jgufis mier gaweuli samuSao. yvela minawile<br />
Tvlis, rom aqtiurad iyo procesSi CarTuli? rogor xdeboda<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miReba? amis Semdeg gadadiT uSualod gegmebis<br />
ganxilvaze.<br />
� ra ZiriTadi kriteriumebiT xelmZRvanelobdiT, rodesac<br />
RebulobdiT gadawyvetilebas arCeuli adgilis keTilmowyobis<br />
Sesaxeb? magaliTad, xarji, dro, Zalisxmeva, mogeba, adgilobrivi<br />
moTxovnilebebi, – romel madgans eniWeboda upiratesoba?<br />
� iTvaliswinebda dasaxuli gegmebi xalxis interesebsa da ekologiur<br />
pirobebs? ramdenadDmtkice iyo es procesi?<br />
� akmayofilebda gegma TiToeuli adgilobrivi mosaxles interesebs?<br />
magaliTad, invalidebis, bavSvebis, sxvadasxva umciresobebis<br />
interesebs?<br />
� ra resursebi iqneba saWiro gegmebis ganxorcielebisaTvis?<br />
� SeZlebisdagvarad gamoiyeneboda ganaxlebadi resursebi maTi<br />
realizaciisaTvis?<br />
� ramdenad momWirned xdeboda araganaxlebadi bunebrivi resursebis<br />
gamoyeneba?<br />
� rogor gavlenas moaxdens proeqtis ganxorcieleba ekosistemaze<br />
zogadad? magaliTad, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo veluri bunebis<br />
SenarCuneba, xeebis dargva?<br />
� ra narCenebs tovebs axali proeqtis mSenebloba da ra bedi eweva<br />
am narCenebs?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
savarjiSo varaudobs, rom axalgazrdebis umetesoba cxovrobs qalaqSi<br />
an qalaqis gareubnebSi. samSeneblo adgilis SerCeva damokidebuli unda<br />
114 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
iyos Tqvens adgilmdebareobaze da Tqven jgufze. yvela adgils aqvs<br />
ganviTarebis potencia! ideaSi jgufma Tavad unda Caataros gamokvlevebi da<br />
miiRos gadawyvetileba. Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevebSi, magaliTad, skolebSi,<br />
SeiZleba arsebobden saswavlo programuli SezRudvebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
gadawyvetilebas iRebs xelmZRvaneli.<br />
SerCeul adgilze asaSenebeli nagebobebis variantebi SeiZleba moicavdes<br />
savaWro centrs, dasvenebisa da garTobis centrs, skolis saerTo<br />
sacxovrebels, manqanebis sadgoms, gamwvanebas, saTamaSo moedans, sportul<br />
moedans, vardebis baRs xanSiSesulebisaTvis, zooparks, gasarTob parks,<br />
boulingis Ria moedans da a.S. mouwodeT monawileebs mxedvelobaSi miiRon<br />
sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenebis interesebi.<br />
variantebi<br />
SgiZliaT airCioT raime fantastikuri scenari. magaliTad, ris danaxvas<br />
isurvebdiT im adgilze, sadac axla qalaqis meriaa, sabWos<br />
administraciuli Senoba, saavadmyofo, an sxva dawesebuleba dgas? Tu Tqven<br />
cxovrobT soflad, rogor gamoiyenebdiT upatrono carieli karierebs, an<br />
maRaroelebis mier mitovebul Saxtebs?<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
meti informacia moipoveT sabWos gegmebis Sesaxeb im adgilis<br />
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic Tqven airCieT samuSaod. gamoTqviT<br />
azri am gegmebis Sesaxeb da werilobiT acnobeT is sabWos an adgilobriv<br />
gazeTs. gaarkvieT, rogor xdeba dagegmarebis gadawyvetilebebis miReba im<br />
qalaqSi an sofelSi sadac Tqven cxovrobT. ra gavlena aqvT adgilobriv<br />
mcxovreblebs gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze? rogor SeiZleba axalgazrdebs<br />
hqondeT ufro didi gavlena im gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, romelic<br />
uSualod maT exebaT? Tu jgufi dainteresda lokaluri gadawyvetilebebis<br />
miRebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis SeswavliT SeuZliaT Seasrulon<br />
savarjiSo “mivceT Tu ara xma?” (gv. 228).<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
daeswariT adgilobrivi sabWos dagegmarebis sxdomas da wvlili<br />
SeitaneT dagegmvis procesSi.<br />
monawileoba miiReT ekologiis dRisadmi miZRvnil zeimSi. Tqven<br />
qveyanaSi ekologiis dResTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciis<br />
misaRebad estumreT vebgverds: www.unep.org<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
am savarjiSos idea daibada proeqtidan “Have pǻ en nat” (baRi erT<br />
RameSi), romelic 1996 wlis festivalis “kopenhageni – kulturis qalaqi”<br />
programis nawili iyo. axalgazrdebis jgufi, romlebic warmoadgendnen<br />
organizacia “dRis wesrigi 21”-is adgilobriv ekologiur ganyofilebas<br />
„Çkologiskeigangsaettere“-s, baRis asaSeneblad ori wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
atarebdnen mosamzadebel samuSaoebs mitovebul adgilas qalaqis centrSi,<br />
marTalia, mTlad erT RameSi ara, magram ramodenime dReSi. axalgazrdebma<br />
gadawyvites, rom 300 kv. metris farTobze gaaSenebdnen sazogadoebriv baRs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
5 ivnisi<br />
garemos dacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
115
maT Seiswavles durglebis, santeqnikosebis, kalatozebisa da mebaReebis<br />
xelobebi; Caatares winaswari samuSaoebi, raTa saWiro momentSi gaeSenebinaT<br />
baRi praqtikulad „erT RameSi“. baRSi TiToeulisTvis moiZebna<br />
gasakeTebeli saqme: viwro bilikebi gars uvlidnen gamwvanebul gazonebze<br />
dargul xeebs, buCqebs, yvavilebisa da bostneulis klumbebs. baRma iarseba<br />
2001 wlis aprilamde, vidre qalaqis sabWom ar gamoiTxova es adgili<br />
sacxovrebeli saxlis asaSeneblad.<br />
116 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
dro<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
`bingos~ uflebebi!<br />
ra viciT adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, bavSvebi, pirovnebis<br />
usafrTxoeba<br />
done 1<br />
8 da meti<br />
40 wuTi<br />
es aris martivi viqtorina da variacia TamaSze<br />
“bingo!” sadac monawileebi erTmaneTs uziareben<br />
TavianT codnasa da gamocdilebas adamianis<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
adamianis nebismieri ufleba<br />
� codna, rom adamianis uflebebi aqtualuria<br />
yvelasaTvis da yvelgan<br />
� mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� sxva adamianebis da maTi azris pativiscemis<br />
damkvidreba<br />
� viqtorinis furclis erTi asli da erTi<br />
kalmistari TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
� didi zomis furceli da markerebi<br />
� gaakeTeT viqtorinis asli didi zomis<br />
furcelze<br />
gaecaniT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil ZiriTad uflebebs (gv.<br />
508) da bavSvTa uflebebis konvencias (gv. 514).<br />
1. daarigeT viqtorinis furclebi da kalmistrebi<br />
2. ganmarteT, rom monawileebma unda ipovon partniori da dausvan maT<br />
erTi SekiTxva viqtorinis furclidan. pasuxis sityva-gasaRebebi<br />
mocemuli unda iyos Sesamabis grafaSi.<br />
3. Semdeg wyvili Sordeba erTmaneTs da eZeben axal partniorebs.<br />
4. TamaSis mizania ara mxolod pasuxis gacema TiToeul grafaSi<br />
dasmul SekiTxvaze, aramed sxvadasxva monawileebis pasuxebis miReba<br />
TiToeul SekiTxvaze.<br />
5. vinc pirveli miiRebs yvela pasuxs yvela SekiTxvaze da daiZaxebs<br />
“bingo!”, CaiTvleba gamarjvebulad.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
117<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
bavSvebi<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
8 da meti<br />
40 wuTi
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
8 maisi<br />
wiTeli jvrisa da<br />
wiTeli naxevarmTvaris<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
6. Semdeg gadadiT diskusiaze. aiReT SekiTxva pirveli grafidan<br />
da sTxoveT moTamaSeebs rigrigobiT gaacnon jgufs maT mier<br />
miRebuli pasuxebi. CamowereT sityva-gasaRebebi dafis did<br />
furcelze. am etapze nebadarTulia mokle komentarebi.<br />
7. rodesac cxrili Seivseba, daubrundiT pasuxebs da ufro<br />
amomwuravad ganixileT TiToeuli grafa.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
� iyo yvela SekiTxva adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli? kerZod<br />
romel uflebebTan?<br />
� romeli SekiTxva iyo yvelaze Znelad sapasuxo? ratom?<br />
� romeli SekiTxvebi iyo yvelaze winaaRmdegobrivi? ratom aris<br />
uflebebi winaaRmdegobrivi?<br />
� saidan icodnen monawileebma adamianis uflebebisa da maTi<br />
darRvevebis Sesaxeb? endobian isini informaciis wyaros?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tavisuflad SecvaleT nebismierie SekiTxva, raTa miusadagoT savarjiSo<br />
jgufis interesebs da dones. TiToeul SekiTxvaze monawileebis pasuxebis<br />
Caweris dros CaiwereT mxolod sityva-gasaRebi. cxrilis arsi mdgomareobs<br />
mogvianebiT diskusiis gaadvilebaSi. yoveli raundis Semdeg mokled SeexeT<br />
nebismier SekiTxvas ganmartebis Taobaze, an gansxvavebul interpretaciebs.<br />
gamoyaviT nebismieri sakiTxi, romelic moiTxovs ufro Rrma analizs da<br />
SeTanxmdiT, rom am punqts savarjiSos bolos daubrundebiT.<br />
savaraudod monawileebi moiyvanen magaliTebs, romelTa Sesaxeb SeiZleba<br />
ar flobdeT informacias imis gamo, rom isini an bundovania an kerZo<br />
SemTxvevebia. amas ar unda mieqces yuradReba. aravin ar icis yvelaferi!<br />
Tqven SegiZliaT kiTxoT monawileebs, saidan aqvT es informacia da<br />
imsjeloT mis saimedoobaze da auTentikurobaze. es, WeSmaritad, saukeTeso<br />
saSualebaa SeaCvioT monawileebi informaciis kritikulad miRebas, rogorc<br />
erT-erTi ZiriTad princips.<br />
zogierTi pasuxi winaaRmdegobrivi iqneba. magaliTad, vinmem SeiZleba<br />
gamoTqvas azri, rom aborti sicocxlis uflebis warTmevaa. jgufis erTi<br />
nawili, SeiZleba, mtkiced daeTanxmos am azrs, xolo meore naxevari<br />
aseTive kategoriulobiT ar daeTanxmos. pirveli, risi swavlac aqedan<br />
SeiZleba isaa, rom mniSvnelovania nebismieri sakiTxis danaxvis mcdeloba<br />
yvela mxridan: ecadeT gaarkvioT, ratom aqvT monawileebs is azri,<br />
romelic aqvT? interesebisa da uflebebis konfliqti yovelTvis arsebobs<br />
(am SemTxvevaSi konfliqts adgili aqvs dedisa da daubadebeli bavSvis<br />
interesebsa da uflebebs Soris). rogori gansxvavebulic ar unda iyos<br />
azrebi da uflebebis interpretacia xalxi yovelTvis pativiscemiT unda<br />
ekidebodes gansxvavebul azrs. isini SeiZleba ar daeTanxmon maT<br />
Sexedulebebs, magram aucileblad pativi unda scen pirovnebas.<br />
meore gakveTili am savarjiSodan isaa, rom unda verkveodeT adamianis<br />
uflebebSi imitom, rom isini winaaRmdegobrivia. ar arsebobs<br />
erTmniSvnelovani da samudamo gadawyvetileba maTi interpretaciisa da<br />
118 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. maTi gadafaseba da ganviTareba unda xdebodes<br />
mudmivad da uwyvetad. maSasadame, yvela pasuxismgebelia iyos adamianis<br />
uflebaTa dacvisa da damkvidrebis procesis ganuyofeli nawili.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
aiReT erTi an ori pasuxi, romlebmac azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia da<br />
ganixileT realuri cxovrebiseuli dilemebi, romlebic wamoiWreba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemis kulturis Camoyalibebis mcdelobis dros.<br />
kide erTi gza adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis ganxilvisaTvis aris<br />
vizualuri gamosaxulebebis gamoyeneba. gaarkvieT, rogor xedaven<br />
monawileebi adamianis uflebebs “ras xedavT” (gv. 163) savarjiSos<br />
saSualebiT. savarjiSom SeiZleba gamoiwvios diskusia mravali sakiTxis<br />
garSemo. mag. stereotipebi, Cveni warmosaxvis Seqmna samyaros Sesaxeb,<br />
diskriminacia.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
viqtorinis SekiTxvebi<br />
dokumentis dasaxeleba,<br />
romelSic deklarirebulia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
ufleba romelic Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi zogierTebs<br />
warTmeuli aqvT<br />
movaleoba, romelic yvelas<br />
gvakisria adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacvis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis<br />
mebrZoli pirovneba<br />
gansakuTrebuli ufleba,<br />
romelic yvela bavSvs unda<br />
gaaCndes<br />
ufleba romelic piradad<br />
Tqven wagarTves<br />
wiTeli jvris monaTesave<br />
organizacia<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis<br />
mebrZoli organizacia<br />
diskriminaciis magaliTi ufleba, romelsac zogjer<br />
qalebs arTmeven<br />
sicocxlis uflebis darRveva piradi cxovrebis<br />
xelSeuxeblobis uflebis<br />
darRvevis magaliTi<br />
brZola simdidirisa da ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
119
siRaribe<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
globalizacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
8 _ 25<br />
keTildReobis<br />
tabula<br />
didi<br />
simdidre da<br />
Zalaufleba<br />
(6 an meti<br />
moneta<br />
90 wuTi<br />
saSualo<br />
simdidre<br />
da<br />
Zalufleba<br />
(3-dan 5<br />
monetamde<br />
umniSvnelo<br />
simdidre da<br />
Zalaufleba<br />
(2 da naklebi<br />
moneta)<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
cxovrebis manZilze zogi ibrZvis ocnebebis asrulebisaTvis,<br />
xolo zogi simdidrisa da ZalauflebisaTvis.<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
siRaribe, pirovnebis usafrTxoeba, globalizacia<br />
done 3<br />
8 – 25<br />
90 wuTi<br />
savarjiSo gamoxatavs simdidrisa da<br />
ZalauflebisaTvis brZolas da warmoaCens<br />
msoflioSi arsebul uTanasworobas. MmTavari<br />
sakiTxebi, romlebsac is Seexeba aris:<br />
� uTanasworoba simdidris gadanawilebaSi<br />
� Zalauflebis disbalansi da misi Sedegebi<br />
� siRaribis usamarTloba<br />
� Rirsebisa da uflebebiT Tanabrad sargeblobis<br />
ufleba<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba<br />
� janmrTelobis, kvebisa da TavSesafris ufleba<br />
� codnis gaRrmaveba simdidrisa da Zalauflebis<br />
Sedegad warmoSobili usamarTlobis Sesaxeb<br />
� siRaribis mizezebisa da Sedegebis kritikulad<br />
gaazreba<br />
� adamianuri Rirsebisa da samarTlianobis<br />
damkvidreba<br />
� 120 moneta<br />
� 3-4 wyvili winda<br />
� 2 didi zomis furceli da markerebi<br />
� kalmistrebi da furclebi<br />
� Ria sivrce<br />
� gadaikiTxeT instruqciebi, raTa sruli<br />
warmodgena gqondeT savarjiSoze. miaqcieT<br />
yuradReba, rom TamaSi dayofilia 3 nawilad:<br />
nawili I - brZola (10 wuTi); nawili II –<br />
qvelmoqmedeba (10 wuTi); da nawili III –<br />
ekonomikuri samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofa (40<br />
wuTi); diskusia imarTeba TamaSis bolos.<br />
� gadainaxeT 20 moneta<br />
� airCieT sami monawile imigrantebis rolis Sesasruleblad<br />
� gaakeTeT kedlis cxrili moTamaSeebis simdidris aRwerisaTvis<br />
120 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
instruqciebi<br />
(ix. ilustracia)<br />
� moamzadeT cxrili saTauriT “sapatio qvelmoqmedni”<br />
ganmarteT, rom savarjiSo efuZneba situaciis inscenirebas. moTamaSeebma<br />
unda gadainawilon mTeli msoflios simdidre da Zalaufleba.<br />
nawili I: brZola (10 wuTi)<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom TamaSis mizania, rac SeiZleba meti monetebis<br />
Segroveba. arsebobs mxolod erTi wesi – arc erTi monawile ar<br />
unda Seexos sxva moTamaSes (amisTvis SegiZliaT daawesoT jarima,<br />
magaliTad, 1 monetis gadaxda).<br />
2. sTxoveT yvelas, imigrantebis rolebis Semsruleblebis gamoklebiT,<br />
dasxdnen iatakze did wreSi (ise rom sakmarisi adgili iyos<br />
TamaSisaTvis)<br />
3. aiReT gadanaxuli 20 moneta da gaunawileT nebismier 4 an 5<br />
monawiles<br />
4. mieciT 4 sxva monawiles TiTo wyvili winda. auxseniT, rom unda<br />
wamoicvan windebi xelze da ase hqondeT mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
gadadeT TamaSis dasrulebamde monetebisa da windebis ganawilebis<br />
principis ganmarteba.<br />
5. Tanabrad mimofanteT 100 moneta wris SuagulSi.<br />
6. sityvaze “daiwyeT” monawileebma unda Seagrovon rac SeiZleba meti<br />
moneta. es, albaT, 2 wuTze met xans ar gagrZeldeba.<br />
7. mas Semdeg, rac yvela moneta Segrovdeba, sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
acnobon TavianTi qonebis Sesaxeb jgufis danarCen wevrebs.<br />
keTildReobis cxrilSi CawereT TiToeuli monawilis saxeli da maT<br />
mier mopovebuli monetebis raodenoba.<br />
8. SeaxseneT jgufs, rom monetebi ganasaxiereben maT amqveyniur<br />
simdidres da Zalauflebas. jgufis mier mopovebuli monetebis<br />
raodenobaze iqneba damokidebuli maTi moTxovnilebebisa (magaliTad,<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTleba, normaluri kveba, janmrTelobis dacva,<br />
normaluri sacxovrebeli pirobebi) da survilebis (magaliTad,<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba, manqanebi, kompiuterebi, saTamaSoebi,<br />
televizorebi da sxva fufunebis sagnebi) dakmayofileba. amrigad, Tu<br />
moTamaSeebs aqvT::<br />
� 6 an meti moneta – monawileebi SeZleben daikmayofilon<br />
ZiriTadi “moTxovnilebebi” da “survilebis” umravlesoba.<br />
� 3-dan 5 monetamde – monawileebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT<br />
daakmayofilon ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi.<br />
� 2 an naklebi moneta – monawileebs mouxdebaT brZola<br />
arsebobisaTvis avadmyofobebis, ganaTlebis naklebobis,<br />
arasaTanado kvebisa da TavSesafris arqonis gamo.<br />
nawili II: qvelmoqmedeba (10 wuTi)<br />
1. uTxariT moTamaSeebs, rom SeuZliaT gaunawilon TavianTi monetebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo sxvebs, adamianis Tu maT uflebaTa amis ganaTlebis survili sferoSi aqvT. axalgazrdebis Tumca, monawileobiT amis gakeTeba . evropis ar sabWo<br />
aris 121<br />
globaluri gayofa<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi 10-dan 1<br />
bavSvi iRupeba vidre is 5 wlis<br />
asaks miaRwevs. SedarebisaTvis<br />
aSS-Si 165-dan 1 bavSvi iRupeba 5<br />
wlis Sesrulebamde. 1998 wels<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi mTliani<br />
625 milionidan 130 milioni<br />
bavSvi ver Sevida dawyebiT<br />
skolaSi, aqedan 73 milioni<br />
gogona iyo.<br />
(iunisefi)<br />
msoflio mosaxleobis umdidresi<br />
nawili romelic 1/5-s Seadgens<br />
moixmars mTliani produqciisa<br />
da servisebis kolosalur 86 %<br />
maSin rodesac uRaribesi 1/5<br />
nawili moixmars 1%-s.<br />
sicocxlis mosalodneli<br />
xangrZlivoba dabadebisas<br />
1995- 2000 wlebSi<br />
Cvilis dabadebisas sicocxlis<br />
xangrZlivoba imis maCvenebelia,<br />
Tu ramdeni weli SeiZleba<br />
icocxlis axalSobilma, Tuki<br />
misi sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
sikvdilianobis done igive iqneba,<br />
rac misi dabadebis dros iyo.<br />
gaeros ganviTarebis programis<br />
2001 wlis moxseneba:<br />
iaponia: 80.5<br />
norvegia: 78.1<br />
irlandia: 76.1<br />
saberZneTi: 78.0<br />
CexeTis respublika: 74.3<br />
ruseTis federacia: 66.1<br />
maldivis kunZulebi: 65.4<br />
samxreT afrika: 56.7<br />
ekvatoriuli gvinea: 50.0<br />
zimbabve: 42.9<br />
zambia: 40.5<br />
siera leone: 37.3<br />
sicocxlis mosalodneli<br />
xangrZlivobis umaRles da<br />
udables maCveneblebs Soris<br />
gansxvaveba aris 43.2 weli!
savaldebulo. ganumarteT, rom vinc mowyalebas gascems qvelmoqmedis<br />
wodebas daimsaxurebs da misi saxeli Caiwereba “sapatio<br />
qvelmoqmedTa” siaSi.<br />
2. mieciT monawileebs 3-4 wuTi monetebis gasanawileblad, Tu amis<br />
survili aqvT.<br />
3. ikiTxeT vin gasca mowyaleba da ra raodenobiT. CawereT maTi<br />
saxelebi “sapatio qvelmoqmedTa” siaSi.<br />
4. ikiTxeT, Tu Seicvala vinmem kategoria monetebis miRebis, an gacemis<br />
Semdeg da cvlilebebi daafiqsireT cxrilSi isrebis saSualebiT.<br />
nawili III: ekonomikuri samarTlianobis uzrunvelyofa (40 wuTi).<br />
1. dayaviT moTamaSeebi 3 jgufad monetebis raodenobis mixedviT (didi<br />
simdidre, saSualo simdidre da umniSvnelo simdidre).<br />
2. SeiyvaneT TiToeul jgufSi erTi imigranti. miaqcieT yuradReba maT<br />
reaqciebs ama Tu im jgufSi moxvedrasTan dakavSirebiT. diskusia am<br />
sakiTxis garSemo gamarTeT analizze gadasvlis momentisaTvis.<br />
3. daarigeT fanqrebi da kalmistrebi. TiToeul jgufs mieciT davaleba<br />
SeimuSaon monetebis (msoflio simdidre) samarTliani gadanawilebis<br />
TavianTi gegma, raTa Semcirdes bzari simdidrisa da Zalauflebis<br />
sxvadasxva kategoriebs Soris. TiToeuli jgufis moqmedebis gegmam<br />
unda:<br />
� aCvenos, risi gakeTebaa saWiro (Tuki amis saWiroeba arsebobs),<br />
� aRweros ris gakeTebas gegmavs jgufi da ratom,<br />
� ganmartos, ratom daamkvidrebs samarTlianobis swored misi gegma.<br />
4. mieciT jgufebs 10 wuTi gegmis SesamuSaveblad. ganmarteT, rom gegma<br />
ar unda iyos Zalze detaluri. aqcenti unda gakeTdes zogierT<br />
RonisZiebaze, romlebic maT daexmarebaT siRaribis problemis<br />
gadaWraSi.<br />
5. TiToeulma jgufma unda airCios warmomadgeneli, romelic auxsnis<br />
danarCenebs gegmis arss da pasuxs gascems SekiTxvebs. CamowereT<br />
SemoTavazebuli gegmebi didi zomis furcelze.<br />
6. gamoacxadeT, rom gegmis SerCeva moxdeba kenWisyriT. xmebi<br />
ganawildeba Semdegnairad:<br />
� TiToeuli monawiles jgufidan “didi simdidre da Zalaufleba”<br />
eqneba 5 xma,<br />
� TiToeuli monawiles jgufidan “saSualo simdidre da<br />
Zalaufleba” – 2 xma,<br />
� TiToeuli monawile jgufidan “mcire simdidre da Zalaufleba”<br />
– naxevari xma.<br />
7. CaatareT kenWisyra. CamowereT yvela gegmisaTvis micemuli xmebis<br />
raodenoba did furcelze. gamoacxadeT romelma gegmam gaimarjva.<br />
8. ganaxorcieleT gamarjvebuli gegma da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
gadaanawileT simdidre.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
122 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
daiwyeT mokle gamokiTxviT savarjiSos Sesaxeb, rogor moewonaT is<br />
monawileebs. Semdeg gadadiT ganxilvaze, ra moxda da ra iswavles<br />
monawileebma. diskusiis warmarTvisaTvis gamoiyeneT SekiTxvebi:<br />
� ra grZnobebi aRZra moTamaSeebSi monetebis mopovebisa da<br />
ganawilebis meTodebma? Tvlian, rom samarTlianad moeqcnen?<br />
� ratom gasca zogierTma monawilem monetebi? pativisaTvis?<br />
damnaSaved igrZnes Tavi? raime sxva mosazrebiT?<br />
� ras grZnobdnen moTamaSeebi, romlebmac TamaSis II nawilSi miiRes<br />
monetebi? madlierebas? grZnobdnen Semwynareblur damokidebulebas<br />
donorebis mxridan?<br />
� ras ityviT windebiani monawileebis Sesaxeb? ra tipis adamianebs<br />
warmoadgenen isini? romel jgufSi aRmoCndnen sabolood?<br />
� risi Tqma SeiZleba sam “imigrantze”, romlebic gadanawildnen<br />
jgufebSi? Tvlian, rom samarTlianad moeqcnen? rogor fiqrobT, is,<br />
rac maT SeemTxvaT, aris im SemTxvevebis msgavsi, rac realurad<br />
emarTebaT adamianebs mTel msoflioSi? romel adamianebs? Cveni bedi<br />
mxolod SemTxvevazea damokidebuli?<br />
� ra gansxvavebebi arsebobda samarTliani gadanawilebis<br />
SemoTavazebul gegmebs Soris? ramdenad Seesabameboda TiToeuli<br />
jgufis mier warmodgenili gegma am jgufis keTildReobis dones?<br />
� ratom hqonda zogierT moTamaSes meti xmis ufleba, vidre<br />
danarCenebs? ramdenad zustad warmoadgenda es msoflioSi<br />
Zalauflebis gadanawilebis realur suraTs?<br />
� irRveva adamianis uflebebi simdidrisa da Zalauflebis msgavsi<br />
araTanabari gadanawilebis Sedegad? Tu irRveva, romeli uflebebi?<br />
� vin iTvleba “SeZlebul” da “upovar“ adamianad msoflioSi, Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi, Tqvens mxareSi? rogor aRmoCndnen am mdgomareobaSi?<br />
� unda awuxebdeT Tu ara “SeZlebulebs” “upovarTa” bedi? ra<br />
mizeziT? usafrTxoebis, ekonomikuri, moraluri/religiuri Tu<br />
politikuri mizeziT? ratom unda daexmaron materialurad<br />
SeZlebuli adamianebi xelmokle adamianebs? gadaWris es gza<br />
siRaribis problemas?<br />
� risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT xelmokle adamianebs TavianTi mdgomareobis<br />
gasaumjobeseblad? ra zomebs Rebuloben Raribebi mTel msoflioSi<br />
da konkretulad Tqven qveyanaSi simdidrisa da Zalauflebis<br />
uTanasworo gadanawilebis Sesamcireblad?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom msoflioSi unda moxdes simdidrisa da Zalauflebis<br />
xelaxali gadanawileba? ratom ki, an ratom ara? Tu ki, rogor<br />
gesaxebaT amis miRweva? ra principebiT ixelmZRvanelebdiT am<br />
cvlilebebis SemuSavebis dros?<br />
� SesaZlebelia, rom adamianis uflebebis dacvis aucilebloba gaxdes<br />
simdidris axleburi gadanawilebis winapiroba?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
123
Cevebi xelmZRvanelebisaTvis<br />
am savarjiSos mizania ukeT gaacnos monawileebs msoflioSi simdidrisa<br />
da Zalauflebis uTanasworo gadanawileba, magram arsebobs safrTxe, rom<br />
SesaZloa, mxolod ganamtkicos arsebuli uTanasworoba. amdenad, yuradReba<br />
unda miaqcioT jgufis socialur da ekonomikur Semadgenlobas da amis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT warmarToT diskusia.<br />
ecadeT axalgazrdebi ise gaitacos TamaSma, rom realurad “imoqmedon”,<br />
TiTqos, monetebi marTlac mTeli maTi simdidre iyos. uTxariT, rom<br />
SeuZliaT daitovon monetebi da Sesvenebis dros am fuliT “iyidon”<br />
sasmeli an namcxvari.<br />
xazi gausviT, rom, Tu isini gascemen ramodenime monetas, iseve, rogorc<br />
realur cxovrebaSi, dakargaven simdidrisa da gavlenis nawils da zogierT<br />
privilegias, romelic simdidres moaqvs.<br />
Tu metismetad cxela imisaTvis, rom windebi ataron, gamoiyeneT sxva<br />
saSualeba, raTa aSkara gaxdes zogierTi moTamaSis meti simdidre da<br />
Zalaufleba sxvebTan SedarebiT. magaliTad, zogierTi monawiles SeiZleba<br />
neba darToT TamaSs SeurTdes dawyebidan 15-30 wamis Semdeg. SeiZleba<br />
moTamaSeebs SeukraT erTi xeli da daumagroT zurgze – Tu isini caciebi<br />
arian mouwevT marjvena xeliT TamaSi da piriqiT.<br />
analizisa da SefasebisaTvis gamoyenebuli kiTxvebi rTuli da<br />
kompleqsuria da mosalodnelia, rom gamoiwvios xangrZlivi diskusia. Tu<br />
dro cota gaqvT, an jgufi didia, SeiZleba daanawiloT SekiTxvebi mcire<br />
jgufebSi. jgufebi kombinirebuli unda iyos, anu Sedgebodes yvela<br />
qonebrivi statusis mqone moTamaSeebisgan. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom<br />
qvejgufebSi ganxilulma kiTxvebma gaiJReron plenarul sxdomazec.<br />
amgvarad, TiToeul monawiles miecema saSualeba moisminos da gaiazros<br />
yvela ganxiluli sakiTxi.<br />
SeniSvna: es savarjiSo adaptirebulia wignis “ekonomikuri da<br />
socialuri samarTlianoba adamianis uflebaTa Tvalsawieridan” masalebze<br />
dayrdnobiT (1999, minesotas universiteti, adamianis uflebaTa<br />
resurscentri)<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
SegiZliaT gaagrZeloT Temis ganxilva, an TxovoT monawileebs daweron<br />
angariSi. SeTavazeT savaraudo Temebi:<br />
� ra gavlenas axdens simdidre da Zalaufleba adamianis uflebebis<br />
pativiscemaze da adamianur Rirsebaze?<br />
� arseboben pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebic asocirdeba simdidresa da<br />
ZalauflebasTan?<br />
jgufma SeiZleba moisurvos siRaribis Temaze muSaobis gagrZeleba da<br />
ganixilos zogierTi misi Sedegi “siRaribis horoskopis” Sesrulebis<br />
saSualebiT. (gv. 280).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
124 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesani<br />
TariRi<br />
17 oqtomber<br />
siRaribesTan<br />
brZolis<br />
saerTaSoris
daukavSirdiT im organizaciebs, romlebic muSaoben Tqveni sazogadoebis<br />
araprivilegirebul, daucvel fenebTan, raTa gaerkveT maT moTxovnilebebSi.<br />
Semdeg gaagrZeleT proeqtis dagegmareba maTTvis daxmarebis gawevis mizniT.<br />
zogjer ubralod informaciis gavrceleba problematuri sakiTxis<br />
Sesaxeb, cvlilebisaken wingadadgmuli nabijia. amdenad, SeiZleba urCioT<br />
monawileebs, wamoWran simdidris gadanawilebis sakiTxi mSoblebTan da<br />
megobrebTan.<br />
gadadgi nabiji win<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
125
diskriminacia<br />
siRaribe<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
10 _ 30<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
„yvelaferi iwyeba sxva adamianis uflebebidan<br />
da Cemi usasrulo movaleobidan pativi vce maT“<br />
emanuel levina<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia, siRaribe, adamianis<br />
zogadi uflebebi<br />
done 2<br />
10 – 30<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Cven yvela Tanasworuflebianebi varT, magram zogi<br />
sxvaze metad Tanasworuflebiania. am savarjiSoSi<br />
monawileebi Tavis Tavze ganicdian, rogoria<br />
sazogadoebaSi sxvis adgilze yofna. gansaxilveli<br />
sakiTxebi:<br />
� socialuri uTanasworoba, romelic xSirad<br />
diskriminaciisa da socialuri gaucxoebis<br />
wyaroa<br />
� TanagrZnoba da misi sazRvrebi<br />
� gansxvavebuli adamianebis mimarT TanagrZnobis<br />
damkvidreba<br />
� yuradRebis gamaxvileba SesaZleblobebis<br />
uTanasworobaze sazogadebaSi<br />
� gagebis grZnobis gamowveva garkveuli<br />
socialuri umciresobebis an kulturuli<br />
jgufebis wevrobis mimarT.<br />
� baraTi-rolebi<br />
� Ria sivrce (koridori, didi oTaxi an ezo)<br />
� magnitofoni an musikaluri centri da wynari,<br />
damamSvidebeli musika.<br />
� waikiTxeT savarjiSo yuradRebiT. gadaxedeT<br />
“situaciebis da movlenebis” sias da miusadageT<br />
is jgufs, romelTanac Tqven muSaobT.<br />
� daamzadeT baraTi-rolebi, TiToeuli<br />
monawilisaTvis. gaakeTeT “situaciebis da<br />
movlenebis” adaptirebuli asli xeliT an<br />
aslis gadamRebi aparatiT. daWeriT is calke<br />
grafebad da gadakeceT amoWrili furceli ise<br />
rom teqsti ar Candes.<br />
126 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
dekemberi<br />
igrantebis<br />
oriso dRe<br />
1. SeqmeniT myudro garemo wynari musikis fonze, an TxoveT<br />
monawileebs daicvan siCume.<br />
2. daurigeT TiTo monawiles TiTo baraTi-roli da ganumarteT<br />
Seinaxon ise, rom aravin dainaxos maTi rolebi.<br />
3. TxoveT moTamaSeebs dasxdnen (sasurvelia iatakze) da waikiTxon<br />
TavianTi rolebi.<br />
4. TxoveT daiwyon rolSi Sesvla. daxmarebisTvis waikiTxeT qvemoT<br />
moyvanili SekiTxvebidan ramodenime, TiToeuli SekiTxvis Semdeg<br />
gaakeTeT pauza, raTa moTamaSeebs hqondeT dro dafiqrdnen da<br />
warmoidginon sakuTari Tavi da cxovreba mocemul rolSi.<br />
� rogori bavSvoba gqondaT? rogor saxlSi cxovrobdiT? ra<br />
TamaSebs TamaSobdiT? sad muSaobdnen Tqveni mSoblebi?<br />
� rogoria amJamad Tqveni yoveldRiuri cxovreba? rogoria<br />
Tqveni socialuri garemo? ras akeTebT diliT, SuadRes,<br />
saRamos?<br />
� ra saxis cxovrebas eweviT? sad cxovrobT? ra Semosavali<br />
gaqvT yovelTviurad? ras akeTebT Tavisufal dros? rogor<br />
atarebT ardadegebs?<br />
� ra gxiblavT da risi geSiniaT?<br />
5. axla TxoveT moTamaSeebs SeinarCunon absoluturi simSvide da<br />
rogorc sastarto xazze, ise ganlagdnen erTmaneTis gverdigverd.<br />
6. uTxariT monawileebs, rom apirebT situaciebisa da movlenebis siis<br />
xmamaRla wakiTxvas. TiToeul gamonaTqvamze yoveli dadebiTi<br />
pasuxis gacemis SemTxvevaSi maT unda gadadgan erTi nabiji win.<br />
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini gaunZrevlad rCebian adgilze.<br />
7. waikiTxeT situaciebi saTiTaod. gamonaTqvamebs Soris gaakeTeT<br />
pauzebi: mieciT moTamaSeebs dro nabijis win gadmosadgmelad da<br />
garSemo Tvalis mosavlebad, raTa Seadaron sakuTari da sxvebis<br />
poziciebi.<br />
8. sabolood, sTxoveT yvelas daimaxsovron Tavisi poziciebi. Semdeg<br />
mieciT oriode wuTi rolidan gamosvlisaTvis, vidre plenarul<br />
sxdomaze SeikribebodeT Sedegebis Sesajameblad.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos zogadi mimoxilviT da ecadeT gaarkvioT, rogoria<br />
monawileebis STabeWdilebebi da grZnobebi. Semdeg gadadiT wamoWrili<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilvaze da naswavlis Sejamebaze.<br />
1. rogori SegrZneba geuflebodaT moTamaSeebs erTi nabijiT win<br />
wawevis an adgilze gaCerebis dros?<br />
2. ra momentSi SeamCnies maT, vinc xSirad dgamda nabijs win, rom<br />
sxvebi ar mihyvebodnen maT temps?<br />
3. darCa vinmes iseTi STabeWdileba, rom iyo momentebi, rodesac maTi<br />
ZiriTadi uflebebis ugulvebelyofa xdeboda?<br />
4. SeuZliaT monawileebs gamoicnon erTmaneTis rolebi? (diskusiis am<br />
etapze neba darTeT moTamaSeebs gaamJRavnon TavianTi rolebi)<br />
5. ramdenad Zneli, an ioli iyo ama Tu im rolis Sesruleba? rogori<br />
warmoudgeniaT maT is adamiani, vis rolsac asrulebdnen?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
127
6. aris Tu ara savarjiSo garkveulwilad sazogadoebis sarke? ra<br />
saxiT?<br />
7. adamianis romeli uflebebi dadga kiTxvis niSnis qveS TiToeuli<br />
rolis Sesrulebis dros? SeuZlia vinmes Tqvas, rom misi uflebebi<br />
ar iyo daculi, an, rom maTTvis ar iyo es uflebebi<br />
xelmisawvdomi?<br />
8. ra SeiZleba iyos sazogadoebaSi uTanasworobis winaaRmdeg<br />
gadadgmuli pirveli nabijebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tu am savarjiSos Senobis gareT atarebT, darwmundiT, rom yvela<br />
monawiles esmis Tqveni xma, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu jgufi didia. SesaZloa<br />
TanaxelmZRvanelebis daxmarebac dagWirdeT Tqveni gancxadebebis yvela<br />
monawilemde misatanad.<br />
TamaSis dasawyisSi, warmosaxvis etapze, SesaZloa zogierTma moTamaSem<br />
ganacxados, rom Zalian cota ram icis im adamianis cxovrebis Sesaxeb, visi<br />
rolic unda Seasrulos. auxseniT, rom amas ara aqvs gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvneloba, maT SeuZliaT sakuTari fantaziis gamoyeneba da TamaSi<br />
SeZlebisdagvarad.<br />
TamaSis zemoqmedeba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom TvalnaTliv Cans<br />
monawileebis Soris manZilis zrda, gansakuTrebiT TamaSis bolos, rodesac<br />
distancia Zalian didia maT Soris, vinc xSirad gadadga nabiji win da vinc<br />
adgilze rCeboda. am efeqtis gasaZliereblad mniSvnelovania rolebis<br />
adaptireba ise, rom aisaxos monawileebis cxovrebis realiebi. amave dros,<br />
amis gakeTeba ise moaxerxeT, rom mxolod minimaluri raodenobis<br />
monawileebs hqondeT nabijis win gadadgmis saSualeba (anu “diax” pasuxis<br />
gacemis saSualeba). es wesi unda daicvaT maSinac, rodesac did jgufTan<br />
muSaobT da bevri rolebis gamogoneba gixdebaT.<br />
analizisa da Sefasebis dros mniSvnelovania imis garkveva, saidan<br />
icodnen monawileebma im personaJis Sesaxeb, romlis rolic Seasrules. es<br />
maTi piradi gamocdilebis Sedegi iyo, Tu informaciis sxva wyaroebis<br />
gavlena (axali ambebi, wignebi da anekdotebi)? darwmunebuli arian, rom is<br />
informacia, rac personaJebis Sesaxeb gaaCniaT saimedoa? am gziT Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT aCvenoT, rogor mkvidrdeba cnobierebaSi stereotipebi da<br />
prekoncefciebi.<br />
savarjiSo gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria sxvadasxva Taobis uflebebsa<br />
(samoqalaqo da politikuri, erTis mxriv, da socialuri, ekonomikuri da<br />
kulturuli – meores mxriv) da maT xelmisawvdomobas Soris paralelebis<br />
gavlebis TvalsazrisiT. siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciis<br />
problemebi ar aris mxolod uflebebis problema, Tumca es ukanaskneli<br />
mwvaved dgas, magaliTad, ltolvilebisa da TavSesafris maZieblebis winaSe.<br />
Zalian xSirad problema mdgomareobs am uflebebisadmi efeqturi midgomis<br />
ararsebobaSi.<br />
variantebi<br />
128 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli meti masala<br />
ideebis misaRebad da monawileebis codnis gasaRrmaveblad ufro<br />
efeqturi gzaa Tavdapirvelad mcire jgufebSi muSaoba da Semdeg yvela<br />
monawilis Sekreba plenarul sxdomaze azrTa gaziarebisaTvis. Tu am gzas<br />
airCevT, TanaxelmZRvanelebis daxmareba TiTqmis aucilebelia. scadeT am<br />
meTodis gamoyeneba mcire jgufebSi da daiwyeT analizis II nawiliT – anu<br />
roca rolebi gamJRavnebulia. TxoveT monawileebs dafiqrdnen, vis aqvs maT<br />
sazogadoebaSi ufro meti an naklebi Sansebi da SesaZleblobebi, da ra<br />
nabijebis gadadgmaa SesaZlebeli da aucilebeli uTanasworobis problemis<br />
gadasaWrelad? an TxoveT monawileebs ganixilon erTi personaJis magaliTi<br />
da gansazRvron risi gakeTeba SeiZleba misTvis, anu ra movaleobebi da<br />
pasuxismgeblobebi akisriaT am pirovnebis mimarT piradad maT, sazogadoebas<br />
da mTavrobas.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
im socialuri konteqstidan gamomdinare, romelSic Tqven muSaobT,<br />
SeiZleba moisurvoT zogierTi kulturuli da socialuri umciresobebis<br />
damcveli jgufebis warmomadgenlebis miwveva moTamaSeebTan sasaubrod.<br />
gaarkvieT, risTvis ibrZvian isini mocemul momentSi da rogor SegiZliaT<br />
Tqven da axalgazrdebs maTi daxmareba. aseTi Sexvedra kargi SesaZleblobaa<br />
zogierTi im stereotipisa da prekoncefciis gansaxilvelad, romlebic<br />
diskusiis dros wamoiWra.<br />
Tu jgufi moisurvebs meti informaciis miRebas ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
arsebuli uTanasworobis da am problemis winaaRmdeg miRebuli zomebis<br />
Sesaxeb, mimarTeT savarjiSos “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis?” (gv. 130).<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
isargebleT wina TavSi mocemuli ideebiT. moifiqreT, rogor SegiZliaT<br />
Tqven da Tqven jgufs, socialur da kulturul umciresobebTan momuSave<br />
jgufebisa da organizaciebis daexmareba da Tqveni ideebis cxovrebaSi<br />
gatareba.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
129
araTi-rolebi<br />
Tqven xarT umuSevari martoxela deda Tqven xarT partiis axalgazrduli<br />
organizaciis prezidenti (Tqveni partia<br />
amJamad xelisuflebis saTaveSia)<br />
Tqven xarT adgilobrivi bankis menejeris<br />
qaliSvili<br />
Tqven xarT arabi musulmani gogona romelic<br />
cxovrobs Tavis Rrmad religiur mSoblebTan<br />
Tqven xarT armiis jariskaci romelic ixdis<br />
savaldebulo samxedro samsaxurs<br />
Tqven xarT axalgazrda invalidi kaci<br />
romelsac mxolod invalidis etliT<br />
SeuZlia gadaadgileba<br />
Tqven xarT 17 wlis boSa gogona romelsac ar<br />
daumTavrebia dawyebiTi skola<br />
Tqven xarT Sidsis virusiT inficirebuli<br />
saSualo asakis meZavi<br />
Tqven xarT skolis umuSevari maswavlebeli da<br />
Tavisuflad ver flobT im qveynis axal<br />
saxelmwifo enas romelSic Tqven cxovrobT<br />
Tqven xarT Cineli imigrantis vaJi romelsac<br />
swrafi kvebis warmatebuli biznesi aqvs.<br />
Tqven xarT amerikeli elCis qaliSvili da<br />
cxovrobT im qveyanaSi sadac mamaTqvenia<br />
wargzavnili<br />
Tqven xarT warmatebuli import-eqsportis<br />
kompaniis mflobeli<br />
Tqven xarT fexsacmelebis qarxnis pensioneri<br />
muSa<br />
Tqven xarT axalgazrda narkomani mxatvris<br />
megobari gogona<br />
Tqven xarT 22 wlis lesboseli<br />
Tqven xarT afrikuli warmoSobis modeli<br />
Tqven xarT 24 wlis ltolvili avRaneTidan Tqven xarT 27 wlis usaxlkaro axalgazrda<br />
kaci<br />
Tqven xarT aralegaluri imigranti malidan Tqven xarT Soreuli mTiani soflis fermeris<br />
19 wlis vaJi<br />
situaciebi da movlenebi<br />
130 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
waikiTxeT Semdegi situaciebi xmamaRla. TiToeuli situaciis wakiTxvis Semdeg mieciT<br />
monawileebs dro gadadgan nabiji win da mimoixedon raTa daakvirdnen ramdenad Sors<br />
wavidnen sxvebTan SedarebiT.<br />
� Tqven arasodes damdgarxarT raime finansuri sirTuleebis winaSe.<br />
� Tqven normaluri sacxovrebeli gaqvT telefonis xaziT da televizoriT<br />
� Tqven xedavT rom Tqven mSobliur enas, religias da kulturas pativs cemen im<br />
sazogadoebaSi romelSic cxovrobT.<br />
� Tqven grZnobT rom Tqven azrs socialur da politikur sakiTxebze afaseben da Tqven gismenen<br />
� sxvebi azrs gekiTxebian sxvadasxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
� Tqven ar geSiniaT rom policia gagaCerebT<br />
� Tqven iciT vis mimarToT rCevisa da daxmarebisaTvis Tu dagWirdaT<br />
� Tqven arasodes gangicdiaT diskriminacia Tqveni warmomavlobis gamo<br />
� Tqven gaqvT adeqvaturi socialuri da samedicino dacva<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT dasasveneblad wasvla weliwadSi erTxel.<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT moipatiJoT megobrebi sadilze saxlSi<br />
� Tqven saintereso cxovreba gaqvT da karg momavals elodebiT<br />
� Tqven grZnobT rom SegiZliaT iswavloT da emsaxuroT Tqvens mier arCeul profesias.<br />
� Tqven ar geSiniaT quCaSi an mediis mxridan Tavdasxmis an Seuracyofis.<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT monawileoba miiRoT erovnul an adgilobriv arCevnebSi<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT izeimoT yvelaze mniSvnelovani religiuri dResaswaulebi Tqven naTesavebTan<br />
da axlo megobrebTan erTad.<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT monawileoba miiRoT saerTaSoriso seminarSi sazRvargareT<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT waxvideT kinoSi an TeatrSi sul mcire kviraSi erTxel.<br />
� Tqven ar gaSinebT Tqveni bavSvebis momavali<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT iyidoT axali tansacmeli sul mcire 3 TveSi erTxel.<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT SeiyvaroT Tqveni rCeuli<br />
� Tqven grZnobT rom Tqveni kompetencia dafasebulia da pativs cemen im sazogadoebaSi<br />
romelSic cxovrobT.<br />
� Tqven SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT da isargebloT internetiT.<br />
ganaTleba yvelasaTvis?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
131
ganaTleba<br />
globalizacia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
6 _ 30<br />
90 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
kargi mexsiereba gaqvs? aba SevamowmoT!<br />
ganaTleba, globalizacia, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 2<br />
6 - 30<br />
90 wuTi<br />
am savarjiSos monawileebi eZeben dawyvilebul<br />
baraTebs da ufiqrdebian saganmanaTleblo<br />
SesaZleblobebis uTanasworobas mTel msoflioSi<br />
da SesaZleblobas mivaRwioT “ganaTlebas<br />
yvelasaTvis”.<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba<br />
� pirovnebis srulad ganviTarebis ufleba<br />
� Tanasworobis ufleba sqesisa da socialuri<br />
statusis miuxedavad<br />
� ganaTlebis ganxilva adamianis uflebebis<br />
WrilSi<br />
� msoflioSi xarisxiani ganaTlebis miRebis<br />
SesaZleblobis kritikulad analizi<br />
� pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis stimulireba miznis<br />
- “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” misaRwevad.<br />
� baraTebis kompleqti 3-4 wevriani jgufisaTvis<br />
� TiToeuli 3-4 wevriani jgufisaTvis 2 magari<br />
furceli an Txeli muyao (A4 zomis) da webo<br />
(ar aris aucilebeli, magram sasurvelia)<br />
� makrateli<br />
� furclebi da kalmistrebi II nawilSi<br />
Canawerebis gasakeTeblad.<br />
� gaecaniT baraTebis Sinaarss<br />
� gaakeTeT saTamaSo baraTebis aslebi da<br />
gamZleobisTvis daawebeT isini magar furcelze.<br />
amoWeriT 40 baraTi. kargad aurieT, raTa<br />
Sewyvilebuli baraTebi erTad ar moxvdnen.<br />
savarjiSo gayofilia 2 nawilad: I nawili, TamaSi mexsierebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis da II nawili, sakiTxebis gaSuqeba.<br />
nawili I. TamaSi mexsierebis ganviTarebisaTvis (10 wuTi)<br />
1. ganmarteT rom sul 20 Sewyvilebuli baraTi arsebobs. TiToeuli<br />
wyvili Sedgeba dasuraTebuli baraTisa da gancxadeba-baraTisagan.<br />
savarjiSos amocanaa wyvilebis maqsimaluri raodenobis gamocnoba<br />
da maTi erTad dalageba. baraTebze mocemuli teqstebi exeba an<br />
msoflio ganaTlebis forumis amocanebs, romlebic iTvaliswineben<br />
132 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
miznis - “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” ganxorcielebas, an adamianis<br />
zogad uflebebsa da ganaTlebas.<br />
2. auxseniT monawileebs TamaSis wesebi. moTamaSeebma unda Seqmnan<br />
mcire, 3-4 wevriani jgufebi da daawyon baraTebi piriT iatakze.<br />
monawileebi morigeobiT atrialeben 2 baraTs. Tu erT-erTi (an<br />
orive) baraTi gancxadeba-baraTia, moTamaSe mTel jgufs xmamaRla<br />
ukiTxavs teqsts. Tu baraTebi Sewyvilebulia moTamaSe inaxavs maT<br />
da kidev erT svlas akeTebs. Tu baraTebi araa Sewyvilebuli, maSin<br />
moTamaSe atrialebs mas piriT dabla zustad im adgilze awyobs<br />
sadac manamde ido. momdevno svlas akeTebs Semdegi moTamaSe da<br />
atrialebs 2 baraTs. es savarjiSo mexsierebis TamaSia, radgana<br />
monawileebma unda daimaxsovron sad ra baraTi devs, raTa SeZlon<br />
wyvilebis amorCeva.<br />
3. mogebulia is moTamaSe, romelsac TamaSis bolos yvelaze meti<br />
dawyvilebuli baraTi aqvs.<br />
nawili II. sakiTxebis gaSuqeba (60 wuTi)<br />
1. CamowereT gansaxilveli sakiTxebis sia. TxoveT moTamaSeebs<br />
waikiTxon saTaurebi maTi gancxadeba-baraTidan (da ara mTliani<br />
gancxadeba) da dawereT isini dafaze.<br />
2. SeTavazeT jgufs gamoyos 4-dan 6-mde maTTvis yvelaze saintereso<br />
sakiTxi.<br />
3. dayaviT jgufi 4-5 wevrian qvejgufebad. TxoveT TiToeul qvejgufs<br />
airCios 2 sakiTxi, romelze msjelobac yvelaze metad surT.<br />
(ecadeT moawyoT ise rom 2-ma sxvadasxva jgufma isaubros erTsa da<br />
imave sakiTxze, raTa meti ideebi daibados. es niSnavs, rom<br />
qvejgufebs mouxdebaT moilaparakon, Tu romel sakiTxebze unda<br />
imsjelon).<br />
4. rodesac SeTanxmdebian da airCeven sakiTxebs, mieciT jgufs 20<br />
wuTi, maT mier arCeuli ori sakiTxis gansaxilvelad. baraTis<br />
Sinaarsidan gamomdinare diskusiis mimarTuleba mcired<br />
gansxvavebuli iqneba. Tu baraTze mocemulia SekiTxva, mas pasuxi<br />
unda gaeces. Tu masze gancxadebaa, monawileebma unda moamzadon<br />
kritikuli komentari.<br />
5. 20 wuTis Semdeg moiwvieT monawileebi plenarul sxdomaze<br />
moxsenebis gasakeTeblad. ganixileT TiToeuli sakiTxi rigrigobiT.<br />
mieciT jgufs sul 5 wuTi komentarebisaTvis da gamoyaviT ara<br />
umetes 5 wuTisa SekiTxvebisaTvis.<br />
6. mas Semdeg, rac yvela jgufi gaakeTebs moxsenebas, gadadiT analizze<br />
da Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Tqven ukve ukan moitoveT sakmaod nayofieri diskusia mocemuli<br />
sakiTxebis garSemo, ase rom axla SeudeqiT Tavad TamaSis Sefasebas da<br />
gaarkvieT ra iswavles monawileebma.<br />
� moewonaT moTamaSeebs mexsierebis TamaSi?<br />
� kargi Sesavali iyo ganaTlebis sakiTxebze msjelobis dasawyebad?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
133
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
8 ianvari<br />
ganaTlebis msoflio<br />
dRe<br />
� rogor warimarTa diskusiebi jgufSi? yvelam igrZno, rom maT<br />
hqondaT monawileobis miRebis saSualeba?<br />
� Zalian bevri problema dagrovda? aris “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis”<br />
SesaZlebeli?<br />
� ra SegiZliaT gaakeToT Tqven, Tqvenma jgufma, sazogadoebam<br />
“ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” miznis misaRwevad Tqven qveyanaSi da/an<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am meTodis gamoyenebis daniSnulebaa Semoitanos sixalisis elementi<br />
diskusiisaTvis saWiro informaciis mopovebis procesSi.<br />
es sakmaod martivi savarjiSoa saxelmZRvanelod. ubralod waikiTxeT<br />
yvela baraTi savarjiSos dawyebamde. gadaamowmeT, rom kargad iciT romeli<br />
baraTi romelTan wyvildeba, raTa TamaSis dros SegeZloT mimarTulebis<br />
micema da dadastureba, rom wyvilebi sworadaa SerCeuli. TamaSis wesebis<br />
ganmartebis dros, SegiZliaT instruqciebis ilustrireba erT-erTi wyvili<br />
baraTis CvenebiT.<br />
zogierTi baraTi Seicavs abreviaturebs mag. WEF (msoflio ganaTlebis<br />
forumi). monawileebisaTvis TamaSis gacnobis dros aucileblad axseniT<br />
ras niSnavs es asoebi (qvemoT ix. “damatebiTi informacia”)<br />
monawileebis yuradReba miaqcieT im faqts, rom baraTebis 1/3 Seicavs<br />
“ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” miznebTan dakavSirebul gancxadebebs romelic<br />
gaakeTa msoflio ganaTlebis forumma 2000 w. aprilSi dakarSi, senegali.<br />
danarCeni baraTebi exeba adamianis uflebebis da ganaTlebis sakiTxebs an<br />
amocanebs, romelTa gadawyvetac aucilebelia raTa miRweul iqnas<br />
xarisxiani ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa yvelasaTvis.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu II nawilis Sesasruleblad sakmarisi dro aRar dagrCaT, SegiZliaT<br />
gamoiyenoT savarjiSoSi - “erTi wuTiT” (gv. 180) SemoTavazebuli meTodi.<br />
TxoveT monawileebs airCion erT-erTi sakiTxi TavianTi baraTidan da<br />
isaubron mis Sesaxeb 1 wuTis ganmavlobaSi dayovnebis an gameorebis gareSe.<br />
es kargi arCevania, Tu xedavT, rom jgufs esaWiroeba zepiri metyvelebis<br />
da prezentaciis unar-Cvevebis gaumjobeseba.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
zogierTi sakiTxi, romelic wamoiWreba mexsierebis TamaSSi, SeiZleba<br />
gagrZeldes sxva savarjiSoebSi. magaliTad Tu gainteresebT ganaTlebis da<br />
sxva socialuri moTxovnebis dafinansebis sakiTxebi da misi Sedareba<br />
SeiaraRebaze gamoyofil saxsrebTan, SegiZliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo<br />
“saxarjo fuli” (gv. 274), bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebis da<br />
ganaTlebis miuwvdomlobis sakiTxebi SegiZliaT ganixiloT “aSikis<br />
istoriis” (gv. 100) magaliTze.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
baraTebi naTels fens uamrav problemas, romelic xels uSlis<br />
proeqtis - “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” ganxorcielebas. jgufma Semdgomi<br />
134 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
kvlevisaTvis unda airCios erT-erTi am problemaTagan, raTa ipovos<br />
problemis gadaWris gzebi da sabolood imoqmedos maT Sesabamisad. am<br />
sakiTxebSi rCevebis misaRebad mimarTeT me-3 Tavs - “moqmedebaze gadasvla”.<br />
ratoma ar unda miweroT werili parlamentarebs da kiTxoT maT, ras<br />
akeTebs Tqveni qveyana im miznebis misaRwevad, romlebic daisva ganaTlebis<br />
msoflio forumze?<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba erTerTi aRiarebuli socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebaa. magram, rodesac<br />
saxelmwifoebi erTis mxriv aRiareben da mzadyofnas acxadeben yvelasaTvis ufaso dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofaze, meores mxriv realoba aCvenebs, rom ufaso ganaTleba aris ara<br />
yvelasaTvis, aramed rCeba mxolod umciresobis privilegiad.<br />
am problemis gasadaWrelad 2000 wels saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba Seikriba senegalSi<br />
ganaTlebis msoflio forumze. konferenciis mizani iyo 1990-ian wlebSi miRweuli progresis<br />
ganxilva dawyebiTi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT da axali Zalebis mokreba<br />
“ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” misaRwevad. 164 qveynis daaxloebiT 1100-ma warmomadgenelma miiRo<br />
dakaris CarCo-moqmedebis gegma, romelic iTvaliswinebda 2015 wlisaTvis xarisxiani dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofas yvelasaTvis. iuneskos daekisra mTeli pasuxismgebloba msoflios<br />
yvela saerTaSoriso monawilis koordinirebasa da globaluri moZraobis myar ganviTarebaze.<br />
aRiarebuli iqna, rom sxvadasxva qveynebi sxvadasxva problemebis winaSe dganan. magaliTad, zogierT<br />
qeyanas ara aqvs sakmarisi resursebi, zogs ki ar gaaCnia politikuri neba. konferenciis erTerTi<br />
Sedegi iyo imis aRiareba, rom “ganaTleba yvelasaTvis” miznis misaRwevad da<br />
SesanarCuneblad saWiroa qveynebs Soris farTo partnioruli urTierTobebis damyareba,<br />
romelsac zurgs gaumagrebs regionalur da saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa da institutebs<br />
Soris TanamSromloba.<br />
am Sexvedris dros xazi gaesva 21 saukuneSi ganaTlebis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas myari<br />
ganviTarebis, mSvidobis, sazogadoebis efeqturi saqmianobis da Zlieri ekonomikis SeqmnisaTvis.<br />
ganaTlebis msoflio forumis Sedegi, romelic gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia, iyo specifiuri<br />
miznebis dasaxva garkveuli vadebis farglebSi da im moqmedebebis aRwera, romelic yvela<br />
doneze unda ganxorcieldes, raTa miRweul iqnas mizani - ganaTleba yvelasaTvis. iqneba Tu<br />
ara es miznebi miRweuli, xolo moqmedebebi cxovrebaSi gatarebuli, damokidebulia, Tu<br />
ramdenad eqneba yvela pirovnebas sazogadoebis yvela doneze Segnebuli “ganaTleba<br />
yvelasaTvis” mniSvneloba da ibrZoleben Tu ara isini mis misaRwevad.<br />
informaciis wyaro: „iunesko: ganaTleba yvelasaTvis. ganaTlebis msoflio forumis daskvniTi moxseneba, 2000 w.“<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
135
fuli da ganaTleba<br />
resursebis nakleboba mTavari safrTxea<br />
“ganaTleba yvelasaTvis”. finasuri<br />
saSuale-bebis gareSe mTavrobebi ver<br />
Seasruleben TavianT danapirebs “ganaTleba<br />
yvelasaTvis” proeqtTan dakavSirebiT. es<br />
aseve aris standartebis sakiTxic.<br />
maswavleblebis dabali anazRaureba da<br />
saswavlo masalebis simcire aseve xels<br />
uSlis ganaTlebis xarisxs. resursebis<br />
gareSe ganaTlebas azri ara aqvs. ar aris<br />
fuli, e.i. ar aris ganaTlebac! eTanxmebiT<br />
am azrs?<br />
kveba da ganaTleba<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi mtkiced sjeraT<br />
rom sakvebi da ganaTleba<br />
urTierTdakavSire-bulia: mSier students<br />
ar SeuZlia adeqvaturad koncentrireba.<br />
mSoblebi xSirad iyeneben sakvebs rogorc<br />
stimuls bavSvebis skolaSi gasagzavnad.<br />
bavSvebs rom ar kvebavdnen skolaSi maSin<br />
maT skolis nacvlad samuSaod gauSvebdnen.<br />
ganaTleba da alkoholi<br />
bevr skolaSi/universitetSi alkoholis<br />
moxmareba did problemas warmoadgens. is<br />
xels uSlis studentebs swavlaSi da<br />
zrdis Zaladobis SemTxvevebs.<br />
skolebis umravlesobaSi akrZalulia<br />
alkoholis Setana skolebis teritoriaze<br />
magram rogorc Cans es araa efeqturi.<br />
rogor fiqrobT ra unda gakeTdes am<br />
problemis gadasaWrelad?<br />
maswavleblebi da ganaTleba<br />
maswavleblebis /leqtorebis done zogjer<br />
problemas warmoadgens. maT SeiZleba ar<br />
hqondeT sakmarisi gamocdileba an wvrTna<br />
raTa iyvnen umaRlesi kategoriis<br />
pedagogebi. arsebobs mowodeba rom<br />
dawesdes minimaluri moTxovnebi<br />
maswavleblebisaTvis/leqtorebisaTvis<br />
rogoricaa maswavleblis diplomi<br />
skolis maswavlebleblebisaTvis da<br />
doqtoris xarisxi universitetis<br />
leqtorebisaTvis. aris es moTxovnebi<br />
realisturi Tu isini mxolod gazrdian<br />
maswavleblebis deficitis problemas?<br />
ufaso ganaTleba<br />
mTavrobebs evalebaT uzrunvelyon ufaso<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTleba yvelasaTvis. magram<br />
realoba sxvagvaria: bevr qveynebSi Tu<br />
ojaxs ara aqvs saSualeba gadaixados<br />
swavlis safasuri an /da SeiZinos<br />
saswavlo masalebi bavSvebs skolaSi ver<br />
gauSveben.<br />
globalizacia da ganaTleba<br />
vinc fiqrobs rom globalizacias mxolod<br />
progresi moaqvs ganaTlebisaTvis axali<br />
teqnologiebis Semotanis saSualebiT,<br />
cdeba! vaWrobis liberalizaciis swrafi<br />
tempis Sedegebma da globalizaciisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebelma struqturuli mowyobis<br />
saWiroebam safrTxe Seuqmna ramodenime<br />
qveynis, upiratesad ki ganviTarebadi<br />
qveynebis biujetis saSemosavlo nawils.<br />
aseT pirobebSi ZiriTadi dartyma<br />
ganaTlebis dafinansebaze modis.<br />
ganaTleba da interneti<br />
bevr qveynebSi sainformacio teqnologiebi<br />
gadaiqca ganaTlebis procesis centralur<br />
nawilad. mas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
samecniero da saSinao samuSaoebisaTvis.<br />
bevri eTanxmeba im azrs rom internetma<br />
axali gzebi gaxsna ganaTlebisaTvis<br />
magram man aseve gadaketa zogierTi gza.<br />
ufskruli ganviTarebad da ganviTarebul<br />
qveynebs Soris kidev ufro gaizarda. bevr<br />
qveynebSi araTu kompiuteri,<br />
eleqtroenergiac ki ara aqvT.<br />
sauniversiteto (umaRlesi da diplomis<br />
Semdgomi ganaTleba)<br />
adamianis uflebebis kanonis mixedviT<br />
saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian<br />
uzrunvelyon mxolod ufaso dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTleba. maTi valdebuleba ar<br />
vrceldeba umaRles an diplomis Semdgom<br />
ganaTlebaze.<br />
unda gavrceldes Tu ara saxelmwifos<br />
valdebuleba sauniversiteto doneze? Tu<br />
ki, aris Tu ara es moTxovna realisturi?<br />
ganaTleba da ekologia<br />
evropuli qveynebis mosaxleobis<br />
umravlesobis cxovrebis stili<br />
aramdgradia. imisaTvis rom xalxma<br />
gaakeTos gaazrebuli arCevani Tavis<br />
cxovrebis stilis Secvlis Sesaxeb maT<br />
unda gaiTvaliswinon ekologiuri<br />
urTierTkavSirebi, ekonomika, politika da<br />
istoria. maT esaWiroebaT<br />
kulturaTaSorisi unarCvevebi da<br />
pasuxismgeblobisa da zrunvis<br />
faseulobebi. rogor CarTavdiT mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebis sakiTxebs ganaTlebis<br />
programaSi?<br />
disciplina da ganaTleba<br />
skolebi da universitetebi sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebSi sxvadasxva saSualebebs iyeneben<br />
disciplinis dasamyareblad. es meTodebi<br />
moicavs fizikur dasjas, mecadineobidan<br />
gagdebas, damatebiT samuSaos, garicxvas<br />
da monawileobas skolis an kolejis<br />
sabWoSi. Tqveni azriT ra aris saukeTeso<br />
midgoma saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi<br />
disciplinis dasmyareblad?<br />
136 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
qalebi da ganaTleba<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebSi skolebSi dadian<br />
gogonebis 78% maSin rodesac es<br />
maCvenebeli biWebis SemTxvevaSi 86%.<br />
skolis gareT darCenili bavSvebis<br />
daaxloebiT 60 % gogonebi arian.<br />
msoflio ganaTlebis forumis erTerTi<br />
mizani aris genderuli disbalansis<br />
aRmofxvra pirveladi da meoradi<br />
ganaTlebis sistemaSi 2005 wlisaTvis da<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi genderuli<br />
Tanasworobis miRweva 2015 wlisaTvis.<br />
ganaTleba da Tanasworuflebianoba<br />
skolamdeli ganaTlebis zRvrebi meryeobs<br />
TiTqmis 100%-dan (bermudaSi, malaiziaSi,<br />
belgiaSi da SveciaSi) 2 an nakleb<br />
procentamde (saomari moqmedebebis da<br />
ekonomikuri problemebis mqone qveynebSi).<br />
msoflio ganaTlebis forumis erTerTi<br />
mizani aris yvela axalgazrdisa da<br />
zrdasruli moqalaqis ganaTlebis<br />
moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba saTanado<br />
saswavlo da cxovrebiseuli unarCvevebis<br />
programebSi CarTvis Tanaswori<br />
SesaZleblobebis micemis saSualebiT.<br />
ganaTleba da SeiaraReba<br />
miuxedavad imisa rom ganaTleba da<br />
SeiaraReba ganixileba rogorc 2<br />
sxvadasxva sfero, realurad isini mWidro<br />
kavSirSi arian. bevr maRali donis<br />
SeiaraRebis qveyanaSi biujetis didi<br />
nawili gamoyofilia SeiaraRebis xarjebze<br />
da sakmarisi finansebi aRar rCeba<br />
socialuri seqtorisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki ganaTlebisaTvis.<br />
ganaTleba da umciresobebi<br />
umciresobebis Caricxva skolebSi<br />
universitetebSi saerTo problemaa<br />
mravalkulturuli sazogadoebebisaTvis.<br />
amasTanave pirovnebis diskriminaciis<br />
SemTxvevebi, religiuri da enobrivi<br />
gansxvavebebi bevr problemas uCens<br />
ganaTlebis sistemas. rogor moaxdendiT<br />
sistemisa da saswavlo programis<br />
adaptacias ise, rom man daakmayofilos<br />
umciresobebis uflebebi?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTleba<br />
formalur, araformalur da<br />
araformalizebul seqtorebSi mTavrobis<br />
movaleobad iTvleba. maSin ratom unda<br />
aiRon samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebma is<br />
pasuxismgeblobebi rac wesiT mTavrobas<br />
ekisreba?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
mSvidoba da ganaTleba<br />
“mSvidoba iwyeba saxlSi”<br />
saganmanaTleblo institutebi xSirad<br />
studentebis meore saxlad aris miCneuli.<br />
Tu es asea, maSin mSvidobis Sesaxeb<br />
ganaTleba unda iyos formaluri<br />
ganaTlebis programis nawili da mas aseve<br />
yuradReba unda mieqces araformalizebul<br />
seqtorSi. rogor CarTavdiT ganaTlebas<br />
mSvidobis Sesaxeb formalur saswavlo<br />
programaSi?<br />
sporti da ganaTleba<br />
a) sporti ar unda iyos savaldebulo<br />
mTeli skolis periodSi. Tu dro<br />
ar rCeba sxva sagnebisaTvis maT<br />
unda mieniWoT upiratesoba<br />
sportTan SedarebiT.<br />
b) sporti mudmivad unda iyos<br />
warmodgnili mTeli skolis<br />
periodSi. is aswavlis bevr iseT<br />
raRacas, rac sxva sagnebs ar<br />
SeuZliaT, rogoricaa<br />
TanamSromloba. sulisa da sxeulis<br />
harmoniuli ganviTareba.<br />
Tqven romel gancxadebas eTanxmebiT?<br />
socialuri gaucxoeba da ganaTleba<br />
yvela ver iqneba CarTuli saxelmwifo<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi. quCis bavSvebi,<br />
Raribi bavSvebi, srul ganakveTze momuSave<br />
bavSvebi Cveulebriv ar arian<br />
uzrunvelyofili saxelmwifo saskolo<br />
sistemis mier. rumineTSi fondi “ukan,<br />
skolisaken” zrunavs saxlelmwifo<br />
sistemis gareT darCenil bavSvebze –<br />
aZlevs maT ganaTlebis Sanss da ukeTesi<br />
samuSaos Sovnis SesaZleblobas cxovrebis<br />
mogvianebiT etapebze.<br />
uwyveti ganaTleba<br />
mozrdilebis ganaTleba didi problemas<br />
warmoadgens im qveynebSi sadac dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTlebac ki ar aris. msoflio<br />
ganaTlebis forumis erTerTi mizani aris<br />
2015 wlisaTvis mozrdilTa ganaTlebis<br />
donis gaumjobeseba 50%-iT.<br />
bevri evropuli qveyanas aqvs aRebuli<br />
valdebulebebi “uwyveti ganaTlebis”<br />
mimarTulebiT. miuxedavad amisa isini ver<br />
axerxeben adeqvaturi ganaTlebis<br />
miwodebas mozrdilebisaTvis. rogor<br />
fiqrobT ra unda iyos mTavrobis<br />
saganmanaTleblo programis prioritetebi?<br />
Sidsi/HIV infeqcia<br />
“ pirveli mosagebi brZola Sidsis<br />
winaaRmdeg omSi aris siCumis kedlis<br />
dangreva da misi garemomcveli<br />
stigmis/laqis mocileba ”. (kofi anani).<br />
saWiroa dairRves siCume<br />
diskriminaciisaTvis bolos mosaRebad da<br />
misi Semdgomi garcelebis SesaCereblad.<br />
Sidsi/ HIV krizisi unda moTavsdes<br />
erovnuli saganmanaTleblo dRis wesrigis<br />
centrSi. ra SeiZleba gakeTdes Sidsi/ HIV<br />
infeqciasTan sabrZovelad<br />
saganmanaTleblo institutebSi?<br />
137
socialuri uflebebi<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
diskriminacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
4 da meti<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
gansxvavebuli xelfasebi<br />
Tanabari anazRaureba erTgvari samuSaosTvis!<br />
socialuri uflebebi, genderuli Tanasworoba,<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia<br />
done 2<br />
4 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es aris simulirebuli situacia, romelic<br />
monawileebs ayenebs Sromis bazris realobis winaSe<br />
da exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� gansxvavebuli xelfasebi erTidaigive samuSaos<br />
SesrulebisTvis<br />
� samsaxureobrivi diskriminacia<br />
� axalgazrda TanamSromlebisaTvis dabali<br />
anazRaurebis politika<br />
� samarTliani anazRaurebis ufleba<br />
� erTgvari samuSaosaTvis Tanabari anazRaurebis<br />
ufleba<br />
� ufleba, rom pirovneba ar iyos<br />
diskriminirebuli sqesisa da asakis safuZvelze<br />
� monawileebisaTvis Sromis bazris realiebis<br />
gacnoba.<br />
� gaanalizeba, aris Tu ara daSvebuli<br />
diskriminacia sqesisa da asakis safuZvelze<br />
� solidarobis, Tanasworuflebianobisa da<br />
samarTlianobis damkvidreba<br />
� “muSebis xelfasebis tarifebis” erTi asli<br />
� TiTo samkerde yoveli monawilisTvis.<br />
� kalmistrebi<br />
� fuli. SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT evros nimuSebi<br />
� moamzadeT samkerdeebi, romelzec miTiTebuli<br />
unda iyos muSebis sqesi da asaki. daeyrdeniT<br />
muSebis xelfasebis tarifebis sias<br />
� moifiqreT, ra saxis samuSao unda Seasrulon<br />
monawileebma. SeagroveT yvelanairi<br />
instrumentebi, romlebic SeiZleba moTamaSeebs<br />
dasWirdeT.<br />
138 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
instruqciebi<br />
1. auxseniT monawileebs, rom isini arian muSebi da mouwevT<br />
garkveuli samuSaos Sesruleba maTi damqiraveblisaTvis (TqvenTvis!)<br />
sanerviulo araferia, maTi Sroma anazRaurebuli iqneba.<br />
2. daurigeT TiToeul monawiles TiTo samkerde.<br />
3. ganmarteT amocanis arsi da gadaamowmeT, gaigo Tu ara yvelam ra<br />
unda gaakeTos.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs daiwyon muSaoba!<br />
5. amocanis Sesrulebis Semdeg, sTxoveT monawileebs Cadgnen rigSi<br />
anazRaurebis misaRebad. gadauxadeT TiToeuls maTi asakisa da<br />
sqesis Sesabamisad muSebis xelfasebis tarifebis siis mixedviT.<br />
fuli gadaTvaleT xmamaRla, raTa yvelam gaigonos vis ramdeni<br />
gadauxades.<br />
6. Tu monawileebi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamen, an SekiTxvebs dasvamen,<br />
moiyvaneT mokle “mizezebi”, magram erideT diskusiaSi Cabmas.<br />
7. daeyrdeniT sakuTari msjelobis unars imis gadasawyvetad, Tu ra<br />
zRvramde SegiZliaT mixvideT, magram, rogorc ki igrZnobT, rom<br />
situacia iZabeba, maSinve SeCerdiT. yvelas mieciT dro damSvidebisa<br />
da rolidan gamosvlisaTvis. Semdeg dasxediT wreSi analizis<br />
gasakeTeblad.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
diskusia dayaviT etapebad. daiwyeT Tavad modelirebuli situaciis<br />
mimoxilviT:<br />
� rogori SegrZneba gqondaT, rodesac ufro meti (an naklebi)<br />
anazRaureba miiReT, vidre sxva muSebma, maSinac ki, rodesac yvela<br />
erTidaimave samuSaos asrulebda?<br />
� ratom miiRo zogma muSam ufro meti (an naklebi) anazRaureba<br />
sxvebTan SedarebiT? ratom moxda ase?<br />
� rogori grZnoba gqondaT, rodesac ufro meti anazRaureba miiReT<br />
vidre sxva muSebma? da rodesac ufro naklebi anazRaureba miiReT<br />
vidre sxva muSebma?<br />
� aqvs aseTi saxis diskriminacias adgili Tqveni qveynis samuSao<br />
bazarze?<br />
Semdegi saubari Seexeba anazRaurebas sqesis mixedviT:<br />
� SeiZleba qalisa da mamakicis mier erTnairi samuSaos<br />
SesrulebisTvis, sxvadasxva anazRaureba gamarTlebuli iyos?<br />
ratom? ratom ara? rodis?<br />
� Tu mamakaci ukeT asrulebs samuSaos vidre qali? aris es sakmarisi<br />
mizezi imisaTvis, rom qals naklebi gadauxadon?<br />
� Tu mamakaci ufro kvalificiuria vidre qali, niSnavs Tu ara es,<br />
rom mamakacs meti unda gadauxadon?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom arsebobs samuSao, romelic mxolod mamakacma unda<br />
Seasrulos? ratom? ratom ara? Tu ki, romelia es samuSao?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom arsebobs samuSao, romelic mxolod qalma unda<br />
Seasrulos? ratom? ratom ara? Tu ki, romelia es samuSao?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
139
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
1 maisi<br />
mSromelTa<br />
saerTaSoriso<br />
solidarobis dRe<br />
� fiqrobT, rom pozitiuri diskriminacia SeiZleba gamarTlebuli<br />
iyos socialuri damokidebulebebis Sesacvlelad?<br />
bolos, gadadiT anazRaurebaze asakis mixedviT:<br />
� arsebobs Tu ara Tqven qveyanaSi sxvadasxva anazRaurebis politika<br />
sxvadasxva asakis mixedviT? Tu ara, fiqrobT, rom unda iyos?<br />
� ra aris aseTi saxis politikis gatarebis logikuri safuZveli,<br />
gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebis SemTxvevaSi?<br />
� rogoria Tqveni azri aseTi politikis mimarT? sworia? ar aris<br />
swori? saWiroa? ar aris saWiro? ganmarteT mizezebi.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
didi Sansia, rom Tqven mogixdebaT am savarjiSos adaptireba. Tu gsurT,<br />
rom daamatoT, an amoSaloT siidan zogierTi muSa, gadaamowmeT, rom amiT<br />
ar arRvevT sqesisa da asakobrivi kategoriebis balanss. Tu jgufi didia,<br />
an gindaT diskusiaSi CaRrmaveba diskriminaciis ori sxvadasxva tipis<br />
garSemo, kargi iqneboda jgufis or qvejgufad gayofa. amis Semdeg, erT<br />
jgufs SeiZleba daevalos sqesis safuZvelze arsebuli diskriminaciis,<br />
xolo meores - asakobriv safuZvelze arsebuli diskriminaciis Sesaxeb<br />
msjeloba.<br />
ra saxis amocanebia Sesaferisi am savarjiSosaTvis? yvela muSas unda<br />
daevalos erTnairi samuSaos Sesruleba. amasTanave, airCieT iseTi saqme,<br />
romelsac ramodenime adamiani gaakeTebs erTsa da imave dros, raTa<br />
sxvebisTvis mosawyeni ar gaxdes “muSebis” cqera. ifiqreT Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
� Tu savarjiSos Catareba gindaT Senobis gareT, gaZlevT sezoni amis<br />
saSualebas?<br />
� gaqvT sakmarisi sivrce?<br />
� SeZleben sxvadasxva asakis da sqesis monawileebi Tanabrad daZlion<br />
mocemuli samuSao?<br />
� aris is usafrTxo?<br />
� xom ar igrZnoben monawileebi Tavs uxerxulad, an xom ar ityvian<br />
uars savarjiSos Sesrulebaze eTikuri mosazrebebis gamo?<br />
� ra dro dasWirdeba savarjiSos?<br />
� esaWiroeba mas bevri unar-Cvevebis qona?<br />
� rogor SeiZleba gaimeoroT savarjiSo Tavidan ramdenjerme?<br />
samuSaos nimuSebi:<br />
� dafis gawmenda da masze mocemuli frazis akuratulad dawera.<br />
� wignebis Tarodan gadmolageba da yuTSi Cawyoba. yuTis gadatana<br />
oTaxis meore mxares, wignebis amolageba da sxva Taroze dalageba.<br />
� qaRaldis TviTmfrinavis an qudis gakeTeba.<br />
� sami sxvadasxva saxeobis foTlis Segroveba da maTi dawebeba<br />
furcelze<br />
� sityvis ganmartebis moZebna da misi Cawera. (Tu airCevT adamianis<br />
uflebebTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva sityvebs, TamaSis bolos Tqven<br />
xelT SegrCebaT mokle terminologiuri leqsikoni!)<br />
anazRaurebis gacemis dros, rodesac gansxvavebuli xelfasebis gamo<br />
mogixdebaT ganmartebebis gakeTeba, Tqven mogiwevT “mizezebis” mofiqreba.<br />
isini SeiZleba daukavSiroT realur faqtebs an ubralod moifiqroT<br />
sasacilo pasuxebi. magaliTad:<br />
140 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� vinc fexi wamokra Rebulobs naklebs<br />
� vinc iRimeboda da bednieri Canda Rebulobs mets<br />
� dRes samSabaTia!<br />
qvemoT moyvanili da mexuTe TavSi mowodebuli damatebiTi informacia<br />
mogcemT ufro meti improvizaciis saSualebas diskusiis dros.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu grZnobT, rom am savarjiSos Sesruleba situaciis modelirebis<br />
formiT miuRebelia SegiZliaT moaxdinoT informaciis adaptireba ise, rom<br />
gamoiyenoT mxolod diskusiisaTvis. SegiZliaT gaakeToT “anketa” TiToeuli<br />
muSis Sesaxeb samuSaos, asakis, sqesisa da anazRaurebis miTiTebiT. aseve<br />
SegiZliaT daamatoT sxva detalebic, rogoricaa _ ganaTleba da samuSao<br />
gamocdileba. SegiZliaT warmoadginoT sxvadasxva muSis ramodenime<br />
konkretuli SemTxvevis detaluri ganxilva. Tumca, unda gaxsovdeT, rom<br />
mxolod diskusia ver gamoiwvevs iseT Zlier emociur reaqcias, rogorsac<br />
moaxdens situaciis modelirebis.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu jgufs moewona rolebis Sesruleba da moisurvebs profkavSirebis<br />
rolis ganxilvas muSaTa uflebebis dacvaSi samarTliani anazRaurebisa da<br />
pirobebis moTxovniT, SegiZliaT SesTavazoT maT savarjiSo “profkavSirebis<br />
Sexvedrebi~ (gv. 241).<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
araTanabari anazRaurebis sakiTxi gansxvavebulad dgas sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebSi; gansxvavebebi SeiniSneba imisda mixedviT, exeba es asakobriv Tu<br />
sqesobriv diskriminacias. genderuli diskriminacia sxva araferia, Tu ara<br />
qalebis diskriminaciis faqti. qalebi istoriulad ganicdidnen Cagvras<br />
socialur, politikur da ekonomikur sferoebSi. qalebis mimarT<br />
samsaxurebrivi diskriminaciis magaliTebs ekuTvnis diskriminacia vakantur<br />
adgilebze kandidaturis SerCevisa da intervius dros, diskriminacia<br />
dawinaurebis dros da aseve faqti, rom maTi saSualo xelfasi ufro<br />
dabalia, vidre mamakacebis. erTnairi samuSaos SesrulebisTvis qalebisTvis<br />
ufro naklebis gadaxda, vidre mamakacebisTvis, warmoadgens samarTliani<br />
anazRaurebis uflebis darRvevas.<br />
aseve axalgazrdebmac, rogorc muSaxelma, unda miiRon samarTliani<br />
anazRaureba. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi situacia rTulia da gansxvavebulia<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebSi. umuSevrobis raodenoba axalgazrdebSi ufro maRalia,<br />
vidre ufros TaobebSi.<br />
Tumca, Tanabar anazRaurebaze Tanabari samuSaos principi, zogadad<br />
daculia. axalgazrdebisaTvis gadaxda, xSirad, specifiuria da bevri<br />
qveynebis politika dasaSvebad miiCnevs maTTvis ufrosebze naklebi<br />
anazRaurebis gadaxdas erTnairi samuSaos Sesrulebisas. es politika<br />
gamarTlebulia ori mizezis gamo. erTis mxriv, misi mizania SeaCeros<br />
axalgazrdebis gasvla samuSao bazarze da gauRviZos maT interesi<br />
swavlisa da kargi ganaTlebisadmi. meores mxriv, damqiravebeli<br />
daintresebuli unda iyos, rom samuSaod aiyvanos axalgazrdebi Sesabamisi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
samarTliani<br />
anazRaurebis<br />
ufleba<br />
saerTaSoriso<br />
paqti<br />
ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri da<br />
kulturuli<br />
uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb,<br />
muxli 7.<br />
am paqtis monawile<br />
saxelmwifoebi aRiareben<br />
TiTeuli adamianis uflebas,<br />
hqondes Sromis samarTliani<br />
da xelsayreli pirobebi,<br />
rac, kerZod, gulisxmobs:<br />
a). anazRaurebas, romelic<br />
mSromels uzrunvelyofs<br />
sul mcire:<br />
1). samarTliani xelfasiTa<br />
da tolfasovani<br />
SromisaTvis Tanabari<br />
anazRaurebiT raime niSniT<br />
gansxvavebis gareSe, kerZod,<br />
qalebisaTvis qmnis Sromis<br />
iseTi pirobebis garantias,<br />
romelic mamakacis Sromis<br />
pirobebze uaresi ar iqneba,<br />
evropis socialuri<br />
qartia<br />
muxli 7 (5)<br />
axalgazrda muSebis da<br />
Segirdebis mier samarTliani<br />
anazRaurebis an sxva<br />
Sesabamisi damatebebis<br />
miRebis ufleba<br />
muxli 7 (5)<br />
momsaxure qalTa diskriminaciisagan<br />
dacva momsaxure<br />
mamakacTa da qalTa Sromis<br />
anazRaurebis sferoSi.<br />
141
dasarigebeli masala<br />
gamocdilebisa da profesiuli Cvevebis gareSe, miTumetes, mozardebi,<br />
romelTac skola miatoves da winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi “quCaSi<br />
daikargebodnen”, xifaTs gadaeyrebodnenD da saxelmwifos tvirTad<br />
daawvebodnen. axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis Semcirebis mizniT am saxis<br />
politikis warmatebiT gatareba, yovel qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia.<br />
socialuri uflebebis evropuli komisia (evropuli socialuri qartiis<br />
aRmasrulebeli struqtura) ar ganixilavs axalgazrdebis dabal<br />
anazRaurebas samarTliani anazRaurebis principis darRvevad, Tuki es<br />
gansxvaveba mizanSewonilia da misi dabalanseba swrafad xdeba. magaliTad:<br />
15-16 wlis axalgazrdebisaTvis ufrosebis sawyis xelfasze 30%-iT dabali<br />
xelfasi misaRebad aris miCneuli. magram 16-18 wlis axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />
gansxvaveba ar unda aRematebodes 20%-s.<br />
axalgazrdebis xelfasebi yovelTvis araa dabali. realurad arsebobs<br />
bevri kargi ganaTlebis mqone axalgazrda, romlebic gamoimuSaveben bevr<br />
fuls - zogis TvalsazrisiT metismetad bevrsac ki! magaliTad,<br />
axalgazrdebi Zalze warmatebulad muSaoben axal teqnologiebze<br />
dafuZnebul dargebSi da Rebuloben bevrad ufro maRal anazRaurebas,<br />
vidre sapensio asaks miRweuli adamianebi.<br />
muSaTa xelfasebis tarifebi sqesisa da asakis mixedviT<br />
sqesi asaki anazRaureba evro-valutaSi<br />
1. mamakaci 35 wlis 100<br />
2. qali 16 wlis 30<br />
3. mamakaci 22 wlis 70<br />
4. qali 32 wlis 90<br />
5. mamakaci 16 wlis 50<br />
6. qali 19 wlis 60<br />
7. mamakaci 26 wlis 100<br />
8. mamakaci 20 wlis 70<br />
9. qali 24 wlis 80<br />
10. mamakaci 37 wlis 100<br />
11. qali 17 wlis 30<br />
12. qali 23 wlis 80<br />
142 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gvaqvs raime alternativa?<br />
“Cven gvadardebs ra dadgeba Cveni Svilisgan xval, magram<br />
gvaviwydeba rom is dRes ukve warmoadgens viRacas”.<br />
stacia tauSeri<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba, bavSvebi, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia<br />
done 3<br />
9 - 24<br />
90 wuTi<br />
savarjiSo aris roluri gaTamaSeba, romelic exeba<br />
Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� pirovnebaTaSorisi Zaladoba<br />
� dacinva<br />
� Tavisufali da usafrTxo cxovrebis ufleba<br />
� diskriminaciisagan Tavis dacvis da Rirsebis<br />
ufleba<br />
� bavSvebs aqvT ufleba daculi da dafaruli<br />
iyvnen saziano qmedebisa da praqtikisagan, mag.<br />
fizikuri da mentaluri Zaladobisgan<br />
� dacinvis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
codnis gaRrmaveba<br />
� problemis gadaWris gzebis ganxilva<br />
� dacinvis obieqtebis mimarT TanagrZnobis gaCena<br />
� gasaTamaSebeli scenarebis rolebi (TiTo scena<br />
TiTo jgufze)<br />
� “dacinvis istoriebis” furclis erTi asli<br />
� moamzadeT oTaxi, raTa monawileebs sakmarisi<br />
adgili hqondeT rolebis Sesasruleblad.<br />
1. gaacaniT jgufs savarjiSo. ganmarteT, rom maT unda imuSaon mcire<br />
jgufebSi dacinvis TemasTan dakavSirebuli mokle scenebis<br />
gasaTamaSeblad.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
143<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
bavSvebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
9 _ 24<br />
90 wuTi
2. Tu saWiroa, miuZRveniT mokle msjeloba imis garkvevas, icis Tu<br />
ara yvelam ra aris dacinva da, rom is SeiZleba moxdes nebismier<br />
skolaSi an kolejSi, klubSi Tu samsaxurSi.<br />
3. dayaviT monawileebi sam qvejgufad da gaunawileT TiTo scena<br />
TiTo jgufs. mieciT maT 15 wuTi repeticiisa da rolebis<br />
momzadebisaTvis.<br />
4. rodesac mzad iqnebian, sTxoveT jgufebs saTiTaod warmoadginon<br />
TavianTi scenebi<br />
5. SemoinaxeT komentarebi scenebis warmodgenis damTavrebamde da<br />
Semdeg SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze diskusiisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT rolebis Sesrulebis mimoxilviT.<br />
� saidan aqvT jgufebs masala, romelzec aages Tavis rolebi? es iyo<br />
moTxrobebidan da filmebidan gadmotanili masala, Tu sakuTari<br />
gamocdilebis Sedegi?<br />
� iyo scenebi realisturi?<br />
� I scenaSi - ra replikebi iyo konstruqciuli da ra daexmara<br />
situaciis gamosworebas da piriqiT, ra iyo xelis SemSleli?<br />
� II scenaSi - ramdenad advili iyo gulwrfeli saubari megobarTan,<br />
romelsac aseve axasiaTebes damcinavi damikidebuleba sxvebisadmi.<br />
zogadad, rogor strategias SeiZleba hqondes dadebiTi gavlena da<br />
rogors uaryofiTi?<br />
� III scenaSi - ramdenad advilia gulwrfeli saubari megobarTan,<br />
romelsac dascines? ra aris iseTi gadawyvetilebis povnis<br />
saukeTeso gza, romelic misaRebi iqneba dacinvis msxverplisaTvis?<br />
sTxoveT sam monawiles xmamaRla waikiTxon sami „dacinvis istoria“.<br />
moiTxoveT zogadi komentarebi am „istoriebis“ Sesaxeb da Semdeg gadadiT<br />
dacinvis mizezebis da misi aRmofxvris gzebis ganxilvaze.<br />
� rogor ggoniaT, rogori SegrZneba eufleba adamians, romelsac<br />
dascinian?<br />
� pirovneba, romelsac dascinian, aris amaSi damnaSave?<br />
� cdiloben damcinavi adamianebi raimes damtkicebas sxvebis<br />
Seuracxyofis saSualebiT?<br />
� aris dacinva Zaladobis forma?<br />
� aris dacinva ZalasuflebasTan dakavSirebuli?<br />
� aris dacinva gardauvali?<br />
� Tuki Tqvens megobars dascinian, CaayenebdiT Tu ara kompetentur<br />
pirebs saqmis kursSi maSinac ki, Tu megobarma saidumlod gagandoT<br />
Tavisi problema?<br />
� ra aris yvelaze mTavari prekoncefciebi im xalxis mimarT,<br />
romelsac dascinian?<br />
� vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba dacinvis problemis gakontrolebaze?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebisaTvis<br />
dacinva SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri da arapirdapiri. pirdapiri dacinva<br />
gulisxmobs iseT saqciels, rogoricaa damcinavi saxelebis darqmeva,<br />
144 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gamojavreba, xelis kvra, dartyma an Tavdasxma, CanTis an sxva nivTebis<br />
warTmeva, religiis, kanis feris, invalidobis an Cvevebis gamo vinmeze<br />
Tavdasxma an muqara. arapirdapiri dacinva SeiZleba iyos Worebis<br />
gavrceleba msxverplis socialuri izolaciis mizniT. aseTi qcevebi<br />
umetesad inicirebulia erTi, an ramdenime adamianis mier, romelime<br />
specifiuri msxverplis an msxverplTa winaaRmdeg. rogorc pirdapiri, aseve<br />
arapirdapiri dacinvis dros, ZiriTadi komponenti aris fizikuri an<br />
fsiqologiuri daSineba, rac droSi sistematurad meordeba da qmnis<br />
uwyveti Zaladobis, an Seuracyofis nakads.<br />
Tu Tqven muSaobT gaWirvebulTa daxmarebis jgufTan an klubSi,<br />
kolejsa Tu samsaxurebriv adgilebSi, SesaZloa moisurvoT iseTi scenebis<br />
arCeva, romelic miesadageba konkretul situacias. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqvenive<br />
jgufis axalgazrdebs SeiZleba Tavad hqondeT dacinvis piradi gamocdileba.<br />
CamoayalibeT jgufebi da daanawileT scenebi Sesabamisad.<br />
rCevebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
gaarkvieT, arsebobs Tu ara raime adgilobrivi programa, romelic<br />
amzadebs maswavleblebs (axalgazrda moxaliseebs) konfliqtebis<br />
mosagvareblad. sTxoveT am programebis spikers, gaesaubros jgufs da<br />
ganixileT Tqvens skolaSi, kolejSi, an klubSi msgavsi mediatorebis<br />
sistemis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba.<br />
jgufma SeiZleba moindomos dacinvis sawinaaRmdego politikis<br />
SemuSaveba Tavisi skolisaTvis, an organizaciisaTvis. savarjiSoSi „rasizmis<br />
mogerieba“ (gv. 247) SemoTavazebuli meTodi antirasistuli politikis<br />
SemuSavebis Sesaxeb, relevanturia dacinvis sawinaaRmdego politikis<br />
Sesaqmnelad.<br />
Tu jgufs moewona rolebis Sesruleba da moisurvebs konfliqtebis<br />
menejmentis sakiTxebSi ufro Rrmad Caxedvas, SeuZliaT Seasrulon<br />
savarjiSo „iTamaSe!“ (gv. 196).<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
ipoveT jgufi, an asociacia, romelic Tqvens qveyanaSi dacinvis<br />
problemebze muSaobs da SesTavazeT mxardaWera.<br />
Tu gansakuTrebulad SemoqmedebiTi jgufi gyavT, urCieT maT sakuTari<br />
scenarebis dawera da Semdeg maTi dadgma warmodgenisaTvis.<br />
jgufis wevrebma SeiZleba warmarTon, an organizeba gaukeTon TvianT<br />
skolebSi, an dasaxlebaSi debatebs dacinvis Temaze.<br />
megobrebTan erTad CamoayalibeT jgufi Tqvens skolaSi, an dasaxlebaSi,<br />
raTa daexmaroT dacinvis obieqtebs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
145
dasarigbeli masala<br />
siuJetebi rolebisaTvis<br />
siuJeti 1<br />
studenti mimarTavs administraciis kompetentur pirebs da cdilobs auxsnas maT, rom mis erTerT<br />
klasels dascinian. direqtori avtoritaruli da konservatoruli pirovnebaa, fiqrobs, rom<br />
moraluri standartebi daeca da saSineli axalgazrdoba wamovida. klasis xelmZRvanels ar<br />
unda pasuxismgeblobis aReba. sxva maswavleblebi ver afaseben problemas saTanadod da ar<br />
cnoben dacinvis faqts. adgilobrivi organoebis daxmarebis samsaxuris warmomadgenili<br />
SeSfoTebulia, magram metismetad gadatvirTulia imisaTvis, rom dauyovnebliv Caerios.<br />
siuJeti 2<br />
studentebis jgufi cdilobs gons moiyvanos megobari, romelic dascinis maTze umcros<br />
students<br />
siuJeti 3<br />
studentebi Sekrebilebi arian da saubroben megobarze, romelsac dascinis ufrosi studntebis<br />
jgufi. maT undaT daexmaron megobars da moifiqron amisaTvis Sesaferisi yvela SesaZlo<br />
gadawyvetileba.<br />
realuri ambebi<br />
ambavi 1<br />
‘me 12 wlis var da mezizReba<br />
skolaSi siaruli imitom rom<br />
aravis ar vuyvarvar. bavSvebi<br />
gamudmebiT raRac saxelebs<br />
marqmeven. Amboben rom maxinji da<br />
msuqani var da rom Cem mSoblebs<br />
unda rcxvenodeT Cemnairi Svili<br />
rom hyavT. Cemi saukeTeso<br />
megobaric aRar melaparakeba da im<br />
BbavSvebsac ki daumegobrda<br />
romlebic me damcinian. ukve isic<br />
mezizReba. saSinel simartoves<br />
vgrZnob da meSinia rom is rasac<br />
isini Cem mSoblebze amboben<br />
marTali ar iyos.”<br />
rozana<br />
ambavi 2<br />
“wels axal kolejSi daviwye swavla<br />
da pirvelive dRidan SevamCnie rom<br />
zogierTi gogo raRac damcinavad<br />
miyurebda. Semdeg gavacnobiere, rom<br />
isini eWvianobdnen Cemze, radganac<br />
biWebis umravlesoba Zalin<br />
megobrulad iyo ganwyobili<br />
Cemdami. axla sxva kolejSi minda<br />
gadasvla imitom rom xSirad<br />
vRebulob muqaris baraTebs.<br />
saxlSic mirekaven da Seuracyofas<br />
mayeneben. ramdenjerme wignebic ki<br />
mompares. gasul kviras tualetSi<br />
rom Sevedi 3 gogo Semomyva.<br />
miyvirodnen, daniT memuqrebodnen,<br />
quCis qali miwodes da miTxres<br />
rom sadme sxvagan gadavsuliyavi<br />
sasawavleblad. amis atana ukve<br />
aRar SemiZlia. meSinia da Zalian<br />
vbrazdebi. vcade direqtorTan<br />
dalaparakeba magram is naklebad<br />
dainteresda Cemi problemiT. ar<br />
vici rogor moviqce.”<br />
lizbeti<br />
ambavi 3<br />
“Cemma saukeTeso megobarma miTxra<br />
rom Cveni skolis ramodenime<br />
moswavle mas awuxebda. radganac<br />
mindoda rom mas davxmarebodi,<br />
gadavwyvite wavsuliyavi da<br />
davlaparakebodi maT. magram amis<br />
Semdeg isini zustad mec<br />
igivenairad meqcevian. axla ukve<br />
Cven orives dagvcinian: binZur<br />
xumrobebs igoneben Cvenze da cemiT<br />
gemuqrebian. orivem gadavwyviteT<br />
aravis vuTxraT araferi,<br />
radaganac gveSinia rom kidev<br />
uaresi SeiZleba moxdes Tu vinmes<br />
vuambobT amis Sesaxeb”.<br />
andrei<br />
146 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
globalizaciis terminologiuri leqsikoni<br />
... dapataravebuli msoflio – interneti - saerTaSoriso<br />
savaluto fondi – vaWroba – agresiuli demonstraciebi... ra<br />
asociaciebi giCndebaT sityva “globalizaciis” xsenebisas?<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
socialuri uflebebi, globalizacia, ganaTleba<br />
done 3<br />
nebismieri<br />
90 wuTi<br />
esaa informaciis moZiebis savarjiSo<br />
manifestaciebis, globalizaciis mizezebisa da<br />
Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romelic moiTxovs kritikul<br />
azrovnebas.<br />
� muSaobis ufleba<br />
� cxovrebis iseTi pirobebis ufleba, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs Sesabamis keTildReobasa da<br />
janmrTelobas.<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba<br />
� codnisa gaRrmaveba manifestaciebis,<br />
globalizaciis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
� leqsikonebi (sul cota 4 cali)<br />
� A3 da A4 zomis furclebi<br />
� lenti da makrateli<br />
� sxvadasxva feris kalmistrebi da markerebi<br />
� sxvadasxva beWdviTi masala, Jurnalebi,<br />
bukletebi kolaJebis gasakeTeblad<br />
� xelmisawvdomi informaciis wyaro (biblioTeka,<br />
interneti)<br />
� aslis gadamRebi aparati (ar aris aucilebeli)<br />
� stepleri, furclis gasaxvreti mowyobiloba,<br />
asakinZi Tasmebi, swrafCamkeri.<br />
� SeagroveT rac SeiZleba meti informacia<br />
globalizaciis Sesaxeb. Tu saWiroa, gamoiyeneT<br />
internet bmulebi da damatebiTi informaciaSi<br />
miTiTebul wyaroebi globalizaciis Temaze.<br />
� SeagroveT gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, bukletebi,<br />
broSurebi, kalendrebi da misaloci baraTebi,<br />
saidanac amoiWreba sailustracio masala<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
147<br />
globalizacia<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
ganaTleba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
90 wuTi
ATTAC -moqalaqeebis<br />
daxmarebis mizniT<br />
finansuri operaciebis<br />
dabegvris asociaciis<br />
abreviaturaa.<br />
IMF niSnavs saerTaSoriso<br />
savaluto fonds.<br />
CCC aRniSnavs kampanias<br />
sufTa tansacmlisaTvis<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom am savarjiSos mizania ganmartebiTi leqsikonis, an<br />
globalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebis, faqtebisa da<br />
pirovnebebis resurs-failis Seqmna.<br />
2. “moTelvisaTvis” iTamaSeT “sityva-asociaciebis” erTi raundi.<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs Tqvan nebismieri sityva, romelic<br />
moafiqrdebaT globalizaciaze fiqris dros.<br />
3. ifiqreT terminologiur leqsikonSi Sesatani SesaZlo variantebis<br />
Sesaxeb. magaliTad,<br />
� iseTi saerTaSoriso sityvebis, terminebisa da abreviaturebis<br />
ganmartebebi, rogorebicaa ATTAC, IMF, CCC;<br />
� globalizaciis mTavari aspeqtebi;<br />
� globalizaciasTan asocirebuli adamianebi/pirovnebebi da/an<br />
antiglobalizaciis aqtivistebi;<br />
� movlenebis, Sexvedrebis, saprotesto aqciebis, konferenciebis<br />
da a.S. dasaxelebebi, Catarebis adgilebi da TariRebi;<br />
� transnacionaluri sawarmoebisa da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebis globalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli<br />
magaliTebi;<br />
� ilustraciebi;<br />
� citatebi.<br />
4. aCveneT monawileebs Segrovebuli masalebi da aRniSneT, rom<br />
ufleba aqvT survilisamebr SearCion literatura da gamoiCinon<br />
SemoqmedebiTi midgoma. masala SeuZliaT warmoadginon nebismieri<br />
formiT! magaliTad, plakatis an bukletis formiT.<br />
5. sakuTari leqsikonebis Sesaqmnelad monawileebi dayaviT patara 3-4<br />
kacian jgufebad<br />
6. leqsikonze muSaobis damTavrebis Semdeg, sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs<br />
warmoadginon TavianTi namuSevari plenarul sxdomaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos mokle mimoxilviT. moewonaT is monawileebs?<br />
Semdeg gadadiT imsjeleT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gaiges moTamaSeebma axali.<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze moulodneli informacia, romelsac monawileebi<br />
waawydnen? ratom?<br />
� iyo Tu ara moiZiebuli informaciebi urTierTSesatyvisi? arsebobda<br />
winaaRmdegobebi da Secdomebi?<br />
� ra aris globalizaciis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi?<br />
� unda avaridoT globalizacias Tavi?<br />
� raSi mdgomareobs globalizaciis Sedegebi?<br />
� xedavT globalizaciis gavlenas Tqvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi?<br />
� SeuZlia globalizacias xeli Seuwyos adamianis uflebebis dacvas?<br />
� ra roli unda Seasrulon axalgazrdulma organizaciebma<br />
globalur procesebSi?<br />
148 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
savarjiSo daasruleT gonebrivi Sturmis gameorebiT da sTxoveT jgufs<br />
daamaton axali sityvebi da cnebebi, romelic aiTvises savarjiSos<br />
Sesrulebis dros.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
mniSvnelovania, SeZlebisdagvarad farTo speqtris literturis<br />
Segroveba, raTa monawileebma miiRon maqsimaluri moculobis informacia.<br />
magaliTad, informaciis wyaro SeiZleba iyos Jurnal-gazeTebSi dabeWdili<br />
statiebi, radio, interneti, videomasala, plakatebi, bukletebi, broSurebi,<br />
da simRerebic ki.<br />
metismeti mniSvneloba ar unda mianiWoT saboloo dokumentis xarisxs.<br />
ZiriTadi aqcenti unda gakeTdes im urTierTmoqmedebaze, romelic arsebobs<br />
monawileebsa da informaciis Ziebisa da kritikuli Sefasebis Seswavlis<br />
process Soris. jgufisTvis savarjiSos gacnobis dros, xazi gausviT, rom<br />
monawileebma mkafiod da lakonurad unda warmoadginon sakuTari<br />
koncefciebi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu monawileebi moisurveben damatebiTi informaciis miRebas<br />
globalizaciisa da internetis rolis Sesaxeb adamianis uflebaTa<br />
damkvidrebaSi, SeuZliaT gamoiyenon savarjiSo “internetis zegavlena” (gv.<br />
204).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
skolaSi nebismier klass SeuZlia erTiani ZalebiT Seqmnas ganmartebiTi<br />
leqsikoni specialurad skolis biblioTekisaTvis, romelic yvelasaTvis<br />
xelmisawvdomi iqneba. axalgazrdebis jgufs SeuZlia gaaerTianos skolis<br />
proeqtTan TavianTi informacia da daamzados erToblivi plakati.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
8 seqtemberi<br />
wera-kiTxvis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
149
Genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
Ddiskriminacia<br />
Mvoqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
gmirebi<br />
lomebs rom laparaki SeeZloT, mondireebi verasodes gaxdebodnen<br />
gmirebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo moicavs individualur, mcire da<br />
erTian jgufebTan muSaobas, gonebriv Sturms da<br />
diskusias Semdegi sakiTxebis garSemo:<br />
� gmirebi, rogorc socializaciis da kulturis<br />
simboloebi<br />
� gmirebis stereotipuli saxeebi<br />
� uflebebisa da Rirsebis Tanasworoba<br />
� Tavisuflebebis ufleba ganurCevlad<br />
genderuli gansxvavebebisa<br />
� msjeloba istoriis swavlebis Sesaxeb, saerTo<br />
istoriuli movlenebisa da am movlenebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli gmirebis sxvadasxva kuTxiT<br />
Sefaseba<br />
� gmirebis, rogorc misabaZi magaliTebis,<br />
mniSvnelobis kritikuli Sefaseba da ganxilva,<br />
Tu rogor damkvidrdnen Cvens istoriaSi,<br />
kulturasa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
genderuli stereotipebi.<br />
� kalmistrebi da furclebi (erTi wiTeli da<br />
erTi lurji kalmistari TiToeul monawileze.<br />
ara savaldebulo, magram sasurveli)<br />
� furclebiani dafa da markerebi<br />
1. mieciT monawileebs 5 wuTi mofiqrebisaTvis, raTa daasaxelon maTi<br />
sayvareli erovnuli gmirebi (istoriuli da Tanamedrove).<br />
2. daurigeT monawileebs furclebi da kalmistrebi da sTxoveT,<br />
daxazon ori sveti. pirvel svetSi wiTeli fanqriT unda Caweron<br />
3-4 istoriuli gmiri qalis saxeli, mokled aRweron vin iyvnen<br />
isini da ra gaakeTes TavianTi samSoblosaTvis. furclis boloSi<br />
unda Camoweron gmiri qalebis pirovnuli TvisebebisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli sakvanZo sityvebi.<br />
150 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
3. gaimeoreT procesi (lurji fanqriT) 3-4 gmiri mamakacisaTvis,<br />
CawereT es informacia II svetSi.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs danawildnen 5-7 wevrian mcire jgufebad da<br />
uTxran erTmaneTs, vin airCies Tavis gmirebad. sTxoveT jgufebs<br />
kenWisyris gziT, airCion 4 gmiri qali da 4 gmiri mamakaci.<br />
5. Semdeg moTamaSeebi SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze da CamowereT<br />
TiToeuli jgufis gmirebis saxelebi dafaze or svetad. daumateT<br />
pirovnuli Tvisebebis damaxasiaTebeli sakvanZo sityvebi.<br />
6. ganixileT pirovnuli Tvisebebis sia, imsjeleT gmirebis, rogorc<br />
misabaZi magaliTebis rolze da gansazRvreT, ra xarisxiT<br />
ganekuTvnebian isini genderul stereotipebs. Semdeg SeajameT<br />
Sedegebi.<br />
ukrainelTa erT-erTi jgufis namuSevari, romelic maT Seasrules<br />
meore etapze<br />
gmiri qalebi gmiri mamakacebi<br />
Tavadi olRa, kievis ruseTis pirveli<br />
qristiani<br />
Turqebis mier tyved Sepyrobili<br />
axalgazrda qali roksalana. igi<br />
cxovrobda xanis haramxanaSi.<br />
iyenebda Tavis mdgomareobas<br />
politikaze gavlenis mosaxdenad.<br />
poeti qali lesia ukrainka, romelic<br />
werda ukrainis TviTmyofadobaze da<br />
qalebis emansipaciaze<br />
Zlieri<br />
gamWriaxi<br />
rbili<br />
qaluri<br />
gavleniani<br />
lamazi<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Tavadi vladimeri – romelmac<br />
gaaqristiana kievis ruseTi<br />
hetman mazepa, damoukideblobisaTvis<br />
mebrZoli<br />
poeti taras SevCenko, umReroda da<br />
adidebda Tavisuflebas<br />
Zlieri<br />
gavleniani<br />
mamaci<br />
gambedavi<br />
moudrekeli<br />
Semtevi<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos mimoxilviT da gaarkvieT, ra iswavles<br />
axalgazrdebma gmirebis Sesaxeb. Semdeg gadadiT zogad msjelobaze<br />
stereotipebis Sesaxeb da gaarkvieT ra gavlenas axdenen isini adamianebis<br />
warmodgenebze da moqmedebebze. monawileebs dausviT SekiTxvebi:<br />
� vin arian gmirebi? (Cveulebrivi qalebi da mamakacebi? mefeebi?) ra<br />
gaakeTes maT? (ibrZoles? leqsebi daweres?) rogor gaiges<br />
monawileebma maT Sesaxeb?<br />
� ra msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi iyo gmiri qalebisa da mamakacebis<br />
daxasiaTebis siebs Soris?<br />
� ra faseulobebs ganasaxiereben gmirebi? aris es faseulobebi<br />
erTidaigive orivesaTvis, Tu gansxvavdebian?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
151
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
8 marti<br />
qalTa saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
3 noemberi<br />
mamakacebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
� rogor esmiT monawileebs sityva “stereotipi?” ramdenad<br />
Seesabamebian stereotipebi sinamdviles? stereotipi yovelTvis<br />
negatiuria?<br />
� Tqven piradad da Tqveni sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs gaqvT<br />
zogadi stereotipebi da warmodgenebi qalebisa da mamakacebis<br />
Sesaxeb?<br />
� zRudavs es warmodgenebi monawileebs? rogor?<br />
� asaxavs Tu ara savarjiSos Sedegad Seqmnili siebi im Strixebs,<br />
romlebsac zogjer erovnul niSnebs uwodeben?<br />
� ramdenadaa socialuri da kulturuli barierebi stereotipuli<br />
azrovnebis Sedegi?<br />
� ra gziT arTmevs genderuli stereotipebi adamianebs maT uflebebs?<br />
� stereotipuli warmodgenebi xSirad qmnis bariers, rogorc qalebis,<br />
aseve mamakacebisaTvis da zRudavs maT cxovrebiseul arCevansa da<br />
SesaZleblobebs? ra genderuli barierebi SexvedriaT monawileebs<br />
piradad? sad – skolaSi, saxlSi, klubSi Tu samsaxurSi?<br />
� rogor SeiZleba am barierebis gadalaxva? SeuZliaT SeimuSaon raime<br />
strategia kulturuli normebisagan da mamakacuri, an qaluri<br />
damkvidrebuli faseulobebisagan Tavis dasaRwevad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
es savarjiSo gansakuTrebiT Seesabameba polikulturul garemos,<br />
radganac kulturuli komponenti SeiZleba gaxdes dominanturi.<br />
instruqciebis mexuTe punqtis Sesabamisd, Tqven unda moisminoT yvelanairi<br />
mosazreba mcire jgufebisagan da CamoweroT dafaze. Tu vinme SemogTavazebT<br />
termins “mamakacuri” an “qaluri”, am etapze unda miiRoT, magram<br />
daubrundiT maT ganxilvisaTvis analizis fazaSi da scadeT am sityvebis<br />
mniSvnelobis garkveva.<br />
variantebi<br />
axalgazrdebTan muSaobis dros Tqven, albaT, moisurvebT gmirebis<br />
gansxvavebul tipebTan Sexebasac. magaliTad, komiqsebi, wignebisa da<br />
filmebis personaJebi, kinos, sportisa da pop-musikis varskvlavebi. sxdoma<br />
daiwyeT komiqsebiT da CaatareT gonebrivi Sturmi personaJebis<br />
damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebze. kidev erTi varinti: kedelde dakideT sportis<br />
da pop-varskvlavebis plakatebi da sTxoveT monawileebs daaweron<br />
replikebi an miaxaton raime. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daTanxmdebiT, rom<br />
SekiTxvaze “vin aris Tqveni gmiri qali da mamakaci?” miiRoT ganusazRvreli<br />
pasuxebi, win mravali saintereso da moulodneli siurprizi gelodebaT,<br />
rac dagexmarebaT nayofieri diskusiis CatarebaSi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu monawileebs survili gauCndebaT gaecnon adamianis uflebebisaTvis<br />
mebrZol gmirebs, SesTavazeT maT savarjiSo “uflebebisaTvis mebrZolebi”<br />
(gv. 294).<br />
152 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
dadeT piroba, rom yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi met yuradRebas miaqcevT<br />
stereotipebs, gansakuTrebiT ki maT, romlebsac rogorc sxvebi, aseve Cvenc<br />
(SeiZleba uneblied!) mivyavarT prekoncefciebis Camoyalibebamde.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
stereotipi aris ganzogadeba, romlis drosac jgufis erTi<br />
nawilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi miewereba da vrceldeba mTel<br />
jgufze. magaliTad, italielebs uyvarT opera, rusebs – baleti,<br />
motocikletebze amxedrebuli Savi tyavis qurTukiani axalgazrdebi<br />
saxifaToni arian, xolo yvela Savkaniani warmoSobiT afrikelia.<br />
sityvebma „sqesi“ da „genderi“ SeiZleba areuloba gamoiwvion. „sqesi“<br />
gulisxmobs biologiur gansxvavebas qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris, romlebic<br />
universalurebi arian da cvilebebs ar eqvemdebarebian. sityva „genderi”<br />
socialur atributebs miekuTvneba, romlebsac adamiani socializaciis<br />
procesSi iZens gansazRvrul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebis manZilze.<br />
amgvarad, genderi ganekuTvneba socalurad ganpirobebul atributebs,<br />
rolebs, moqmedebebs, valdebulebebsa da moTxovnilebebs, romelic<br />
dakavSirebulia mamakacur (maskulinuri) da qalur (femininuri)<br />
warmodgenebTan gansazRvrul sazogadoebaSi, drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi.<br />
informaciis wyaro: gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP), genderi ganviTarebis programaSi,<br />
saswavlo da sainformacio paketi, genderis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis programa da<br />
proeqtis ZiriTadi punqtebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
153
ganaTleba<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
bavSvebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
8-50<br />
115 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
`dae yvelas azri iyos mosmenili!“<br />
„aswavlo niSnavs gjerodes cvlilebebis“ paolo freire<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
ganaTleba, moqalaqeoba, bavSvebi<br />
done 3<br />
8 – 50<br />
115 wuTi<br />
es aris savarjiSo, romelic mimdinareobs<br />
diskusiis formiT mcire jgufebSi da plenarul<br />
sxdomaze Semdegi sakiTxebis garSemo:<br />
� ra aris ganaTleba da, rogor akmayofilebs, an<br />
ar akmayofilebs igi xalxis moTxovnilebebs?<br />
� gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileoba<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba;<br />
� azrovnebis Tavisuflebisa da azris gamoTqmis<br />
ufleba;<br />
� sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis<br />
ufleba.<br />
� ganaTlebis sistemaze dafiqreba da Sefaseba, Tu<br />
ramdenad akmayofilebs is xalxis<br />
moTxovnilebebs.<br />
� TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;<br />
gadawyvetilebebis demokratiulad miRebis<br />
procesebSi monawileoba skolebisa da klubebis<br />
doneze.<br />
� samarTlianobis xelSewyoba da xalxis CarTva<br />
mimdinare procesebSi.<br />
� 4 didi zomis furceli da kalmistrebi oTx<br />
kaciani jgufisaTvis.<br />
� furclebi Canawerebis gasakeTeblad,<br />
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi<br />
savarjiSo gayofilia or nawilad: nawili I (35 wuTi) _ msjeloba vis<br />
rogori ganaTleba esaWiroeba; nawili II (60 wuTi) _ demokratiuli<br />
meqnizmebis ganviTarebis gzebis ganxilva, rac adamianebs aZlevs azris<br />
gamoTqmis saSualebas ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.<br />
nawili I. ra saxis ganaTleba gvesaWiroeba? (35 wuTi)<br />
1. daiwyeT mokle zogadi mimoxilviT, ras gulisxmoben monawileebi<br />
terminSi “ganaTleba”. maT unda esmodeT, rom ganaTlebis miReba<br />
adamianis uflebaa.<br />
2. ifiqreT ganaTlebis yvela dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb<br />
da miaqcieT yuradReba dafaze Camoweril sityva-gasaRebebs.<br />
154 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
3. sTxoveT monawileebs dawyvildnen. mieciT maT 15 wuTi ganaTlebis<br />
uflebis Sesafaseblad _ vin Rebulobs gadawyvetilebebs, Tu ra da<br />
rogor unda iswavlos xalxma.<br />
4. daubrundiT plenarul sxdomas da sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
komentarebis gakeTeba Catarebuli muSaobis STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
nawili II. demokratiuli sistemebis ganviTareba, romelic adamianebs aZlevs<br />
azris gamoxatvis saSualeba im ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelsac Rebuloben<br />
(60 wuTi)<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dabrundnen Tavis partniorebTan da imsjelon,<br />
rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba maT skolebSi, kolejebSi an<br />
klubebSi. magaliTad, vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas ra unda<br />
iswavlebodes da ra RonisZiebebi unda Catardes? rogor xdeba<br />
skolis, klubis an kolejis marTva? rogor miiReba sabiujeto da<br />
finansuri gadawyvetilebebi? rogor xdeba politikis SemuSaveba da<br />
SeTanxmeba? ramdenad aris gaTvaliswinebuli axalgazrdebis azri?<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs SeerTdnen 4 kacian jgufebad. SeaxseneT, rom<br />
maT aqvT ganaTlebis ufleba da ufleba CaerTon im gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis procesSi, romlebic uSualod maT exebaT.<br />
3. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, ifiqron demokratiulad arCeuli<br />
organos dadebiT da uaryofiT aspeqtebze, adgilobriv doneze maT<br />
ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. aseTi<br />
struqtura SeiZleba iyos studenturi sabWo skolaSi, an kolejSi,<br />
gamgeoba axalgazrdul jgufSi, an organizaciaSi.<br />
4. hkiTxeT jgufs, rogori iqneboda sabWos, an gamgeobis saukeTeso<br />
forma, romelic maqsimalurad daakmayofilebda maT moTxovnas<br />
piradi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb azris gamoTqmasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
5. Semdegi etapi damokidebulia jgufis Semadgenlobaze. Tu maT<br />
skolaSi, an klubSi ar arsebobs sabWo, maSin unda moifiqron ra<br />
saxis sabWos Seqmna surT da, rogor unda moxdes misi dafuZneba.<br />
Tu jgufs ukve aqvs sabWo, an gamgeoba, maSin unda imsjelon misi<br />
muSaobis principebze da SeimuSaon muSaobis gaumjobesebis gegma.<br />
ganmarteT SWOT analizis arsi da mieciT jgufs 30 wuTi<br />
moqmedebis gegmis SemuSavebisa da furcelze, an dafaze<br />
gadatanisaTvis.<br />
6. SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze da sTxoveT jgufs Seajamon<br />
Sedegebi.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
bevri azri ukve gamoTqmuli iqneba wina diskusiebis sxvadasxva etapebze.<br />
da mainc, dauTmeT dro savarjiSos ganxilvas mTlianobaSi, zogadi<br />
saganmanaTleblo momentebis gaazrebisa da Semdegi moqmedebebis dasagegmad.<br />
� moewonaT monawileebs savarjiSo? iyo is sasargeblo? ratom?<br />
ratom ara?<br />
� ratom Camoyalibda gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis amgvari struqtura?<br />
rogoria istoriuli precedentebi? asrulebdnen es struqturebi<br />
Tavis funqciebs warsulSi? ratom ar aris is adeqvaturi amJamad?<br />
qtomberi<br />
leblebis<br />
iso dRe<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
155
� ratom aris saWiro gadawyvetilebis miRebis struqturebisa da<br />
procedurebis rgularuli gadasinjva?<br />
� ra gansxvavebaa jgufebis mier SemoTavazebul samoqmedo gegmebs<br />
Soris?<br />
� ra dro, energia da fulia saWori gegmebis gansaxorcieleblad?<br />
� ramdenad realuri iyo gegmebi? (miaqcieT yuradReba: vrceli<br />
gegmebi kargia, magram saWiroa miznisaken nabij-nabij svla!)<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
jgufis xasiaTidan gamomdinare mogiwevT gansazRvroT, rogori gza<br />
iqneba saukeTeso am savarjiSoebis adamianis uflebebTan, ufro zustad,<br />
ganaTlebisa da ganaTlebis procesebSi gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis uflebasTan<br />
dasakavSireblad. amisaTvis, SeiZleba, monawileebs sTxovoT piradi<br />
codnis gaziareba, an Tavad gauziaroT sawyisi informacia.<br />
SWOT-is analizi aRwerili da ganmartebulia mesame TavSi -<br />
“moqmedebaze gadasvla”.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
mieciT monawileebs saSualeba imuSaon am savarjiSos Catarebis<br />
procesSi Camoyalibebuli ideebis ganviTarebaze da mesame TavSi<br />
(“moqmedebaze gadasvla” gv. 341) miRebul rCevebze dayrdnobiT, ecadon<br />
sityvis meti Tavisufleba moipovon TavianT skolebSi, kolejebsa da<br />
klubebSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas.<br />
Tu monawileebs moewona gansja im ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelsac<br />
Rebuloben, SeiZleba moewonos samagido TamaSi “ambavi ori qalaqis Sesaxeb”<br />
(gv. 89), romelic ganixilavs sasurvel qalaqSi cxovrebis sakiTxebs.<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
monawileebi SeiZleba dafiqrdnen TavianT regionSi arsebul sxva<br />
studentur sabWoebTan dakavSirebaze da informaciis gacvlaze erovnul an<br />
saerTaSoriso doneze.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
ra daniSnuleba unda hqondes skolis sabWos?<br />
skolis sabWos evaleba misces studentebs saSualeba, Tavisuflad<br />
gamoTqvan azri skolis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic uSualod<br />
exebaT. sabWos daarsebisaTvis da misi efeqturi muSaobisaTvis mravali<br />
mizezi arsebobs.<br />
upiratesoba moswavleebisaTvis /studentebisaTvis<br />
skolis sabWoSi monawileoba xels uwyobs moswavleebis codnisa da<br />
pirovnebis ganviTarebas, radgan:<br />
� sabWo xels uwyobs moqalaqeobis, politikuri qmedebebis da<br />
demokratiuli damokidebulebebis swavlebas;<br />
� sabWo xels uwyobs pirovnebis moraluri faseulobebisa da<br />
socialuriUndobis ganviTarebas;<br />
156 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� studentebi uflebamosilni arian gadaamowmon xelmZRvaneli pirebis<br />
mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi;<br />
� studentebi swavloben samarTliani gadawyvetilebis miRebas, piradi<br />
pasuxismgeblobis xarjze;<br />
� studentebi ecnobian cxovrebiseul realiebs, magaliTad, rogor<br />
imuSaon SezRuduli dafinansebis da administraciis gulgrili<br />
damokidebulebis pirobebSi.<br />
praqtikuli sargebeli<br />
� menejmentis demokratiuli stili ukeT muSaobs, vidre<br />
avtokratuli sistemebi, radgan isini ufro efeqturia, rodesac<br />
waxalisebulia moswavleebis pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba<br />
� sabWo xels uwyobs TanamSromlobas, energiis mobilizebas, da<br />
gaucxoebis Semcirebas.<br />
� sabWos SeuZlia gaaumjobesos atmosfero skolaSi: maswavleblebs<br />
ufro endobian, skolis moTxovnebs gacilebiT samarTliani<br />
safuZveli aqvs.<br />
� gare socialuri da politikuri zewolis Sedegad arsebuli<br />
nebismieri SezRudvis miuxedavad, studentTa sabWo unda iyos<br />
maswavleblebis personalis keTili nebisa da garkveuli<br />
faseulobebis mimarT Tavdadebis saukeTeso demonstrireba.<br />
davinaxoT sakuTari SesaZleblobebi<br />
mniSvnelovania davinaxoT sakuTari unari da ara uunaroba!<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
157
diskriminacia<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
\sporti<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
6-36<br />
done 3<br />
120 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia, socialuri uflebebi,<br />
sporti<br />
done 3<br />
6 – 36<br />
120 wuTi<br />
praqtikuli savarjiSo mowodebulia, rom<br />
gamoiwvios TanagrZnoba invalidebis mimarT.<br />
ganxilul sakiTxebs Sorisaa:<br />
� problemebi, romlebsac invalidebi awydebian<br />
sazogadoebaSi integrirebis dros<br />
� invalidebis uflebebi, rogorc adamianis<br />
ZiriTadi ufleba<br />
� diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� Tanabari Rirsebebi da Tanabari uflebebi<br />
� socialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba<br />
� invalidebis yoveldRiuri problemebis<br />
gacnobiereba<br />
� invalidebis saWiroebebSi Rrmad Caxedvisa da<br />
maTze reagirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� invalidebisadmi TanagrZnobisa da solidarobis<br />
grZnobis gaRviveba<br />
SesavlisaTvis:<br />
� furceli da kalmistari TiToeuli<br />
monawilisaTvis<br />
II nawilisaTvis, TiToeul wyvils<br />
� polieTilenis parki, romelSic devs kombostos<br />
an salaTis foToli, fanqari, carci, xis<br />
foToli, feradi furceli da erTi boTli an<br />
qila gamagrilebeli sasmeli<br />
� Tvalis asaxvevi naWeri<br />
� furceli da kalmistari<br />
III nawilisaTvis, TiToeul wyvils<br />
� baraTi – roli<br />
� furceli da kalmistari<br />
IV nawilisaTvis<br />
� erTi invalidis etli 8 monawileze<br />
� xelovnuri dabrkolebebis SeqmnisaTvis<br />
sakmarisi adgili (sasurvelia kidev erTi<br />
oTaxi, magram ara aucilebeli). alternatiuli<br />
varinti SeiZleba iyos savarjiSos sufTa<br />
haerze Catareba.<br />
158 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
� dabrkolebebi, magaliTad, magida da skamebi, xis<br />
dafebi, Zveli gazeTebis grova, da a.S.<br />
� didi zomis furceli, an dafa da markerebi<br />
� saaTi an wamzomi<br />
� moamzadeT baraTi-rolebi. gamoiyeneT<br />
SemoTavazebuli situaciebi, an gamoigoneT<br />
isini Tqven TviTon.<br />
� Tu SesaZlebelia, moamzadeT meore oTaxic<br />
dabrkolebebiani “trasis” gasakeTeblad. an,<br />
kidev ukeTesi, gadiT Senobidan sufTa haerze,<br />
sadac ufro rTuli “trasis” Seqmna iqneba<br />
SesaZlebeli. Tu SenobaSi darCenas gadawyvetT,<br />
gamoiyeneT magidebi da skamebi viwro<br />
gasasvlelebis gasakeTeblad da xis ficrebi, an<br />
iatakze dayrili Zveli gazeTebis grova ki<br />
segicvliT bunebriv dabrkolebebs.<br />
savarjiSo tardeba oTx nawilad: nawili I - Sesavali, nawili II -<br />
Tvalaxveuli seirnoba, nawili III - Jestebis ena da nawili IV – rbola<br />
invalidebis etliT.<br />
nawili I. Sesavali (10 wuTi)<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom savarjiSoSi ZiriTadi yuradReba daeTmoba<br />
invalidobis sam formas: sibrmaves, yru-munjobas da damblas.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs, dafiqrdnen ramdenime wuTi, rogor mopyrobas<br />
isurvebdnen, an ar isurvebdnen invalidebi rom yofiliyvnen.<br />
daweron ramodenime sakvanZo sityva.<br />
3. Semdeg, sTxoveT daweron, yvelaze metad risi SeeSindebodaT,<br />
invalidad yofnis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
4. rodesac yvelaferi Sesruldeba, sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
gadaatrialon furclebi da moemzadon “realobaSi Sesabijeblad”.<br />
nawili II. Tvalaxveuli seirnoba<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dawyvildnen. daurigeT maT Tvalis asaxvevi<br />
naWrebi. wyvilidan erTi unda iyos invalidi, xolo meore damxmare.<br />
am ukanasknelis movaleobaa mudmivad uzrunvelyos misi partnioris<br />
usafrTxoeba. maT mxolod “diax” an “ara” unda upasuxon<br />
usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebul martiv SekiTxvebs.<br />
2. sTxoveT damxmareebs gaiyvanon partniorebi 5 wuTiT saseirnod<br />
(kibeebze asvla-Casvlis CaTvliT da, Tu SesaZlebelia quCaSic<br />
gavidnen).<br />
3. oTaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg, sTxoveT damxmareebs miiyvanon TavianTi<br />
partniorebi skamTan. magram skamze siurprizia! polieTilenis<br />
parki! ra aris masSi?<br />
4. “brmebma” unda gamoicnon ra aris CanTaSi. damxmarem ki unda<br />
Caiweros maT mier gamocnobili sagnebis dasaxelebebi.<br />
5. amis Semdeg, neba darTeT “brmebs” moixsnan Tvalebze axveuli<br />
naWrebi da daaTvalieron parkSi Cawyobili nivTebi. sTxoveT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
159
partniorebs swrafad mimoixilon am periodSi miRebuli<br />
gamocdileba da siurprizebi.<br />
6. mieciT monawileebs ramodenime wuTi rolidan gamosasvlelad da<br />
Semdeg gadadiT III nawilze.<br />
nawili III. Jestebis ena<br />
1. uTxariT partniorebs gacvalon adgilebi: axla damxmare xdeba<br />
“invalidi” anu munji, xolo partniori - fizikurad janmrTeli<br />
damxmare.<br />
2. mieciT TiTo baraTi-situacia TiToeul invalids. maT ar unda<br />
aCvenon baraTi TavianT partniorebs. mieciT damxmareebs furceli<br />
da kalmistari.<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom munjma moTamaSeebma unda auxsnan TavianTi<br />
problema damxmareebs. maT ara aqvT laparakis, weris an xatvis<br />
ufleba. damxmareebma ki unda daweron ra gaiges, ra problemis<br />
axsnas cdilobda munji.<br />
4. rodesac “munji” moTamaSeebi SeZlebisdagvarad gadascemen<br />
informacias, maT unda aCvenon baraTi-roli TavianT damxmareebs.<br />
sTxoveT wyvilebs, mokled ganixilon TavianTi zraxvebi, problemebi<br />
da imedgacrueba.<br />
nawili IV. dabrkolebebis trasis gavla invalidis etliT<br />
1. uCveneT monawileebs dabrkolebebis trasa. ganmarteT, rom<br />
mogebulia is, vinc yvelaze swrafad gaivlis trasas.<br />
dabrkolebebTan Sejaxebaze dawesebulia jarima.<br />
2. daafiqsireT Sedegebi didi zomis furcelze.<br />
3. rodesac yvela monawile Seasrulebs savarjiSos am nawils,<br />
gamoacxadeT mokle Sesveneba da Semdeg gadadiT analizze da<br />
Sefasebaze<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
plenaruli sxdoma daiwyeT meore, mesame da meoTxe nawilebis<br />
mimoxilviT da Semdeg scadeT gaarkvioT ra icodnen monawileebma<br />
savarjiSos sawyis fazaSi, da ra iswavles savarjiSodan piradi<br />
gamocdilebeis Sedegad.<br />
1. daiwyeT II nawilis ganxilviT. kiTxeT orives – “brmas” da<br />
damxmares rogori iyo maTi reaqciebi da sTxoveT upasuxon Semdeg<br />
kiTxvebs:<br />
� ra SegrZneba hqonda TiToeul maTgans savarjiSos Sesrulebis<br />
dros?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze rTuli? sasacilo? saSiSi?<br />
� ramdenad rTuli iyo partnioris ndoba da ndobis mopoveba?<br />
� ramdenad zustad SeZles invalidebma parkSi moTavsebuli<br />
nivTebis gamocnoba? romel grZnobaTa organoebs daeyrdnen<br />
yvelaze metad? ramdenma gabeda boTlis/qilis gaxsna da<br />
sasmelis gasinjva?<br />
2. Semdeg gaagrZeleT III nawilis ganxilviT, Jestebis ena:<br />
� ra SegrZneba hqonda TiToeul maTgans savarjiSos Sesrulebis<br />
dros?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze rTuli? sasacilo? saSiSi?<br />
160 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� euflebodaT Tu ara sasowarkveTilebis grZnoba, rodesac maT<br />
miniSnebebs ver gebulobden?<br />
� grZnobdnen uxerxulobas, rodesac Jestebis enas ver<br />
gebulobdnen?<br />
3. Semdegi ganxilva eTmoba etlebiT rbolas:<br />
� rogori SegrZneba hqondaT monawileebs moZraobis SezRudvis<br />
gamo?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze rTuli? sasacilo? saSiSi?<br />
4. axla ki daubrundiT. savarjiSos SesavalSi monawileebisaTvis<br />
dasmul SekiTxvebs, sTxoveT TiToeul monawiles waikiTxos Tavisi<br />
Canawerebi<br />
� savarjiSos ganmavlobaSi dadasturda maTi romelime SiSi?<br />
� rogor cdilobdnen monawileebi TavianTi partniorebis<br />
daxmarebas?<br />
� rogor Rebulobdnen daxmarebas?<br />
� ramdenad advilia Seafaso, ra saxis daxmarebas elodebian<br />
Sengan da ra unda gasce?<br />
5. risi eSinodaT yvelaze metad monawileebs invalidad yofnasas? ras<br />
efuZneboda monawileebis SiSebi? dauflebiaT maT rodesme<br />
invalidobis SiSi, magaliTad, avtoavariis an avadmyofobis Sedegad?<br />
6. ra iyos yvelaze gasakviri, rac monawileebma Seityves savarjiSos<br />
dros?<br />
7. maT nacnobebSi aris vinme brma, yru-munji an invalidis etlze<br />
mijaWvuli? rogoria am adamianebis socialuri mdgomareoba? rogor<br />
reagireben sazogadoebis wevrebi maTze?<br />
8. gadaxedeT garemos SenobaSi da axlomaxlo quCebSi, ramdenad<br />
“keTilganwyobilia” is invalidebis mimarT?<br />
9. ra SeiZleba da ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili<br />
iyos invalidebis Tanasworuflebianoba da Rirseba?<br />
10. miekuTvneba invalidebis uflebebi adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebs?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi Camoyalibebuli<br />
uflebebidan, romelia yvelaze mniSvnelovani invalidebisaTvis?<br />
11. ra SeuZlia Tqvens skolas, asociacias an adgilobriv axalgazrdul<br />
jgufs gaakeTos invalidebis Tanasworuflebianobisa da Rirsebis<br />
dasacavad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
IV nawilSi ar gaakeToT dabrkolebebis trasa metismetad grZeli. mis<br />
gasavlelad sakmarisi unda iyos 2-3 wuTi, miTumetes, Tu mxolod 2-3<br />
etli gaqvT, radganac monawileebs mouwevT cda da, SeiZleba, mobezrdeT<br />
savarjiSo. SegiZliaT alternatiul improvizaciebs mimarToT<br />
monawileebisaTvis fizikuri SezRudvebis Seqmnis mizniT. magaliTad,<br />
SesTavazeT maT iaron ukuRma Cacmuli uzarmazari rezinis CeqmebiT.<br />
rogor warimarTeba savarjiSo, damokidebulia Tavad jgufze.<br />
darwmundiT, rom yvelas aqvs Segnebuli, rom maT mouwevT “realobis”<br />
sxvadasxva momentebis piradad gancda, rac maT saSualebas miscems<br />
igrZnon, Tu ras niSnavs invalidoba da reagireba moaxdinon masze.<br />
ganmarteT, rom savarjiSos mizania araa vinmes dacinva, an damatebiTi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
161
stresisa Tu dabneulobis Seqmna. maT unda iTamaSon “bunebrivad” da daicvan<br />
zomiereba. daarwmuneT monawileebi, rom mouxedavad garkveul momentebSi<br />
dauflebuli SiSisa da uxerxulobis grZnobisa, saziano an saxifaTo<br />
araferi SeemTxvevaT.<br />
Tu dro ara gaqvT yvela “realobis inscenirebisaTvis”, SeasruleT<br />
erTi an ori. savarjiSoSi warmodgenil yvela gancdebs Soris, yvelaze<br />
rTuli da mZime, albaT, “brmis” rolis Sesrulebaa. amdenad, Tu mxolod<br />
erTi nawilis inscenirebas apirebT, rekomendirebulia swored am nawilis<br />
Sesruleba. monawileebs gaacvlevineT erTmaneTSi rolebi, raTa orivem<br />
gamoscados invalidobis grZnoba. gaxsovdeT, rom am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa<br />
gamosacnobi nivTebis meore kompleqti.<br />
savarjiSo seriozulia, magram unda moelodeT bevr sasacilo<br />
situacias. dae ase iyos. Tavi valdebulad CaTvaleT CaerioT an komentari<br />
gaakeToT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu xedavT, rom vinmes fizikuri safrTxe<br />
Seeqmna, an monawileebi damcinav SeniSvnebs akeTeben invalidebis misamarTiT.<br />
am sakiTxebze, SeiZleba, yuradReba gaamaxviloT analizisa da Sefasebis<br />
nawilSic konkretuli SekiTxvebis saSualebiT. magaliTad, ra SemTxvevaSi<br />
dascinis xalxi invalidebs? vin akeTebs amas da ratom? ra SemTxvevaSia<br />
dasaSvebi invalidebze xumroba? rogor xedaven isini zRvars karg iumorsa<br />
da Seuracyofas Soris?<br />
variantebi<br />
SegiZliaT moaxdinoT bevri sxva saxis invalidobis simulacia, naklebad<br />
TvalSisacemi invalidobis CaTvliT. magaliTad, swavlasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
an metyvelebis sirTuleebi, iqidan gamomdinare, Tu ra aris yvelaze axlos<br />
Tqveni jgufis realobasTan. kidev erTi variantia asakobrivi invalidobis<br />
inscenireba. aman SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos axalgazrdebis Segnebis amaRlebas<br />
moxucebis mimarT da maTTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis arsebobas an<br />
ararsebobas.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu bavSvebTan muSaobT kargi iqneboda gadagexedaT bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
konvenciis 23 muxlisaTvis, romelic acxadebs, rom invalid bavSvebs aqvT<br />
sagangebo zrunvis, ganaTlebisa da wvrTnis ufleba, rac daexmareba maT<br />
srulyofili da Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis SeqmnaSi. SegiZliaT<br />
sTxovoT jgufs gaikiTxon nacnobebSi (ojaxis CaTvliT) invalidebis<br />
arsebobis Sesaxeb. SeuZliaT dainteresdnen ra momsaxureobaze da<br />
daxmarebebze miuwvdebaT xeli am adamianebs. arian invalidi bavSvebi maT<br />
skolaSi, axalgazrdul jgufSi an asociaciaSi? SeuZliaT am bavSvebs iseve<br />
moiqcnen, rogorc yvela danarCeni? Tu ara, ratom?<br />
Tu jgufi moisurvebs gaigos rogor daupirispirdnen iseTi saxis<br />
diskriminaciis problemebs, rogoricaa rasobrivi diskriminacia, SeuZliaT<br />
Seasrulon savarjiSo “rasizmis mogerieba” (gv. 247).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
162 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
jgufma SeiZleba aRmoaCinos daucveli moqalaqeebis jgufi da<br />
gaarkvios, riTi SeuZliaT maTi daxmareba. ideebisa da rCevebisaTvis<br />
mimarTeT saxelmZRvanelos mesame Tavs - “moqmedebaze gadasvla” (gv. 341).<br />
mniSvnelovania im organizaciebTan erTad muSaoba, romlebic CarTulni arian<br />
invalidobis problemebSi. daxmareba ganaxorcieleT im saWiroebebis<br />
uzrunvelyofiT, romlebsac Tavad invalidebi asaxeleben prioritetulad.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebSi invalidebis uflebebze zrunva da maTi dacva<br />
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebulia. amis mizezad ekonomikuri problemebi<br />
saxeldeba, magram realuri mizezi ufro metad dakavSirebulia<br />
Tanasworuflebianobisa da socialuri solidarobis mimarT seriozuli<br />
damokidebulebis ararsebobsTan. magaliTad, sasmeni aparatis Rirebuleba<br />
SeiZleba iyos an ar iyos dafaruli socialuri dacvis sistemis mier.<br />
damatebiTi specialuri satelekomunikacio teqnologiebi SeiZleba<br />
uzrunvelyon an ar uzrunvelyon yruebisaTvis, da Tu vinmes dasWirdeba<br />
eleqtronuli etli, zogjer sazogadoeba, an mTavroba ixdis mis safasurs.<br />
invalidebis mimarT diskriminaciis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT 440<br />
gverdze, - diskriminaciisa da qsenofobiis Sesaxeb SemoTavazebul bazisur<br />
informaciaSi. informacia paralimpiuri TamaSebis Sesaxeb mocemulia<br />
sportisa da adamianis uflebebis bazisur informaciaSi 492 gverdze.<br />
SeniSvna: es savarjiSo SemogvTavaza doqtor monika madaim, ungruli arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciis, “saerTo bedis”, prezidentma. („kiozoS SorS“), romelic muSaobs<br />
invalidebis socialuri integraciis sakiTxebze. is aseve aris ungreTis invalidTa<br />
saqmeebis erovnuli sabWos wevri, romelic warmoadgens ungreTs Rehabilitataion<br />
International-Si, is aseve aris axalgazrduli programebis saerTaSoriso<br />
instruqtori. Tavad dabadebidan invalidia.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
situacia 1<br />
scadeT usityvod auxsnaT Tqvens megobars, rom Tqven Zaladobis msxverpli gaxdiT. axalgazrda<br />
`skinhedebis~ jgufi Tavs dagesxaT parkSi, wagarTvaT CanTa da gcemaT. hkiTxeT megobars<br />
sad aris policiis ganyofileba.<br />
Tqven ara gaqvT raimes Tqmis, daweris an daxatvis ufleba.<br />
situacia 2.<br />
Tqven kafeSi xarT, SeiZleba iyos es skolaSi an evropuli axalgazrdobis centrSi<br />
arsebuli kafe. dasuraTebuli auxseniT mzareuls, rom TamaSebi Tqven ar WamT spagets “boloniez”-is sousiT,<br />
radganac vegetarianeli xarT. Tqven ara Tu xorcs miirTmevT, aramed rZis yvelanair<br />
foto ambobs aTas sityvas da fotoaparati ar ityueba – an iqneb<br />
produqtzec uars ambobT (anu rZe, kvercxi an yveli).<br />
ityueba?<br />
Tqven ara gaqvT raimes Tqmis, daweris an daxatvis ufleba.
adamianis uflebebi<br />
media<br />
diskriminacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 1<br />
nebismieri<br />
30 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, media, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia<br />
done 1<br />
nebismieri<br />
30 wuTi<br />
vizualur gamosaxulebebTan muSaoba SemoqmedebiTi<br />
da saxalisoa. is kargi “yinulmWrelia”<br />
kontaqtebis damyarebisas da, amave dros, aqvs<br />
sakuTari Rirsebebi. exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� stereotipebi<br />
� ramdenad Taviseburad aRiqvams TiToeuli<br />
pirovneba samyaros<br />
� rogori vizualuri saxeebis gamoyenebaa Sesa-<br />
Zlebeli informaciisa da dezinformaciisaTvis<br />
� nebismieri: im suraTebidan da sakiTxebidan<br />
gamomdinare, romlebsac airCevT gansaxilvelad.<br />
� adamianis uflebebis aqtualobaze yuradRebis<br />
gamaxvileba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
� “vizualuri ganaTlebis”, mosmenisa da<br />
komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� adamianuri Rirsebis mimarT pativiscemisa da<br />
TanagrZnobis ganviTareba.<br />
1. ras xedavT?<br />
� fotoebis kompleqti<br />
� muyaos qaRaldi, webo, webovani lenti<br />
(survilis mixedviT)<br />
� dafa, didi zomis furclebi, markerebi<br />
� kedlis cxrili adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaraciis muxlebis CamonaTvaliT (teqsti<br />
gadmotanilia 458 gverdze mocemuli<br />
deklaraciis Semoklebuli variantidan)<br />
� SeagroveT sxvadasxva qveynis moqalaqeebis,<br />
sxvadasxva garemoSi gadaRebuli 25 foto.<br />
� daawebeT fotoebi muyaos qaRaldze da dafareT<br />
webovani lentiT meti gamZleobisaTvis<br />
(survilis mixedviT)<br />
� danomreT fotosuraTebi<br />
1. gaSaleT oTaxSi fotoebi magidebze.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs imuSaon individualurad.<br />
164 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
3. waikiTxeT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis erTi muxli<br />
da dawereT dafaze/did furcelze.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs daaTvalieron fotoebi da airCion erT-erTi,<br />
romelic, maTi azriT, yvelaze ukeT asaxavs wakiTxul muxls.<br />
5. sTxoveT TiToeul monawiles rigrigobiT axsnan romeli foto<br />
airCies da ratom.<br />
6. miaqcieT yuradReba, romeli fotoebi iyo arCeuli; dawereT nomrebi<br />
dafaze.<br />
7. gaimeoreT es 4-5 raundad sxvadasxva muxlis gamoyenebiT adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciidan. (airCieT samoqalaqo da<br />
politikuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis kombinaciebi).<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT Tavad savarjiSos mimoxilviT da, Semdeg, gadadiT msjelobaze,<br />
Tu ra iswavles axalgazrdebma.<br />
� iyo, Tu ara, sxvadasxva uflebebis warmosadgenad fotoebis arCeva<br />
rTuli? sxvadasxva raundebSi monawileebma airCies sxvadasxva<br />
fotoebi, Tu maT CaTvales rom pirvelma an meore fotom mTlianad<br />
amowura maTi saTqmeli?<br />
� airCies sxvadasxva monawileebma erTidaigive fotoebi sxvadasxva<br />
raundSi, Tu Zalian gansxvavebuli azrebi hqondaT uflebebis<br />
vizualur asaxvasTan dakavSirebiT? ras gveubneba es TiToeuli<br />
Cvenganis mier danaxul samyaroze?<br />
� ganixileT dafaze warmodgenili cxrili. romel fotoebs irCevdnen<br />
yvelaze xSirad? ra iyo gansakuTrebuli am fotoebSi? ratom<br />
irCevdnen am fotoebs yvelaze xSirad? hqonda raime mniSvneloba<br />
fers an zomas, Tu gadamwyveti mniSvneloba fotoze aRbeWdil<br />
gamosaxulebas eniWeboda?<br />
� iyo romelime konkretuli foto arCeuli ramodenime uflebis<br />
sailustraciod?<br />
� iyo SemTxvevebi, roca vinme ar eTanxmeboda romelime monawilis<br />
interpretacias konkretul suraTTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
� iyo iseTi fotoebi, romlebic arasodes aurCeviaT? miuxedavad<br />
amisa, SeiZleboda maTi gamoyeneba adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sailustraciod? konkretulad romeli uflebis? monawileebma unda<br />
ganmarton TavianTi arCevanis mizezebi.<br />
� icodnen moTamaSeebma, rom miniWebuli hqondaT is uflebebi,<br />
romlebsac savarjiSo Seexo? Tu ara, konkretulad romeli<br />
ufleba iyo aseTi?<br />
� rogor iyenebs da, rogor manipulirebs media fotoebiT? airCieT<br />
romelime mimdinare movlena da gaanalizeT, rogora warmodgenili<br />
gazeTebSi da televiziaSi. rogor iyo warmodgenili maTTan<br />
dakavSirebuli uflebebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
araviTari SezRudva ar arsebobs, erTidaigive foto ramdenjerme<br />
SeiZleba iyos arCeuli. romelime konkretuli gamosaxuleba SeiZleba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
165
arCeuli iqnas ramdenjerme erT raundSic da sxvadasxva raundebSic. sxva<br />
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, is SeiZleba asaxierebdes erT romelime muxls<br />
adamianTa erTi jgufisaTvis, an sxva muxlebs adamianTa meore jgufisaTvis.<br />
fotoebis sakuTari koleqciis Sesaqmnelad, damatebiTi<br />
informaciisaTvis mimarTeT saxelmZRvanelos nawils “rogor visargebloT<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>T” (gv. 46). suraTebi SegiZliaT SeagrovoT feradi Jurnalebidan,<br />
turistuli broSurebidan, Zveli kalendrebidan, da safosto baraTebidan.<br />
fotoebs ar unda axldes raime teqsti. SegiZliaT CainiSnoT suraTebze<br />
gakeTebuli minawerebi, an raime Tanmxlebi informacia, raTa upasuxoT<br />
SekiTxvebs. fotoebi unda asaxavdnen “miwieri cxovrebis” mravalmxriv<br />
aspeqtebs, sxvadasxva asakis, kulturisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone<br />
adamianebis individualur da jgufur gamosaxulebebs. unda asaxavdes<br />
mrewvelobasa da soflis meurneobas, soflisa da qalaqis cxovrebas,<br />
adamianebs dasvenebisa da muSaobis procesSi. fotoebis danomvris dros, ar<br />
ecadoT maT dawyobas raime TanmimdevrobiT. danomvris daniSnuleba mxolod<br />
da mxolod fotoebTan muSaobis gaadvilebaa.<br />
Tu ramdenad dagWirdebaT monawileebisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva<br />
suraTebis analizis procesSi, damokidebuli iqneba jgufis “vizualuri<br />
aRqmis” unarze. SesaZloa, saWirod CaTvaloT savarjiSos dawyeba erTi an<br />
ori suraTis erToblivi analiziT. “damatebiT informaciaSi”<br />
SemoTavazebuli SekiTxvebi, SesaZloa, gamoyenebul iqnas saxelmZRvanelod.<br />
variantebi<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs airCion erTi foto, romelic maTi azriT yvelaze<br />
kargad asaxavs adamianis uflebebis arss. rodesac yvela gaakeTebs Tavis<br />
arCevans, sTxoveT ganmarton mizezebi.<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
iqiraveT fotoaparati, an SeiZineT erTjeradi fotoaparati, raTa<br />
gadaiRoT fotoebi proeqtisaTvis “adamianis uflebebaTa xedva” Tqven<br />
sazogadoebaSi.<br />
vizualuri gamosaxulebebi iqmneba ara marto suraTebidan, aramed<br />
situaciebidan da movlenebidan gamomdinare. dae, Tqvenma jgufma `dainaxos”<br />
diskriminaciis problema savarjiSos - “gadadgi nabiji win” saSualebiT (gv.<br />
124).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
gaakeTeT proeqtisaTvis “adamianis uflebaTa xedva” gadaRebuli<br />
fotoebis gamofena. SegiZliaT isargebloT plakatebis Seqmnis ideebiT,<br />
roblebic SemoTavazebulia plakatebis gamofenis organizebis nawilSi -<br />
“sxva dasuraTebuli TamaSebi”.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
“vizualuri aRqma” aris unari, romelsac sWirdeba swavla da, romelic<br />
moiTxovs ganviTarebas. wera-kiTxvis dauflebaSi igulisxmeba anbanis asoebis<br />
166 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
amocnobis da dawerili sityvis wakiTxvis unari. Tumca terminis<br />
mniSvneloba amiT ar amoiwureba. igi moicavs agreTve, analizis,<br />
cnobierebisa da teqstis sruli interpretaciis unars. analogiurad,<br />
“vizualur aRqmaSi” igulisxmeba gamosaxulebis “wakiTxvis” unari. suraTis<br />
amgvari “wakiTxvisaTvis” aucilebelia icodeT vin Seqmna es gamosaxuleba<br />
da, ratom Seqmna swored aseTi, anu ra amoZravebda avtors. garda amisa,<br />
yuradReba unda miaqcioT fotosuraTis emociur zemoqmedebas, mis gavlenas<br />
sagnisadmi Tqvens damokidebulebaze. 79 gverdze gamosaxuli<br />
“uflebebisaTvis mebrZolTa” fotoebis daTvalierebisas, SegiZliaT dasvaT<br />
kiTxvebi:<br />
fotokameris obieqti: vin, ra, sad da rodis?<br />
� vin aris gamosaxuli suraTze; ra asakis, sqesis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
qonebrivi statusis mqonea es pirovneba?<br />
� raze metyvelebs maTi poza da saxis gamometyveleba?<br />
� icis pirovnebam, rom mas suraTs uReben? bunebrivad uWiravs Tavi,<br />
Tu poziorobs? fotosuraTis foni harmoniulad erwymis adamianis<br />
gamosaxulebas, Tu kontrasts qmnis masTan?<br />
� ras akeTeben isini? Cveulebriv saqmianoben Tu raime gansakuTrebuls<br />
akeTeben?<br />
� ra STabeWdilebas axdens es pirovneba Tqvenze? dadebiTs Tu<br />
uaryofiTs? TanaugrZnobT am adamians, Tu gulgrili xarT mis<br />
mimarT?<br />
konteqsti<br />
� sad daibeWda suraTi pirvelad? gazeTSi, JurnalSi Tu turistul<br />
broSuraSi? sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, is gamoiyenes<br />
informaciisaTvis, gayidvisaTvis Tu propagandisaTvis? Tu kidevaa<br />
raime sxva?<br />
� aris suraTi dasaTaurebuli, an axlavs raime teqsturi informacia,<br />
romelic mianiSnebs risi gadmocema surda avtors?<br />
teqnikuri detalebi<br />
� feradia suraTi Tu Sav-TeTri? feri gavlenas axdens Tqvens aRqmis<br />
unarze? STabeWdileba ufro Zlieri iqneboda, suraTi rom didi<br />
zomis yofiliyo?<br />
� STambeWdavia is rakursi, romliTac suraTia gadaRebuli?<br />
� ra specefeqtebi iyo gamoyenebuli, magaliTad, rbili ganaTeba an<br />
fokusireba? ratom?<br />
� aris gamosaxuleba retuSirebuli? cruobs suraTi? gamosaxuleba<br />
asaxavs imas, rac realurad iyo fotografis winaSe suraTis<br />
gadaRebis momentSi, Tu kompiuteris saSualebiTaa damuSavebuli?<br />
(magaliTad, imisaTvis, rom obieqti gamoiyurebodes ufro<br />
efeqturad?)<br />
vin gadaiRo foto?<br />
� ra urTierToba aqvT fotografsa da mis obieqts?<br />
� simpatiiT aris fotografi ganwyobili obieqtebis mimarT?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
167
168<br />
� foto profesionaluria, Tu moyvarulis gadaRebulia?<br />
� ratom undoda fotografs suraTis gadaReba? ra iyo misi motivacia?<br />
� risi Tqma undodaT maT CvenTvis am fotoTi?<br />
daskvnisaTvis, ra vizualuri simboloebi da stereotipebi gamoicaniT<br />
fotoze? magaliTad, martin luTer kingi, rogorc politikuri figura,<br />
romelic Tavis xalxs miuZRveba, an ngavang sangdroli, rogorc tibeteli<br />
glexi? ratom airCies am saxelmZRvanelos redaqtorebma es fotoebi<br />
savarjiSoSi gamosayeneblad? ra STabeWddilebas axdens suraTebi masze<br />
gamosaxuli pirovnebebis mimarT Tqvens damokidebulebaze? amateben isini<br />
raimes im azrs, romelic Tqven SegeqmnaT maT Sesaxeb, teqstis wakiTxvis<br />
dros? rogor? ratom?<br />
informaciis wyaro: informacia adaptirebulia wignidan “FOCUS FOR CHANGE” (klasobrivi,<br />
genderuli da rasobrivi uTanasworoba da media saerTaSoriso konteqstSi) “FOCUS FOR<br />
CHANGE”., 1992 (London Street #103, Reading , Berkshere RGI 4QA, England )<br />
masala/momzadeba<br />
2. ras xedavT panCos naxatebSi?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� gaakeTeT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli (ixile Tavi 5) panCos yvela<br />
ilustraciebis aslebi. Tu SesaZlebelia gaadideT isini<br />
� gaakeTeT fotoebis aslebis meore kompleqti, TiToeuli orive<br />
jgufisaTvis<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire jufebad<br />
2. mieciT TiToeul jgufs panCos ilustraciebis kompleqti da<br />
sTxoveT maT daakvirdnen yvela fotos da, Semdeg, airCion maTgan<br />
erT-erTi, romelic, raime mizeziT, yvelaze Mmetad moewonaT.<br />
3. mas Semdeg, rac yvela gaakeTebs Tavis arCevans, rigrigobiT unda<br />
axsnan amis mizezi, Semdegi detalebis dazustebiT:<br />
� ras eubneba maT es karikatura.<br />
� ratom airCies konkretulad es suraTi.<br />
� rogor exmianeba is maT problemebs da realobas.<br />
� ra kavSirs xedaven isini am suraTebsa da adamianis uflebebs<br />
Soris.<br />
4. TiToeuli monawilis gamosvlis Semdeg, jgufis danarCenma wevrebma<br />
unda gaakeTon komentarebi.<br />
5. rodesac yvela gamoTqvams azrs, moiwvieT monawileebi plenarul<br />
sxdomaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs mokle komentaris gakeTeba TavianTi zogadi<br />
STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb da gaagrZeleT im SekiTxvebiT, romlebic aRwerili<br />
iyo pirvel dasuraTebul TamaSSi, “ras xedavT?” (gv. 162).<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
panCos ilustraciebis gamoyeneba SegiZliaT sxvagvaradac. magaliTad,<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs gaakeTon minawerebi, an amoSaleT replikis teqstebi<br />
da, sTxoveT, Tavad daweron isini. miaqcieT monawileebis yuradReba<br />
mxatvris saavtoro uflebebis mniSvnelovnebas.<br />
3. suraTis nawilebi<br />
masala/momzadeba<br />
� amoiarCieT suraTebi, romlebic gamoxataven ubralo situacias.<br />
gaWeriT isini or nawilad ise, rom mnaxvelma sruliad<br />
gansxavavebulad warmoidginos situacia. CadeT suraTebis<br />
kompleqtebi cal-calke konvertebSi. TiToeul monawileze<br />
dagWirdebaT TiTo kompleqti.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dawyvildnen<br />
2. mieciT TiToeul wyvils 2 konverti<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
169
3. uTxariT, rom morigeobiT gaxsnan konvertebi da TavianT<br />
partniorebs miscen konvertidan amoRebuli suraTis erTi nawili.<br />
amis Semdeg partniorma unda Tqvas, rogor fiqrobs, ra xdeba<br />
suraTze, vin aris obieqti da ras akeTebs is.<br />
4. Semdeg pirvelma monawilem unda gadasces mas meore nawili da<br />
kiTxos, Tu ra xdeba suraTze axla, rodesac ukve sruli<br />
gamosaxuleba aqvs xelT.<br />
5. gadadiT mokle analizze:<br />
� ra siurprizebi SegxvdaT?<br />
� ramdenad xSirad eTanxmebian adamianebi fotoze mocemul<br />
gamosaxulebas da aviwydebaT, rom es mxolod erTi kadria?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tqven SegiZliaT am savarjiSos, rogorc `yinulmWrelis~ gamoyeneba.<br />
SegiZliaT ufro Sors waxvideT da sTxovoT wyvilebs gacvalon suraTebi<br />
da gaimeoroT savarjiSo kidev erTxel. gauadvildaT Tu ara monawileebs<br />
savarjiSos xelmeored Sesruleba, Tu ufro rTuli aRmoCnda? ratom?<br />
4. minawerebi fotosuraTebze<br />
masala/momzadeba<br />
� danomrili suraTebi<br />
� TiTo furceli da pasta monawileze<br />
� makrateli da lenti<br />
� didi zomis furclebi (A3) an dafis furclebi. furclebi<br />
dagWirdebaT imdeni, ramdeni suraTic gaqvT.<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. gaSaleT fotoebi magidaze da sTxoveT monawileebs calke, an<br />
wyvilebad gaakeTon minawerebi TiToeuli fotosaTvis, rac SeiZleba<br />
lamazi xelweriT, radganac bolos mouxdebaT misi amoWra da<br />
fotoebze mikvra.<br />
2. rodesac yvelaferi mzad iqneba, aiReT suraTebi saTiTaod da<br />
sTxoveT moxaliseebs waikiTxon TavianTi minawerebi.<br />
3. miawebeT suraTi did furcelze da sTxoveT monawileebs garSemo<br />
miakran TavianTi minawerebi raTa sabolood Seiqmnas plakati.<br />
4. miakariT plakatebi kedelze.<br />
5. gadadiT sxvadasxva suraTebisa da minawerebis mokle mimoxilvaze<br />
� ramdenad rTuli iyo minawerebis gakeTeba?<br />
� ris mixedviT aris minawerebi kargi?<br />
� Tuki suraTi cvlis aTas sityvas, raRa saWiroa minawerebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
170 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
21 marti<br />
poeziis<br />
saerTaSori
feradi furclebisa da kalmistrebis gamoyeneba plakatebs ufro<br />
mimzidvels gaxdis. TiToeuli suraTisaTvis ramodenime gansxvavebuli<br />
minaweris gakeTebis meTodi sainetersoa da xels uwyobs ideebis<br />
mravalferovnebas. monawileebi erTvebian da emzadebian saintereso<br />
diskusiisaTvis. minawerebi idealuri saSualebaa imis demonstrirebisaTvis,<br />
rom TiToeuli pirovneba samyaros Taviseburad xedavs, rac pativiscemas<br />
imsaxurebs.<br />
5. personaJTa replikebi<br />
masala/momzadeba<br />
� TiTo suraTi TiTo wyvilisaTvis (2-ma an metma wyvilma unda<br />
miiRos erTidaigive suraTi)<br />
� erTi furceli da kalmistari or adamianze<br />
� webo<br />
instruqciebi<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dawyvildnen. gadaeciT maT suraTebi,<br />
furclebi da kalmistrebi<br />
2. sTxoveT maT gaanalizon vin, ra, rodis, sad, da rogoraa<br />
gamosaxuli fotoze.<br />
3. uTxariT daawebon suraTi furcelze da personaJebisaTvis daweron<br />
replikebi.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs erTmaneTs gaacnon TavianTi namuSevari da<br />
Semdeg gadadiT mokle analizze:<br />
� ramdenad rTuli iyo suraTis analizi da replikebis dawera?<br />
� im wyvilebisaTvis, romlebsac erTi da igive suraTi hqondaT –<br />
ra gansxvaveba da msgavsebaa Tqvens mier gakeTebul analizSi?<br />
� ra stereotipebi aRmoaCines monawileebma fotoebze da<br />
replikebSi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
ar aris aucilebeli SemofargloT jgufi adamianebis fotosuraTebiT.<br />
ratomac ar unda CarToT cxovelebis suraTebi? es gansakuTrebiT nayofieri<br />
iqneba Tu gsurT, rom jgufma isaubros stereotipebis Sesaxeb. SegiZliaT<br />
daiwyoT imaze miTiTebiT, rom cxovelebis stereotipebi xSirad gamoiyeneba<br />
multfilmebSi/karikaturebSi da Semdeg mieciT jgufs saSualeba gadaxedon<br />
stereotipebis magaliTebs TavianT suraTebsa da replikebSi.<br />
vin varT me?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
171
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
diskriminacia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
8 da meti<br />
25 wuTi<br />
me iseTi var, rogoric me var, Sen xar iseTi, rogoric Sen xar, is<br />
aris iseTi, rogoric is aris,...… magram erTad, Cven bevri saerTo<br />
gvaqvs!<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 2<br />
8 da meti<br />
25 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo moicavs wyvilebad muSaobas (buzz<br />
groups), gonebriv Sturms, xatvas da jgufur<br />
diskusias pirovnulobis gansxvavebuli mxareebis<br />
Sesaswavlad<br />
� pativisa da Rirsebis Tanasworoba,<br />
diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis ufleba<br />
� sakuTari da sxvebis individualuroba<br />
gacnobiereba<br />
� ra gvaerTianebs sxva adamianebTan<br />
� solidarobisa da pativiscemis damkvidreba<br />
� feradi kalmistrebi da markerebi, Tu<br />
SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva feris kalmistari<br />
yvela monawilisaTvis<br />
� erTi furceli TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
� dafis furclebi da markerebi<br />
1. moTelvisaTvis, sTxoveT monawileebs dawyvildnen da Seqmnan<br />
sadiskusio jgufebi (buzz groups). sTxoveT Tavi warmoidginon<br />
ucnobebad da gaecnon erTmaneTs.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs, imsjelon, risi codnaa saintereso da<br />
mniSvnelovani pirovnebis Sesaxeb, romelsac pirvelad xvdebian da<br />
ifiqreT Sesabamisi informaciis zogad kategoriebze. magaliTad,<br />
saxeli, asaki, sqesi, erovneba, ojaxis roli, religia, genderuli<br />
statusi, eTnikuri warmomavloba, samsaxuri/swavla, musikaluri<br />
gemovneba, hobi, sporti, zogadi simpatiebi da antipatiebi, da sxv.<br />
3. axla ganmarteT, rom monawileebma unda gaarkvion, ra aqvT saerTo<br />
sxva wevrebTan. daarigeT furclebi da kalmistrebi da ganmarteT,<br />
rom pirvel etapze, TiToeulma maTganma unda gamoxatos Tavisi<br />
pirovneba naxatis saSualebiT. unda warmoidginon sakuTari Tavi<br />
varskvlavebad, romelTa pirovnuli aspeqtebi sinaTles asxiveben<br />
sazogadoebaSi. sTxoveT monawileebs moifiqron maTi pirovnulobis<br />
172 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
8-dan 10-mde yvelaze mniSvnelovani aspeqti da daxaton piradi<br />
varskvlavi.<br />
4. ganumarteT monawileebs Camoiaron oTaxSi da Seadaron TavianTi<br />
varskvlavebi. rodesac Sexvdebian vinmes, romelTanac saerTo aqvT<br />
Rimili an sxivi, iqve unda miaweron am pirovnebis saxeli.<br />
(magaliTad, Tu jens da parvezs orives aqvT “reperis” Rimili,<br />
orivem unda daweros erTmaneTis saxeli Rimilis gaswvriv).<br />
amocanis Sesasruleblad gamoyaviT 15 wuTi.<br />
5. SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze da hkiTxeT monawileebs, ramdenad<br />
individualuri iyo TiToeuli maTgani. SeiZleba ikiTxoT:<br />
� romeli pirovnuli aspeqtebi iyo saerTo monawileebisaTvis da<br />
romeli unikaluri?<br />
� ramdenad msgavsni da gansxvavebulebi arian jgufis wevrebi?<br />
6. da bolos, ifiqreT jgufTan erTad pirovnulobis im aspeqtebze,<br />
romlebsac xalxi irCevs da iZens cxovrebis manZilze da, romelic<br />
Tandayolilia. CamowereT dasaxelebuli aspeqtebi or svetad<br />
dafaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
axla gadadiT msjelobaze, Tu ra Seityves monawileebma axali sakuTari<br />
Tavis da erTmaneTis Sesaxeb da ra kavSiri aqvs amas adamianis uflebebze?<br />
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
� ra Seityves monawileebma axali sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb? Zneli<br />
mosafiqrebeli iyo maTi individualurobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
aspeqtebi?<br />
� monawileebi gakvirvebuli darCnen varskvlavebis Sedarebis Sedegad?<br />
hqondaT ufro meti, an naklebi saerTo Tvisebebi, vidre moelodnen?<br />
� rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina monawileebze jgufis<br />
mravalferovnebam? maTi azriT gaxada aman jgufSi yofna ufro<br />
saintereso, Tu ufro gaarTula erToblivi muSaoba?<br />
� arsebobda romelime monawilis pirovnulobis iseTi aspeqtebi,<br />
romelzec monawileebs dabejiTebiT SeeZloT eTqvaT ~me aseTi ara<br />
var~? magaliTad, me ara var fexburTis fani, an teqno musikis fani,<br />
ZaRlebis moyvaruli, homoseqsuali an qristiani.<br />
� rogor yalibdeba pirovnuloba? romeli aspeqtebia socialurad<br />
konstruirebuli da romeli Tandayolili, an ucvleli?<br />
� kerZod, genderul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, romeli aspeqtebia<br />
socialurad konstruirebuli da, romeli Tandayolili an<br />
ucvleli. daweres monawileebma sityvebi _ ~biWi~ an ~gogo~? ra<br />
asociaciebs iwvevs es sityvebi? asociaciebi msgavsia orive<br />
sqesisTvis an yvela gogosTvis da biWisTvis?<br />
� rogoria adamianTa Sefasebis xarisxi individuluri Tvisebebis<br />
mixedviT da, rogori sxvadsxva jgufebTan kuTvnilebis mixedviT?<br />
� ra azris arian monawileebi sakuTari pirovnuli Tvisebebis arCevis<br />
Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb? ra aris amis Sedegebi maTTvis da maTi<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT, adamianis Tanasworobisa da<br />
pativis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
173
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
7 agvisto<br />
transgenderuli<br />
uflebebisa da<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
174<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSos saxelwodeba ar aris arasawori! is gaTvlilia<br />
monawileebis dasabnevad.<br />
~moTelvis~ etapze, SeiZleba, zogierT monawiles misceT garkveuli<br />
rCevebi azrovnebis swor kalapotSi gadasayvanad. SeiZleba, magaliTad<br />
moiyvanoT sakuTari Tavi, an gamogonili pirovneba, magaliTad, olena, qali,<br />
ukraineli, deda, coli, maswavlebeli, mogzauri, musikis moyvaruli.<br />
yvela monawilisaTvis sxvadasxva feris kalmistris micema mianiSnebs,<br />
rom yvela adamiani unikaluria da, rom jgufi Sedgeba pirovnebebis mTeli<br />
cisartyelisagan. (analogia SeiZleba gakeTdes samxreT afrikasTan, romelic<br />
sakuTar Tavs uwodebs ”er-cisartyelas”, anu sxvadasxva feris<br />
adamianebisagan Semdgar ers). Tu didi jgufi gyavT da or, an met<br />
monawiles uxdeba erTi da igive feris kalmistriT sargebloba, maSin<br />
sTxoveT gamoiyenon weris gansxvavebuli stili.<br />
survilisamebr, SegiZliaT savarjiSo ufro gaarTuloT da SesTavazoT<br />
monawileebs daxaton piradi varskvlavebi ufro grZeli, an mokle sxivebiT,<br />
imis mixedviT, ramdenad sazogadod, an individualurad miiCneven<br />
pirovnulobis ama Tu im aspeqts. grZeli sxivi ufro Rrmad aRwevs<br />
sazogadoebaSi da, amdenad, ufro metad sazogadoa.<br />
daskvniTi gonebrivi Sturmis Catarebisas, SesaZloa aRiniSnos qvemoT<br />
CamoTvlili aspeqtebi (meeeqvse safexurze):<br />
� individualuri aspeqtebi, romlis arCevac Tavad SemiZlia: saxeli,<br />
megobari, samsaxuri, politikuri partiis wevroba, sayvareli<br />
musika, Cacmis stili, fexburTis gundi, sacxovrebeli adgili.<br />
� Tandayolili individualuri aspeqtebi: sqesi, asaki, simaRle,<br />
Tvalis feri.<br />
� individualurobis zogierTi aspeqti, albaT, gamoiwvevs azrTa<br />
sxvadasxvaobas, magaliTad., erovnuloba, genderi da seqsualuri<br />
orientacia, religia, umciresobaTa jgufis wevroba.<br />
diskusiis procesSi individualurobis Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb,<br />
socialurad konstruirebuli aspeqtebisa da memkvidreobiT miRebuli, an<br />
SeZenili aspeqtebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba warmoiSvas winaaRmdegobebi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, Tu es exeba religiur da genderul aspeqtebs. albaT, Rirs<br />
hkiTxoT monawileebs aRzrdis procesis Sesaxeb da, rogor Seicvala<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi maTi individualurobis garkveuli aspeqtebi. SesaZloa,<br />
is aspeqtebic ki, romlebic maT ucvleli egonaT.<br />
SeiZleba, moisurvoT diskusiidan daskvnebis gamotana. magaliTad, Cven<br />
yvela adamianebi varT, moniWebuli gvaqvs uflebeb, romelTa Cuqeba, an<br />
warTmeva SeuZlebeblia, rasis, kanis feris, sakuTrebis, dabadebis adgilis<br />
an raime sxva statusis miuxedavad.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
savarjiSo SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sxva diskusiebis SesavlisaTvis.<br />
magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa univesalobis sakiTxebi, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, bavSvis uflebebi, moqalaqeoba.<br />
Tu jgufs survili aqvs ufro Rrmad Cawvdes pirovnulobisa da<br />
genderul sakiTxebs, SesaZloa, moewonoT savarjiSo „gmirebi“ (gverdi 148).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
eleqtrosadguri<br />
dae, am eleqtrosadgurma gamoimuSavos dadebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
energia!<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba, moqalaqeoba, adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi.<br />
done 3<br />
10 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
Zalaufleba xSirad asocirdeba ZaladobasTan.<br />
savarjiSoSi SemoqmebebiTi jgufuri muSaobis<br />
CarCoebSi banixileba Temebi:<br />
� Zaladoba sazogadoebaSi da<br />
� Zaladobis problemebis gadaWris gzebi<br />
� pirovnuli usafrTxoebis ufleba<br />
� diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� piradi cxovrebis, Rirsebisa da pativis dacvis<br />
ufleba<br />
� cnobierebis ganviTareba Zaladobis gamoxatulebisa<br />
da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebis Sesaxeb<br />
� TanamSromlobisa da jgufuri muSaobis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� Zaladobis problemebis SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetis<br />
gzebis Ziebaze pasuxismgeblobis aReba.<br />
� Salis grZeli naWeri, an oTaxis sigrZis Toki<br />
� makrateli<br />
� A4 zomis furclebi – 6 cali TiTo monawileze<br />
sakmarisi unda iyos.<br />
� erTi markeri TiToeuli monawilisaTvis.<br />
� zari (arCeviTi)<br />
� 2 oTaxi (araa aucilebebli, magram sasurvelia)<br />
� moawyveT erTi oTaxi “eleqtrosadgurad”.<br />
gaaTavisufleT sivrce SuagulSi. gadaWimeT Toki<br />
mTel oTaxSi da magrad miamagreT misi boloebi.<br />
es warmoadgens eleqtro kabels. is iatakidan 1<br />
metris simaRleze unda gadiodes. ar daWimoT is<br />
metismetad (denis gamorTvis yoveli SemTxvevis<br />
mere kabelis SekeTebis mizniT kvanZebis<br />
Sesakvrelad dagWirdebaT, rom is cota moSvebuli<br />
iyos)<br />
� SeiZleba karebze miamagroT warwera:<br />
”eleqtrosadguri”.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
175<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
10 da meti<br />
90 wuTi
instruqciebi<br />
es savarjiSo sruldeba or nawilad: nawili I - gonebrivi Sturmi<br />
Zaladomis gamovlinebebis CamonaTvalis Sesadgenad (10 wuTi) da nawili II -<br />
eleqtrosadgurSi muSaoba (60 wuTi).<br />
nawili I. gonebrivi Sturmi Zaladobis gamovlinebebis CamonaTvalis<br />
Sesadgenad<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs moifiqron Zaladobis ra gamovlinebebi<br />
arsebobs maT sazogadoebaSi (skolaSi, axalgazrdul klubSi,<br />
kolejSi, ubanSi, da a.S.). naTlad ganmarteT, rom sakiTxi ar exeba<br />
seriozuli Zaladobis faqtebs, magaliTad, terorizms an genocids.<br />
monawileebs saqme eqnebaT Zaladobis im gamovlinebebze, romlebsac<br />
xvdebian yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, magaliTad, xulignoba, dacinva,<br />
sityvieri Seuracxyofa, sarkazmi, uadgilo xumroba da a.S.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs gamoiyenon markerebi da weron didi asoebiT.<br />
unda gamoiyenon sakvanZo sityvebi, an mokle frazebi da TiToeuli<br />
idea daweron calke furcelze.<br />
3. SeagroveT furclebi da SeamowmeT, Tu meordeba romelime<br />
gamonaTqvami. Ggameorebis SemTxvevaSi daitoveT mxolod erTi<br />
furceli, danarCenebi gadayareT.<br />
4. vidre Semdegi nawilisaTvis emzadebiT, mieciT monawileebs 5<br />
wuTiani Sesveneba. dakeceT furclebi da CamokideT isini ”denis<br />
kabelze”. furclebi erTmaneTisgan daSorebuli unda iyos<br />
daaxloebiT naxevari metriT. maTi mimagreba saWiroa Tokze, rom ar<br />
gaiSalos.<br />
nawili II. eleqtrosadgurSi<br />
1. miiwvieT monawileebi ”eleqtrosadgurSi”, sadac unda imuSaon<br />
teqnikur personalad.<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi or jgufad.<br />
3. ganumarteT, rom es eleqtrosadguri gamoimuSavebs ”uaryofiT<br />
energias” da, vinaidan ”uaryofiTi energia” Zalian mZimea, kabeli<br />
xSirad ziandeba (Tqveni amocanaa, gaiTamaSoT amgvari avaria,<br />
risTvisac unda gadaWraT Toki or ”problematur” qaRaldis<br />
furcels Soris). monawileebma unda gamoasworon mdgomareoba da<br />
“dadebiTi energiiT” damuxton kabeli.<br />
4. ganmarteT, rom, rodesac kabelis dazianeba gardauvalia, sinaTle<br />
cimcims daiwyebs da isini gaigoneben gamafrTxilebel signals.<br />
rogorc ki eleqtroenergiis miwodeba Sewydeba, yvela jgufidan<br />
erTi wevri unda gaiqces kabelisaken. TiToeuli maTgani xels<br />
stacebs mavTulis gawyvetil bolos, romelsac isini kvlav erTad<br />
Sekraven ”eleqtroenergiis miwodebis droebiT aRdgenis” mizniT.<br />
5. TiToeulma teqnikurma TanamSromelma, Tavisufali xeliT unda<br />
aiRos gawyvetil kabelTan yvelaze axlos damagrebuli furceli da<br />
xmamaRla waikiTxos informacia.<br />
6. am momentidan orive jgufi pasuxismgebelia denis miwodebis<br />
aRdgenaze. mieciT maT 5 wuTi am ori problemis aRmosafxvreli<br />
winadadebebis mosamzadeblad.<br />
176 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
7. amis Semdeg, jgufebi erTmaneTs uziareben da msjeloben sakuTar<br />
winadadebebze da Tanxmdebian TiToeuli problemis gadaWris gzebze,<br />
romlebic Semdeg daiwereba sufTa furcelze da gadaecema teqnikur<br />
TanamSromlebs.<br />
8. teqnikuri personali aerTeben ”kabelis” boloebs da gadabmis<br />
adgilebSi amagreben ”gadawyvetilebebis” furclebs, raTa kabelSi<br />
denma ukve mudmivad idinos da ara droebiT.<br />
9. miakariT kedelze ”Zaladobis gamovlinebebis” amsaxveli ori<br />
gamoyenebuli furceli ise, rom SeiZlebodes maTi wakiTxva.<br />
10. gadaWeriT ”kabeli” sxva adgilas da gaimeoreT SekeTebis<br />
procedura. TamaSi dasruldeba, rodesac yvela ”Zaladobis<br />
gamovlinebis” furceli moixsneba mavTulidan da Seicvleba<br />
”gadawyvetilebebis” furclebiT.<br />
11. bolos ki, SeagroveT yvela ”gadawyvetilebis furclebi”, moxseniT<br />
isini mavTulidan da miakariT kedelze ”Zaladobis gamovlinebebis”<br />
furclebis gverdiT.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT analizi savarjiSos mimoxilviT da Semdeg gadadiT msjelobaze<br />
Zaladobis TiToeuli gamovlinebisa da SemoTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebis<br />
Sesaxeb:<br />
� rogor grZnobdnen monawileebi Tavs savarjiSos Sesrulebis<br />
procesSi? moewonaT? ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� ra aris Zaladobis gamovlinebebis mizezebi?<br />
� SemoTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebi da moqmedebebi realuri iyo?<br />
uaxloes momavalSi? Soreul momavalSi?<br />
� ra problemebs an winaaRmdegobas SeiZleba waawydnen monawileebi am<br />
gadawyvetilebebis ganxorcielebis procesSi?<br />
� rogor SeuZliaT axalgazrdebs win aRudgnen Zaladobas, an<br />
ibrZolon mis winaaRmdeg?<br />
� adamianis romeli uflebebi irRveva Zaladobis Sedegad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
pirveli nawilisaTvis anu gonebrivi SturmisaTvis dagWirdebaT<br />
daaxloebiT 10 wuTi, eleqtrosadgurSi muSaobosaTvis, daaxloebiT 60<br />
wuTi, 20 wuTi ki analizisa da SefasebisaTvis.<br />
scadeT, am savarjiSos Sesruleba sakmaod swrafad. ar misceT<br />
axalgazrdebs mowyenis saSualeba.<br />
Tu monawileebs dasWirdebaT damatebiTi ganmarteba, rogor moifiqron<br />
ideebi an devizebi problemis gadasaWrelad (instruqciebi, punqti 6)<br />
SegiZliaT, moiyvanoT Semdegi magaliTi. Tu erT furcelze weria ”dacinva”,<br />
xolo meoreze ”Zaladoba televiziaSi”, erTma jgufma, SeiZleba, gamoTqvas<br />
azri skolebSi seminarebis Catarebis Taobaze, romelic mieZRvneba dacinvis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolas da Zaladobis amsaxveli filmebis Cvenebis akrZalvas<br />
Ramis 11 saaTamde. Mmeore jgufma, SeiZleba, SemogTavazoT maTi Tanatoli<br />
mediatorebis treningebi dacinvis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad da saRamos 9<br />
saaTi unda iyos gamyofi zRvari; am dromde Zaladobis amsaxveli filmebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
20 Tebervali<br />
arZaladobrivi<br />
winaaRmdegobis dRe<br />
177
ar unda iqnas naCvenebi. amis Semdeg, orive jgufi ganixilavs SemoTavazebul<br />
winadadebebs da axdens maT kombinirebas, an Sesabamis cvlilebas, vidre mas<br />
„gadawyvetilebis“ furcelze daweren. Yyovel jgufs SeuZlia ori, an meti<br />
winadadebis SemoTavazeba, magram erTi winadadebac sakmarisia.<br />
Tu jgufi pataraa, SeiZleba SeqmnaT “gadaudebeli daxmarebis teqnikuri<br />
personalis jgufi”. or jgufTan muSaobis idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />
xSirad, erTidaimave problemaze monawileebi sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebebs<br />
iReben, rac afarToebs arCevanis SesaZleblobas.<br />
63 gverdze SemoTavazebuli savarjiSo “adamianebis manqana”, warmoadgens<br />
karg, TanamSromlobaze damyarebul „moTelvis” saSualebas.<br />
masSi gamoyenebuli meTodi SeiZleba adaptirebul iqnas nebismieri<br />
sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis, romelic mimarTulia problemebis gansazRvrisa da<br />
gadawyvetilebebis povnisaken.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
„eleqtrosadgurSi“ muSaobis procesSi, SeiZleba, SevexoT genderul<br />
sakiTxebs an diskriminaciis problemebs. Tu ase ar moxdeba, Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT dainteresdeT pirovnulobis, Rirsebisa da pativis Tanasworobis<br />
sakiTxebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi gadaxedeT savarjiSos “vin varT me?” (gv. 170)<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
imuSaveT am savarjiSoSi wamoWril romelime problemaze. magaliTad,<br />
Tu jgufis mier SerCeul iqna dacinvis problema, SesaZloa, gamoiTqvas<br />
amave jgufis skolaSi seminaris Catarebis winadadeba da Seitanon isini<br />
skolis, klasis, an asociaciis sabWos momavali sxdomis dRis wesrigSi.<br />
SeniSvna: “eleqtrosadguri” Seiqmna dariuS grJemnis mier SemoTavazebuli savarjiSos bazaze.<br />
dariuS grJemni aris bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis asociaciis (Sansi) warmomadgeneli,<br />
glogovi, poloneTi.<br />
178 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
enobrivi barieri<br />
SegiZliaT pasuxi gasceT am SekiTxvebs? daakmayofileben Tqvens<br />
Suamdgomlobas TavSesafaris miRebis Sesaxeb?<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia, pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoeba, ganaTleba<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
30 wuTi<br />
es aris TavSesafaris moTxovnis procesSi<br />
ltolvilebis winaSe arsebuli problemebis<br />
inscenireba. wamoWrili problemebi moicavs:<br />
� ltolvilTa gamouval situacias da emociur<br />
mdgomareobas.<br />
� enobrivi barieris gadalaxvas<br />
� ganacxadis Setanis dros gancdil<br />
diskriminacias<br />
� TavSesafaris Zebnisa da miRebis ufleba<br />
� eTnikuri da erovnuli warmomavlobis<br />
safuZvelze diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� saimigracio organoebis mier TavSesafaris<br />
maZiebelTa diskriminirebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb<br />
informireba<br />
� lingvisturi da kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis<br />
mniSvnelobis demonstrireba<br />
� TanagrZnobis gaCena TavSesafaris moTxovnis<br />
procesSi ltolvilTa mier gancdili<br />
imdegacruebis da gulistkivilis gagebis gziT.<br />
� erTi “TavSesafaris moTxovnis ganacxadis” asli<br />
TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
� erTi pasta TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
moawyveT oTaxi `kabinetis~ msgavsad, Tqven dajeqiT<br />
magidasTan da SeasruleT biurokrati oficialuri<br />
piris roli.<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs Semovidnen `kabinetSi~, magram ar miesalmoT<br />
aravis da ar SeimCnioT romelimes iq yofna. ar ganmartoT ra<br />
SeiZleba moxdes SemdegSi.<br />
2. moicadeT ramodenime wuTi daniSnuli sawyisi droidan da, Semdeg<br />
daurigeT TiToeul monawiles erTi „TavSesafaris moTxovnis<br />
ganacxadi” da kalmistari<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
179<br />
diskriminacia<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
ganaTleba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
30 wuTi
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
26 ivnisi<br />
gaeros wesdebis dRe<br />
21 Tebervali<br />
mSobliuri enis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
3. uTxariT, rom 5 wuTi eZlevaT anketis Sesavsebad, magram meti<br />
araferi TqvaT. ugulvebelhyaviT yvela kiTxva da pretenzia. Tu<br />
mainc mogixdebaT komunikacia, ilaparakeT ucxo enaze (an gamogonil<br />
enaze) da gamoiyeneT Jestikulacia. yvelanairi komunikacia daiyvaneT<br />
minimumamde. gaxsovdeT, rom ltolvilebis problema Tqven ar<br />
gawuxebT, Tqven mxolod gevalebaT anketebis darigeba da Sevsebuli<br />
anketebis Segroveba!<br />
4. nebismier dagvianebul pirs gulcivad SexvdiT (mag. Tqven<br />
daigvianeT. aiReT da SeavseT es forma. mxolod ramodenime wuTi<br />
dagrCaT amis gasakeTeblad)<br />
5. rodesac 5 wuTi amoiwureba, SekribeT anketebi Rimilisa da raime<br />
personaluri kontaqtebis gareSe.<br />
6. amoikiTxeT saxelebi Sevsebuli anketebidan da sTxoveT gamoZaxebul<br />
pirs win gamovides. CaixedeT anketaSi da gaakeTeT raime SeniSvna<br />
mag. “Tqven ar upasuxeT 8 punqts” an “pasuxi 6 SekiTxvaze<br />
miuRebelia. Tqven uars miiRebT TavSesafarze”. sTxoveT mas gavides.<br />
ar SexvideT raime diskusiaSi. amis Semdeg pirdapir gadadiT Semdegi<br />
ganmcxadeblis gamoZaxebaze.<br />
7. gaimeoreT es procesi ramdenjerme. yvela anketis gadaxedva saWiro<br />
ar aris, mxolod iqamde gaagrZeleT es procedura, vidre<br />
monawileebi mixvdebian ra xdeba.<br />
8. bolos SewyviteT rolis TamaSi da moiwvieT monawileebi momxdaris<br />
Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT monawileebis STabeWdilebebisa da SegrZnebebis garkveviT da<br />
Semdeg gadadiT momxdaris da naswavlis ganxilvaze.<br />
� ras grZnobdnen monawileebi gaurkveveli anketis Sevsebis dros?<br />
� iyo es TavSesafaris Ziebis proceduris realisturi inscenireba?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom Tqvens qveyanaSi TavSesafaris maZieblebs samarTlianad<br />
epyrobian ganacxadis Sevsebis procesSi? ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves ltolvilisaTvis TavSesafarze uaris<br />
Tqmas?<br />
� aRmoCenilan rodesme monawileebi iseT situaciaSi, rodesac ar<br />
icodnen ena, romelzec oficialuri piri, magaliTad, policieli, an<br />
bileTebis kontroliori esaubreboda maT? rogori iyo maTi<br />
SegrZnebebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
saxelmZRvanelod sakmaod advili savarjiSoa: ZiriTadi moTxovnaa<br />
rolis “mkacrad” Sesruleba – Tqven unda iyoT seriozuli, mkacri da<br />
biurokratiuli. ltolvilebis mdgomareoba Tqveni problema ar aris. Tqven<br />
aq Tqveni samuSaos Sesasruleblad xarT. saqme isaa, rom bevrs ar unda maT<br />
qveyanaSi ltolvilebis yofna. saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlebs<br />
nabrZanebi aqvT gafiltron ltolvilebi da Sesvlis neba miscen mxolod<br />
maT, visac aqvs piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi da sworad avsebs<br />
anketas. ltolvilebi xSirad cudad floben sxva qveynis enas da<br />
180 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
uZneldebaT anketebis Sevseba. amasTanave, isini daTrgunul da stresul<br />
mdgomreobaSi arian. maTTvis gansakuTrebiT rTulia imis gageba ra xdeba,<br />
radgan, xSirad, gaugebari mizezebis gamo iReben uars ganacxadze.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu gindaT gaecnoT ltolvilebis qveyanaSi SesvlisaTvis nebis darTvis,<br />
an uaris Tqmis argumentebs ix. savarjiSo “SeiZleba Semovide?” (gv. 308).<br />
damatebiTi ideebi ltolvilebis Sesaxeb savarjiSoebis Sesasruleblad<br />
SegiZliaT ixiloT gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis vebgverdze:<br />
www.unhcr.ch<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufma, SeiZleba, moiwvios saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromeli Tavisi<br />
samuSaos sirTuleebze da problemebze sasaubrod. kidev erTi alternativaa<br />
Tavad saimigracio samsaxurSi vizitis organizeba da TavSesafaris<br />
maZiebelTa ganacxadebebis ganxilvis procesze dakvirveba. jgufis wevrebi,<br />
SeiZleba, gaesaubron TavSesafaris maZieblebs da saimigracio samsaxuris<br />
warmomadgenlebs Seqmnili situaciis Sesaxeb maTi azris gasarkvevad da<br />
proceduruli usamarTlobis an darRvevebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebis<br />
wamosaWrelad. es informacia SemdgomSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />
ltolvilebis mxardamWeri kampaniisaTvis, an saimigracio ganyofilebisaTvis,<br />
an gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisiariatisaTvis gadasacemad<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
ltolvilebis Sesaxeb informacia da monacemebi ix. savarjiSos<br />
“SeiZleba Semovide?” damatebiTi informaciis nawilSi (gv. 308).<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
TavSesafaris maZiebelTa anketa<br />
1. CsalÄdi Ås utÇnÅv<br />
2. Дата i месца нараджэння<br />
3. Viimeisin osoite<br />
4.<br />
5.<br />
6. Başvuran kişiye eşlik eden refakatëi<br />
veya yakiniarinin isimleri<br />
7. Meio e local de entrada no país<br />
8. Ghaliex titlob ghall-azilju?<br />
9. Свидетельство преследований, на основании<br />
которых составлено заявление<br />
10. Avez-voui dÅjü prÅsentÅ une demande d’asyle auparavant?<br />
Veuillez donner des dÅtails sur les pays, les dates et les motifs.<br />
11. Dali imate rodnini ili poznanici vo ovaa zemja? Ako imate, navedete gi iminjata i adresite.<br />
12. ﺎ ﮭﻣﺎﻜﺘﺗ ﻲﺘ ﻟا تﺎ ﻔﻠﻟا ﻲ ھ ﺎ ﻣ
sporti<br />
globalizacia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
40 wuTi<br />
erTi wuTiT!<br />
isaubreT “mxolod erTi wuTi“ – araviTari Seyovneba, araviTari<br />
gameoreba!<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
sporti, globalizacia, adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
40 wuTi<br />
am savarjiSoSi monawileebma unda SeZlon, rom<br />
ilaparakon swrafad da sazrianad erTi wuTis<br />
ganmavlobaSi sportsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris<br />
irsebuli urTierTobebis Sesaxeb.<br />
yvela<br />
� sportisa da adamianTa uflebebis problemebis<br />
Sesaxeb codnis gaziareba<br />
� gacnobiereba, rom adamianis yvela ufleba<br />
erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli da Seadgenen erT<br />
ganuyofel mTlianobas.<br />
� piradi mosazrebis damajereblad gamoxatvis<br />
Cvevis ganviTareba<br />
� TiTo gancxadeba TiTo monawilisaTvis<br />
� qudi<br />
� wamzomiani saaTi an qronometri<br />
� gaakeTeT dasarigebeli masalis asli da<br />
amoWeriT gancxadebebi<br />
� dakeceT amoWrili furclebi da CaawyveT isini<br />
qudSi.<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dasxdnen wreSi.<br />
2. CamoatareT qudi wreSi. sTxoveT yvela monawiles, ar Caixedon<br />
qudSi da morigeobiT amoiRon iqidan erTi furceli.<br />
3. amis Semdeg, monawileebs mieciT 5 wuTi erTwuTiani gamosvlis<br />
mosamzadeblad, raTa pauzis gareSe isaubron furcelze dawerili<br />
gancxadebis Sesaxeb. wesebis mixedviT ikrZaleba Seyovneba da<br />
naTqvamis gameoreba.<br />
4. sTxoveT wreSi msxdomT TanmimdevrobiT warmoTqvan “sityva”.<br />
5. TiToeuli “sityvis” Semdeg, gamoyaviT 2-3 wuTi, mokle<br />
komentarebis gasakeTeblad. Tu monawileebs bevri saTqmeli aqvT,<br />
CainiSneT Tema da SeTanxmdiT, rom mas TamaSis bolos daubrundebiT.<br />
6. rodesac yvelas gamosvla dasruldeba, daubrundiT da daasruleT<br />
yvela diskusia, romlis Sewyvetac mogixdaT.<br />
182 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
7. amis Semdeg gadadiT analizze da Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos mimoxilviT, Semdeg isaubreT wamoWrili sakiTxebis<br />
garSemo.<br />
� rTuli iyo konkretul Temaze erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi<br />
SeuCereblad laparaki?<br />
� sasaubrod romeli Tema iyo yvelaze rTuli da ratom?<br />
� romeli gancxadebebi iyo yvelaze sakamaTo da ratom?<br />
� romelma informaciam gamoiwvia gakvirveba monawileTa Soris?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
savarjiSo aqvs ramdenime done, da SesaZlebelia SekiTxvebis<br />
sxvadasxvagvarad interpretireba. mTavaria, rom savarjiSo Seesabamebodes im<br />
axalgazrdebis momzadebis dones, romlebic savarjiSos asruleben.<br />
SesaZloa gamoiyenoT romelime araerTgvarovani gamonaTqvami, diskusiis<br />
gaRrmavebis mizniT. magram, frTxilad iyaviT: monawileebma SesaZloa Tqveni<br />
Canafiqri axsnan, rogorc signali „swori pasuxis“ Ziebisaken.<br />
Tu fiqrobT, rom qvemoT moyvanili gancxadebebi Tqven jgufs ar<br />
ainteresebs moigoneT sxvebi.<br />
waaxaliseT gaubedavi monawileebi isaubron, SesTavazeT maT ilaparakon<br />
mxolod naxevari wuTi, an sul 20 wami. mieciT saSualeba, rom gamosvlis<br />
win jer megobars gaesaubron an mogvianebiT gamovidnen salaparakod.<br />
variantebi<br />
SegiZliaT mcire jgufSi SeasruloT ori, an meti raundi. monawileebi<br />
iReben erT furcels TiToeul raundSi. Tu jgufSi 15 wevrze metia,<br />
dayaviT isini or qvejgufad.<br />
gancxadebebis qudidan aRebis meTodi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />
nebismier Temaze muSaobis dros.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu monawileebs surT gaagrZelon sportis Tema da Tavs energiulad<br />
grZnoben, SesTavazeT savarjiSo “sporti yvelasaTvis” (gv. 290).<br />
Tu romelime sxva Temam gamoiwvia gansakuTrebuli interesi, gadaxedeT<br />
savarjiSoebis sarCevs (gv. 84) am TemasTan dakavSirebuli savarjiSos<br />
SesarCevad.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
airCieT erT-erTi sakiTxi samuSaod da SeaTanxmeT momdevno samoqmedo<br />
etapi. SeimuSaveT SerCeul sakiTxze samuSao proeqti. daukavSirdiT<br />
adgilobriv organizacias, romelic am sferoSi muSaobs. gamoiyeneT<br />
proeqti, raTa monawileebma gaifarTovon codna da ifiqron, jgufuri<br />
muSaobisa da ideebis praqtikuli ganxorcielebis romeli unar-Cvevebi<br />
SeiZines.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
7 aprili<br />
jandacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
183
damatebiTi informacia<br />
“rogor unda iTamaSoT: sportis wvlili adamianis uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebaSi”. sidneis konferencia, 1–3 seqtemberi, 1999 weli:<br />
www.hrca.org.au/#sport_and_human_rights<br />
184 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
gancxadebebis furceli<br />
sporti da adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
fiqrobT, rom ronaldo kargi sagangebo warmomadgeneli<br />
iqneba „cvlilebis Zala: Sidsis sawinaaRmdego<br />
saerTaSoriso kampania axalgazrdebis monawileobiT“?<br />
sporti da adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
saerTaSoriso donis sportsmenebma unda daicvan qcevis<br />
kodeqsi. isini vinc daarRveven kodeqss, mag. sportuli<br />
movlenis gamoyeneba politikuri gancxadebisaTvis,<br />
jarimdebian. aris es azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis<br />
uflebaze pirovnebisaTvis uaris Tqma?<br />
sporti da adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
policias aqvs ufleba ar gauSvas fexburTis moyvarulebi,<br />
romlebsac isini saeWvod miiCneven sxva qveynebSi<br />
matCebze dasaswrebad. aris es maTTvis dakanonebuli<br />
gziT Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis uflebis da kavSiris<br />
Tavisuflebis warTmeva?<br />
sporti da bavSvebi<br />
ras etyodiT ambiciur mSoblebs da mwvrTnelebs,<br />
romlebic aiZuleben bavSvebs saaTobiT ivarjiSon? vis<br />
unda hqondes ufleba gadawyvetileba miiRos<br />
axalgazrdis janmrTelobaze da maTi Tavisufali drois<br />
gatarebaze?<br />
sporti da moqalaqeoba<br />
bevri adamiani ibadeba erT qveyanaSi, magram Semdeg xdebian<br />
sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi da saxldebian iq. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, isini rCebian TavianTi dabadebis qveynis erovnuli<br />
gundis mxardamWerebad maTi axali samSoblos gundis<br />
nacvlad. romel gunds unda dauWiron maT mxari?<br />
sporti da diskriminacia<br />
ramdenad abaTileben paralimpiuri TamaSebi invalidebis<br />
mimarT arsebul prekoncefciebs?<br />
sporti da diskriminacia<br />
aris aTletebis seqsualuri Semowmeba saWiro samarTliani<br />
Tanaswori Sejibris uzrunvelsayofad. Tu es adamianis<br />
Rirsebisa da piradi cxovrebis uflebis metismetad<br />
uxeSi darRvevaa?<br />
sporti da ganaTleba<br />
fiqrobT, rom fizikuri kulturis gakveTilebi<br />
savaldebulo unda iyos formaluri ganaTlebis<br />
procesSi?<br />
sporti da socialuri uflebebi<br />
fiqrobT, rom profesional sportsmenebi sxva mSromelebis<br />
msgavsad unda sargeblobnen profkavSirebis Seqmnis da<br />
samsaxuridan arasamarTlianad ganTavisuflebisagan<br />
dacvis uflebiT?<br />
sporti da ekologia<br />
golfis kursebs xSirad akritikeben rogorc xalxis aseve<br />
garemos mimarT „arakeTilganwobisaTvis“, radganac isini<br />
xSirad mimdinareobs im moednebze romlebsac xalxi<br />
iyenebda fermerobisa da metyeveobisaTvis. maT<br />
mosawyobad aseve saWiroa bevri wyali, xolo<br />
SesanarCuneblad saWiroa herbicidebi, da pesticidebi.<br />
aqcevs es yvelaferi golfs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
Semaval erT-erT problemad?<br />
sporti da globalizacia<br />
sportuli fexsacmeli da inventari iafad mzaddeba<br />
aRmosavleT evropaSi da Soreul aRmosavleTSi Sromis<br />
eqsploataciis Sedegad. muSebs survili aqvT<br />
SeinarCunon samuSao da amitomac ar acxadeben boikots.<br />
ra SegviZlia gavakeToTYCven, momxmareblebma, raTa ar<br />
viyoT maTi eqsploataciis monawileni?<br />
sporti da pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
CineTi cnobilia adamianis uflebebis darRveviT. unda<br />
yofiliyo es qveyana 2008 wlis olimpiadis maspinZlad<br />
arCeuli?<br />
sporti da janmrTeloba<br />
ra unda gakeTdes adgilobriv doneze sportis sferoSi<br />
akrZaluli medikamentebis gamoyenebasTan sabrZolvelad?<br />
sporti da media<br />
fiqrobT, rom romelime konkretul telekompnaias aqvs<br />
ufleba iyidos romelime sportuli movlenis<br />
eqskluzivi?<br />
sporti da mSvidoba<br />
ramdenad uwyobs xels SejibrebiTi xasiaTis sporti<br />
adamianebs Soris TanamSromlobisa da gagebis<br />
damkvidrebas?<br />
sporti da siRaribe<br />
fiqrobT, rom Tqveni qveynis politikosebi iyeneben sports<br />
an sportul movlenebs xalxis yuradRebis gadasatanad<br />
politikuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebidan?<br />
sporti da siRaribe<br />
bevr qveyanaSi sporti da gansakuTrebiT fexburTi<br />
sTavazobs adamianebs „pasports siRaribidan Tavis<br />
dasaRwevad“. amdenad Raribma qveynebma unda dauTmon Tua<br />
ara ufro meti yuradReba fexburTs?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
185
jandacva<br />
diskriminacia<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
10 da meti<br />
60 wuTi<br />
186<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
visaubroT seqsze!<br />
„gaige, piteri gei yofila?“<br />
jandacva, diskriminacia da qsenofobia, genderuli<br />
Tanasworoba<br />
done 4<br />
10 da meti<br />
60<br />
savarjiSoSi gamoyenebulia “akvariumis” meTodi,<br />
sazogadoebis seqsualobasTan, homofobiis CaTvliT,<br />
damokidebulebis analizisaTvis.<br />
� qorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis ufleba<br />
� disriminaciisagan dacvisa da Tanaswori<br />
mopyrobis ufleba<br />
� sityvis Tavisuflebisa da asociaciebis<br />
Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
� seqsualobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisa da<br />
uflebebis ganxilva, homoseqsualizmis CaTvliT<br />
� am Temaze saubrisas, piradi mosazrebis<br />
damajereblad gamoxatvis Cvevis ganviTareba<br />
� 3 skami<br />
� 2 xelmZRvaneli<br />
� sakmaod didi oTaxi monawileebis Tavisuflad<br />
gadaadgilebisaTvis<br />
� dafa, an didi zomis furceli da markerebi<br />
� qaRaldis patara furclebi da kalmistrebi<br />
� qudi<br />
� gaiTvaliswineT, rom bevr qveyanaSi seqsualoba<br />
delikatur sakiTxad iTvleba da, amdenad mzad<br />
iyaviT meTodologiis, an Temis Sesacvlelad<br />
(an orives Sesacvlelad).<br />
� amoarCieT ramodenime adamiani, romlebic<br />
Tavisuflad saubroben TavianT seqsualobaze,<br />
heteroseqsualizmis, homoseqsualizmis,<br />
biseqsualizmisa da transseqsuali qalebisa da<br />
mamakacebis CaTvliT.<br />
1. SeqmeniT saTanado atmosfero. ganmarteT, rom adamianebis<br />
umravlesoba seqsualobas ganixilavs piradul sakiTxad.<br />
seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
adamianis fundamenturi uflebaa da evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
daculia kanonmdeblobiT. es savarjiSo seqsualobis, kerZod ki<br />
homoseqsualobis mimarT damokidebulebebis analizis saSualebas<br />
iZleva. moTelvisaTvis gaixseneT cnobili adamianebi, romlebic<br />
Tavisuflad laparakoben TavianTi seqsualobis Sesaxeb.<br />
2. daarigeT patara furclebi da kalmistrebi da sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
daweron nebismieri SekiTxva, romelic maT gauCndebaT<br />
homoseqsualobasTan an zogadad seqsualobasTan dakavSirebiT, da<br />
Cadon es furclebi qudSi. SekiTxvebi unda iyos anonimuri.<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom savarjiSo ganixilavs damokidebulebas seqsualobis,<br />
kerZod ki homoseqsualobis mimarT. yvelas SeuZlia Tavisuflad<br />
gamoTqvas rogorc tradiciuli, aseve aratradiciuli azri, an<br />
azri, romelic ewnaaRmdegeba sazogadoebriv normebs. monawileebs<br />
SeuZliaT warmoadginon Sexedulebebi, romlebsac isini eTanxmebian,<br />
an ar eTanxmebian dacinvis an Seuracxyofis SiSis gareSe.<br />
4. moaTavseT 3 skami naxevarwreSi jgufis win. isini gankuTvnilia sami<br />
mosaubrisaTvis, romlebic ”akvariumSi” arian. danarCeni jgufi<br />
damkvirveblebs warmoadgenen.<br />
5. ganmarteT, dasawyisisaTvis ”akvariumSi” sasaubrod moiwvevT or<br />
moxalises. Tu raRac momentSi, vinmes survili gauCndeba<br />
SemogierTdeT, maT SeuZliaT amis gakeTeba. magram, vinaidan<br />
akvariumSi mxolod sami TevzisTvis aris adgili, viRacam adgili<br />
unda dauTmos mas. visac survili aqvs CaerTos saubarSi, unda<br />
gamovides win da frTxilad Seexos mxarze ”mosaubres”. es ori<br />
adamiani cvlian adgilebs da yofili mosaubre xdeba damkvirvebeli.<br />
6. waaxaliseT monawileebi gamovidnen sakuTari azris gamosaTqmelad,<br />
magram aseve gamoTqvan gansxvavebuli azri, romlebsac isini<br />
SesaZloa ar iziarebdnen. amrigad, SeiZleba gamoiTqvas sakamaTo,<br />
”politikurad arakoreqtuli” an warmoudgeneli ideebi, rac xels<br />
Seuwyobs mocemuli Temis sxvadasxva Sexedulebebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
ganxilvas.<br />
7. dauSvebelia Seuracxmyofeli, an damamcirebeli komentarebi jgufis<br />
wevrebis mimasamarTiT.<br />
8. sTxoveT moxalises amoiRos SekiTxviani furceli qudidan da<br />
daiwyos masze msjeloba. diskusia gagrZeldes, vidre monawileebi<br />
ar amowuraven sakiTxs da ar gameordeba erTi da igive momenetebi.<br />
9. Semdeg, sTxoveT sam moxalises, imsjelon momdevno sakiTxze da<br />
daiwyeT saubris Semdegi raundi igive wesebis dacviT.<br />
10. ganixiliT imdeni sakiTxi, ramdensac saWirod miiCnevT. Tumca,<br />
mxedvelobaSi miiReT savarjiSosaTvis gankuTvnili dro da jgufis<br />
interesi. analizisa da Sefasebis dawyebamde gamoacxadeT mokle<br />
Sesveneba, raTa monawileebma daisvenon ”akvariumidan” gamosvlis<br />
Semdeg. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania cxare diskusiis Semdeg.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
ganixileT, rogor grZnobden monawileebi Tavs ”akvariumSi” da mis<br />
gareT. amis Semdeg, mimoixileT ganxilvisas gamoTqmuli sxvadasxva<br />
Sexedulebebi da bolos, isaubreT imis sesaxeb, Tu ra iswavles<br />
monawileebma TamaSis procesSi:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
187
� iyo vinme Sokirebuli an gakvirvebuli, romelime gamoTqmuli azris<br />
gamo? kerZod romeli? ratom?<br />
� ramdenad Tavisuflad saubrobs xalxi Tavis seqsualurobaze Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi?<br />
� zogierTi jgufi ufro gaxsnilia, vidre sxvebi? ratom?<br />
� romeli Zalebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad viTardeba Cveni seqsualoba?<br />
� razea damyarebuli adamianebis zneobrivi Sexedulebebi seqsualobis<br />
Sesaxeb?<br />
� gansxvavdeba monawileebis damokidebuleba seqsualobis mimarT maTi<br />
mSoblebisa da winaprebis damokidebulebebisagan? Tu ganxvavdeba,<br />
riTi? ratom?<br />
� zogierT qveyanaSi kanonebi da zewola sazogadoebis mxridan<br />
konfliqtSi Sedian adamianis pativiscemisa da Rirsebis, partnioris<br />
amorCevis, Tavisufali qorwinebisa da sxva uflebasTan. ra gziT<br />
SeiZleba aseTi konfliqtebis mogvareba?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
ar daiviWyoT socialuri konteqstis sesaxeb, romelSic muSaobT, da<br />
Sesabamisad moaxdineT savarjiSos adaptireba. am savarjiSos mizania<br />
monawileebis mier sakuTari azris gamoTqma sakuTar seqsualobasTan da<br />
sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebul normebTan dakavSirebiT; mouwodeT maT<br />
gamoiCinon Tavdajereba sakuTari azris gamoTqmis dros. amasTanave,<br />
gamoiCinon Semwynarebloba gansxvavebuli azris mqone xalxis mimarT.<br />
savarjiSos mizani ar aris ama Tu im azris miReba, iseve, rogorc<br />
konsensusis miRweva.<br />
savarjiSos dawyebamde rekomendirebulia moemzadoT da waikiTxoT<br />
ZiriTadi informacia genderuli sakiTxebis, diskriminaciasa da<br />
qsenofobiis Sesaxeb. ifiqreT, ra sakiTxebi SeiZleba wamoiWras. zogierTi<br />
xSirad dasmuli SekiTxva da gansaxilveli Temebia:<br />
� ra aris seqsualoba?<br />
� ra gansxvavebaa heteroseqsual, homoseqsual, lesbosel, biseqsual,<br />
da transseqsual adaminebs Soris?<br />
� aris homoseqsualoba daavadeba?<br />
� rogor xdeba adamiani homoseqsuali an lesboseli?<br />
� ra SeiZleba iTqvas SidsiT daavadebis riskis Sesaxeb?<br />
� zogierT qveyanaSi homoseqsualizmi miRebulia sazogadoebaSi da<br />
partniorebs SeuZliaT iqorwinon, xolo zogierT qveyanaSi – es<br />
danaSaulia da sikvdliT isjeba.<br />
� rogoria homoseqsualebis sqesobrivi urTierToba?<br />
TqvenTvis, rogorc xelmZRvanelebisaTvis, mniSvnelovania isaubroT<br />
Tqven pirad faseulobebze da rwmenaze, Tu ra aris misaRebi TqvenTvis,<br />
Tqveni ojaxisaTvis; gaxsovdeT, rom es Rirebulebebi aisaxeba yvelaferSi<br />
rasac gaakeTebT da ityviT (an ar gaakeTebT da dumxarT). principialurad<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom aRiaroT sakuTari zneobrivi Rirebulebebi da<br />
crurwmenebi da gaiazroT am faseulobebis warmomavloba, raTa daexmaroT<br />
monawileebs Seicnon TavianTi zneobrivi Rirebulebebis warmomavloba.<br />
gonebrivi Sturmi, romelic eZRvneba im cnobil adamianebs, vinc Riad<br />
saubroben sakuTar seqsualurobaze, miznad isaxavs gauRviZos monawileebs<br />
188 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
seqsualurobis sakiTxebze Tavisuflad msjelobis survili. amave dros,<br />
iseTi cnebebis dazusteba, rogorebicaa homoseqsualistebi, lesboselebi,<br />
heteroseqsualebi, biseqsualebi da transeqsualebi. (ixileT damatebiTi<br />
informacia 407 gverdze).<br />
am savarjiSoSi Tqven metad mniSvnelovani roli gekisrebaT – Tqven<br />
unda gansazRvroT saerTo ganwyobileba. savarjiSos Sesruleba SeiZleba<br />
daiwyoT ori xelmZRvanelis saubriT. magaliTad, erT-erTma TqvenTaganma<br />
SeiZleba ikiTxos: "gaige, piterma gamoacxada, rom is homoseqsualistia?"<br />
meorem ki SeiZleba upasuxos: '`ara, amas verasodes vifiqrebdi, is saerTod<br />
ar hgavs cisfers”. amgvarad, Tqven mianiSnebT, rom saubaria saerTo<br />
nacnobze, amitom esaa ganxilva Sinaur adamianebs Soris da ada ara<br />
Teoriuli diskusia. es dagexmarebaT daiwyoT ganxilva, ra ician<br />
monawileebma homoseqsualizmis Sesaxeb da rogoria maTi damokidebuleba am<br />
sakiTxis mimarT.<br />
imedia, romelime damkvirvebeli swrafad SegcvliT, rac saSualebas<br />
mogcemT diskusia mxolod moTamaSeebis monawileobiT gaagrZeloT. magram<br />
unda gaagrZeloT monawileoba, rogorc damkvirvebelma da SeinarCunoT<br />
SesaZlebloba kvlav CaerToT mosaubris rolSi. es gaZlevT Sanss,<br />
SeumCnevlad warmarToT ganxilvis mimdinareoba, an SeTavazoT axali<br />
mimarTuleba, an taqtianad gamoiyvanoT saubridan is monawile, romelic ar<br />
icavs TamaSis wesebs.<br />
survilisamebr SegiZliaT SemoitanoT wesi, rom erTi konkretuli<br />
sakiTxis wamoWra SeiZleba mxolod erTxel. es Tavidan agacilebT<br />
gauTavebel diskusias SezRuduli Temebis irgvliv da xels SeuSlis<br />
erTidaimave popularuli crurwmenebis gameorebas.<br />
variantebi<br />
sxva Temebi, romlebic SeiZleba SeTavazoT gansaxilvelad:<br />
� qorwinebis asaki (an sqesobrivi kavSiris damyarebaze Tanxmobis<br />
gancxadebis asaki): unda iyos gansxvavebuli homoseqsualebisaTvis?<br />
� bavSvis ayvana da qorwineba: unda mieceT Tu ara qorwinebis ufleba<br />
homoseqsualTa wyvilebs? bavSvis ayvanis ufleba? ratom/ratom ara?<br />
� marTalia, rom homoseqsualebSi meti ufro didi riskis qveS<br />
arian?<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu monawileebi dainteresebuli arian diskriminaciis sxva aspeqtebiTac,<br />
maT Soris transseqsualebis sportul SejibrebSi monawileobis uflebiT,<br />
SeiZleba moisurvon savarjiSos Sesruleba”erTi wuTiT!” (gv. 180).<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla<br />
daukavSirdiT Tqven qveyanaSi arsebul homoseqsualistebis an<br />
lesboselebis sazogadoebas. maT Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba moqmedebaze<br />
gadasvlis erT-erTi gzaa. moiwvieT maTi warmomadgeneli jgufTan<br />
sasaubrod, raTa gaarkvioT romeli sakiTxebi da uflebebia yvelaze mwvave<br />
Tqven qveyanaSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
29 dekemberi<br />
biologiuri<br />
mravalferovnebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
189
damatebiTi informacia<br />
seqsualuroba adamianis cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. seqsualuri<br />
cxovreba gavlenas axdens Cvens pirovnebaze da yofaqcevis maxasiaTeblebze<br />
– socialur, pirovnul, emociur, fsiqologiur, – romlebic Tavs iCenen<br />
sxvebTan urTierTobis dros. seqsualuroba yalibdeba sqesobrivi da<br />
genderuli niSan-Tvisebebis, agreTve, mTeli rigi rTuli zemoqmedebebis<br />
Sedegad da ganicdis dinamiur cvlilebas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.<br />
informaciis wyaro: ASPA informaciuli teqnologiebis proeqti www.aspa.asn.au<br />
seqsualuri mravalferovneba da adamianis uflebebi<br />
tradiculi TvalsazrisiT es ori sakiTxi TiTqos erTmaneTTan kavSirSi<br />
araa. SeiZleba kamaTi imis Sesaxeb, rom pirveli dakavSirebulia pirad da<br />
individualur arCevenaTan, meore ki sazogadoebrivi sferos iuridiul da<br />
politikur struqturebTan, romelic funqcionirebs moqalaqeobasTan<br />
kavSirSi. da mainc, bolodrois istoriulma, anTropologiurma da<br />
sociologiurma kvlevebma aCvena, rom seqsualuri TviTmyofadoba da<br />
seqsualuri ltolvis gamoxatvis sxavdasxva formebi, sxvadasxva epoqebisa<br />
da kulturebis farglebSi iTvleboda da iTvleba sazogadoebrivi wesrigis<br />
potenciurad damangrevel Zalebad. erT situaciaSi erTnairi, an<br />
gaurkveveli sqesobrivi ltolvis gamoxatulebebi arRveven tradiciul<br />
moralur da religiur normebs, xolo meoreSi isini iTvlebian fsiqiur<br />
daavadebad.<br />
seqsualur mravalferovnebasa da adamianis uflebebs Soris<br />
urTierTkavSirs safuZvlad udevs hegemoniiis Zala, romelic mudmivad<br />
moqmedebs adamianis uflebebiT Tanabari sargeblobis winaaRmdeg. am Zalas<br />
warmoadgens institucionaluri hipoTeza, rom mxolod heteroseqsualuri<br />
damokidebulebaa seqsualuri ltolvis gamovlenis ”bunebrivad<br />
dakanonebuli” da, amdenad, ”normaluri” gza. marginalizaciis am process<br />
wiTel xazad gasdevs mosazreba, rom heteroseqsualizmi aris ”bunebrivi”<br />
da, maSasadame, moralurad misaRebi, maSin, roca seqsualuri ltolvis<br />
gamovlenis sxva formebi - ”arabunebrivia” da, Sesabamisad, moralurad<br />
miuRebeli.<br />
informaciis wyaro: adaptirebulia homoseqsualistTa da lesboselTa uflebebis dacvis<br />
komisiis vebgverdidan: www.iglhrc.org<br />
190 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesatyvisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
struqciebi<br />
TamaSi “daxate sityva”<br />
mxatvrebis garda, sxvebsac aqvT uflebebi!<br />
damianis zogadi uflebebi, media, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
8 da meti<br />
45 wuTi<br />
es aris gunduri TamaSi, romelSic monawileebma<br />
unda mouxmon TavianT SemoqmedebiT unars adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli sityvis<br />
dasaxatad.<br />
� azrovnebisa da azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba<br />
� azrovnebis Tavisufleba<br />
� Rirsebisa da uflebebis Tanasworoba<br />
� codnis ganviTareba adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaraciis Sesaxeb<br />
� gundis Camoyalibeba, codnis ganviTareba<br />
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisa da vizualuri<br />
gamosaxulebebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis<br />
tabula<br />
� didi zomis furclebi da markeri qulebis<br />
Casawerad<br />
� A4 zomis furclebi da kalmistrebi jgufis<br />
mier naxatebis Sesasruleblad. erTi furceli<br />
erTi jgufisaTvis TamaSis yovel raundSi.<br />
� webovani lenti an Wikarti naxatebis<br />
gamosafenad<br />
� mimarTeT 508 gverds adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaraciis Semoklebuli<br />
variantisaTvis da gaakeTeT misi asli didi<br />
zomis furcelze<br />
� SearCieT uflebebi, romlebzec gsurT, rom<br />
jgufma imuSaos da gaakeTeT maTi sia TamaSSi<br />
gamoyenebisaTvis.<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire, 4-5 wevrian jgufebad da<br />
SearCion saxeli TavianTi gundisaTvis<br />
2. ganmarteT, rom maT mouxdebaT gundebSi muSaoba. Tqven, gundis<br />
erT-erT monawiles dasaxatad miscemT romelime muxls adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciidan. gundis danarCenma wevrebma<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
191<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
media<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 1<br />
8 da meti<br />
45 wuTi
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
10 dekemberi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dRe<br />
192<br />
unda gamoicnon, romeli uflebaa daxatuli. qula ewereba im gunds,<br />
romelic pirvelad gamoicnobs. mogebulia is gundi, romelsac<br />
TamaSis bolos yvelaze meti qula aqvs.<br />
3. ganumarteT gundebs, aiRon ramodenime furceli da fanqari da<br />
dasxdnen sadme oTaxSi. gundebi unda mimoifanton oTaxSi ise, rom<br />
ar esmodeT erTamaneTis laparaki.<br />
4. gamoiZaxeT erTi wevri TiToeuli gundidan. mieciT Tqveni siidan<br />
erTi ufleba, magaliTad, “wamebisagan dacva” an “sicocxlis<br />
ufleba”.<br />
5. uTxariT, daubrundnen jgufebs da daxaton micemuli konkretuli<br />
ufleba, xolo gundis danarCenma wevrebma, gamoicnon, ra uflebaa<br />
daxatuli. maT mxolod vizualuri gamosaxulebebis daxatvis<br />
ufleba aqvT. cifrebis an sityvebis dawera ar SeiZleba. laparaki<br />
mxatvarsac ekrZaleba, garda swori pasuxis dadasturebis<br />
SemTxvevisa.<br />
6. jgufis danarCenma nawilma unda daasaxelos mxolod gamocnobili<br />
variantebi. maT araa aqvT SekiTxvebis ufleba<br />
7. yoveli raundis Semdeg, miuxedavad imisa, dasrulda Tu ara TamaSi,<br />
sTxoveT “mxatvrebs” daweron suraTze uflebis saxelwodeba, da<br />
gadadon suraTi gverdze<br />
8. daiwyeT meore raundi. gamoiZaxeT dasaxatad axali monawileebi da<br />
dausaxeT maT sxva uflebebi. SeasruleT 7-8 raundi. yvela raundSi<br />
sxvadasxva monawileebma unda daxaton naxati. ecadeT yvelas misceT<br />
saSualeba Tundac erTxel mainc daxaton.<br />
9. dasasrul, sTxoveT jgufebs, gaakran kedelze TavianTi suraTebi,<br />
raTa moxdes sxvadasxva interpretaciebisa da sxvadasxva uflebebis<br />
vizualur gamosaxulebebs Soris Sedareba da maTi ganxilva.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos mimoxilva da Semdeg ganixileT ra ician<br />
monawileebma adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb:<br />
� adamianis uflebebis gamosaxva imaze rTulia, Tu martivi, vidre<br />
monawileebi moelodnen?<br />
� ris mixedviT irCevdnen monawileebi uflebaTa gamosaxvis xerxebs?<br />
saidan aiRes vizualuri gamosaxulebebi?<br />
� ra gansxvaveba da msgavsebaa TiToeuli uflebis vizualur<br />
gamosaxulebebs Soris? ramdeni gansxvavebuli gzaa erTi da igive<br />
koncefciis gamosaxvisa da interpretaciisaTvis?<br />
� mas Semdeg rac yvela suraTi ganixileba, ikiTxeT, ramdenad bevri,<br />
an cota icodnen monawileebma adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb?<br />
� fiqroben, rom adamianis uflebebi raime kavSirSia maT<br />
cxovrebasTan? kerZod, romeli uflebebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
vidre am savarjiSos Sesrulebas daiwyebdeT, unda gadaikiTxoT<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (gv. 508) da gaecnoT, ra<br />
igulisxmeba adamianis uflebebSi; magaliTad, rom uflebebis dacva<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
garantirebulia saerTaSoriso doneze, daculia kanoniT da orientirebulia<br />
adamianis Rirsebaze. isini icaven, rogorc calkeul pirovnebebs, asveve<br />
adamianTa jgufebs. maTi xelyofa dauSvebelia. deklaracia Tanabrad<br />
vrceldeba yvela adamianze. uflebebi urTierTdamokidebuli da<br />
universaluria.<br />
unda moifiqroT, rogor gamoiyenoT tabula. Tu monawileebi cudad<br />
icnoben adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias, umjobesia tabulis<br />
gamoyeneba mecadineobis dawyebamde, raTa moTamaSeebs garkveuli miniSnebebi<br />
misceT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra unda gamoicnon! Tu monawileebi kargad arian<br />
gacnobierebulni, maSin tabula gamoiyeneT TamaSis bolos, diskusiis<br />
stimulirebisaTvis im uflebebis garSemo, romlebic ar iyo daxatuli.<br />
gaxsovdeT, monawileebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom xatva ar SeuZliaT, am<br />
savarjiSos zedmetad rTulad miiCneven. daarwmuneT isini, rom ar eZebT maT<br />
namuSevrebSi xelovnebis nimuSebs da SesTavazeT, daxaton ise, rogorc<br />
SeuZliaT. SedegiT, SesaZloa, TviTonve darCnen gakvirvebuli!<br />
gamoiyeneT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis Semoklebuli<br />
varianti (gv. 508) dasaxati uflebebis amosarCevad. SesTavazeT Semdegi<br />
uflebebi: sicocxlis ufleba, wamebisagan dacva, obieqturi gasamarTlebis<br />
ufleba, diskriminaciisagan dacva, piradi cxovrebis ufleba, ganaTlebis<br />
ufleba, monobisagan dacva, Tavisufali kavSiris ufleba, azris gamoTqmis<br />
Tavisufleba, erovnuli kuTvnilebis ufleba, fiqrisa da religiis<br />
Tavisufleba, xmis ufleba, muSaobis ufleba, janmrTelobis ufleba,<br />
sakuTrebis ufleba, qorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis ufleba da meuRlis<br />
arCevis ufleba.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu jgufi 8-ze naklebi wevrisagan Sedgeba, SeiZleba savarjiSo<br />
SeasruloT mcire jgufebad dayofis gareSe, sTxoveT romelime monawiles<br />
daxatos pirvelma, xolo, vinc pirveli monawilis naxats gamoicnobs,<br />
xatavs Semdeg raundSi da a.S<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufma SeiZleba moisurvos invalidebis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
zogierTi sakiTxis garkveva savarjiSos “dvinaxoT sakuTari<br />
SesaZleblobebi” (gv. 156) gamoyenebiT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
193
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
diskriminacia<br />
ganaTleba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
4 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
Tanasworobis qveynisken mimavali gza<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
mzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
“dabrkoleba aris gza”<br />
Zen-budisturi andaza<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, ganaTleba<br />
done 3<br />
4 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo gulisxmobs mcire jgufebSi<br />
muSaobas, fantaziis da xatvis unar-Cvevebis<br />
gamoyenebiT ganixilavs genderuli Tanasworobisa<br />
da qalebis winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis sakiTxebs<br />
� sqesobriv da genderul safuZvelze<br />
diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� momavali meuRleebis Tavisufali da sruli<br />
Tanxmobis safuZvelze qorwinebis ufleba<br />
� mSobiarobamde da mis Semdeg dedebze<br />
gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis ufleba<br />
� genderuli balansisa da Tanasworobis miznebis<br />
gagebis gaRrmaveba da Sesabamisi dafaseba<br />
� fantaziisa da SemoqmedebiTi unaris ganviTareba<br />
momavlis ganWvretisaTvis<br />
� samarTlianobisa da pativiscemis damkvidreba<br />
� A4 zomis furceli da 1 fanqari TiToeuli<br />
mcire jgufisaTvis<br />
� didi zomis furclebi (A3) an dafis furclebi<br />
TiToeuli mcire jgufisaTvis<br />
� sxvadasxva feris markerebi, sakmarisi<br />
raodenobiT mcire jgufebisaTvis<br />
� ruqa, sasurvelia turistuli an raime sxva<br />
saxis, romelzec naCvenebia adgilmdebareobis<br />
fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi mag. mTebi, mdeloebi,<br />
mdinareebi, tyeebi, soflebi, xidebi da a.S.<br />
gaecaniT ruqas da gamoyenebul simboloebs<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom am savarjiSoSi monawileebma unda daxaton<br />
gamogonebuli ruqa Tanasworobis qveynisaken gasamgzavreblad, sadac<br />
arsebobs namdvili genderuli Tanasworoba. aseTi qveyana iarsebebs<br />
momavalSi, magram amJamad mxolod monawileebis warmosaxvaSi<br />
arsebobs.<br />
194 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
iSnavi<br />
ariRi<br />
noemberi<br />
mimarT<br />
adobis<br />
ofxvris<br />
iso dRe<br />
2. hkiTxeT monawileebs, ician Tu ara raime xalxuri gadmocema, an<br />
istoria, romelSic zneobrivi metaforebi mocemulia gmiris<br />
mogzaurobis magaliTze. isaubreT, rogor SeiZleba bneli tye<br />
gamoyenebuli iyos, rogorc borotebis metafora, xolo wiTeli, an<br />
vardisferi vaSli, rogorc cdunebis simbolo. mogzauris zneobrivi<br />
Zliereba, SeiZleba miniSnebuli iyos swrafi mdinaris gadacurviT,<br />
sikeTe ki, momakvdavi cxovelis gadarCeniT.<br />
3. mokled mimoixileT ruqa. miuTiTeT, rogoraa gavlebuli konturebi,<br />
rogoraa gamosaxuli mTebi da mdinareebi, Waobebi, Senobebi da<br />
eleqtrogadamcemi mavTulebi.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon 3-5 wevrian mcire jgufebad. daurigeT<br />
patara zomis furclebi da pastebi, mieciT daaxloebiT 15 wuTi<br />
xanmokle fiqrisaTvis Semdeg 3 sakiTxze:<br />
� rogor warmoudgeniaT Tanasworobis qveyana?<br />
� ra dabrkolebebs SeiZleba waawydnen Tanasworobis qveynisaken<br />
mimaval gzaze?<br />
� rogor gadalaxaven am dabrkolebebs?<br />
5. daurigeT didi zomis furclebi da markerebi. sTxoveT TiToeul<br />
jgufs Seadginon TavianTi warmosaxviTi ruqa da warmoadginon<br />
awmyosa da momavlis landSafti erTad da maT Soris gamavali gza.<br />
unda Seqmnan sakuTari simboloebi am gzaze arsebuli geografiuli<br />
warmonaqmnebis Semxvedri dabrkolebebisa da obieqtebis<br />
aRniSvnisaTvis<br />
6. mieciT jgufebs 40 wuTi ruqebis Sesadgenad. SeaxseneT, rom unda<br />
daurTon gamoyenebuli simboloebis axsna.<br />
7. SekribeT jgufebi plenarul sxdomaze da sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
warmoadginon TavianTi ruqebi.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT sxvadasxva jgufebis erToblivi muSaobisa da maT mier<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis gzebis mimoxilviT, rogor iRebdnen<br />
gadawyvetilebebs ra gamoesaxaT ruqaze da, rogor Seadgines ruqa.<br />
isaubreT, rogori SeiZleba iyos Tanasworobis qveyana realurad da ra<br />
dabrkolebebi SeiZleba arsebobdes.<br />
� moewonaT monawileebs savarjiSo? ratom?<br />
� sami sakiTxidan, romeli iyo yvelaze advili mosafiqreblad?<br />
yvelaze rTuli? ratom?<br />
� ra iyo Tanasworobis qveynis mTavari maxasiaTeblebi?<br />
� ra ZiriTadi dabrkolebebi uSlis xels amJamindel sazogadoebebs<br />
idealur Tanasworobis qveynad gadaqcevaSi?<br />
� ra unda Seicvalos imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas sazogadoeba, sadac<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba realobaa?<br />
� aris pozitiuri diskriminaciis politika gamarTlebuli, rogorc<br />
moklevadiani zomebi genderuli Tanasworobis ufro maRali<br />
xarisxis miRwevisaTvis?<br />
� msoflios yvela qveynebs Soris Tqveni qveyana rom SegefasebinaT<br />
mamakacebisa da qalebisaTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis micemis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, ra adgils miscemdiT mas 10 balian Skalaze, sadac 1<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
195
Zalian uTanasworoa xolo 10 TiTqmis idealur Tanasworobas<br />
udris.<br />
� kidev romeli jgufebia diskriminirebuli Tqven qveyanaSi? rogor<br />
aisaxeba es? adamianis romeli uflebebi irRveva konkretulad?<br />
� rogor SeiZleba gaZlierdes araprivilegirebuli jgufebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi maTi uflebebis dacvis mizniT?<br />
� ra rols asrulebs ganaTleba aqtiuri moqmedebebis<br />
SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebaSi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tu monawileebi Seyovndebian Tavisi ideebis gamoxatvaze, SegiZliaT<br />
daexmaroT Semdegi ideis SeTavazebiT: daxateT qali, romelic iyenebs<br />
ganaTlebis xids advokatobis msurveli qalebis mimarT prekoncefciebis<br />
mdinaris gadasalaxad. sxva magaliTi SeiZleba iyos kaci, romelic<br />
siamovnebiT muSaobs mcirewlovani bavSvebis aRmzrdelad. rasakvirvelia,<br />
mogiwevT moifiqroT genderuli stereotipirebis magaliTebi, romlebic<br />
asaxaven Tqveni sazogadoebis realobas!<br />
variantebi<br />
jgufebma, SeiZleba, Seqmnan ladSaftebis modelebi “xaraxuris”<br />
gamoyenebiT. am SemTxvevaSi unda gqondeT patara yuTebis, milebis,<br />
qaRaldebis, qvebis, Tokebisa da Salis, skrepebis da sxva msgavsi nivTebis<br />
kargi koleqcia. aseve, webo da muyaos qaRaldi modelebis fundamentis<br />
mosamzadeblad.<br />
awmyodan momavalSi mimavali gzis ruqis Sedgenis meTodi, SeiZleba,<br />
miesadagos sakiTxebis umravlesobas, Tuki gsurT monawileebi Tavisuflad<br />
da SemoqmedebiTad miudgnen promblemebis gadasawyveti gzebis Ziebas.<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
ufro Rrmad SeiswavleT genderuli, an sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic<br />
savarjiSos msvlelobis dros wamoiWra. magaliTad, SesaZloa, moiZioT<br />
literatura adgilobriv biblioTekaSi, an internetSi, an sTxovoT Tqvens<br />
sazogadoebaSi romelime konkretuli jgufis uTanasworobis sakiTxebze<br />
momuSave organizaciis warmomadgenels gewvioT da gaesaubros Tqvens<br />
jgufs.<br />
alternatiuli varianti aris diskriminaciisa da myari ganviTarebis<br />
konteqstSi kulturuli identifikaciis uflebis sakiTxebis ganxilva<br />
savarjiSos “maka - veSapebze monadire” saSualebiT (gv. 217).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
gadaxedeT sakuTar skolas, klubs, an samuSao adgils Tanaswori<br />
genderuli SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiT, imsjeleT politikis gatarebis<br />
gzebze, aris Tu ara saWiro raime cvlilebebi, an damatebiTi Zalisxmeva<br />
Tqveni organizaciis Tanasworobis qveynis donemde asayvanad.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
196 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
am savarjiSos safuZvels warmoadgens koncefcia `uflebamosilebis<br />
gafarToeba~. misi gadaTargmna da zogjer ganmarteba TviT inglisur enazec<br />
ki, sakmaod rTulia! `uflebamosilebis gafarToeba~ (empowerement) aris,<br />
rogorc saSualeba, aseve Sedegi im pedagogiuri modelisa, romelsac<br />
`ganmanTavisuflebel~ ganaTlebas uwodeben .<br />
`uflebamosilebis gafarToeba~ oqsfamis mier SemoTavazebuli erTerTi<br />
ganmartebis mixedviT aris:<br />
`uflebamosilebis gafarToeba~ gulisxmobs Cagvris iseTi formebis<br />
dagmobas, romlebic TavianTi sazogadoebis farglebSi milionobiT<br />
adamians aiZulebs Seasrulos Tavisi daniSnuleba uTanasworo pirobebSi,<br />
an adamianis uflebebis darRveviT.<br />
iTamaSe!<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
197
sporti<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
10-15<br />
45 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
„sicocxle hgavs TamaSs, romelSic RmerTi banqos Wris, eSmaki<br />
arigebs da Cven ki kozirebs CavdivarT“<br />
iugoslaviuri Tqmuleba<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
sporti, mSvidoba da Zaladoba, adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi<br />
done 3<br />
10 – 15<br />
45 wuTi<br />
es aris banqos TamaSze agebuli situacia,<br />
romelSic yvela moTamaSe ar TamaSobs “patiosnad”.<br />
savarjiSoSi ganixileba konfliqturi situaciebi<br />
da maTi mogvarebis gzebs.<br />
� gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi<br />
monawileobis ufleba.<br />
� Rirsebisa da uflebebis Tanasworoba<br />
� kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTliani<br />
mopyrobis ufleba<br />
� problemebis amocnobis swavla da maTi<br />
warmoSobis keris povna<br />
� konfliqtebis daregulirebis unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� monawileobis, TanamSromlobis da sxvebis<br />
pativiscemis mniSvnelobis TvalsaCinoeba.<br />
� standartuli saTamaSo banqos dasta<br />
� rolebis baraTebi<br />
� gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul informacias<br />
konfliqtebis daregulirebis Sesaxeb da<br />
gaacnobiereT TamaSis procesi<br />
� daamzadeT TiToeuli baraTi-rolis erTi asli;<br />
gadawereT an gaamravleT aslis gadamReb aparatze.<br />
� cal-calke da sxvebisagan malulad airCieT<br />
oTxi monawile specialuri rolebis<br />
Sesasruleblad. daurigeT maT baraTi-rolebi da<br />
gaafrTxileT maT, rom rolebi saidumlod unda<br />
Seinaxon.<br />
1. SekribeT monawileebi da SeTavazeT banqos TamaSSi. airCion martivi<br />
da yvelasaTvis nacnobi TamaSi, magaliTad, ”duraka” an ”loTi”<br />
2. gadaamowmeT, rom yvelam icis TamaSis wesebi; Tu vinmem ar icis,<br />
mokled ganumarteT (amave dros, ”wesebis amxsnels” mieciT<br />
saSualeba iTamaSos Tavisi roli).<br />
198 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
3. daiwyeT TamaSi, dae igi rac SeiZleba didxans gagrZeldes<br />
(monawileebi Tavad Seecadon Camoayalibon sakamaTo situaciebis<br />
ganmuxtvis meqanizmi. CaerieT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
monawileebi ar iCenen iniciativas an, Tuki situacia daiZabeba.<br />
Tqveni Careva unda iyos rac SeiZleba taqtiani da<br />
SeZlebisdagvarad, mxolod TamaSis mimdinare raundis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg).<br />
4. TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg, mieciT monawileebs damSvidebisa da<br />
rolidan gamosvlis saSualeba da gadadiT Sedegebis Sejamebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
TamaSis ganmavlobaSi kamaTis daregulirebis mcdelobebma ukve gamoiwvia<br />
araerTi diskusia. amjerad monawileebs mieciT saSualeba, rom gamoxaton<br />
STabeWdilebebi savarjiSos Sesaxeb da moyven, ra gaiges axali Suamavlobis<br />
da konfliqtebis mogvarebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� moewonaT monawileebs savarjiSo? ra xdeboda TamaSis<br />
msvlelobisas?<br />
� oTx monawiles hqonda gansakuTrebuli roli; vin iyvnen isini da ra<br />
rolebs asaxierebdnen?<br />
� ra moxda TamaSis CaSlis pirveli mcdelobis Semdeg? TiToeulma<br />
moTamaSem rigrigobiT gamoTqvas azri, ra SeamCnia da rogori iyo<br />
misi reaqcia?<br />
� rogor Caisaxa konfliqtebis daregulirebis idea? rogor moxda<br />
maTi realizeba?<br />
� xom ar iwvevda moTamaSeebSi sasowarkveTilebas xelmZRvanelis<br />
moqmedebebi, romelic Suamavlobas cdilobda, imis magivrad, rom<br />
Careuliyo da aexsna, rogor unda warmarTuliyo TamaSi?<br />
� SeuZliaT monawileebs gamoyon konfliqtis mogvarebis etapebi?<br />
� realur cxovrebaSi ra dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs<br />
konliqtis mogvarebas dialogis, da ara diqtaturis gziT?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
Tu monawileebi Tavad cdiloben konfliqtis mogvarebis gzebis povnas,<br />
ecadeT Tqveni Careva minimumamde daiyvanoT. bolosdabolos swored esaa<br />
savarjiSos amocana da, Tu monawileebi SeZleben damoukideblad SeiZinon<br />
amgvari unar-Cvevebi, es SesaniSnavi iqneba! Tu ase moxdeba, Tqven mxolod<br />
maTi am mcdelobebis Sefaseba mogiwevT Sedegebis Sejamebis procesSi.<br />
TamaSis mimdinareobisas, SeecadeT daexmaroT monawileebs sakuTari<br />
meTodebisa da gadawyvetilebebis ZiebaSi. amisaTvis, daeyrdeniT<br />
konfliqtebis mogvarebis wesebs anu egreT wodebul ”principialur<br />
molaparakebebs”, romlebic Seicaven sam ZiriTad etaps:<br />
1. konfliqtis arsis gacnobiereba<br />
� nu ikamaTebT poziciebis Sesaxeb (am SemTxvevaSi ara aris<br />
saWiro kamaTi, Tu vinaa marTali da vin mtyuani).<br />
� gansazRvreT problema (daazusteT, ra moxda)<br />
i SabaTi<br />
rativebis<br />
iso dRe 199<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� ganacalkeveT adamiani problemisagan (ar misceT monawileebs<br />
erTmaneTis Seuracxyofis saSualeba. yuradReba gaamaxvileT im<br />
moqmedebebze, romlebmac warmoSves problema).<br />
a. daSvebuli Secdomebis diagnostika da SesaZlo gadawyvetilebis<br />
Zieba.<br />
� yuradReba gaamaxvileT saerTo interesebze, da ara sxvadasxva<br />
poziciebze. anu, eZebeT saerTo dasayrdeni. (undaT banqos<br />
TamaSi, Tu ara?)<br />
� moifiqreT mdgomareobidan gamosavali, romelic yvelasTvis<br />
misaRebia. SesTavazeT gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic yvelas<br />
daakmayofilebs da yvelasTvis samarTliani iqneba (magaliTad,<br />
TamaSis ukanaskneli raundis gadaTamaSeba. ikiTxeT, iqneb<br />
Rirdes wesebis gadaxedva? saWiroa amaze msjeloba? iqneb,<br />
sajarimo sanqciebi daawesoT? aris sxva ideebi?).<br />
3. Sesaferisi gadawyvetilebebis realizeba<br />
� daJinebiT moiTxoveT obieqturi kriteriumebi (am SemTxvevaSi<br />
daazusteT wesebi da sajarimo sanqciebi).<br />
� monawileoba. miaRwieT, rom mokamaTeebma Tavad miiRon monawileoba<br />
problebis mogvarebaSi da Tavis Tavze aiRon pasuxismgebloba. Tu<br />
gadawyvetileba Tavsmoxveulia vinmes mier, maT warmatebis naklebi<br />
Sansi eqnebaT; umjobesia, Tu mxareebi Tavad iqnebian yvelasTvis<br />
misaRebi gadawyvetilebebis Ziebis procesis sruluflebiani<br />
monawileebi.<br />
gaxsovdeT, miuxedavad imisa, rom konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesi<br />
moicavs sam etaps, erTi etapis meorisgan gamijvna praqtikulad<br />
SeuZlebelia, xolo mTel rig aspeqtebSi, maTi sruli Tanxvedra<br />
gardauvalia!<br />
ar SegaSinoT iman, rom am savarjiSoSi xelmZRvanels moeTxoveba<br />
gansakuTrebuli saxis Cvevebi: araa aucilebeli gqondeT konfliqtebis<br />
mogvarebis specialistis diplomi; ar SeSindeT, Tu ver SeZlebT yvela im<br />
konfliqtis mogvarebas, romlebsac muSaobisas waawydebiT. sakuTari<br />
ostatobis ganviTarebisaTvis, cadeT gonebaSi CaataroT eqsperimenti.<br />
sakuTari gamocdilebidan gaixseneT konfliqturi situaciebi da SeecadeT<br />
gaaanalizoT isini zemoT aRwerili ”sami etapis” sqemis mixedviT.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu jgufSi 15-ze meti monawilea, SegiZliaT dayoT is qvejgufebad da<br />
erTdroulad CaataroT ori an sami TamaSi. amis gakeTeba mxolod im<br />
SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, Tu gyavT asistentebi. alternatiuli variantis<br />
saxiT, SeiZleba jgufis romelime wevrisaTvis damkvirveblis statusis<br />
SeTavazeba. maT SeuZliaT gamovidnen an damkvirveblebis rolSi, romlebic<br />
Sedegebis Sejamebisas gaiziareben STabeWdilebebs TamaSis msvlelobis<br />
Sesaxeb, an Suamavlebis rolSi. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiro gaxdeba maTi<br />
winaswari momzadeba am rolisaTvis.<br />
ko magram, ratom maincdamainc banqo? savarjiSos safuZvlad SeiZleba<br />
gamoviyenoT biliardi, an sxva TamaSebi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
200 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Tu jgufi moisurvebs, SeiZleba gavarjiSeba ”principialuri<br />
molaparakebebis” CatarebaSi. SeTavazeT savarjiSo ”dae yvelas azri iyos<br />
mosmenili!” (gv. 152). savarjiSo exeba skolebSi an klubebSi<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi struqturis Seqmnas.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
angariSi gauwieT pirovnul ganviTarebas. urCieT monawileebs ar<br />
daiviwyon ”sami etapis” meTodi, Tu isini konfliqturi situaciis pirispir<br />
aRmoCndebian, vinc ar unda iyos dapirispirebuli mxare: maswavlebeli,<br />
mSobeli, Tu megobrebi. drodadro CaatareT Sexvedrebi gamocdilebis<br />
gaziarebisa da monawileebis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebis progresze<br />
dakvirvebisaTvis.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
konfliqti _ movlena, romelic damaxasiaTebelia adamianuri<br />
urTierTobebis yvela donisaTvis, pirovnebebs Soris urTierTobebidan<br />
dawyebuli saerTaSoriso urTierTobebiT damTavrebuli.<br />
konfliqtis mogvareba _ kompleqsuri midgoma, romlis safuZvelia<br />
konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis mier TavianTi problemebis mogvarebaze<br />
erToblivi pasuxismgeblobis aReba. konfliqtis mogvareba gulisxmobs<br />
konfliqtis wyaroebis aRmoCenas, agreTve mxareebis qcevis wesebis Secvlas,<br />
rac Zaladobaze da agresiulobaze uaris TqmiT gamoixateba; aseve<br />
struqturebis cvlilebas konfliqtis eqspluataciis SesaZleblobaze<br />
uaris Tqmis gamoxatulebiT. termini miekuTvneba, rogorc aseTi<br />
cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis process (realurs an momwifebis procesSi<br />
myofs), aseve mis Sedegs.<br />
konfliqtis mogvarebis procesi mowodebulia, upirveles yovlisa,<br />
uaryofiTi emociuri energiis gasafantad, romelic mxareebs ar aZlevs<br />
dialogis saSualebas, da, meore mxriv, misces konfliqtis monawileebs<br />
moagvaron ganxeTqileba da gadalaxon maT Soris arsebuli winaaRmdegobebi,<br />
raTa gadavidnen urTierTmisaRebi gadawyvetilebebis Ziebaze, romelic<br />
aRmofxvris konfliqtis mizezebs. ukanasknel wlebSi, am sferos<br />
specialistebma daiwyes axali terminis gamoyeneba - ”konfliqtis<br />
transformacia”, rogorc konfliqtis mogvarebis grZelvadiani da Rrma<br />
struqturuli, fsiqologiuri da kulturuli aspeqtebi. amrigad,<br />
konfliqtis transformacia SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc cvlilebis<br />
yvelaze Rrma done konfliqtis daregulirebis procesSi.<br />
damatebiTi informaciis moZieba konfliqtebis mogvarebis daxelovnebaSi<br />
SegiZliaT veb-saitze: www.brad.ac.uk/acad/confres, sadac aseve mocemulia<br />
martivi, ufaso da Zalian kargi TviTmaswavlebeli. rojer fiSeris da<br />
ualiam iuris (`Getting to Yes” by Roger Fisher and William Ury, Arrow Books,<br />
1987) wigni ”rogor mivaRwioT pasuxs `diax”, klasikuri namuSevaria am<br />
Temaze da Zalian advili da gasarTobi sakiTxvia.<br />
konfliqti aris: adamianTa sxvadasxva jgufebis miznebis SeuTavsebloba<br />
an SeuTanxmebloba. termini momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan ”conflictus”<br />
rac niSnavs ”Sejaxebas” da aRniSnavs rogorc process, aseve mdgomareobas”.<br />
konfliqti gulisxmobs ori an meti adamianis brZolas raime faseulobebis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
201
dasarigebeli masala<br />
baraTi rolebi<br />
wesebis gamomgonebeli<br />
an ZalauflebisaTvis, an deficituri resursebis gamo Sejibrs”. (muri,<br />
1986)<br />
konfliqtebis mogvareba damyarebulia TanamSromlobaze.<br />
is aqcentirebulia subieqtur aRqmebze da grZelvadian midgomebze,<br />
romlebic mimarTulia konfliqtis mizezebis aRmofxvrisaken. da mxareTa<br />
Soris urTierTobas gaumjobesebisaken, raTa Seqmnas maTTvis momgebiani<br />
situacia, yovelgvari iZulebis gareSe.<br />
Tqven cdilobT SeqmnaT axali wesebi TamaSisaTvis. Tqven ar msjelobT da ar uTanxmebT maT jgufis sxva<br />
wevrebs – ubralod moqmedebT sakuTari iniciativiT! ra Tqma unda, es wesebi Tqven interesebs<br />
emsaxureba!<br />
wesebi, romlebsac Tqven adgenT SeiZleba mniSvnelovani an umniSvnelo iyos, magram amis miuxedavad Tqven<br />
unda iyoT principuli da dabejiTebiT amtkicoT Tqveni simarTle da moiTxovoT Tqvens mier<br />
gamogonebuli TamaSis wesebis dacva.<br />
bralmdebeli<br />
Tqven xarT adamiani vinc mudmivad Slis TamaSs sxvebis dadanaSaulebiT, rom isini ar icaven wesebs, welaven<br />
dros, arasworad Wrian karts an raime amdagvari.<br />
Tqven namdvilad mogwonT yvelafris areva, mciredi Cxubic ar iqneboda urigo. ase rom, ubralod ecadeT<br />
TiTi gaSviroT udanaSaulo xalxze.<br />
TaRliTi<br />
Tqven mudmivad ityuebiT TamaSis dros. iRebT zedmet banqos drodadro, iwerT ufro met qulebs TqvenTvis<br />
da naklebs sxvebisTvis.<br />
ecadeT daiwyoT motyueba farulad. daayovneT cota vidre Tqveni tyuilebi gaxdeba ufro aSkara da<br />
provokaciuli. dasawyisSi unda uaryoT yvelanairi braldeba magram TandaTan unda moifiqroT rogor<br />
warmarToT Tqveni rolis TamaSi im gadawyvetilebebisa da msjelobis mixedviT, romlebsac adgili<br />
hqonda konfliqtis mogvarebis procesSi.<br />
wagebuli<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar moigoT TamaSi. iTamaSeT rac SeiZleba cudad yvela raundSi. magram amave<br />
dros unda gaiTamaSoT personaJi, romelsac uyvars mogeba Tu ar igebT gamodixarT wyobidan,<br />
da ambobT an akeTebT yvelafers, raTa mogebulebma Tavi Zalian cudad igrZnon. (mag. moisvriT<br />
karts an RrialebT).<br />
inscenireba<br />
202 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
maCveneT ras guslixmobT adamianis uflebebSi<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, bavSvebi, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 2<br />
9 da meti<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo monawileebs sTavazobs<br />
ganaxorcielon dadgan Teatraluri scena, raTa<br />
Seagulianos isini:<br />
� gadaxedon TavianT saerTo warmodgenebs<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
� Seecadon ipovon sxvadasxva gzebi am<br />
warmodgenebis gamoxatvis gadmosacemad.<br />
� yvela<br />
� monawileebis codnis garkveva adamianis<br />
uflebebTan dakavSirebiT<br />
� kulturaTaSorisi da komunikaciis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� TanamSromlobisa da SemoqmedebiTi Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� rekviziti: kostumebi, saTamaSoebi,<br />
sayofacxovrebo nivTebi, da a.S.<br />
� furclebi, feradi markerebi, feradi carcebi<br />
� webo, Toki da muyao<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom savarjiSos mizania adamianis uflebaTa saerTo<br />
ideis an koncefciis Teatraluri xelovnebis xerxebiT<br />
gadmocema, romelic gasagebi iqneba sxvadasxva kulturis mqone<br />
da sxvadasxva enebze molaparake adamianebisaTvis.<br />
2. ganumarteT, rom ar unda gamoiyenon sityvebi: es unda iyos<br />
pantomima, Tumca, survilisamebr, SeuZliaT gamoiyenon<br />
zogierTi masala an rekviziti.<br />
3. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire 4-6 wevrian jgufebad da<br />
mieciT TiToeul jgufs didi zomis furceli da markerebis<br />
an feradi carcebis kompleqti.<br />
4. mieciT jgufs 10 wuTi, raTa gansazRvron adamianis<br />
uflebebTan dakavSirebuli TavianTi ideebi, da Semdeg<br />
daasaxelon 2-3 ZiriTadi idea, romelTa warmodgenasac<br />
apireben pantomimaSi.<br />
5. amis Semdeg mieciT jgufs 30 wuTi pantomimis momzadebisaTvis<br />
da repeticiisaTvis. auxseniT, rom es jgufuri davalebaa,<br />
sadac TiToeulma monawilem Tavisi roli unda Seasrulos.<br />
dekemberi<br />
uflebaTa<br />
dRe<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo 203<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
bavSvebi<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
9 da meti<br />
90 wuTi
6. rodesac 30 wuTi amoiwureba, SekribeT jgufi erTad, raTa<br />
TiToeulma jgufma SeZlos danarCenebis warmodgenis naxva.<br />
7. yoveli warmodgenis Semdeg gamoyaviT ramodenime wuTi<br />
kometarebisa da diskusiisaTvis.<br />
8. sTxoveT mayurebels SemogTavazon nanaxis TavianTi<br />
interpretacia da ecadon gansazRvron ZiriTadi ideebi, ris<br />
warmodgenasac cdilobdnen ideebis avtorebi.<br />
9. Semdeg mieciT jgufs saSualeba ganmarton momentebi,<br />
romlebic ar asaxula inscenirebisas. gaimeoreT es TiToeuli<br />
warmodgenis Semdeg.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
axla mimoixileT Tavad savarjiSo.<br />
� rogor moewonaT monawileebs is? iyo is imaze metad an naklebad<br />
rTuli vidre maT Tavidan warmoedginaT? ra iyo yvelaze rTuli<br />
aspeqtebi an yvelaze rTuli sakiTxebi warmosadgenad?<br />
� Seityves monawileebma raime axali adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb?<br />
� iyo msgavsebebi an gansxvavebebi jgufebs Soris? iyo raime<br />
fundamenturi uTanxmoeba adamianis uflebebis ideasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT? ratom?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
im SemTxveveis garda Tu monawileebi absoluturad ar icnoben<br />
adamianis uflebebis koncefcias, ufro sainteresoa am savarjiSos<br />
Sesruleba xelmZRvanelis minimaluri daxmarebis fonze. ZiriTadi mizani<br />
aris STabeWdilebis da warmodgenis Seqmna imaze Tu ra Seiswavles<br />
monawileebma cxovrebis manZilze adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxze<br />
saubari jgufTan Zalian mniSvnelovania vidre isini muSaobas daiwyeben raTa<br />
maT SezRudulad ar igrZnon Tavi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb arazusti<br />
warmodgenis gamo.<br />
naTlad auxseniT, rom maTi amocana aris zogadad adamianis uflebebis<br />
aRwera da ara konkretulad erTi an ori uflebis ilustrireba. maT<br />
SeiZleba gadawyviton erTi romelime uflebis SerCeva zogadi sakiTxebis<br />
warmosaCenad, magram unda axsovdeT, rom maT evalebaT imis Cveneba Tu ra<br />
aris saerTo adamianis sxvadasxva uflebebisaTvis. mecadineobis bolos<br />
mayurebelma unda SeZlos kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema (an miuaxlovdes pasuxs)<br />
“ra aris adamianis uflebebi”?<br />
ar misceT neba maT vinc fiqrobs, rom cudad SeuZlia rolis<br />
Sesruleba aqtiurad ar CaerTos TamaSSi! ganmarteT, rom uamravi rolia<br />
Sesasrulebeli yvelasTvis da rom am rolebis warmodgena unda iyos mTeli<br />
jgufisTvis sasiamovno. ramodenime araordinalurma rekvizitma (nebismieri<br />
ram tafidan dawyebuli, saTamaSo manqanebiT, qudebiT, baliSebiT, qvebiT,<br />
nagvis yuTiT da a.S. damTavrebuli)… SeiZleba sicocxle STaberos<br />
warmodgenas da xeli Seuwyos SemoqmedebiTi ideebis dabadebas.<br />
variantebi<br />
204 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
SesaZloa am savarjiSos Sesruleba moindomoT xatvis gamoyenebiT:<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs warmoadginon plakati – kvlav sityvebis gamoyenebis<br />
gareSe - adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi ideebis asaxvisaTvis.<br />
savarjiSo aseve SeiZleba Sesruldes naklebad warmodgeniTi xasiaTis<br />
stilSi da ufro metad imisaTvis, rom moaxdinos monawileebis azrebis<br />
organizeba da naTlad Camoyalibeba mas Semdeg rac isini Seasruleben<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebul zogierT savarjiSos an ganaxorcieleben<br />
damoukidebel kvlevas.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
gadaxedeT adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb Seqmnil piesebs an literaturis<br />
sxva nawarmoebebs da moawyveT dramatuli warmodgenis organizeba<br />
adgilobrivi sazogadoebis wevrebis monawileobiT.<br />
Tu jgufi moisurvebs gaagrZelos am kuTxiT muSaoba da gadaxedos<br />
zogierT konkretul adamianis uflebas, ratomac ar unda SesTavazoT maT<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia da 105 gverdze mocemuli savarjiSos “bavSvTa<br />
uflebebis” Sesruleba.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
SesaZloa Tqven Tavad dadgaT mimodrama an jgufis mier dadgmuli<br />
warmodgena SesTavazoT gareSe mayurebels. Tu plakatis Seqmnis variants<br />
airCevT moawyveT Seqmnili plakatebis gamofena. orive idea warmatebiT<br />
SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli “adamianis uflebaTa dRis” aRsaniSnavad.<br />
internetis zegavlena<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
205
media<br />
globalizacia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
8-50<br />
180 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
hebismier mowinave teqnologiaSi winaswaraa Cadebuli<br />
politikuri an socialuri ganzraxva<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
media, globalizacia, adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
done 4<br />
8 –50<br />
180 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo moicavs, rogorc mcire jgufebSi<br />
muSaobas aseve plenarul sxdomebs Semdegi<br />
sakiTxebis gasaanalizeblad:<br />
� internetisa da cifruli “wyalgamyofis”<br />
momavali<br />
� internetis gamoyeneba adamianis uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis.<br />
� adamianis yvela ufleba<br />
� yuradRebis gamaxvileba msoflioSi internetis<br />
gamoyenebisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis<br />
Sedegebze.<br />
� fantaziisa da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� solidarobisa da samarTlianobis grZnobis<br />
damkvidreba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
moRvawe adamianebis mimarT<br />
� dasarigebeli masalis aslebi<br />
� didi zomis furclebi da markerebi yvela<br />
jgufisaTvis<br />
� sivrce mcire jgufebis muSaobisa da<br />
plenaruli sxdomebisaTvis.<br />
es savarjiSo sruldeba sam nawilad: nawili I – Sesavali (10 wuTi),<br />
nawili II – internetis gavlenis prognozireba (60 wuTi) da nawili III,<br />
rogor SeiZleba internetis gamoyeneba adamianis uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis (90 wuTi).<br />
nawili 1. Sesavali (10 wuTi)<br />
1. gaacaniT savarjiSo monawileebs da ganmarteT, rom misi<br />
SesrulebisaTvis saWiroa fantaziisa da kritikuli azrovnebis<br />
unari. maTi amocana iqneba internetis da axali sainformacio<br />
teqnologiebis gavlenis Sefaseba Cven cxovrebaze da adamianis<br />
uflebebis sferoSi muSaobaze.<br />
2. swrafi „moTelvisa“ da zogadi informaciis miwodebis mizniT<br />
warudgineT jgufs ramodenime ZiriTadi faqti internetis Sesaxeb<br />
da Semdeg sTxoveT maT isaubron wyvilebad internetiT<br />
sargeblobis TavianTi piradi gamocdilebis da misi gamoyenebis<br />
206 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
� interneti<br />
dakavSirebuli<br />
msoflio qsel<br />
� mTel msof<br />
internetiT sar<br />
SeuZlia 150 m<br />
� interneti<br />
momxmareblebis<br />
CrdiloeT amer<br />
iaponiasa da av<br />
� rodesac l<br />
cifrul gamyof<br />
gulisxmoben ax<br />
sainformacio t
dadebiT da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sesaxeb. amisaTvis gamoyaviT<br />
daaxloebiT 10 wuTi.<br />
nawili 2. internetis gavlenis prognozireba (60 wuTi)<br />
1. daarigeT # 1 dasarigebeli masalis aslebi, „6 varianti<br />
internetis gavlenis prognozirebisaTvis“. ganmarteT, rom<br />
gadawyvetilebebis polarizebis mizniT scenarebi dawerilia<br />
sakmaod ukidures formebSi.<br />
2. sTxoveT TiToeul wyvils gadawyvitos romel scenars ufro meti<br />
albaToba aqvs axdenis da romels naklebi. mieciT maT am amocanis<br />
Sesasruleblad 15 wuTi.<br />
3. sTxoveT monawileebs Seikribon plenarul sxdomaze TavianTi<br />
gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb komentarebis gasakeTeblad. ecadeT<br />
SeajamoT diskusia Semdegi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb:<br />
� yvelaze realuri scenari<br />
� adamianis uflebebis kavSiri sainformacio teqnologiebTan, mag.<br />
azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba.<br />
� cifruli gamyofi<br />
4. sTxoveT 1 an 2 monawiles dafaze Camoweron ZiriTadi punqtebi.<br />
nawili 3. rogor SeiZleba internetis gamoyeneba adamianis uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis (90 wuTi).<br />
1. dayaviT monawileebi 5 jgufad a – e. daurigeT maT masala. yovel<br />
monawiles a jgufSi unda hqondes ”a jgufis masalis” asli<br />
”momavlis scenari: pesimisturi TvalTaxedva”, b jgufis yvela<br />
wevrma unda miiRos ”b jgufis masalis” asli ”momavlis scenari:<br />
optimisturi TvalTaxedva”, da a.S.<br />
2. mieciT maT 20 wuTi masalis gasacnobad da zogadi komentarebis<br />
urTierTgasaziareblad.<br />
3. sTxoveT maT ganixilon fircelze mocemuli informacia I nawilis<br />
internetis gavlenis Sesaxeb diskusiis SedegebTan mimarTebaSi. maT<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion samuSaos am nawils<br />
radganac is sTavazobs monawileebs savarjiSos III nawilTan<br />
dakavSirebul aqtualur informacias.<br />
4. dayaviT monawileebi axal jgufebad. TiToeul jgufSi unda iyos 5<br />
wevri: erTi a yofili jgufidan, meore b jgufidan, da a.S.<br />
5. yvela am axali jgufis amocanaa gadawyviton ra aris internetis<br />
sami yvelaze mniSvnelovani upiratesoba an gamoyeneba adamianis<br />
uflebebis damkvidrebisaTvis.<br />
6. SesTavazeT maT daiwyon informaciis gacvlis raundiT da<br />
pirvelebma azri gamoTqvan g, d, da e jgufebis wevrebma. (anu<br />
jgufebma, romlebsac aqvT informacia arasamTavrobo seqtoris<br />
muSaobis Sesaxeb.) da daasrulon a da b jgufis wevrebma. amis<br />
Semdeg Tqven ukeT SegeZlebaT internetiT sargeblobis gansazRvra<br />
da amocanis gadaWra adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi.<br />
7. maT aseve unda daniSnon momxsenebeli, romelic Sedegebs Camowers<br />
dafaze daskvniTi plenaruli sxdomisaTvis. mieciT monawileebs 35<br />
wuTi am fazis dasrulebisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
207
8. moiwvieT monawileebi plenarul sxdomaze TavianTi muSaobis<br />
gamocdilebis gaziarebisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT Tavad savarjiSos da moTamaSeebis monawileobis mimoxilviT.<br />
Semdeg gaarkvieT ra iswavles maT.<br />
� ra codna gaaCndaT monawileebs internetis Sesaxeb Tavidanve?<br />
ramdenad xSirad sargebloben isini internetiT? risTvis iyeneben<br />
isini internets?<br />
� iyo raime ”cifruli gamyofi” monawileebs Soris? ra gavlenas<br />
axdenda es moTamaSeebis unarze monawileoba mieRoT savarjiSoSi?<br />
igrZnes zogierTebma Tavi gariyulad radganac isini ar Tvlidnen<br />
sakuTar Tavs sakmaod kompetenturad imisaTvis, rom wvlili<br />
SeetanaT savarjiSoSi?<br />
� ganixilavdnen sxvebi am gamocdilebis simwires jgufis muSaobaSi<br />
dabrkolebad?<br />
� ra aris iseT jgufSi muSaobis upiratesoba, romelSic xalxs<br />
gansxvavebuli gamocdileba da damokidebuleba aqvT sakiTxis<br />
mimarT?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze saintereso rac monawileebma Seityves adamianis<br />
uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe arasamTavrobo seqtoris Sesaxeb? iyo<br />
raime moulodneloba?<br />
� saerTo jamSi gadawonis Tu ara internetiT sargeblobis dadebiTi<br />
mxareebi mis uaryobiT mxareebs adamianis uflebebis propagandis<br />
TvalsazrisiT?<br />
� ra unda gakeTdes uaryofiTi mxareebis gamosasworeblad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
savarjiSos dawyebamde SeafaseT ramdenad erkvevian monawileebi<br />
internetSi raTa SeZloT savarjiSos donisa da zogadi midgomis SerCeva.<br />
analizis dros kargia axali sainformacio teqnologiebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobis rogorc globalur aseve adgilobriv sakiTxebze<br />
yuradRebis gamaxvileba da ecadeT, rom maT visac naklebad an ar aqvT<br />
internetiT sargeblobis saSualeba gamoxaton TavianTi azrebi da grZnobebi.<br />
cifrul gamyofTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxvebis mizani da sxvadasxva<br />
gamocdilebis mqone monawileebTan muSaobis upiratesoba aris maTi<br />
waxaliseba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi ganixilon sxvadasxva<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
variantebi<br />
SegiZliaT ganavrcoT savarjiSo da masSi CarToT konsensusis miRwevis<br />
sakiTxebi Semdegi gziT:<br />
1. I nawilis me-4 etapis Semdeg (wyvilebad muSaoba) sTxoveT<br />
TiToeul wyvils SeuerTdes sxva wyvils da 4 wevrian jgufSi<br />
erTmaneTs Seadaron TavianTi arCevani mividnen konsensusamde imis<br />
Sesaxeb Tu romeli scenaris mixedviT ufro metad da romlis<br />
mixedviT ufro naklebad savaraudoa movlenebis ganviTareba.<br />
208 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sTxoveT TiToeul oTxeuls ramodenime winadadeba daamaton<br />
scenars, romelic maTi azriT yvelaze metad savaraudoa rom<br />
ganxorcieldes am scenaris realizaciis potenciuri Sedegebis<br />
Sesaxeb adamianis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi (mag: azris gamoTqmis<br />
ufleba). am samuSaos azri mdgomareobs, rom konsensusamde yvelaze<br />
swrafad misulma jgufebma, unda gaagrZelon arCeul scenarze<br />
erTad fiqri da gaiTavison is Semdeg safexurze gadasvlamde.<br />
(15wT)<br />
2. axla sTxoveT TiToeul oTxeuls SeuerTdnen sxva oTxeuls da 8<br />
wevriani jgufSi Seadaron TavianTi variantebi konsensusamde<br />
misvlis mcdelobiT Tu romeli scenariT ufro metad da romliT<br />
ufro naklebad savaraudoa movlenebis ganviTareba. sTxoveT<br />
TiToeul jgufs daniSnon Tavis warmomadgeneli (15 wT). 15 wuTis<br />
gasvlis Semdeg gaagrZeleT 5 safexurze aRwerili wesebis mixedviT<br />
e.i. moismineT jgufis moxseneba plenarul sxdomaze.<br />
3. sxdomaze sTxoveT monawileebs waikiTxon damatebuli ZiriTadi<br />
winadadebebi, romlebic exeba adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebs da<br />
ganmarton TavianTi arCevanis ZiriTadi mizezebi. mouwodeT<br />
monawileebs (da ara marto momxseneblebs):<br />
� isaubron sxvadasxva jgufebis mier gakeTebuli arCevanis<br />
msgavsebebze da gansxvavebebze<br />
� arCevanis mamoZravebeli motivebi<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis kavSiri internetTan.<br />
� arCeuli scenaris(ebis) realuri Sedegebi<br />
4. aseve sTxoveT monawileebs isaubron TavianTi muSaobis Sesaxeb.<br />
� Seicvales monawileebma azri sxvadasxva molaparakebebis<br />
procesSi?<br />
� iyo rTuli ufro did jgufebSi muSaoba?<br />
� vis mxares iyo upiratesoba (mag. internetis<br />
gamocdili/gamoucdeli momxmareblebi)”<br />
� SeeZloT monawileebs Tavisuflad gamoeTqvaT TavianTi azri<br />
internetis moxmarebis kompetenciis miuxedavad?<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
mouwodeT monawileebs daaTvalieron masalaze ”arasamTavrobo seqtoris<br />
profili” miTiTebuli vebgverdebi da internetbmulebi<br />
amis Semdeg maT SeuZliaT ifiqron momavali proeqtis momzadebaze<br />
(a) gamoiyenon arsebuli internet resursebi maT ubanSi adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informirebis gazrdisaTvis<br />
(b) ipovon internetis gamoyenebis axali gzebi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sakiTxebis propganadis mizniT.<br />
(g) Seqmnan TavianTi sakuTari vebgverdebi da daukavSirdnen sxva<br />
axalgazrdul jgufebs.<br />
Tu monawileebs dainteresebT interenetiT sargeblobis konkretuli<br />
magaliTebis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi mimarTeT savarjiSos<br />
”roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe~ (gv. 254). am savrjiSoSi, romelic,<br />
eZRvneba sicocxlis uflebas, gamoyenebulia sikvdilmisjilis mier Seqmnili<br />
veb-gverdis masala.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
17 maisi<br />
telekomunikaciebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
209
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
gamoiyeneT savarjiSoSi SemuSavebuli ideebi Semdgomi qmedebisaTvis, an<br />
airCieT masalaze ”arasamTavrobo seqtoris profili” miTiTebul<br />
vebgverdebze da internetbmulebze SemoTavazebuli uamravi<br />
SesaZleblobebidan erT-erTi<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
gaeros ganviTarebis programis 2001 wlis ”adamianis ganviTarebis<br />
Sesaxeb moxseneba” aqcents akeTebs cifrul gamyofze da misi mopoveba<br />
SeiZleba www.undp.org vebgverdze.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
internetis zemoqmedebis prognozirebis eqvsi SesaZlo varianti<br />
1. msoflio ukeTesi gaxdeba! 2010 wlisaTvis mosflios yvela mcxovrebi CarTuli iqneba<br />
interneti usargeblos gaxdis maRaziebs, ofisebs da biznes mivlinebebs. es dazogavs imden fu<br />
yvelaferi ufaso gaxdeba. omebs bolo moeReba. yvela iqneba bednieri!<br />
2. msoflio uaresi gaxdeba! 2010 wlisaTvis msoflios yvela mcxovrebi CarTuli iqneba qselS<br />
ganviTarebuli kapitalisturi sazogadoebis gareT mcxovrebi milionobiT adamiani, romelTa<br />
yoveldRiurad izrdeba kvlav siRaribeSi icxovrebs. Sedegad gamowveuli arastabiluroba ga<br />
msoflio omebs an bolos vinme gamoiyenebs birTvuli bombis recepts – romelic internet<br />
ganTavsebuli. yvela daiRupeba.<br />
3. adamianebi daipyroben internets. 2010 wlisaTvis internet trafikis moculoba naTeli niSa<br />
210 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
jgufi a. momavlis scenari: pesimisturi TvalTaxedva<br />
nil postmani, ”5 mosazreba teqnologiuri cvlilebebis Sesaxeb”.<br />
pirveli, Cven yovelTvis viRebT teqnologiebis safasurs, rac ufro maRalia teqnologiis done, miT ufro<br />
maRalia fasi.<br />
meore, yovelTvis arseboben gamarjvebulebi da damarcxebulebi, da rom gamarjvebulebi mudmivad cdiloben<br />
daumtkicon damarcxebulebs rom isini namdvilad gamarjvebulebi arian.<br />
mesame, yvela maRal teqnologiaSi Cadebulia epistemologiuri, politikuri da socialuri prekoncefciebi.<br />
rom zogjer mikerZoeba Zalianac xelsayrelia CvenTvis, zogjer ki ara. beWdviTma presam srulad<br />
gaanadgura oratoruli tradiciebi, telegrafma daipyro sivrce, televiziam daaknina sityva, kompiuteri<br />
albaT gamoiwvevs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis degradacias. da a.S.<br />
meoTxe, teqnologiuri cvlileba ar aris danamati, mas ekologiuri xasiaTi aqvs, rac niSnavs rom is cvlis<br />
yvelafers da amdenad Zalian mniSvnelovania imisaTvis rom mTlianad bil geiTsis nebaze iyos miSvebuli<br />
da mexuTe, teqnologias aqvs miTad gadaqcevis tendencia; e.i. SeuZlia iyos aRqmuli saganTa bunebrivi<br />
wyobis nawilad da amdenad aqvs tendencia ufro meti kontroli moipovos Cven cxovrebaze vidre es Cven<br />
gvsurs.<br />
(nawyveti konferenciaze warmoTqmuli sityvidan, ”axali teqnologiebi da pirovneba: rwmenis gamoxatva axal aTaswleulSi” denveri,<br />
kolorado, 27 marti, 1998.<br />
www.newtech.otg/address10_en.htm<br />
b. momavlis scenari: optimisturi TvalTaxedva<br />
i, ”interneti rogorc damxmare moqalaqeTa saqmianobaSi”<br />
iT dainteresebuli xalxisaTvis me vfiqrob scenari optimisturia. iseve rogorc nebismieri didi<br />
eba da miRweva interneti qmnis SesaZleblobebs magram aseve moaqvs danakargebi. Sedegad Cven<br />
vT beWdviTi mediis garkveul danakargebs. me fviqrob es aris revolucia, romlis Sedegebze<br />
is mosaxdenad adamianebs uzarmazari SesaZleblobebi aqvT, radganac arsebobs SesaZlebloba xalxma<br />
rad Tqvas Tavisi saxelmZRvanelo saTqmeli adamianis da miiRon uflebaTa informacia. ganaTlebis sferoSi revoluciis axalgazrdebis dros monawileobiT siaxleebi, . evropis rogorc sabWo<br />
wesi<br />
magram aq ase ar xdeba.<br />
-erTi imedi internetTan dakavSirebiT aris, rom is gaxdeba damxmare moqalaqeebis saqmianobaSi da<br />
ans sxvagvar demokratiamde. me fviqrob es sakmaod mniSvnelovania CvenTvis Tu gvinda, rom ar<br />
dos socialuri dayofa gansakuTrebiT momdevno 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi vidre revolucia nel-nela<br />
fexs danarCen msoflios. Cven unda vimuSaoT erTad ara mxolod erovnul doneze, aramed<br />
urad raTa gamovZerwoT am konkretuli revoluciis momavali.<br />
211
jgufi g. arasamTavrobo seqtoris profili: saerTaSoriso amnistia<br />
1961 w. daarsebuli saerTaSoriso amnistia (www.amnesty.org) ibrZvis yvela sindisis patimris<br />
ganTavisuflebisaTvis; uzrunvelyofs samarTlian da swraf sasamarTlo procesebs politpatimrebisaTvis,<br />
ibrZvis sikvdiliT dasjis, wamebisa da patimarTa mimarT sxva sastiki mopyrobis winaaRmedg; aseve<br />
upirispirdeba politikuri mkvlelobebsa da ”gaqrobebs”, adamianis uflebebs darRvevebs, mTavrobebis an<br />
opoziciiuri jgufebis mier. saerTaSoriso amnistias yavs daaxloebiT milioni wevri da mxardamWeri<br />
msoflios 162 qveyanasa da teritoriul erTeulSi. misi saqmianoba moicavs saxalxo demonstraciebs da<br />
oficialuri werilebis gagzavnas, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebas da saqvelmoqmedo koncertebs,<br />
individualur mimarTvebs da globalur kampanis romelime konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
is aris miukerZoebeli da damoukidebeli nebismieri mTavrobisagan, politikuri an religiuri<br />
mrwamsisagan. saerTaSoriso amnistia ZiriTadad finansdeba sawevro gadasaxadebiT da xelmomwerebisagan<br />
Semowiruli TanxebiT. misi vebgveridi mkiTxvels sTavazobs sakampanio saxelmZRvanelos, samarTliani<br />
sasamarTlo procesis saxelmZRvanelos da kampaniebSi monawileobis miRebis SesaZleblobas, registracias<br />
mobiluri telefoniT saswrafo Setyobinebis miRebisaTvis (mokle teqsturi Setyobinebis saxiT) da<br />
safosto baraTebis gagzavnas wamebis aRmosafxvrelad.<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistiis muSaobis magaliTi<br />
1960iani wlebis bolos garkveuli Secdomebis daSvebisa da Sesabamisi uaryofiTi gamoxmaurebis Semdeg<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistiam SemoiRo axali wesi, rom organizaciaSi momuSave xalxs unda emuSavaT mxolod<br />
maTi qveynebis gareT ganxilul saqmeebze. saerTaSoriso amnistiis samuSaos udides nawils kvlav<br />
moxaliseebi asruleben. isini saprotesto werilebs weren mTavrobebs, romlebic arRveven adamianis da maTi<br />
opoziciuri jgufebis uflebebs, maTi dapatimrebis, Seuracyofis, muqaris, fizikuri Zaladobis, wamebis,<br />
”gaqrobis” an politikuri mkvlelobebis gziT. isini informacias avrceleben sazogadoebrivi Sekrebis<br />
adgilebze sindisis patimrebisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. isini iyeneben TavianT amouwurav inteleqts<br />
da fantazias.<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistia arasodes miiCnevs patimris ganTavisuflebas sakuTar damsaxurebad, radganac is<br />
bevri faqtoris Tavmoyris Sedegia da ara naklebad im qmedebebisa, romlebsac didi riskis fasad<br />
axorcieleben ojaxebi da megobrebi. da mainc, bevr ganTavisuflebul patimars uTqvams, rom saerTaSoriso<br />
amnistiis gamoxmaureba da werilebi Zalian mnsiSvnelovani iyo.<br />
1977 wels saerTaSoriso amnistias mieniWa nobelis mSvidobis premia misi moRvaweobisaTvis. misma<br />
”adeqi xeli moawere” kampaniam, romelic adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciis 50-e wlisTavs<br />
mieZRvna 13 milioni xelmowera Seagrova deklaraciis mxardasaWerad. 2001 w. saerTaSoriso amnistiis<br />
vebgverdma `Sewydes wameba” moipova jildo el-fostis saukeTeso gamoyenebisaTvis”. (www.stoptorture.org).<br />
jgufi d. arasamTavrobo seqtoris profili: ”dereCos hiuman raits”<br />
(www.derencos.org)<br />
dareCos adamianis uflebebi, albaT adamianis uflebebis pirveli internet organizacia daars<br />
w. daZmobilebul espanur organizaciasTan Equipo Nizkor erTad dareCosma naTlad gaacnobie<br />
internets aqvs potencia iyos yvelaze mZlavi instrumenti adamianis uflebebis darRvevis wi<br />
212 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
brZolaSi mTel msoflioSi da saSualeba misces adamianis uflebebis damcav organizaciebs<br />
kavSiri hqondeT msofliosTan.<br />
dereCos TanamSromlobs laTinuri amerikis da msoflio adamianis uflebaTa organizaciebT<br />
gaavrcelos zusti da drouli informacia am qveynebSi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi arsebuli s<br />
Sesaxeb da aseve misces maT daxmarebis saSualeba. organizacia aseve koordinirebas uwevs r<br />
adamianis uflebaTa el. fostis misamarTebis sias, gamoscems internet Jurnals adamianis u<br />
Sesaxeb da muSaobs ugzoukvlod dakargulTa xsovnisaTvis da iRwvis maTi da maTi ojaxebis
e. arasamTavrobo seqtoris profili: Human Rights Watch<br />
rw.org)<br />
anis uflebebis damkvirveblebi aris damoukidebeli, arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic<br />
a kerZo pirebis da fondebis SemonawirebiT mTeli msoflios masStabiT. organizacia daarsda<br />
s helsinkis damkvirveblebis saxelwodebiT (axla Human Rights Watch/Helsinki) rogorc pasuxi<br />
ze mxari daeWiraT saxelmZRvanelo mZime adamianis mdgomareobaSi uflebaTa ganaTlebis myofi adamianis sferoSi axalgazrdebis uflebaTa monawileobiT damcavi jgufebisaTvis . evropis sabWo<br />
, varSavasa da praRaSi, romlebic miznad isaxavdnen helsinkis epoqalur xelSekrulebasTan<br />
uflebaTa Sesabamisobis monitorings. is ar Rebulobs aranair pirdapir Tu arapirdapir<br />
bo dafinansebas. Human Rights Watch iRwvian bolo moeRos uflebebis darRvevis farTo speqtrs<br />
ebis gareSe, wamebis, arakanonieri dapatimrebis, azris Tavisuflebis, asocirebis, religiis,<br />
s, Zaladobis da rasobriv, genderul, eTnikur da religiur safuZvelze diskriminaciis CaTvliT.<br />
an Rights Watch aqveynebs informacias uflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb raTa Searcxvinos mTavrobebi<br />
213
kavSirebis damyareba<br />
214 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba - vin ras akeTebs aseT<br />
sazogadoebaSi da visTvis?<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
moqalaqeoba, demokratia, adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi<br />
done 4<br />
8-20<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo eyrdnoba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />
moqalaqeebis, mTavrobis, arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebisa da mediis uflebebisa da<br />
movaleobebis gansazRvras molaparakebis gziT.<br />
� xmis micemis ufleba, qveynis marTvaSi<br />
monawileoba da qveynis samsaxurSi yofna.<br />
� informaciisa da azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba<br />
� sazogadoebis winaSe movaleobebi<br />
� codnis ganviTareba uflebebsa da movaleobebs<br />
Soris kavSirebis Sesaxeb<br />
� demokratiis sxvadasxva seqtorebs Soris<br />
arsebuli rTuli urTierTkavSirebis gaazreba<br />
� TanamSromlobisa da samoqalaqo<br />
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganviTareba<br />
� A3 zomis furceli, an dafis furceli yoveli<br />
monawilisaTvis<br />
� 2 sxvadasxva feris markeri (mag. mwvane da<br />
wiTeli) TiToeuli jgufisaTvis<br />
� Tokis, an Zafis gorgali (sasurvelia mwvane)<br />
� webovani lenti (skotCi) TiToeuli<br />
jgufisaTvis<br />
� makrateli<br />
daWeriT Tokis 1,5 sm. sigrZis daaxloebiT 24<br />
zoli<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom savarjiSos mizania demokratiuli sazogadoebis oTx<br />
seqtors Soris arsebuli sxvadasxva kavSirebis „ruqis“ daxazva<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi oTxi, Tanabari zomis, jgufad demokratiis 4<br />
seqtoris warmosadgenad: mTavroba, arasamTavrobo seqtori, media da<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba.<br />
3. daurigeT jgufebs didi zomis furcelebi da markerebi da<br />
ganumarteT, rom 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi moifiqron ra rols<br />
asrulebs maTi seqtori demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, anu ra aris<br />
misi ZiriTadi funqciebi. didi zomis furcelze, wiTeli markeris<br />
gamoyenebiT unda Camoweron 5 yvelaze mniSvnelovani funqcia.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
215<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
demokratia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
8-20<br />
90 wuTi
4. SekribeT jgufebi erTad TavianTi ideebis warmosadgenad. mieciT<br />
mosazrebebis reaqciebis urTierTgaziarebis saSualeba. kiTxeT,<br />
eTanxmebian Tu ara 4 seqtoris ZiriTad funqciebs. mieciT jgufebs<br />
saSualeba Secvalon TavianTi siebi, Tu amis survili gauCndaT<br />
komentarebis mosmenis Semdeg.<br />
5. kvlav ganacalkeveT 4 jgufi da sTxoveT moifiqron, ras moiTxoven<br />
TiToeuli seqtorisagan, raTa ganaxorcielon sakuTari funqciebi,<br />
anu ra moTxovnebs uyeneben TiToul seqtors. unda Camoweron es<br />
moTxovnebi siis saxiT calke svetSi, mwvane markeris gamoyenebiT.<br />
mieciT 15 wuTi am amocanis Sesasruleblad.<br />
6. rodesac dro TiTqmis amoiwureba, sTxoveT jgufebs gansazRvron<br />
daaxloebiT 6 prioritetuli moTxovna da mieciT TiToeul jgufs<br />
dasawepebeli lenta da Zafis 6 cali gadanaWreli am moTxovnebis<br />
warmosadgenad.<br />
7. daarigeT „TamaSis wesebis“ aslebi, gadaxedeT mas da darwmundiT,<br />
rom yvelas esmis ra unda gaakeTon Semdeg etapze. sTxoveT jgufebs<br />
gamoitanon furclebi oTaxis SuagulSi da ganalagon isini<br />
kvadratulad erTmaneTisgan daaxloebiT 1 m-is daSorebiT. (ix.<br />
diagrama) sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis wevrebs, dadgnen TavianT<br />
„kuTxesTan“ axlos.<br />
8. axla iwyeba molaparakebebis seria. TiToeuli raundisaTvis unda<br />
gamoyoT 10 wuTi. SeaxseneT monawileebs, rom, rodesac moTxovna<br />
miRebulia 2 furceli unda SeerTdes Zafis naWriT da damagrdes<br />
webovani lentiT, meore mxaris mier Sesabamisi pasuxismgeblobis<br />
aRebis aRsaniSnavad.<br />
9. procesis dasasruls, 4 setori dakavSirebuli unda iyos<br />
erTmaneTTan Zafis erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTuli rTuli qseliT.<br />
gadadiT analizze da Sefasebaze, vidre monawileebi jer kidev<br />
sxedan sqemis garSemo.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs daakvirdnen maT mier Seqmnil qsels da imsjelon<br />
savarjiSos Sesaxeb.<br />
� sirTulesTan iyo dakavSirebuli mTavrobis, arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis, mediisa da moqalaqeebis funqciebis gansazRvra<br />
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi?<br />
� iyo raime uTanxmoebebi jgufis SigniT, Tu ra moTxovnebi unda<br />
yofiliyo miRebuli da uaryofili?<br />
� Tqveni moTxovnebidan, romeli iyo uaryofili sxva jgufebis mier?<br />
ratom moxda ase? fiqrobT, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebi problemas<br />
Seqmnidnen realur cxovrebaSi?<br />
� iyo iseTi pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebic adre miuRebeli iyo, magram<br />
savarjiSos Sedegad miRebuli iqna? rogoria maT mimarT<br />
damokidebuleba axla?<br />
� eubneba savarjiSo monawileebs raimes axals demokratiuli<br />
sazogadoebis Sesaxeb, rac ar icodnen manamde? hqonda raime<br />
moulodnelobas adgili?<br />
216 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo 217<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
9 noemberi<br />
berlinis k<br />
dacemis dR
Cevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
instruqciebis me-4 punqtSi, mas Semdeg, rac jgufebi Seadgenen<br />
funqciebis Tav-TavianT cxrilebs, didi dro ar daxarjoT diskusiaze<br />
mTeli jgufis monawileobiT. ufro metad, es unda gamoiyenoT, rogorc<br />
stimuli mcire samuSao jgufis Semdgomi muSaobisaTvis. jgufebma, SeiZleba,<br />
moisurvon sxva jgufis funqciebis CaniSvna.<br />
rodesac isini Seadgenen TavianTi moTxovnebis sias (me-5 punqti),<br />
sTxoveT maT ar wamoayenon ararealuri moTxovnebi sxva seqtoris<br />
misamarTiT. es pasuxismgeblobebi misaRebi unda iyos da amdenad, moTxovnebi<br />
ar unda iyos usamarTlo, an araracionaluri.<br />
jgufebis molaparakeba ar unad atarebdes Sejibris xasiaTs da am<br />
etapma ar unda waiRos didi dro. xazi gausviT, rom jgufebma erTmaneTi<br />
unda ganixilon TanamSromlobis aspeqtSi: savarjiSos mizania iseTi<br />
sazogadoebis formireba, romelSic yvela seqtori muSaobs erTad<br />
yvelasaTvis damakmayofilebel pirobebSi. ase rom, SeTanxmebebi unda iyos<br />
SedarebiT swrafi: uTxariT jgufebs, miiRon moTxovnebi, Tu isini<br />
racionaluria, an winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, uaryon isini da Semoinaxon<br />
mogvianebiT etapebze gansaxilvelad.<br />
variantebi<br />
savarjiSo unda iyos gamartivebuli, an garTulebuli, sazogadoebis<br />
sxvadasxva seqtorebis raodenobis cvlilebis Sedegad. magaliTad, SeiZleba<br />
moisurvoT daamatoT „biznesi“, „umciresobebi“ an „araprivilegirebuli<br />
jgufebi“. Tumca, es bevrad ufro gaarTulebs molaparakebis process da<br />
amitomac, SeiZleba, ar mosTxovoT yvela jgufs moTxovnebis<br />
urTierTgacvla. SeiZleba, aseve, gamoiyenoT axalgazrdebisaTvis aqtualuri<br />
sxvadasxva kategoriebi – magaliTad, SecvaleT „moqalaqeebi“<br />
„axalgazrdebiT“, xolo „mTavroba“ _ „skoliT“.<br />
savarjiSos gamartiveba SeiZleba 1, an meti jgufis moSorebiT:<br />
magaliTad, SesaZloa, mxolod „moqalaqeebTan“ da „mTavrobasTan“ muSaoba.<br />
es varianti sasurvelia, Tu jgufi mcirea. aseve, SeiZleba, savarjiSos<br />
Sesruleba sqemis agebis gareSe: molaparakebis procesSi vinmem pirveli<br />
jgufidan unda daiWiros Zafis erTi bolo da SesTavazos meore bolo<br />
vinme sxvas meore jgufidan. Tu monawileebi amgvarad daiWeren Zafebs<br />
mTeli TamaSis ganmavlobaSi, maTi „sazogadoeba” TamaSis bolos aRmoCndeba<br />
fizikurad dakavSirebuli!<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufma, SeiZleba, ganavrcos sqema sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva jgufebis<br />
CarTvis gziT. (ix. variantebi). sesaZloa, moisurvon ruqis gadatana sxva<br />
furcelze ufro mkafio gamosaxulebisaTvis da amis Semdeg gaavlon<br />
kavSirebis amsaxveli xazebi sxvadasxva feris markerebiT. magaliTad,<br />
wiTeli mTavrobisaTvis, yviTeli mediisaTvis, mwvane arasamTavrobo<br />
seqtorisaTvis, da a.S. ifiqreT, romeli kavSiri araa kargad ganviTarebuli<br />
sazogadoebaSi da ra unda gakeTdes amis gamosasworeblad.<br />
Tu jgufi moisurvebs ufro praqtikul proeqtebze muSaobas, romelic<br />
moicavs kavSirebs da TanamSromlobas adgilobriv mTavrobas, arasamTavrobo<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
TamaSis wesebi<br />
sazogadoebebsa da medias Soris, SesTavazeT maT savarjiSo ”baRi erT<br />
RameSi” (gv. 110).<br />
1. savarjiSos mizani _ yvela seqtorma unda miaRwios, rom sxva seqtorebma miiRon maTi moTxovnebi<br />
2. molaparakebebi imarTeba sam raundad seqtorebis wyvilebs Soris<br />
� raundi I: moqalaqeebi awarmoeben molaparakebas arasamTavrobo seqtorTan; media _ mTavrobasTan<br />
� raundi II: moqalaqeebi awarmoeben molaparakebas mediasTan: arasamTavrobo seqtori _<br />
mTvarobasTan<br />
� raundi III: moqalaqeebi mTavrobasTan; media _ arasamTavrobo seqtorTan<br />
3. wyvilebi Tavad Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, romeli warmoadgens pirveli sakuTar moTxovnebs,<br />
Semdeg ki cvlian rolebs<br />
4. moTxovnebi unda iyos mkafio da naTeli, sasurvelia, ganimartos, ratomaa konkretulad am<br />
moTxovnis Sesruleba aucilebeli momTxovni mxaris efeqturad funqcionirebisaTvis.<br />
5. vidre gadawyvetdeT, rogor moiqceviT, miiRebT, Tu uars etyviT moTxovnaze, aucilebelia<br />
moifiqroT: ramdenad samarTliani is da ramdenad Sesrulebadia.<br />
6. Tu meore mxare uars ambobs moTxovnis Sesrulebaze, Tokis naWeri gadadeT gverdiT, xolo Tu is<br />
Rebulobs am moTxovnas, TokiT xdeba Sesabamis furclebis dakavSireba. iqve moTxovnis mimRebi<br />
mxare CainiSnavs Tavis furcelSi konkretulad romeli moTxovna iyo Sesrulebuli.<br />
7. igive procedura meordeba raundis dasrulebamde<br />
8. muSaoba grZeldeba, vidre kavSirebi ar gaibmeba yvela moqmed seqtors Soris<br />
sawyisi pozicia<br />
moqalaqeebi media<br />
1m<br />
arasamTavroboebi<br />
1m<br />
mTavroba<br />
II raundi<br />
moqalaqeebi media<br />
arasamTavroboebi mTavroba<br />
I raundi<br />
moqalaqeebi media<br />
arasamTavroboebi mTavroba<br />
III raundi<br />
moqalaqeebi media<br />
arasamTavroboebi mTavroba<br />
maka – veSapebze monadire<br />
”rogorc ar unda SealamazoT – veSapebze nadiroba mkvlelobaa,<br />
xolo mkvleloba cudia”. mwvaneTa moZraoba<br />
218 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
ekologia, globalizacia, adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi<br />
done 4<br />
14 da meti<br />
150 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo moicavs mcire jgufebSi muSaobas,<br />
rolebis gaTamaSebas, diskusias da konsenusis<br />
miRwevas Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
� zRvis resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba<br />
� adgilobrivi xalxebis kulturis SenarCunebisa<br />
da ganviTarebis ufleba.<br />
� kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
� xalxis ufleba Tavisuflad gankargon TavianTi<br />
bunebrivi resursebi.<br />
� bunebrivi resursebis mopovebisa da gamoyenebis<br />
ufleba<br />
� ganviTarebisa da kulturuli cxovrebis<br />
uflebasa da garemos dacvas Soris arsebuli<br />
winaaRmdegobis Seswavla<br />
� kulturaTaSorisi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
da prekoncefciebze msjeloba.<br />
� kulturologiuri gansxvavebebis mimarT<br />
miukerZoebeli midgomis Camoyalibeba.<br />
� dasarigebeli masala<br />
� kalmistrebi da furclebi jgufisaTvis<br />
Canawerebis gasakeTeblad.<br />
� yuradRebiT waikiTxeT dasarigebeli masala<br />
mocemul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli informaciis<br />
gasacnobad. amis Semdeg Tqven saSualeba geqnebaT<br />
pasuxebi gasceT SekiTxvebs Tu saWiroa.<br />
� gaakeTeT TiToeuli baraTi-rolis asli<br />
yvela jgufisaTvis. TiToeuli monawiles unda<br />
hqondes sakuTari baraTi-roli.<br />
savarjiSo gayofilia or nawilad: nawili 1 (30 wuTi) - savarjiSos da<br />
masSi ganxiluli ekologiuri da kulturologiuri sakiTxebis Sesavali.<br />
nawili 2 (90 wuTi) - sxdomis inscenireba, romelic ganixilavs makas<br />
tomebis veSapebze nadirobis saerTaSoriso komisiaSi Setanil saCivars<br />
veSapebze nadirobis aRdgenis moTxovniT. aucileblad moitoveT dro<br />
savarjiSos Semdeg diskusiisaTvis, analizisa da ganxilvisaTvis.<br />
nawili 2. ekologiuri da kulturologiuri sakiTxebis Sesavali (30<br />
wuTi)<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
219<br />
ekologia<br />
globalizacia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
14 da meti<br />
150 wuTi
1. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo exeba ekologiur da kulturologiur<br />
uflebebs. is emyareba makas tomebis moTxovnas saerTaSoriso<br />
veSapebze nadirobis komisiis mimarT veSapebze nadirobis aRdgenasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT da maT mimarT garemos damcvelebisa da sxva Zalebis<br />
dapirispirebas.<br />
2. uambeT monawileebs makas Sesaxeb. (ix. dasarigebeli masala)<br />
3. axla warmoadgineT am savarjiSoSi ganxiluli sakiTxebi. sTxoveT<br />
monawileebs miuTiTon TavianTi pasuxebi Semdeg SekiTxvebze „maRla<br />
an dabla“ poziciiT (am meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis ix. gv.69).<br />
waikiTxeT Semdegi gancxadebebi saTiTaod:<br />
„xalxis wes-Cveulebebs pativi unda vceT Tu isini ar<br />
ewinaaRmdegebian adamianis uflebebs“<br />
„Cven pativi unda vceT xalxis uflebas Tavisuflad airCion<br />
TavianTi sakvebi, iyvnen mkacri vegetarianelebi, ubralod<br />
vegetarianelebi Tu Wamon xorci“.<br />
„sakvebi unda iyos ekologiurad arasaziano meTodebiT<br />
damzadebuli“<br />
„mecxoveleoba ar unda iyenebdes sastik meTodebs rogoricaa<br />
intensiuri zrda an dakvlis sastiki xerxebi“<br />
kulturologiuri tradiciebi Zalian mniSvnelovania xalxisaTvis<br />
da pativi unda vceT.“<br />
„veSapebze nadiroba dauSvebelia, Tundac kulturologiuri<br />
gamarTlebis SemTxvevaSi“.<br />
nawili 2. (90 wuTi) sxdomis inscenireba, romelic ganixilavs makas<br />
tomebis veSapebze nadirobis saerTaSoriso komisiaSi Setanil<br />
saCivars veSapebze nadirobis aRdgenis moTxovniT..<br />
1. SeaxseneT jgufs, rom makas tomebma mimarTes saerTaSoriso<br />
veSapebze nadirobis komisias veSapebze nadirobis aRdgenasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT da rom ramodenime garemos damcvelTa jgufi<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba maT moTxovnas. es aris gamogonili organizaciis<br />
simulirebuli Sexvedra. organizaciis saxelia Crest (romelic<br />
aris Semdegi inglisuri sityvebis abreviatura kultura,<br />
uflebebi, ekologia, simdgrade da saubari). Crest aris<br />
damoukidebeli organizacia, romelic ekologiur sakiTxebs<br />
ganixilavs adamianis uflebaTa perspeqtividan. isini cdiloben<br />
gagebis damkvidrebas dialogis gziT. simulcia aris Crest-is<br />
mier organizebuli Sexvedra 4 jgufs Soris:<br />
� makas tomebi, romlebic warmoadgenen TavianT saCivars veSapebze<br />
nadirobis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
� ukiduresi CrdiloeTis aliansi, romelicw armoadgens veSapebze<br />
da selapebze monadire organizaciebis gaerTianebas. is<br />
mowodebulia sanapiro kulturebis momaalis dacvisa da<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis da zRvis ZuZumwovrebis resursebis<br />
mdgradi gamoyenebisaTvis. es organizacia mxars uWers makas<br />
tomebs.<br />
220 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� zRvis daraji, organizacia, romelic iZiebs da<br />
dokumentlurad afiqsirebs sazRvao veluri bunebis saxeobebis<br />
mopyrobis da regulirebis saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis<br />
darRvevas. es organizacia ar uWrs mxars makas moTxovnas<br />
� mwvaneTa moZraoba, ekologiuri aqtivistebi, romlebic<br />
ewinaaRmdegebian veSapebze nadirobas.<br />
2. Crest mediatoris rols asrulebs am jgufebs Soris. msjeloba<br />
warimarTeba 4 sakiTxis garSemo:<br />
� unda iyos Tu ara veSapebze nadiroba nebadarTuli?<br />
� arsebobs veSapebze nadirobis, rogorc kulturologiuri<br />
tradiciis raime gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva?<br />
� Tu veSapebze nadiroba ganxorcieldeba, ra masStabiT unda<br />
moxdes es?<br />
� regulirebis ra saxis reJimebia saWiro?<br />
3. sTxoveT 2 moxalises warmoadginon Crest da danarCenebi ki dayaviT<br />
4 mcire Tanabar jgufad. daarigeT baraTi-rolebi. jgufebs 30 wuTi<br />
aqvT informaciaze msjelobisa da makas moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
TavianTi poziciebis dasacavad momzadebisaTvis.<br />
4. rodesac jgufebi mzad iqnebian moiwvieT isini plenarul sxdomaze.<br />
sTxoveT Crest warmomadgenel wyvils moawyon simulirebuli<br />
Sexvedra, romelic daaxloebiT 60 wuTs unda gagrZeldes.<br />
Sexvedris mizania informaciis gacvla da gaziareba, warmodgenili<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilva da zemoT CamoTvlil 4 punqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />
SeTanxmebis miRweva.<br />
5. Sexvedras xsnis Crest adamianis uflebebTan da diskusiis<br />
ekologiur xasiaTxTan dakavSirebuli mokle gancxadebiT. amis<br />
Semdeg makas tomebis warmomadenlebi ganmartaven TavianT pozicias<br />
da iwyeba ganxilva.<br />
6. diskusiis bolos gadadiT analizze da Sefasebsaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
sTxoveT jgufebs imsjelon diskusiis procesze da imaze iyo Tu ara<br />
SesaZlebeli konsensusamde misvla.<br />
� iyo gansxvavebuli rolebis Sesruleba rTuli?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze saintereso rac monawileebma Seityves?<br />
� ra iyo saukeTeso argumenti? emociuri Tu racionaluri, logikuri<br />
argumentebi?<br />
� ramdenad rTuli iyo argumentis meore mxaris danaxva? ramdenad<br />
rTuli iyo misi miReba?<br />
� realur cxovrebaSi ramdenad rTulia sxva xalxebis kulturuli<br />
tradiciebis miReba romlebic monawileebis azriT uxeSi, gaugebari<br />
an araeTikuria?<br />
� ra etapze xdeba kulturologiuri konfliqti diskriminacia?<br />
� ramdenad rTulia iyo gaxsnili kulturologiuri gansxvavebebis<br />
mimarT?<br />
� globalizacias gardauvlad mivyavarT kulturuli Taviseburebebis<br />
dakargvamde? niSnavs kulturis Secvla mis dakargvas?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
221
� unda ganvixiloT kulturologiuri cvlileba msoflios Secvlis<br />
pozitiur procesad?<br />
� konfliqturi uflebebTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli pretenziebi<br />
ZiriTadad ganixileba sasamarTloSi. aris es uflebebis sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyvetis samarTliani gza?<br />
� romeli unda iyos prioritetuli – adamianebis mier sakvebis da<br />
sicocxlis uflebis moTxovna Tu garemos dacva da saxeobebis<br />
SenarCuneba?<br />
daasruleT sxdoma “maRla Tu dabla” kidev erTi raundiT, raTa<br />
gaarkvioT Seicvales Tu ara monawileebma damokidebulebebi veSapebze<br />
nadirobasTan dakavSirebiT. gaimeoreT igive SekiTxvebi, romelebic 1<br />
nawilSi dasviT.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSoSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis sirTule niSnavs, rom is yvelaze<br />
Sesaferisia momwifebuli jgufisaTvis, romlebsac msjelobis kargi<br />
unarCvevebi aqvT. asaTvisebelia didi moculobis informacia da baraTirolebis<br />
teqstebi gaTvlilia adamianis uflebebis da ekologiuri<br />
terminologiis codnis garkveul doneze. SesaZloa moisurvoT savarjiSos<br />
warmarTva 2 sxdomaze da misceT jgufs dro Sualedebs Soris waikiTxon<br />
rol-baraTebze mocemuli informacia da ifiqron wamoWril sakiTxebze.<br />
am savarjiSos erTi mniSvnelovani mizani aris daupirispiron<br />
axalgazrdebi TavianT sakuTar kulturologiur xedvas da saSualeba<br />
misces maT gadaxedon TavianT damokidebulebas veluri bunebis racionalur<br />
gamoyenebasTan mimarTebaSi. veSapebze nadiroba bevrisTvis aris emociuri<br />
sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac maT xSirad gaaCniaT mtkice Sexedulebebi. es mas<br />
aqcevs samuSaod saintereso, magram rTul sakiTxad. meore mizani aris<br />
konsensusis miRwevis gzebis SemuSaveba, da amitomac savarjiSo agebulia<br />
Sexvedraze, romelzec mediatoris rols asrulebs gamogonili organizacia<br />
Crest. savarjiSos Sesrulebamde SeiZleba moisurvoT konsensusis miRwevis<br />
Sesaxeb SemoTavazebuli informaciis xilva 66 gv.ze.<br />
SeiZleba saWiro iyos gadamowmeba srulad esmiT Tu ara monawilebs<br />
rolur baraTebze mocemuli zogierTi terminis da koncefciis mniSvneloba.<br />
mag.<br />
aborigenebi<br />
ar arsebobs raime myari an mudmivi sazRvari, romelic saSualebas<br />
mogvcems araorazrovnad ganvsazRvroT ras niSnavs aborigenebi. zogadad,<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom isini arian im xalxis Stamomavlebi, romlebmac<br />
daipyres es miwebi kolonizatorebis misvlamde da saxelmwifo sazRvrebis<br />
dadgenamde. isini yovelTvis gancalkevebuli arian saxelmwifosgan da<br />
xSirad inarCuneben tomuri cxovrebis stils.<br />
prevenciuli principi<br />
es principi acxadebs, rom “rodesac raime saqmianoba safrTxes uqmnis<br />
adamianis janmrTelobas prevenciuli zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli maSinac ki<br />
Tu mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri ar aris mecnierulad Seswavlili”. is<br />
222 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
9 agvisto<br />
aborigeniT<br />
saerTaSori
gulisxmobs gaurkvevel SemTxvevebSi qmedebis ganxorcielebas; riskis<br />
SemqmnelTa winaaRmdeg mtkicebulebebis moZieba, potenciurad saziano<br />
saqmianobis alternativebis mofiqreba, da interaqtiuli gadawyvetilebebis<br />
miRebis meTodebi.<br />
mdgradoba<br />
1989 wels gaeros ekologiisa da ganviTarebis komisiam, romelsac<br />
`brundtlandis moxsenebas~ uwodeben gansazRvra mdgradi ganviTareba<br />
rogorc ”ganviTareba, romelic akmayofilebs Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebs da<br />
amave dros safrTxes ar uqmnis momavali Taobebis unars daakmayofilos<br />
maTi moTxovnebi.” “mdgradi gamoyeneba” aris termini, romelic misaRebia<br />
mxolod ganaxlebadi resursebis SemTxvevaSi: is niSnavs resursebis im<br />
sixSiriT gamoyenebas risi aRdgenis unaric maT aqvT. arsebobs<br />
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba msoflios bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri<br />
gamoyenebis pricipTan dakavSirebiT, romelic emyareba mecnierul<br />
mtkicebulebebs da obieqtur monacemebs.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu jgufi mcirea SegiZliaT imuSaoT 2 jgufTan, maka da ukiduresi<br />
CrdiloeT aliansi erT mxares da mwvaneTa moZraoba da zRvis daraji meore<br />
mxares.<br />
alternatiuli gza aris am savarjiSos Sesruleba komisiis mosmenis<br />
saxiT. TiToeuli jgufis warmodgena daavaleT TiTo monawiles: maka,<br />
ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansi, mwvaneTa moZraoba da zRvis daraji. sTxoveT<br />
maT warmoadginon TavianTi poziciebi da Semdeg gadadiT adgilidan<br />
SekiTxvebis dasmaze. bolos CaatareT kenWisyra 4-ive sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. am gziT Tqven daafiqrebT monawileebs adamianis uflebebis,<br />
kulturologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Sesaxeb, magram naklebad<br />
iqneba warmodgenili konsensusis miRwevis elementi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
globalizacia iyo am savarjiSoSi warmodgenili erT-erTi sakiTxi. Tu<br />
jgufi dainteresdeba globalizaciis sxva aspeqtebiTac SeiZleba moisurvon<br />
savarjiSos “globalizaciis terminologiuri leqsikoni” Sesruleba (gv.<br />
145).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
mxari dauWireT aborigen xalxs maT mier Seqmnili produqciis yidviT.<br />
bevri xelnakeTi nivTebi, romlebic iyideba “samarTliani vaWrobis”<br />
maRaziebSi damzadebulia aborigenebis mier. SemdegSi suvenirebi da<br />
saCuqrebi Tqveni axloblebisaTvis SeiZineT aseT maRaziebSi.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
� www.highnorth.no - ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansis saiti.<br />
� www.seashephard.com - saerTaSoriso zRvis darajis saiti.<br />
� www.iwcoffice. org - veSapebze nadirobis saerTaSoriso komisiis<br />
saiti.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
223
dasarigebeli masala<br />
baraTi rolebi<br />
� http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/renker/contemporary.html - makas<br />
tomebis SenarCunebis saiti.<br />
� www.greenpeace. org - mwvaneTa moZraobis saiti.<br />
makas xalxebi (romlebsac aseve makas an makas tomebs eZaxian) cxovroben olimpiis naxevarkunZulis<br />
ukidures CrdiloeT-dasavleTiT mdebare rezervaciaSi, aSS-s vaSingtonis StatSi. amJamad rezervaciis<br />
farTobi 27, 000 akria. 1999 w. ivlisSi tomebis aRweram aCvena, rom makas tomSi oficialurad aris<br />
1214 wevri, Tumca rezervaciaSi amJamad mxolod 1079 cxovrobs. rezervaciaSi umuSevrebis saSualo<br />
done aris 59% da TiTqmis rezervaciaSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis 49%-is Semosavali klasificirdeba<br />
federaluri siRaribis zRvris qvemoT da sacxovrebeli saxlebis 59% iTvleba substandartulad.<br />
am damTrgunveli aRweris miuxedavad tradiciebi Zalian Zlieria da bevri makas tomis axalgazrda<br />
kolejis dasrulebis Semdeg brundeba rezervaciaSi makas xalxebis sasargeblod adgilobriv klinikebSi<br />
da sazogadoebriv skolebSi muSaobisaTvis.<br />
informaciis wyaro: http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/renker/contemporary.html<br />
CREST–is roluri baraTi<br />
Tqveni pozicia veSapebze nadirobis mimarT neitraluria. Tqveni rolia warmoadginoT ZiriTadi informacia<br />
adamianis uflebebsa da ekologiuri kanonmdeblobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da SeasruloT mediatoris<br />
roli jgufebs Soris. Tqveni, rogorc mediatoris roli aris uzrunvelyoT diskusiis fokusireba<br />
ZiriTad amocanaze da gafantoT gaugebrobebi da araswori koncefciebi. Tqven unda daexmaroT jgufebs<br />
daTmon gansxvavebebi da sanacvlod eZebon ra aqvT saerTo, raTa miaRwion konsensuss Semdeg sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT:<br />
� unda iyos Tu ara veSapebze nadiroba nebadarTuli?<br />
� arsebobs veSapebze nadirobis, rogorc kulturologiuri tradiciis raime gansakuTrebuli<br />
SemTxveva?<br />
� Tu veSapebze nadiroba ganxorcieldeba, ra masStabiT unda moxdes es?<br />
� regulirebis ra saxis reJimebia saWiro?<br />
Tavdapirvelad miesalmeT yvelas. gansazRvreT diskusiis CarCoebi, daaxloebiT 2 wuTi moandomeT<br />
scenis momzadebas mokled CamoTvaleT adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis da garemos dacvis<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic kavSirSia gansaxilvel sakiTxTan. Tu survili gaqvT moiyvaneT citatebi<br />
qvemoT warmodgenili nawyvetebidan. aseve unda miuTiToT, rom zogi moraluri Sexedulebebidan<br />
gamomdinare ewinaaRmdegeba veSapebze nadirobas.<br />
Semdeg zogadi msjelobis gaxsnamde sTxoveT makas tomebs ganmarton, ra mizezebis gamo undaT<br />
veSapebze nadirobis ganaxleba. 40 wuTiani diskusiis Semdeg daiwyeT Sedegebis Sejameba.<br />
ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansis baraTi roli<br />
ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansi aris organizacia, romelSic Sedis kanadis, grenlandiis,<br />
kunZulebis, islandiis da norvegiis veSapebze da selapebze monadireTa organizaciebi, da asev<br />
rigi adgilobrivi sazogadoebebi. ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansi muSaobs sanapiro kul<br />
224 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
SenarCunebisaaTvis da ibrZvis zRvis ZuZumwovarTa resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebisaT<br />
savarjiSoSi Tqven unda gamoiyenoT adamianis uflebebis da ekologiis sakiTxebis sakuTari c<br />
gaiTvaliswonoT Semdegi citatebi da informacia ukiduresi CrdiloeT aliansis vebgverdidan:<br />
“makas tomebi veSapebze nadiroben 2 000 wlis ganmavlobaSi vidre es TeTri imperialistebi ar<br />
da gadawyvites veSapebis xelSi Cagdeba radganac misi cximi da a.S. Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo<br />
Semdeg maT gaZarcves es resursi da makas aRar SeeZlo sakuTari tradiciis gagrZeleb<br />
moTminebiT elodnen rodis aRdgeboda es resursi. es ukve moxda. magram axla TeTrkanianeb
tomebis baraTi roli<br />
olia warmoadginoT CrdiloeT amerikis Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiroze mcxovrebi indielTa tomis<br />
aqme. am savarjiSoSi unda gamoiyenoT Tqveni codna adamianis uflebebis da ekologiuri sakiTxebis<br />
da aseve daeyrdnoT Semdeg citatebs da informacias makas vebgverdidan:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
70 weli gavida veSapebze nadirobis bolo SemTxvevidan, masTan dakavSirebuli ceremoniebi,<br />
ebi, simRerebi da legendebi Semoinaxa da dRemde Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. amJamad zogierTi<br />
i maka Tavs irCens oragulze da wynari okeanis maxvilTevzaze TevzaobiT da maTi adgilobrivi<br />
eobis qarxnisaTvis miyidviT, magram nadavlis megobrebisa da ojaxis wevrebisaTvis gaziarebis Zveli<br />
er kidev cocxalia“.<br />
gaanadgura veSapebis maragi iyo evropelebisa da amerikelebis mier ganxorcielebuli veSapebze<br />
225
zRvis darajis da veSapebisa da delfinebis konservaciis sazogadoebi<br />
baraTi-roli<br />
zRvis darajis saerTaSoriso organizacia aris ara-komerciuli arasamTavrobo organizacia, r<br />
iZiebs da dokumentalurad asabuTebs zRvis veluri bunebis saxeobebis maregul<br />
xelSekrulebebis da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis darRvevis faqtebs. veSapebisa da del<br />
konservaciis sazogadoeba aris msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze aqtiuri saqvelmoqmedo sazo<br />
romelic emsaxureba veSapebis, delfinebis da zRvis Rorebis konservacias da gadarCenas.<br />
Tqveni rolia warmoadginoT im xalxis Sexedulebebi, romlebic dainteresebuli arian bun<br />
veluri resursebis dacviT. unda gamoiyenoT adamianis uflebebis da ekologiuri sakiTxebis c<br />
qvemoT moyvanili citatebi da informacia zRvis darajisa da veSapebisa da delfinebis konse<br />
226 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
a moZraobis baraTi-roli<br />
moZraobis mxardamWerebi mTel msoflioSi atareben kampanias da avrceleben TavianT Sexedulebebs<br />
i msofliosmiRwevisaTvis.<br />
jiSoSi unda gamoiyenoT adamianis uflebebis da ekologiuri sakiTxebis codna da qvemoT<br />
li citatebi da informacia vebgverdebidan.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
ar unda SealamazoT, veSapebze nadiroba aris mkvleloba da mkvleloba cudia. diax, veSapebi ar<br />
damianebi, magram arian isini ramiT adamienebze naklebi? azrovnebis wesi, romelic zeimobs veSapis<br />
s arafrit gansxvavdeba azrovnebis wesisagan, romelic dasaSvebad miiCnevs „arasrulfasovani“<br />
bis genocids. Cven gvjera, rom termini „adamianis uflebebi“ zedapirulad gamoxatavs am cnebis<br />
a iZleva Sovinizmis safuZvels sxva saxeobebTan mimarTebaSi. ufro Rrma gagebiT veSapebi da sxva<br />
iare ZuZumwovrebi aseve uflebamosili arian adamianis uflebebze an ukidures SemTxvevaSi<br />
227
228 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
mivceT Tu ara xma?<br />
yvela xma mniSvnelovania<br />
saxelmZRvanelo 230adamianis<br />
uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
229
demokratia<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
adamianis saerTo uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
270 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
demokratia, moqalaqeoba, adamianis saerTo<br />
uflebebi<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
nawili 1: gamokiTxvis Sesavali<br />
270 wuTi (3 nawilad)<br />
es savarjiSo gvTavazobs sazogadoebis wevrebis<br />
gamokiTxvas problemis Seswavlis mizniT:<br />
� arCevnebSi xmis micema<br />
� samoqalaqo aqtivoba<br />
� qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
� demokratiul arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
� azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba<br />
� arCevnebSi sakuTari xmis gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZleblobis dafaseba<br />
� informaciis moZiebisa da kritikuli Sefasebis<br />
unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� demokratiul sazogadoebaSi yvela moqalaqis<br />
pirovnuli wvlilis dafaseba<br />
� gamokiTxvis furclebi 1 da 2, erTi<br />
kompleqti erT wyvilze<br />
� I CanarTis asli, gamokiTxvis CatarebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi, erTi kompleqti erT<br />
wyvilze<br />
� pastebi an fanqrebi yvelasTvis<br />
� A3 zomis furclebi an dafis furclebi da<br />
markerebi<br />
� webos lenta<br />
� gaakeTeT II CanarTi da gamokiTxvis furclis<br />
nimuSis asli didi zomis furcelze<br />
instruqciebis gacemisas gamoiyeneT<br />
TvalsaCinoebis nimuSad<br />
� dafaze gaakeTeT gamokiTxvis furclis asli 1<br />
da 2 Sedegebis Sesajameblad<br />
� SeadgineT savarjiSos grafiki I nawilisaTvis<br />
dagWirdebaT 60 wuTi (gamokiTxvis Sesavali),<br />
minimum 120 wuTi II nawilisaTvis (gamokiTxvis<br />
procesi) da 90 wuTi III nawilisaTvis –<br />
(Sedegebis analizi, daskvna da gamokiTxva).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
1. ganmarteT, rom pirveli sxdomis mizania moamzados jgufi<br />
sazogadoebaSi gamokiTxvis Casatareblad maT mier xmis micemis an ar<br />
micemis mizezebis gasarkvevad.<br />
2. hkiTxeT monawileebs apireben Tu ara saparlamaneto an adgilobriv<br />
arCevnebSi monawileobis miRebas rogorc ki Semdegi (pirvelive)<br />
SesaZlebloba miecemaT amisTvis. sTxoveT maT xelis aweviT<br />
gamoxaton TavianTi azri, Semdeg ki dayaviT jgufi imisdamixedviT<br />
Tu vin apirebs arCevnebaSi monawileobis miRebas _ (a) da vin ar<br />
apirebs _ (b). „ar vici“ SeiZleba moxvdes nebismier jgufSi raTa<br />
dabalansdes jgufebis wevrTa raodenoba ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia.<br />
3. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs Seadginon didi zomis furcelze im<br />
mizezebis sia, romlebic ganapirobeben maT arCevnebSi monawileobas<br />
an ar monawileobas, mieciT maT daaxloebiT 15 wuTi siebis<br />
mosamzadeblad.<br />
4. SekribeT jgufebi da sTxoveT a da b jgufis warmomadgenlebs<br />
gaaacnon danarCenebs maTi siebi. bolos gamoyaviT dro mokle<br />
diskusiisTvis da siebSi damatebiTi winadadebebis Sesatanad Tu<br />
aseTi iqneba.<br />
5. daarigeT gamokiTxvis furclis aslebi. daeyrdeniT didi zomis<br />
asls, romelic Tqven moamzadeT. darwmundiT, rom monawileebma<br />
ician, rom I nawili aris imaTi pasuxebis dafiqsirebisaTvis<br />
romlebic xmis micemas ar apireben, xolo II nawili xmis mimcemTa<br />
pasuxebis dasafiqsireblad. miuTiTeT, rom SekiTxvebi erTmaneTis<br />
msgavsia 2 SekiTxvis gamoklebiT, romelic orive nawilSi<br />
sxvadasxvaa. gadaikiTxeT SekiTxvebi da darwmundiT, rom isini<br />
naTladaa Camoyalibebuli.<br />
6. axla ganmarteT pasuxebis dafiqsirebis meTodi. aCveneT jgufs<br />
nimuSi (ix. dasarigebeli masala) da ganmarteT rogor unda moxdes<br />
„5-Strixis “ meTodis gamoyeneba raodenobis aRricxvis mizniT.<br />
7. daarigeT gamokiTxvis Casatarebeli instruqciis aslebi, TiTo asli<br />
TiTo wyvilisaTvis. gadaxedeT mas da isaubreT:<br />
� rogor unda moxdes gamokiTxulTa SemTxveviTi SerCevis<br />
uzrunvelyofa<br />
� ramdeni adamiani unda gamokiTxos TiToeulma wyvilma? (rac meti<br />
miT ukeTesi!)<br />
� sad da rodis Catardeba gamokiTxva<br />
� rodis dasruldeba gamokiTxva?<br />
� ukan dabrunebisa da Sedegebis ganxilvis dro<br />
8. Tu yvelam mkafiod gaigo TavianTi amocanis arsi gadadiT II nawilze<br />
– gamokiTxva!<br />
nawili 2. Sedegebis analizi<br />
axla gamokiTxva ukve dasrulebulia. jgufebi xvdebian erTmaneTs<br />
Sedegebis Sedarebis, analizisa da ganxilvisaTvis. amisaTvis unda gamoyoT<br />
60 wuTi.<br />
1. sTxoveT wyvilebs Seajamon TavianTi Sedegebi TiToeul grafaSi da<br />
gaaerTianon 2 did cxrilSi. amgvarad xdeba yvela jgufis<br />
informaciis Sedareba da SesaZlebeli xdeba jamuri ricxvis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
231
gamoTvla mTeli jgufisaTvis. maT aseve SeuZliaT daafiqsiron<br />
„mizezebi“, romlebic gamokiTxulebma daasaxeles. Tu erTidaigive<br />
mizezi ramdnjerme iqna dasaxelebuli daafiqsireT ramdenjer<br />
gameorda is kvlav „5-Strixis“ meTodis gamoyenebiT.<br />
2. rodesac informacia srulad Seikribeba sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
gamoTvalon Semdegi statistikuri maCveneblebi:<br />
� gamokiTxulTa sruli ricxvi<br />
� amomrCevelTa da ara-amomrCevelTa procentuli Semadgenloba<br />
gamokiTxulTa mTlian raodenobaSi<br />
� gamokiTxulTa Soris qalebisa da mamakacebis procentuli<br />
Semadgenloba.<br />
� yvela asakobriv jgufSi gamokiTxulTa procentuli<br />
Semadgenloba.<br />
� asakobrivi jgufi amomrCevelTa yvelaze mcire raodenobiT<br />
� asakobrivi jgufi amomrCevelTa yvelaze didi raodenobiT<br />
� xmis ar micemis yvelaze xSirad dasaxelebuli mizezi<br />
� xmis micemis yvelaze xSirad dasaxelebuli mizezi<br />
� umravlesobis (nebismieri jgufidan) mier dasaxelebuli mizezebi<br />
dakavSirebuli iyo xalxTan Tu partiebTan.<br />
axla gadadiT imis ganxilvaze ramdenad moewonaT monawileebs<br />
gamokiTxvis Catareba, rogori iyo maTi molodini da ra iswavles maT.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Sedegebis ganxilvis zogad nawilSi SesaZloa moindomoT sxvadasxva<br />
sakiTxebTan Sexeba, mag.<br />
� rogori SegrZneba hqonda jgufs gamokiTxvis Catarebis procesSi?<br />
zogadad, iyvnen adamianebi mzad gamokiTxvis punqtebis sapasuxod?<br />
� iyo rTuli gamokiTxvis Catareba? moewonaT maT es procesi?<br />
� SeZlo jgufma Seeqmna mTliani mosaxleobis “warmomadgenlobiTi”<br />
nimuSi? ra sirTuleebi axlda am amocanas?<br />
� ra problemebi arsebobs jgufis Sedegebidan daskvnebis<br />
gamotanisaTvis? rogor SeiZleba maTTvis Tavis arideba?<br />
� iyo iseTi statistikuri monacemebi, romlebmac gansakuTrebiT<br />
gaakvirva jgufi?<br />
� iyo gamokiTxvis Sedegebi moulodneli raime TvalsazrisiT?<br />
� Seesabameboda Tu ara xalxis mier gacemuli pasuxebi jgufis<br />
wevrebis ganwyobas? fiqrobT, rom Tqveni jgufi aris mTliani<br />
mosaxleobis “warmomadgenlobiTi” asaxva?<br />
� Secvlidnen raimes Tavidan rom CaetarebinaT gamokiTxva?<br />
� iZleva Tu ara Tqveni gamokiTxvis Sedegebi arCevnebis modelis<br />
realistur suraTs Tqven sazogadoebaSi? ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� statistika xSirad ganixileba rogorc faqtebi argumentebis<br />
gasamyareblad. ramdenad frTxili unda iyvnen monawileebi<br />
statistikis mimarT?<br />
� ra azris aris jgufi axla arCevvnebSi monawileobis miRebis<br />
aucileblobis an armiRebis Sesaxeb? Seicvala vinmem azri<br />
(romelime mimarTulebiT) Tu ki, romeli argumentis zegavleniT?<br />
232 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
Tqvens qvey<br />
micemis say<br />
uflebis d<br />
dRe
Cevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
nawili I, gamokiTxvis dagegmvis dros safuZveli unda momzaddes<br />
realuri gamokiTxvisaTvis II nawilSi. Tqven dasawyisSive SegiZliaT<br />
ganacxadoT savarjiSos miznis Sesaxeb, romelic mdgomareobs demokratiul<br />
procesebSi axalgazrdebis monawileobis mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebaSi. am<br />
aspeqtis xazgasma rekomendirebulia xmis micemis aucileblobaSi maTi<br />
“darwmunebis” mcdelobis nacvlad. ganmarteT, rom Tqven gsurT jgufis<br />
yvela wevrma TviTon miiRos gadawyvetileba sxdomis bolos, magram<br />
amisaTvis mniSvnelovania maT mier arsebuli gansxvavebuli mizezebis<br />
Sefaseba.<br />
ecadeT maqsimalurad obieqturad imsjeloT mizezebze, romelTa<br />
mixedviT monawileebi aZlevdnen an ar aZlevdnen xmas (4 puqti) ar ecadoT<br />
“xmis mimcemebis” waxalisebas, raTa maT gavlena moaxdinon “ara xmis<br />
mimcemebze”. ar daxarjoT metismetad didi dro diskusiaze, is mxolod<br />
gamokiTxvisaTvis scenis mosamzadeblad aris gamiznuli.<br />
gamokiTxvis meTodebze msjelobis dros (7 punqti) unda<br />
gaiTvaliswinoT is sirTuleebi, romlebsac jgufi SeiZleba Sexvdes aseTi<br />
gamokiTxvis Catarebis procesSi. zogierT sazogadoebaSi xalxma SeiZleba<br />
uxerxulad igrZnos Tavi quCaSi ucnobebis mier gamokiTxvis dros. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa umjobesi iyos megobrebisa da nacnobebis gamokiTxva.<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania SeafasoT ra moculobis informaciis analizis<br />
unari aqvs jgufs. ar SeagrovoT informaciis iseTi raodenoba, rom jgufi<br />
Caeflos gamoTvlebSi. Tu es didi jgufia, maSin TiToeulma wyvilma unda<br />
gamokiTxos imaze naklebi raodenobis xalxi, vidre gamokiTxavda mcire<br />
jgufis SemadgenlobaSi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
gaecaniT demokratiis Sesaxeb bazisur masalebSi mocemul informacias<br />
434 gv-ze da gaarkvieT, rodis miecaT Tqven qveyanaSi qalebs xmis micemis<br />
ufleba. aseve SegiZliaT gaarkvioT, romel jgufebs (mag. bavSvebi,<br />
imigrantebi, patimrebi, da a.S.) ara aqvT dResdReobiT xmis micemis ufleba<br />
Tqven qveyanaSi. imsjeleT maT gamomwvev mizezebze da samarTlianobaze.<br />
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi xalxs bevri SesaZlebloba aqvs imoqmedos<br />
im sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, romelic uSualod exebaT maT. savarjiSo<br />
“eleqtrosadguri” (gv. 173) monawileebs saSualebs aZlevs ipovnon<br />
socialuri cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis gzebi.<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
moawyveT im dRis sazeimo aRniSvna, rodesac qalebs Tqven qveyanaSi xmis<br />
ufleba miecaT.<br />
Tu Tqven sazogadoebaSi ipoviT jgufebs, romlebsac ara aqvT xmis<br />
micemis ufleba da Tu CaTvaleT, rom es usamarTloba iyo miwereT werili<br />
Tqveni parlamentis deputatebs da gamoxateT Tqveni jgufis SeSfoTeba.<br />
ecadeT SeagrovoT rac SeiZleba meti xelmowerebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
233
ekomendaciebi gamokiTxvis CaCasatareblad<br />
gamosakiTxi xalxis SerCeva<br />
1. airCieT potenciuri gamosakiTxi xalxi SemTxveviT: sxva sityvebiT, Tqven ar unda “SearCioT”<br />
xalxi gamokiTxvaSi monawileobisaTvis imitom, rom isini arian axalgazrdebi, moxucebi,<br />
qalebi, da a.S. ecadeT Tavi aaridoT mikerZoebas.<br />
2. hkiTxeT pirovnebas, romlis gamokiTxvac gindaT xom ar aris winaaRmdegi upasuxos ramodenime<br />
SekiTxvas, warudgineT mas sakuTari Tavi da auxseniT, rom maTi vinaoba anonimuri iqneba da<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi ar gamoqveyndeba radganac isini erTi konkretuli jgufisTvis keTdeba.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebis Cawera da aRnusxva<br />
Tu pirovneba gTanxmdebaT interviuze da gamokiTxvaSi monawileobaze, maSin kiTxeT maT misces Tu ara xma bolo<br />
arCevnebSi. Tu pasuxi aris “ara” maSin SeavseT furceli I, ara-xmis mimcemis furceli, Tu pasuxi aris ”diax” maSin<br />
SeavseT furceli 2, “xmis mimcemis” furceli.<br />
1. kiTxva I: gamokiTxulebma unda daasaxelon TavianTi asaki Tu maT amis survili aqvT.<br />
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi aRniSvna unda gakeTdes bolo svetSi.<br />
2. kiTxva 2: aCveneT gamokiTxulebs pasuxebis SesaZlo variantebi da sTxoveT airCion<br />
erT-erTi. Tu maT sxva mizezi aqvT, dawereT is `d~ svetSi. SeniSvna: gansxvaveba b-sa<br />
da g-s Soris aris is, rom b –Si aRniSnuli mizezi moicavs konkretul adamians,<br />
xolo g – partias.<br />
3. aRniSvna unda iyos mkafio, raTa mogvianebiT advilad moxdes maTi daTvla. erT<br />
furcelze unda dafiqsirdes rac SeiZleba meti adamianis pasuxi. TiToeuli<br />
SekiTxvis gaswvriv TiToeuli gamokiTxulisaTvis unda gakeTdes mxolod erTi<br />
aRniSvna.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
gamokiTxvis furceli<br />
1: vinc arCevnebSi monawileoba ar miiRo<br />
234 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
kiTxva 1. romel asakobriv jgufs miekuTvnebiT? (arCeviTi)<br />
mamakacebi<br />
qalebi<br />
25 wlamde 25 - 40 40 - 60 60-ze meti pasuxs Tavi aar
vo baraTis Sevsebis nimuSi<br />
kiTxvis baraTi 1: vinc arCevnebSi monawileoba ar miiRo<br />
a 1. romel asakobriv jgufs miekuTvnebiT? (arCeviTi)<br />
akacebi<br />
bi<br />
25 wlamde 25 - 40 40 - 60 60-ze meti pasuxs Tavi aarida<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
235
pirveli gverdi<br />
“axali ambebis gavrceleba niSnavs maT gamravlebas”<br />
tibeturi Tqmuleba<br />
236 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
media, globalizacia, ekologia<br />
done 3<br />
10 - 24<br />
180 wuTi<br />
� Jurnalistebis jgufis muSaobis simulacia,<br />
romelebic gazeTis pirvel gverds amzadeben<br />
dasabeWdad. patara jgufebSi muSaobisas<br />
monawileebi ganixilaven Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� mikerZoeba, stereotipebis Seqmna da<br />
obieqturoba mediaSi<br />
� imijebi da mediis roli adamianis uflebebis<br />
sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi<br />
� Tavisufali azrovnebis, fiqrisa da azris<br />
gamoxatvis ufleba<br />
� piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba<br />
� ganviTarebis, sococxlisa da janmrTelobis<br />
ufleba<br />
� imijze muSaobis procesis saSualebiT adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebisadmi dainteresebis<br />
stimulireba<br />
� mediis rolisa da misi midgomis ganxilva<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebisadmi<br />
� komunikaciisa da TanamSromlobis unarCvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� didi oTaxi 2-3 mcire jgufisa da plenaruli<br />
sxdomis muSaobisaTvis sakmarisi adgiliT.<br />
� gazeTebidan amoRebuli 40 foto<br />
� pastebi da furclebi Canawerebis gasakeTeblad<br />
� didi zomis (A3) furclebi an furclebiani<br />
dafa da markerebi<br />
� makrateli da webo yvela jgufisaTvis<br />
� didi magidebi gazeTebisa da masalebis srulad<br />
gaSlisaTvis<br />
� airCieT 40-45 foto Jurnalebidan an<br />
erovnuli gazeTebidan. SeniSvna: amave fotoebis<br />
aslebi dagWirdebaT yvela mcire jgufisaTvis<br />
saTiTaod. amdenad Tqven mogiwevT ramodenime<br />
gazeTis yidva saidanac fotoebi SearCieT an<br />
maTi gamravleba qseroqsis saSualebiT.<br />
� fotoebis erTi kompleqti gaSaleT magidaze.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
237<br />
media<br />
globalizacia<br />
ekologia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
10-24<br />
180 wuTi
instruqciebi<br />
1. gaacaniT savarjiSo monawileebs. ganmarteT, rom es aris erTi<br />
saRamos inscenireba gazeTis redaqciis cxovrebidan sadac<br />
Jurnalistebis jgufi muSaobs gazeTis pirveli gverdis awyobaze.<br />
Tumca es gazeTebi adgilobrivia da emsaxureba adgilobriv<br />
mosaxleobas, TiToeul maTganis politika aris mkiTxvelebis<br />
informireba mimdinare globalur sakiTxebze adamianis uflebebis<br />
CaTvliT.<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi 8 kacian mcire samuSao jgufebad. yvela<br />
maTganma unda warmoidginos, rom isini saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi<br />
arian, romlebic muSaoben sxvadasxva gazeTebis redaqciebSi. maTi<br />
amocanaa aawyon da daakabadonon xvalindeli dilis gamocemis<br />
pirveli gverdi.<br />
3. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs airCios saxeli Tavis gazeTisaTvis<br />
4. plenaruls sxdomaze mokled SeexeT tipiuri pirveli gverdis<br />
damaxasiaTebel Strixebsa da dakabadonebis wesebs.<br />
5. aCveneT monawileebs magidaze gaSlili fotoebi. sTxoveT maT Cumad<br />
Semouaron magidas da aranairi komentarebi ar gaakeTon am etapze.<br />
6. Semdeg dasviT saredaqcio jgufebi samuSaod. yvela maTgans<br />
daurigeT furclebi da fanqrebi, webo da makrateli, magram<br />
fotoebi jer ara.<br />
7. axseniT wesebi. maT 1 saaTi eZlevaT 4 an 5 axali ambis SesarCevad,<br />
romelTa Sesaxebac surT reportaJis gaekeTeba, saTaurebis<br />
dasarqmevad, fotoebis asarCevad da dizainis mosafiqreblad.<br />
auxseniT maT, rom didi statiebis dawera saWiro araa: saTaurebi<br />
da qvesaTaurebi sruliad sakmarisia. maT aqcenti unda gaakeTon im<br />
efeqtze, romelsac I gverdi axdens, da ara mTeli itoriis<br />
gadmocemaze. urCieT maT rom daiwyon im Temebis an sakiTxebis<br />
ganxilviT, romlis CarTvac surT reportaJSi. uTxariT, rom 10<br />
wuTSi isini miiReben fotoebs “beWdvis ganyofilebidan”.<br />
8. daaxloebiT 10 wuTis muSaobis Semdeg daurigeT jgufebs<br />
gazeTebidan Segrovebuli fotoebis kompleqtebi.<br />
9. rodesac jgufebs mzad eqnebaT TavianTi pirveli gverdebi isini<br />
unda warudginon sazogadoebas. amis Semdeg gadadiT analizze da<br />
Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT Tavad savarjiSos mimoxilviT da Semdeg gadadiT mediis,<br />
adamianis uflebebis da maTi dacvis sakiTxebze.<br />
� rogor gaukeTa jgufebma organizeba samuSaos? rogor miiRes maT<br />
gadawyvetileba samuSaos stilis, gasaSuqebeli masalebis Sesaxeb?<br />
yvelas hqonda monawileobisa da wvlilis Setanis saSualeba?<br />
� rogor airCies moTamaSeebma samuSao Temebi da sakiTxebi? ra iyo<br />
ufro maprovocirebeli Tema Tu foto? anu pirvelad maT sakiTxi<br />
SearCies da Semdeg ipoves Sesaferisi foto ilustraciisaTvis Tu<br />
romelime konkretuli foto gaxda maTi STagonebis wyaro da<br />
Semdeg masze aages ambavi?<br />
238 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
vani – qali;<br />
;<br />
rebis jgufi romeliRac<br />
oflios qveynidan;<br />
momuSave qalebi;<br />
bis daxmareba ;<br />
� ra sakiTxebi an Temebi iyo warmodgenili? iyo romelime<br />
dakavSirebuli adamianis uflebebTan? iyo raime iseTi sakiTxi,<br />
romlis gaSuqebac vinmes undoda magram iZulebuli iyo gadaefiqra?<br />
� ramdenad gavs sxvadasxva gazeTebis sxvadasxva pirveli gverdebi<br />
erTmaneTs? iyo erTidaigive fotoebi da Temebi gamoyenebuli?<br />
� gamoiyenes sxvadasxva jgufebma erTi da igive gamosaxuleba<br />
gansxvavebuli xedviT?<br />
� rogor gebuloben axal ambebs? gazeTebidan, televiziidan, radios<br />
Tu intrenetis saSualebiT? ratom interesdebian an ar<br />
interesdebian axali ambebiT?<br />
� am inscenirebis dros scades maT moexdinaT iseTi pirveli gverdis<br />
imitireba rogorc es realur cxovrebaSia? Tu survili hqondaT<br />
sxvagvarad gaekeTebinaT is? ra iyo gansxvaveba?<br />
� ra saxis axali ambebi Warbobs mediaSi, realur cxovrebaSi?<br />
� zogadad ramdenad kargad Suqdeba adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebi<br />
axal ambebSi?<br />
� mediis Sesaxeb msjelobis erT-erTi umTavresi punqti aris<br />
“obieqturoba”. foqroben monawileebi, rom axali ambebis<br />
obieqturad gadmocema SesaZlebelia?<br />
� adamianis romeli uflebebi iyo gaSuqebuli maT pirvel gverdebze?<br />
� ra warmodgena aqvT monawileebs msoflios sxva qveynebis<br />
axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb?<br />
� aris raime mniSvnelovani Tema fotoebis kompleqtidan<br />
gamotovebuli?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSosTvis fotoebis arCevisas ecadeT farTo speqtris<br />
gamosaxulebebi aarCioT da Tavi aaridoT stereotipebs. axali ambebi<br />
xSirad gadaWedilia omis, mkvlelobis da sxva ubedurebebis TemebiT da<br />
ufro iSviaTad Seicavs pozitiur informacias. (afrikaSi ufro meti xdeba<br />
vidre ubralod omi da SimSili!) dae Tqvens mier SerCeulma fotoebma<br />
misces monawileebs saSualeba Tanabrad amokrifon “kargi” da “cudi” ambebi.<br />
ecadeT warmoadginoT farTo geografiuli areali, genderuli balansi,<br />
axalgazrdebis fotoebi, da axalgazrdebis yoveldRiuri cxovrebisaTvis<br />
aqtualuri sakiTxebi, maT mier cxovrebis Secvlis pozitiuri SemTxvevebis<br />
CaTvliT. CarTeT cxel-cxeli ambebi da cnobil pirovnebebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli fotoebi, aseve mravalkulturul sazogadoebasa da<br />
globalur smayaroSi cxovrebis amsaxveli kadrebi. qvemoT moyvanili sia<br />
mogawvdiT konkretul ideebs (sia emyareba gamosaxulebebis CamoTvlas<br />
savarjiSodan “axali ambebis qarxana”, romelic moyvanilia qvemoT<br />
“variantebis” nawilSi.)<br />
plaJis gamyidveli;<br />
aziis bazroba;<br />
martoxela qali;<br />
barakebi briuselSi;<br />
gadavsebuli sanagve yuTi;<br />
konservis qilebis daxarisxeba;<br />
demonstracia filipinebSi;<br />
gaeros jarebi<br />
iugoslaviaSi;<br />
sabrZolo TviTmfrinavi;<br />
partizani;<br />
2 mkvdari jariskaci;<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
239
afrikeli maRaroeli muSa;<br />
pesticidebi;<br />
hamburgeris restoranis reklama;<br />
gamomSrali miwa;<br />
wyalSi moTamaSe bavSvebi;<br />
manqanis recxva;<br />
navTobis wvis scena;<br />
mwvaneTa moZraoba;<br />
qarxnis gamonabolqvi;<br />
alkoholis reklama;<br />
koka-kolas reklama;<br />
Savkaniani biWi gitariT;<br />
rok-varskvlavi;<br />
Statis policia;<br />
grafiti;<br />
parlamenti;<br />
narkotikebi;<br />
ltolvilTa banaki;<br />
bavSvebi TavSesafris maZiebelTa<br />
centrSi;<br />
fexburTeli;<br />
“saerTaSoriso amnistiis”<br />
aqcia;<br />
marcvleulis zvinebi;<br />
qalebis kreba;<br />
oxaxis dagegmva;<br />
Sidsis prevencia;<br />
xalxis brbo;<br />
sazogadoebrivi transporti;<br />
manqanebis gamofena;<br />
sagzao moZraobis sacobi;<br />
axalgazrda kaci<br />
mikrofoniT xelSi;<br />
mobiluri telefoni;<br />
savarjiSos gacnobis da tipiuri pirveli gverdis Srtixebisa da<br />
dakabadonebis Sesaxeb saubris dros monawileebis yuradReba unda miaqcioT<br />
rogori fontiT ewyoba saTaurebi mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misapyrobad<br />
da rogor xdeba Semdeg ambis mowodeba. Tavidan ramodenime patara svetSi<br />
keTdeba lidi (ambis mokle reziume) da Semdeg modis sruli teqsti<br />
Cveulebrivi patara SriftiT. imsjeleT, rogor gamoiyeneba fotoebi<br />
gadmocemuli ambis gamyarebisa da mkiTxvelis mizidvisaTvis. aseve<br />
miuTiTeT ras gadmoscems suraTi! isaubreT, Tu rogor aris suraTi<br />
damontaJebuli fotografis an suraTis redaqtoris mier, raTa mkiTxvelma<br />
Tvali miapyros imas, risi Cvenebac maT am fotoTi surdaT. aseve miuTiTeT<br />
rogor keTdeba minawerebi fotoze.<br />
variantebi<br />
am savarjiSos gacnobis kidev erTi alternatiuli gza aris radio an<br />
satelevizio programis warmodgena. Tu satelevizio gadacemaze muSaobas<br />
airCvT rekomendirebulia slaidebis Cveneba (diapozitivebi) Cabnelebul<br />
oTaxSi raTa SeqmnaT televizoris yurebis “STabeWdileba”. arsebobs am<br />
savarjiSosTvis specialurad momzadebuli slaidebis kompleqti, romlis<br />
gamotanac SeiZleba “kulturaTaSorisi swavlebis evropuli federaciis”<br />
arqividan.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
ganixileT jgufebis mier axali ambebisaTvis SerCeuli uflebebis<br />
sxvadasxva aspeqtebi. mag. rogori midgoma arsebobs maT mimarT Tqven<br />
qveynebSi?<br />
monawileebs SeuZliaT daukavSirdnen adgilobriv gazeTebs an tele da<br />
radio sadgurebs da gaesaubron Jurnalistebs maTi muSaobis da<br />
Jurnalisturi obieqturobis Sesaxeb, aseve esaubron globaluri da<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebis gzebze.<br />
240 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
3 maisi<br />
presis Tavi<br />
saerTaSori
Tu jgufs moewona savarjiSo, romelic moiTxovda swrafi azrovnebis<br />
unars, maT SeuZliaT aseve Seasrulon “erTi wuTiT!” (gv. 180), romelic<br />
Seexeba sportisa da adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis<br />
urTierTdamokidebulebas.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
bevri adgilobrivi radio sadgurebi uTmoben eTers sazogadoebriv<br />
jgufebs sakuTari gadacemis gasakeTeblad. daamuSaveT jgufis proeqti da<br />
SeqmeniT radiogadacema maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebis Sesaxeb mag. saTauriT<br />
“ifiqre globalurad, imoqmede lokalurad”.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
zogierTi sawyisi wertili savarjiSoSi ganxilul sakiTxebze<br />
msjelobisaTvis:<br />
a) media<br />
1. axalgazrdebi, iseve rogorc ufrosebi mudmivad eqcevian sxvadasxva<br />
media organizaciebis arxebiT mowodebuli informaciis nakadis<br />
gavlenis qveS. SegviZlia vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs: raSi viyenebT am<br />
informacias? niSnavs es, rom Cven yvela ukeTesad informirebulebi<br />
varT?<br />
2. media dRiTidRe ufro komerciuli xdeba da azris gamartiveba,<br />
stereotipebis Seqmna da sensaciebze nadiroba SemaSfoTebel saxes<br />
iRebs. xarisxiani axali ambebis miReba TandaTan rTuldeba.<br />
3. xarisxiani axali ambebis miRebis problema yvelaze mwvaved exeba<br />
uTanasworobis sakiTxebis asaxvas, gansakuTrebiT rodesac<br />
ganviTarebad qveynebzea laparaki. ara-dasavluri axali ambebi<br />
xSirad danaxuli da mowodebulia mxolod dasavluri TvaliT, ris<br />
Sedegadac informacia xSirad aris negatiuri da damTrgunveli.<br />
b) adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informirebisaTvis<br />
mediis udidesi mniSvneloba calsaxaa. magram Cven yuradReba unda mivaqcioT<br />
rogor xdeba sakiTxis dasma da ra motivacia dgas mis ukan. yvelam<br />
kritikulad unda Sexedos ra mogvewodeba da ra ar mogvewodeba mediis<br />
saSualebiT da ra kuTxiT xdeba informaciis da faqtebis gadmocema. mag.<br />
sxvadasxva gazeTebSi sxvadasxva politikuro mosazrebebidan gamomdinare<br />
omSi mebrZolebi SeiZleba aRweril iqnan TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolebad an<br />
teroristebad. gansxvavebuli kulturis xalxebi SeiZleba asaxuli iqnan<br />
araobieqturad. mag. inuitebi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyvnen rogorc<br />
egzotikuri, mamaci xalxi, romlebic ibrZvian Tavis tradiciebis –<br />
“igluSi” cxovrebis _ SenarCunebisaTvis, magram rodesac saubari Seexeba<br />
veSapebze nadirobas, maT ukve “mkvlelebad” moixsenieben.<br />
g) saqmisadmi erTguleba<br />
inscenirebisaTvis Sekrebil zogierT fotos SeuZlia asaxos<br />
SesaZleblobebi, romlebic xalxs, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdebs eZlevaT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
241
ealuri saqmisadmi Tavdadebis gamosaCenad. Cveni, rogorc maswavleblebis,<br />
axalgazrduli muSakebis da a.S. survilia movaxdinoT axalgazrdebis<br />
motivireba ukeTesi msoflios Sesaqmnelad. Cven sakuTar Tavs vekiTxebiT:<br />
ra aris saukeTeso gza axalgazrdebis wasaxaliseblad da maT saqmeSi<br />
CasarTavad, SeiZleba davsvaT kiTxva, aris Tu ara arsebuli SesaZleblobebi<br />
marTlac mimzidveli maTTvis. zogierTi miniSneba pasuxebze SesaZloa<br />
vipovoT slaidebze, romlebsac monawileebi airCeven.<br />
profkavSirebis Sexvedrebi<br />
kargiD dRiuri muSaoba karg dRiur anazRaurebas imsaxurebs.<br />
242 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
socialuri uf<br />
demokratia<br />
moqalaqeo<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done 4<br />
10-15<br />
120 wu
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
socialuri uflebebi, demokratia, moqalaqeoba<br />
done 4<br />
10 – 15<br />
120 wuTi<br />
damsaqmeblebisa da TanamSromlebis Sexvedris<br />
inscenireba profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebis<br />
TandaswrebiT, xelfasebze da samuSao pirobebze<br />
molaparakebis mizniT. ganxiluli sakiTxebi<br />
moicavs:<br />
� profkavSirebis roli<br />
� koleqtiuri samsaxurebrivi SeTanxmeba<br />
� muSakTa uflebebi<br />
� koleqtiuri molaparakebebis ufleba<br />
� asociaciis da kavSiris, konkretulad<br />
profkavSirebis Seqmnisa da masSi gawevrianebis<br />
ufleba<br />
� samsaxuridan usamarTlod ganTavisuflebisagan<br />
dacvis ufleba<br />
� profkavSirebis rolis gaazreba<br />
� konsenusis gziT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis<br />
unarCvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiuri<br />
monawileobisaTvis xelSewyoba,<br />
pasuxismgeblobis da solidarobis grZnobis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� I dasarigebeli masalis aslebi „situacia“,<br />
TiTo erT monawileze<br />
� II dasarigebeli masalis aslebi<br />
„leiboristuli terminologiis mokle<br />
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni“, TiTo erT monawileze<br />
� saidentifikacio bajebi (arCeviTi)<br />
� furclebi, feradi markerebi da pastebi<br />
(arCeviTi)<br />
� ori oTaxi (sasurveli magram arCeviTi)<br />
gadaikiTxeT savarjiSo dasarigebeli masalis CaTvliT raTa<br />
savarjiSos mimdinareobis procesSi mzad iyoT nebismieri<br />
monawilisaTvis daxmarebis gasawevad.<br />
� moawyveT oTaxi. wreSi dadgiT 6 skami<br />
molaparakebaSi monawile mxareebis<br />
warmomadgenlebisaTvis da Sexvedris<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
243
instruqciebi<br />
TavmjdomarisaTvis. maT ukan dadgiT damatebiT<br />
skamebi danarCeni monawileebisaTvis.<br />
1. waradgineT savarjiSo. ganmarteT, rom es aris erTis mxriv<br />
damqiraveblebis da meores mxriv TanamSromlebis da profkavSirebis<br />
warmomadgenlebis Sexvedris simulacia. misi mizania momsaxureTa<br />
xelfasebis da samuSao pirobebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis miRweva<br />
koleqtiuri molaparakebis gziT.<br />
2. moTelvisaTvis sTxoveT jgufs moifiqros scenaze warsadgeni<br />
kompaniis saxeli da moRvaweobis sfero. es SeiZleba iyos<br />
realurad arsebuli an gamogonebuli kompania, romelic awarmoebs<br />
realur an gamogonebul produqcias. aseve kargi iqneba daarqvan<br />
saxeli profkavSirebsac.<br />
3. axla dayaviT monawileebi 2 jgufad 2:1 SefardebiT. ufro mcire<br />
zomis jgufi aris damsaqmebelTa jgufi, xolo ufro didi jgufi<br />
TanamSromlebi da maTi profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
4. gaanawileT I dasarigebeli masalis aslebi ”situacia” da II<br />
dasarigebeli masalis aslebi ”leiboristuli terminologiis<br />
mokle ganmartebiTi leqsikoni”. mieciT monawileebs 10 wuTi<br />
masalis gasacnobad da Semdeg gadaamowmeT, rom yvelam gaigo<br />
miwodebuli informacia.<br />
5. mokled CamoayalibeT rogor unda warimarTos inscenireba:.<br />
damsaqmeblebma, romlebic krebis mowvevis iniciatorebi arian,<br />
pirvelebma unda Camoayalibon TavianTi winadadebebi Semdeg ki<br />
profkavSirebi da TanamSromlebis warmomadgenlebi gamoTqvamen<br />
TavianT mosazrebebs. amis Semdeg yvela mxare CaerTveba<br />
molaparakebaSi SeTanxmebis miRwevis mizniT.<br />
6. sTxoveT monawileebs SeaTanxmon Sexvedris procedurebi mag,<br />
molaparakebebis mimdinareobis procesSi unda iyos Tu ara sityviT<br />
gamosvlis limiti TiToeuli monawilisaTvis – maqsimum 2 wuTi?<br />
ramden xans unda gagrZeldes Sexvedra mTlianobaSi? saWiroa Tu<br />
ara mokle Sesvenebebis gamocxadebis procedura raTa<br />
warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT TavianT warmgzavnelebTan konsultireba<br />
da a.S. kidev vis aqvs gamosvlis ufleba? Tu es mxolod<br />
warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT?<br />
7. axla sTxoveT monawileebs dabrundnen TavianT 2 jgufSi<br />
momzadebisaTvis (30 wuTi). damsaqmeblebma unda airCion 2<br />
warmomadgeneli da sxdomis xelmZRvaneli. muSakebma da<br />
profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebma unda airCion 2 warmomadgeneli.<br />
amis Semdeg orive jgufma unda:<br />
� SeimuSaos axali winadadebebi Sexvedraze warsadgenad<br />
� gansazRvros TavianTi uflebamosileba molaparakebis procesSi.<br />
� SeTanxmdnen pirobebze anu yvelaze cud, naklebad misaReb<br />
variantze, romelsac ukidures SemTxvevaSi<br />
8. rodesac jgufebi mzad iqnebian moiwvieT monawileebi dasxdnen 5<br />
skamze Sida wreSi, danarCenebi ki maT garSemo. sTxoveT<br />
Tavmjdomares gaxsnas sxdoma.<br />
244 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
1 maisi<br />
mSromelTa<br />
lidarobis<br />
oriso dRe<br />
9. rodesac Sexvedra dasruldeba gamoacxadeT mokle Sesveneba<br />
rolidan gamosasvlelad da Semdeg gadadiT analizsa da Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mokle mimoxilviT Tu rogor moewonaT monawileebs savarjiSo<br />
da Semdeg imsjeleT ra moxda da ra Seityves maT:<br />
� rogor iTanamSromla 2-ma jgufma TavianTi sawyisi winadadebebis<br />
mosamzadeblad? Zneli iyo Tu advili?<br />
� TavianTi winadadebebis pirvandel variantze muSaobis dros<br />
jgufebma mxolod TavianTi piradi interesebi gaiTvaliswines Tu<br />
mTlianad kompaniis?<br />
� SeimuSaves jgufebma molaparakebis taqtika?<br />
� rogor warimarTa sxdoma? mieca yvela msurvels azris gamoTqmis<br />
saSualeba?<br />
� SeZles mxareebma misuliyvnen urTierTmisaReb gadawyvetilebamde?<br />
� profkavSirebis wevroba aris adamianis aRiarebuli ufleba.<br />
ramdenad mniSvnelovania es ufleba? rogori iqneboda am uflebis<br />
arqonis Sedegebi?<br />
� ra ician monawileebma profkavSirebis Sesaxeb, ras warmoadgens is<br />
da ra saqmianobas eweva?<br />
� ramdenad Zlieria profkavSirebi Tqven qveyanaSi? da rac Seexeba<br />
damsaqmeblebs, arsebobs Tu ara maTi organizaciebic?<br />
� miekuTvneba monawileTagan vinme profkavSirebs? ratom? ra aris<br />
amis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSos dawyebamde mxedvelobaSi unda miiRoT sazogadoebis azri<br />
da Tqven qveyanaSi arsebuli zogadi damokidebulebebi profkavSirebis<br />
mimarT. mag. post-komunistur sazogadoebebSi am saqmianobis mimarT SeiZleba<br />
arsebobdes warsuli droebidan memkvidrulad gadmoyolili garkveuli<br />
winaaRmdegoba, radganac profkavSirebi ganixileboda rogorc ”komunizmis<br />
skola”. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ukeTesi iyos savarjiSos dawyeba im imijisa<br />
da stereotipebis ganxilviT, romelic monawileebs gaaCniaT profkavSirebis<br />
mimarT. aseve SegiZliaT sTxovoT monawileebs daukavSirdnen adgilobriv<br />
profkavSirebs informaciisaTvis da moikvlion SromasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebi maT qveyanaSi. aseve SeiZleba miuTiToT profkavSirebis<br />
mniSvnelobaze da aqtualobaze momsaxureTa uflebebis dacvis sakiTxSi<br />
miuxedavad masTan asocirebuli nebismieri politikuri sistemisa.<br />
jgufis Semadgenlobidan gamomdinare SesaZloa dagWirdeT maTTvis<br />
damatebiTi rekomendaciebis micema koleqtiuri molaparakebis sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. SesaZloa moisurvoT monawileebisaTvis ramodenime rCevis<br />
micema imis Sesaxeb Tu ra unda gaiTvaliswinon maT TavianTi poziciebisa da<br />
winadadebebis Camoyalibebis dros, mag. :<br />
� iqnebodnen TanamSromlebi Tanaxma uari eTqvaT xelfasis momatebis<br />
moTxovnaze yvela momsaxurisaTvis samsaxuris SenarCunebis<br />
sanacvlod?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
245
� mSromelTa romeli kategoriis ganTavisufleba iqneboda misaRebi Tu<br />
Statebis Semcireba gardauvalia?<br />
� aris SemoTavazebuli winadadebebi realisturi? SeuZlia kompanias<br />
gauZlos ekonomikur tvirTs?<br />
saurvelia Sexvedrebi da molaparakebebi warimarTos Tavis gziT! Tu<br />
diskusiis ganmavlobaSi mSromelebi da profkavSirebi gadawyveten miaRwion<br />
TavianT mizans gaficvebiT SegiZliaT moamaragoT isini furclebiT da<br />
pastebiT piketebze gamosatani plakatebis mosamzadebalad. Tu<br />
damqiraveblebi momsaxureebs ar darTaven sawarmoSi Sesvlis nebas anu<br />
moawyoben loqauTs, maTTvis mzad unda gqondeT meore oTaxi.<br />
evropis qveynebis umravlesobas aqvs koleqtiuri molaparakebebis<br />
maregulirebeli kanonebi. Tqven SesaZloa moisurvoT amgvari<br />
kanonmdeblobebis moZieba da zogierTi mniSvnelovani muxlebis aslebis<br />
gakeTeba, raTa monawileebs daexmaroT sruli masStabiT moaxdinon am<br />
savarjiSos realizacia.<br />
variantebi<br />
molaparakebebis kidev erTi magaliTi, romelic moiTxovs molaparakebas<br />
monawileTa uflebebTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba<br />
iyos skolis kreba mowveuli ”problematuri” studentis sakiTxis<br />
gadasawyvetad. Sexvedra SeiZleba Sedges erTi mxriv studentsa da mis<br />
mSoblebs da meores mxriv klasis xelmZRvanels/damrigebels, skolis<br />
administraciis warmomadgenlebs da mSobelTa komitets Soris.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moiwvieT profkavSirebis warmomadgeneli jgufTan sasaubrod.<br />
profkavSirebis telefonis nomrebi miTiTebuli iqneba adgilobriv<br />
satelefono cnobarebSi. zogadad profkavSirebi mondomebuli arian<br />
dauaxlovbdnen axalgazrdebs da es kargi SesaZlebloba iqneba TqvenTvis!<br />
Tu jgufs moewoneba aRniSnul ideebze msjeloba maT SeiZleba<br />
siamovnebiT Seasrulon savarjiSo ”sad dgaxar?”, romelSic monawileebma<br />
unda daicvan TavianTi poziciebi adamianis sakiTxebis mTeli speqtris<br />
garSemo.<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla<br />
adgilobriv profkavSirebTan erTad SeimuSaveT proeqti axalgazrdebSi<br />
profkavSiruli moZraobis ganviTarebis mizniT.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
axalgazrdebisa da profkavSirebis wevrobis Sesaxeb informacia<br />
mocemulia socialuri uflebebis bazisuri informaciis nawilSi 486 gv-ze.<br />
SeniSvna: es savarjiSo Seiqmna didi britaneTis profkavSirebTan GMO, evropis<br />
profkavSirebis kolejTan (ETUCO) da axali teqnologiebis gavlenis sferoSi mSromelTa<br />
treiningis evropul asociaciasTan (AFETT) TanamSromlobis safuZvelze<br />
246 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ebeli masala<br />
ia SromiTi terminebis mokle<br />
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni<br />
viTardeba sxdomaze damsaqmeblebis, TanamSromlebis, da<br />
irebis monawileobiT. maTi mcdeloba SeTanxmebas miaRwion<br />
koleqtiuri molaparakeba: molaparakebis<br />
procesi, romelSic momsaxureebis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
247
xelfasis momatebasTan dakavSirebiT CixSia Sesuli.<br />
warmomadgenlebi da damsaqmeblebi<br />
qarxana muSaobs 24 saaTi, weliwadSi 365 dRe. misi samuSao Zalis koleqtiurad eZeben iseTi sakiTxebis<br />
raodenoba mTlianobaSi TanamSromlebidan dawyebuli xelmZRvanelobiT SeTanxmebis da gadawyvetis gzebs,<br />
damTavrebuli 1 000 –ia.<br />
rogoricaa xelfasi da samuSao pirobebi.<br />
yvela mSromeli profkavSirebis wevrebi arian.<br />
loqauTi: loqauTi aris damqiraveblis<br />
kompania amJamad finansur da ekonomikur siZnelebes ganicdis, Tumca Zalauflebis gamoyenebis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
gabankrotebis safrTxis winaSe ar dgas. mogeba yovelTvis maRali radikaluri saSualeba. is uars eubneba<br />
iyo, magram man kleba iwyo gasul wels, mas Semdeg rac mTlianad am momsaxureebs samuSao adgilebze daSvebaze,<br />
seqtorSi aRiniSna daRmasvla. gasuli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi sufTa e.i. is piradpiri mniSvnelobiT uketavs maT<br />
xelfasebma moiklo 3 %-iT xolo personali Semcirda 10 %-iT. Sesasvlel kars, raTa aiZulos isini<br />
muSebi moiTxoven xelfasis zrdas industriis sxva sferoebSi matebis miiRon administraciis moTxovnebi.<br />
analogiurad.<br />
Semcireba: momsaxureebis Semcireba niSnavs<br />
Tavis mxriv xelmZRvaneloba acxadebs, rom xelfasebis zrda Statebis maT gaTavisuflebas samsaxuridan radganac<br />
Semcirebas gamoiwvevs. is TanamSromlebs da profkavSirebs Semdegi damsaqmebeli Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas,<br />
variantis ganxilvas sTavazobs:<br />
rom daxuros sawarmo. momsaxureebs ufleba<br />
� erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi xelfasebis gazrda 4%-iT individualuri aqvT moiTxovon Semcirebis sakompensacio<br />
kontraqtebis mixedviT (wliuri inflacia amJamad Seadgens 2%-s). Tanxa.<br />
� gadaxda saaTobrivi gamomuSavebis safuZvelze da ara dReobriv an ganTavisuflebis daxmareba: Tu srul Statze<br />
kvireul gamoTvlebze dayrdnobiT da samuSao drois gadaWarbebiT momuSave TanamSromeli ganTavisuflebulia<br />
muSaobis gauqmeba.<br />
usamarTlod an kompaniis<br />
� Statebis Semcireba (personalis 10% iT Semcireba ZiriTadad restruqturizaciis safuZvelze, mas aqvs<br />
staJiorebis, naxevar ganakveTze da droebiT Statze dakavebuli ufleba miiRos kompensacia rasac<br />
Tanamsromlebis xarjze, Semdegi principiT: ”vinc bolo Semodis, ganTavisuflebis daxmareba ewodeba. am<br />
pirveli gadis”), samsaxuris nebayoflobiT datoveba.<br />
Tanxis raodenoba gamoiTvleba momsaxuris<br />
xelmZRvanelTa SemoTavazeba uaryofil iqna muSakTa generaluri xelfasze dayrdnobiT mag. 1 kviris<br />
asambleis mier, romlebic SeSfoTebuli iyvnen, rom es SemoTavazeba xelfasi gamravlebuli muSaobis yovel<br />
kidev ufro gaauaresebda maT mdgomareobas (am momentisaTvis welze.<br />
momsaxureTa 40% -is xelfasis ZiriTadi nawili damatebiTi samuSaos gaficva: gaficvis ufleba aris adamianis<br />
anazRaurebisagan Sedgeba). profkavSirebma da momsaxureebma ZiriTadi socialuri ufleba, romelic<br />
kontrwinadadeba SesTavazes:<br />
ganixileba rogorc aucilebeli elementi<br />
� xelfasebis 9%-iT gazrda 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
warmatebuli koleqtiuri<br />
� premiebi da damatebiTi samuSaos anazRaureba darCes ucvlelad molaparakebisaTvis da rogorc<br />
� Statebis raodenobis SenarCuneba da nebismieri iZulebiT damsaqmebeli-daqiravebulis uTanasworo<br />
ganTavisuflebuli TanamSromlis gadamzadebis xarjebis anazRaureba. urTierTobis Semsubuqebis instrumenti.<br />
� moTxovnebis daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi moewyoba gaficvebi.<br />
gaficva aris muSaobaze uaris Tqma an<br />
kontrwinadadeba uaryofil iqna xelmZRvanelobis mier, romlebic<br />
samuSao procesis CaSla momsaxureebis<br />
amtkicebdnen, rom profkavSirebisa da momsaxureebis winadadebebi<br />
mier. magram momsaxureebs ar aqvT ufleba<br />
ver gadaWrida problemas, romlis winaSec idga kompania.<br />
gaificon roca moesurvebaT! gaficvis<br />
molaparakebebi ukve 2 Tvea grZeldeba.<br />
gamocxadebisTvis unda Sesruldes<br />
amJamindeli Sexvedra moewyo kompaniis plitikis safuZvelze, romlis<br />
kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
mixdviTac Tu SeTanxmebis miRweva ver xerxdeba 2 Tvis periodSi<br />
garkveuli pirobebi, romlebic sxvadasxva<br />
unda moxdes specialuri krebis mowveva yvela mxaris monawileobiT.<br />
qveynebSi sxvadasxvagvaria.<br />
zustad aseTi Sexvedraa am inscenirebis safuZveli. 2-ve mxares<br />
profkavSirebi: profkavSirebi aris asociacia,<br />
moeTxoveba SeimuSaon axali winadadebebi, romelic realisturi<br />
romelic arsebobs momsaxureebis uflebebis<br />
safuZveli iqneba urTierTdamakmayofilebeli SeTanxmebis misaRwevad.<br />
dasacavad, xelfasisa da samuSao pirobebis<br />
sul molaparakebis magidasTan unda isxdes 7 adamiani: 2<br />
CaTvliT. profkavSirebi ZiriTadad<br />
xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgeneli, 1 (momsaxureebis mier daniSnuli)<br />
warmoadgens momsaxureebis interesebs<br />
sxdomis Tavmjdomare, da 4 profkavSirebis warmomadgeneli.<br />
damsaqmeblebTan molaparakebebis dros. bevr<br />
ramdenadac es aris specialuri Ria generaluri sxdoma yvela qveyanaSi profkavSirebi gaerTianebulia<br />
momsaxures SeuZlia daswreba.<br />
konfederaciebis saxiT.<br />
rasizmis mogerieba<br />
skolaSi yvela wevrs ekisreba pasuxismgebloba rasistuli agresiis<br />
248 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
monitoringsa da rasistuli incidentebis winaaRmdeg brZolaze.<br />
ganaTleba<br />
diskriminaci<br />
adamianis zoga<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
4-50<br />
120 wuT
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi:<br />
ganaTleba, diskriminacia da qsenofobia, adamianis<br />
zogadi uflebebi.<br />
done 3<br />
4 – 50<br />
120 wuTi<br />
savarjiSoSi gamoyenebulia rolebis gaTamaSeba da ganxilulia<br />
kritikuli SemTxvevebi, raTa moaxdes monawileTa provocireba<br />
codnis demonstrirebis, kulturuli gansxvavebebis gamovlenis<br />
mizniT. tardeba diskusia da iwereba koleqtiuri mimarTvebi<br />
Temebze:<br />
� pirovnuli kulturuli CarCoebidan gamosvlis<br />
sirTuleebi<br />
� rasizmi, stereotipebi da kulturuli<br />
gansxvavebebi.<br />
rogor vebrZoloT rasizms skolebSi an sxva saganmanaTleblo<br />
institutebSi.<br />
Rirsebisa da uflebis Tanasworoba<br />
� diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� fiqris, sindisisa da religiuri aRmsareblobis<br />
Tavisufleba.<br />
daintereseba problemiT _ „adamianis uflebebi da rasizmi“<br />
� demokratiuli aqtivobis, komunikaciisa da<br />
TanamSromlobis unarCvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� pasuxismgeblobis, samarTlianobisa da<br />
solidarobis grZnobis damkvidreba<br />
didi furclebi an dafis furclebi da markerebi<br />
� 4 moxalise roluri gaTamaSebis warmosadgenad<br />
� baraTi roli seriozuli incidentis da<br />
xlemZRvanelisaTvis gansazRvruli miTiTebebis<br />
aRweriT, dasarigebeli masala 1<br />
� politika da rekomendaciebi skolisaTvis (an<br />
organizaciisaTvis) rasistul incidentebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
� dasarigebeli masala 2–is aslebi, „zogierTi praqtikuli<br />
SeniSvnebi ganxilvisaTvis“, CamowereT es SeniSvnebi didi<br />
zomis furcelze an aCveneT ekranze (arCeviTi).<br />
mimoixileT dasarigebeli masala 1-Si warmodgenili<br />
kritikuli incidenti da Tu saWiroa miusadageT is Tqven<br />
konkretul situacias.<br />
� airCieT 4 moxalise da sTxoveT maT moemzadon<br />
kritikul incidentze dafuZnebuli Zalian mokle<br />
roluri gaTamaSebisaTvis.<br />
es savarjiSo mimdinareobs 2 nawilad: nawili 1, mimoxilva: ras<br />
gulisxmobs termini ”rasizmi”?, nawili II, skolebSi (klubebSi an<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
249
RirsesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
21 marti<br />
rasobrivi<br />
diskriminaciis<br />
likvidaciisaTvis<br />
brZolis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
organizaciebSi) rasistuli incidentebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli politikis<br />
SemuSaveba.<br />
nawili I. mimoxilva: ras gulisxmobs termini `rasizmi~?<br />
1. daiwyeT savarjiSo rasizmis Sesaxeb fiqriT. SesaZloa gamoiwvioT<br />
monawileebi moaxdinon rasizmze reagireba rasistuli anekdotebis<br />
moyoliT da rasizmis Sesaxeb maTi azris gamokiTxviT. CamowereT<br />
maTi pasuxebi didi zomis furcelze an dafaze.<br />
2. rasistuli incidentebi da potenciuri kulturaTaSorisi<br />
gaugebrobebi xdeba yoveldRiurad. imsjeleT Tu ra saxis<br />
yoveldRiur incidentebs da qcevas gamoyofen monawileebi rogorc<br />
rasistuls.<br />
3. axla imuSaveT konkretul kritikul incidentze. daarigeT pastebi<br />
da furclebi. sTxoveT monawileebs yuradRebiT adevnon Tvalyuri<br />
rolur gaTamaSebas da yoveli Sesvenebis dros Camoweron<br />
ramodenime sityva-gasaRebi, romelic Seajamebs maT pasuxebs.<br />
mouwodeT moxaliseebs gaiTamaSon rolebi.<br />
4. gaakeTeT monawileebis komentarebis mokle analizi:<br />
� ra daweres monawileebma pirveli Sesvenebis dros? ram miiyvana<br />
monawileebi am daskvnamde?<br />
� ra daweres monawileebma meore Sesvenebaze? ram miiyvana<br />
monawileebi am daskvnamde?<br />
� ra gaacnobieres monawileebma sabolood? da ris safuZvelze?<br />
nawili II. skolebSi (an klubebSi an organizaciebSi) rasistuli<br />
incidentebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli politikis SemuSaveba.<br />
1. gaacaniT monawileebs Semdegi amocana _ skolebis klubebis an<br />
organizaciebisaTvis rasistuli incidentebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli<br />
politikis SemuSaveba.<br />
2. moawyveT mokle msjeloba maT skolebSi an klubebSi sxvadasxva<br />
`moqmedi pirebis~ Semadgenlobis gansazRvris mizniT. mag. skolis<br />
SemTxvevaSi eseni iqnebian: moswavleebi/studentebi, maswavleblebi,<br />
klasis damrigeblebi, direqtori, teqnikuri personali,<br />
laborantebi, biblioTekarebi, saskolo avtobusebis mZRolebi, dacva<br />
da a.S.<br />
3. Semdeg sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire 4-5 wevrian jgufebad da<br />
ganixilon CamoTvlili kategoriebis movaleobebi da<br />
pasuxismgeblobi rasistul incidentebTan mimarTebaSi. mizani aris<br />
mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba rogor unda daupirispirdnen es<br />
adamianebi amgvar incidentebs. mieciT jgufs 30 wuTi diskusiisa da<br />
dafaze ZiriTadi punqtebis CamowerisaTvis.<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs Seikribon plenarul sxdomaze maT mier<br />
Sesrulebuli samuSaos mosaxseneblad. xelmZRvanelma unda Seajamos<br />
punqtebi da sTxovos monawileebs Seadaron isini im politikas an<br />
mimarTulebebs, romlebic ukve arsebobs maT skolebSi.<br />
5. axla mouwodeT jgufs gaagrZelos muSaoba erTi aspeqtis (nabijis<br />
an zomis) SemuSavebisaTvis. mag. Tu saWiroa skolis zogadi<br />
gancxadeba rasizmis da diskriminaciis Sesaxeb daavaleT amis dawera<br />
erT jgufs. jgufebma aseve unda imsjelon maTi Sedegebis<br />
250 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
plenarul sxdomaze warmodgenis gzebze, mag. ara mxolod<br />
werilobiTi gancxadebebis, aramed vizualuri gamosaxulebebis,<br />
kolaJebis da skulpturebis gamoyenebazec TavianTi grZnobebis ukeT<br />
gadmosacemad.<br />
6. plenarul sxdomaze sTxoveT jgufebs warmoadginon TavianTi<br />
Sedegebi da imsjelon TavianTi ideebis ganxorcielebis gzebze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT Tavad savarjiSos mimoxilviT da Semdeg imsjeleT ra iswavles<br />
monawileebma da ra unda gaakeTon Semdeg.<br />
� ramdenad gavrcelebulia rasizmi skolaSi an klubSi da<br />
sazogadoebaSi zogadad?<br />
� romeli jgufebi zaraldeba yvelaze metad? ratom? iyvnen igive<br />
jgufebi rasizmis obieqti 20 an 50 wlis win?<br />
� savarjiSos Sesrulebis Sedegad Seicvala monawileebis warmodgena<br />
imis Sesaxeb Tu ras warmoadgens rasistuli incidenti? rogor?<br />
daasaxeleT magaliTebi.<br />
� vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba Tqven skolaSi (an organizaciaSi)<br />
rasistuli incidentebis Tavidan acilebaze?<br />
� gaixseneT kritikuli incidenti. ra unda gaekeTebinaT<br />
maswavleblebs, abdalas mamas da klasis xelmZRvanels sakiTxis<br />
samarTlianad gadawyvetisaTvis?<br />
� rasistuli incidentebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolveli politikis<br />
arseboba mniSvnelovania, magram ukeTesi xom ar iqneboda is saerTod<br />
ar yofiliyo saWiro? ra SeiZleba da ra unda gakeTdes rasistuli<br />
qcevis mizezebis aRmosafxvrelad rogorc skolaSi aseve<br />
sazogadoebaSi zogadad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
gaiTvaliswineT jgufis Semadgenloba da moaxdineT savarjiSos<br />
adaptireba Sesabamisad. monawileebi ufro aqtiurad CaerTvebian procesSi<br />
Tu maTTvis aqtualur sakiTxebs SeexebiT. meores mxriv mzad unda iyoT im<br />
emociebis sapasuxod, romelic SeiZleba warmoiSvas savarjiSos Sedegad.<br />
mniSvnelovania yuradReba miaqcioT im monawileebis grZnobebs, romlebic<br />
Tavad Tvlian Tavs diskriminirebulad skolaSi. SesaZloa kargi idea iyos<br />
erT konkretul kritikul incidentze aqcentirebis nacvlad SekriboT<br />
sxvadasxva magaliTebi da SeafasoT isini gansxavebuli rakursebiT. es<br />
midgoma saSualebas mogcemT gaiTvaliswinoT sxvadasxva Zalebis<br />
urTierToba; magaliTad, rasizmis gavlena Tanatolebze, da rasizmi,<br />
romelic momdinareobs maswavleblisgan an direqtorisgan.<br />
Tu gsurT dasawyisidanve iyoT maprovocirebeli da gamoiyenoT<br />
rasistuli anekdoti unda airCioT iseTi, rom ar Seexos Tqven klasis an<br />
axalgazrduli jgufis romelime wevrs. yvela qveyanaSi arsebobs sxva<br />
erovnebis xalxis gaSarJebis tradicia. SesaZloa diskusia daiwyoT<br />
jgufisaTvis aseTi 1 an 2 xumrobis moyolis TxovniT. Semdeg SegiZliaT<br />
gadaxvideT rasistuli da ara-rasistuli xumrobebis gamyofi xazis Sesaxeb<br />
saubarze. mag. aris anekdotebi pakistanelebis an Turqebis Sesaxeb<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
251
nacionalisturi an rasistuli? aman SeiZleba migiyvanoT rasistuli<br />
xumrobis da rasistuli incidentis ganmartebamde (ix. qvemoT “damatebiT<br />
informaciaSi~).<br />
SeiZleba moxdes ise, rom II nawilis bolos 4 etapis daskvnebi ar<br />
iyos monawileebisaTvis sakmarisi safuZveli 5 etapze gadasasvlelad. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoiyenoT dasarigebeli masala 2 “zogierTi<br />
praqtikuli SeniSvna ganxilvisaTvis” da mouwodoT jgufebs ganaviTaron<br />
pirveli 4 safexuri.<br />
variantebi<br />
savarjiSo SeiZleba iqnas adaptirebuli iseTi sakiTxis gansaxilvelad<br />
rogoricaa dacinva. Tu es sakiTxi wamoiWreba SeiZleba moisurvoT<br />
savarjiSos “gvaqvs raime alternativa?” (gv. 141) Sesruleba, vidre<br />
gadaxvidodeT dacinvis sawinaaRmdego politikis SemuSavebaze.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
regularulad mimoixileT sakiTxi, mag. 1-xel an 2-jer weliwadSi.<br />
politika unda gadaixedos raTa uzrunvelyofili iqnas misi miznebTan<br />
Seasabamisoba. sazogadoebis cvlilebasTan erTad politikas sWirdeba<br />
ganaxleba, raTa kvlav akmayofilebdnen cvalebadi pirobebis moTxovnebs.<br />
jgufma SeiZleba moindomos ganixilos rogor Semodis rasizmis<br />
aspeqtebi komerciul gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. savarjiSo<br />
“wamlebis xelmisawvdomoba” 329 gv-ze ganixilavs sxvadasxva sakiTxebs<br />
rasizmis CaTvliT, romelic ganixileboda 1990 wlis sasamarTlo procesze<br />
samxreT afrikis mTavrobasa da Sidsis samkurnalo preparatebis mwarmoebel<br />
kompaniebs Soris.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
gaagrZeleT politikaze muSaoba Tqven skolaSi an organizaciaSi da<br />
uzrunvelyaviT maTi ganxorcieleba. jgufi SeiZleba aseve SeuerTedes antirasistul<br />
proeqtebs sxva qveynebSi. mag. belgiaSi ganxorcielebul<br />
programas “skolebi rasizmis gareSe”, romelic moiTxovs, rom sul mcire<br />
skolis koleqtivis 60%-ma xeli moaweros da ganaxorcielos erToblivi<br />
anti-diskriminaciuli deklaracia (www.schoolwithoutracism-europe.org).<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
rasizmis ganmarteba<br />
252 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
asizmi zogadad Sedgeba qcevis, sityvebis an qmdebisagan, romelic aniWebs an arTmevs privilegiebs<br />
adamianebs maTi kanis feris, kulturis an eTnikuri warmomavlobis niadagze. misi foruli formebi iseve<br />
sazianoa, rogorc misi aSkara gamoxatuleba.<br />
institucionaluri rasizmi aris koleqtivis mier uaris Tqma uzrunveylos saTanado da profesiuli<br />
servisi adamianebisaTvis maTi kanis feris, kulturis an eTnikuri warmomavlobis gamo. es SeiZleba<br />
aisaxos procedurebSi, damokidebulebebSi da qcevaSi, romelic sabolood iZleva diskriminacias<br />
usafuZvlo prekoncefciebis, ucodinrobis, daufiqreblobis, da rasistuli stereotipebis xarjze rac<br />
araprivilegirebul mdgomareobaSi ayenebs eTnikuri umciresobebs. rasistul agrsias da incidentebs<br />
SeiZleba adgili hqondes nebismier institutSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis studentebis<br />
raodenobis miuxedavad.<br />
rasistuli incidenti aris nebismieri incidenti, romelic aRiqmeba rasistulad msxverplis an nebismieri<br />
sxva pirovnebis mier.<br />
ra saxis incidentebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos rasistulad?<br />
fizikuri ziani: warmoadgens umciresobaTa jgufebSi Semavali rogorc bavSvebis aseve mozrdilebis<br />
Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmis an fizikuri daSinebis SedarebiT naTel magaliTebs da aseve „naklebi“ daSinebis<br />
incidentebs, romelTa dagrovebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios kumulaciuri efeqti.<br />
sityvieri Seuracyofa: Seuracmyofeli saxelebis darqmeva umciresobis jgufebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis an<br />
raime dacinva pirovnebis kulturis mimarT (mag. musika, Cacma, an dieta) SeiZleba iyos yvelaze naTeli<br />
magaliTi. SesaZloa arsebobdes sityvieri Seuracyofis sxva formebic, maswavleblebis, moswavleebis,<br />
studentebis da skolis/saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis sxva wevris monawileobiT, romlebic naklebad<br />
gamokveTilia, rogoricaa SeniSvnebi rasistuli qveteqstebiT, romelic Seuracyofs pirovnebas.<br />
TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqma da upativcemuloba: umciresobaTa warmomadgenel moswavleebTan, studentebTan,<br />
maswavleblebTan, mwvrTnelebTan, axalgazrduli organizaciebis liderebTan, da sxv.<br />
skolis/saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis wevrTan TanamSromlobaze an maT pativiscemaze uaris Tqma<br />
SeiZleba warmoadgendes rasistul incidents Tu arsebobs rasistuli motivaciis mtkicebuleba an<br />
„msxverpli“ aRiqvams rasimzs motivad. upativcemuloba aseve SeiZleba iyos uyuradReboba mag. Tu<br />
maswavlebeli an mwvrTneli iCens moswavlis kulturis ucodinarobas imgvarad, rom msxverpli Tavs<br />
grZnobs Seuracyofilad an uxerxulad.<br />
sxva SemTxvevebi: rasistuli xumrobebi da rasistuli terminologiis gamoyeneba, rasistuli niSnebis,<br />
bajebis, maisurebis da a.S tareba, rasistuli warwerebi, rasistuli literaturis an plakatebis<br />
gavrceleba, rasistuli an faSisturi organizaciebis arseboba skolaSi an mis axlomaxlos an<br />
stereotipebis gavrceleba, romlebic iwveven diskriminacias.<br />
bevri rasistuli incidenti naklebad gamoxatulia. aseTi faruli qmedebebi xSirad yvelaze Znelad<br />
dasafiqsirebeli da mosagvarebelia. bevri rasistuli incidenti studentebis da moswavleebis<br />
monawileobiT ar moxdeba maswavleblebis an mwvrTnelebis TandaswrebiT. amdenad mniSvnelovania skolebma<br />
SeimuSaon strategia raTa uzrunvelyon, rom skolis yvela wevri mgrZnobiare iyos aseTi incidentebis<br />
mimarT da pasuxismgeblobas aiRos maT dafiqsirebasa da maT winaaRmdeg brZolaze.<br />
praqtikuli momenti ganxilvisaTvis anti-rasistuli politikis SemuSavebasTan<br />
ebaSi<br />
agresiis da rasistuli incidentebis ganxilvis dros aucilebelia mTeli skolis (organizaciis)<br />
politikis SemuSavebaSi da ganxorcielebaSi. mniSvnelovania ,rom rasistuli incidentebis mimarT<br />
miesadagebodes zogad saskolo/organizaciul politikas da praqtikas. sakiTxi unda CaiTvalos<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
253
”gansakuTrebulad magram ara izolirebulad”. zogierTi praqtikuli momeneti ganxilvisaTvis aris:<br />
� politikis mkafiod Camoyalibeba, da demonstrireba, rom araviTari rasistuli incidentebi an<br />
rasistuli agresia ar iqneba Sewynarebuli<br />
� skolis (organizaciis) politikaSi mkafiod unda iyos Camoyalibebuli ra procedurebi unda<br />
Sesruldes, rodesac rasistuli incidents eqneba dgili<br />
� mTeli skolis CarTva aseTi incidentebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli procesebisa da SeTanxmebuli qmedebebis<br />
CaTvliT unda gavrceldes skolis yvela wevrze: direqtori, pedagogiuri koleqtivi, teqpersonali,<br />
mSoblebi, moswavleebs, studentebs da vizitorebi.<br />
� unda arsebobdes mkafio gaazreba, rom skolis yvela wevri valdebulia daafiqsiros da ebrZolos<br />
rasobriv agresias da rasistul incidentebs.<br />
� unda arsebobdes erTiani midgoma, raTa procesSi CarTulma yvela wevrma icodes ra moeTxoveba.<br />
� yvelas unda esmodes, rom incidentze pasuxis gacema unda moxdes dauyovnebliv rogorc ki is<br />
aRmocendeba an dafiqsirdeba.<br />
� nebismieri qmedebebi gagrZelebisaTvis unda ganxorcieldes SeTanxmebuli drois farglebSi.<br />
(informaciis wyaro: www.northants-ecl.gof.uk/apps/ips/msc/rig/hme.asp)<br />
254<br />
dasarigebeli masala:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
kritikuli SemTxveva – baraTi - roli<br />
moaxdineT Zalian mokle roluri gaTamaSeba Semdeg incidentze dayrdnobiT. is warmodgenili unda<br />
iyos 3 mokle scenad rogorc qvemoT aris naCvenebi. Sesvenebebis dros xelmZRvanel(eb)ma unda<br />
sTxovon damkvirveblebs daweron ras fiqroben momxdaris Sesaxeb.<br />
scena 1. 2 maswavlebeli saubrobs samaswavlebloSi.<br />
gasuli Tvis ganmavlobaSi qurdobis ramodenime SemTxvevas hqonda adgili skolaSi. axla isev<br />
fuli daikarga. direqtors gadawyvetili aqvs bolomde CaeZios SemTxvevas da cdilobs<br />
gaarkvios sxva maswavleblebTan erTad vin aris qurdi. abdala, moswavle romlis ojaxic<br />
warmoSobiT CrdiloeT amerikidanaa eWvmitanilia sul mcire am bolo incidentSi.<br />
scena 2. saubari abdalas mamasa da direqtors Soris. direqtori ibarebs abdalas mamas<br />
Sexvedraze. Sedegad is srulad anazRaurebs dakargul Tanxas.<br />
scena 3. 2 maswavlebeli isev saubrobs samaswavlebloSi<br />
is, rom abdalas mamam aanazRaura danakargi ganixileba rogoc abdalas danaSaulis aRiareba. magram<br />
mogvianebiT isini pouloen mtkicebulebas, rom abdalas araviTari saerTo ar qonda am<br />
qurdobasTan.<br />
kritikuli SemTxveva - rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
moxaliseebma Seasrulon TavianTi rolebi. Sesvenebis dros dasviT SekiTxvebi da sTxoveT dakmvirveblebs<br />
Camoweron ramodenime sityva-gasaRebi, romelic ajamebs maT pasuxs warmodgenis am etapze.<br />
scena 1: gasuli Tvis ganmavlobaSi qurdobis ramodenime SemTxvevas qonda adgili skolaSi. axla isev fuli<br />
daikarga. direqtors gadawyvetili aqvs bolomde CaeZios SemTxvevas da cdilobs gaarkvios sxva<br />
maswavleblebTan erTad vin aris qurdi. abdala moswavle romlis ojaxic warmoSobiT CrdiloeT<br />
amerikidanaa eWvmitanilia sul mcire am bolo incidentSi.<br />
I Sesveneba: pirveli SekiTxva damkvirveblebs: Tqven rom direqtori yofiliyaviT rogor moiqceodiT?<br />
scena 2. direqtori ibarebs abdalas mamas Sexvedraze. Sedegad is srulad anazRaurebs dakargul Tanxas.<br />
meore Sesveneba. meore SekiTxva damkvirveblebs: fiqrobT, rom problemis gadawyveta damakmayofilebeli iyo?<br />
scena 3. is, rom abdalas mamam gadaixada danakargi ganixileba rogorc abdalas danaSaulis aRiareba. magram<br />
mogvianebiT isini pouloben mtkicebulebas, rom abdalas araviTari saerTo ar qonda am qurdobasTan.<br />
mesame Sesveneba. mesame SekiTxva damkvirveblebs: ras fiqrobT axla?<br />
roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
255
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
media<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
“Tu sxvebs gaasamarTleb ise, rogorc Sen gagasamarTla am sistemam,<br />
arafriT ar xar imaTze ukeTesi, vinc Sen sikvdili mogisaja” –<br />
duaiT adanandusi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba, media, mSvidoba da<br />
Zaladoba.<br />
done 3<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
savarjiSo iyenebs sainformacio furclebs da<br />
diskusias Semdegi sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad:<br />
� damnaSaveebis uflebebi<br />
� sikvdliT dasja<br />
� sazogadoebis dacva damnaSaveebisagan<br />
sicocxlis ufleba<br />
� sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli<br />
mopyrobisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
Cveni prekoncefciebis gamokvleva damnaSaveebTan mimarTebaSi da<br />
sikvdiliT dasjis zogierTi Sedegze msjeloba<br />
� sakuTari mosmenis da miRebuli informaciis<br />
„interpretacirebis~ unaris Semowmeba.<br />
� adamianuri Rirsebisa da samarTlianobis<br />
grZnobis damkvidreba<br />
dasarigebeli masalis „roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe“ erTi<br />
asli TiTo monawilisaTvis.<br />
� furceli da fanqari jgufis yvela wevrisaTvis.<br />
I etapi<br />
1. waukiTxeT jgufs savarjiSos - `roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe~ I<br />
nawili xmamaRla. rodesac kiTxvas daasrulebT mieciT monawileebs<br />
daaxloebiT 5 wuTi yvela ZiriTadi punqtis gasaxseneblad da<br />
sakuTari sityvebiT maT dasawerad. Semdeg sTxoveT gacvalon<br />
furclebi mezoblebTan, waikiTxon erTamenTis Canawerebi da<br />
gaakeTon komentarebi.<br />
2. sTxoveT moxaliseebs waikiTxon TavianTi Canawerebi. Semdeg<br />
imsjeleT versiebs Soris arsebul gansxvavebebze: axsovdaT<br />
zogierTebs ufro meti detalebi, vidre danarCenebs? zogierTma<br />
Tavad gamoigona iseTi detalebi, romlebic originalSi ar iyo<br />
naxsenebi?<br />
3. kiTxeT monawileebs rogori iyo maTi reaqcia ambis mimarT: rogor<br />
fiqroben vin iyo ambis mTxrobeli? ra moxda?<br />
II etapi.<br />
1. waikiTxeT amonaWreli gazeTidan da duaTis monayolis 2 nawili.<br />
256 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
2. axla mieciT wyvilebs saSualeba imsjelon axali informaciis<br />
Sesaxeb 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi TavianT partniorebTan. daurigeT<br />
`maT roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe~-is aslebi im SemTxvevaSi Tu<br />
survili aqvT kvlav gadaxedon teqsts.<br />
3. Semdeg sTxoveT maT ifiqron Semdeg 2 sakiTxze:<br />
� Seicvales maT azri duaiTis an nanonis Sesaxeb ridesac<br />
Seityves, rom sikvdilmisjilTa rigebSi iyvnen? rogor?<br />
ratom?<br />
� rogor fiqroben ras gulisxmobda duaiTi, rodesac ambobda<br />
“Tu sxvebs gaasamarTleb iseve rogorc Sen am sistemam<br />
gagasamarTla, arafriT ar gamodixar imaze ukeTesi vidre isini<br />
vinc Sen sikvdili mogisaja” eTanxmebiT mas?<br />
4. gamoacxadeT sakiTxi Ria diskusiis sagnad da moiTxoveT<br />
komentarebi sxvadasxva wyvilebisagan am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
es savarjiSo SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas mTeli rigi saitereso da<br />
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis wamosaWrelad, romlebmac SeiZleba Seadginon<br />
Semdgomi savarjiSoebis an diskusiebis sagani. Tumca rekomendirebulia, rom<br />
analizis dros ar daSordeT im sakiTxebs, romlebic jgufebma ukve<br />
ganixiles nacvlad imisa, rom wamoWraT sruliad axali sakiTxebi (ix.<br />
qvemoT nawilSi rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs)<br />
� SeityveT raime axali sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb am savarjiSodan?<br />
gaiZulaT man gadagexedaT Tqveni romelime adrindeli azris an<br />
rwmenisaTvis?<br />
� rogor fiqrobT ris ilustrirebas isaxavda miznad savarjiSo? iyo<br />
misi mcdeloba warmatebuli, Tu ara ratom?<br />
� ras geubnebaT savarjiSo, Tu saerTod rames geubnebaT sicocxlis<br />
uflebis Sesaxeb? iyo kidev raime sxva uflebebi romlebic<br />
wamoiWra diskusiis dros?<br />
CainiSneT es sakiTxebi didi zomis furclebze an dafaze SemdegSi<br />
gamoyenebis mizniT.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
pirveli diskusiis dros (I nawilis wakiTvis Semdeg) mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom aranairi miniSneba ar gaakeToT am 2 personaJis mdgomareobaze: ecadeT<br />
aTqmevinoT monawileebs maTi STabeWdilebebi personaJebis Sesaxeb, magram ar<br />
mianiSnoT, rom raime konkretuli mizezi gaqvT amisTvis. mizani aris 2-ive<br />
personaJis adamianuri Tvisebebis Seswavla maTi axalandeli mdgomareobis an<br />
warsulis codnis gareSe.<br />
I etapis bolos monawileebis mier Canawerebis gacvlis mizani aris<br />
warmodgenis Seqmna sxvadasxva pirovnebebis mier erTi da imave informaciis<br />
damaxsovrebisa da aRqmis gansxvavebuli gzebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania xazi<br />
gaesvas, rom amas ar unda mieces „testis“ saxe, raTa monawileebma ar<br />
daimorcxvon TavianTi Canawerebis gamo. aramed es unda iyos gansxvavebuli<br />
Sexedulebebis Cvenebis gza. scadeT komentari sTxovoT im monawileebs,<br />
romelTa Canawerebi radikalurad gansxvavdeboda maTi mezoblisagan. hkiTxeT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
257
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
26 ivnisi<br />
wamebis msxverplTa<br />
mxardaWeris<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
ratom SeiZleboda momxdariyo ase – mag. ratom daamaxsovrda zogierTi<br />
informacia ramodenime monawiles danarCenebs ki is gamorCaT.<br />
savarjiSo albaT metismetad bevr sakiTxs wamoWris 1 sxdomisaTvis.<br />
amitomac SeecadeT SeinarCunoT msjelobis kursi da ar misceT monawileebs<br />
sikvdiliT dasjis Sesaxeb debatebiT gaitacebis saSualeba. ecadeT<br />
aqcentireba moxdes 2 Semdeg sakiTxze:<br />
1. ra xarisxiT varT Cven, saxelmwifo midrekilni „ganvsajoT“<br />
adamianebi maTi saqcielis (rac gvjera rom Caidines) safuZvelze.<br />
albaT amas gulisxmobs duaiTi, rodesac ambobs, rom ar SeiZleba<br />
sxvebis gansja ise, rogorc saxelmwifom gansaja is (da nanoni).<br />
saxelmwifom efeqturad Camowera isini rogorc adamianebi, (rogorc<br />
saxelmwifos sjera) maT mier warsulSi Cadenili saqcielis<br />
safuZvelze.<br />
2. Tumca egreT wodebuli „mZime damnaSave“ flobs da inarCunebs<br />
adamianur Tvisebebs – maT axasiaTebT ara mxolod „zrunva da<br />
TanagrZnoba“, romelzec duaiTi laparakobs aramed „sasowarkveTa da<br />
depresia“, romelsac nanoni aRwers rogorc patimrobis Sedegs.<br />
„sicocxlis uflebis“ Sesaxeb msjelobis dros diskusia warmarTeT<br />
ise, rom garkvioT kvlav aqvs Tu ara am or adamians sicocxlis ufleba –<br />
Tu ara rogor „kargavs“ zogierTi am uflebas. aqvs mag. vinmes ufleba<br />
sicocxlis ufleba waarTvas sxva moqalaqeebs, maSinac ki Tu maT danaSauli<br />
Caidines?<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
gaagrZeleT savarjiSos bolos wamoWrili sakiTxebis ganxilva. moawyveT<br />
formaluri debatebi an gamoiyeneT “arCevnebis” meTodi. SeiZleba ganixiloT<br />
Semdegi Temebi:<br />
� sasjelis sakiTxebi: ra aris damnaSaveebis dapatimrebis da/an maTi<br />
dasjis mizani? es upiratesad mimarTulia sazogadoebis dacvisaken,<br />
damnaSaveebis qcevis Secvlisaken Tu es aris revanSi/samagieros<br />
gadaxda?<br />
� sikvdliT dasja: ra aris sikvdliT dasjis sawinaaRmdego da<br />
mxardamWeri argumentebi?<br />
� eris usafrTxoeba pirovnebis usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg: ra aris is<br />
zRvari, romelic dasaSvebia saxelmwifosaTvis misi yvelaze<br />
saSineli damnaSaveebis an teroristebis mopyrobisaTvis? mag.<br />
SeiZleba iyos adamianis wameba gamarTlebuli “eris usafrTxoebis”<br />
safuZvelze?<br />
ewvieT nanonis pirad vebgverds: http://home4.inet.tele.dk/lepan/lene/nanon.htm.<br />
simRerebi yovelTvis iyo mZlavri iaraRi adamianebis mier uflebebisaTvis<br />
brZolaSi.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
ix. kanadis sikvdiliT dasjis mowinaaRmdegeTa koaliciis vebgverdi da<br />
waikiTxeT patimrebis werilebi (www.ccadp.org). Semdeg miswereT werili<br />
romelime sikvdilmisjils (kanadis sikvdiliT dasjis mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />
258 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
koaliciis vebgverdze aris informacia rogor daamyaroT mimowera an<br />
daukavSirdeT saerTaSoriso amnistiis adgilobriv asociacias).<br />
SeniSvna: `roca dadgeba xvalindeli dRe~ - sruli teqsti SegiZliaT ix. kanadis<br />
sikvdiliT dasjis mowinaaRmdegeTa koaliciis veb-gverdze.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
amonaridi gazeTidan<br />
hanstvili – 2 oqtomberi, 1997. braldebuli mZarcvelis sasjeli aRsrulebaSi iqna moyvanili oTxSabaTs<br />
saRamos. man 9 wlis win cecxlsasroli iaraRiT mokla san antonios biznesmeni, romelic cdilobda<br />
mis SeCerebas bankidan gaqcevis dros. 41 wlis adananduss sikvdili miesaja vernon hananis<br />
mkvlelobisaTvis, romelic 1988 w. 28 ianvars mkerdSi iqna daWrili adanandusTan san antonios<br />
CrdiloeT mxares mdebare bankis foieSi SebrZolebis dros.<br />
adgeba xvalindeli dRe. nanon uiliamsi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
anandusis sikvdilidan meore dRes cxovrebas sul sxvagvari TvaliT Sevxede da davinaxe imisgan<br />
vebuli, vidre is iyo an SesaZloa imisagan gansxvavebuli rogoric mindoda rom yofiliyo.<br />
s dasawyisi iyo, viweqi da isev vfiqrobdi megobarze, romelic RimiliT amsubuqebda Semoklebuli<br />
simZimes da saSinel tkivils vgrZnobdi. rodesac frTxilad mivedi karebTan da qvemodan<br />
rebuli gazeTi aviRe iq misi istoria ewera.<br />
bdi da vicodi, rom mas veRarasodes vnaxavdi da iseTi SegrZneba mqonda TiTqos viRac<br />
259
260 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sad dgaxarT?<br />
aris socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi fufuneba, romlebic<br />
mxolod mdidari qveynebis moqalaqeebisaTvisa misawvdomi?<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, moqalaqeoba, siRaribe.<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
50 wuTi<br />
savarjiSo-diskusia, romelic ganixilavs:<br />
� adamianis RirsebisaTvis saWiro bazisur<br />
elementebs<br />
samoqalaqo da politikuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
uflebebis SedarebiTi mniSvneloba<br />
mTavrobis valdebulebebi socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
uflebebis realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
yvela<br />
erTis mxriv samoqalaqo da politikur da meores mxriv<br />
socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs Soris gansxvavebis<br />
gaazreba<br />
� uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi<br />
rTuli sakiTxebis ganxilva<br />
� diskusiisa da argumentaciis unarCvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
gancxadebebis furclis 1 asli<br />
� didi zomis furclebi an dafis furclebi,<br />
pastebi<br />
� Toki an carci (arCeviTi)<br />
adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciis adaptirebuli teqstis asli<br />
(gv. 508) (arCeviTi)<br />
moamzadeT 2 plakati erTi warweriT – „veTanxmebi“, meore –<br />
„ar veTanxmebi“ da miawebeT isini oTaxis sawinaaRmdego<br />
boloebSi raTa xalxma SeZlos maT Soris swor xazze<br />
ganlageba. (SesaZloa moisurvoT carciT xazis gavleba maT<br />
Soris an Tokis gabma).<br />
1. daiwyeT Zalian mokle SesavliT erTis mxriv samoqalaqo da<br />
politikur da meores mxriv socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs<br />
Soris gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
261<br />
adamianis zog. uflebebi<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
siRaribe<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
50 wuTi
2. ifiqreT 5 wuTi sxvadasxva uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic TiToeul<br />
am kategoriaSi xvdeba. CamowereT uflebebi dafaze Sesabamisi<br />
saTaurebis qveS: samoqalaqo da politikuri, socialuri da<br />
ekonomikuri uflebebi.<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom axla apirebT gancxadebebis seriis wakiTxvas,<br />
romelTac monawileebs SeuZliaT met-naklebad daeTanxmon.<br />
4. miuTiTeT 2 ukidures wertilze – plakatebze warweriT<br />
“veTanxmebi” da “ar veTanxmebi”. ganmarteT, rom monawileebs<br />
SeuZliaT daikavon nebismieri wertili warmosaxviTi xazis<br />
gaswvriv. magram maT unda scadon dadgnen rac SeiZleba axlos im<br />
xalxTan, vinc maT azrs iziarebs. vidre monawileebi TavianT<br />
adgilebs eZeben nebadarTulia mokle diskusia!<br />
5. waikiTxeT gancxadebebi TanmimdevrobiT. cvaleT ritmi: zogi unda<br />
waikiTxoT swrafad, zogis wakiTxvis dros ki unda gaakeToT mcire<br />
pauzebi, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos mokle diskusia.<br />
6. moaxdineT diskusiisa da azris gamoTqmis stimulireba. sTxoveT<br />
ukiduresad dacilebul wertilebSi mdgomT ganmarton, ratom<br />
airCies es wertilebi. hkiTxeT centrSi mdgomT niSnavs Tu ara maTi<br />
pozicia myari azris an codnis naklebobas.<br />
7. mieciT monawileebs saSualeba Seicvalon poziciebi erTmaneTis<br />
komentarebis mosmenis Semdeg.<br />
8. rodesac gancxadebebis mosmena damTavrdeba SekribeT jgufi<br />
analizisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT savarjiSos mimoxilviT, Semdeg ki gaarkvieT ra iswavles<br />
monawileebma.<br />
� iyo raime SekiTxvebi, romlebzec monawileebs gauWirdaT pasuxis<br />
gacema, radgan Zneli iyo sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba am sakiTxze<br />
an kiTxva cudad iyo formulirebuli?<br />
� ratom Seicvales monawileebma poziciebi diskusiis dros?<br />
� gaakvirva monawileebi sakiTxebis garSemo uTanxmoebis xarisxma?<br />
� aqvs raime mniSvneloba Cvens mier adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebis<br />
Sesaxeb SeuTanxmeblobas?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom arsebobs „swori“ da „araswori“ pasuxebi sxvadasxva<br />
gancxadebebze Tu es ubralod piradi azris Sedegia?<br />
� SeiZleba rodesme gaxdes SesaZlebeli, rom yvelam miaRwios<br />
SeTanxmebas adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb?<br />
� arsebobs fundamenturi gansxvaveba adamianis uflebaTa (pirvel) 2<br />
Taobas Soris: samoqalaqo da politikur, socialur da ekonomikur<br />
uflebebs Soris? SesaZlebelia iTqvas, romelia maTgan ufro<br />
mniSvnelovani?<br />
� gvWirdeba raime sxva uflebebic? SesaZlebelia arsebobdes mesame<br />
Taobis uflebebi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
262 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
es savarjiSo moicavs adamianis yvela uflebas, magram ZiriTadi aqcenti<br />
socialur da ekonomikur uflebebze keTdeba. mag. muSaobis da dasvenebis<br />
ufleba, jandacvis da elementaruli sacxovrebeli pirobebis ufleba<br />
(muxlebi 16, 22-29 adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaracia).<br />
qvemoT moyvanili gancxadebebi gaTvlilia zogierTi debatebis<br />
gansaxilvelad, romlebic erTis mxriv exeba samoqalaqo da politikur<br />
uflebebs Soris gansxxvavebas da meores mxriv socialur da ekonomikur<br />
uflebebs Soris. saWiro ar aris savarjiSos dasawyisidanve detalebSi<br />
CaRrmaveba, radganac bevri sakiTxi diskusiis ganmavlobaSi wamoiWreba.<br />
maram arsebobs 2 momenti, romlebzec albaT Rirs yuradRebis SeCereba<br />
Sesavlis dros. pirveli, martivi dayofa, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebi aris is moraluri moTxovnebi, romelsac Cven vuyenebT mTavrobebs<br />
samoqalaqo da politikur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT _ rogoricaa<br />
samarTliani gasamarTlebis, xmis micemis, azris gamoTqmis da a.S. ufleba.<br />
socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi ki aris is moTxovnebi, romlebic<br />
dakavSirebulia socialur da ekonomikur sakiTxebTan – rogoricaa<br />
usaxlkaroba, araadeqvaturi jandacva, siRaribe, da a.S. uflebaTa pirvel<br />
jgufs aseve pirveli Taobis uflebebs uwodeben, xolo meore jgufis<br />
uflebebs – meore Taobis uflebebs, im qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobidan<br />
gamomdinare, romlis mixedviTac moxda maTi aRiareba adamianebis mier<br />
rogorc adamianis sayovelTao uflebebisa.<br />
meore momenti aris is, rom zogierTebi fundamentur gansxvavebebs<br />
xedaven sxvadasxva tipis uflebebs Soris. bevri acxadebs, rom socialuri<br />
da ekonomikuri uflebebi naklebad mniSvnelovania an/da maTi uzrunvelyofa<br />
ufro rTulia vidre samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebisa. sxvebi ar<br />
eTanxmebian am azrs. am debatebis Sesaxeb informacia SegiZliaT ix. 4<br />
TavSi.<br />
fiqris dros SesaZloa moisurvoT monawileebisaTvis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis gamartivebuli teqstis aslebis<br />
darigeba, rac daexmareba maT Sesabamisi informaciis gaxsenebaSi an Tqven<br />
TviTon waikiTxeT zogierTi muxli da sTxoveT monawileebs daalagon isini<br />
Sesabamis kategoriebSi. 16 da 22-29 muxlebi zogadad iTvleba socialurekonomikur<br />
uflebebTan dakavSirebul punqtad.<br />
SesaZloa moisurvoT savarjiSos poziciebis SerCevis da Secvlis<br />
nawilis SedarebiT swrafad Sesruleba, sxvadasxva gancxadebebs Soris<br />
diskusiisaTvis mcire drois gamoyofa da Semdeg airCioT 2 an 3 gancxadeba<br />
da ufro detalurad imsjeloT masze mTel jgufTan erTad. magram zogjer<br />
kargi iqneba savarjiSos Sewyveta garkveul momentSi, raTa monawileebs<br />
saSualeba misceT gamoTqvan sakuTari azri zogierT gancxadebebeze da<br />
gamoxaton sakuTari poziciebi sxvebis azris gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
variantebi<br />
SeadgineT damatebiTi gancxadebebi an sTxoveT jgufis wevrebs Tavad<br />
moigonon isini.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
5 dekemberi<br />
ekonomikuri da<br />
socialuri<br />
ganviTarebis<br />
moxaliseTa<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
263
dasarigebeli masala<br />
gancxadebebis CamonaTvali<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moawyveT formaluri debatebi erT-erTi sakiTxis garSemo da sTxoveT<br />
monawileebs winaswar moamzadon argumentebi, xolo debatebis bolos<br />
Caataron kenWisyra. SegiZliaT dasaswrebad moiwvioT sxva axalgazrdebic an<br />
sazogadoebis wevre`bi.<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb codna mniSvnelovania, magram Tu gvinda,<br />
rom uflebebi daculi iyos aseve gadamwyvetia aqtiuri moqalaqeoba.<br />
SeiZleba moisurvoT savarjiSos ”airCie” Sesruleba (gv. 85), romelic<br />
ganixilavs, Tu rogor unda daarwmunoT sxvebi sakuTari azris sisworeSi.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
daukavSirdiT adgilobriv organizacias, romelic moRvaweobs adamianis<br />
uflebebis an socialuri uzrunvelyofis sferoSi da gaarkvieT, ra<br />
wvlilis Setana SegiZliaT.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
saxelmZRvanelos Tavi 4 Seicavs ZiriTad informacias sxvadasxva Taobis<br />
uflebebze ”mesame Taobis” uflebebis Sesavlis CaTvliT.<br />
� ufro mniSvnelovania gqondes Weri Tavze, vidre ambobde rac mogesurveba<br />
� adamianebs aqvT valdebuleba imuSaon, magram ara ufleba<br />
� nebismieri mTavrobis ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba aris yvela moqalaqis sakmarisi sakvebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofa<br />
� ”dasvenebisa da garTobis” ufleba aris fufuneba, romelic mxolod mdidar qveynebs aqvT.<br />
� is, rom adamianebma ar iSimSilon aris ara mTavrobis, aramed Tavad xalxis sazrunavi.<br />
� saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas ar aqvs ufleba migviTiTos rogor movepyroT Cven sakuTar<br />
moqalaqeebs.<br />
� Raribma qveynebma unda uzrunvelyon cxovrebis elementaruli standartebi yvelasaTvis, vidre<br />
daiwyebdnen fiqrs moqalaqeebis politikur da samoqalaqo uflebebze.<br />
� ukiduresi ekonomikuri uTanasworoba aris ZiriTadi uflebebis darRveva.<br />
� socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi gamoxatavs momavlis ideals magram dRes msoflio mzad<br />
araa maT uzrunvelsayofad.<br />
� Tuki uflebebis garantireba ar xerxdeba, maSin maT arsebobas azri ara aqvs.<br />
264 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
samsaxuri da bavSvebi<br />
apirebT samsaxuris dawyebas? maSin ar gaaCinoT Svili!<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
socialuri uflebebi, genderuli Tanasworoba,<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia<br />
done 2<br />
10 -25<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es aris roluri gaTamaSeba, romelic exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs<br />
� samsaxurSi reproduqciuli uflebebi<br />
� qalebis samsaxurebrivi diskriminacia<br />
qalis ufleba reproduqciuli arCevanis gakeTebisaTvis<br />
� samsaxuridan orsulobis, sadekreto<br />
Svebulebis da qorwinebis statusis safuZvleze<br />
ganTavisuflebisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
Tanabari samuSao SesaZleblobebis da anazRaurebis ufleba<br />
qalebis reproduqciuli uflebebis Sesaxeb warmodgenis Seqmna<br />
� monawileebisaTvis SesaZleblobis micema<br />
igrZnon ras niSnavs iyo diskriminirebuli<br />
� Tanasworobis, samarTlianobis da<br />
pasuxismgeblobis ganviTareba<br />
didi zomis furceli, dafis furceli an dafa<br />
� sivrce mcire jgufebis muSaobisa da roluri<br />
gaTamaSebisaTvis<br />
� dekoracia rolebis SesrulebisaTvis, magida da<br />
skamebi, pasta da furceli<br />
gaakeTeT scenaris asli dafaze, didi zomis furcelze an<br />
dafis furcelze<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo moicavs rolur gaTamaSebas qalebis<br />
reproduqciuli uflebebis Sesaxeb samsaxurTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
ifiqreT qalebis reproduqciuli uflebebis Temaze, raTa<br />
monawileebma gaiazron sakiTxis arsi.<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi mcire jgufebad (maqsimum 5 wevri)<br />
3. waikiTxeT Semdegi ZiriTadi scenari roluri gaTamaSebisaTvis:<br />
”maria TiTqmis erTi welia umuSevaria da mondomebiT eZebs<br />
samsaxurs. 10 dRis win man gaira gasaubreba misi ocnebis<br />
samsaxurSi miRebasTan dakavSirebiT – es zustad is iyo rasac<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
265<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
diskriminacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
10-25<br />
90 wuTi
eZebda! yvelaferi kargad midioda da mas SesTavazes muSaobis<br />
dawyeba. kompaniam sTxova Sexvedroda kadrebis ganyofilebis<br />
TanamSromels b-n vladstoks kontraqtis gasaformeblad”.<br />
4. man intervius dros ukve gaarkvia Tavis yvela movaleoba,<br />
pasuxismgebloba da sxva samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. is is<br />
iyo kontraqtze xeli unda moewera, rodesac b-nma vladstokma<br />
ganacxada kontraqtis erT-erTi piroba: mas werilobiTi xelwera<br />
unda mieca, rom momavali 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi Svils ar gaaCenda”.<br />
5. mieciT mcire jgufebs 20 wuTi am istoriis dasasrulis<br />
mofiqrebisa da gaTamaSebisaTvis. scena unda daiwyos mariasa da b-n<br />
vladstoks Soris SexvedriT da ar unda gagrZeldes 5 wuTze mets.<br />
6. moiwvieT TiToeuli mcire jgufi TavianTi dadgmis warmosadgenad.<br />
komentarebi SemoinaxeT analizisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT TiToeuli mcire jgufis komentarebis mosmenis raundiT maT<br />
mier dadgmuli warmodgenebis Sesaxeb da aseve moismineT sxvebis<br />
Sefasebebi. Semdeg isaubreT Sedegebze da imsjeleT, ra unda gakeTdes aseTi<br />
saxis diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg.<br />
� gaakvirva vinme am situaciam? xdeba msgavsi SemTxvevebi Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi?<br />
� rogor mividnen jgufebi situaciis momavali ganviTarebis Sesaxeb<br />
gadawyvetilebamde?<br />
� iyo dasasrulis SemoTavazebuli variantebi realisturi? ra iyo<br />
marias mier situaciis flobis Zlieri da susti mxareebi? aseT<br />
situaciebSi ramdenad rTulia iyo damajerebeli da ara agresiuli<br />
an morCili?<br />
� Tqven qveyanaSi ra samsaxurebrivi uflebebi aqvT qalebs orsulobis<br />
periodSi?<br />
� ratom unda kompanias aseTi piroba moaxvios Tavs marias? aris es<br />
samarTliani? ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� iyo adamianis romelime ufleba darRveuli? Tu ki romeli?<br />
� maria rom kaci yofiliyo moxdeboda Tu ara igive? ratom? ratom<br />
ara?<br />
� ra gansxvavebaa am sakiTxisadmi mamakacebisa da qalebis midgomaSi?<br />
� rogor fiqrobT ra unda gakeTdes qalebis reproduqciuli uflebis<br />
dasacavad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
jgufidan gamomdinare SesaZloa moisurvoT misi mcire Sereuli an<br />
mxolod erTi sqesis (e.i. mxolod qalebisagan an kacebisagan)<br />
monawileebisagan Semdgar jgufebad dayofa. mxolod erTi sqesis<br />
monawileebisagan Semdgari jgufis arCeva xSirad iwvevs ufro<br />
provokaciul dasaruls da ufro nayofier diskusias. monawileebi SesaZloa<br />
ar icnobdnen termins “reproduqciuli uflebebi” da SesaZloa dasWirdeT<br />
Tqveni daxmareba sruli warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad. ecadeT alaparakoT<br />
monawileebi Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
266 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� sasurveli da sasiamovno seqsualuri urTierToba infeqciis an<br />
raime daavadebis gadadebis SiSis gareSe.<br />
� Svilis gaCenis arCevani<br />
� ojaxis dagegmvis samsaxuris daxmareba, romelic moicavs abortis<br />
SesaZleblobas qalebisadmi pativscemisa da gulTbili<br />
damokidebulebis SenarCunebiT da konfidencialurobis garantiiT.<br />
� seqsis Sesaxeb ganaTleba<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom analizis nawilSi dasmuli SekiTxva _ dairRva Tu ara<br />
adamianis uflebebi _ gamoiwvevs azrTa sxvadasxvaobas abortisa da qalebis<br />
arCevanis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi, gansakuTrebiT es exeba aborts, romelic<br />
winaaRmdegobaSi modis nayofis sicocxlis uflebasTan. es Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovani Temaa da gansakuTrebul kavSirSia adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sferoSi ganaTlebasTan, radganac is moiTxovs monawileebisagan<br />
gaxsnilobas, stereotipebis da prekoncefciebis ukugdebas da kritikuli<br />
azrovnebis unarCvevebis gamoyenebas. es adamianis uflebaTa Sinagani<br />
sirTulis Zalian kargi ilustraciaa. Tuki es sakiTxi wamoiWreba SeiZleba<br />
ifiqroT mis calke ganxilvaze sxva dros.<br />
variantebi<br />
monawileebis mcire jgufebad dayofis nacvlad SesaZloa airCioT 2<br />
moxalise mariasa da b-ni vladstokis rolebisaTvis, xolo danarCenebi<br />
datovoT damkvirveblebad. Semdeg SeigiZliaT drodadro SewyvitoT<br />
prezentacia da sTxovoT damkvirveblebs komentari gaakeTon da gamoicnon<br />
rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi. alternatiuli varianti aris<br />
damkvirveblebis da rolebis Semsruleblebis mier adgilebis gacvla,<br />
movlenebis sxva kuTxiT warmoCena da Sesabamisad maTi ganviTarebis kursis<br />
Secvla. rolebis Sesrulebis meTodebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi<br />
informaciisaTvis ix. gv. 55, nawili I.<br />
ratomac ar unda daumatoT sxva personaJebi? dasaSvebia es iyos marias<br />
qmari, romelic SeiZleba iyos profkavSirebis warmomadgeneli, da scenarma<br />
SeiZleba gadainacvlos kadrebis ganyofilebis farglebs gareT.<br />
Tavisuflad igrZeniT Tavi personaJebis saxelebis SecvlaSi Tqven<br />
qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli saxelebiT.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufma SesaZloa gamoikvlios Tqvens qveyanaSi reproduqciuli<br />
uflebebis dacvis sakiTxi. amis Semdeg SeuZliaT gaesaubron rogorc qalebs<br />
aseve maT damsaqmeblebs imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor muSaobs kanonmdebloba<br />
praqtikaSi. aseve SeuZliaT am sferoSi evropuli kanonis gavlenis Seswavla<br />
maT erovnul kanonmdeblobaze da maT qveyanaSi arsebuli sqesobrivi<br />
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb msjeloba. moicavs is reproduqciuli uflebebis yvela<br />
aspeqts?<br />
Tu gsurT samsaxureobrivi diskriminaciis sxva tipebis ganxilva<br />
SegiZliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo „gansxvavebuli xelfasebi“ (gv. 136).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
15 maisi<br />
ojaxebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
267
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
wamoWeriT reproduqciuli uflebebis sakiTxebi skolis an asociaciis<br />
sabWoSi.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
konvenciis _ `nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis aRmofxvra<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg~ _ rolis Sesaxeb<br />
samoqalaqo sakiTxebis garda konvencia aseve did yuradRebas uTmobs<br />
qalebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan safiqrals, kerZod maT reproduqciul<br />
uflebebs. preambula amzadebs niadags Semdegi gancxadebiT: „qalebis roli<br />
STamomavlobis gagrZelebaSi ar unda gaxdes diskriminaciis safuZveli“.<br />
kavSiri diskriminaciasa da qalebis reproduqciul rols Soris aris<br />
konvenciis mudmivi zrunvis sagani. mag. me-5 muxlSi is icavs „dedobis,<br />
rogorc socialuri funqciis adeqvatur gagebas“ da moiTxovs srul<br />
pasuxismgeblobas baSvebis aRzrdaze orive sqesis mSoblebis mier.<br />
Sesabamisad, dedobis dacva da zrunva bavSvebis aRzrdaze aRiarebulia<br />
ZiriTad uflebebad da Setanilia konvenciis yvela nawilSi, romelic exeba<br />
dasaqmebas, ojaxis Sesaxeb kanons, jandacvas an ganaTlebas. sazogadoebis<br />
pasuxismgebloba vrceldeba socialuri servisebis uzrunveyofaze,<br />
gansakuTrebiT sabavSo dawesebulebebSi rac saSualebas aZlevs ojaxis<br />
wevrebs SeuTavson ojaxuri movaleobebi samsaxurs da sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi monawileobas. dedobis dasacavad rekomendirebulia specialuri<br />
zomebis miReba da „romelic ar iTvleba diskriminaciulad“ (muxli 4).<br />
„konvencia aseve akanonebs qalebis reproduqciuli arCevanis uflebebs.<br />
ufro zustad es aris adamianis uflebebis erTaderTi punqti, romelic<br />
exeba ojaxis dagegmvas. is acxadebs, rom mxareebi valdebuli arian CarTon<br />
ojaxis dagegmarebis Sesaxeb informacia saganmanaTleblo procesSi (muxli<br />
10, T) da SeimuSaon saojaxo kodeqsi, romelic uzrunveyofs qalebis<br />
uflebas „Tavisuflad miiRon gadawyvetileba Svilebis saurveli<br />
raodenobis da gansazRvron maT dabadebas Soris intervalebi, maTTvis<br />
xelmisawvdomi iyos informacia, ganaTleba da saSualebebi, romlebic maT<br />
daexmareba am uflebebis realizebaSi“ (muxli 16, e).<br />
268 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
saSinao saqmeebi<br />
„(...) policia yovelTvis gvian modis, Tu saerTod modis“<br />
treisi Capmeni<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba, mSvidoba da Zaladoba,<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
done 3<br />
6 – 30<br />
120 wuTi<br />
savarjiSo eZRvneba saojaxo Zaladobas, rogorc Zaladobis<br />
yvelaze gavrcelebul da yvelaze naklebad gaxmaurebul<br />
formas.<br />
Zaladobisagan, wamebisagan da damamcirebeli mopyrobisagan<br />
dacvis ufleba<br />
� Tanasworobisa da diskriminaciisagan dacvis<br />
ufleba<br />
� kanonis mier Tanabari daculobis ufleba (an<br />
sasamarTloebSi samarTliani mopyrobis ufleba)<br />
yuradRebis gamaxvileba saojaxo Zaladobaze da qalebis<br />
uflebebis darRvevaze<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis analizisa da<br />
msjelobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� TanagrZnobisa da TviTdajerebulobis gaCena<br />
saojaxo Zaladobis winaaRmdeg gamosvlisaTvis.<br />
didi zomis furclebi an dafa da pastebi an markerebi<br />
fiqrisa da jgufebis muSaobisaTvis.<br />
� airCieT qvemoT moyvanili erTi an ramdenime<br />
„danaSaulis mowmis Cveneba“ an dawereT Tavad.<br />
gaakeTeT sakmarisi aslebi yvela monawilisaTvis.<br />
� `saxelmZRvanelo jgufuri diskusiis<br />
CatarebisaTvis~ aslebi (erTi TiToeuli mcire<br />
jgufisaTvis).<br />
SeagroveT informacia arsebuli centrebis da organizaciebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebic aqtiurad uWeren mxars saojaxo Zaladobis<br />
msxverplT da gaarkvieT ra ZiriTadi problemebia am sferoSi<br />
Tqven sazogadoebaSi an regionSi.<br />
� yuradRebiT ganixileT sakiTxebi, romelbzec<br />
gsurT muSaoba monawileebis piradi gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
1. moamzadeT jgufi savarjiSosaTvis – sTxoveT maT ifiqron Temaze<br />
„Zaladobis yvelaze garcelebuli formebi Cvens regionSi”.<br />
CaiwereT yvelaferi, rasac monawileebi ityvian magram am etapze<br />
araferze imsjeloT. dafa moaTavseT iseT adgilas, rom yvela<br />
kargad dainaxos. ”(10 wuTi)<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
269<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
6-30<br />
120 wuTi
2. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon 2-6 wevrian jgufebad. unda iyos sul<br />
mcire 3 jgufi.<br />
3. daarigeT ”danaSaulis mowmis Cvenebis” aslebi. sul 3 gansxvavebuli<br />
baraTi/SemTxvevaa, magram erTidaigive SemTxveva SeiZleba mieces<br />
erTze met jgufs. aseve daarigeT `saxelmZRvanelo jgufuri<br />
diskusiis CatarebisaTvis~ aslebi.<br />
4. mieciT monawileebs 5 wuTi Cvenebebis wasakiTxad. xazi gausviT, rom<br />
maTi msjeloba unda emyarebodes konkretul SemTxvevebs.<br />
monawileebs unda esmodeT, rom am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb msjeloba<br />
SeiZleba iyos Zalian piradi da aravin ar unda igrZnos raime<br />
zewola raTa Tqvas imaze meti vidre es Tavad surs.<br />
5. mieciT monawileebs 1 saaTi jgufuri samuSaosaTvis.<br />
6. dasasruls, SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze da gadadiT analizze da<br />
Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mokle mimoxilviT rogor warimarTa jgufis muSaoba. ramdenad<br />
realisturi iyo danaSaulis mowmeTa Cvenebebi da ramdenad cxovrebiseuli<br />
iyo savarjiSoSi moyvanili situaciebi? Tu sxvadasxva jgufebi muSaobdnen<br />
sxvadasxva SemTxvevebze mieciT maT saSualeba gaanalizon sxvadasxva<br />
danaSaulebi. Semdeg gadaitaneT saubari socialuri realobis sferoSi.<br />
� ramdenad gavrcelebulia saojaxo Zaladoba Tqven sazogadoebaSi da<br />
Tqven qveyanaSi zogadad?<br />
� adamianis romeli uflebebi irRveva am SemTxvevaSi?<br />
� ra aris saojaxo Zaladobis mizezebi?<br />
� ratom aris, rom ufro xSiria kacebis Zaladobis SemTxvevebi<br />
qalebis mimarT vidre piriqiT?<br />
� rogor SeiZleba bolo moeRos saojaxo Zaladobas? ra unda<br />
/SeiZleba gakeTon:<br />
� sazogadoebrivma organoebma?<br />
� adgilobrivma sazogadoebriobam?<br />
� xalxma?<br />
� megobrebma da mezoblebma?<br />
� SeadareT Sedegebi da diskusiis dros wamoWrili sakiTxebi<br />
savarjiSos sawyis etapze Sedgenil sias. iyo saojaxo Zaladoba<br />
Setanili siaSi? Tu ara ratom?<br />
� qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis kidev ra formebi dafiqsirda<br />
diskusiis dros? daamateT isini sias.<br />
ikiTxeT, unda Tu ara vinmes am sakiTxebze damatebiT muSaoba da<br />
gaarkvieT, rogor surT maT muSaobis gagrZeleba an qmedebis ganxorcieleba.<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
gaxsovdeT, gansaxilveli sakiTxebis delikaturobis da anonimurobis<br />
uflebis Sesaxeb (zogierT monawiles SesaZloa hqondes saojaxo Zaladobis<br />
piradi gamocdileba). garkveviT axseniT, rom aravin ar unda igrZnos<br />
zewola, raTa Tqvas imaze meti vidre surs. Tavisuflad SecvaleT<br />
savarjiSo jgufis Semadgenlobis mixedviT.<br />
270 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
am savarjiSos ewodeba “saSinao saqmeebi”, radganac qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
Zaladobis aqtebis umravlesoba xdeba saxlSi an partiorebs Soris.<br />
saojaxo Zaladobis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma aris fizikuri<br />
Zaladoba swored amitom iyo ”danaSaulis mowmeTa Cvenebebi” SerCeuli.<br />
yvela SemTxveva dafuZnebulia realur ambavze, romelic SeemTxvaT realur<br />
msxverplT realuri danaSaulis psocesSi. SesaZloa moisurvoT zogierTi<br />
detalis Secvla an zogierTi konkretuli SemTxvevis Canacvleba raTa<br />
savarjiSo ufro aqtualuri gaxadoT Tqveni jufisa da monawileebis<br />
problemebisaTvis.<br />
monawileebis azri gansxvavebuli iqneba Zaladobis aqtis maTeul<br />
aRqmasTan dakavSirebiT. qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb<br />
deklaracia, romelic gaeros generalurma asambleam 1993 wels miiRo<br />
ganmartavs qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobas rogorc ”genderuli Zaladobis<br />
nebismier aqts, romelic iwvevs an SesaZloa gamoiwvios fizikuri,<br />
seqsualuri, fsiqologiuri ziani an tanjva qalSi, an amgvari aqtebiT<br />
muqaras, Zaldatanebas an Tavisuflebis SezRudvas sazogadoebriv an pirad<br />
cxovrebaSi.” es termini moicavs magram ar Semoifargleba ”fizikuri,<br />
seqsualuri, da fsiqologiuri ZaladobiT, romelsac adgili aqvs ojaxSi<br />
cemis, ojaxSi mdedrobiTi sqesis bavSvebis mimarT seqsualuri Zaladobis,<br />
mziTvTan dakavSirebuli Zaladobis, col-qmruli gaupatiurebis, qalis<br />
genitaliis dazianebis da sxva qalebisaTvis mtkivneuli tradiciuli<br />
praqtikebis CaTvliT; aseve ara col-qmruli Zaladoba da eqsploataciasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli Zaladoba; fizikuri, seqsualuri da fsiqologiuri<br />
Zaladoba, romelsac adgili aqvs farTo sazogadoebaSi gaupatiurebis,<br />
seqsualuri Zaladobis, seqsualuri Seuracyofis da samsaxurSi,<br />
saganmanaTleblo institutSi an nebismier sxva adgilas daSinebis CaTvliT;<br />
trefikingi qalebSi an ZaldatanebiTi prostitucia, da saxelmwifos mier<br />
Cadenili an daSvebuli fizikuri, seqsualuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladoba,<br />
sadac ar unda xdebodes is”.<br />
Tu giZneldebaT adgilobrivi centrebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba<br />
ix. centrebis monacemTa baza Zaladobis winaaRmdeg evropis sainformacio<br />
centris vebgverdze: www.wave-network.org<br />
mamakac monawileebs SesaZloa mkveTri reaqcia hqondeT savarjiSoze an<br />
romelime diskusiaze. mniSvnelovania gaxsovdeT, rom savarjiSos mizani ar<br />
aris mamakacebma an biWebma damnaSaved igrZnon Tavi imisaTvis rac sxva<br />
mamakacebma Caidines. magram mniSvnelovania aRiareba an msjeloba, rom<br />
mamakacebi arian patriarqaluri CagvriTi sistemis nawili da amdenad<br />
garkveul rols asruleben masSi. am konteqstSi aseve sainteresoa qalebis<br />
winaaRmdeg pirdapiri an arapirdapiri Zaladobis Sedegebis ganxilva.<br />
SeasaZloa moisurvoT gakveTilis dasruleba wuTieri dumiliT saojaxo<br />
Zaladobis msxverplTa xsovnis pativsacemad. es STambeWdavi gzaa<br />
savarjiSos dasrulebisaTvis da TanagrZnobisa da solidarobis grZnobis<br />
gaCenisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
25 noemberi<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
Cadenili Zaladobis<br />
likvidaciis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
271
variantebi<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis mravali forma arsebobs. (ix. qvemoT<br />
”damatebiTi informaciis nawilSi). SegiZliaT Tavadve moigonoT SemTxvevebi<br />
am sakiTxis sxva aspeqtebis ganxilvisaTvis.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufs SeuZlia daukavSirdes adgilobriv policias da gaarkvios<br />
rogor iqcevian isini rodesac zari Semodis saojaxo ZaladobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. kidev erTi SesaZlebloba aris uaxloes qalTa daxmarebis<br />
centrTan an organizaciasTan dakavSireba da maTi warmomadgenlis mowveva<br />
adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi momxdar faqtebsa da cifrebze sasaubrod.<br />
kidev erTi TiTqmis tabudadebuli Tema bevr qveyanaSi aris seqsualoba<br />
da gansakuTrebiT ki homoseqsualoba. Tu jgufs am sakiTxebis ganxilvis<br />
survili aqvs SeuZliaT gadaxedon savarjiSos ”visaubroT seqsze” (gv. 184).<br />
qmedebaze gadasvla<br />
daukavSirdiT adgilobriv qalTa TavSesafars, sainformacio centrs an<br />
organizacias, romelic muSaobs qalebis uflebebze da gaarkvieT ra<br />
problemebi aqvT maT da rogor SegiZliaT daexmaroT.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
universaluri gamowveva adamianis uflebebisaTvis<br />
qalebis da axalgazrda qalebis uflebebi adamianis uflebebis<br />
ganuyofeli da integraluri nawilia. miuxedavad amisa es ar niSnavs, rom<br />
isini raime TvalsazrisiT wminda an avtomaturad garantirebulia. piriqiT,<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladoba aris uzarmazari masStabis problema. kerZod<br />
ki axalgazrda<br />
qalebis uflebebis darRvevis ufro didi safrTxe arsebobs vidre<br />
mamakacebisa. ”qalebisa da gogonebis winaaRmdeg Zaladoba aris<br />
janmrTelobisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis udidesi problema. sul<br />
cota 5 –idan 1 –s msoflios qalTa mosaxleobidan cxovrebis garkveul<br />
etapze gancdili aqvs mamakacis (ebis) mxridan fizikuri an seqsualuri<br />
Zaladoba. bevri qali orsulebisa da gogonebis CaTvliT aris sastiki<br />
ganmeorebiTi Tavdasxmebis obieqti.<br />
msoflios masStabiT gamoTvlilia, rom qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladoba<br />
aris sikvdilianobis da reproduqciuli asakis qalebs Soris<br />
sikvdilianobis iseTive gavrcelebuli mizezi rogoricaa kibo, da<br />
janmrTelobis gauaresebis ufro didi mizezi vidre sagzao avariebi da<br />
malaria erTad aRebuli. axalgazrda qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis<br />
problema globaluria da ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi, amis naTeli magaliTia<br />
trefikingi. ”msoflioSi ar arsebobs Tundac erTi qveyana sadac qalebis<br />
winaaRmdeg Zaladobas adgili ara aqvs”. ar arsebobs sfero arcerTi qalis<br />
cxovrebaSi, romleSic is ar mdgara muqaris an Zaladobis realuri aqtebis<br />
pirispir. qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobas ar gaaCnia geografiuli sazRvrebi,<br />
asakobrivi SezRudva, klasobrivi maxasiaTeblebi, rasa, kulturuli<br />
Taviseburebebi da vlindeba sxvadasxva formebiT”.<br />
272 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladoba aseve aris mkveTrad politikuri<br />
problema, radganac seriozul dabrkolebas warmoadgens qalebsa da<br />
mamakacebs Soris TanasworobisaTvis da amkvidrebs uTanasworobas 3 . is aseve<br />
mkveTrad politikuria im TvalsazrisiTac, rom udides problemas uqmnis<br />
demokratias ramdenadac rogorc es evrosabWos rezoluciaSia<br />
dafiqsirebuli ”uTanasworoba da disbalansi qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ar Seesabameba WeSmariti demokratiis<br />
principebs” 4 .<br />
Zaladoba sicocxlis sxvadasxva etapebze<br />
Zaladoba qalebis winaaRmdeg sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
faza Zaladobis tipi<br />
dabadebis wina periodi seqs-seleqtiuri aborti; bavSvis dabadebaze orsulobis periodSi cemis<br />
Sedegebi<br />
adreuli asaki mdedrobiTi sqesis bavSvebis mokvla, fizikuri, seqsualuri da<br />
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba;<br />
bavSvoba bavSvebis qorwineba; qalis genitaliis dazianeba, fizikuri, seqsualuri da<br />
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, incesti; bavSvTa prostitucia da<br />
pornografia<br />
mozrdiloba da zrdasrulobis Zaladoba paemanze (mag. mJavas Sesxma da paemanis dros gaupatiureba),<br />
periodi seqsi ekonomikuri wnexis qveS (mag. skolis moswavle gogonebis seqsi<br />
„magar biZebTan“ swavlis safasuris gadaxdis sanacvlod); incesti,<br />
seqsualuri Zaladoba samsaxurSi; gaupatiureba; seqsualuri Zaladoba;<br />
ZaldatanebiTi prostitucia da pornografia; trefikingi qalebiT;<br />
partnioruli Zaladoba; col-qmruli gaupatiureba; mziTvTan<br />
dakavSirebuli Zaladoba da mkvleloba; partnioruli mkvleloba;<br />
fsiqologiuri Zaladoba; invalidi qalebis mimarT sastiki mopyroba;<br />
ZaldatanebiTi orsuloba<br />
qvrivebis ZaldatanebiTi suicidi an mkvleloba ekonomikuri mizezebis<br />
moxucebuloba gamo, seqsualuri, fizikuri da fsiqologiuri Zaladoba.<br />
informaciis wyaro: qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis sainformacio paketi – msoflios jandacvis organizacia, 1997<br />
zogierTi cifri problemis masStabis asaxvisaTvis<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobis, gansakuTrebiT ki saojaxo Zaladobis<br />
amsaxveli cifrebi SeiZleba ganmacvifrebeli iyos am problemis masStaburi<br />
da sayovelTao xasiaTidan, aseve misi moCvenebiTi SeumCnevlobidan<br />
gamomdinare. evropaSi yoveldRiurad 5-dan 1 qalia Zaladobis msxverpli.<br />
evropaSi yovelwliurad ufro meti qali iRupeba an seriozulad ziandeba<br />
saojaxo Zaladobis Sedegad vidre kibos an sagzao SemTxvevebis Sedegad 5 .<br />
yovel wels 14, 500 rusi qali iRupeba saojaxo Zaladobis Sedegad 6 .<br />
1999 wels evropis qalTa lobis mier saojaxo Zaladobis Sesaxeb<br />
Catarebulma gamokvlevam cxadyo, rom evrokavSirSi 4-dan 1 qali ganicdis<br />
Zaladobas raime formiT partnioris mxridan. Zaladobis yvela aqtis 95%-s<br />
adgili aqvs ojaxSi. fineTSi Catarebulma kvlevam (1998) aCvena rom<br />
zrdasruli qalebis 52% iyo Zaladobis an fizikuri an seqsualuri<br />
muqaris msxverpli 15 wlidan da rom 20% bolo wlis ganmavlobaSi moxda.<br />
portugaliaSi Catarebulma gamokvlevam (1997) gamoaaSkarava, rom didi<br />
qalaqebis gareubnebSi mcxovrebi qalebis 53.3%, qalaqSi mcxovrebi qalebis<br />
55.4% da sofelSi mcxovrebi qalebis 37.9% iyo Zaladobis msxverpli.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
273
damatebiTi<br />
wyaroebi<br />
internetSi:<br />
qalebi Zaladobis<br />
winaaRmdeg evropaSi qselis<br />
vebgverdi:<br />
www.wave-network.org<br />
evropuli qalTa lobi:<br />
www.womenlobby.org<br />
sadac aseve SegiZliaT<br />
SeukveToT moxseneba<br />
”dafaruli monacemebis<br />
gamoaSkaraveba saojaxo<br />
Zaladobis Sesaxeb<br />
evrokavSirSi”<br />
kampania `TeTri lenti~ _<br />
”kacebis udidesi<br />
Zalisxmeva wertili<br />
daesvas kacebis Zaladobas<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg”.<br />
www.whiteribbon.ca<br />
evropro-fem, evropis pro<br />
feministuri kacebis qseli<br />
aris mamakacebis mier<br />
daarsebuli organizaciebis<br />
da proeqtebis qseli,<br />
romelic exeba mamakacebis<br />
dominirebas, Zaladobas da<br />
Cagvras qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
www.europefem.org<br />
bevri statistikuri<br />
monacemi aRebulia ingrid<br />
rambergis moxsenebidan<br />
”Zaladoba axalgazrda<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
evropaSi”. evrosabWo, 2001<br />
– ix. vebgverdze<br />
www.coe.int/hre.<br />
Zaladobis aqtebis 43% moxda ojaxSi. belgiaSi Catarebulma kvlevam<br />
(1998) ki aCvena rom qalebis 68% fizikuri da seqsualuri Zaladobis<br />
msxverpli iyo.<br />
saojaxo Zaladoba<br />
qalebis uflebebis darRveva ar xdeba mxolod omis dros. es pirvel<br />
rigSi xdeba saxlSi. „swored Zaladobis piraduli xasiaTi xdis Carevas da<br />
qmedebas ase rTuls“. 8<br />
kvlevebi mudmivad adasturebs, rom qalebi ufro metad xdebian<br />
dazianebis, gaupatiurebis, an mkvlelobis msxverpli axlandeli an yofili<br />
partniorebis mxridan vidre nebismieri sxva pirovneba 9 . saojaxo Zaladoba<br />
gavlenas axdens ara mxolod qalze, aramed bavSvebzec, gansakuTrebiT<br />
maRali SemTxvevebia gogonebSi da axalgazrda qalebSi.<br />
utyvi mowmeebis gamofena<br />
es savarjiSo inspirirebuli iyo saojaxo Zaladobis TemisaTvis<br />
miZRvnili gamofeniT da qalebis mkvlelobiT, romelic ganixileboda<br />
evropis axalgazrdul centrSi budapeStSi NANE-s qalTa uflebebis<br />
asociaciis mier (budapeSti, ungreTi) maT Soris iyo esteris da katis<br />
istoriebi. gamofena miznad isaxavda mosaxleobis informirebas saojaxo<br />
Zaladobis masStabebisa da sisastikis da mkvlelobis Sesaxeb, romelzec<br />
mokluli qalebi - „utyvi mowmeebi“ mogviTxrobdnen.<br />
utyvi mowmeebis idea daibada minesotaSi, aSS, amJamad mTeli qveynis<br />
masStabiT aris gavrcelebuli da warmoadgens im moZraobis nawils,<br />
romelic miznad isaxavs saSinao mkvlelobis dasrulebas 2010 wlisaTvis.<br />
utyvi mowmeebis gamofenis mowyoba SeiZleba iyos Zalian praqtikuli da<br />
efeqturi gza Tqvens sazogadoebaSi, qalaqSi an regionSi saojaxo<br />
Zaladobis problemasTan sabrZolvelad. arsebobs wignebi Tu rogor unda<br />
ipovoT mowmeebi da rogor moawyoT gamofena, mag. wigni saxelwodebiT<br />
„Sedegebi“, romelic mogviTxrobs aSS-Si kampaniis pirvel wlebze da<br />
mohyavs mTeli rigi istoriebi, romlebic SeiZleba magaliTad iqnas<br />
gamoyenebuli. misi vegbverdis misamarTia: www.silentwitness.net. is aseve<br />
iZleva im saerTaSoriso organizaciebis vrcel sias, romlebmac ukve<br />
moawyves aseTi gamofenebi.<br />
SeniSvna: katisa da esteris SemTxvevebi moTxrobilia kristin morvais mier wignSi<br />
`terori ojaxSi – colis cema da kanoni~. koSut kiado, budapeSti, 1998.<br />
1 evropis qalTa lobi<br />
2 sainformacio paketi `qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladoba~ – msoflios jandacvis organizacia, 1997 www.who.int<br />
3 faqtebis furceli. “Zaladoba qalebis winaaRmdeg~. aqcia ganxorcielebulia evrosabWos mier. Tanasworobis<br />
ganyofileba mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris, DG II, evrosabWo 2001<br />
4 rezolucia 1216 (2000) moRvaweoba gaeros 4-e saerTaSoriso konferenciis Semdeg qalebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb<br />
(pekini 1995). evrosabWos saparlamento asamblea<br />
5 rekomendacia 1450 (2000) Zaladoba qalebis winaaRmdeg evropaSi. evrosabWos saparlamento asamblea<br />
6 iunisefis moxseneba gardamaval qveynebSi qalebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 1999 w. seqtemberi<br />
7 evropis qalTa lobi<br />
8 saojaxo Zaladobis likvidacia: qmedebebi da zomebi. buqarestis (rumineTi) forumis Sedegebi, 26 -28 noemberi, 1998.<br />
mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris Tanasworobis makoordinebeli komiteti (EG/BUC (99) 1) evrosabWos 2000, gv 13<br />
274 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
mowmis Cvenebis oqmi 1 mowmis Cvenebis oqmi 1<br />
esTeri<br />
1995 wlis noemberSi esteris qmari saxlSi msubuqad<br />
nasvami dabrunda da aRmoaCina, rom esteri da maTi<br />
qaliSvili am dros mezobelTan iyvnen. man ubrZana<br />
orives dauyovnebliv dabrunebuliyvnen saxlSi.<br />
rodesac isini Semovidnen oTaxis kari Caketa da<br />
qaliSvils uTxra: ”salaparako maqvs dedeSenTan“.<br />
aiRo najaxi, cocxi da dana.<br />
daiwyo kamaTi Tavis colTan da Cxubi, rom mas ar<br />
qonda sarecxi darecxili, saWmeli momzadebuli da<br />
sxva saSinao saqmeebi gakeTebuli. mTeli am drois<br />
ganmavlobaSi scemda cols, muStebs urtyamda saxeSi<br />
da TavSi, bRujad aglijavda Tmebs da wixlebs<br />
urtyamda. Semdeg wels zemoT Semoaglija<br />
tansacmeli da sawolze daagdo raTa kidev<br />
gaegrZelebina misi cema.<br />
es yvelaferi moxda maTi 8 wlis gogonas Tvalwin,<br />
romelic evedreboda mamas SeCerebuliyo. is<br />
marTlac gaCerda. gadaagdo esteri sawolidan da<br />
daiZina.<br />
im Rames esteri gardaicvala.<br />
mowmis Cvenebis oqmi 2<br />
kati<br />
kati cdilobda Tavi daeRwia Tavis saqmros, romelic<br />
TandaTan agresiuli xdeboda. man ipova bina sxva<br />
qalaqSi, magram is kvlav agrZelebda katisTvis<br />
rekvas da muqaras. katis mentaluri mdgomareoba<br />
gauaresda.<br />
erT dRes saqmrom miakiTxa samsaxuris Semdeg, raTa<br />
iZulebit daebrunebina ukan. man waiyvana kati<br />
axlomdebare tyeSi sadac cdilobda daexrCo<br />
puloveriT. Semdeg dRes katim uTxra Tavis<br />
kolegebs, rom eSinoda erT dRes saqmro marTlac<br />
daaxrCobda mas.<br />
4 dRis Semdeg saqmrom cota dalia. kvlav miakiTxa<br />
samsaxuris Semdeg katis da rodesac gamovida cema<br />
dauwyo. saRamos gadawyvita rom naTesavebTan unda<br />
wasuliyvnen stumrad. gzad manqana ramdenjerme<br />
gaaCeres. katim roca dainaxa ra dReSic iyo,<br />
daTanxmda seqsze magram is metismetad mTvrali<br />
iyo.<br />
katim uTxra saqmros, rom aRar ainteresebda is.<br />
ramac Zalian gaabraza. moixsna grZeli tyavis<br />
qamari da daaxrCo.<br />
Semdeg gadaaTria gvami ormoSi da xeebis totebiT<br />
gadafara.<br />
Z<br />
z aris qali, romelic Tqven ubanSi cxovrobs; is<br />
gaTxovilia da 2 patara Svili hyavs. zogjer misi<br />
qmari brazdeba da cems mas, umetesad xelebiT da<br />
muStebiT. magram am bolo dros qamris da iatakis<br />
sawmendi joxis gamoyenebazec gadavida. 2 Tvis win<br />
boTli gadaamtvria Tavze. z-s unda wavides<br />
saxlidan, magram qmari emuqreba rom moklavs Tu<br />
„amas gaifiqrebs mainc“. mas 2 patara biWi hyavs da<br />
saSinel SiSs gvris imaze fiqric ki, rom SeiZleba<br />
maTi datoveba mouxdes.<br />
guSin adgilobriv saavadmyofos miakiTxa gatexili<br />
cxviris da Calurjebebis gamo, romlis<br />
mizezadac man kibidan Camovardna daasaxela.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo jgufuri<br />
diskusiisaTvis<br />
I danaSaulis analizi (20 wuTi)<br />
1. ras fiqrobT am konkretul danaSaulze?<br />
2. sad SeiZleboda es danaSauli momxdariyo?<br />
SeiZleboda es yofiliyo Tqveni ubani?<br />
3. ratom moxda danaSauli?<br />
4. arsebobs raime gamarTleba aseTi<br />
danaSaulisaTvis?<br />
5. rogor SeeZlo msxverpls Tavis dacva?<br />
II – socialur realobaSi gadatana (40 wuTi)<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
1. iciT an gsmeniaT raime saojaxo Zaladobis<br />
Sesaxeb am bolo dros?<br />
2. ra formebs iRebs saojaxo Zaladoba Cvens<br />
sazogadoebaSi?<br />
3. ra unda gaakeTos msxverplma Tu mas daxmareba<br />
esaWiroeba?<br />
4. unda Caerios Tu ara policia Tu gaigeben aseTi<br />
Zaladobis Sesaxeb Tu es aris saSinao saqmeebSi<br />
Careva da maT umjobesia “dro miscen Wrilobebis<br />
moSuSebisaTvis”?<br />
5. ra aris qalis Zala aseT SemTxvevebSi? kacis?<br />
6. iciT iseTi saojaxo Zaladobis SemTxvevebi,<br />
rodesac msxverpli mamakacia?<br />
7. rogor unda aRmoifxvras da Sewydes saojaxo<br />
Zaladoba?<br />
8. ra unda/SeiZleba gakeTos:<br />
� saxelmwifo organoebma?<br />
� adgilobrivma organoebma?<br />
� xalxma?<br />
� megobrebma da mezoblebma?<br />
275
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
adamianis zog. uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
90 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
saxarjo fuli<br />
omis dros bombebs puri jobia<br />
adamianis pirovnuli usafrTxoeba, mSvidoba da<br />
Zaladoba, adamianis zogadi uflebebi.<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
90 wuTi<br />
am savarjiSoSi mcire jgufebi iyeneben saxarjo<br />
baraTebs ojaxis biujetis ganxilvis da Sedgenis<br />
mizniT. ganxiluli sakiTxebi moicavs:<br />
� zRvari „survilebsa“ da „saWiroebebs“ Soris<br />
� saxelmwifo xarjebi da militarizacia<br />
� SesaZleblobebi romlebic `mSvidobis<br />
dividendebidan~ SeiZleba gamoinaxos<br />
socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi rogoricaa janmrTeloba,<br />
kveba da ganaTleba.<br />
� janmrTel da sufTa garemoSi cxovrebis<br />
ufleba.<br />
� pirovnuli usafrTxoebis ufleba<br />
pirad da ojaxis moTxovnilebebze saubari, da prioritetebis<br />
mixedviT maTi gansazRvra<br />
� demokratiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganviTareba<br />
� samarTlianobisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis<br />
damkvidreba<br />
„saxarjo baraTis“ aslebi (erTi kompleqti TiTo<br />
jgufisaTvis)<br />
� konvertebi erTi TiTo jgufisaTvis<br />
� makrateli<br />
� dasawepebeli lenti an webo kedlis cxrilebze<br />
baraTebis misakravad (erTi TiTo jgufisaTvis)<br />
� didi zomis furclebi (A3) an dafa kedlis<br />
cxrilebis gasakeTeblad (erTi furceli TiTo<br />
jgufisaTvis)<br />
mSoblis roluri baraTis 1 asli<br />
cxrili 3 –is asli<br />
gaakeTeT saxarjo siis asli. daWeriT isini „saxarjo<br />
baraTebad“ da CaawyveT konvertebSi. TiToeuli jgufisTvis<br />
dagWirdebaT baraTebis erTi kompleqti.<br />
� gaakeTeT msoflio SeiaraRebaze danaxarjebis<br />
cxrilis da misi alternatiuli variantis aslebi<br />
421 gv-ze (Tavi 5) didi zomis furcelze an<br />
ekranze, an gaakeTeT TiTo asli yvela<br />
monawilisaTvis.<br />
� moawyveT oTaxi ise, rom monawileebs SeeZloT<br />
mcire jgufebSi muSaoba.<br />
276 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
instruqciebi:<br />
savarjiSos dawyebamde SeumCnevlad airCieT erTi monawile,<br />
romelic Seasrulebs „gansakuTrebuli mSoblis“ rols erTerT<br />
ojaxSi. uTxariT mas Seinaxos es „saidumlod“ da<br />
mieciT „mSoblis baraTi-rolis“ asli. erT jgufSi/ojaxSi<br />
unda iyos mxolod erTi „gansakuTrebuli mSobeli“ jgufis<br />
wevrebis raodenobis miuxedavad.<br />
� gaakeTeT ekranze gamosaxuli monacemTa<br />
cxrilebis aslebi an slaidebi, romlis gamoyenebac<br />
SeiZleba moisurvoT.<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom monawileebma unda imuSaon mcire jgufebSi,<br />
romlebic sxvadasxva ojaxebs warmoadgenen. TiToeuli ojaxis<br />
mizani aris momavali TvisaTvis maTi xarjebis biujetis Sedgena.<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi mcire jgufebad (sasurvelia TiToeul jgufSi<br />
iyos ara umetes 5 wevrisa). yoveli jgufSi unda iyos mama, deda<br />
da bavSvi(ebi). sTxoveT monawileebs SeTanxmdnen vin ra rols<br />
Seasrulebs da Semdeg erTad moifiqron ojaxis gvari.<br />
3. yvela jgufs mieciT TiTo konverti, romelic Seicavs saxarjo<br />
baraTs da erTi didi zomis furceli<br />
4. ganmarteT, rom saxarjo baraTebze warmodgenilia is punqtebi,<br />
romlebic ganxilul unda iqnas momavali Tvis biujetis Sedgenis<br />
dros. ganxiluli unda iqnas mxolod es punqtebi. maTi fasi<br />
miTiTebulia yvela baraTze da Secvla ar SeiZleba.<br />
5. maTi biujeti aris 10 000 (aTi aTasi) ase rom TiToeul ojaxs<br />
mouxdeba airCios ra unda Seitanon da gamoricxon biujetidan<br />
6. ganmarteT, rom biujeti sasurvelia SeTanxmebuli iqnas<br />
demokratiuli konsultaciebis gziT da rom maT unda miamagron<br />
arCeuli saxarjo baraTebi didi zomis furclebze raTa sabolood<br />
Seiqmnas kedlis cxrili.<br />
7. jgufebs 20 wuTi aqvT gadawyvetilebis misaRebad da TavianTi<br />
kedlis cxrilebis mosamzadeblad.<br />
8. mieciT monawileebs 10 wuTi sxvadasxva biujetebis<br />
daTvalierebisaTvis da mofiqrebisaTvis Tu romeli ojaxis<br />
biujetia yvelaze misaRebi da romlis yvelaze naklebad misaRebi.<br />
9. SeikribeT plenarul sxdomaze da daiwyeT gaanalizeba.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs rig-rigobiT gaakeTon komenatarebi<br />
savarjiSos Sesaxeb. Semdeg gamoiyeneT Semdegi SekiTxvebi diskusiis<br />
gagrZelebisaTvis:<br />
� rogor miiRes ojaxebma gadawyvetileba biujetTan dakavSirebiT?<br />
iyo es demokratiuli?<br />
� ra kriteriumebs safuZvelze iRebdnen gadawyvetilebebs?<br />
� rogor SeuTanxmes Cacmis, sakvebis da sacxovreblis moTxovnilebebi<br />
usafroTxoebis moTxovnilebas da dasvenebis survils? romel<br />
socialur da ekonomikur faqtorebs iRebdnen mxedvelobaSi?<br />
� ra socialuri da ekonomikuri faqtorebi iyo mniSvnelovani?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
277
� rogori SegrZneba hqondaT monawileebs rodesac punqti, romelic<br />
maT mniSvnelovnad miaCndaT danarCenebis mier gamoiricxa<br />
biujetidan?<br />
� romeli biujeti iyo yvelaze misaRebi da romeli yvelaze naklebad<br />
misaRebi? ratom?<br />
� arsebobs paralelebi ojaxis biujetsa da msoflios<br />
saxelmwifoebis biujetebs Soris? SeiZleba maTi Sedareba?<br />
� romeli sia aris yvelaze axlos saxelmwifos biujetTan?<br />
� idealur SemTxvevaSi romeli siebi asaxavs saxelmwifo biujets?<br />
axla aCveneT jgufs cxrili “msoflios militarizaciis xarjebi da<br />
misi alternativa”.<br />
� ras fiqroben monawileebi realuri sruli biujetis Sesaxeb<br />
romelic gaTvlilia samxedro mowyobilobebze, SeiaraRebaze, da<br />
sxva samxedro mimarTulebebze?<br />
� ratom xarjaven saxelmwifoebi mTel msoflioSi amdens<br />
SeiaraRebaze?<br />
� aris es xarjebi gamarTlebuli? amis safuZvelze gaxda msoflio<br />
ufro usafrTxo da mSvidobiani adgili?<br />
� ra gavlena aqvs biujetis aseT ganawilebas xalxis socialuri da<br />
ekonomikur uflebebze? garemoze?<br />
� rogor SegviZlia situaciis Secvla? smenia vinmes raime “samxedro<br />
konversiaze” an “demilitarizaciis fondze?” Tu ara rogor<br />
fiqrobT ratom aris aseTi mwiri informacia axal ambebSi maT<br />
Sesaxeb?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
ojaxis tradiciuli gageba gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva qveynebSi. amitomac<br />
mieciT monawileebs saSualeba CarTon ojaxSi bebiebi da babuebi an sxva<br />
naTesavebi Tu saWirod miaCniaT.<br />
“gansakuTrebuli mSoblis” arsebobas 2-magi daniSnuleba aqvs: pirveli<br />
diskusiis stimulireba gansakuTrebiT im qveynebSi sadac demokratiis<br />
tradicia Zlieria da meore _ mravalferovnebis uzrunvelyofa, raTa<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxdes biujetebis Sedareba da ganxilva. unda gaxsovdeT, rom<br />
“ojaxis sxva wevrebi” SeiZleba ganawyendnen an gabrazdnen kidec mSoblis<br />
damokidebulebis gamo. maTi dabneva SeiZleba imanac gamoiwvios, rom maT ar<br />
ician, rom es gaTamaSeba rolis mixedviT xdeba! winaswar unda moemzadoT<br />
faqtisaTvis, rom SesaZloa jgufSi Seiqmnas problemebi, romlebic<br />
moiTxovs Tqven Carevas. ecadeT jgufma ise gaagrZelos TamaSi, rom<br />
bolomde ver mixvdnen “gansakuTrebuli” personaJis arsebobas. amave dros<br />
Tu fiqrobT, rom es roli qmnis Zalian bevr sirTules an ver moergeba<br />
Tqven situacias maSin gamotoveT is savarjiSodan.<br />
Tavisuflad moaxdineT saxarjo siis adaptireba Tu xedavT, rom ar<br />
asaxavs ojaxur realobas Tqvens regionSi an qveyanaSi. Tumca aucileblad<br />
CarTeT zogierTi “usafrTxoebis” da `fufunebis~ nivTebi, ise rom<br />
monawileebs mouxdeT arCevanis gakeTeba aucileblad da naklebad saWiro<br />
nivTebs Soris<br />
variantebi<br />
278 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
araTebis gamoyenebis alternativa aris ubralod furclis gamoyeneba<br />
siis saxiT da sTxoveT ojaxebs/jgufebs aRniSnon TavianTi arCevani. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi sTxoveT ojaxebs/jgufebs Camoweron TavianTi biujeti didi<br />
zomis furcelze, romelic yvelasaTvis dasanaxad unda iyos gamotanili.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
jgufma SeiZleba garkveuli dadebiTi cvlilebebis Zieba daiwyos mag.<br />
demilitarizaciis fondis Seqmna, an ganTavseba im qveynebSi, romlebsac ar<br />
gaaCniaT jarebi da samxedro SeiaraReba (rogoricaa kosta rika).<br />
Tu moisurvebT omis Sedegebis, gansakuTrebiT ki ltolvilebis<br />
problemis ganxilvas, SeiZleba dagainteresoT savarjiSom “SeiZleba<br />
Semovide” (gv. 308).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
ratomac ar unda imsjeloT demilitarizaciis sakiTxebze? rac ufro<br />
meti adamiani iqneba problemis Sesaxeb informirebuli, miT ufro meti<br />
SeZlebs mTavrobaze zewolis moxdenas cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT.<br />
gaarkvieT Tqveni qveynis biujetis ra nawili ixarjeba samxedro da<br />
socialur saWiroebebze. jgufs SeuZlia misweros Tavisi qveynis<br />
parlamentis deputatebs da mosTxovos maT cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba.<br />
aseve arsebobs uamravi SesaZlebloba SeuerTdeT bevr demilitarizaciis<br />
kampanias, romlebic ewyoba mTeli msoflios masStabiT, rogoricaa<br />
axalgazrduli da studenturi kampania birTvuli ganiaraRebisaTvis<br />
(http://youthstudentend.org.uk) da Pax Cristi International (www.paxchristi.net). an<br />
Tavad wamoiwyeT kampania Tqvensave jgufSi da resursad gamoiyeneT zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili organizaciebis msgavsni.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
saerTaSoriso SeiaraRebis industria seriozul zians ayenebs adamianis<br />
pirovnul usafrTxoebas, radganac ZiriTadi yuradReba da Sesabamisad<br />
resursebi gadaaqvs adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebidan. mTavari argumenti,<br />
samxedro sferoze resursebis gamoyofis dasabuTebisTvis aris saxelmwifos<br />
teritoriisa da mosaxleobis usafrTxoebis dacva. magram arian adamianebi<br />
namdvilad daculni Tuki ver Rebuloben ganaTlebas, janmrTelobis dacvis<br />
momsaxurebas da sakvebs? asaxavs samxedro danaxarjebi mosaxleobis<br />
interesebs Tu mxolod saxelmwifos interesebs?<br />
kidev erTi damatebiTi problema aris is, rom saxelmwifos investicia<br />
mis usafrTxoebaSi (da rogorc amtkiceben xalxis usafrTxoebaSi) aris<br />
mankieri wre. yvela saxelmwifo cdilobs hqondes ukeTesi da ukeTesi<br />
SeiaraReba sxva qveynebis samxedro ZalisaTvis gadasaWarbeblad. amas<br />
“iaraRis krossac” eZaxian.<br />
civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg 10 wliani periodis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda<br />
samxedro danaxarjebis Semcireba. radgan demilitarizaciis procesis<br />
Sesabamisad saxelmwifo politikas unda uzrunveleyo “mSvidobis<br />
dividendis” anu samxedro biujetidan dazogili fulis gamoyeneba<br />
pirovnul usafrTxoebaze, mag. ganaTlebaze an jandacvaze gamoyofili<br />
biujetis gazrda. realurad ki es iSviaTad Tu moxda sadme radganac<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
279
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
seqtembris meore<br />
kviris samSabaTi<br />
mSvidobis dRe<br />
“mSvidobis dividendis” umetesi nawili daixarja erovnuli valis<br />
Semcirebaze.<br />
amJamad samxedro xarjebi kvlav izrdeba, dawyebuli 1999 wlidan da<br />
gagrZelda 2000 welsac. es paradoqsuli Cans, radganac usafrTxoeba<br />
msoflios bevr qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda. albaT mizezi is aris,<br />
rom qveynebma, romlebic uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavdnen TavdacvisaTvis<br />
miiRes an gamoacxades Tavdacvis programebi mzardi biujetiT.<br />
mSvidobis aqtivistebi da kampaniis monawileebi aTwleulebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi amtkiceben, rom sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs samxedro<br />
programebis transformirebas samoqalaqo sferoSi. maT mier moyvanilia<br />
mTeli rigi mizezebi:<br />
� TavisTavad SeiaraRebis industriis amoraloba da misi<br />
destruqciuli SesaZleblobebi<br />
� iaraRis gavrcelebis mzardi saSiSroeba<br />
� SeiaraRebis industriis uunaroba akontrolos sakuTari nawarmi da<br />
misi produqciis gamoyenebebis SesaZlebloebi<br />
� industriis memkvidruli mflangvelobis Tviseba da resursebisa da<br />
samecniero kadrebis arasworad gamoyenebis skandaluri SemTxvevebi,<br />
aseve<br />
� potenciali, romelsac konversia gamoaTavisuflebda<br />
me-5 TavSi mSvidobisa da Zaladobis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi informaciaSi gv-<br />
418 moyvanilia statistikuri monacemebi da cxrilebi, romlebic<br />
aqtualuria am savarjiSosTvis.<br />
280 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
saxarjo baraTebi<br />
sakvebi (2 000) swavlis (skolis/universitetis)<br />
gadasaxadi (2 000)<br />
axali manqana (4 000) sportuli darbazis yovelTviuri<br />
gadasaxadi (300)<br />
saojaxo samedicino dazRveva (1<br />
000)<br />
Tojinebi da TamaSebi (200)<br />
kompiuteri (800) lataria (100) saxlis SekeTeba (400)<br />
signalizacia (1 500) tansacmeli (400) cxovelebis sakvebi (100)<br />
wylis gadasaxadi (200) gawvrTnili ZaRli dacvisaTvis<br />
(400)<br />
transporti (benzini, avtobusis<br />
da matareblis bileTis xarjebi)<br />
(400)<br />
qira an ipoTekuri gadasaxadi (2<br />
500)<br />
sarecxi manqanis SekeTeba (200) saskolo/sauniversiteto<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi erTi TvisaTvis<br />
(300)<br />
saTevzao mowyobiloba (200) axali eleqtronuli<br />
mowyobilobebi saxlisaTvis (100)<br />
gasaSleli skamis axali modeli<br />
(700)<br />
Tavdacvis kursi dedisa da<br />
qaliSvilisaTvis (ebisaTvis) (300)<br />
manqanis signalizacia (300) gamosasvleli dReebi sanapiro<br />
saxlSi (400)<br />
ojaxuri sadili restoranSi<br />
(100)<br />
axalgazrduli banaki (200)<br />
mSoblis baraTi roli<br />
avtoritaruli mSoblis baraTi roli<br />
medikamentebi (300)<br />
dabadebis dRis saCuqari<br />
dedisaTvis (400)<br />
piradi iaraRi (400)<br />
eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadi (200)<br />
Tavisufali drois gatareba (kino<br />
Teatri, gasarTobi parki) (200)<br />
piradi dacvis mowyobiloba (mag.<br />
cremlsadeni gazi da Soki) (100)<br />
telefonis qviTari (300) finansuri daxmareba bebiebisa da<br />
babuebisaTvis an sxva<br />
naTesavebisaTvis (200)<br />
Tqven xarT ojaxis marCenali da amis gamo fiqrobT, rom meti uflebebi gaqvT fulis xarjvis sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT vidre Tqvens meuRles an bavSvebs. bolosdabolos es Tqven xarT visac fuli Semoaqvs<br />
ojaxSi!<br />
Tqven Rrmad xarT darwmunebuli rom qalaqSi, romelSic Tqven cxovrobT kanonisa da wesrigis naklebobis<br />
problema mwvaved dgas. dRevandel cxovrebaSi es Zalian saSiSia! amdenad TqvenTvis pirveli rigis<br />
prioriteti aris Tqveni ojaxis, saxlisa da sakuTrebis dacva da usafrTxoeba.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
281
siRaribe<br />
globalizacia<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
15-21<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
siRaribis horoskopi<br />
SegiZliaT momavlis ganWvreta? ras moutans momavali<br />
weli aminas an miSas?<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
siRaribe, globalizacia, socialuri uflebebi.<br />
done 3<br />
15 – 21<br />
60 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo aerTianebs SemoqmedebiTi kompoziciis<br />
codnas da siRaribis SedegebTan dakavSirebul<br />
unar-Cvevebs, aseve Raribebis mier zogierTi<br />
sasicocxlo unaris SesaZleblobebis dakargvasTan<br />
sakvebisa da sacxovreblis qonis ufleba<br />
� janmrTelobis ufleba<br />
� muSaobis ufleba<br />
fiqri Raribebis SezRudul SesaZleblobebze da siZneleebze,<br />
romlebsac isini awydebian im SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis<br />
mcdelobis dros, romlebic maT gaaCniaT<br />
� siRaribis mankieri wris gaazreba<br />
� socialuri samarTlianobis, adamianuri<br />
Rirsebisa da pasuxismgeblobis damkvidreba<br />
12 baraTi- horoskopi<br />
� 12 baraTi cxovrebiseuli istoriebiT<br />
� erTi furceli da pasta yvela monawilisaTvis<br />
� didi zomis furceli an dafa<br />
� markerebi an carci<br />
� dasawepebeli lenti<br />
gaakeTeT horoskopisa da sicocxlis baraTebis aslebi da<br />
amoWeriT<br />
� gaakeTeT baraTebis 3 kompleqti ise rom<br />
mTlianobaSi iyos 4 baraTi cxovrebiseuli<br />
istoriebiT Sesabamisi baraTi – horoskopebiT<br />
TiToeul kompleqtSi. CadeT TiToeuli kompleqti<br />
konvertSi, raTa isini ar airios.<br />
1. gaacaniT savarjiSo monawileebs. mokled isaubreT zogadad<br />
horoskopebze. kiTxuloben monawileebi maT? sjeraT maT<br />
horoskopebis? ra saxis informacias iZleva horoskopebi<br />
Cveulebisamebr?<br />
2. dayaviT monawileebi 3 mcire jgufad da TiToeuls mieciT<br />
sicocxlis barTebis erTi kompleqti Sesabamis baraT-horoskopebTan<br />
erTad.<br />
3. mieciT jgufebs 20 wuTi maT baraTebze aRwerili 4<br />
sicocxlisaTvis horoskopebis Sesadgenad. unda gamoiyenon fantazia,<br />
intuicia da zogadi codna raTa iwinaswarmetyvelon ra moxdeba am<br />
282 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
adamianebis cxovrebaSi momaval wlebSi. xazi gausviT, rom ar<br />
arsebobs swori da araswori pasuxebi, magram monawileebi unda<br />
ecadon gaakeTon prognozi realobis farglebSi.<br />
4. rodesac daasruleben moiwvieT monawileebi plenarul sxdomaze.<br />
sTxoveT jgufebs saTiTaod warmoadginon TavianTi namuSevrebi.<br />
Tavidan maT unda waikiTxon baraTebze arsebuli cxovrebiseuli<br />
istoriebi raTa yvela gaecnos sxvadasxva personaJebs, Semdeg ki maT<br />
unda waikiTxon maT mier Sedgenili horoskopebi.<br />
5. sabolood miakariT baraTebi da prognozebi didi zomis furcelze<br />
kedlis cxrilis gasakeTeblad<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
msjelobis dasawyisSi sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs ganmartos rogor<br />
gadawyvites TavianTi personaJebis momavali. Semdeg gadadiT siRaribis<br />
gansazRvraze da bolos imsjeleT siRaribis Sedegebze.<br />
� ra warmodgena aqvT monawileebs Raribebis Sesaxeb? maT sakuTar<br />
qveynebSi da ganviTarebad qveynebSi? aris es stereotipebi? ramdenad<br />
safuZvliania maTi warmodgena? saidan Rebuloben monawileebi<br />
informacias?<br />
� ras gulisxmoben monawileebi terminSi ”siRaribe”?<br />
� SeiZleba vinme CaiTvalos ”mdidrad” erT qveyanaSi da ”Raribad”<br />
sxva qveyanaSi? sxva sityvebiT aris siRaribe SefardebiTi?<br />
� Tqvens sazogadoebaSi ratom aris zogi mdidari da zogi Raribi?<br />
� ra aris siRaribidan mTavari gamosavali? rogorc Tqven qveyanaSi<br />
aseve eriTreaSi, msoflios erT-erT uRaribes qveyanaSi? mdidari<br />
biZis yola? latariis bileTiT mogeba? ganaTlebis miReba?<br />
janmrTeloba? saWiro adamianebis nacnoboba? bevri Sroma? kidev ra?<br />
� ramdenad advilia Raribi adamianebisaTvis siRaribis wris garRveva?<br />
sxva sityvebiT, ramdenad Znelia Rarib ojaxSi dabadebuli<br />
adamianisaTvis ar darCes Raribad roca gaizrdeba?<br />
� ra SesaZleblobebi eZlevaT adamianebs gamdidrebis SemTxvevaSi?<br />
� ra SesaZleblobebi aqvT Rarib adamianebs?<br />
� aris adamiani sakuTar siRaribeSi damnaSave? Tu es misi bedia? aris<br />
es ganpirobebuli socialuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri ZalebiT?<br />
� siRaribe mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli cud janmrTelobasTan,<br />
SimSilTan da cud kvebasTan, ganaTlebis naklebobasTan, dabali<br />
donis profesionalizmTan da umuSevrobasTan? es ubralo damTxvevaa<br />
Tu es yvelaferi logikur urTierTkavSirSia? Tu asea ra kavSiria<br />
maT Soris?<br />
� zogadad, rogor epyrobian adaminebi Raribebs?<br />
� ra saxis politikuri da socialuri programebi qmnis saukeTeso<br />
pirobebs yvela moqalaqisaTvis?<br />
� ramdenad aris Tqven qveyanaSi ganaTleba gasaRebi siRaribis<br />
SemcirebisaTvis?<br />
� msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi izrdeba ufskruli mdidrebsa da<br />
Raribebs Soris. aseve izrdeba ufskruli qveynebs Soris. ra<br />
gavlenas axdens es evropaze?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
17 oqtomberi<br />
siRatakis<br />
aRmofxvris<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
283
� aqvs raime mniSvneloba am ufskrulis zrdas? Tu monawileebi<br />
fiqroben rom aqvs, vin aris pasuxismgebeli mis Semcirebaze?<br />
� ra SeuZliaT gaakeTon individualurma pirebma, jgufebma,<br />
adgilobrivma sazogadoebebma da erebma am ufskrulis Sesavsebad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
naTlad ganumarteT monawileebs, rom es gamogonili horoskopebia da<br />
saWiro ar aris iyo astrologi an icode zodiaqos niSnebis zogadi<br />
daxasiaTeba. ubralod saWiroa sicocxlis baraTebze mocemul detalebze<br />
aqcentis gakeTeba da sakuTar zogad ganaTlebaze da istoriis, ekonomikis<br />
da sociologiis codnaze dayrdnoba. horoskop-baraTebze miTiTebuli<br />
punqti “siyvaruli” exeba ara marto sasiyvarulo cxovrebas, aramed<br />
megobrebTan da ojaxis wevrebTan urTierTobas.<br />
variantebi<br />
SegiZliaT gaakeToT sicocxlis istoriebis adaptireba an SecvaloT<br />
yvela an zogierTi maTgani sxva Tqveni azriT ufro saintereso da<br />
aqtualuri istoriebiT. aseve SegiZliaT SecvaloT es istoriebi Tqvens<br />
mier gagonili an nanaxi namdvili ambebiT, romelic Tqven qveyanaSi an<br />
sazogadoebaSi moxda.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
xSirad qali erTaderTi marCenalia ojaxSi, imis gamo rom is<br />
martoxela dedaa an imis gamo rom misi qmari umuSevaria. magram xSirad<br />
adgili aqvs qalebis samsaxurebriv diskriminacias da Tu socialuri dacvis<br />
deficitic aRiniSneba xSirad metismetad rTulia erTdroulad ojaxis<br />
movaleobebis da samsaxuris SeTavseba. Tu jgufi dainteresebulia am<br />
sakiTxebiT SeuZliaT Seasrulon savarjiSo “samsaxuri da bavSvebi” 254 gvze.<br />
ideebi qmedebisaTvis<br />
SesTavazeT mxardaWera Raribebis problemebze momuSave arasamTavrobo<br />
organizacias an asociacias. SegiZliaT ipovoT adgilobrivi jgufebi da<br />
gaarkvioT ra problemebi aqvT maT. Semdeg SeimuSaveT proeqti am mizniT<br />
finansuri saxsrebis moZiebisaTvis<br />
284 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
baraTebi cxovrebiseuli istoriebiT<br />
maria, martoxela deda sami SviliT cxovrobs portugaliaSi, madeiras Rarib ubanSi. misma bolo<br />
partnoirma sul axlaxans miatova. is muSaobs Sinamosamsaxured mdidar ojaxSi, magram ramden xans SeiZleba<br />
gagrZeldes ase? cota xnis win viRacam beWedi mopara mdidar diasaxliss da mas erT-erT mosamsaxureze aqvs<br />
eWvi. Znelia konkretuli damnaSavis povna da amitomac apireben yvela mosamsaxuris ganTavisuflebas da maT<br />
Secvlas sxvebiT. maria Txis rqis zodiaqos miekuTvneba<br />
amina TurqeTidanaa. cxovrobs qveynis erT patara uRaribes sofelSi. is 12 wlisaa da misi mSoblebi –<br />
Zalian Raribi glexebi – saubroben misTvis saqmros moZebnaze. magram mas ar unda gaTxoveba; amis nacvlad<br />
mas gadawyvetili aqvs gaiqces saxlidan da dedaqalaqSi wavides sadac ufro naTeli momavlis imedi aqvs.<br />
amina tyupebis zodiaqos miekuTvneba<br />
miSa tomskidanaa, cimbiridan. ukve ramdenime welia is umuSevaria da ar icis ra iRonos. misi coli<br />
mZime avadmyofia da mTel dRes sawolSi atarebs. mas 4 Svili hyavs 20, 18, 10, da 8 wlis. amaTgan 2<br />
umcrosi invalidia. miSa qalwulis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
iuri cxovrobs mSoblebTan da 3 umcros ZmasTan erTad tomskSi, cimbirSi. is 20 wlisaa da hokeis<br />
saukeTeso moTamaSea. misi biZa, romelic amerikaSi cxovrobs Sepirda, rom ecdeba moipovos stipendia misTvis<br />
amerikis kolejSi saswavleblad. iuris mama, miSa ukve ramdenime Tvea umuSevaria da am momentisaTvis<br />
erTaderTi Semosavlis wyaro ojaxisaTvis aris iuris SemTxveviTi samuSaoebi. iurim ar icis ra gaakeTos.<br />
dedamisi avad aris, misi 2 umcrosi Zma invalidia da mTeli ojaxi maszea damokidebuli. iuri kiborCxalas<br />
zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli<br />
benjeti axalgazrda Svedi “skinhedia”. is ukve 2-jer daapatimres am wlis ganmavlobaSi Cadenili<br />
xulignobisaTvis. is ukve 2 welia umuSevaria da amis miuxedavad yvela SemoTavazebaze uars ambobs.<br />
amjobinebs dro gaataros Tavisi ZaRlis – pitbulterieris gawvrTnaSi, ivarjiSos aTletizmSi da iyos<br />
quCaSi ZmakacebTan erTad, romlebic ramodenime rasistul incidentSi arian gareuli.<br />
benjeti verZis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
rikardo marto cxovrobs barselonaSi, espaneTSi, patara binaSi romlis gasaxadsac Zlivs ixdis. is<br />
avad iyo ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi da Rebulobs mTavrobisagan socialur daxmarebas. is ubralo<br />
samuSaoebis SesrulebiT irCenda Tavs. misma colma rodesac gaigo rom SidsiT iyo daavadebuli bavSvebi<br />
waiyvana da miatova. is sasworis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli<br />
abduli mravali wlis win mavritaniidan safarangeTis dedaqalaqSi – parizSi Camovida samsaxuris<br />
saZebnelad. pirvel xanebSi marto iyo, magram mogvianebiT SeZlo colis, 4 Svilis da mSoblebis Camoyvana.<br />
isini yvela erT binaSi parizis Rarib ubanSi cxovroben. raRac periodSi yvelaferi kargad midioda,<br />
gansakuTrebiT rodesac abdulis colma tyupebi gaaCina, magram rTuli aRmoCnda bavSvebis gazrda<br />
mavritaniul tradiciebze. tyupebi axla 12 wlis arian. skolaSi uamravi problemebi aqvT da xSirad ar<br />
emorCilebian mSoblebis nebas. cota xnis win abdulma dakarga samsaxuri zogadi ekonomikuri krizisis gamo.<br />
abduli lomis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
tyupebi motkari da ouldi daibadnen parizSi, safrangeTSi. isini abdulis, emigranti muSis Svilebi<br />
arian, romelic warmoSobiT mavritaniidan aris. mTeli ojaxi, maTi mSoblebi, 4 ufrosi Zma da maTi bebiababua,<br />
yvela erTad cxovrobs erT binaSi parizis Rarib ubanSi. tyupebi axla 12 wlis arian da skolaSi<br />
bevri problemebi aqvT. isini uars amboben swavlaze, xSirad acdenen gakveTilebs da parizis gareubnebSi<br />
megobrebTan erTad daxetialoben da uars acxadeben daemorCilon mSoblebis nebas, romlebTanac xSirad<br />
mosdiT uTanxmoeba, zogjer ki Cxubic. skolidan modis ambebi, rom isini TandaTan ufrodaufro agresiulebi<br />
xdebian. motkari da ouldi merwyulis zodiaqos niSnis qveS arian dabadebuli.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
285
20 wlis kristas naqiravebi aqvs patara bina praRis Rarib gareubanSi da ocnebobs germaniaSi cxovrebaze.<br />
man waikiTxa gancxadeba berlinSi samsaxurTan dakavSirebiT. dareka sakontaqto nomerze da Sexvda<br />
adamians, romelic Sepirda mas siRaribidan Tavis daRwevaSi daxmarebas da uTxra, rom is advilad<br />
ipovida samsaxurs berlinSi. man gadawyvita endos am kacs da gamoiyenos germaniaSi wasvlis Sansi. krista<br />
mSvildosnis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
jeini xanSi Sesuli qvrivia, romelic SotlandiaSi cxovrobs. misi qmari alkoholiki iyo da TiTqmis<br />
arasodes muSaobda. is Tavs irCens mcire pensiiT magram axla ukve mkurnaloba sWirdeba, radgan<br />
janmrTelobis mdgomareoba mkveTrad gauuaresda. jeini Tevzebis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
bela cxovrobs Tavis dasTan anJelikasTan erTad palermoSi, italiaSi. maTi mSoblebi gardaicvalen<br />
rodesac gogonebi 16 wlis da 17 wlis iyvnen, rac imas niSnavda rom maT swavlisTvis Tavi unda<br />
daenebebinaT da emuSavaT. axla isini 22 da 23 wlis arian. bela 2 adgilze muSaobs, dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
Sinamosamsaxured, xolo RamiT saavadmyofoSi damlageblad. is aseve zrunavs anJelikaze, romelic<br />
narkomania. belas ar unda miatovos da, radganac icis ramdeni tanjva aqvs mas gadatanili mkacri<br />
mamisagan. belas problemebs uqmnis misi ficxi xasiaTi, romlis gakontrolebac uWirs da ris gamoc man<br />
ukve orjer dakarga samsaxuri. bela kuros zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
anJelika cxovrobs Tavis dasTan belasTan erTad palermoSi, italiaSi. maTi mSoblebi gardaicvalen<br />
rodesac gogonebi 16 wlis da 17 wlis iyvnen, rac imas niSnavda rom maT swavlisTvis Tavi unda<br />
daenebebinaT da emuSavaT. axla isini 22 da 23 wlis arian. bela 2 adgilze muSaobs da zrunavs<br />
anJelikaze, romelic narkomania. anJelika xSirad paravs fuls das narkotikebis SesaZenad. is xan anebebs<br />
Tavs narkotikebis moxmarebas xan isev Tavidan iwyebs magram Tavis midrekilebis kontroli Zalian uWirs.<br />
anJelika morielis zodiaqos niSnis qveS aris dabadebuli.<br />
286 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
araTi horoskopebi momavali wlisaTvis<br />
verZi (bengti)<br />
(21 marti - 21 aprili)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
kuro (bela)<br />
(22 aprili _ 21 maisi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
tyupebi (amina)<br />
(22 maisi _ 21 ivnisi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
kiborCxala (iuri)<br />
(22ivnisi _ 22 ivlisi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
lomi (abduli)<br />
(23 ivlisi _ 22 agvisto)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
qalwuli (miSa)<br />
(23 agvisto _ 22 seqtemberi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
saswori (rikardo)<br />
(23 seqtemberi _ 22 oqtomberi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
morieli (anJelika)<br />
(23 oqtomberi _ 22 noemberi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
mSvildosani (kristina)<br />
(23 noemberi _ 21 dekemberi)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
Txis rqa (maria)<br />
(22 dekemberi _ 20 ianvari)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
merwyuli (motkari da ouldi)<br />
(21 ianvari _ 19 Tebervali)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
Tevzebi (jeini)<br />
(20 Tebervali _ 20 marti)<br />
siyvaruli<br />
samsaxuri<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
287
ekologia<br />
globalizacia<br />
adamianis zog. uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
10 da meti<br />
30 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
sicocxlis qseli<br />
xalxi arsebobs ara garemos sazRvrebs miRma,<br />
aramed mis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenen<br />
ekologia, globalizacia, adamianis zogadi<br />
uflebebi.<br />
done 2<br />
10 da meti<br />
30 wuTi<br />
savarjiSoSi monawileebi fiqroben gansazRvron<br />
kavSirebi sakvebis globalur qselSi. isini<br />
ganixilaven Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
� sulierisa da usulos erTmaneTTan<br />
damokidebuleba<br />
� adamianis yovelgvari saqmianobis gardauval<br />
gavlenas garemoze da mis Sedegebs<br />
sakuTrebis flobis ufleba<br />
� ufleba janmrTel garemo pirobebze<br />
� ganviTarebis ufleba<br />
� sulierisa da usulo sagnebis<br />
urTierTdamokidebulebis gageba<br />
� adamianis saqmianobis gavlenis Sefaseba<br />
ekosistemaze<br />
� sasicocxlo faseulobebis mimarT pativiscemis<br />
damkvidreba.<br />
Tokis an myari Salis gorgali.<br />
� makrateli<br />
es savarjiSo gayofilia 2 nawilad: I – sicocxlis qselis ageba, II –<br />
misi destruqcia.<br />
nawili 1<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs dadgnen wreSi.<br />
2. ganmarteT, rom maT unda aagon sicocxlis qselis modeli.<br />
3. daiwyeT TamaSi Tqven. xelSi daiWireT Tokis gorgali da<br />
daasaxeleT raime bostneulis saxeli, mag. kombosto.<br />
4. Tokis erTi bolo daiWireT xelSi xolo gorgali gadaugdeT<br />
wreSi mdgom romelime monawiles, romelmac unda daiWiros is!<br />
axla ukve gadaWimulia swori xazi Tqven Soris.<br />
5. am pirovnebam unda daasaxelos cxoveli, romelic ikvebeba<br />
kombostoTi mag. muxluxo. man unda daiWiros Toki da gorgali<br />
gadaugdos wreSi mdgom mesame monawiles.<br />
288 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
6. am mesamem ki unda moifiqros cxoveli, romelic Wams muxluxoebs,<br />
mag. Citi, an Tu ecodinebaT Citebis saxeobebi daasaxelon romelime<br />
mag. SaSvi, Semdeg isini gadaugdeben gorgals me-4 monawiles.<br />
7. gaagrZeleT TamaSi ise, rom gorgalma itrialos wreSi vidre ar<br />
Seiqmneba urTierTgadaxlarTuli bade, romelic ganasaxierebs<br />
„sicocxlis qsels“.<br />
nawili 2<br />
1. aiReT makrateli da sTxoveT monawileebs daasaxelon konkretuli<br />
magaliTebi, ra azianebs sicocxlis qsels mag. fermebze gamavali<br />
avtomagistralebis mSenebloba an virTevzebis mtacebluri Wera.<br />
2. TiToeuli magaliTis dasaxelebisTanave gaWeriT qselSi gabmuli<br />
Toki.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT monawileebis gamokiTxviT Tu rogor grZnobdnen Tavs qselis<br />
daSlis danaxvaze da Semdeg gadadiT am procesSi CarTuli sakiTxebis da<br />
garemos dacvis zomebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� ra grZnoba dageuflaT rodesac xedavdiT qselis TandaTanobiT<br />
rRvevas?<br />
� iyo advili cxovelebis da mcenareebis dasaxeleba sxvadasxva sakveb<br />
qselSi? ramdenad kargad erkvevian monawileebi bunebis istoriaSi?<br />
� vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba garemos dacvaze?<br />
� bunebis balansi miiRweva gansxvavebuli faqtorebis rTuli<br />
SeTanxmebiT da Znelia iwinaswarmetyvelo ra iqneba romelime<br />
konkretuli qmedebis globaluri Sedegebi. maSin rogor SeiZleba<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miReba dedamiwis resursebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb?<br />
mag. rogor SeuZlia xalxs miiRos gadawyvetileba gakafon Tu ara<br />
tye raTa gaTavisuflebuli miwis nakveTi gamoiyenon marcvleulis<br />
dasaTesad?<br />
� ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso<br />
SeTanxmebis 2 muxli acxadebs, rom ”yvela adamians SeuZlia Tavisi<br />
miznebis misaRwevad Tavisuflad gankargos sakuTari bunebrivi<br />
simdidre da resursebi”. niSnavs es rom xalxs aqvs ufleba<br />
gamoiyenos garemo?<br />
� Cven damokidebuli varT garemoze sakvebisa da sufTa haeris<br />
uzrunveyofis TvalsazrisiT. janmrTeli garemos gareSe Cven ver<br />
vicocxlebT, es sicocxlis winapirobaa. maSasadame aris Tu ara<br />
Cveni upirvelesi movaleoba pativi vceT garemos, rac Sesabamisad<br />
zRudavs Cvens uflebas gamoviyenoT is? (analogiurad Cven<br />
valdebuli varT pativi vceT sxvebis uflebebs da Tavisuflebebs<br />
Cveni sakuTari uflebebis SezRudvis xarjze).<br />
dasasrulisTvis ifiqreT garemos dacvis mimarTulebiT<br />
ganxorcielebuli warmatebuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb. mdgomareoba arc ise<br />
uimedoa! mTel msoflioSi uamravi aqtiuri adamiania, romlebic cdiloben<br />
uzrunvelyon mdgradi garemo pirobebis SenarCuneba momavali TaobebisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
289
Cevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
sakvebis yvela jaWvma unda moaxdinos realuri da SesaZlo<br />
urTierTobebis ilustrireba. mag. balaxi-cxvari-adamiani. an planqtoniveSapi,<br />
an planqtoni-qaSayi-Rori (Rorebs xSirad aWmeven Tevzis fxvniliT)<br />
– adamiani-vefxvi! gaxsovdeT, rom rodesac cxoveli kvdeba baqteriebi<br />
alpoben mis sxeuls xolo gamoTavisuflebuli mineralebiT mcenareebi<br />
ikvebebian. agvarad, sicocxlis cikli Tavidan iwyeba. miliardobiT aseTi<br />
ciklebi aris urTierTgadajaWvuli sicocxlis qselis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
ecadeT monawileebma moifiqron rac SeiZleba meti sakvebis jaWvebi.<br />
moifiqreT tyis, mTis, bris, Waobis, tbis, mdinaris da zRvis mcxovrebTa<br />
magaliTebi. SeiZleba moisurvoT Careva da TqvaT raime msgavsi: ”axla<br />
mineralebi Cairecxeba zRvaSi da zRvis fitoplanqtonebi (mcenareuli<br />
planqtonebi) iyeneben maT.” an imisaTvis, rom gadaitanoT saubari<br />
sazRvaodan xmeleTis ekosistemaze SeiZleba TqvaT: ”axla Tolia,<br />
romelmac zRvis napirze SeWama kiborCxala gafrinda zRvidan Sors, fermaSi<br />
raime gemrielis mosaZebnad, sadac is daiRupa”. Tu monawile ver SeZlebs<br />
Semdegi rgolis mofiqrebas SesTavazeT kiTxon jgufis sxva wevrebs.<br />
II nawilSi rodesac Toks gadaWriT, gadaWeriT is SemTxveviT qselis<br />
sxvadasxva nawilebSi. pirveli ramdenime gadaWra ar Seitans did<br />
cvlilebebs radganac Zafebi gadaxlarTulia erTmaneTSi da es metnaklebad<br />
iWers bades Sekrul mdgomareobaSi. magram rodesac gaagrZelebT Tokis<br />
Wras qseli TandaTan dairRveva da sabolood iatakze darCeba Zafebis<br />
nakuwebi, garSemo mdgomi adamianebiT, romlebsac xelT uWiravT Zafebis<br />
patara, usargeblo monakveTebi.<br />
savarjiSos me-2 nawilSi Tqven mzad unda iyoT garkveuli<br />
winaaRmdegobrivi pasuxebisaTvis SekiTxvaze: ”ra azianebs qsels?” zogma<br />
monawilem, mag. vegetarianelebma, SeiZleba Tqvan, rom xorcis mWameli<br />
xalxi azianebs mas. Tqven unda miiRoT es Sexeduleba da hkiTxoT sxva<br />
monawileebs azri. Tumca frTxilad unda iyoT, rom ar wamoiwyoT didi<br />
debatebi am etapze. pirvel rigSi daasruleT TamaSi da Semdeg daubrundiT<br />
am sakiTxebs analizisa da Sefasebis nawilSi.<br />
ecadeT ar SeferxdeT diskusiaze, aramed miyeviT savarjiSos mizans _<br />
adamianis saqmianoba gavlena garemoze.<br />
darRveuli qseli Zalian StambeWdavi sanaxaobaa. amdenad mniSvnelovania<br />
moitovoT Tundac cota dro dafiqrebisaTvis an diskusiisaTvis im<br />
progresTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac adgili aqvs garemos dacvis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. aseve unda daamatoT punqtebi kidev ra SeiZleba gakeTdes<br />
monawileebis SesaZleblobebis CaTvliT. globaluri mdgomareoba namdvilad<br />
damTrgunvelia, magram mniSvnelovania monawileebma ar igrZnon Tavi umweod<br />
am problemis winaSe.<br />
SeiZleba moisurvoT 430 gv-ze damatebiTi informaciis wakiTxva vodre<br />
dasvamdeT SekiTxvebs adamianis uflebebsa da ekologias Soris arsebuli<br />
kavSirebis Sesaxeb.<br />
am savarjiSos Sesruleba kargia samecniero jgufTan, romelic<br />
Seiswavlis sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs.<br />
290 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
es savarjiSo SeiZleba gamoyebul iqnas adamianis uflebebisa da<br />
ekologiis Sesaxeb debatebis dasawyebad. mag. aris Tu ara kargi idea<br />
arsebobdes adamianis ufleba garemoze, iseve rogorc arsebobs adamianis<br />
sxva uflebebi? aqvs Tu ara garemos raime sxva Rirebulebac misi<br />
utilitaruli Rirebulebis garda? aqvs azri cxovelebisaTvis uflebebis<br />
micemas?<br />
resursebis gamoyenebis mdgradi ganviTareba moiTxovs politikur nebas,<br />
dros, energias da fuls. ifiqreT ramdenad mets gaakeTebs yvela qveyana<br />
ekologiuri ganaTlebis, samecniero kvlevis, da garemos praqtikuli dacvis<br />
sqemebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Tu kolosalur Tanxebs ar daxarjaven<br />
SeiaraRebaze da militarizaciaze. Tu jgufi moisurvebs am sakiTxebSi<br />
Rrmad Caxedvas SeuZliaT Seasrulon savarjiSo ”saxarjo fuli” (gv. 274).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
CaerTeT adgilobriv ekologiur proeqtebSi. daukavSirdiT Youth and<br />
Environment Europe (YEE), romelic aerTianebs 40-ze met regionalur da<br />
erovnul TviTmmarTvel axalgazrdul organizaciebs CarTuls bunebis da<br />
garemo pirobebis kvlevasa da konservaciaSi mTeli evropis masStabiT.<br />
www.ecn.cz/yee/<br />
daukavSirdiT adgilobriv ekologiur organizacias da kiTxeT rogor<br />
SegiZliaT gaxdeT ”garemos mimarT megobrulad ganwyobili” momxmarebeli.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
bunebaSi yvelaferi urTierTdakavSirebulia. yvela cocxali da aracocxali<br />
organizmi dakavSirebulia ciklebis saxiT, mag. naxSirorJangis<br />
cikli da wylis cikli. sakvebis jawvebic am ciklebis nawilia. sakvebis<br />
jaWvi iwyeba rodesac mcenare iyenebs mzis sinaTles, niadagis mineralebs,<br />
da wyals sakuTari sakvebis Sesaqmnelad, romelic aZlevs maT sicocxlisa<br />
da zrdis energias. rodesac mcenare. mag. kombosto gamoiyeneba sakvebad, mis<br />
foTlebSi akumulirebuli energia da mineralebi gadadis da moixmareba<br />
mag. muxluxos mier, romelic amiT izrdeba da cocxlobs. Tavis mxriv<br />
rodesac es cxovelebi iWmeba sxvis mier energia da mineralebi vrceldeba<br />
sxvebze sakvebis jaWvis saSualebiT. rodesac jaWvis boloSi myofi<br />
cxoveli kvdeba misi organizmi ganicdis lpobas da mas ”Wamen” baqteriebi.<br />
mineralebi, romlebic iyvnen am organizmSi Seiwovena mcenareebis mier da<br />
axali kvebis jaWvi iRebs saTaves.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
22 marti<br />
wylis resursebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
22 aprili<br />
dedamiwis dRe<br />
291
sporti<br />
diskriminacia<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
8 da meti<br />
120 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
instruqciebi<br />
sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
“TamaSi cudia Tu aravin igebs”<br />
italiuri andaza<br />
sporti, diskriminacia da qsenofobia, janmrTeloba<br />
done 2<br />
8+<br />
120 wuTi<br />
es aris maRalenergiuli savarjiSo. monawileebi iyeneben<br />
fantazias da SemoqmedebiT unars axali TamaSebis<br />
mosagoneblad. ganxiluli sakiTxebi moicavs:<br />
� TamaSis wesebs, maT dasabuTebas da monitorings<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa ideas, rogorc cxovrebis<br />
wess<br />
� diskriminacias sportSi<br />
janmrTelobis ufleba<br />
� Rirsebis da uflebebis Tanasworoba<br />
sportuli RonisZiebebidan gamoricxvis socialuri da<br />
politikuri mizezebis Sesaxeb informireba<br />
� jgufuri muSaobisa da TanamSromlobis<br />
unarCvevebis da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� monawileebis waxaliseba ifiqron adamianis<br />
uflebebze rogorc cxovrebiseuli TamaSis<br />
patiosan wesebze.<br />
TiToeuli 4-wevriani jgufisaTvis dagWirdebaT erTi<br />
kompleqti:<br />
� 4 didi nagvis kalaTi<br />
� 1 msxvili Tokis gorgali<br />
� 2 fexburTis zomis burTi<br />
� 2 gazeTi<br />
� 1 carcis natexi<br />
� makrateli<br />
1. uambeT monawileebs “sporti yvelasaTvis” moZraobis Sesaxeb. da<br />
uTxariT rom aTaswleulis aRsaniSnavad erovnuli sportis sabWom<br />
gadawyveta Caataros Sejibri axali TamaSi gamogonebaSi, romelic<br />
yvelas SeuZlia iTamaSos.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon 4-wevrian jgufebad<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom yvela jgufs aqvs 20 wuTi micemuli<br />
instrumentebis saSualebiT axali TamaSis Sesaqmnelad. TamaSis<br />
miznebis da wesebis dadgena damokidebulia TiToeul jgufze.<br />
4. mieciT monawileebs saSualeba iTamaSon erTmaneTis gamogonili<br />
TamaSebi.<br />
292 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mimoxilviT Tu rogor urTierTobdnen monawileebi sxvadasxva<br />
jgufebSi da moewonaT Tu ara maT savarjiSo. Semdeg gadadiT monawileebis<br />
mier gamogonebuli TamaSebis da TamaSis wesebis ganxilvaze da bolos<br />
isaubreT realur cxovrebaSi sportisa da TamaSebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� iyo rTuli TamaSis gamogoneba?<br />
� rogor muSaobdnen jgufebi? demokratiulad Tu mxolod erTi<br />
pirovneba Rebulobda yvela gadawyvetilebas?<br />
� iyo Tu ara jgufSi samuSao ganawilebuli? anu iyo erTi pirovneba<br />
ideebis momwodebeli, meore am ideebis praqtikaSi<br />
ganmaxorcielebeli, mesame iwyebda TamaSs da a.S.?<br />
� romeli TamaSi moewonaT monawileebs yvelaze metad? ra aris<br />
saWiro TamaSi rom kargi gamovides?<br />
� romelma jgufebma CaTvales saWirod wesebis Secvla mas Semdeg rac<br />
gamoscades TamaSi sxvebTan erTad? ratom dasWirdaT maT wesebis<br />
Secvla da rogor gaakeTes es? (iyo procesi ganxorcielebuli<br />
mTeli jgufis, mxolod ramdenime individis Tu mxolod erTi<br />
pirovnebis mier?)<br />
� ramdenad mniSvnelovania naTeli miznis da samarTliani wesebis qona<br />
raTa yvelam igrZnos rom SeuZliaT monawileoba?<br />
� yvelam CaTvala SesaZleblad srulad monawileoba Tu vinmem<br />
CaTvala rom raime upiratesoba hqonda an ar hqonda?<br />
� realur cxovrebaSi rogor xdeba garkveuli jgufebis gamoricxva<br />
sportuli RonisZiebebidan? garicxvis romeli formaa adamianis<br />
uflebaTa darRveva?<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis muxlebi ganxiluli<br />
unda iqnas rogorc pluralistul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebis wesebi.<br />
aris es wesebi kargi? mag. aris isini universalurad misaRebi yvela<br />
moTamaSisaTvis (yvelasaTvis mTel msoflioSi?) aris wesebi<br />
sakmarisi Tu metismetad bevria? aris wesebi samarTliani? yvela<br />
moTamaSe (yvela qveyana) icavs wesebs?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
ecadeT jgufebi iyos ”Sereuli”, mag. dablebi da maRlebi, saTvaleebiani<br />
da usaTvalo monawileebi, sxvadasxva sqesis, asakis, aTleturi<br />
SesaZleblobebis, da a.S.<br />
jgufidan gamomdinare SeiZleba dagWirdeT savarjiSos dawyeba fiqris<br />
porcesiT zogadad TamaSebis Sesaxeb. mag, ganmarteT, rom TamaSs unda<br />
hqondes mkafio mizanebi da wesebi.<br />
SeiZleba dagWirdeT garkveuli SezRudvebis daweseba, mag. garkveuli<br />
adgilmdebareobis SerCeva TamaSisaTvis an misi dasruleba 20 wuTis Semdeg.<br />
Tu aRmoaCenen xarvezebs TamaSis procesSi mieciT TamaSis Semqmnelebs misi<br />
Secvlis saSualeba.<br />
diskusia SeiZleba daukavSirdes adamianis uflebebs mravali gziT.<br />
SeiZleba ganixiloT gansxvavebebi da msgavsebebi wesebsa da adamianis<br />
uflebebs Soris. kargi wesebi adamianis uflebebis msgavsad arsebobs<br />
imisaTvis, rom uzrunveyofili iqnas TamaSis samarTlianad warmarTva<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
293
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
10 oqtomberi<br />
fsiqiuri<br />
janmrTelobis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
moTamaSeTa erTi jgufisaTvis meoreze Zalauflebis gamoyenebis SezRudviT.<br />
wesebi Tanabrad unda vrceldebodes yvela moTamaSeze, iseve rogorc<br />
adamianis sayovelTao uflebebi. bevri wesi uflebasTan erTad movaleobasac<br />
gansazRvravs, mag. fexburTels ufleba aqvs fexi daartyas burTs magram ara<br />
metoqes. wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi iniSneba sajarimo.<br />
wesebis Secvlis procesi SeiZleba SevadaroT realur cxovrebaSi<br />
kanonebis Secvlas. icvleba isini brZanebulebis safuZvelze, kanonmdeblebis<br />
mier Tu xalxis mier referendumis gziT, an iqneb arasamTavrobo seqtorTan<br />
konsultaciebis Sedegad Tu kidev raime sxva?<br />
analizis dros monawileebma SeiZleba ganacxadon, rom gamoricxva da<br />
diskriminacia arc ise didi problemaa radganac adamianebi Cveulebriv im<br />
sports irCeven, romelisTvisac ufro kargi monacemebis aqvT. mag. maRlebi<br />
TamaSoben kalaTburTs da naklebad aTleturebi biliards an Wadraks. da<br />
mainc arsebobs problema rom Tu mxolod imedismomcemi axalgazrdebi<br />
miiqceven mTel yuradRebas Sejibrebze gamosvlis dros da miiReben yvela<br />
saSualebas maSin isini vinc gasarTobad misdevs sports naklebi yuradReba<br />
daeTmobaT. zogierTi sportSi ar miiRebian msurvelebi qonebrivi statusis<br />
safuZvelze, radganc ZviradRirebuli sportuli inventari da wvrTnaa<br />
saWiro.<br />
SeiZleba moisurvoT jgufTan saubari quCis sportis proeqtis Sesaxeb,<br />
romelic aris balkaneTis axalgazrdebis mier wamowyebuli iniciativa da<br />
amkvidrebs Semwynareblobas da adamianis uflebebs. (ix. damatebiTi<br />
informacia sportisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb 492 gv-ze)<br />
variantebi<br />
Tu am savarjiSos gamoyeneba gsurT upiratesad jgufuri muSaobis<br />
unarCvevebis ganviTarebis mizniT SegiZliaT sTxovoT erT jgufs<br />
gamoigonos TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli TamaSi, xolo meores<br />
konkurentuli TamaSi. analizis dros SegiZliaT SeadaroT ramdenad<br />
sasiamovno iyo TiToeuli TamaSi<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu jgufi dainteresebulia TanasworobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva<br />
sakiTxebis garkveviT SeiZleba moisurvon savarjiSos „Tanasworobis<br />
qveynisaken mimavali gza“ Sesruleba (gv. 192), romelic ganixilavs<br />
genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebs.<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
moawyveT „sportis sayovelTao dRe“. moiwvieT axalgazrdebi sxva<br />
klubebidan Tqvens mier gamogonebuli TamaSebis saTamaSod. jgufma unda<br />
gadawyvetos rogor gaxados TamaSi maqsimalurad xelmisawvdomi<br />
yvelasaTvis.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
294 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
„sporti yvelasaTvis“ aris moZraoba, romelic amkvidrebs olimpiur<br />
ideals, rom sporti aris yvela individis ufleba maTi rasis, socialuri<br />
klasisa da sqesis miuxedavad. es moZraoba amkvidrebs sportul<br />
RonisZiebebs, romelic yvela asakis, sqesis, da socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
statusis xalxs SeuZlia Seasrulos. www.olympic.org/ioc/e/org/sportall<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
295
adamianis zog. uflebebi<br />
media<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
uflebebisaTvis mebrZolebi<br />
„esaa ideali, romlisTvisac Rirs sicocxle da brZola.“<br />
nelson mandela<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, media, moqalaqeoba.<br />
done 2<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo iyenebs sainformacio baraTebs<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis mebrZolTa Sesaxeb<br />
interesis gasaRviveblad. ganixiluli sakiTxebi<br />
moicavs:<br />
� politikuri represia<br />
� 20-e saukunis adamianis uflebaTa aqtivistebi<br />
� uflebebisaTvis brZola sxvadasxva qveynebSi<br />
� azrovnebisa da azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba<br />
� samarTliani gasamarTlebis ufleba<br />
� wamebisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebSi adamianis uflebebisaTvis mebrZolTa<br />
Sesaxeb informireba<br />
� informaciis Sekrebisa da damuSavebis,<br />
TanamSromlobis da jgufuri muSaobis unarCvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� adamianis uflebebis mimarT pativiscemis,<br />
pasuxismgeblobis da cnobismoyvareobis grZnobis<br />
stimulireba<br />
30 barTis kompleqti TiToeuli mcire jgufisaTvis<br />
� makrateli<br />
� konvertebi<br />
� arCeviTi: webo da myari qaRaldis naWrebi<br />
baraTebis dasawepeblad<br />
moawyveT oTaxi ise, rom monawileebma SeZlon mcire jgufebSi<br />
muSaoba<br />
� gaakeTeT dasarigebeli baraTebis aslebi raTa<br />
TiToeuli jgufisTvis iyos erTi kompleqti.<br />
� daWeriT 30 baraTis TiToeuli kompleqti,<br />
aurieT isini raTa dairRves Tanmimdevroba da<br />
CadeT konvertSi. mniSvnelovania, rom kompleqtebi<br />
erTmaneTd ar Seeiros!<br />
296 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
instruqciebi<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire jgufebad (3 an 4 monawile<br />
TiToeul jgufSi) da daurigeT TiToeul jgufs baraTebis erTi<br />
kompleqti<br />
2. sTxoveT maT daawyon baraTebi saxiT iatakze<br />
3. ganmarteT, rom baraTebze aRwerilia movlenebi da faqtebi 6<br />
adamianis uflebaTa aqtivistis cxovrebidan. TiToeuli jgufis<br />
amocanaa sworad Seusabamon es movlenebi Sesabamis personaJs da<br />
amdenad Camoayalibon TiToeuli monawilis mokle aRwera.<br />
4. ganmarteT, rom TiToeuli personaJis monacemebi aRwerilia 5<br />
baraTze (anu erTi baraTi a kompleqtidan, erTi b-dan, erTi g-dan,<br />
erTi d-dan, da erT e-dan ).<br />
5. sTxoveT jgufs amoirCion erT jerze erTi baraTi sanam isini ar<br />
gaTavdeba.<br />
6. mieciT monawileebs ramodenime wuTi TavianTi baraTebis Cumad<br />
wasakiTxad.<br />
7. Semdeg sTxoveT Seudgnen saqmes... mieciT TiToeul jgufs saSualeba<br />
SeimuSaon sakuTari strategia personaJebis Sesaqmnelad. maT am<br />
etapisTvis dasWirdebaT 15-20 wuTi.<br />
8. SekribeT yvela erTad da sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis<br />
warmomadgenels waradginos erT-erTi personaJi Tavis sakuTari<br />
sityvebiT. Semdeg igive gaimeoreT sxva jgufTan raTa TiToeuli<br />
personaJi srulad iqnas warmodgenili da TiToeulma jgufma<br />
Seamowmos, rom sworad aqvT ”nawilebi” SeerTebuli.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
1. ramdenad advili iyo savarjiSo da romeli strategiebi iqna<br />
gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva jgufebis mier TavianTi baraTebis<br />
asawyobad?<br />
2. romeli personaJis Sesaxeb hqondaT monawileebs gagonili manamdec<br />
da romeli iyo maTTvis axali? ratom iyo zogierTi personaJi<br />
ufro nacnobi vidre sxvebi?<br />
3. gaakvirva monawileebi romelime informaciam? ra iyo maTTvis<br />
yvelaze STambeWdavi?<br />
4. sTxoveT monawileebs airCion citata, romelic yvelaze axlos aris<br />
maTTan: rogor moiqceodnen Tavad igive situaciaSi rom<br />
aRmoCeniliyvnen?<br />
5. ra zomebi SeiZleboda mieRoT monawileebs?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
arsebobs uzarmazari informacia TiToeuli am personaJis Sesaxeb,<br />
xolo mowodebuli mokle biografiebi iZleva Zalian zedapirul (da<br />
subieqtur) Sexedulebas am Temaze. arsebobs agreTve aseulobiT sxva<br />
aqtivistebic, romlebic aseve SeiZleboda moxvedriliyvnen am siaSi –<br />
SerCeuli personaJebi warmodgenilia ubralod nimuSis ”saxiT” zogadi<br />
warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad da monawileebisaTvis temis gasacnobad.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
10 dekemberi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dRe<br />
297
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
rekomendirebulia am savarjiSos gagrZelebis saxiT monawileebs urCioT<br />
moipovon informacia adamianis uflebaTa sxva aqtivistebis Sesaxeb, raTa<br />
warmodgena SeeqmnaT im adamianebze, romlebsac istoriis manZilze Tavis<br />
wvlili SehqondaT adamianis uflebebisaTvis brZolaSi. jgufma SeiZleba<br />
daiwyos adamianis uflebaTa aqtivistebis sakuTari ”portretebis galereis”<br />
Seqmna. am savarjiSoSi warmodgenili 6 adamiani SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas<br />
am mimarTulebiT gadadgmul pirvel nabijad: fotoebi SeiZleba miakran<br />
baraTebze citatebTan da mokle biografiebTan erTad da gamofinon oTaxSi.<br />
jgufis TiToeul wevrs SeiZleba sTxovoT moiZoin informacia sxva<br />
aqtivistebis Sesaxeb da daamaton is portretebis galereas. aq<br />
warmodgenili 6-ive adamiani iyo samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebisaTvis<br />
mebrZoli, magram Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT uflebebis spqtris ganvrcoba<br />
da CarToT masSi socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebic. samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebaSi arsebobs azris gamoTqmis da uflebebisaTvis brZolis<br />
ramodenime arxi. Tu gsurT ufro dawvrilebiT gadaxedoT am sakiTxebs<br />
SegiZliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo ”kavSirebis damyareba” (gv. 213).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
moipoveT informacia zogierTi dRevandeli politpatimris an<br />
aqtivistis Sesaxeb – mag. romlebsac saerTaSoriso amnistia ”sindisis<br />
patimrebs” uwodebs. dawereT werili an moawyveT sainformacio kampania<br />
raTa sazogadoebas miawodoT informacia am patimris Sesaxeb da moaxdinoT<br />
zewola Sesabamis pirebze am patimrebis ganTavisuflebis mizniT.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
sasargeblo veb-saitebi, romlebzec gantavsebulia informacia adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sferos aqtivistebis Sesaxeb:<br />
www.speaktruthtopower.org<br />
www.universalrights.net/heroes<br />
www.globalyouthconnect.org<br />
www.hrw.org<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistiis didi britaneTis ganyofilebam Seqmna adamianis<br />
uflebaTa damcvelebis sakuTari istoriuli kedlis plakati, romelic<br />
SegiZliaT SeukveToT maT vebgverdze:<br />
www.amnesty.org.uk<br />
298 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dasarigebeli masala<br />
baraTebi diskusiisaTvis<br />
a<br />
„me vibrZodi TeTrkanianebis dominirebis winaaRmdeg<br />
da me vibrZodi Savkanianebis dominirebis<br />
winaaRmdegac. me vicavdi demokratiuli da<br />
Tavisufali sazogadoebis ideals, romelSic yvela<br />
adamiani cxovrobs erTad harmoniulad da<br />
Tanasworad. am idealisTvis Rirs romlisTvisac<br />
sicocxle da brZola. magram Tu saWiro iqneba me<br />
mzad var am dealisTvis movkvde”<br />
nelson mandela<br />
b<br />
daibada umtatas axlomdebare sofelSi da 76 wlis<br />
asakSi pirvel demokratiul arCevnebSi arCeul<br />
iqna samxreT afrikis respublikis prezidentad. am<br />
momentamde da mas Semdegac misi cxovrebis mizani<br />
iyo<br />
g<br />
aparteidis winaaRmdeg brZola, romelic<br />
warmoadgenda TeTrkanianTa yofili mTavrobis mier<br />
damkvidrebul rasistul sistemas Savkaniani<br />
mosaxleobis umravlesobis Cagvris rasistul<br />
sistemas. man gadaitana represiis mravali forma:<br />
mitingebis akrZalva, malvaSi yofna, da bolos<br />
d<br />
patimroba, da samudamo patimrobis misja 44 wlis<br />
asakSi. momdevno 28 weli man gaatara cixeSi,<br />
ojaxisgan da Svilebisgan Sors.<br />
e e<br />
a<br />
”garkveuli mtkivneuli magram amave dros<br />
damamSvidebeli Sexvedrebis dros, me TvalnaTliv<br />
davinaxe uecrad sulis siRrmidan rogor amoxeTqa<br />
yvirilma: ”es Cemi bralia” da am yviriliT rogor<br />
aRidgina pacientma ufleba sakuTari TavisTvis<br />
adamiani ewodebina”.<br />
evgenia ginzburgi<br />
b<br />
daibada ruseTSi 1906 w. da gardaicvala<br />
moskovSi 1977w. stalinis reJimis mier gayalbebul<br />
sasamarTlo procesze teroristis iarliyis<br />
mikvramde wynarad muSaobda maswavleblad da<br />
Jurnalistad. 18 weli gaatara<br />
g<br />
cimbiris sapatimro banakebSi ukidures<br />
pirobebSi, radganac uari ganacxada daedanaSaulebina<br />
sxvebi imaSi, rac arasodes CaudeniaT. pirveli weli<br />
gaatara izolirebul patimrobaSi bnel kameraSi,<br />
akrZaluli hqonda laparaki, gaseirneba, simRera, da<br />
dawolac ki dRis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
d<br />
mogvianebiT is erT-erTi patimris daxmarebisTvis<br />
dasajes da cimbiris erTi Sroma-gasworebiTi<br />
koloniidan gadaiyvanes meoreSi saidanac cota Tu<br />
brundeboda cocxali.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
299
a<br />
”me vocnebob, rom erT dRes es eri aRsdgeba da<br />
ganaxorcielebs Tavisi kredos WeSmarit<br />
daniSnulebas. „Cven viciT, rom yvela adamiani<br />
Seqmnilia Tanasworad“ me vocnebob, rom Cemi 4<br />
Svili erT dRes icxovrebs saxelmwifoSi, sadac<br />
isini ar iqnebian Sefasebuli kanis feris, aramed<br />
maTi pirovnuli Tvisebebis mixedviT“.<br />
martin luTer qingi<br />
b<br />
daibada 1929 w. atlantaSi, jorjias StatSi,<br />
rodesac moqmedi kanonis mixedviT Savkanianebs<br />
unda daekavebinaT specialurad maTTvis<br />
gankuTvnili adgilebi avtobusebSi, TeatrebSi da<br />
kinoebSi, wyali unda daeliaT calke<br />
Sadrevnebidan. 28 wlis asakSi is gaxda Tanadamaarsebeli<br />
g<br />
SavkanianTa eklesiis organizaciis, romelic<br />
mouwodebda rasobrivi segregaciis winaaRmdeg<br />
mimarTuli mSvidobiani gamosvlebis,<br />
demonstraciebis da<br />
boikotebisaken. organizaciam monawileoba miiRo<br />
birminhemis saprotesto aqciaSi, alabamaSi,<br />
romlis drosac asobiT momRerali bavSviT<br />
d<br />
aivso quCebi mxadaWeris niSnad. quCebSi gamoyvanil<br />
iqna policia ZaRlebiT da mexanZreebi<br />
brandspoitebiT. is dapatimrebuli iqna.<br />
e e<br />
a<br />
„ara-Zaladoba aris udidesi Zala, romelic<br />
kacobriobis gankargulebaSia. is kidev ufro<br />
Zlevamosilia vidre yvelaze ufro Zlevamosili<br />
ganadgurebis iaraRi Seqmnili adamianis gonebis<br />
mier“.<br />
mahaTma gandi<br />
b<br />
daibada 1869 w. indieli mSoblebis ojaxSi,<br />
romlebic cxovrobdnen gujaratSi rodesac<br />
indoeTi jer kidev britaneTis imperiis kolonia<br />
iyo. is uZRveboda amoukideblobisaTvis brZolas<br />
da arasodes uRalatia Tavis myari rwmenisaTvis<br />
g<br />
ara-Zaladobrivi protestsa da religiuri<br />
SemwynareblobaSi, miuxedavad mravalgzis<br />
dapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdisa. rodesac<br />
indoelebi erTmaneTis an britaneTis mmarTvelobis<br />
winaaRmdeg Zaladobas iyenebdnen, is SimSilobda<br />
sanam Zaladoba ar dasruldeboda. is win<br />
miuZRoda 241 milis manZilze gavlil marSs<br />
indoeTis teritoriaze da<br />
d<br />
daarwmuna misi momxreebi samagieros gadaxdis gareSe<br />
mieRoT policiis da jariskacebis sisastike. man<br />
cixeSi gaatara Tavisi sicocxlis 2338 dRe,<br />
romelsac dauRalavad uZRvnida mSvidobas.<br />
300 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
a<br />
„Cven ar vcdilobT gavanadguroT an davangrioT<br />
samxedro reJimi; es isini gvemuqrebian. rom<br />
gagvanadgureben Cven magram... Cveni moZraobis mizani<br />
aris SevqmnaT sazogadoeba, romelic usafrTxoebas<br />
sTavazobs mTel xalxs samxedroebis CaTvliT.<br />
aun san su CJi<br />
b<br />
daibada 1945 w. birmaSi. is iyo koloniuri<br />
mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli,<br />
damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi mokluli<br />
erovnuli gmiris Svili. gaxda demokratiisaTvis<br />
brZolis cnobili lideri<br />
g<br />
sastiki samxedro reJimis winaaRmdeg da kinaRam<br />
mokla jaris nawilma, romelsac ubrZanes misTvis<br />
daemiznebinaT iaraRi. misjili hqonda Sinapatimroba<br />
6 wlis ganmavlobaSi raime danaSaulSi braldebis<br />
gareSe da izolirebuli iyo mTeli gare<br />
samyarosagan. ganTavisuflebis Semdegac ki<br />
mTavrobam<br />
d<br />
aukrZala mas enaxa Tavisi momakvdavi meuRle. 2001 w.<br />
is kvlav gamoketes sakuTar binaSi mkacri<br />
kontrolis qveS da gadauWres telefonis xazebi.<br />
e e<br />
a<br />
„ra samwuxaroa, am sevdian simReras vugzavni maT,<br />
vinc patimrebs exmareba. es grZnobebi am bnel Jams<br />
– arasodes damaviwydeba saSineli wamebebi. da ar<br />
mouwevs arcerT moazroven arsebas gadaitnos cemi<br />
amJamindeli wameba.<br />
ngavang sangdroli<br />
b<br />
aris budisti monazoni, romelsac sjera, rom tibeti<br />
unda gaTavisufldes CineTisagan da romelic<br />
pirvelad 10 wlis asakSi iqna dapatimrebuli<br />
CineTis xelisuflebis mier. misi erTaderTi<br />
danaSauli iyo monawileoba<br />
g<br />
tibetis TavisuflebisaTvis organizebul mSvidobian<br />
demonstraciaSi. xelmeored dapatimrebul iqna 15<br />
wlis asakSi da miesaja 3 wliT Tavisuflebis<br />
aRkveTa. pirvelad sasjeli gaugrZelda cixeSi<br />
Tavisuflebisadmi miZRvnili simReris Sesrulebis<br />
gamo, Semdeg ki 8 wlis mere kvlav gaugrZelda<br />
sasjeli radgan is<br />
d<br />
cixis ezoSi wvimaSi mdgomi yviroda ”Tavisufleba<br />
tibets”. dRes mas awuxebs Tirkmelebi im wamebis<br />
Sedegad, romelic gadaitana.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
301
globalizacia<br />
socialuri uflebebi<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
150 wuTi<br />
frTxilad, Cven yvelafers vxedavT!<br />
ar arsebobs ufro uxeSi Secdoma, vidre ar gaakeTo araferi, radgan<br />
migaCnia, rom mxolod cotas gakeTeba SegiZlia.<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
globalizacia, socialuri uflebebi,<br />
moqalaqeoba.<br />
done 4<br />
nebismieri<br />
150 wuTi<br />
am savarjiSoSi monawileebi gegmaven sazogadoebis<br />
informirebisaken mimarTul kampanias<br />
transnacionaluri kompaniebis mier relokaciis<br />
SedegebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
yvela adamianis ufleba isargeblos samarTliani da<br />
xelsayreli samuSao pirobebiT.<br />
� profkavSirebis Seqmnis ufleba<br />
� socialuri dazRvevis ufleba<br />
transnacionaluri kompaniebis relokaciiT gamowveuli<br />
adgilobrivi da globaluri Sedegebis gaanalizeba<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi aqtivobis<br />
damkvidreba<br />
� Semoqmedebisa da fantaziis unaris stimulireba<br />
webovani furclebi, romlisganac monawileebs SeuZliaT<br />
gaakeTon iarliyebi da patara dasawepebeli furclebi<br />
kampaniis lozungebis gasakeTeblad.<br />
� didi zomis furclebi an dafis furclebi<br />
plakatebis gasakeTeblad<br />
� A4 zomis furclebi broSurebis gasakeTeblad<br />
(sasurvelia feradi furclebi)<br />
� lenti da webo<br />
� feradi markerebi da fanqrebi<br />
� makrateli<br />
� gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, broSurebi, da sxva<br />
beWdviTi masala suraTebis wyarod gamoyenebisaTvis<br />
gaakeTeT faqtobrivi cnobebis da kampaniis miznebis<br />
aslebi, erTi TiToeuli monawilisaTvis.<br />
302 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
qtomberi<br />
s Sesaxeb<br />
ormaciis<br />
riso dRe<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo Seexeba globalizacias da<br />
gansakuTrebuli aqcenti gakeTebulia transnacionaluri kompaniebis<br />
relokaciis praqtikaze.<br />
2. hkiTxeT monawileebs ra ician ukve am Temaze da maTi azriT rogor<br />
aris es gaSuqebuli mediaSi.<br />
3. ifiqreT, ra aris saWiro kargi sareklamo kampaniisaTvis?<br />
4. dayaviT monawileebi mcire 3-4 wevrian jgufebad<br />
5. moiyvaneT aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampaniis magaliTi,<br />
rogorc nimuSi kampaniisa, romelic cdilobs informacia miawodos<br />
mosaxleobas globalizaciis Sedegebis Sesaxeb da daurigeT maT<br />
faqtobrivi cnobebi.<br />
6. moawyveT scena savarjiSosTvis. uTxariT jgufs, rom maT unda<br />
warmoidginon rom arasamTavrobo organizaciam, aRmosavleT evropis<br />
sufTa tansacmlis kampaniam es-esaa miiRo granti evrosabWosgan.<br />
maSin rodesac manamde finansuri problemebis gamo mas uxdeboda<br />
mcire masStabis samuSaobis Sesruleba sul ramdenime qveyanaSi.<br />
axla ki kampaniis direqtorTa sabWom gadawyvita ganaaxlos da<br />
ganavrcos is evropis masStabiT. organizacias survili aqvs<br />
daiqiravos jgufi konsultantebad.<br />
7. daarigeT kampaniis miznebis aslebi (dasarigebeli masala 2).<br />
ganmarteT, rom kampaniam gTxovaT Tqven gaavrceloT es ZiriTadi<br />
informacia.<br />
8. yvela mcire jgufma unda SeimuSaos winadadebebi maT qveyanaSi<br />
kampaniis gavrcelebisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad maT unda Seqmnan mokle<br />
proeqti da moxazon winadadebebi mTeli kampaniisaTvis. Semdeg unda<br />
daazuston detalebi, rogor unda Seasrulon pirveli mizani, anu<br />
rogor miawodon informacia sazogadoebas. detaluri SemoTavazeba<br />
unda moicavdes:<br />
� Casatarebeli RonisZiebebis grafiks<br />
� SemoTavazebuli RonisZiebebis sias (koncertebi, tele da<br />
radio programebi, quCis speqtaklebi, broSurebi, da a.S. )<br />
� RonisZiebebis Catarebis adgilebi (skolebi, sazogadoebrivi<br />
TavSeyris adgilebi da a.S.)<br />
� saWiro TanamSromelTa raodenoba<br />
� sacdeli masala ( plakatebi da a.S.)<br />
9. xazi gausviT, rom SemoTavazebuli proeqti unda iyos mkafio da<br />
zusti. uTxariT monawileebs, rom arasamTavrobo organizacia Riaa<br />
yvela SemoTavazebisTvis gansakuTrebiT ki SemoqmedebiTi<br />
winadadebebisTvis, magram isini moiTxoven rom jgufma<br />
daakmayofilos is moTxovnebi, romlebic kampaniis miznebSia<br />
aRwerili da daasabuTon ra saSualebiT apireben maT miRwevas.<br />
mogvianebiT maT mouwevT am winadadebebis wardgena arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, raTa maT rekomendacia<br />
gauwion aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampaniis winaSe. maT<br />
60 wuTi aqvT proqtis mosamzadeblad.<br />
10. rodesac proeqtebis momzadeba dasruldeba moawyveT prezentacia.<br />
11. gaxseniT plenaruli sxdoma msjelobisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
303
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mokle mimoxilviT, rogor warimarTa savarjiSo. sTxoveT<br />
TiToeul jgufs gaakeTos komentari Tu rogor moxda amocanebis<br />
organizeba, da rogor imuSaves maT erTad. yvela iyo CarTuli procesSi?<br />
yvelas hqonda SegrZneba rom monawileobdnen? Semdeg gadadiT<br />
globalizaciis sakiTxebis ganxilvaze da ra iswavles monawileebma?<br />
� ra aris kompaniis relokaciis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Sedegebi?<br />
adgilobrivi dasaqmebis doneze? erovnul ekonomikaze? globalur<br />
ekonomikaze?<br />
� aqvT muSebs raime realuri arCevani samuSaos pirobebis miRebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT Tu ara?<br />
� vin agebs pasuxs am situaciaze?<br />
� ra SeiZleba da unda iyos gakeTebuli TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
dasaqmebulTa informirebisaTvis?<br />
� aris SemoTavazebulis msgavsi kampaniebi sasargeblo? ratom?<br />
� ris mixedviT aris kampania warmatebuli?<br />
� fiqrobT, rom organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben dasaqmebulTa<br />
uflebebis sferoSi, rogoricaa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,<br />
profkavSirebi, gaeros saagentoebi, anti-globalisturi<br />
organizaciebi, cvlian realurad raimes?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
informacia transnacionaluri kompaniebis relokaciis Sesaxeb ix.<br />
globalizaciis ZiriTadi informaciis nawilSi. vidre am savarjiSos<br />
Sesrulebas daiwyebdeT, SeamowmeT arsebobs Tu ara aRmosavleT evropis<br />
sufTa tansacmlis kampaniis filiali an msgavsi organizacia Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi.<br />
savarjiSos erT-erTi mizani aris monawileTa SemoqmedebiTi unaris<br />
stimulireba. amdenad, xazi unda gausvaT, rom maT Tavisuflad unda<br />
igrZnon Tavi nebismieri saxis kampaniis axali strategiebis ”gamogonebaSi”<br />
da yovelTvis axsovdeT, rom unda daakmayofilon arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciis mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi.<br />
instruqciebis me-10 punqtSi, e.i. roca jgufebi warmoadgenen TavianT<br />
namuSevars Tqven SegiZliaT SeasruloT aRmosavleT evropis sufTa<br />
tansacmlis kampaniis komisiis wevris roli. Tumca rekomendirebulia, rom<br />
ipovoT sxva xalxi, romlebic ar iyvnen jgufis muSaobaSi CarTuli. es<br />
savarjiSos ufro sainteresos xdis da iZleva diskusiis gaxsnis<br />
saSualebas, gansakuTrebiT Tu SesaZlebelia moiwvioT vinme arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciidan, vinc muSaobs globalizaciis sakiTxebze, an aris kampaniis<br />
monawile.<br />
Tu SegiZliaT „eqspertebis“ mowveva, kargi iqneba savarjiSos Sesruleba<br />
2 mecadineobaze. pirveli gamoiyeneT kampaniis masalebisaTvis, xolo meore<br />
diskusiisaTvis.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
304 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
daukavSirdiT aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampanias da<br />
ganaviTareT samuSao, romelic jgufma daiwyo.<br />
Tu jgufs survili aqvs gaagrZelos socialur da samsaxurebriv<br />
uflebebeze muSaoba SeuZliaT Seasrulon savarjiSo „aSikis istoria“ (gv.<br />
100), romelic ganixilavs bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebis sakiTxebs.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
faqtobrivi cnobebi: aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampania<br />
aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampania aris qseli, romelic Seiqmna niderlandebSi<br />
1990 w. da miznad isaxavda samuSao pirobebis Seqmnas sportis tansacmlis globalur<br />
industriaSi. axla ukve aRmosavleT evropis sufTa tansacmlis kampania daaxloebiT 10<br />
aRmosavleT evropis qveyanaSi arsebobs, sadac TiToeuli maTgani aris momxmarebelTa<br />
organizaciebis, profkavSirebis, adamianis uflebebis da qalTa uflebebis organizaciebis,<br />
mkvlevarebis, solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis organizaciebis da aqtivistebis koalicia.<br />
udidesi samsaxurebrivi problemebia:<br />
� dabali anazRaureba<br />
� SromiTi urTierTobebis mouwesrigebloba, (araviTari kontraqti, araregularuli samuSao<br />
adgilebi, iZulebiTi da aunazRaurebeli gadaWarbebiT muSaoba, da a.S.)<br />
� organizebaze uaris Tqma (muSaTa aqtivistebis daSineba)<br />
kampaniis miznebi<br />
kampaniis miznebi unda iyos:<br />
� farTo sazogadoebis informireba mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb, raTa mopovebuli iqnas<br />
mxardaWera kampaniisaTvis.<br />
� konkretuli magaliTebis safuZvelze globalizaciis im Sedegebis Cveneba, romlebic arRvevs<br />
adamianis uflebebs.<br />
� kompaniebze zewolis ganxorcieleba, raTa gaumjobesdes muSebis uflebebis pativiscema maT<br />
uflebebze informaciis gavrcelebis saSualebiT.<br />
adamianebis, organizaciebis da institutebis qselis amoqmedeba, romlebic ibrZvian amave<br />
miznebisaTvis.<br />
`yvela Tanaswori – yvela gansxvavebuli~<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
305
diskriminacia<br />
adamianis zog. uflebebi<br />
globalizacia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
6-60<br />
40 wuTi<br />
“yvela adamiani universalurad Tanasworuflebiania da specifiurad<br />
gansxvavebuli. Uuniversaluri Tanasworuflebianoba da specifiuri<br />
gansxvaveba pativiscemas moiTxovs”.<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, globalizacia<br />
done 2<br />
6 – 60<br />
40 wuTi<br />
es aris mokle viqtorinis msgavsi sakmaod<br />
provokaciuli savarjiSo, rac mas TavisTavad<br />
sainteresos xdis, magram amave dros is<br />
warmoadgens farTo diskusiis safuZvels<br />
jgufisaTvis.<br />
Tanabari Rirsebis ufleba<br />
� uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ufleba<br />
rasobrivi, kanis feris, religiuri, sqesobrivi da<br />
nebismieri sxva saxis SezRudvebis gareSe.<br />
� moqalaqeobis ufleba<br />
adamianis uflebebis universalobis ganxilva<br />
� monawileebis mier sakuTari eTnocentrizmis<br />
gaazreba da prekoncefciebis danaxva sakuTar<br />
TavSi da sxvebSi.<br />
� informaciis damoukidebeli da kritikuli<br />
aRqmis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.<br />
dasarigebeli teqstobrivi masala<br />
� didi zomis furceli (A3), an dafis furceli<br />
da markerebi (arCeviT)<br />
gaakeTeT dasarigebeli masalis erTi asli yoveli<br />
monawilisaTvis. alternatiuli varianti aris misi dawera<br />
dafaze, an ekranze Cveneba. (darwmundiT, rom yvela xedavs mas)<br />
1. auxseniT monawileebs, rom es savarjiSo aris viqtorinis msgavsi<br />
magram misi mizani ar aris gamarjvebulis an damarcxebulis<br />
gamovlena _ es mxolod sawyisi wertilia<br />
2. daarigeT an aCveneT ekranze citatebi. mieciT monawileebs 5 wuTi<br />
maT wasakiTxad.<br />
3. Semdeg sTxoveT maT individualurad gadawyviton:<br />
a. pirveli teqstis wyaro; romeli wignidan an dokumentidan aris<br />
nawyveti amoRebuli?<br />
b. romeli qveynidan/regionidan aris meore teqstis avtori?<br />
4. rodesac yvelas mzad eqneba pasuxebi, sTxoveT monawileebs<br />
daiyon mcire, daaxloebiT 3-wevrian jgufebad. mieciT maT 20<br />
wuTi gaanalizon da imsjelon TavianT arCevanze. maT unda<br />
306 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
21 ivnisi<br />
dobisa da<br />
locvis<br />
iso dRe<br />
ifiqron Semdeg sakiTxebze da Tu SesaZlebelia ipovon<br />
koleqtiuri pasuxi:<br />
� ratom airCies zustad es pasuxi da ara sxva?<br />
� ras amboben es teqstebi maTi avtorebis Sesaxeb?<br />
� ras fiqroben am teqstebis Sesaxeb?<br />
5. rodesac jgufebi morCebian msjelobas, SeikribeT plenarul<br />
sxdomaze da SekribeT pasuxebi a) SekiTxvaze TiToeuli jgufidan.<br />
sTxoveT jgufebs ganmarton amgvari pasuxis mizezebi. Semdeg<br />
gaimeoreT pasuxebis Segrovebis procedura b) SekiTxvaze.<br />
6. gaamJRavneT avtori, espaneli said-al-andaluzi da gadadiT<br />
analizze da Sefasebaze.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT Tavad savarjiSos mokle mimoxilviT da Semdeg, Tu fiqrobT,<br />
rom jgufi mzadaa amisaTvis, gaacaniT maT prekoncefciebisa da<br />
eTnocentrizmis arsi. imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze (plenarul sxdomaze, an<br />
Tu saWiroa, mcire jgufebSi).<br />
� gaakvirva monawileebi avtoris warmoSobam?<br />
� rogor miiRes monawileebma damoukidebeli gadawyvetileba?<br />
ubralod cdilobdnen gamoecnoT? intuiciiT? Tu realurad<br />
icodnen avtori?<br />
� Seicvales monawileebma azri TavianTi arCevanis Sesaxeb mcire<br />
jgufebSi diskusiis Sedegad? ram Seacvlevina maT azri? ubralod<br />
zewolam? myarma argumentebma?<br />
� rogor icavdnen monawileebi TavianT arCevans mcire jgufebSi<br />
diskusiis dros? myarad idgnen TavianT poziciebze Tu meryeobdnen?<br />
� ratom aRwers Crdiloel xalxs avtori imgvarad, rogorc es<br />
teqstSia?<br />
� ra miniSnebebs iZleva meore teqsti avtoris, misi Sexedulebebisa<br />
da kulturis Sesaxeb?<br />
� ramdenad aris avtoris Sexeduleba misi eTnocentristuli an<br />
prekoncefciuli azrovnebis Sedegi? an iqneba samarTliani Tuki<br />
vityviT, rom garkveul dros CrdiloeT evropis kulturebi<br />
naklebad „civlizebuli“ iyo vidre avtoris kultura?<br />
� SeuZliaT monawileebs moiyvanon magaliTebi, sakuTari<br />
gamocdilebidan an wakiTxuli wignebidan? rogori SeiZleba iyos<br />
SegrZneba rodesac naklebad srulfasovan adamianad gTvlian?<br />
� ra Sedegebi mohyveba, rodesac adamianebi ar fasdebian sakuTari<br />
Rirsebebis Sesabamisad? SeuZliaT gaixsenon magaliTebi istoriidan?<br />
awmyodan?<br />
� ra unda gavakeToT, rom prekoncefciebis Sedegebs davupirispirdeT?<br />
� arseboben monawileebis qveynebSi, an regionebSi xalxi, romlebic<br />
aseve arian prekoncefciis obieqti? vin aris es xalxi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
nawyvetebi amoRebulia andaluziis qalaq kordovas (amJamindeli<br />
espaneTi) cnobili swavlulis wignidan. said-al-andaluzi daibada 1029<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
307
qristes Sobamde. igi saxelganTqmuli iyo Tavis sibrZniTa da codniT.<br />
misTvis civilizacia da mecniereba mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli wminda<br />
yuranis codnasTan. is ganswavluli iyo ara mxolod religiaSi, aramed<br />
aseve brwyinvaled icoda arabuli literatura, medicina, maTematika,<br />
astronomia da sxva mecnierebebi.<br />
saWiroa gavixsenoT, rom am dros xmelTaSua zRvis auzi da,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, mis garSemo arsebuli arabuli samefoebi, warmoadgenda<br />
„civilizaciis“ centrs. „CrdiloeTSi“, rogorc saidi mas uwodebs codna<br />
iseTive maRal doneze ar iyo CrdiloeT evropaSi, rogorc arabul<br />
samyaroSi, sparseTSi, CineTSi da indoeTSi.<br />
gaxsovdeT, rom jgufidan gamomdinare SeiZleba dagWirdeT<br />
monawileebisTvis garkveuli informaciis miwodeba Tu rogor waikiTxon<br />
teqstebi ufro kritikulad. SesaZloa miuTiToT, rom meore teqsti<br />
faqtiurad bevrs amJRavnebs avtoris misi garegnobis, kulturis Sesaxeb,<br />
mag. rom mas unda hqonoda xveuli Tma da muqi feris kani. kritikuli<br />
kiTxvis unari gulisxmobs ara mxolod teqstis Sinaarsis gagebas, aramed<br />
misi konteqstis Sesaxeb dafiqrebas, vin aris avtori, da ratom wers ase<br />
da ara sxvagvarad. amis gacnobiereba aris mniSvnelovani nabiji imis<br />
gasagebad Tu rogor unda moxdes nebismieri saxis teqstis (istoria, axali<br />
ambebi, poemebi, simRerebi, da a.S.) wakiTxva da im faseulobebis gaazreba,<br />
romelsac isini atareben.<br />
eTnocentrizmis sakiTxis gacnobis erT-erTi gza aris monawileebisaTvis<br />
miTiTeba, rom avtori –xveuli TmebiT da muqi kaniT aris `ucxos~ kargi<br />
magaliTi, anu adamianis, romelsac evropelTa umravlesoba ar CaTvliTa<br />
normalurad. aseve mniSvnelovania diskusiis saSualebiT daexmaroT<br />
monawileebs gaiazron, rom kulturologiuri gansxvaveba xalxs ar xdis<br />
sxvebTan SedarebiT „ukeTess“ an „uaress“. aseve unda miuTiToT, rom Znelia<br />
ar gansajo sxvebi prekoncefciebis gareSe, radganac Cven „normis“ Cveneul,<br />
Cveni kulturidan gamomdinare xedvas veyrdnobiT. amis Sefaseba – Cveni<br />
sakuTari eTnocentrizmis – aris mniSvnelovani nabiji sxvebSi maTi<br />
Secnobisa da aRiarebisaken da sxva kulturis xalxebTan warmatebuli<br />
urTierTobisaken.<br />
savarjiSos dasasruls moitoveT dro wamoWrili sakiTxebis da ideebis<br />
Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis. mag. Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT gaanalizeba an<br />
msjeloba istoriis swavlebis Sesaxeb da realurad ramdenad bevrs (an<br />
cotas) vswavlobT Cven evropaSi sxva kulturebis Sesaxeb.<br />
SeniSvna: nawyvetebi amoRebulia „erebis kategoris wignidan - mecniereba<br />
Suasaukuneebis samyaroSi“. avtori said al-andaluzi, Targmani sema‘an i.<br />
salemi da alok kumari. texasis universitetis gamocema, ostini 1991.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
Tu survili gaqvT ufro Rrmad CaixedoT adamianis uflebaTa<br />
universalobaSi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT savarjiSo „inscenireba“ (gv. 201),<br />
308 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
omelic damyarebulia SemoqmedebiT midgomasa da sasceno xelovnebis<br />
elementebze.<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
viqtorina „yvela Tanaswori – yvela gansxvavebuli:<br />
1. ra aris Semdegi teqstis wyaro? ra wignidan an dokumentidan aris nawyveti?<br />
“yvela adamiani mTel dedamiwaze aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisaken, CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken<br />
warmoadgens erT jgufs; (isini) sami niSnis mixedviT gansxvavdebian: qceva, garegnoba da ena.”<br />
amoirCieT erT-erTi Semdegi SesaZlo pasuxebidan:<br />
� iuneskos deklaracia rasizmis Sesaxeb,<br />
1978<br />
� herodotes “istoria”, 440 Cv.w.a.<br />
� induri vedebi, daax. 1.000 Cv.w.a.<br />
2. romeli qveynidan/regionidan aris am teqstis avtori?<br />
“ (evropis) ukidures CrdiloeTSi mcxovreblebs tanjavs mzis siSore. maTi haeri civia da maTi<br />
ca Rrubliani. Sedegad, maTi temperamenti civia da maTi qceva uxeSi. amis gamo maTi sxeulebi<br />
didi zomisaa, kanis feri TeTri da maTi Tma swori. maT dakarges SorsmWvretelobis unari da<br />
aRqmis simkveTre. maT sruliad daeufla umecreba da sizarmace, da daRlilobam da<br />
sulelurma azrebma Seipyro”.<br />
amoirCieT erT-erTi Semdegi SesaZlo pasuxebidan:<br />
�CineTi ��evropa ��indoeTi ��afrika ��sparseTi ��arcerTi zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
muxli 1 adamianTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis axalgazrdebis mier SemoTavazebuli deklaracia. deklaracia Seiqmna 80<br />
sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgeneli 500 axalgazrdis mier strasburgSi evropis sasaxleSi organizacia `Humains<br />
Associes~ (`asocirebuli xalxi~) da 1989 wlis 26 agvistos deklaraciis asociaciis iniciativiT (AD 89).<br />
www.humains-associes.org<br />
SeiZleba Semovide?<br />
ltolvilebo, wadiT saxlSi! wavidodnen rom SeeZloT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
� “yvela Tanaswori – yvela gansxvavebuli”<br />
axalgazrduli kampania, evrosabWo, 1996.<br />
� said al-andaluzi, 1029 Cv.w.a.<br />
� arcerTi zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
309
adamianis usafrTxoeba<br />
diskriminacia<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
6-20<br />
60 wuTi<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
adamianis piradi usafrTxoeba, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia, mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
done 3<br />
6 - 20<br />
60 wuTi<br />
es aris ltolvilTa jgufis roluri gaTamaSeba, romlebic<br />
cdiloben gaiqcnen sxva qveyanaSi. da exeba:<br />
� ltolvilebis uflebebs<br />
� TavSesafris micemis, an masze uaris Tqmis socialur<br />
da ekonomikur argumentebs<br />
� sxva qveyanaSi devnisagan TavSesafris Ziebis da<br />
miRebis ufleba<br />
gausaxleblobis ufleba (ltolvilebis ufleba, ar iyvnen<br />
deportirebulebi TavianT qveyanaSi, sadac maT emuqrebaT devna<br />
an sikvdili)<br />
� diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba<br />
� codnis gaRrmaveba ltolvilebisa da maTi<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
TavSesafris micemis, an masze uaris Tqmis socialuri da<br />
ekonomikuri argumentebis gaazreba<br />
� solidarobis gamoxatva im adamianebis mimarT, visac<br />
moulodnelad mouxda sakuTari saxlis mitoveba<br />
baraTi-rolebi<br />
carci, an aveji sasazRvro-makontrolirebeli punqtis<br />
gasakeTeblad<br />
� kalmistrebi<br />
� furclebi<br />
� gaavrceleT sainformacio furceli yvela<br />
monawilisaTvis.<br />
� moamzadeT roli-baraTebis aslebi saimigracio<br />
oficris, ltolvilisa da damkvirveblisaTvis.<br />
moamzadeT scena rolebis SesrulebisaTvis. magaliTad,<br />
gaavleT xazi iatakze sazRvris imitirebisaTvis, an daawyveT<br />
aveji ise, rom fizikurad Seiqmnas sazRvari, iqve ganTavsebuli<br />
sasazRvro postiT. saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromelTaTvis<br />
dadgiT magida da gaakeTeT sazRvris gadakveTis, sabaJo<br />
gadasaxadebisa da sxva procedurebis aRmniSvneli warwerebi.<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom es aris ltolvilTa jgufis roluri gaTamaSeba,<br />
romlebic toveben TavinaT samSoblos da usafrTxoebis<br />
mosapoveblad surT SeaRwion sxva qveyanaSi.<br />
2. gaarkvieT, ra ician monawileebma ltolvilebis Sesaxeb. CamowereT<br />
punqtebi didi zomis furclebze an dafaze, raTa mogvianebiT<br />
gamoiyenoT diskusiis msvlelobisas.<br />
3. monawileebs aCveneT moqmedebis adgili (oTaxi) da waikiTxeT<br />
Semdegi teqsti: “X da Y qveynebs Soris sazRvarze bneli, civi da<br />
nestiani Ramea. ltolvilebis didi jgufi Camovida X qveynidan<br />
omisagan Tavis dasaRwevad. maT undaT Y qveyanaSi SeRweva.<br />
ltolvilebi daRlilebi, mSivrebi da gayinulebi arian. fuli ara<br />
310 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesan<br />
TariRi<br />
20 ivnisi<br />
ltolvilT<br />
saerTaSori
aqvT da pasportebis garda, araviTari dokumenti ar gaaCniaT. Y<br />
qveynis saimigracio samsaxuris warmomadgenlebi gansxvavebuli azris<br />
arian - zogi Tanaxmaa sazRvris gadakveTis neba darTos<br />
ltolvilebs, zogi ki ara. ltolvilebi sasowarkveTilebi arian da<br />
sxvadasxva arguments iSvelieben saimigracio sasmasxuris<br />
TanamSromlebis dasarwmuneblad.”<br />
4. dayaviT monawileebi Tanabar jgufebad. erTi jgufi warmoadgens X<br />
qveynis ltolvilebs, meore Y qveynis saimigracio samsaxuris<br />
TanamSromlebs, xolo mesame, _ damkvirvebelTa jgufia.<br />
5. uTxariT “ltolvilebs” da “saimigracio samsaxuris<br />
TanamSromlebs”, gansazRvron TiToeuli monawilis roli da<br />
moifiqron Sesabamisi argumentebi. daurigeT masala da mieciT 15<br />
wuTi mosamzadeblad.<br />
6. daiwyeT rolis Sesruleba. daeyrdeniT sakuTari gansjis unars<br />
TamaSis dasrulebis drois SerCevisaTvis, magram daaxloebiT 10<br />
wuTi sakmarisi dro iqneba.<br />
7. mieciT monawileebs 5 wuTi komentarebis mosamzadeblad.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Tavdapirvelad sTxoveT damkvirveblebs warmoadginon TavianTi<br />
mosazrebebi TamaSis Sesaxeb mTlianobaSi. amis Semdeg, moismineT Tavad<br />
moTamaSeebis komentarebi, _ Tu rogor grZnobdnen Tavs ltolvilis, an<br />
saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlis rolis Sesrulebis dros da gadadiT<br />
sakiTxebis zogad mimoxilvaze, gaarkvieT, Tu ra iswavles monawileebma.<br />
� ramdenad samarTliani iyo ltolvilebis mimarT mopyroba?<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 14 muxlisa da 1951<br />
wlis ltolvilebis statusis konvenciis mixedviT ltolvilebs<br />
aqvT dacvis ufleba. miecaT ltolvilebs TavianTi dacvis<br />
ufleba? ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� yvela qveyanas unda hqondes ufleba uari uTxras ltolvilebs<br />
miRebaze?<br />
� rogor moiqceodiT saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromeli rom<br />
yofiliyaviT? da Tuki gecodinebodaT, rom maT sikvdili moelodaT<br />
Tavis qveyanaSi?<br />
� ra saxis problemebs awydebian ltolvilebi Tqven qveyanaSi<br />
Semosvlis Semdeg?<br />
� ra unda gakeTdes zogierTi im problemis gadasaWrelad, romelic<br />
dakavSirebulia ltolvilebis miRebasTan?<br />
� arian qveynis SigniT adgilnacvali pirebi Tqven qveyanaSi? an<br />
mezobel qveyanaSi?<br />
� ra SeiZleba da ra unda gakeTdes pirvel rigSi imisaTvis, rom<br />
adamianebi ar iqcnen ltolvilebad?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
gamoiyeneT “gonebrivi Sturmis” meTodi imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra ician<br />
monawileebma ltolvilebis arsebobis mizezebis Sesaxeb, ra aiZulebs maT<br />
datovon samSoblo, saidan modian da saiT midian. es dagexmarebaT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
311
gadawyvitoT, rogor warmarToT analizi da Sefaseba da ra saxis<br />
damatebiTi informacia SeiZleba dagWirdeT am etapze.<br />
moifiqreT, rogor moiqceviT, Tu jgufis romelime wevri ltolvili<br />
aRmoCndeba. SesaZloa isini ar unda daeswron ltolvilebis scenis<br />
gaTamaSebas, Tuki metismetad mware da mtkivneuli mogonobebi da<br />
gamocdileba aqvT.<br />
ar aris aucilebeli samive jgufi Tanabari iyos. magaliTad, SegiZliaT<br />
airCioT mxolod sami, an oTxi damkvirvebeli, xolo danarCenebs misceT<br />
aqtiuri TamaSis saSualeba.<br />
SeiZleba gadawyvitoT damkvirvebelebisaTvis damatebiTi informaciis<br />
aslebis micema, raTa gaecnon ltolvilebis uflebebs, vidre danarCenebi<br />
emzadebian rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis.<br />
moqmedeba xdeba bnel, civ da nestian Rames. ase rom, iqneb jobia<br />
CaaqroT sinaTle da gaaRoT fanjrebi rolebis gaTamaSebis dros?<br />
ltolvilebis jgufSi meti damajereblobis SetanisaTvis sazRvarze<br />
SegiZliaT gaakeToT warwerebi ucxo (an gamogonebul) enaze. ar<br />
dagaviwydeT mokled gaacnoT meore jgufis saimigracio samsaxuris<br />
warmomadgenelebs warwerebis Sinaarsi!<br />
SeniSvna: es savarjiSo adaptirebuli iqna wignidan “pirveli nabijebi”:<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelos dawyebiTi kursi, saerTaSoriso<br />
amnistia, londoni, 1997. citata: “ltolvilebo wadiT saxlSi! wavidodnen rom<br />
SeeZloT” iyo gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis kampaniis lozungi.<br />
variantebi<br />
Tavdapirvelad SeasruleT rolebis gaTamaSeba, magram, amjerad,<br />
“ltolvilebsa” da “saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlebs” gaacvlevineT<br />
rolebi. damkvirveblebs daumateT erTi davaleba: maT unda SeniSnon<br />
nebismieri gansxvaveba pirvel da meore gaTamaSebas Soris, gansakuTrebiT, is<br />
cvlilebebi, romlebic ltolvilebis uflebebis ukeTesad dacvas<br />
uzrunvelyofs.<br />
SeasruleT kidev erTi rolebis gaTamaSeba X qveynis ltolvilebis<br />
dasaxmareblad gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis mier<br />
gamogzavnili oficialuri jgufis monawileobiT. klasma SeiZleba<br />
moindomos sakiTxSi ufro Rrmad Caxedva da gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi<br />
komisariatis rolis garkveva (www.unhcr.ch) da Semdeg “oficialuri<br />
moxsenebis” dawera Semdegi punqtebis gaSuqebiT:<br />
� argumentebi, romlebmac yvelaze metad daarwmunes saimigracio<br />
samsaxuris warmomadgenlebi ltolvilebis qveyanaSi SeSvebis<br />
saWiroebaSi<br />
� saimigracio samsaxuris warmomadgenlebis nebismieri araswori<br />
saqcieli<br />
� rekomendaciebi ra unda gaakeTos Y qveyanam ltolvilebis<br />
uflebebis dasacavad.<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moiZieT informacia Tqven qveyanaSi arsebuli ltolvilebis,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki maTi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis realobis Sesaxeb.<br />
312 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
monawileebs SeuZliaT daukavrSirdnen adgilobriv ltolvilTa asociacias<br />
da gaesaubron TanamSromlebsa da ltolvilebs.<br />
Tu gsurT SeasruloT savarjiSo, romelic asaxavs movlenebs mas Semdeg,<br />
rac ltolvilebma sazRvari gadakveTes da akeTeben ganacxads TavSesafris<br />
moTxovniT, SegiliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo “enobrivi barieri” (gv.<br />
177).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
daukavSirdiT adgilobriv da erovnul organizaciebs romlebic<br />
muSaoben Tqveni qveynis mier Sefarebuli ltolvilebis sakiTxebze da<br />
gadaxedeT, riT SegiZliaT daexmaroT maT. magaliTad, SeiZleba sWirdebaT<br />
xalxi ltolvilTaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis nivTebis Sesagroveblad.<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
yovelwliurad, milionobiT adamians uxdeba TavianTi saxlebisa da<br />
qveynis datoveba, omebisa da devnis Sedegad. es xalxi xdebian ltolvilebi.<br />
maT uxdebaT samSoblosa da qonebis datoveba. am gadaadgilebis dros,<br />
xSirad, xdeba ojaxis wevrebis gancalkeveba. zogierTi ltolvili<br />
veRarasodes ubrundeba mSobliur keras.<br />
ltolvilebis umravlesoba TavSesafars mezobel qveynebSi eZebs.<br />
xanmokle periodSi ltolvilTa didi raodenobiT mozRvavebas, masiuri dena<br />
ewodeba. sxva ltolvilebs ki mouxdebaT didi manZilis gadalaxva<br />
usafrTxoebis ZiebaSi da TavianTi mSobliuri miwidan daSorebul<br />
aeroportebsa da sazRvao portebSi gaCereba.<br />
1951 w. gaerom miiRo konvencia ltolvilebis statusis Sesaxeb,<br />
romelsac dReisaTvis msoflios qveynebis naxevarze meti SeuerTda.<br />
arsebobs, aseve, gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariati, romelic<br />
akontrolebs konvenciis ganxorcielebas da daxmarebas uwevs ltolvilebs,<br />
ZiriTadad humanitaruli saxis daxmarebas.<br />
konvenciis Tanaxmad, ltolvilia is pirovneba, vinc datova samSoblo<br />
da ar SeuZlia ukan daruneba, vinaidan SiSobs, rom iq moelis devna<br />
rasobrivi, religiuri, erovnuli, romelime socialuri jufis wevrobis an<br />
politikuri mosazrebebis gamo. ltolvilebis dacvis ZiriTadi meqanizmia<br />
ufleba, ar moxdes maTi dabruneda sakuTar qveynebSi, sadac arsebobs<br />
devnisa da sikvdilis riski. es principi vrceldeba maSinac, rodesac<br />
mTavrobas surs ltolvilebi gagzavnos romelime mesame qveyanaSi, saidanac<br />
isini SeiZleba daabrunon samSobloSi.<br />
mTavrobebis movaleobaa moisminon ltolvilebis pretenziebi, romlebic<br />
eZeben TavSesafars. es principi exeba yvela saxelmwifos, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
aqvs Tu ara qveyanas 1951 wlis konvencia ratificirebuli. es konvencia<br />
acxadebs, rom ltolvilebi daculni unda iyvnen diskriminaciisagan da<br />
sruli uflebebiT unda sargeblobdnen im qveynebSi, sadac usafrTxod<br />
grZnoben Tavs.<br />
Tumca qveynebs Soris arsebobs uTanxmoeba imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin aris<br />
“namdvili” ltolvili. mdidari qveynebi, xSirad, acxadeben, rom<br />
ltolvilebi ar arian Cagvris msxverplni, maT ubralod undaT ukeTesad<br />
cxovreba. aseT xalxs “ekonomikur migrantebs” eZaxian. mTavrobebi, xSirad,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
313
amtkiceben, rom ltolvilebis SeSfoTeba da SiSi umeteswilad<br />
gadaWarbebulia, an ar Seesabameba realobas.<br />
ltolvilTa raodenoba mTel msoflioSi<br />
regioni (2000 w. 1 ianvars) ltolvilTa raodenoba<br />
afrika 3 523 250<br />
azia 4 781 750<br />
evropa 2 608 308<br />
laTinuri amerika da karibis auzis qveynebi 61 200<br />
CrdiloeT amerika 636 300<br />
okeaneTi 64 500<br />
sul 11 675 380<br />
314 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
informaciis wyaro: ltolvilebis raodenoba, 2000 wlis gamocema, gaeros ltolvilTa umRlesi komisariatis beWdviT
eli masala<br />
ltolvilTa ZiriTadi jgufebis warmomavloba 1999 wels<br />
qveyana qyveynebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen<br />
ltolvilebis TavSesafars<br />
ltolvilTa warmomavloba romel qveynebSi midian?<br />
avRaneTi<br />
irani/pakistani/indoeTi<br />
erayi<br />
irani/saudis arabeTi/siria<br />
burundia<br />
tanzania/kongos demokr. r.<br />
siera leone gvinea/liberia/gambia<br />
somali<br />
eTiopia/kenia/iemeni/jibuti<br />
bosnia hercogovina iugoslavia/xorvatia/slovakeTi<br />
angola<br />
zambia/ kongos demokratiuli<br />
xorvatia<br />
respublika/kongo<br />
iugoslavia/bosnia-hercogovina<br />
ltolvilTa<br />
raodenoba<br />
2 562 000<br />
572 500<br />
525 700<br />
487 200<br />
451 600<br />
448 700<br />
350 600<br />
340 400<br />
wyaro: ltolvilebis raodenoba, 2000 wlis gamocema, gaeros ltolvilTa umRlesi komisariati beWdviTi masala<br />
qveynis SigniT gadanacvlebuli pirebi<br />
yvela pirovneba, visac mouxda sakuTari ojaxis datoveba, ar midis sxva qveyanaSi. maT qveynis SigniT<br />
gadanacvlebuli pirebi ewodebaT da warmoadgenen gadanacvebuli pirebis yvelaze swrafad mzard jgufs<br />
mTel msoflioSi. evropaSi qveynis SigniT gadanacvlebuli pirebis ricxvi (3 252 300) gacilebiT<br />
maRalia, vidre ltolvilebis raodenoba (2 608 380) da ZiriTadad koncentrirebuli arian bosniahercogovinasa<br />
da yofil sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi. ltolvilebisagan gansxvavebiT maT ar icavs<br />
saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba da arc sxvadasxva daxmarebis miRebis ufleba aqvT. dawyebulia farTo<br />
saerTaSoriso debatebi imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra aris qveynis SigniT gadanacvlebuli pirebisaTvis<br />
daxmarebis aRmoCenis saukeTeso gza da vin agebs pasuxs maT keTildReobaze. gaeros ltolvilTa<br />
umaRlesi komisariati, gaeros generaluri mdivnis moTxovnis SemTxvevvaSi, garkveul daxmarebas aRmouCens<br />
qveynis SigniT gadanacvlebuli pirebis garkveul jgufebs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
315
ltolvilis baraTi-roli<br />
ltolvilis argumentebi da arCevani<br />
unda moamzadoT sakuTari argumentebi da<br />
strategia; Tqveni gadasawyvetia<br />
argumentebi jgufurad warmoadginoT<br />
Tu individualurad. individualuri<br />
argumentacia gulisxmobs<br />
pasuxismgeblobas<br />
SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT es argumentebi da<br />
aseve moifiqroT sakuTari:<br />
� Cven gvaqvs ufleba miviRoT<br />
TavSesafari<br />
� Cveni Svilebs SiaT. Tqven moraluri<br />
pasuxismgebloba gakisriaT Cven<br />
daxmarebaze<br />
� Tu ukan davbrundebiT mogvkvlaven<br />
� Cven fuli ara gvaqvs<br />
� sxvagan wasasvleli ar gagvaCnia<br />
� Cem qalaqSi me eqimi viyavi<br />
� Cven viTxovT TavSesafars vidre<br />
dabruneba usafrTxo iqneba<br />
� Tqvenma qveyanam sxva ltolvilebs<br />
misca TavSesafari<br />
rolebis gaTamaSebamde ifiqreT Semdeg<br />
variantebze:<br />
� gaiyofiT Tu amas saimigracio<br />
samsaxuris TanamSromeli moiTxovs?<br />
� dabrundebiT saxlSi Tu isini<br />
ecdebian ukan gagagzavnon?<br />
Tqven mogiwevT ltolvilTa Sereuli<br />
jgufebis rolis Sesruleba, ase rom,<br />
mosamzadebel periodSi yvela<br />
monawilem unda airCios asaki, sqesi,<br />
ojaxuri statusi, profesia, qonebrivi<br />
statusi, religia da Tan wamoRebuli<br />
qoneba.<br />
damkvirveblis baraTi – roli<br />
saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlis baraTiroli<br />
saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlis argumentebi da<br />
arCevani<br />
unda moamzadoT argumentebi da CamoayaliboT strategia; unda<br />
gadawyvitoT, argumentebs jgufis saxeliT warmoadgenT Tu<br />
TiToeuli monawile aiRebs pirad pasuxismgeblobas Tavisi<br />
daskvnebis warmodgeniT.<br />
SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT CamoTvlili argumentebi an moifiqroT<br />
sakuTari:<br />
� isini sasowarkveTilni arian: Cven ar SegviZlia maTi ukan gagzavna<br />
� Tu ukan davabrunebT Cven pasuxismgebeli viqnebiT maT<br />
dapatimrebaze, wamebaze an sikvdilze.<br />
� Cveni moraluri valia ltolvilebis miReba<br />
� maT ar gaaCniaT fuli da amitomac dasWirdebaT saxelmwifos<br />
mxardaWera. Cven qveyanas amis saSualeba ara aqvs.<br />
� SeuZiliaT daamtkicon rom namdvilad ltolvilebi arian? Tu<br />
ubralod ukeTesi cxovrebis saZieblad arian wamosuli?<br />
� Cveni qveyana maTi qveynis samxedro da saqmiani partnioria. ar<br />
SeiZleba, rom SegvamCnion maT daxmarebaSi.<br />
� SesaZloa maT gaaCniaT gamocdileba, romelic Cven gvesaWiroeba?<br />
� Cven qveyanaSi ukve sakmarisad arian ltolvilebi. Cven sakuTar<br />
xalxs unda mivxedoT. isini umjobesia sxva ufro mdidar qveyanaSi<br />
wavidnen.<br />
� Tu maT SemovuSvebT, sxvebic moiTxoven Semosvlas<br />
� maT ar ician Cveni ena, aqvT sxva religia da gansxvavebuli<br />
sakvebi. isini ver SeZleben Cven sazogadoebaSi integrirebas.<br />
� isini Seqmnian politikur problemas<br />
� maT Soris SeiZleba imalebodnen teroristebi an omis<br />
damnaSaveebi<br />
rolebis gaTamaSebamde ifiqreT Semdeg variantebze:<br />
� miscemT yvela ltolvils sazRvris gadakveTis uflebas?<br />
� mxolod zogierTebs miscemT sazRvris gadakveTis uflebas?<br />
� dayofT maT asakobriv, profesiuli da qonebrivi statusis<br />
jgufebad?<br />
Tu moiqceviT sxvagvarad?<br />
Tqven gevalebaT TamaSis dakvirveba. misi dasrulebis Semdeg mogTxoven zogadi komentaris gakeTebas. airCieT<br />
vinme jgufidan Tqvens warmomadgenlad.<br />
dakvirvebis procesSi sxva momentebs Soris yuradReba unda miaqcioT Semdegs:<br />
� rogorc ltolvilebis aseve saimigracio samsaxuris TanamSromlebis mier Sesrulebul sxvadasxva<br />
rolebs<br />
� argumentebs, romlebsac isini iyeneben da maTi warmodgenis gzebs<br />
� adamianis da ltolvilebis uflebebis darRvevebs.<br />
Tqveni gadasawyvetia Tu rogor CainiSnavT da SeamCnevT am yovelives. magaliTad, SeiZleba gaiyoT 2 qvejgufad:<br />
erTi jgufi daakvirdeba saimigracio samsaxuris muSaobas, xolo meore ltolvilebs.<br />
316 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Temebi<br />
Cveni momavlis variantebi<br />
Cveni progresi ganisazRvreba ara imiT, Tu ramdenad gavzardeT<br />
mdidarTa qoneba, aramed imiT, Tu ramdenad davexmareT Raribebs<br />
franklin ruzvelti<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
bavSvebi, ekologia, adamianis zogadi uflebebi<br />
done 2<br />
15 – 20<br />
60 wuTi<br />
am savarjiSoSi monawileebi xataven, fiqroben da<br />
msjeloben maTi Taobis momavalTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakuTari imedebisa da SeSfoTebis Sesaxeb.<br />
ganxilul sakiTxebs Soris aris:<br />
� ekologiis sakiTxebi, romelic gavlenas axdens<br />
momaval Taobebze<br />
� axalgazrdebi da ojaxi<br />
� sazogadoebrivi cxovreba<br />
azrovnebisa da informaciis miRebis ufleba<br />
� bavSvis interesebis sasargeblod yovelgvari<br />
azris gamoTqmis ufleba<br />
� Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis ufleba<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis, uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis<br />
Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmaveba<br />
� Riad msjelobis, gunduri muSaobis da<br />
sakuTari xedvis Camoyalibebis unar-Cvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� samyaros, rogorc ganviTarebadi da usasrulo<br />
SesaZleblobebis wyaros xedva, romelSic yvela<br />
axalgazrdas SeuZlia Seitanos dadebiTi an<br />
uaryofiTi wvlili.<br />
furclebi CanawerebisaTvis<br />
� didi zomis furclebi saboloo<br />
gadawyvetilebisaTvis<br />
� saRebavebi, fanqrebi da markerebi<br />
� masala kolaJebisaTvis, feradi furclebi,<br />
ilustrirebuli Jurnalebi, totebi, brinji,<br />
lobios marcvlebi, damWknari foTlebi, niJarebi,<br />
da a.S.<br />
� webo<br />
suraTebi an fotoebi Tu rogor gamoiyureboda ubani/qalaqi<br />
10-20 wlis win. (arCeviTi).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
317<br />
bavSvebi<br />
ekologia<br />
adamianis uflebebi<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 2<br />
15-20<br />
60 wuTi
instruqciebi<br />
1. gaacaniT monawileebs droSi cvalebadobis arsi. sTxoveT maT<br />
gaixsenon rogor gamoiyureboda maTi saxlebi da quCebi maT<br />
bavSvobaSi da rogor Seicvala isini droTa ganmavlobaSi. gadakeTda<br />
sportuli darbazis romelime oTaxi an daidga iq axali aveji?<br />
aris axali Senobebi ubanSi? sTxoveT monawileebs ifiqron ratom<br />
Seicvala es yvelaferi da vin miiRo gadawyvetileba Tu ra unda<br />
ganaxlebuliyo da rogor?<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs ifiqron, ra cvlilebebs ganaxorcielebdnen<br />
maTi neba rom iyos?<br />
3. axla daakavSireT es gadawyvetilebebis miRebasTan, romelic<br />
gavlenas axdens sxva adamianebze da maT uflebebze. fiqroben<br />
monawileebi, rom adamianis uflebebi myar safuZvels iZleva<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis? momavalSi adamianis uflebebi<br />
iqneba ufro metad an naklebad saintereso faqtori maTTvis, vinc<br />
gadawyvetilebebs iRebs? ratom?<br />
4. uTxariT jgufs, rom maTTvis es aris momenti, rodesac SeuZliaT<br />
ifiqron da zegavlena moaxdinon sakuTari momavalze.<br />
5. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon 3-4 wevrian jgufebad<br />
6. daurigeT maT furclebi da pastebi da sTxoveT gaakeTon momavlis<br />
idealuri ubnis/ qalaqis gegma an monaxazi. maT sruli Tavisufleba<br />
aqvT. zRvari mxolod maT sakuTar fantaziaSi SeiZleba iyos.<br />
7. rodesac TiToeuli jgufi SeaTanxmebs proeqts, is unda<br />
gadaitanon didi zomis furcelze da daasrulon saRebavebisa da<br />
kolaJis masalebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
8. rodesac samuSao dasruldeba, sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs rigrigobiT<br />
warmoadginon TavianTi gegma da axsnan saidan daebadaT es<br />
ideebi da rogor ganaviTares isini. gamoyaviT dro mokle<br />
SekiTxvebisa da pasuxebisaTvis yvela prezentaciis Semdeg magram<br />
zogadi diskusia moitoveT analizis etapisaTvis.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mimoxilviT Tu rogor muSaobdnen monawileebi jgufebSi,<br />
rogor miiRes gadawyvetilebebi da rogor warmarTes muSaoba.<br />
� yvelas hqonda monawileobis miRebis da procesSi wvlilis Setanis<br />
saSualeba? rogor gamoiyenes sxvadasxva mcire jgufebma TiToeuli<br />
wevris niWi?<br />
� rogor grZnobdnen Tavs TavianTi gegmebis Sesaxeb komentarebis<br />
mosmenis dros?<br />
� rogor grZnobdnen Tavs gegmebis Sesaxeb komentarebis gakeTebis<br />
dros?<br />
� iqnebodnen mzad wasuliyvnen kompromisze da daeTmoT romelime<br />
TavianTi ideali jgufis an klasis erTiani proeqtis SemuSavebis<br />
mizniT, romlic daakmayofilebda yvela wevris survils da<br />
miswrafebas?<br />
� moewonaT monawileebs ”TavianTi momavlis arqiteqtorebad” yofna?<br />
318 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� fiqroben, rom maTi idealebi rodesme praqtikaSi ganxorcieldeba?<br />
ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� fiqroben, rom ufrosebi mzad iqnebian maTi gegmebis gansaxilvelad?<br />
ratom? ratom ara?<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze didi siurprizi sxvaTa gegmebSi?<br />
� ra iqneboda maTi, rogorc moqalaqeebis uflebebi momavalSi?<br />
� ra iqneboda maTi, rogorc moqalaqeebis movaleobebi momavalSi?<br />
� ra nabijebi SeuZliaT gadadgan axalgazrdebma raTa zegavlena<br />
moaxdinon demokratiul procesebze, romelic ayalibebs maT<br />
cxovrebas da momavals?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSos saTauri aris ”Cveni momavalis variantebi”. mravlobiTi<br />
ricxvis gamoyenebis mizani aris xazgasma, rom momavali ar aris winaswar<br />
dagegmili, aramed Cven Tavad vqmniT mas. amdenad arsebobs momavlis bevri<br />
SesaZlo varianti da axalgazrdebis valia Seqmnan momavali, romelic<br />
asaxavs maT idealebs da miswrafebebs.<br />
cvlilebis arsis gansamtkiceblad SesaZloa moisurvoT Zveli<br />
fotografiebis Cveneba – rogor gamoiyureboda adgilobrivi garemo 10 an<br />
20 wlis win. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT sTxovoT maT ifiqron globalur<br />
cvlilebebze. magaliTad, maT unda ifiqron im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom 30 wlis<br />
win interneti fantaziis sferos miekuTvneboda, magram ramodenime welSi<br />
internetSi CarTuli iqneba msoflios yvela skola da biblioTeka.<br />
Tu monawileebi darwmunebuli ar arian rogori SeiZleba iyos momavlis<br />
qalaqi dausviT maT Semdegi SekiTxvebi:<br />
� vin icxovrebs am qalaqSi? iq dabadebuli xalxi Tu axali<br />
Camosulebi? ra asakis iqnebian isini? icxovreben ojaxebSi?<br />
� rogori iqneba maTi yoveldRiuri cxovreba? sad iyidian<br />
produqtebs? ra transports gamoiyeneben?<br />
� ra saxis socialuri momsaxureba (saavadmyofoebi, stomatologiuri<br />
klinikebi da a.S) dasWirdebaT maT?<br />
� rogori iqneba maTi skolebi?<br />
� rogori iqneba maTi socialuri cxovreba? ras gaakeTeben isini<br />
Tavisufal dros?<br />
� eyolebaT Sinauri cxovelebi?<br />
� ra saxis samuSaos Seasruleben?<br />
� ra saxis axali teqnologuri miRwevebi SeiZleba iyos?<br />
� rac Seexeba ekologias? bunebriv garemos?<br />
variantebi<br />
alternatiuli meTodi aris “momavlis borbli”-is ideis gamoyeneba.<br />
monawileebma unda imuSaon mcire jgufebSi, TiToeuli jgufi ganixilavs<br />
erT sakiTxs (mag. ganaTleba, ojaxi, sazogadoeba, dasaqmeba, an janmrTeloba)<br />
da am problemis Sesaxeb gamosaxavs momavlis borbals.. mag. ekologiis<br />
borblis centrSi moTavsebuli iqneba yvelaferi rac mniSnelovania, xolo<br />
problemis koncentrul wreebSi nakleb mniSvnelovani, mniSvnelovnebis<br />
Semcirebis mixedviT. `spicebi~ borbals yofs seqtorebad, romlebSic<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
319
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
12 agvisto<br />
axalgazrdebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
monawileebs SeuZliaT Caweron iseTi punqtebi rogoricaa mag: `sufTa<br />
haeri~, `eleqtromobili~, `bevri xeebi~, `sufTa mdinareebi~, humanuri<br />
mecxoveleobis fermebi~.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moipoveT damatebiTi informacia adgilobrivi ganviTarebis dagegmvis<br />
procesebze da maTze gavlenis moxdenis gzebze. CaerTeT skolaSi, klubSi an<br />
asociaciaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi, daeswariT sabWos<br />
sxdomebs, an sulac kenWi iyareT arCevnebSi. arsebobs sxva savarjiSoebic,<br />
romlebic sasargeblo iqneba momavlis variantebis ganxilvisaTvis. mag. “gza<br />
Tanasworobis qveynisaken” ganixilavs rogor SeiZleba genderuli<br />
Tanasworobis miRweva, xolo “internetis gavlena” ganixilavs axali<br />
teqnologiebis momaval scenars.<br />
Cven momavalze ocnebisas, SegviZlia umalve daviwyoT ufro<br />
samarTliani sazogadoebis mSenebloba. Tu jgufi moisurvebs ganixilos<br />
dacinvis sakiTxi da naxos Tu rogor unda ganviTardes sxvebis mimarT<br />
TanagrZnobis da pativiscemis grZnoba SeuZliaT Seasrulon savarjiSo<br />
“gvaqvs raime alternativa?” (gv. 141).<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
miitaneT gegma adgilobriv sabWoSi da naxeT SeZlebT Tu ara maT<br />
CarTvas. Tqveni gegma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas qalaqis/soflis dagegmvaSi.<br />
cxovreba srulyofil samyaroSi<br />
320 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
21 ivnisi<br />
dobisa da<br />
locvis<br />
Si vis pacem, para pacem(laT. Tu gsurs mSvidoba emzade misTvis)<br />
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masala<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba, janmrTeloba, ekologia<br />
done 3<br />
15 – 30<br />
90 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo iwyeba andazebis da brZnuli gamonaTqvamebis<br />
viqtoriniT, romlebic asaxavs mSvidobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs<br />
da saSualebas aZlevs monawileebs imsjelon:<br />
� mSvidobis mniSvnelobaze<br />
� adamianis Sinagan mSvidobaze, mSvidobaze<br />
sxvebTan urTierTobaSi da garemosTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
� mSvidobiani qcevis Camoyalibeba<br />
mSvidobis ufleba<br />
� sicocxlis ufleba<br />
� ufleba janmrTel garemoze<br />
mSvidobis sxvadasxva ganzomilebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis<br />
SegrZneba<br />
� mSvidobis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobaze msjeloba<br />
da rogor realizdeba is Cvens yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
� pativiscemis, solidarobisa da<br />
pasuxismgeblobis damkvidreba<br />
erTi didi zomis furceli (A3) an dafa<br />
� feradi markerebi<br />
� viqtorinis furclebi, da pastebi, erTi<br />
TiToeul mcire jgufze<br />
� sadiskusio rekomendaciebi, erTi TiToeul<br />
mcire jgufze<br />
� 1 da 2 CanarTis aslebi, erTi TiToeul mcire<br />
jgufze<br />
gadaitaneT 1 CanarTis asli didi zomis furcelze. gaakeTeT<br />
is rac SeiZleba didi zomis<br />
es savarjiSo 2 nawilad sruldeba: nawili I _ mSvidobis borblis<br />
Sevseba (25 wuTi) da nawili II saubari mSvidobaze (30 wuTi)<br />
nawili I. mSvidobis borblis Sevseba (25 wuTi)<br />
1. plenarul sxdomaze aCveneT monawileebs Tqvens mier daxazuli<br />
carieli mSvidobis wris an borblis asli da miuTiTeT<br />
ganyofilebebi: mSvidoba TqvenSi, mSvidoba sxvebTan da mSvidoba<br />
bunebaSi. uTxariT maT, rom Sevsebuli borbali warmoadgens<br />
idealuri mSvidobis miRwevas. mis Sesavsebad monawileebma unda<br />
riso dRe saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo 321<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
ekologia<br />
done 1<br />
done 2<br />
done 3<br />
done 4<br />
done 3<br />
15-30<br />
90 wuTi
ipovon 21 „sayovelTao WeSmaritebis sityva“, romelic Seesabameba<br />
mSvidobiani cxovrebis 21 seqtors. es gamotovebuli sityvebi<br />
SeiZleba napovni iqnas mTel msoflioSi gavrcelebul brZnul<br />
gamonaTqvamebsa da andazebSi.<br />
2. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon 3 jgufad da mieciT TiToeul jgufs<br />
pastebi, carieli borblis asli da viqtorinis furclis asli.<br />
SeaxseneT maT, rom unda ipovon gamotovebuli sityvebi yvela<br />
andazaSi. sityvebi aris miniSnebebi im faseulobebze, romlebic<br />
Seesabameba mSvidobis wris sxvadasxva seqtorebs.<br />
3. rodesac daasruleben SekribeT yvela erTad plenarul sxdomaze.<br />
sTxoveT monawileebs Tavis survilisamebr waikiTxon Sevsebuli<br />
andazebi saTiTaod. SeamowmeT sworia Tu ara isini da sTxoveT<br />
mkiTxvels aiRos feradi fanqari da daweros es sityva mSvidobis<br />
wris did gamosaxulebaSi.<br />
4. gaimeoreT igive yvela andazisaTvis vidre borbali ar Seivseba da<br />
mSvidoba ar miiRweva.<br />
nawili II. saubari mSvidobaze (30 wuTi)<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs daubrundnen TavianT qvejgufebs. daurigeT maT<br />
sadiskusio rkomendaciebi TiTo yvela jgufs. sTxoveT maT<br />
imsjelon maT sadiskusio rekomendaciebSi mocemul sakiTxebze da<br />
amave dros yuradReba miaqcieT mSvidobis borblis Sesabamis<br />
seqtorTan asocirebul faseulobebs. maT unda scadon mividned<br />
konsensusamde mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da mzad iyvnen<br />
diskusiis Sedegebis mosaxseneblad.<br />
2. bolos yvela SekribeT plenarul sxdomaze da sTxoevT yvela<br />
jgufs gaakeTos moxseneba.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mSvidobis borbalze da warmodgenili faseulobebis<br />
universalobaze msjelobiT. Semdeg gadadiT savarjiSos II nawilis<br />
mimoxilvaze.<br />
nawili I<br />
� ramdenad rTuli iyo gamotovebuli sityvebis gamocnoba? ramdeni<br />
andaza an gamonaTqvami icodnen monawileebma Tavidanve? es „sibrZnis<br />
sityvebi~ realurad aris marTlac aqtualuri Cvens dRevandel<br />
cxovrebaSi?<br />
� warmoadgens sityvebi wris cntrSi universalur faseulobebs?<br />
� arian isini Tanabrad mniSvnelovani yvela kulturisaTvis? romelia<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tqveni kulturisaTvis?<br />
� aris raime sxva ZiriTadi faseulobebi, romlebic warmodgenili<br />
araa?<br />
nawili II<br />
sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis erT warmomadgenels gaakeTos Zalian mokle<br />
reziume maT sadiskusio rekomendaciebSi mocemuli SekiTxvebis Sesaxeb.<br />
Semdeg SesTavazeT monawileebs rig-rigobiT upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs:<br />
� iyo yvela ganxilul sakiTxze konsenusis miRweva advili?<br />
322 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� romeli SekiTxvebi iyo yvelaze winaaRmdegobrivi? ratom?<br />
� ra aris maTi azri winaaRmdegobriobis Sesaxeb?<br />
� ratom aqvT monawileebs sxvadasxva azri mSvidobasTan dakavSirebul<br />
sakiTxebze?<br />
� xalxi xSirad ukavSirebs adamianis Sinagan mSvidobas religias.<br />
ratom xdeba ase?<br />
� aucilebelia iyos adamiani religiuri raTa maT gaaCndeT Sinagani<br />
mSvidobisaTvis saWiro faseulobebi?<br />
� ra kavSiria maT mier ganxilul sakiTxebsa da adamianis uflebebs<br />
Soris?<br />
� aris mSvidoba aucilebeli winapiroba adamianis uflebebis<br />
kulturis arsebobisaTvis Tu vidre xalxi mSvidobas miaRwevs<br />
saWiroa adamianis uflebebis pativiscema?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSoSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informacia<br />
mocemulia mSvidobisa da Zaladobis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi informaciis nawilSi<br />
469 gv.ze. es dagexmarebaT plenarul sxdomaze diskusiis warmarTvaSi.<br />
ecadeT gamokveToT urTierTdamokidebuleba mSvidobis 3 ganzomilebas<br />
Soris. ar SegaSinoT winaaRmdegobebma, Tavisi bunebiT es winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
sakiTxia. piriqiT, moiyvaneT am sakiTxebis sawinaaRmdego da momxre<br />
argumentebi da xazi gausviT, rom maTi ganxilva SeuZlebelia Sav-TeTr<br />
ferebSi da rom maTze erTmniSvnelovani pasuxebi ar arsebobs.<br />
Tu jgufSi aris 18-ze meti wevri ukeTesia gaaormagoT mcire jgufebis<br />
raodenoba da 3 didi jgufis nacvlad 6 patara jgufTan imuSaoT. ar<br />
dagaviwydeT masalis damatebiTi aslebis gakeTeba.<br />
variantebi<br />
savarjiSos pirveli nawili anu mSvidobis borblis Sevseba SegiZliaT<br />
mTliani jgufis monawileobiT. waikiTxeT andazebi saTiTaod da sTxoveT<br />
maT SemogTavazon gamotovebuli sityvebis variantebi. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
aRniSneT sityvebi pirdapir didi zomis furcelze da gaakeTeT Sevsebuli<br />
borblis aslebi monawileebisaTvis raTa daeyrdnon maT II nawilSi.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
am savarjiSoSi mopovebuli codnis saSualebiT jgufma SeiZleba<br />
moisurvos TavianTi cxovrebis aramSvidobiani situaciebis ganxilva da<br />
SeimuSaon praqtikuli strategia adamianTa Soris damkvidrebul<br />
ZaladobasTan gasamklaveblad. ix. savarjiSo „Zaladoba Cems cxovrebaSi“<br />
(gv. 326).<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
am savarjiSoSi gamoyenebuli mSvidobis borblis idea aRebulia<br />
wignidan `mSvidobiani cxovrebis xelovneba: mSvidobis axali gaazreba~, pier<br />
veili, erepari, argentina, 1995w. („El Arte de Vivir en Paz, hacia una nueva<br />
conciencia de Paz,“ Errepar, Argentina, 1995).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
323
arsebobs mSvidobis wris interpretaciis bevri xerxi. Semdegi<br />
SeniSvnebi SeiZleba dagexmaroT diskusiis warmarTvaSi Semdegi sakiTxebis<br />
garSemo:<br />
mSvidobis borblis centrSi aris usasruloba, ar arsebobs dasawyisi<br />
da dasasruli.<br />
centraluri wris yvela sityva warmoadgens faseulobebs da qcevis<br />
normebs an mdgomareobas, romelic unda arsebobdes Cveni cxovrebis yvela<br />
Sesabamis seqtorSi. mag. sxvebTan da sazogadoebasTan mSvidobis<br />
dasamkvidreblad aucilebelia mivaRwioT mSvidobas ekonomikaSi,<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da kulturaSi.<br />
goneba, sxeuli da emociebi aris sakuTar TavTan urTierTobis da<br />
sulieri mSvidobis ZiriTadi nawili. Sinagani simSvidis misaRwevad<br />
gvWirdeba sibrZne, siyvaruli, moTmineba, TanagrZnoba, da sixaruli da<br />
janmrTeli sxeuli.<br />
mSvidobis mesame ganzomileba aris garemo pirobebi, anu mSvidoba<br />
bunebaSi.<br />
is aisaxeba sam ganzomilebaSi: Cven gvWirdeba codna, raTa viyoT<br />
informirebuli, sicocxlis pativiscema da subtstanciasTan harmonia<br />
(nivTebi – buneba, xeebi, yvavilebi, cxovelebi, da a.S).<br />
dasarigebeli masala<br />
sqema 1. mSvidobis borbali<br />
324 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
inis furceli<br />
andazebSi da citatebSi CasviT gamotovebuli sityvebi. napovni sityvebis saSualebas mogcemT<br />
T Sesabamisi seqtorebi<br />
romlebic unda SeusamaboT aris: silamaze, sxeuli, TanagrZnoba, TanamSromloba, kultura,<br />
ika, emociebi, ekologia, moTmineba, harmonia, janmrTeloba, individualoba, informacia, sixaruli,<br />
lianoba, codna, sicocxle, siyvaruli, goneba, pativiscema, socialuri cxovreba, sazogadoeba,<br />
aroba, substancia, WeSmariteba, keTildReoba da sibrZne.<br />
1. gamocdileba aris _________________ deda<br />
2. saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
_____________________ iq sibnele ar aris (burundiuli andaza)<br />
______________ da gamZleobas magiuri Zala aqvs, romlis winaSec siZneleebi qreba da<br />
ebebi ixsneba. (jon kvinsi adamsi)<br />
____________ SeiZleba amoigdos gulidan, magram RmerTi arasodes gaakeTebs amas (uiliam kauperi)<br />
ers Sepirdebi rodesac savse xar _________________ iT, ar upasuxo werilebs rodesac savse xar<br />
iT (Cinuri andaza)<br />
325
sadiskusio rekomendaciebi<br />
sadiskusio rekomendacia: sakuTar<br />
TavTan mSvidobSi yofna (jgufi 1)<br />
1. ras niSnavs sakuTar TavTan mSvidobSi yofna?<br />
sadiskusio rekomendacia: mSvido<br />
bunebasTan (jgufi 3)<br />
1. afasebs sazogadoeba garemo pirobebs?<br />
326 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Zaladoba<br />
afrTxoeba<br />
is uflebebi<br />
ne 1<br />
ne 2<br />
ne 3<br />
ne 4<br />
one 3<br />
bismieri<br />
0 wuTi<br />
2. Cveni yovldRiuri cxovrebidan romeli sityva an<br />
saqcieli migvaniSnebs, rom `vomobT~ sakuTar<br />
TavTan da Sinagani mSvidobis niSanwyalic ki ar<br />
gvetyoba?<br />
3. arsebobs kavSiri sxeuls, gonebasa da emociebs<br />
Soris? ra saxis kavSiria es?<br />
4. rogor SegviZlia CamovayaliboT Tvisebebi,<br />
romelic dagvexmareba sakuTar TavTan mSvidobis<br />
damyarebaSi?<br />
5. aris SesaZlebeli dadebiTi urTierTobis qona<br />
sxvebTan Tu ar gvaqvs mSvidoba sakuTar TavTan?<br />
sadiskusio rekomendacia: mSvidoba sxvebTan (jgufi 2)<br />
2. ras niSnavs icxovro bunebasTan harmoniaSi?<br />
3. visi valia garemoze zrunva?<br />
4. momavalSi ramdenad meti omi gaimarTeba ZiriTadi<br />
bunebrivi resursebisaTvis (mag. wyali) sxva<br />
mizeziT warmoebul omebTan SedarebiT (mag<br />
eTnikuri, kulturuli, an religiuri<br />
dapirispireba)?<br />
5. fiqrobT, rom bunebasTan mSvidobiani cxovrebis<br />
xelovneba aqtualuria sayovelTao mSvidobis<br />
damyarebisaTvis?<br />
1. Cven – rogorc adamianebs gvaqvs SesaZlebloba vicxovroT mSvidobaSi sxvebTan?<br />
2. niSnavs omis ararseboba, sxvebTan mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas?<br />
3. SegviZlia viswavloT rogor viyoT ufro mSvidobiani sxvebTan mimarTebaSi Cven yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi? rogor?<br />
4. ra safuZveli arsebobs imedisaTvis rom momavalSi mSvidobiani msoflio iarsebebs?<br />
5. SeiZleba omiT miyenebuli Wrilobebis daviwyeba raTa adamianebma kvlav mSvidobianad icxovron?<br />
viqtorinis pasuxebi<br />
seqtorebi: 1. sibrZne. 2. a) siyvaruli, b) moTmineba, g) TanagrZnoba, d) sixaruli. 3. janmrTeloba. 4. codna.<br />
5. pativiscema. 6. harmonia. 7. keTildReoba. 8. TanamSromloba. 9. a) silamaze, b) WeSmariteba, g)<br />
solidaroba, d) samarTlianoba. 10. kultura. 11. socialuri cxovreba. 12. ekonomika. 13. substancia. 14.<br />
sicocxle. 15. informacia. 16. sxeuli. 17. emociebi. 18. goneba. 19. ekologia. 20. individi. 21. sazogadoeba.<br />
Sevsebuli sqema<br />
Zaladoba Cems cxovrebaSi<br />
“icxovreT sami principiT: pativiscema sakuTari Tavis<br />
mimarT/pativiscema sxvebis mimarT da / pasuxismgebloba<br />
yvelafrisaTvis rasac akeTebT. dalai lama<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
327
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
instruqciebi<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba, pirovnuli usafrTxoeba,<br />
adamianis zogadi uflebebi.<br />
done 3<br />
nebismieri<br />
60 wuTi<br />
es aris savarjiSo – diskusia, romelSic<br />
monawileebi ganixilaven pirovnebeTaSorisi<br />
Zaladobis sakuTar gamocdilebas.<br />
sicocxlis, Tavisuflebis da usafrTxoebis ufleba<br />
� azrovnebis, sindisisa da religiis<br />
Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
unari moaxdino sakuTari Tavis identifikacia ara marto<br />
rogorc Zaladobis obieqtis, aramed rogorc Zaladobis<br />
wyaros?<br />
� unarCvevebis ganviTareba Zaladobis<br />
dadebiTi gziT daregulirebisaTvis.<br />
Semwynareblobisa da pasuxismgeblobis<br />
faseulobebis ganviTareba.<br />
1. ganmarteT, rom monawileebisaTvis es aris pirovnebaTaSorisi<br />
Zaladobis Sesaxeb piradi gamocdilebidan azrebisa da grZnobebis<br />
gaziarebis SesaZlebloba. maT unda gaixsenon SemTxvevebi rodesac<br />
sxvebi mimarTavdnen maTze Zaladobas da rodesac Tavad Zaladobdnen<br />
sxvebze.<br />
2. darwmundiT, rom yvelam icis da yvelas esmis interqatiuli<br />
jgufis muSaobis principebi: rom yvelas imsaxurebs pativiscemiT<br />
mopyrobas, rom TiToeuli maTi naTqvami Tavdajerebulia da rom<br />
aravin ar unda grZnobdes zewolas Tqvas raime iseTi rac misTvis<br />
arasasiamovnoa.<br />
3. ifiqreT sityva ”Zaladobaze” da sTxoveT maT moiyvanon<br />
yoveldRiuri Zaladobis magaliTebi, mag. sityvieri Seuracyofa,<br />
dacinva, sarkazmi, urigod wasvla, utaqto qceva, bavSvis cema,<br />
yaCaRoba, wvrilmani qurdoba an jibis qurdoba, vandalizmi da a.S.<br />
4. sTxoveT yvelas 5 wuTiT dafiqrdnen pirad SemTxvevebze roca:<br />
a) vinmem iZalada maTze<br />
b) maT Tavad mimarTes Zaladobas sxvebze<br />
g) gaxdnen Zaladobis mowme magram ar Caerien.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
daiwyeT mokle diskusiiT Tavad savarjiSos garSemo da imsjeleT iyo<br />
Tu ara is rTuli da Tu iyo ratom. Semdeg gadadiT sxvadasxva a), b), da<br />
g) situaciebis mizezebisa da Sedegebis aanlizze. sTxoveT moxaliseebs<br />
SemogTavazon TavianTi gamocdileba diskusiis Temad. aTqmevineT maT ra<br />
328 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
noemberi<br />
reblobis<br />
iso dRe<br />
moxda da ras grZnoben axla amis gamo. Semdeg ki gaxseniT diskusia<br />
yvelasaTvis.<br />
1. ratom hqonda Zaladobas adgili?<br />
2. rogor moiqceodnen jgufis sxva wevrebi msgavs situaciaSi?<br />
3. ratom moiqeciT ase?<br />
4. rogor moiqceodiT sxvagvarad? aqvs jgufs raime mosazrebebi?<br />
5. ras gaakeTebda nebismieri maTgani incidentis Tavidan asacileblad?<br />
6. g) SemTxvevaSi ratom ar Caerien isini?<br />
7. ra iyo incidentis mizezebi?<br />
8. ramdeni SemTxveva iyo gaugebrobis Sedegi, ramdeni wyenis, eWvianobis<br />
da ramdeni kulturologiuri da tradiciuli gansxvavebebis,<br />
rwmenis an azris sxvadasxvaobis?<br />
9. rogor esmiT monawileebs sityva ”Semwynarebloba“? rogor<br />
ganmartaven mas?<br />
10. sworia, rom adamianebi srulad Semwynareblebi unda iyvnen<br />
yvelafris mimarT rasac sxvebi amboben an akeTeben?<br />
11. ratom aris Semwynarebloba ZiriTadi faseuloba adamianis<br />
uflebebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
mzad iyaviT siurprizebisaTvis da imaT gasamxneveblad vinc es<br />
savarjiSo rTulad miiCnia an gulTan axlos miitana. Tqven ver gecodinebaT<br />
yvelas warsuli an awmyo an is rac maT ojaxebSi xdeba. SesaZloa zogierT<br />
monawiles hqondes mware gamocdileba sxvadasxva formis ZaladobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. xazi gausviT, rom am savarjiSos mizania Zaladobis<br />
sawinaaRmdego unarCvevebis ganviTareba, misi mizezebis gaazrebis,<br />
grZnobebisa da emociebis aRiarebis da Tavdajerebulad moqmedebis gziT,<br />
raTa moxerxdes situaciis kontroli da vipovoT ara-Zaladobrivi gzebi<br />
Zaldobaze sapasuxod. uTxariT monawileebs axsovdeT adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaraciis muxli 1: ”yvela adamians dabadebidanve aqvs<br />
Tavisufali da Tanaswori Rirseba da uflebebi. Tu sxvebisgan moveliT am<br />
muxlis Sesrulebas maSin Cven TviTonac unda SevasruloT is. Tu jgufSi<br />
10-ze meti wevri gyavT SegiZliaT dayoT isini mcire jgufebad.<br />
variantebi<br />
es kargi drama-savarjiSoa. sTxoveT 2, 3 an 4 monawiles swrafad<br />
gaiTamaSon incidenti. danarCeni jgufi damkvirvebelia. Semdeg SegiZliaT<br />
periodulad SeawyvetinoT gaTamaSeba da intervalebSi sTxovoT auditorias<br />
gamoTqvan sakuTari azri Tu rogor unda ganviTardes scenari. kidev erTi<br />
alternativa aris auditoriis pirdapiri Careva da Semsruleblebis<br />
nacvlad maT mier alternatiuli dasasrulis mogoneba.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
moiZieT informacia organizaciebis Sesaxeb, romlebic exmarebian<br />
Zaladobis msxverplT, mag. cxeli xazebi an msxverplTa mxardamWeri<br />
qselebi. aseve moiZieT sxva organizaciebi, romlebic amkvidreben gagebas da<br />
Semwynareblobas sazogadoebaSi. Tu mSvidobis da Zaladobis Temis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
329
gagrZelebis survili gaqvT SegiZliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo ”cxovreba<br />
srulyofil samyaroSi” (gv. 319). ixileT pasuxebi mSvidobis borblis<br />
Sesavsebad!<br />
ideebi moqmedebisaTvis<br />
daukavSirdiT organizacias, romelic iRwvis sazogadoebaSi mSvidobisa<br />
da ara-Zaladobis dasamkvidreblad da gaarkvieT rogor SegiZliaT maT<br />
muSaobaSi CarTva.<br />
wamlebis xelmisawvdomoba<br />
`mdgomareobis Secvala ukeTesobisaken mxolod dainteresebuli<br />
moqalaqeebis globaluri erToblivi ZalisxmeviTaa SesaZlebeli~.<br />
zaki axmati, mkurnalobis mxardamWeri moZraobis kampania<br />
330 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
janmrTelob<br />
globalizaci<br />
diskriminac<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done<br />
done 4<br />
16-40<br />
190 wu
Temebi<br />
sirTule<br />
monawileTa raodenoba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
mimoxilva<br />
Sesabamisi uflebebi<br />
miznebi<br />
masalebi<br />
momzadeba<br />
instruqciebi<br />
janmrTeloba, globalizacia, diskriminacia da<br />
qsenofobia<br />
done 4<br />
16 – 40<br />
190 wuTi<br />
es savarjiSo aris 2001 wels samxreT afrikaSi<br />
Semdgari “Sidsis samkurnalo wamalTan” dakavSirebuli<br />
sasamarTlo procesis inscenireba. savarjiSoSi<br />
ganxilulia sakiTxebi:<br />
� Sidsi/HIV infeqcia da wamlebis xelmisawvdomoba<br />
� uflebebis arsobrivi konfliqturobis daZleva.<br />
sicocxlisa da Rirsebis ufleba<br />
� kerZo sakuTrebis ufleba<br />
warmodgenis Seqmna adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis sirTulis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis sxvadasxva gzebis Sedareba<br />
(konkurenciuli midgoma, konsensusze damyarebuli midgoma)<br />
� komunikaciisa da TanamSromlobis unarCvevebis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
� dafa gadasaSleli furclebiT da kalmistrebi<br />
� baraTi-rolebi sasamarTlo procesis<br />
inscenirebisaTvis<br />
� instruqciebi mcire zomis jgufebisaTvis, TiTo<br />
egzemplari yvela monawilisaTvis<br />
� mcire baraTebi (10 X 6 sm.) erTi wiTeli da erTi<br />
mwvane baraTi TiTo monawileze.<br />
sivrce plenaruli sxdomisa da mcire jgufebis muSaobisaTvis.<br />
pirveli nawilisaTvis:<br />
gaakeTeT sacdeli baraTi-rolebis aslebi. Tqven dagWirdebaT<br />
erTi baraTi-roli TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
meore nawilisaTvis:<br />
� gaakeTeT mcire jgufebis samuSao instruqciebis<br />
aslebi TiTo yvela monawilisaTvis<br />
� moamzadeT erTi wiTeli da erTi mwvane baraTi<br />
TiToeuli monawilisaTvis<br />
es savarjiSo sruldeba 2 nawilad. I nawili aris sasamarTlo procesis<br />
inscenireba, xolo II konsensusis miRwevis etapi.<br />
nawili I. sasamarTlo procesi (xangrZlivoba 65 wuTi)<br />
1. moamzadeT scena. Sidsi/HIV seriozuli epidemiaa mTels msoflioSi,<br />
magram gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebel gavrcelebis xarisxs man<br />
afrikaSi miaRwia. es Zalze didi problemaa samxreT afrikisaTvis,<br />
sadac milionobiT Raribi adamiani itanjeba da iRupeba am<br />
daavadebisagan, radganac xeli ar miuwvdebaT ZviradRirebul<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
331
medikamentebze. maTi erTaderTi alternativaa am wamlebis SedarebiT<br />
iafi surogatebis gamoyeneba, rasac kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegebian<br />
wamyvani farmacevtuli kompaniebi. isini cdiloben TavianTi<br />
saavtoro uflebebis dacvas da amdenad gaerTianebuli ZalebiT<br />
ibrZvian, raTa aRkveTon nebismieri saxelmwifos mier maTi<br />
produqciis daupatentebeli analogebis warmoeba da gayidva dabal<br />
fasebSi. maT sarCeli Seitanes samxreT afrikis mTavrobis<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelic avrcelebs da yidis Sidsi/HIV infeqciis<br />
samkurnalo iaffasian medikamentebs.<br />
2. ganmarteT, rom monawileebs mouxdebaT samxreT afrikaSi<br />
gamarTuli Sidsis samkurnalo wamalTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo<br />
procesis inscenirebaSi CarTva. sakiTxi Semdegnairad dgas: aris Tu<br />
ara sakuTrebis ufleba myari argumenti adamianTa jgufis<br />
sicocxlisa da Rirsebis uflebis winaaRmdeg?<br />
3. dayaviT monawileebi 4 Tanabar jgufad, romlebic warmoadgenen<br />
Pharma Inc-s, samxreT afrikis mTavrobas, mkurnalobis mxardamWeri<br />
moZraobis kampanias da mosamarTleebs.<br />
4. daurigeT Sesabamis jgufebs sasamarTlo procesis baraTi-rolebi.<br />
5. mieciT jgufebs 25 wuTi TavianTi baraTi-rolebis wakiTxvisa da<br />
procesze warsadgeni argumenetebisa da SekiTxvebis momzadebisaTvis.<br />
TiToeulma jgufma unda airCios warmomadgeneli, romelic gamova<br />
jgufis saxeliT da erTi, an ori pirovneba, romelic zurgs<br />
gaumagrebs spikerebs da daexmareba procesze dasmul SekiTxvebze<br />
pasuxis gacemaSi.<br />
6. rodesac jgufebi mzad iqnebian, moiwvieT monawileebi plenarul<br />
sxdomaze. amave dros, isini TavianTi jgufebis SemadgenlobaSi unda<br />
darCnen.<br />
7. axla ki Pharma Inc-s, samxreT afrikis mTavrobas da mkurnalobis<br />
mxardamWeri moZraobis kampanias, eZlevaT 5 wuTi TavianTi<br />
poziciebis warmosadgenad da maTTvis saintereso nebismieri<br />
kiTxvebis wamosaWrelad. mosamarTleebma unda waradginon jgufebi<br />
rig-rigobiT.<br />
8. Tavad mosamarTleebs 10 wuTi aqvT jgufebis mier dasmul<br />
SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad da sxvadasxva argumentebisa da<br />
poziciebis Sesajameblad.<br />
nawili II. konsensusis miRwevis etapi (100 wuTi)<br />
1. sTxoveT monawileebs daiyon mcire 4-wevrian jgufebad. yovel<br />
jgufSi unda iyos Pharma Inc-is, afrikis mTavrobisa da<br />
mkurnalobis mxardamWeri moZraobis kampaniis yofili wevri da<br />
erTi yofili mosamarTle.<br />
2. daarigeT mcire jgufebis samuSao instruqciebis aslebi.<br />
gadaamowmeT, rom yvelas esmis ra unda gaakeTos da<br />
rogor unda gamoiyenon mwvane da wiTeli baraTebi.<br />
jgufebs 30 wuTi aqvT konsensusis miRwevisaTvis, Tu<br />
rogor gadawydes konfliqturi uflebebis sakiTxi.<br />
3. yvela moiwvieT plenarul sxdomaze da sTxoveT<br />
moaxsenon jgufs maTi diskusiis Sedegebi. mieciT<br />
332 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
1 dekemberi<br />
Sidsis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe
TiToeul jgufs 5 wuTi moxsenebisaTvis. CainiSneT ZiriTadi<br />
gadawyvetilebebi da sakiTxebi dafaze.<br />
4. rodesac yvela jgufi waradgens TavianT pozicias gadadiT<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesTan dakavSirebul diskusiaze.<br />
SeiZleba dasvaT Semdegi SekiTxvebi:<br />
� ramdenad advili iyo konsensusis miRweva?<br />
� ra aris am midgomis susti da Zlieri mxareebi?<br />
� igrZnoboda Tu ara daZabuloba SeTanxmebuli gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebisas da seecadeT mis ganxilvaSi jgufis yvela wevris<br />
CarTvas Soris.<br />
� ra iyo yvelaze mwvave sakiTxi?<br />
5. SesaZloa moisurvoT am savarjiSos dasruleba 2001 w. 19 aprilis<br />
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebidan nawyvetis wakiTxviT. “iaffasiani<br />
medikamentebis (...) xelmisawvdomobis gaadvileba (...)Rirseuli<br />
mizania, Sidsi/HIV infeqciis epidemiis TvalsazrisiT umaRlesi<br />
rangis konstituciuri movaleobaa, dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos<br />
valdebulebasTan uzrunvelyos pativiscema, dacva da realizeba<br />
ZiriTadi uflebebisa, romelic moicavs Rirseuli cxovrebis<br />
uflebas (miRebuli rogorc yvela danarCen uflebaTa safuZveli)<br />
(..). momCivanTa mier kanonis misamarTiT wamoyenebuli pretenzia<br />
usafuZvloa.<br />
analizi da Sefaseba<br />
Sefaseba daiwyo II nawilSi diskusiis dros. SesTavazeT monawileebs<br />
azri gamoTqvan mTlian procesze da gansazRvron sasamarTlo procesTan<br />
dakavSirebuli adamianis uflebebis ZiriTadi problemebi. ZiriTadi kiTxvebi<br />
SeiZleba moicavdes:<br />
� gaugiaT monawileebs raime am procesis Sesaxeb manamde?<br />
� ra iyo maTi Tavdapirveli varaudebi?<br />
� Seicvala Tu ara maTi Tavdapirveli varaudebi savarjiSos<br />
msvlelobis procesSi?<br />
� ra gansxvavebas xedaven monawileebi gadawyvetilebis miRebis or<br />
meTods Soris, kerZod, konkurentul da konsensusis miRwevis<br />
meTodebs Soris? romeli ufro damakmayofilebel Sedegs iZleva?<br />
rogor gansazRvravT warmatebul gadawyvetilebas?<br />
� adamianis uflebebis ra ZiriTad problemebs Seexo sasamarTlo<br />
procesi?<br />
� ra kavSiri arsebobs am sakiTxebsa da monawileebis socialur<br />
realobebs Soris?<br />
� ra gavlenas axdens es xalxze Tqvens qveyanaSi?<br />
rCevebi xelmZRvanelebs<br />
am savarjiSosaTvis didi dro dagWirdebaT, radganac sakiTxebi rTulia<br />
da monawileebi Rrmad unda dafiqrdnen maT Sesaxeb. miaqcieT yuradReba,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
333
om aucilebeli ar aris orive nawilis erT dRes Catareba, maTi warmarTva<br />
SeiZleba 2 sxvadasxva sesiaze.<br />
wiTeli da mwvane baraTebis gamoyeneba exmareba xalxs imis garkvevaSi,<br />
Tu ra uSlis da ra uwyobs xels gadawyvetilebis miRebas. idealur<br />
SemTxvevaSi II nawilis bolos yvela monawile aswevs mwvane baraTs, rac<br />
niSnavs, rom yvela eTanxmeba saerTo gadawyvetilebas.<br />
II nawilSi zogierTma jgufma SeiZleba miaRwios konsensuss, zogma ki<br />
vera. diskusiis procesSi unda ecadoT gaarkvioT konsensusis meTodiT<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis susti da Zlieri mxareebi. sTxoveT jgufebs,<br />
romlebmac miaRwies konsensuss, rom warmoadginon ara mxolod maTi<br />
saboloo pozicia, aramed ZiriTadi argumentebic maT sasargeblod. sTxoveT<br />
jgufebs, romlebic ver mividnen konsensusamde, gansazRvron, ra aaxloebdaT<br />
maT da ram Seuwyo xeli maT daSorebas? SeniSvna: damatebiT informacias<br />
konsensusis miRwevis Sesaxeb ixilavT I TavSi 66 gv-ze.<br />
mniSvnelovania SeiswavloT adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi Sidsi/HIV<br />
infeqciiT daavadebulebis realuri mdgomareoba da savarjiSo miusadagoT<br />
sakiTxebs, romlebic maT exebaT.<br />
SeniSvna: farmacevtuli kompaniebis koaliciis saxelwodeba Pharma Inc<br />
gamogonilia specialurad am savarjiSosaTvis.<br />
winadadebebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
imsjeleT Tqvens qveyanaSi adamianis sicocxlisa da Rirsebis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb jandacvis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
moipoveT informacia jandacvisa da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi mTel<br />
msoflioSi. ewvieT wamyvani arasamTavrobo organizaciebis da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebis (WHO) veb-gverdebs an moipoveT maTi beWdviTi gamocemebi<br />
(MSF, TAC, Christian Aid).<br />
moiZieT informacia im RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic tardeba<br />
janmrTelobis dacvis mizniT da CamowereT isini dafaze.<br />
mkurnalobis mxardamWeri moZraobis kampania awarmoebs Zalze<br />
warmatebul kampanias. samwuxarod yvela kampania ver aRwevs dasaxul<br />
miznebs. amisaTvis bevri mizezi arsebobs, magram erT-erTi mizezi, SeiZleba<br />
iyos cudi organizeba da arafeqturi reklamireba. jgufs SeuZlia Rrmad<br />
Caixedos am sakiTxebSi da ganaviTaros unar-Cvevebi efeqturi kampaniis<br />
sawarmoeblad “frTxilad, Cven yvelafers vxedavT!” savarjiSos saSualebiT<br />
(gv. 300).<br />
ideebi gagrZelebisaTvis<br />
gaarkvieT, vin zrunavs jandacvis sakiTxebze Tqvens regionSi da rogor<br />
SegiZliaT wvlilis Setana.<br />
334 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
damatebiTi informacia<br />
es savarjiSo damyarebulia samxreT afrikis respublikis umaRles sasamarTloSi 2001 w. Sesul sarCelze.<br />
samxreT afrikis respublikis farmacevtuli mwarmoeblebis asociaciam, saqme aRZra samxreT afrikis<br />
respublikisa da saqmeSi CarTul sxva subieqtebis winaaRmdeg, maT Soris, mkurnalobis mxardamWeri<br />
moZraobis kompaniis winaaRmdeg. sarCeli Sidsi/HIV infeqciis samkurnalo wamlebze maTi patentebis<br />
ignorirebisaTvis da daupatentebeli iaffasiani wamlebis importirebisaTvis Sidsi/HIV infeqciiT<br />
daavadebuli milionobiT adamianis mkurnalobis mizniT.<br />
mosamarTleebs mouxdaT ori mxaris sxvadasxva interesebisa da uflebebis dabalanseba. erTis mxriv, samxreT<br />
afrikis farmacevtuli mwarmoeblebis asociacia moiTxovda sakuTrebis uflebis, Tanaswori pirobebis da<br />
vaWrobis Tavisufali arCevanis, profesiisa da biznenis uflebis dacvas, xolo meore mxriv mTavroba da<br />
mkurnalobis mxardamWeri moZraobis kampania acxadebda, rom saxelmwifos vali iyo pativi eca, daecva da<br />
Seesrulebina misi moqalaqeebis ZiriTadi uflebebi Rirsebisa da sicocxlis Sesaxeb.<br />
Tavis istoriul gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom sakuTrebis ufleba ufro dabali rangis iyo,<br />
vidre adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi Rirsebisa da sicocxlis Sesaxeb, da amdenad, is unda SezRuduliyo.<br />
Sedegad wamlebis mwarmoeblebma uari Tqves sarCelze. am gadawyvetilebas farTo sazogadoeba miesalma da<br />
Sefasda, rogorc “namdvili triumfi da daviTis gamarjveba goliaTze, aramarto samxreT afrikaSi, aramed<br />
bevri sxva ganviTarebadi qveynebis xalxebisaTvis, romlebic ibrZvian janmrTelobis uflebis<br />
mosapoveblad”. (arasamTavrobo organizaciebis erToblivi pres reilizi, 19 aprili, 2001 w) “es aris<br />
Raribebis iSviaTi da Zalze mniSvnelovani gamarjveba mZlavr mravalerovnul kompaniebze! magram, amJamad<br />
Cveni mizania, vimuSaoT wamlebis mwarmoeblebTan da mTavrobasTan erTad, raTa mivawodoT wamlebi maT,<br />
visac Wirdeba” (kevin votkinsi, oqsfami)<br />
Sidsi da globalizaciis tendenciebi<br />
mdidar qveynebSi mcxovreb SidsiT inficirebul pacientebs SeuZliaT ufro kargad da didxans sicocxle<br />
antiretrovirusuli wamlebis wyalobiT, romlebsac saxelmwifo maT ufasod aZlevs. samxreTis qveynebSi<br />
ki SidsiT inficirebuli xalxi metad itanjeba da SedarebiT adre iRupeba, radgan Sidsis sawinaaRmdego<br />
mkurnaloba maTTvis miuwvdomelia. ganviTarebad qveynebSi wliuri saSualo janmrTelobis xarjebi erT<br />
sul mosaxleze Seadgens daaxloebiT 10 dolars, maSin, rodesac sammagi Terapia ganviTarebuli qveynebis<br />
pacientebisaTvis aRwevs 10 000 –dan 15 000 mde dolars weliwadSi.<br />
siRaribe, ganaTlebis dabali done da socialuri uTanasworoba aCqarebs epidemiis gavrcelebas, magram<br />
upirveles yovlisa problema politikuria da exeba mTavrobebs, saerTaSoriso organizaciebs da<br />
farmacevtul kompaniebs. efeqturobis gazrdis mizniT Sidsis winaaRmeg brZola moiTxovs ZiriTadi<br />
saerTaSoriso meqanizmebisa da organizaciebis CarTvas, amaTgan umniSvnelovanesia IMF - saerTaSoriso<br />
savaluto fondi, WTO - msoflio savaWro organizacia, TRIPS - inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebis<br />
savaWro aspeqtebi, GATS - generaluri SeTanxmeba vaWrobasa da servisze, da davebis gadawyvetis<br />
organizacia, romelic fatqiurad asrulebs WTO-s tribunalis funqciebs.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
335
dasarigebeli masala<br />
roluri baraTebi sasamarTlo procesis inscenirebisaTvis<br />
roluri baraTi: Pharma Inc<br />
Tqven warmoadgenT PPharma Inc –is ufrosi xelmZRvaneli pirebis jgufs. Tqveni kompania aris msoflios<br />
erTerTi wamyvani wamlis mwarmoebeli. Tqven nayidi gaqvT Sidsis/HIV infeqciis samkurnalo ZiriTadi<br />
medikamentebis komerciuli gamoyenebis ufleba. Tqven unda SeinarCunoT kompaniis mogebis done da aseve<br />
gaaxaroT Tqveni aqcionerebi. amdenad Tqven gsurT daicvaT kompaniis ufleba daawesos gasayidi fasebi<br />
sakuTar produqciaze mecnieruli kvlevis, warmoebis da kompaniis TanamSromlebis xelfasebze gaweuli<br />
xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT. agvarad, Tuki sxva firmas eqneba saSualeba gaakeTos Tqveni produqciis<br />
asli da gayidos ufro dabal fasebSi es safrTxes Seuqmnis kompaniis mogebas da mdgradobas.<br />
amitomac Tqven unda gaaerTianoT Zalebi sxva wamyvan farmacevtul kompaniebTan raTa win aRudgeT<br />
nebismieri saxelmwifos mcdelobas gaakeTos Tqveni produqciis asli da gayidos ufro dabal fasebSi.<br />
Tqven gadawyvetili gaqvT sarCeli SeitanoT aseTi saxelmwifos winaaRmedeg Tu saWiro gaxdeba.<br />
samxreT afrikis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg ukve Setanili gaqvT msgavsi xasiaTis sarCeli.<br />
unda moamzadoT argumentebi Tqveni poziciis dasacavad. Tqven geZlevaT 5 wuTi sasamarTlo procesze<br />
argumentebis warsadgenad.<br />
roluri baraTi: samxreT afrikis mTavroba<br />
Tqven xarT samxreT afrikis mTavrobis umaRlesi oficialuri pirebi. Tqveni mTavroba cdilobs reagireba<br />
moaxdinos farmacevtuli kompaniebis moTxovnaze, romlebmac sarCeli Seitanes Tqven winaaRmdeg. Pharma<br />
Inc cdilobs win aRudges nebismieri saxelmwifos mcdelobas gaakeTos misi produqciis asli da<br />
gayidos ufro dabal fasebSi anu Seamciros misi produqciis sacalo fasi. principSi Tqven eTanxmebiT<br />
Pharma Inc-is pozicias.<br />
Tumca saxalxo moZraoba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mkurnalobis mxardamWeri moZraobis kampania<br />
acxadebs, rom saxelmwifos konstituciuri valdebuleba aris uzrunvelyos iaffasiani wamlebis<br />
xelmsiwvdomoba, gansakuTrebiT Sidsi/HIV infeqciis epidemiis gaTvaliswinebiT. Tqven reagireba<br />
moaxdineT sazogadoebis politikur zewolaze da gaeciT iaffasiani kopirebuli wamlebis<br />
importirebis nebarTva iseTi qveynebidan rogoricaa indonezia.<br />
unda moamzadoT argumentebi Tqveni poziciis dasacavad. Tqven geZlevaT 5 wuTi sasamarTlo procesze<br />
argumentebis warmosadgenad.<br />
roluri baraTi: mkurnalobis mxadamWeri moZraobis kampania<br />
Tqven xarT samxreT afrikis mkurnalobis mxadamWeri kampaniis aqtivistTa jgufi. kampania acxadebs, rom<br />
saxelmwifo pasuxismgebelia iaffasiani medikamentebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaze gansakuTrebiT<br />
Sidsi/HIV infeqciis epidemiis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavrobam moaxdina reagireba da daiwyo iaffasiani<br />
wamlebis importireba.<br />
Tqven aseve acxadebT, rom saxelmwifos valia finansuri daxmareba gauwios Sidsi/HIV daavadebis<br />
winaaRmdeg mebrZol pirebs da organizaciebs.<br />
magram samxreT afrikis mTavrobas mouxda sasamarTlos winaSe wardgoma farmacevtuli kompaniebis<br />
sarCelis safuZvelze, romlebic cdiloben win aRudgen TavianTi produqciis kopirebas da iaf fasebSi<br />
gayidvas. amitomac Tqven gadawyvetili gaqvT mxari dauWiroT mTavrobas da daicvaT saxelmwifos roli<br />
iaffasiani wamlebis uzrunveyofaSi.<br />
unda moamzadoT argumentebi Tqveni poziciis dasacavad. Tqven geZlevaT 5 wuTi sasamarTlo procesze<br />
argumentebis warmosadgenad<br />
336 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
oluri baraTi: mosamarTleebi<br />
Tqven xarT mosamarTleebis jgufi, romlebic ganixilaven wamyvani farmacevtuli kompaniebis sarCels<br />
samxreT afrikis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, es kompniebi cdiloben SeaCeron TavianTi produqciis kopireba da<br />
iaf fasebSi gayidva. samxreT afrikis mkurnalobis mxadamWeri kampaniis aqtivistTa jgufi icavs mTavrobis<br />
pozicias.<br />
Tqveni roli mdgomareobs moiwvioT samive mxare raTa warmoadginon TavianTi poziciebi. gamosvlebis<br />
bolos ar unda gaakeToT raime daskvna an gamoitanoT ganaCeni. Tqveni amocana aris daazustoT poziciebi da<br />
SeajamoT argumentebi aTi moTxovnebis mxardasaWerad.<br />
ZiriTadi problema adamianTa uflebebis konfliqturi pretenziebis gadaWra. mopasuxe (mTavroba da<br />
samxreT afrikis mkurnalobis mxadamWeri kampania) moiTxovs sicocxlis da Rirsebis uflebis dacvas, xolo<br />
mosarCele (PPharma Inc) moiTxovs sakuTrebis uflebis dacvas. sasamarTlos oficialuri oqmebSi es Semdegi<br />
saxiT aris formulirebuli: “sicocxlisa da Rirsebis ufleba aris adamianis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
ufleba da yvela sxva piradi uflebis saTave. adamianis uflebebze dafuZnebuli sazogadoebis samsaxurSi<br />
yofna gvavaldebulebs davayenoT es 2 ufleba danarenebze maRla. da es saxelmwifos mier demonstrirebuli<br />
unda iqnas mis yovel qmedebaSi, mis mier damnaSaveebis dasjis CaTvliT”.<br />
sawinaaRmdego:<br />
“sakuTrebis ufleba daculia samxreT afrikis konstituciis 25 nawiliT, romelic acxadebs: sakuTreba<br />
25 (1): aravis ar SeiZleba CamoerTvas sakuTreba garda zoadi kanondeblbiT gansazRvruli SemTxvevebisa, da<br />
araviTari kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs qonebis TviTnebur CamorTmevas”.<br />
unda moamzadoT SekiTxvebi samive mxarisaTvis. Tqven geZlevaT 10 wuTi SekiTxvebis dasmisaTvis da<br />
pasuxebis mosenisaTvis.<br />
instruqciebi mcire jgufebisaTvis me-2 nawilSi<br />
Tqven xarT 4 adamianisgan Semdgari jgufi, TiToeuli weri warmoadgens 4 gansxavebul mxares:<br />
� Pharma Inc<br />
� samxreT afrikis mTavroba<br />
� mkurnalobis mxardamWeri kampaniis warmomadgeneli aqtivistebi<br />
� mosamarTleebis jgufi, romlebic ganixilaven wamyvani farmacevtuli kompaniebis sarCels<br />
instuqciebi<br />
1. yvela pirovnebam rig-rigobiT unda warmoadginos sakuTari Tavi da mxare, romelsac is warmoadgens, anu<br />
roli, romelsac is asrulebs.<br />
2. Semdeg TiToeulma pirovnebam unda gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba sasamarTlos bolos Seqmnil<br />
situaciasTan dakavirebiT. vinc fiqrobs, rom advili iqneba gadawyvetilebis povna unda aswios mwvane<br />
baraTi, xolo vinc fiqrobs, rom es rTuli iqneba aswios wiTeli baraTi.<br />
3. axla Tqveni amocana aris mixvideT damakmayofilebel gadawyvetilebamde, romelic emyareba 4 mxares<br />
Soris miRweul konsensuss. diskusia unda warmarToT raundebad. mosamarTle Tavmjdomareobs diskusias<br />
da sakuTar pozicias afiqsirebs bolos.<br />
� pirveli raundi: daafiqsireT Tqveni pozicia<br />
� meore raundi: warmoadgineT Tqveni ideebi prbleaTa gadawyvetis Sesaxeb<br />
� mesame raundi: moilaparakeT sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
4. yuradRebiT mousminoT erTmaneTs. yvela raundis bolos unda aswioT Sesabamis feris baraTi, raTa<br />
daafiqsiroT Tqveni azri damakmayofilebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
5. konsensusis Ziebis procesis bolos airCieT erTi pirovneba, romelic plenarul sxdomaze gaakeTebs<br />
moxsenebas Sedegebis Sesaxeb.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
337
adamianis uflebaTa kalendari<br />
Semdegi kalendari aris pirveli mcdeloba im dReebis siis Sedgenisa,<br />
rodesac mTel msoflioSi aRniSnaven adamianis uflebebs, RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi moicavs: gaeros mier oficialurad gamocxdebul saerTaSoriso<br />
TariRebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier aRiarebul saerTaSoriso<br />
dReebs, istoriuli movlenebis iubileebs da adamianis uflebaTa damcveli<br />
zogierTi cnobili pirovnebebis dabadebis dReebs. es ar unda miviRoT<br />
rogor srulyofili an dasrulebuli sia, aramed rogorc axalgazrdebTan<br />
muSaobis sawyisi nabiji. mesame nawilSi savarjiSoebi CamoTvlilia<br />
jvaredini SedarebisTvis.<br />
SeiZleba gakeTdes kalendris asli da gakeTdes plakatad, raTa<br />
Camoikidos kedelze adamianis uflebaTa sferosTan dakavSirebuli<br />
interesis stimulirebisaTvis. miTumetes, rom is karg miTiTebas iZleva<br />
maTi speqtrisa da gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb. monawileebi SeiZleba moiwvioT<br />
imsjelon SerCeul sakiTxebze da aseve moipovon adgilobrivi da erovnuli<br />
RirSesaniSnavi TariRebi, romlebic SeiZleba daumatoT kalendars raTa<br />
SeqmnaT wyaro, romlsac ufro individualuri xasiaTi eqneba.<br />
me-3 nawilSi moyvanil yvela savarjiSos aqvs Tavis RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi. amdenad SesaZlebelia kalendris gamoyeneba rogorc instrumentis<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis wliuri programis Sesadgenad.<br />
yoveli kviris an Tvis sawyisi wertili SeiZleba iyos “Tematuri”<br />
savarjiSo. mag. 3 maiss presis Tavisuflebis saerTaSoriso dRes<br />
SegiZliaT SeasruloT savarjiSo “pirveli gverdi” (gv. 217) an 25 noembers<br />
qalebis mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso dRes SegiZliaT<br />
SeasruloT savarjiSo “saSinao saqmeebi” (gv.134). alternatiuli varianti<br />
aris jgufis mier “qmedebaze gadasvla” da im RonisZiebebSi CarTva,<br />
romlebsac sxva organizaciebi awyoben amave TariRis aRsaniSnavad mag. 22<br />
aprils garemos damcvelTa jgufTan erTad dedamiwis dRis aRniSvna.<br />
radganac adamianis uflebebis gageba icvleba da viTardeba<br />
yovelwliurad aseve unda Seicvalos es kalendaric. TqvenTvis – am<br />
saxelmZRvanelos momxmareblebisaTvis – gamowveva aris ipovoT adamianis<br />
uflebebisadmi miZRvnili zeimis axali gzebi yovel dRe mTeli wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
TariRi aRniSvna savarjiSo<br />
8 ianvari mwignobrobis saerTaSoriso dRe ganaTleba yvelasaTvis<br />
20 Tebervali araZaladobrivi winaaRmdegobis dRe eleqtrosadguri<br />
21 Tebervali mSobliuri enis saerTaSoriso dRe (iunesko) enobrivi barieri<br />
8 marti qalTa saerTaSoriso dRe gmirebi<br />
21 marti poeziis saerTaSoriso dRe dasuraTebuli TamaSebi<br />
21 marti rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso dRe uari rasizms<br />
22 marti wylis saerTaSoriso dRe sicocxlis qseli<br />
23 marti meteorologiis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
24 marti tuberkulozis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
erTi wuTiT<br />
7 aprili janmrTelobis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
8 aprili boSaTa saerTaSoriso dRe gadadgi nabiji win<br />
22 aprili dedamiwis dRe sicocxlis qseli<br />
338 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
23 aprili wignisa da saavtoro uflebebis saerTaSoriso dRe (iunesko)<br />
30 aprili holokostis memorialuri dRe<br />
1 maisi mSromelTa saerTaSoriso dRe gansxavebuli xelfasebi,<br />
saubari profkavSirebTans<br />
3 maisi presis Tavisuflebis saerTaSoriso dRe pirveli gevrdi<br />
8 maisi wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso dRe `bingos~ uflebebi<br />
15 maisi ojaxebis saerTaSoriso dRe samsaxuri da bavSvebi<br />
17 maisi telekomunikaciebis saerTaSoriso dRe internetis gavlena<br />
31 maisi Tambaqos sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
4 ivnisi agresiis msxverpli udanaSaulo bavSvebis saerTaSoriso dRe. ra alternativebi gagvaCnia?<br />
5 ivnisi ekologiis saerTaSoriso dRe baRi erT RameSi<br />
15 ivnisi warmoebis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
17 ivnisi gaudabnoebisa da gvalvis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
20 ivnisi ltolvilTa saerTaSoriso dRe SeiZleba Semovide?<br />
21 ivnisi mSvidobisa da Semwynareblobis saerTaSoriso dRe yvela Tanaswori, yvela<br />
gansxvavebuli<br />
26 ivnisi narkomaniisa da ukanono trafikingis sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
26 ivnisi wamebis msxverplTa mxardaWeris gaeros saerTaSoriso dRe roca dadgeba xvalindeli<br />
dRe<br />
26 ivnisi gaeros wesdebis dRe enobrivi barieri<br />
ivlisis pirveli<br />
SabaTi<br />
kooperativebis saerTaSoriso dRe viTamaSoT!<br />
11 ivlisi msoflios mosaxleobis dRe<br />
6 agvisto hirosimas dRe (moixseniebs pirveli atomuri dabombvis msxverplT,<br />
romelsac adgili hqonda hirosimaSi, iaponiaSi 1945 w).<br />
7 agvisto transgenderuli saerTaSoriso uflebebisa da ganaTlebis dRe vin varT Cven?<br />
9 agvisto aborigenTa saerTaSoriso dRe maka _ veSapaebze monadire<br />
12 agvisto axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso dRe Cveni momavlis variantebi<br />
23 agvisto monobiT vaWrobis da misi gauqmebis mosaxseniebeli saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
(iunesko)<br />
21 seqtemberi mSvidobis dRe saxarjo fuli<br />
8 seqtemberi ganaTlebis/mwignobrobis saerTaSoriso dRe (iunesko) globalizaciis terminologiuri<br />
leqsikoni<br />
16 seqtemberi ozonis Sris dacvis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
7 oqtomberi msoflio habitatis dRe (qalaqebi barakebis gareSe) ori qalaqis ambavi<br />
oqtombris meore bunebrivi katastrofebis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
oTxSabaTi<br />
1 oqtomberi moxucTa saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
1 oqtomberi musikis saerTaSoriso dRe erTi msoflio, erTi<br />
simRera<br />
5 oqtomberi maswavlebelTa saerTaSoriso dRe (iunesko) dae, yvela xma iyos<br />
gagonili<br />
10 oqtomberi mentaluri janmrTelobis saerTaSoriso dRe sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
16 oqtomberi kvebis saerTaSoriso dRe sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
17 oqtomberi siRaribis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso dRe brZola uflebisa da<br />
ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
24 oqtomberi informaciis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso dRe yuradRebiT, Cven yvelafers<br />
vxedavT!<br />
24 oqtomberi gaeros dRe amoirCie!<br />
3 noemberi mamakacTa saerTaSoriso dRe gmirebi<br />
9 noemberi `brolis Rame~, faSizmisa da anti-semitizmis sawinaaRmdego<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe.<br />
9 noemberi 1989 berlinis kedlis dacema TanamSromlobis kvanZebi<br />
11 noemberi mSvidobisa da mecnierebis saerTaSoriso dRe siRaribis horoskopi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
339
16 noemberi Semwynareblobis saerTaSoriso dRe (iunesko) Zaladoba Cems cxovrebaSi<br />
20 noemberi bavSvTa sayovelTao dRe bavSvTa uflebebi<br />
21 noemberi televiziis saerTaSoriso dRe dasuraTebuli TamaSebi<br />
25 noemberi qalebis mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso dRe Tanasworobis qveynisaken<br />
mimavali gza<br />
29 noemberi palestinis xalxis mimarT solidarobis saerTaSoriso dRe medikamentebis<br />
1 dekemberi Sidsis saerTaSoriso dRe (msoflio jandacvis organizacia) xelmisawvdomoba<br />
2 dekemberi monobis gauqmebis saerTaSoriso dRe aSikis ambavi<br />
3 dekemberi invalidebis saerTaSoriso dRe sakuTari SesaZleblobebis<br />
danaxva<br />
5 dekemberi ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso moxalisis<br />
dRe<br />
sad dgaxar Sen?<br />
10 dekemberi adamianis uflebaTa dRe (1948) TamaSi `daxate sityva~<br />
inscenireba `roca<br />
xvalindeli dRe dadgeba~<br />
18 dekemberi emigrantTa saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
29 dekemberi biomravalferovnebis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
? dRe rodesac xmis ufleba sayovelTao gaxda Tqvens qveyanaSi vaZlevT Tu ara xmas?<br />
340 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Tavi 3<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla
3 Tavis Sinaarsi<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla ............................................................................................................................................................<br />
aqtivobis aucilebloba ....................................................................................................................................................<br />
zogierTi martivi nabiji aqtivobisaken ...........................................................................................................<br />
gaarkvie; miyevi movlenebs kvaldakval .........................................................................................................<br />
gaxade sakiTxebi sajaro ...........................................................................................................................................<br />
gaaerTiane Zalebi sxva organizaciasTan ......................................................................................................<br />
Sedegebis miReba! ..............................................................................................................................................................<br />
moqmedebis gegmis Sedgena ................................................................................................................................................<br />
sad dgaxarT? ......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
raSi mdgomareobs mizani? .........................................................................................................................................<br />
rogor mivaRwioT mizans? ........................................................................................................................................<br />
345<br />
345<br />
346<br />
346<br />
348<br />
350<br />
352<br />
353<br />
354<br />
355<br />
356
aqtivobis aucilebloba<br />
moqmedebaze gadasvla<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTleba nawilobriv Seexeba adamianis<br />
uflebaTa mimarT pativiscemis ganviTarebas. magram is ar Semoifargleba<br />
mxolod am amocaniT, radganac imisdamiuxedavad ramdenad vcemT Cven, Cveni<br />
kolegebi da megobrebi pativs adamianis uflebebs, Cven vcxovrobT<br />
samyaroSi, romelic savsea adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebiT.<br />
samwuxarod Cven ar SegviZlia am darRvevebis SeCereba ubralod ganaTlebis<br />
saSualebiT – yovel SemTxvevaSi axlo momavalSi.<br />
amas axalgazrdebic xedaven, ramac zogjer SeiZleba CaSalos kidec<br />
Cveni saganmanaTleblo mcdelobebi. bolos da bolos ra saWiroa adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis codna Tu mas aravin aqcevs yuradRebas<br />
realur samyaroSi? ra saWiroa uflebaTa darRvevis aRiareba Tu ar<br />
arsebobs raime risi gakeTebac Cven SegviZlia maT aRmosafxvrelad?<br />
axalgazrdebisaTvis mowodeba imoqmedon adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis<br />
winaaRmdeg mniSvnelovania ara marto imitom, rom maT realurad SeuZliaT<br />
cvlilebis Setana samyaroSi, aramed imitomac, rom maT surT amis gakeTeba.<br />
gacnobiereba imisa, rom maT qmedebebs realurad SeuZliaT mdgomareobis<br />
Secvla maT Zalasa da mxneobas Sematebs, garda amisa adamianTa uflebebis<br />
gagebas cxovrebiseuli SinaarsiT gaamdidrebs, rasac vercerTi savarjiSo an<br />
gakveTili ver SeZlebda.<br />
ra meTodebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT?<br />
am Tavis me-2 nawili eZRvneba konkretul qmedebebs, romelic SegiZliaT<br />
Tqven jgufTan erTad ganaxorcieloT. am Sesavlis Semdeg Cven ganvixilavT<br />
zogierT martiv nabijs aqtivobisaken: martivi qmebebis mTeli rigi,<br />
romelTac SeiZleba efeqturi Sedegebi mogvitanos. isini 4 qveTavadaa<br />
Camoyalibebuli:<br />
1. informaciis SekrebaE<br />
2. sazogadoebis yuradRebis miqceva problemur sakiTxebze<br />
3. arsebul organizaciebTan dakavSireba<br />
4. Sedegebis miRweva!<br />
es kategoriebi ufro saorganizacio miznebisTvis aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli, vidre raime konkretuli Tanmimdevrobis aRsaniSnavad.<br />
Tumca yoveli momdevno kategoria ufro met aqtivobas moiTxovs. es ar<br />
unda iyos gagebuli rigidulad radganac bevri SemoTavazebuli qmedeba<br />
faqtobrivad erTze met kategorias miekuTvneba. mniSvnelovania, rom maTi<br />
ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad da SedarebiT<br />
nakleb momzadebas moiTxovs.<br />
SemoTavazebuli winadadebebi TavisTavad ar aris radikaluri da<br />
SesaZlebelia rom bevr maTgans Tqven ukve axorcielebT kidec muSaobis<br />
dros – plakatebis momzadeba, sakiTxebze debatebis gamarTva, kulturuli<br />
RonisZiebebis organizeba, sxvadasxva organizaciebTan Sexvedra, werilebis<br />
dawera da a.S. magram am erTi SexedviT martiv meTodebs aseve<br />
profesionalebic iyeneben da sakmaod warmatebuladac.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“rasac Tqven akeTebT<br />
SeiZleba saSinlad<br />
umniSvnelod<br />
geCvenebodeT, magram<br />
Zalze mniSvnelovania<br />
rom amis miuxedavad<br />
Tqven gaagrZeloT misi<br />
keTeba”.<br />
mahaTma gandi<br />
“vinc borotebas<br />
ubrZolvelad egueba,<br />
faqtiurad, misi<br />
mxardamWeria”.<br />
martin luTer kingi<br />
345
“Tu Sen yvirixar “win”<br />
zustad unda icode ra<br />
mimarTulebiT unda waxvide.<br />
ratom ver xvdebi, rom<br />
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Seni<br />
mowodeba exeba rogorc bers,<br />
aseve revolucionersac da<br />
isini sruliad sapirispiro<br />
mimarTulebiT imoZraveben~<br />
anton Cexovi<br />
faqtobrivad TiTqmis nebismieri meTodis gamoyeneba SeiZleba. Tqveni<br />
muSaoba jgufTan Sefasdeba rogorc socialurad aqtiuri Tqvns mier<br />
dasaxuli miznebis da klasgareSe, realur pirobebSi Catarebuli<br />
samuSaobis Sedegad.<br />
dagegmva<br />
am Tavis mesame nawili exeba efeqtur dagegmarebas. ra Tqma unda<br />
dagegmva pirveli etapia da rasac ar unda akeTebdeT is aucileblad<br />
moiTxovs winaswar detalur dagegmvas. magram es nawili SemoTavazebulia<br />
ara imdenad Tqven dasxmareblad romelime savarjiSos SesrulebaSi, aramed<br />
Tqveni aqtivobis strategiuli midgomis SemuSavebisaTvis, mas Semdeg rac<br />
monawileebi ufro Rrmad gaerkvevian sakiTxTa arsSi. da rodesac jgufi<br />
mzad iqneba ufro sistematuri midgomis ganxorcielebisaTvis, maSin albaT<br />
sasargeblo iqneba dagegmvis savarjiSoebis gadaxedva da zogierTi maTganis<br />
damuSaveba. savarjiSoebi daexmareba jgufs ufro zustad da mkafiod<br />
gansazRvron da Camoayalibon<br />
is miznebi, romelTa miRwevac maT surT da rac ufro ukeT SeeZlebaT<br />
amis gakeTeba miT ufro maRali iqneba maTi warmatebis Sansi.<br />
mieciT jgufs saSualeba gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazrebebi da ideebi,<br />
romlebic SesaZloa ukeT Seesabameba maT unarCvevebs da amdenad ufro meti<br />
Sansia rom ukeTesi Sedegi moitanos.<br />
zogierTi martivi nabiji aqtivobisaken<br />
gaarkvie; miyevi movlenebs kvaldakval<br />
aravis SeuZlia raimes gakeTeba Tu ar icis ra xdeba mis garSemo.<br />
informaciis miReba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabijia efeqturi<br />
aqtivobisaken, radganac swored miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze<br />
vsazRvravT Tu risi gakeTeba SegviZlia. magram ar CaTvaloT informaciis<br />
moZieba aucileblad mSral da statikur saqmed. Cven mTlianad garemoculi<br />
varT informaciiT da unda gamoviyenoT SemoqmedebiTi unari raTa<br />
visargebloT sxvadasxva wyaroebiT.<br />
gaarkvieT ra xdeba lokalur doneze<br />
� gadaxedeT adgilobriv da erovnul presas uflebebis darRvevis<br />
Sesaxeb statiebis aRmosaCenad<br />
� daukavSirdiT statiebSi moxseniebul pirebs im istoriebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, romlebic gansakuTrebiT gainteresebT an gawuxebT:<br />
SesaZloa vinme ukve iRebs garkveul zomebs am ambavTan<br />
dakavSirebiT?<br />
� gaakeTeT sxvadasxva SemTxvevebis kedlis kolaJi da erTmaneTs<br />
daukavSireT erTsadaimave istoriasTan dakavSirebuli ambebi;<br />
miadevneT Tvali rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi.<br />
� Tqven jgufTan erTad imsjeleT sakiTxebis gadawyvetis SesaZlo<br />
gzebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� gaesaubreT umciresobaTa an araprivilegirebul jgufebs da<br />
gaarkvieT ra problemebi awuxebT maT.<br />
346 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
? sad ra xdeba?<br />
rogori mdgomareobaa Tqvens qveyanaSi sxva qveynebTan<br />
SedarebiT?<br />
� gaarkvieT romel saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebze aqvs Tqvens<br />
qveyanas xeli mowerili da ras exeba es xelSekrulebebi?<br />
� gaarkvieT aqvT Tu ara saerTaSoriso adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
moRvawe arasamTavrobo organizaciebs (rogoricaa saerTaSoriso<br />
amnistia, adamianis uflebaTa ligebis saerTaSoriso federacia, an<br />
Human Rights Watch) axali informacia Tqveni qveynis Sesaxeb an<br />
raime pretenzia Tqveni qveynisadmi<br />
� gaarkvieT ras akeTebs mTavroba amasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
� gaarkvieT adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli<br />
romeli arasamTavrobo organizacia arsebobs Tqvens qveyanaSi<br />
gaarkvieT ra xdeba msoflioSi<br />
� moifiqreT adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli romeli sakiTxebi<br />
gawuxebT yvelaze metad da gaarkvieT msoflios romel nawilSia es<br />
uflebebi gansakuTrebuli safrTxis qveS.<br />
� aRniSneT am uflebebis darRvevebi msoflios ruqaze.<br />
� aiReT romelime konkretuli qveyana an regioni (ara Tqveni<br />
sakuTari) da gansazRvreT am regionSi uflebebis darRvevis<br />
ZiriTadi wyaroebi.<br />
� gaarkvieT, romeli organizaciebi zrunaven am problemebis<br />
gadawyvetaze da daukavSirdiT maT damatebiTi informaciis<br />
misaRebad.<br />
� gadaxedeT saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis da<br />
samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciebis (evrosabWo, gaero, gaeros<br />
ganviTarebis programa, gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariati,<br />
da a.S.) vebgberdebis publikaciebs<br />
moqmedeba<br />
magaliTi: CaatareT gamokiTxva Tqvens ubanSi.<br />
gamokiTxva SeiZleba iyos mniSvnelovani gza adgilobriv<br />
sazogadoebasTan kontaqtebis dasamyareblad Tu Tqven marTla gindaT<br />
efeqturi qmedebis ganxorcieleba. SegiZliaT daakvirdeT rogor reagirebs<br />
xalxi konkretul sakiTxebze; es ki dagexmarebaT miiRoT gadawyvetileba<br />
qmedebis ganxorcielebis gzebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gansakuTrebiT saWiro da<br />
praqtikulia Tqvens sazogadoebaSi. xalxTan saubari aseve kargi gzaa im<br />
samuSaos sajarod gaxdisaTvis, romelsac Tqven akeTebT, sxvebis<br />
informirebis da damatebiTi mxardaWeris mopovebisTvis. nebismieri<br />
gamokiTxva aseve SeiZleba Serwymuli iyos ufro konkretul qmedebebTan.<br />
? ramdenad kargad icnobT Tqveni sazogadoebis wevrebis azrs?<br />
vin SeiZleba gamovkiTxoT?<br />
gamokiTxva SeiZleba Catardes...<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
347
� im xalxs Soris, romelsac piradad icnobT – Tqveni megobrebi da<br />
ojaxis wevrebi<br />
� Tqven skolaSi – moswavleebi an maswavleblebi (an orive)<br />
� quCaSi<br />
� umciresobis jgufebSi, an sxva arapirivilegirebul wreebSi<br />
� sxva axalgazrdul jgufebSi<br />
� biznes wreebSi<br />
� safosto yuTebSi anketebis CagdebiT (da dabrundiT mogvianebiT maT<br />
Sesagroveblad).<br />
ra SeiZleba gamovikvlioT?<br />
gamokiTxvis Casatareblad SegiZliaT airCioT Semdegi Temebi, mag<br />
gadaxedeT savarjiSos “mivceT Tu ara xma” 122 gv-ze specifiuri<br />
gamokiTxvis CatarebisaTvis saWiro detalebis gasacnobad.<br />
� gaarkvieT ra ician sxvebma adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb:<br />
� ician maT sakuTari uflebebi kanondamcavi organizaciebis mier maTi<br />
dakavebis SemTxvevaSi?<br />
� ician maT anti-diskriminaciuli kanonmdeblobis<br />
� Sesaxeb?<br />
� ician maT [mag.] raime konkretuli kanoni,<br />
� romelic ganixileba mocemuli momentisaTvis<br />
� parlamentSi?<br />
� ician maT ra zomebis miReba SeuZliaT sakuTari<br />
� uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi?<br />
� gaarkvieT ra aris maTTvis mniSvnelovani:<br />
� adamianTa uflebebis romeli aspeqtebi aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi?<br />
� maTi azriT, sad irRveva uflebebi yvelaze seriozulad?<br />
� awuxebT maT [mag] darRvevis romelime konkretuli sakiTxi?<br />
� rodesme umoqmediaT romelime konkretuli SemTxvevis sapasuxod?<br />
� gaarkvieT iqneba Tu ara xalxi mzad imoqmedos, Tuki dairRveva<br />
maTi romelime ZiriTadi ufleba?:<br />
� gaakeTeben isini rames am sakiTxis mimarT<br />
� TavianTi ukmayofilebis gamosaxatavad?<br />
� arian isini mzad quCis aqciebSi monawileobis misaRebad?<br />
� iqnebian isini mzad xeli moaweron raime peticias?<br />
� iqnebian isini mzad miweron (xeli moaweron) werili mTavrobis<br />
pirs?<br />
? romeli sakiTxebi gawuxebT Tqven? iqnebodiT Tqven mzad<br />
gagekeTebinaT raime am problemebis gadasaWrelad?<br />
gaxadeT movlenebi sajaro<br />
aqtivizmis warmatebis safuZveli aris raodenoba. politikosebs mTel<br />
msoflioSi uxdebaT raodenobis gaTvaliswineba, radganac arcerTi<br />
individi ar aris ufro Zlieri, vidre didi raodenobiT masebi. amdenad, rac<br />
ufro met xalxs miizidavT, miT ufro maRali iqneba warmatebis miRwevis<br />
Sansi.<br />
348 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
magram adamianebi Zalian dakavebulebi arian da yovelTvis ar aqvT<br />
survili dro dauTmon saqmes, romelsac TiTqos araviTari kavSiri aqvs<br />
uSualod maT cxovrebasTan. ase rom SeiZleba pirvel rigSi dagWirdeT maTi<br />
informireba da daintereseba; Tqveni qmedebis originaluri da energiuli<br />
xasiaTi aiZulebs maT mogaqcion yuradReba. zogjer iumoris saSualebiT<br />
scadeT SeaCeroT da miiqcioT maTi yuradReba – da ecadeT maTi Sokirebac<br />
ki. Tqven mTeli yuradReba unda miipyroT!<br />
� gaakeTeT plakati, an plakatebis seria raTa miapyroT yuradReba<br />
romelime konkretul sakiTxs. moawyveT gamofena da moiwvieT<br />
megobrebi da ojaxis wevrebi mis dasaTvaliereblad<br />
� SeqmeniT vebgverdi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi Tqveni jgufis<br />
muSaobis Sesaxeb informaciis gamosaqveyneblad<br />
� daarseT internet–forumi da uTxariT megobrebs amis Sesaxeb.<br />
ecadeT CarToT sxvadasxva qveynebis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
� moamzadeT video filmi an Teatraluri warmodgena adamianis<br />
uflebaTa Temaze (ix. savarjiSo ”inscenireba” 170 gv-ze)<br />
� dawereT simRera, musikaluri kompozicia, an scenari da SeasruleT<br />
is!<br />
� moawyveT sajaro debatebi adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis garSemo da<br />
moiwveiT megobrebi masSi monawileobis misaRebad.<br />
� moamzadeT sainformacio bukleti adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb;<br />
daarigeT isini quCebSi, an CaagdeT safosto yuTebSi.<br />
� dawereT statia adgilobrivi (erovnuli) gazeTisaTvis.<br />
� CaerTeT Tavadac adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis sferoSi.<br />
daukavSirdiT sxva axalgazrdul jgufebs an adgilobriv skolebs<br />
da gaarkvieT surT Tu ara maT rom esaubaroT Tqveni saqmoanobis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
moqmedeba<br />
magaliTi: ecadeT daainteresoT presa<br />
? iqneba Tqvens mier organizebuli movlena sainteresoa sxva<br />
adamianebisTvis? rogor SeiZleba daainteresoT isini am<br />
informaciis wakiTxviT?<br />
Tu Tqven gegmavT raime RonisZiebis Catarebas ecadeT gamoiyenoT<br />
adgilobrivi presa da radio da telemauwyebloba maTi reklamirebisaTvis.<br />
yovelTvis umjobesia daweroT risi Tqma gindaT, radganac amiT dazogavT<br />
Jurnalistis dros. ufro didi Sansia rom Jurnalistebma gamoiyenon Tqveni<br />
werilobiTi masala Tu mas magidaze daudebT, vidre movidnen TqvenTan<br />
intervius asaRebad. es aseve uzrunvelyofs informaciis sizustes.<br />
daimaxsovreT:<br />
� Canaweri unda iyos mokle da martivi, Tavi aarideT Jargonebs da<br />
abreviaturebs.<br />
� dawereT mokle, mkafio saTauri, romelic kargad asaxavs sakiTxis<br />
arss<br />
� pirvelma abzacma unda gaacnos mkiTxvels ZiriTadi detalebi: vin,<br />
ra, rodis, sad da ratom.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
nebismieri sajarooba<br />
reklama kargi reklamaa<br />
”CemTvis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
ganaTleba aris rodesac me<br />
vmuSaob axalgazrda<br />
geebTan da lesboselebTan,<br />
vesaubrebi maT cxovrebis,<br />
maTi grZnobebis da normis<br />
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb”<br />
martin kraiCiki, moxalise<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sferoSi ganaTlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli forumis<br />
monawile<br />
349
organizacia TanamSromlebis<br />
(moxaliseebis)<br />
raodenoba<br />
� meore abzacSi ufro detalurad aRwereT Tqveni saqmianoba.<br />
� mesame abzacSi SeiZleba miawodoT nebismieri damatebiTi informacia<br />
� ar dagaviwydeT pres-relizis boloSi „dawvrilebiTi<br />
informaciisTvis sakontaqto nomris“ miTiTeba<br />
� dabeWdeT is mxolod erT furcelze da striqonebs Soris<br />
gamoiyeneT ormagi intervali.<br />
gaaerTianeT Zalebi sxva organizaciasTan<br />
CaatareT Tqvens qveyanaSi (an regionSi) moRvawe arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis gamokiTxva<br />
� Cveulebriv amis garkveva SegiZliaT adgilobriv organoebSi an<br />
Sesabamis saministroSi ara-komerciuli organizaciebis<br />
registraciis siis mopovebis saSualebiT. aseve scadeT internetSi<br />
an adgilobriv biblioTekaSi informaciis mopoveba. Tu iciT iseTi<br />
organizacia, romelic am sferoSi muSaobs isini yovleTvis<br />
SeZleben dagakavSiron sxva msgavs organizaciebTan.<br />
� ar dagaviwydeT gaarkvioT romeli saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi muSaoben Tqven qveyanaSi an romeli interesdeba<br />
Tqveni qveyniT.<br />
� gaxsovdeT, gadaxedeT im organizaciebsac romlebic aucilebeli ar<br />
aris sakuTar Tavs „adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebs“ uwodebdnen.<br />
SexedeT adamianis uflebebs farTo gagebiT da CarTeT jgufebi,<br />
romlebic SesaZloa muSaoben invalidebis, dabalSemosavliani<br />
ojaxebis, saojaxo Zaladobis msxverplTa an ekologiur sakiTxebze.<br />
iqneb moaxerxoT romelime arasamTavrobo organizaciis<br />
warmomadgenelTan Sexvedra da saubari maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, an moiwvieT<br />
isini Tqven jgufTan sasaubrod.<br />
� gaakeTeT Tqvens regionSi momuSave sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis cxrili: CamowereT uflebebi, romlebzec isini<br />
muSaoben, ra meTodebs iyeneben, maTi geografiuli gavrcelebis<br />
areali da TanamSromlebisa da moxaliseebis raodenoba.<br />
uflebebis tipebi meTodebi marTvis<br />
sfero<br />
„Greenia“ 5 (6) ekologiuri kampania,<br />
ganaTleba<br />
Amnesty<br />
International<br />
“Woman are<br />
Right!”<br />
2 (12) samoqalaqo da<br />
politikuri<br />
lobireba,<br />
kampania,<br />
werilebi<br />
10 (8) qalTa uflebebi ganaTleba,<br />
ltolvili<br />
qalebi<br />
samuSao<br />
moxaliseebisaTvis<br />
adgilobrivi masobrivi protestebi<br />
saerTaSoriso werilebis wera<br />
erovnuli bukletebis<br />
gavrceleba<br />
SesTavazeT adgilobriv organizacias moxalised muSaoba<br />
350 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
evr organizacias hyavs moxaliseTa gundi, da maT SesaZloa<br />
SemogTavazon sakuTari gamocdileba moxalised muSaobis sanacvlod.<br />
axalgazrdebs miecemaT saSualeba imuSaon am sferos profesional<br />
aqtivistebTan da SeiZinon maTTvis saWiro samuSao gamocdileba, iseve<br />
rogorc mesame seqtoris Sesaxeb ufro Rrma warmodgena.<br />
Tumca unda gaxsovdeT rom zogierTi organizacia frTxilobs<br />
moxaliseTa miRebis dros sul mcire dasawyisSi mainc, moxaliseebis saqmeSi<br />
garkvevas SeiZleba dasWirdes organizaciis mudmivi personalis drois<br />
nawili. ase rom, vidre mimarTavdeT am organizaciebs moxaliseebma unda<br />
ifiqron Semdegi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb:<br />
� SegiZliaT dauTmoT dro moxalsed muSaobas?<br />
� ramdenad gulmodgined SegiZliaT imuSaoT? SegiZliaT misceT<br />
organizacias garantia, rom Tqven saimedo moxalise iqnebiT?<br />
� ra profesiuli unar-Cvevebi gagaCniaT? ris SeTavazebas SeZlebT<br />
organizaciisTvis?<br />
� ra saqmianobas eweva organizacia? dainteresebuli xarT am<br />
sakiTxebiT?<br />
� risi miRweva gsurT amiT? gimsjeliaT organizaciasTan amis<br />
Sesaxeb?<br />
SeuerTdiT adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moRvawe adgilobriv jgufs<br />
an daarseT sakuTari.<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistia aris sawevro organizacia, romelic mudmiv<br />
TanamSromlebTan erTad eyrdnoba aTasobiT moxalisis muSaobas mTel<br />
msoflioSi. Tqveni jgufis wevrebi SeiZleba dainteresdnen masSi<br />
gawevrianebiT an gadawyviton sakuTari sainiciativo jgufis daarseba. Tqven<br />
miiRebT garkveul masalas da mxardaWeras organizaciisgan da sanacvlod<br />
Tqvengan moiTxoven kampaniaSi da aqciebis lobirebaSi daxmarebas.<br />
damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad daukavSirdiT Tqven qveyaanSi arsebul<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistiis ganyofilebas Tu aseTi arsebobs. an daukavSirdiT<br />
saerTaSoriso samdivnos londonSi, estonis quCa, WCIX, didi britaneTi<br />
an estumreT maT vebgverds: www.amnesty.org<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ligebis saerTaSoriso federacia iyo pirveli<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moRvawe organizacia, romelic Seiqmna (1922<br />
w) da misi mizania adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi da sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumenetebSi gansazRvruli uflebebis dacva. 86 qveynis<br />
105-ze meti organizacia ZiriTadad warmoadgens gamocdilebisa da<br />
solidarobis qsels, romelic afiqsirebs bevr qveyanaSi arsebul darRvevebs<br />
da romelic absolutur ndobas imsaxurebs.<br />
SeiZleba Tqven daiwyoT garkveviT aris Tu ara adamianis uflebaTa<br />
ligebis saerTaSoriso federaciaSi gawevrianebuli adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dacvis sazogadoeba Tqvens qveyanaSi da sTxovoT maT masalebis an<br />
garkveuli mosazrebebis mowodeba Tqveni qveynis Sesaxeb. www.fidh.org<br />
vebgverdze SegiZliaT ipovoT erovnuli sazogadoebebis misamarTebi da<br />
gadaxedoT gamoqveynebul moxsenebebs.<br />
moipoveT dafinanseba erT-erTi arasamTavrobo organizaciisaTvis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
`amnistia STaagonebs Cvens<br />
musikas.. musika Sors<br />
iWreba da adamianebamde<br />
aRwevs, Cveni idea ki<br />
naTelia : Tqven SegiZliaT<br />
daweroT werili an Ria<br />
baraTi gagzavnoT. da rac<br />
ufro mets gascemT miT<br />
metad aginazRaurdebaT”<br />
bono, U2 jgufis musikosi<br />
351
“nu daelodebiT liderTa<br />
miTiTebebs, imoqmedeT<br />
damoukideblad, imoZraveT<br />
erTi adamianidan<br />
mierisaken.”<br />
deda tereza<br />
erT-erTi gza adamianis uflebaTa damcavi organizaciis daxmarebisa –<br />
romelzec isini albaT uars ar ityvian _ aris maTi saqmianobisTvis fulis<br />
Segroveba. raime saqvelmoqmedo RonisZiebis Catarebamde aucileblad unda<br />
daukavSirdeT arasamTavrobo organizacias da acnoboT Tqveni<br />
gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da rogor pirebT amis gakeTebas. sTxoveT maT<br />
rCeva. zogierT organizacias mkacri wesebi aqvs dafinansebis mopovebsTan<br />
dakavSirebiT da SesaZloa ar miiRon romelime konkretuli gziT<br />
Segrovebuli fuli.<br />
ifiqreT Tqveni jgufis SesaZleblobebze da Tqveni sazogadoebis<br />
farglebSi fulis Segrovebis yvelaze efeqtur gzebze. ifiqreT arsebul<br />
SesaZleblobebze da imsjeleT jgufis wevrebTan erTad risi gakeTeba<br />
gaaxarebdaT maT yvelaze metad.<br />
? SeZlebdiT am meTodebis gamoyenebas Tqveni jgufis<br />
saqmianobisTvis fulis Sesagroveblad?<br />
� dasponsorebuli RonisZiebis Catareba (sirbili, curva, da a.S.)<br />
� Tqveni sakuTari produqciis damzadeba da gayidva (mag. suvenirebi)<br />
� diskoTekis an sxva kulturuli RonisZiebis organizeba, romelze<br />
dasaswrebadac gaiyideba bileTebi<br />
� saqvelmoqmedo bazari, meoradi moxmarebis nivTebis gayidva, bazroba<br />
da a.S.<br />
� kerZo pirebisaTvis mimarTva qvelmoqmedebis gawevis mizniT<br />
� latariis mowyoba<br />
� SesTavazeT saqvelmoqmedo organizacias daxmareba, maT mier<br />
saxsrebis Segrovebis mizniT organizebul romelime RonisZiebaSi<br />
Sedegebis miReba!<br />
es nawili ganixilavs iseT qmedebaTa mTel rigs, romlebsac<br />
specifikuri mizani aqvT da romlebsac zogadad swrafi Sedegebi moaqvT.<br />
isini ZiriTadad “erTjeradi” aqciebia da amitomac dagWirdebaT<br />
gansakuTrebiT yuradRebiT iyoT jgufTan erTad maTi dagegmvis dros. aqcia,<br />
romelic ar aRwevs sasurvel specifikur Sedegebs SeiZleba iyos Zalian<br />
damTrgunveli. amitomac darwmunebuli unda iyoT rom yoveli nabiji<br />
winaswar gaTvlili da mofiqrebulia. gadaxedeT nawils “organizeba” rac<br />
dagexmarebaT moqmedebis gegmis SedgenaSi.<br />
Tqveni mcdelobebis Serwyma reklamirebis garkveul formebTan gazrdis<br />
Sedegebs.<br />
magaliTebi:<br />
� moawyveT quCis aqcia – raTa yuradReba miapyroT adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebs. xalxs SeiZleba awuxebdes romelime axali<br />
kanonis miRebis sakiTxi: qarxnis aSenebis gegma konservaciis zonaSi,<br />
cnobili kompaniis mier warmoebuli araeTikuri biznes saqmianoba,<br />
umciresobaTa uflebebis garkveuli darRvevebi, adgilobrivi sabWos<br />
gadawyvetileba daxuron sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebi da a.S.<br />
ifiqreT ra gziT SegiZliaT Tqveni ideebis gavrceleba da vin<br />
iqneba Tqveni auditoria.<br />
352 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� moawyveT “sajaro mosmena”. cvlilebis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi<br />
gza aris darwmundeT, rom adamianebi gismenen ras amobobT Tqven.<br />
mosmenaze gavleniani adgilobrivi pirebi rogoricaa sabWos wevrebi,<br />
biznesmenebi, skolis administracia, da sazogadoebrivi liderebi<br />
sxedan komisiaSi da pasuxoben axalgazrdebis komisiis SekiTxvebs.<br />
moifiqreT visi mowveva gindaT ufrosebis komisiaSi Sesayvanad da<br />
gaugzavneT maT Sesabamisi mowvvva. imsjeleT vin gindaT iyos<br />
axalgazrdebis komisiaSi da moifiqreT SekiTxvebis sia, romlis<br />
dasmac gindaT maTTvis.<br />
� gaaumjobeseT adgilobrivi garemo. ifiqreT ra saxis garemo<br />
gWirdebaT da imsjeleT ra gziT SegiZliaT SeitanoT amaSi Tqveni<br />
wvlili. dasawyisisaTvis daasufTaveT teritoria, dargeT xeebi da<br />
yvavilebi, gawmindeT arxebi da tbebi, amiT Tqven SegiZliaT<br />
miaRwioT sasurvel Sedegs minimaluri resursebis fasad. magram<br />
SeiZleba gqondeT ufro masStaburi gegmac: ifiqreT Tqven proeqtSi<br />
sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis CarTvaze an Tqveni winadadebebis<br />
adgilobriv sabWoSi wardgenaze.<br />
� SesTavazeT daxmareba gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis jgufebs an wevrebs<br />
– es SeiZleba iyos moxucebulTa, invalidebis, dabalSemosavliani<br />
ojaxebis, umciresobebis da a.S. daxmareba. SeiZleba moisurvoT<br />
fulis Segroveba raime specifikuri mizniT mag. maTTvis tansacmliT<br />
an sakvebiT daxmareba; daxmareba maTi problemebis mimarT<br />
yuradRebis mipyrobaSi; mTavrobis mxridan maTi interesebis<br />
lobirebaSi daxmareba, an ubralod maTTvis kompaniisa da moraluri<br />
mxardaWeris SeTavazeba.<br />
� miwereT werili samTavrobo oficialur pirebs, Tqveni ubnis<br />
deputats, saxelmwifos meTaurs, biznes wreebs, presas, an sxva<br />
dainteresebul mxareebs, sadac daafiqsirebT Tqven pozicias<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. es aris saerTaSoriso<br />
amnistiis yvelaze prioritetuli sakampanio meTodi da efeqturi<br />
gza gaagebinoT am sakiTxze pasuxismgebel pirebs, rom sazogadoeba<br />
SeSfoTebulia am sakiTxis gamo.<br />
- darwmundiT, rom pirovnebisaTvis saTanado mimarTvis forma gaqvT<br />
SerCeuli<br />
- daiwyeT sakiTxis ZiriTadi arsiT gancxadebiT<br />
- ganmarteT, vin xarT da vis warmoadgenT<br />
- miuTiTeT ratom aris Tqveni adresati pasuxismgebeli am sakiTxze.<br />
- moiyvaneT maqsimum 3 punqti, da gaamyareT TiToeuli maTgani<br />
mkafio argumentebiT.<br />
- gaimeoreT sakiTxis ZiriTadi arsi werilis bolos.<br />
- miuTiTeT, ra qmedeba gindaT ganaxorcielos Tqvenma adresatma.<br />
moqmedebis gegmis Sedgena<br />
zogadad kargi aqtivoba moiTxovs karg dagegmvas. es ar niSnavs, rom<br />
Tqven unda daiwyoT zogadi gegmis SedgeniT – Tu ra Tqma unda naTeli<br />
warmodgena gaqvT Tqveni miznebis Sesaxeb, SegiZliaT scadoT am Tavis<br />
nebismieri winadadebis gamoyeneba SedarebiT naklebi momzadebis fonze.<br />
Tumca jgufTan erTad dagegmvaze muSaoba dagexmarebaT zustad gansazRvroT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“bedniereba damokidebulia<br />
Tavisuflebaze da<br />
Tavisufleba<br />
damokidebulia simamaceze”<br />
Tukidide<br />
353
“Ci ven ci yovelTvis<br />
samjer zomavda sanam<br />
gaWrida. oric sakmarisi<br />
iqneboda”.<br />
konfuci<br />
“WeSmariti codna aris<br />
vicodeT Cveni<br />
ucodinrobis zRvari”<br />
konfuci<br />
SWOT-is analizi (magaliTi)<br />
Tu ra gindaT gaakeToT da risi SesaZlebloba gaqvT da ar aris saukeTeso<br />
gza Sedegebis miRwevisaTvis. Tuki ufro masStaburi miznebi gaqvT umjobesi<br />
iqneba daiwyoT swored dagegmviT, radganac qmedeba romelic ar aRwevs<br />
sasurvel Sedegebs SeiZleba damTrgunveli iyos monawileebisaTvis. Tqveni<br />
pirvelive aqcia aucileblad warmatebuli unda iyos.<br />
ecadeT Tqven jgufTan erTad imuSaoT qvemoT CamoTvlil 4 etapad:<br />
1. SeafaseT Tqveni situacia, Tqveni Zlieri da susti mxareebi, SWOTis<br />
analitikuri meTodis gamoyenebiT.<br />
2. gadawyviteT ra problemas gindaT SeexoT da ra Sedegebi gindaT<br />
miiRoT.<br />
3. ifiqreT ra aris saukeTeso gza am Sedegebis misaRwevad Tqveni<br />
jgufis resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
4. imoqmedeT!<br />
sad dgaxarT?<br />
ra aris Tqveni jgufis Zlieri mxareebi?<br />
SWOT analizi aris Tqveni jgufis daxasiaTebis da jgufis gareT<br />
arsebuli garkveuli garemoebebis Sefasebis efeqturi gza, ramac SeiZleba<br />
gavlena moaxdonos Tqven SesaZleblobebze.<br />
� is mravalricxovania!<br />
� dro Cvens gankargulebaSia – da Cven gvinda<br />
gavakeToT raime<br />
� miSas mama politikosia<br />
� Cven gvaqvs Sexvedris adgili qalaqis centrSi<br />
� gabrielas kargi oratoruli niWi aqvs<br />
� boikas kompiuteri aqvs<br />
ra SesaZleblobebi arsebobs jgufis gareT?<br />
� axal ambebi bevr informacias gadmoscems<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
� arCevnebi axlovdeba<br />
� garkveuli grantebia gamoyofili ltolvilebis<br />
proeqtebis dasafinaseblad<br />
� mezobel qalaqSi arsebobs saerTaSoriso<br />
amnistiis jgufi<br />
� Cven gvaqvs qalaqis sabWos axali darbazi,<br />
romelic kargi iqneboda Teatraluri<br />
RonisZiebis mosawyobad.<br />
ra aris jgufis susti mxareebi?<br />
� Zalian bevri liderebi!<br />
� fuli ar gvaqvs<br />
� Zalian cota gogonebi<br />
� msgavsi araferi gagvikeTebia warsulSi<br />
� zogierTi Cvengani centridan Zalian Sors<br />
cxovrobs<br />
� Cven yovelTvis ar gamogvdis kargi jgufuri<br />
muSaoba<br />
ra gareSe safrTxeebi arsebobs Cveni aqtivistebisaTvis?<br />
� ekonomikuri situacia aramyaria<br />
� zogierT Cvengans gamocda aqvs Casabarebeli<br />
� qalaqis sabWo imuqreba, rom akrZalavs<br />
sazogadoebriv mitingebs.<br />
� ltolvilebis mier adgilobrivi samuSaoebis<br />
dakavebis gamo arsebobs cudi ganwyoba<br />
� Zalian civa imisaTvis rom gareT raime<br />
RonisZieba Catardes<br />
abreviatura SWOT niSnavs:<br />
Zala (Strengths): risi gakeTeba SeuZlia Tqven jgufs kargad<br />
sisuste (Weakneses): risi gakeTebac Tqven jgufs arc ise kargad<br />
SeuZlia<br />
SesaZleblobebi (Opportunities): SesaZleblobebi jgufis gareT, romlis<br />
gamoyenebac Tqven sasargeblod SegiZliaT<br />
354 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
safrTxe (Threats): jgufis gareT arsebuli faqtorebi, romlebsac<br />
SeuZliaT xeli SegiSalon Tqven saqmianobaSi.<br />
dayaviT jgufi 4 mcire samuSao jgufad da daanawileT maT Soris<br />
Zlieri da susti mxareebis, SesaZleblobebisa da safrTxis siebis Sedgena.<br />
Semdeg kvlav SekribeT mTeli jgufi da naxeT eTanxmeba Tu ara jgufi maTi<br />
kolegebis mier gakeTebul analizs.<br />
zemoT moyvanili diagrama aris dasrulebuli analizis erTi magaliTi<br />
da SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes TqvenTvis axali ideebis wamoWris<br />
TvalsazrisiT. magram Zalian nu miejaWvebiT mas. Tqveni jgufi unikaluria<br />
da Tqven sxva Zlieri (susti) mxareebi geqnebaT, romlis garkvevac Tqven<br />
Tavad unda SeZloT.<br />
raSi mdgomareobs mizani?<br />
ra sakiTxebis ganxilva gsurT? aris raime mkafio usamarTlobis<br />
konkretuli SemTxvevebi, romelsac gindaT daupirispirdeT Tu es iqneba<br />
zogadi xasiaTis protesti adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis winaaRmdeg?<br />
dasafiqrebeli sakiTxebi<br />
Tu jgufs ukve namuSevari aqvs am saxelmZRvanelos zogierT<br />
savarjiSoze maT SeiZleba ukve Camoyalibebuli hqondeT mTeli rigi ideebi.<br />
Tu Tqven mxolod axla iwyebT muSaobas SeiZleba ukarnaxoT maT zogierTi<br />
qvemoT moyvanili (an Tqveni sakuTari) mosazreba. ecadeT misceT maT<br />
garkveuli informacia TiToeuli am sakiTxis garSemo da Semdeg sTxoveT<br />
damoukideblad gaagrZelon kvleva momaval Sexvedramde, romelzec unda<br />
miiRoT gadawyvetilebebi prioritetebis Sesaxeb.<br />
problemebis siis nimuSi:<br />
� sikvdiliT dasja Cems qveyanaSi<br />
� Sidsi afrikis kontinentze<br />
� Zveli birTvuli eleqtrosadguri<br />
� ltolvilebis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba<br />
� bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyeneba<br />
� presis Tavisufleba sxva qveyanaSi/ Cems qveyanaSi<br />
� umciresobaTa mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba<br />
� saojaxo Zaladoba<br />
? Tqven sazogadoebaSi romeli jgufebi zaraldeba yvelaze metad<br />
uflebebis darRveviT?<br />
Tu jgufi mzadaa da Tqven ukve detalurad gaiareT zogierTi sakiTxebi<br />
SegiZliaT daiwyoT problemebis siis Sedgena: romeli sakiTxebi awuxebT<br />
monawileebs yvelaze metad?<br />
scadeT daiyvanoT sia 3-4 sakiTxamde – romlebic SesaZloa yvelaze<br />
mwvaved aRiqmeba da realisturia jgufis mier gadaWris TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Tqven unda imsjeloT sxvadasxva arCevanis Sesaxeb, magram im SemTxvevaSi Tu<br />
jgufs gauWirdeba SeTanxmebis miRweva gaakeTeT saboloo arCevani<br />
kenWisyris gziT. mieciT 3 xma TiToeul jgufs, romelic SeuZliaT<br />
gamoiyenon TavianTi survilisamebr: e.i. SeuZliaT miscen xma 1 sakiTxs 3-<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
”ra SesaniSnavia, rom<br />
aravin aris iZulebuli<br />
dayovndes Tundac erTi<br />
wami, sanam msoflios<br />
gaumjobesebas daiwyebdes”<br />
ana franki<br />
”Wkviani kaci aris ara is,<br />
vinc iZleva swor pasuxebs,<br />
aramed is, vinc sworad<br />
svams SekiTxvebs”.<br />
klod levi-strosi<br />
355
“xeebs da qvebs SeuZliaT<br />
gaswavlon is rasac<br />
verasodes iswavliT<br />
ostatebisgan”<br />
wm. bernard klervoseli<br />
(1100 s)<br />
“mizani yovelTvis ar aris<br />
dasaxuli imisaTvis rom<br />
miRweul iqnas aramed<br />
imisaTvis rom arsebobdes<br />
samizne wertili”<br />
Jozef Juberi<br />
jer; an miscen TiTo xma sam sakiTxs, an 2 sakiTxs. Semdeg daamateT sias<br />
is sakiTxi, romelmac yvelaze meti xma miiRo.<br />
Tqveni miznebis dazusteba<br />
SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos im ”problemis xis” Seqmna, romelTa<br />
ganxilvac Tqven gadawyviteT. aman SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos yuradRebis<br />
koncentrirebas Tqveni problemis Zireul mizezebze da dagexmarebaT gaigoT<br />
specifikuri promblemis Seamadgeneli yvela komponenti. Semdeg SeiZleba<br />
gadawyvitoT rom ufro efeqturi iqneba gadaxedoT erT-erT ”Zireul”<br />
problemas, da ara yvela maTgans.<br />
� daiwyeT didi zomis furcelze im problemis CaweriT, romlis<br />
gadawyvetac gindaT<br />
� mis qvemoT CamowereT yvela faqtorebi, romlebic zegavlenas<br />
axdenen am problemaze da daakavSireT isini ise rom Seiqmnas Tqveni<br />
sawyisi problemis fesvebi.<br />
� aiReT TiTo fesvi erT jerze, ifiqreT mis mizezebze da CamowereT<br />
is faqtorebi, romlebic zegavlenas axdenen am problemaze.<br />
� ase gaagrZeleT TiToeuli fesvis analizi, sanam zRvars ar<br />
miaRwevT: xes SeiZleba ufro Rrmad hqondes fesvebi gadgmuli<br />
vidre Tqven fiqrobT.<br />
� aseve SeiZleba moisurvoT xis “totebis” ganvrcoba igive stilSi:<br />
es iqneba Tqveni sawyisi problemis simptomebi. SeiZleba aRmoaCinoT,<br />
rom is rac Tqveni mTavari safiqrali iyo dasawyisSi faqtobrivad<br />
aris sxva xis fesvi an toti.<br />
� rodesac daasrulebT kargad daakvirdiT Tqven xes. unda daiwyoT<br />
pirvel rigSi im problemasTan brZola, romelic Tavidanve<br />
gansazRvreT Tu romelime masze moqmed faqtorTan? dagexmaraT es<br />
xe problemis gadaWris gzebis mofiqrebaSi?<br />
rogor mivaRwioT mizans?<br />
strategiis ageba<br />
mas Semdeg rac gamoikveTeba Tqveni jgufis SesaZleblobebis naTeli<br />
suraTi da gansazRvravT problemis sferos, romlis winaaRmdegac apirebT<br />
brZolas mzad iqnebiT gadaxvideT Semdeg etapze da moifiqroT ra aris<br />
saukeTeso saSualeba Tqveni problemis mosagvareblad.<br />
Tqven unda ifiqroT:<br />
1. specifikur problemaze, romelsac gindaT SeexoT: ra iyo<br />
`problemis xis~ savarjiSos Sedegi?<br />
2. SerCeuli auditoriis saSualebiT visze apirebT gavlenis moxdenas?<br />
3. ra cvlilebebis Setanas isurvebdiT Tqveni miznobrivi jgufis<br />
SigniT: moifiqreT ra gindaT rom maT gaakeTon an ifiqron Tqveni<br />
qmedebis Sedegad?<br />
4. rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes es cvlilebebi: ifiqreT ram<br />
SeiZleba moaxdinos gavlena Tqvens miznobriv jgufze<br />
5. ra meTodebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba am cvlilebebis gatarebis mizniT:<br />
ifiqreT I nawilSi aRweril qmedebis sxvadasxva formaze da<br />
356 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
daumateT mas Tqveni sakuTari meTodebi. romelia yvelaze misaRebi<br />
meTodi konkretul garemoebebSi gamoyenebisaTvis?<br />
imuSaveT 3.517 gverdze mocemuli gegmis sxvadasxva etapebze (diagrama<br />
2) da ganixileT yoveli etapi jgufSi. saWiroa jgufSi arsebobdes<br />
SeTanxmeba Tqveni gegmis TiToeul komponentze: Tu zogierTi wevri<br />
ukmayofilo darCeba, Tqven SesaZloa dakargoT jgufis zogierTi<br />
mniSvnelovani resursi.<br />
organizeba<br />
bolos, vidre praqtikuli saqme daiwyeba Tqven dagWirdebaT samoqmedo<br />
gegmis Sedgena organizaciuli sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. Tu amas ver<br />
SeZlebT SeiZleba aRmoaCinoT, rom zogierTi mniSvnelovani amocana<br />
gadauWreli darCa da amas SeiZleba seriozuli gavlena hqondes im mizanze,<br />
romelzec ase mondomebiT muSaobdiT.<br />
Tqven unda gadawyvitoT:<br />
� ra amocanebi unda Sesruldes?<br />
� vin unda aiRos sxvadasxva amocanebis Sesruleba sakuTar Tavze?<br />
� rodis unda Sesruldes isini?<br />
1. yvelaferi unda CamoweroT, raTa gqondeT SesaZlebloba SeamowmoT<br />
Tu rogor sruldeba Tqveni gegma. dagWirdebaT 2 didi zomis<br />
furceli da markeri.<br />
2. darwmundiT, rom yvelas esmis im sakiTxis arsi, romelzec apirebT<br />
msjelobas. airCieT erTi pirovneba, raTa awarmoos Canawerebi.<br />
dawereT saTauri furclis TavSi. moifiqreT yvela samuSaos sia,<br />
romelic unda Sesruldes da dawereT is didi zomis furcelze<br />
raTa yvelam SeZlos misi danaxva.<br />
3. Tu Tqven akeTebT RinisZiebis organizebas kargad moifiqreT is,<br />
warmoidgineT ra SeiZleba moxdes im dRes da gadaamowmeT, gaqvT Tu<br />
ara yvelaferi gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
4. axla gadaxedeT sias da gadawviteT: ra unda gakeTdes<br />
dauyonebliv, ra uaxloes momavalSi da ra mogvianebiT. aRniSneT es<br />
yoveli punqtis gaswvriv da miuwereT maT d (dauyonebliv), u<br />
(uaxloes momavalSi), an m (mogvianebiT).<br />
5. gamoiyeneT meore furceli “gadawyvetilebis furclad”. CamoTvaleT<br />
yvela Sesasrulebeli amocana Tanmimdevrulad marcxena mxares da<br />
Semdeg svetSi miawereT vin apirebs TiToeuli maTganis<br />
Sesrulebas. dabolos, mesame svetSi miawereT samuSaos Sesrulebis<br />
saboloo vadebi.<br />
6. gaanawileT samuSao: ar dautovoT yvelaferi gasakeTeblad 1 an 2<br />
adamians. ifiqreT ra SeiZleba moxdes isini rom avad gaxdnen an<br />
sxva saqmiT gadaitvirTon!<br />
qvemoT moyvanilia magaliTi rogori SeiZleba iyos gadawyvetilebebis<br />
furceli.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
357
gadawyvetilebebis furceli<br />
movlena: quCis aqcia umciresobaTa uflebebTan dakavSirebiT<br />
amocana Semsrulebeli Sesrulebis vada<br />
gaakeTeT bukletebi dasarigeblad<br />
sali, joni,<br />
natali, beni<br />
sxdoma 10 da 17<br />
seqtemberi<br />
daabeWdineT isini rumeni, beni 20 seqtembris Semdeg<br />
gaakeTeT banerebi/plakatebi,<br />
lozungebi<br />
iyideT masala banerebisaTvis da<br />
a.S.<br />
yvela<br />
Sila, kareni, ivani<br />
daaintereseT sxva xalxic Sial, moka, tania<br />
daukavSirdiT adgilobriv sabWos damieni, siu<br />
gaafrTxileT policia damieni, siu<br />
ecadeT daeswros adgilobrivi<br />
gavleniani pirebi<br />
miawodeT informacia<br />
umciresobaTa jgufebs<br />
daewreT gamosvlis teqsti<br />
gaukeTeT organizeba mcire<br />
Sesvenebebs buterbrodebiT da<br />
gamagrilebeli sasmelebiT<br />
daasufTaveT quCa aqciis Semdeg<br />
erTi kvira dawyebuli 24<br />
seqtembridan<br />
erTi kvira dawyebuli 17<br />
seqtembridan<br />
erTi kvira dawyebuli 17<br />
seqtembridan<br />
vada mogvianebiT<br />
dazustdeba<br />
358 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
diagrama 2<br />
programis dagegmva<br />
romel problemas gsurT SeexoT?<br />
� adamianebi ar moiTxoven TavianTi<br />
uflebebis dacvas<br />
� is rom wameba arsebobs<br />
� is rom X aris sindisis patimari<br />
....Si<br />
� is rom Y arakanonierad aqvs<br />
Zalaufleba mopovebuli<br />
� is rom eTnikuri umciresoba<br />
ganicdis diskriminacias<br />
� rom mTavroba vaWrobs masobrivi<br />
ganadgurebis iaraRiT<br />
ra cvlilebebia mosalodneli Tqveni<br />
azriT?<br />
� azrovnebis Secvla miznobriv jgufSi,<br />
� sazogadoebrivi azris Secvla<br />
� axladSeZenili unar-Cvevebi<br />
� sxva monawileebis ufro aqtiuri CarTva<br />
� gaSuqeba presiT<br />
� axali kanonmdebloba<br />
� ombucmenis instituti<br />
� brZola usamarTlobasTan<br />
� debatebi sakiTxis garSemo<br />
romel saSualebebs gamoiyenebT<br />
auditoriaze zegavlenis mosaxdenad?<br />
� mesiji presas<br />
� internetSi<br />
� kampania, sazogadoebrivi RonisZiebebi<br />
� safostso werilebi, bukletebi,<br />
plakatebi<br />
� sareklamo gancxadebebi an sainformacio<br />
klipebi<br />
� statiebi, statistikuri monacemebi<br />
� quCis demonstraciebi<br />
� treining kursebi, sadebato programa,<br />
seminarebi<br />
� werilebi mTavrobas<br />
vin aris Tqveni auditoria?<br />
� axalgazrdebi<br />
� Cveni adgilobrivi sazogadoebis<br />
rezidentebi<br />
� dedebi<br />
� politikosebi<br />
� biznes wreebi<br />
� saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba<br />
rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes<br />
cvlileba?<br />
� argumenti/gadarwmuneba<br />
� qmedebisaken mowodeba Sokirebis an<br />
SeSinebis saSualebiT<br />
� samarTlebrivi arxebiT<br />
� arCevnebi/referendumi<br />
� informirebulobis gazrdiT<br />
� sakuTari uflebebis gaazreba<br />
miznobrivi jgufebis mier<br />
� informacia konkretuli SemTxvevis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
� sazogadoebrivi zewola, lobireba,<br />
saerTaSoriso zewola
Tavi 4<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb
4 Tavis Sinaarsi<br />
adamianis uflebaTaAarsi ...................................................................................................................................................<br />
istoriuli mimoxilva ..........................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebebi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi ............................................................................................<br />
rogor visargebloT Cveni uflebebiT? .....................................................................................................................<br />
dilemebi da adamianis uflebebis araswori gamoyeneba ...................................................................................<br />
kvlav gamocanebi ......................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evolucia .........................................................................................................................................<br />
ra uflebebs vflobT? .........................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi dacva ..............................................................................................................<br />
ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi ..........................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis uzrunvelyofa .............................................................................................................<br />
sakamarisia Tu ara es? .........................................................................................................................................................<br />
aqtiuroba da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli ....................................................................................<br />
warmatebul aqciaTa magaliTebi .....................................................................................................................................<br />
kiTxvebi da pasuxebi ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
SekiTxvebi .....................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
363<br />
365<br />
368<br />
369<br />
371<br />
372<br />
374<br />
374<br />
381<br />
382<br />
386<br />
391<br />
392<br />
395<br />
399<br />
401
a aris adamianis uflebebi<br />
gamocana<br />
adamianis uflebaTa arsi<br />
adamianis uflebebi javSaniviTaa: is gicavT Tqven; isini wesebiviT<br />
moqmedebs radganac is geubnebaT Tqven rogor moiqceT; da isini<br />
mosamarTleebiviT arian radganac SegiZliaT mimarToT maT. isini<br />
abstraqtulia – emociebis msgavsad; da emociebis msgavsad isini ekuTvnis<br />
yvelas da arseboben yvelafris miuxedavad.<br />
isini bunebas hgavs, radganac SeiZleba xelyofil iqnas; da isini hgavs<br />
suls radganac isini ar SeiZleba ganadgurdes. drois msgavsad, isini Cven<br />
yvelas erTnairad gvexeba – mdidrebs da Raribebs, moxucebs da<br />
axalgazrdebs, maRlebs da dablebs. isini pativs gvcemen Cven da gvavaleben<br />
pativiscemiT movekidoT sxvebs. sikeTis, WeSmaritebisa da samarTlianobis<br />
msgavsad Cven ver vTanxmdebiT mis gansazRvrebaze magram Cven vaRiarebT mas<br />
rodesac vxedavT.<br />
? SegiZliaT ganmartoT ras niSnavs adamianis uflebebi?<br />
saidan iRebs saTaves adamianis uflebebi?<br />
ufleba aris moTxovna, romelsac Cven samarTlianad vacxadebT. me maqvs<br />
ufleba Cems savaWro kalaTSi Cawyobil produqtze Tu gadaxdili maqvs<br />
amisTvis. moqalaqeebs aqvT ufleba airCion prezidenti, Tu maTi qveynis<br />
konstitucia aris amis garanti da bavSvs aqvs ufleba waiyvanon zooparkSi<br />
Tu mSoblebi Sehpirdnen rom waiyvanen. adamianebs SeiZleba hqondeT imedi im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu amis pirobebs da garantiebs meore mxare iZleva.<br />
magram adamianis uflebebi mcired gansxvavebuli moTxovnebia, radganac<br />
isini ar aris damokidebuli meore mxaris dapirebebze da garantiebze.<br />
adamianis sicocxlis ufleba ar aris damokidebuli vinmes dapirebaze rom<br />
ar moklavs mas: misi sicocxle SeiZleba iyos sxvaze damokidebuli, magram<br />
misi sicocxlis ufleba ara. adamianebis sicocxlis ufleba SeiZleba<br />
damokidebuli iyos mxolod erT rameze: isini adamianebi arian.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa aRiareba niSnavs imis aRiarebas, rom yvela<br />
uflebamosilia ganacxados: me maqvs es uflebebi, imisdamiuxedavad ras<br />
gaakeTebT an ityviT Tqven, imitom, rom me adamiani var iseve rogorc Tqven.<br />
ratom ar unda arsebobdes myari safuZveli am ganacxadisTvis? ras<br />
eyrdnoba is? da ratom unda davijeroT rom marTlac asea?<br />
es ganacxadi saboloo jamSi zneobrivi xasiaTis matarebelia da<br />
eyrdnoba zneobriv faseulobebs. Cemi ufleba sicocxleze realurad<br />
niSnavs, rom aravis aqvs ufleba wamarTvas sicocxle; es ubralod<br />
dauSvebelia. amgvari formulirebis SemTxvevaSi moTxovnas ar sWirdeba<br />
gansakuTrebuli safuZveli. albaT yvela mkiTxveli eTanxmeba am azrs. yvela<br />
Cvengani sakuTari SemTxvevidan gamomdinare vaRiarebT, rom arsebobs Cveni<br />
sicocxlis da pirovnebis garkveuli aspeqtebi, romlebic xelSeuxebeli<br />
unda iyos radganac isini umniSvnelovanesia Cveni pirovnebisTvis, Cveni<br />
meobis SecnobisaTvis. is umniSvnelovanesia Cveni adamianobisTvis da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
„adamianis uflebebi aris<br />
is, rasac veravin<br />
wagarTmevs“<br />
rene kaseni<br />
363
“adamians ubralod<br />
sWirdeba arCevanis<br />
Tavisufleba,. rac ar unda<br />
Rirdes es Tavisufleba da<br />
sadac ar unda mivyavdeT<br />
mas”<br />
Teodor dostoevski<br />
“zneobrivi faseulobebi<br />
qariviT uxilavia: mxolod<br />
foTlebis rxevis mixedviT<br />
SegiZlia Tqva, rom qaria.<br />
faseulobebs ki adamianTa<br />
qcevis mixedviT iazreb”<br />
eva anCeli<br />
pirovnuli RirsebisTvis. adamianis uflebebi ubralod am gagebas<br />
individualuri donidan planetaze arsebuli yvela adamianis donemde<br />
ganavrcobs. Tu me SemiZlia ganvacxado pretenzia am uflebebze, maSin<br />
yvelas SeuZlia igive gaakeTos.<br />
? ratom aris dauSvebuli vinmes sicocxlis uflebis darRveva?<br />
ratom aris dauSvebuli vinmesTvis sicocxlis warTmeva? aris es<br />
kiTxvebi erTi da igive?<br />
ZiriTadi Rirebulebebi<br />
amdenad, adamianis uflebaTa ideis centrSi arsebobs 2 mTavari<br />
Rirebuleba. pirveli adamianuri Rirseba da II Tanasworoba. adamianis<br />
uflebebi SeiZleba iqnas gagebuli rogorc Rirseuli cxovrebisaTvis<br />
saWiro ZiriTadi standartebis ganmsazRvreli; da maTi universaloba<br />
gamomdinareobs im faqtidan, rom sul mcire am TvalsazrisiT, yvela<br />
adamiani Tanasworuflebiania. Cven ar SegviZlia da ar unda movaxdinoT<br />
vinmes diskriminacia.<br />
es 2 rwmena da faseuloba realurad aris is, rac yvelas moeTxoveba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ideis samsaxurSi Casadgomad da saeWvoa vinme ar<br />
eTanxmebodes maT. amitomac Rebulobs es idea mxardaWeras yvela<br />
gansxvavebuli kulturebis mxridan mTel msoflioSi, yvela civilizebuli<br />
mTavrobis mxridan da yvela udidesi religiis mxridan. TiTqmis<br />
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom saxelmwifos Zalaufleba ar SeiZleba iyos<br />
SeuzRudavi da TviTneburi. is unda iyos SezRuduli sul mcire im<br />
minimaluri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis aucileblobiT, romlebic misi<br />
iurisdiqciis farglebSi myof yvela pirs miscems saSualebas icxovros<br />
adamianuri Rirsebis SegrZnebiT. bevri sxva faseuloba SeiZleba<br />
gamomdinareobdes am ori fundamenturi faseulobidan da SeiZleba xeli<br />
Seuwyos adamianebis da sazogadoebebis Tanacxovrebis ufro zust<br />
gansazRvras. mag:<br />
Tavisufleba: radganac adamianis neba aris adamianuri Rirsebis<br />
mniSvnelovani nawili. Cveni nebis winaaRmdeg raimes gakeTeba amcirebs<br />
adamianis Rirsebas<br />
sxvebis pativiscema: ramdenadac vinmes mimarT pativiscemis nakleboba ar<br />
iZleva saSualebas saTanadod Seafasos maTi individualoba da adamianuri<br />
Rirseba.<br />
aradiskriminaciuli damokidebuleba: radganac adamianis Rirsebis<br />
Tanasworoba niSnavs, rom Cven ar unda ganvsajoT adamianebi ararelevanturi<br />
fizikuri (an sxva) maxasiaTeblebis safuZvelze.<br />
Semwynarebloba: radganac aratolerantuloba niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs<br />
pativiscema gansxvavebis mimarT. da Tanasworuflebianoba ar niSnavs<br />
identurobas an erTferovnebas.<br />
samarTlianoba: radganac adamianebi imsaxureben samarTlian mopyrobas.<br />
pasuxismgebloba: radganac sxvebis uflebebis pativiscema iwvevs<br />
pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari qmedebis mimarT.<br />
364 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi<br />
filosofosebma unda gaagrZelon adamianis uflebaTa bunebis Sesaxeb<br />
kamaTi, magram saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas Camoyalibebuli aqvs<br />
ZiriTadi principebis kompleqti, romelzec saxelmwifoebi SeTanxmebuli<br />
arian da romelsac isini unda daemorCilon. am principebis mixedviT:<br />
1. adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia. es niSnavs, rom Tqven ar SeiZleba<br />
dakargoT isini, radganac isini dakavSirebulia adamianis arsebobis<br />
faqtTan. konkretul situaciebSi zogi – Tumca ara yvela –<br />
SeiZleba SeCerdes an SeizRudos. mag. Tu vinmes brali edeba raime<br />
danaSaulSi misi Tavisufleba SeiZleba warTmeul iqnas. an<br />
samoqalaqo areulobis dros mTavrobas SeuZlia gamoacxados<br />
komendantis saaTi, romelic zRudavs gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas.<br />
2. isini ganuyofelia, urTierTdamokidebuli da<br />
urTierTdakavSirebuli es niSnavs, rom gansxvavebuli adamianis<br />
uflebebi arsobrivad dakavSirebulia da ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes<br />
erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad. erTi uflebiT sargebloba<br />
damokidebulia sxva bevri uflebis ganxorcielebaze da arc erTi<br />
ufleba ar aris ufro mniSvnelovani vidre danarCeni sxva.<br />
3. isini sayovelTaoa, rac niSnavs, rom isini yvela adamians Tanabrad<br />
exeba mTel msoflioSi yovelgvari drois limitis gareSe. yvela<br />
individi uflebamosilia isargeblos misi uflebebiT rasobrivi,<br />
kanis feris, sqesobrivi, enobrivi, religiuri, politikuri an sxva<br />
saxis, erovnuli an socialuri warmomavlobis, dabadebis an sxva<br />
statusis miuxedavad.<br />
unda aRvniSnoT, rom adamianis uflebaTa universaloba aranairad ar<br />
emuqreba individebis an sxva kulturebis mdidar mravalferovnebas.<br />
mravalferovneba mainc SeiZleba arsebobdes msoflioSi sadac yvela<br />
Tanasworia, da Tanasworad imsaxurebs pativiscemas.<br />
istoriuli mimoxilva<br />
azri, rom adamianebi mudmivad floben TvianT uflebebs, dafuZnebulia<br />
uamrav kulturul da uZveles tradiciebze. uamravi cnobili mmarTvelebis<br />
da aRiarebul kanonTa krebulebis magaliTze kacobriobis istoriidan Cven<br />
SegviZlia davinaxoT rom adamianis uflebebi ar aris arc „dasavleTis<br />
gamogoneba“ da arc 20 saukunis miRweva.<br />
uZvelesi istoria<br />
hamurabis kanonebi babilonSi (erayi, 2000 w. Cv.w.a) iyo pirveli<br />
werilobiTi iuridiuli dokumenti, romelic Seqmna babilonis mefem. is<br />
pirobas iZleoda „rom samarTali ibatonebda samefoSi, gaanadgurebdnen<br />
borotebas da Zaladobas, ar miscemdnen Zlierebs sustebis daCagvris<br />
uflebas.... gaanaTlebdnen qveyanas da izrunebdnen adamianebis<br />
keTildReobaze“.<br />
gadmocemis mixedviT, Zveli egviptis faraoni (2000 w. Cv.w.a) ubrZanebda<br />
Tavis qveSevrdomebs, rom „rodesac mTxovneli gakiTxavT zemo an qvemo<br />
egviptidan, ... kanonis Sesabamisad yvelaferi gaakeTeT imisaTvis, rom<br />
tradicia da yvela adamianis ufleba iyos daculi“.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“samyaro sam burjs<br />
eyrdnoba: WeSmaritebas,<br />
gansjas da mSvidobas”<br />
Talmudi<br />
adamians aqvs bunebisagan<br />
miniWebuli absoluturi<br />
Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba<br />
da damoukidebloba da is<br />
ar SeiZleba daemorCilos<br />
sxva adamianis politikur<br />
Zalauflebas sakuTari<br />
Tanxmobis gareSe.<br />
jon loki<br />
365
kirosis qartia (irani, 570 w. Cv.w.a) daweril iqna sparseTis mefis<br />
mier misi samefos xalxisaTvis da aRiarebda Tavisuflebas, usafrTxoebas,<br />
gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas da zogierT socialur da ekonomikur uflebas.<br />
? Tqveni qveynis istoriidan romeli figurebi amkvidrebdnen an<br />
ibrZodnen adamianis uflebebisaTvis?<br />
inglisis Tavisuflebis didi qartia da bili uflebebze<br />
1215 w. inglisurma aristokratiam da sasuliero pirebma gailaSqres<br />
mefe ioane I-is mier Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg da<br />
aiZules mefe daTanxmeboda TavisuflebaTa didi qartiis (Magna Charta)<br />
Seqmnas da damorCileboda mas. Tumca mefe ar icavda mas, magram did<br />
qartias xSirad mimarTvadnen TavianTi uflebebis dasacavad. is CamoTvlis<br />
uflebaTa mTel rigs rogoricaa yvela Tavisufali moqalaqis ufleba<br />
hqondeT da memkvidreobiT miiRon da gadascen sakuTreba da gaTavisufldnen<br />
zedmeti gadasaxadebisagan. is amkvidrebda Sesabamis sasamarTlo proceduras<br />
da kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principebs. mefe jeims II kanonis darRvevis<br />
gamo moqalaqeebma taxtidan Camoagdes 1688 w. 1689 w. ki parlamentma<br />
gamosca kanoni, romelic acxadebda, rom aRar dauSvebda samefo Carevas<br />
Tavis saqmeebSi. es dokumenti cnobilia uflebaTa bilis saxelwodebiT. igi<br />
ukrZalavda monarqebs SeeCerebinaT kanonis moqmedeba parlamentis Tanxmobis<br />
gareSe, gamoacaxda parlamentis wevrebis Tavisufali arCevnebi da sityvis<br />
Tavisufleba parlamentSi, romelic ar unda damdgariyo kiTxvis niSnis<br />
qveS sasamarTloSi an sxva nebismier adgilas.<br />
bunebiTi uflebebis warmoSoba<br />
evropaSi 17-e da 18-e saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mTelma rigma<br />
filosofosebma SemogvTavazes „bunebiTi uflebebis“ koncefcia. es iyo<br />
uflebebi, romlebic miekuTvneboda pirovnebas radganac is iyo adamiani da<br />
ara imitom, rom is iyo romelime konkretuli qveynis moqalaqe an romelime<br />
religiis an eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgeneli. azri, rom am bunebiTma<br />
uflebebma unda misces adamianebs garkveuli iuridiuli uflebebi ufro<br />
farTod iqna aRiarebuli da man Tavi iCina sxvadasxva qveynebis<br />
konstituciebSi.<br />
adamianisa da moqalaqis uflebaTa safrangeTis deklaracia<br />
(1789)<br />
1789 w. frangebma daamxes monarqia da daamyares pirveli franguli<br />
respublika. revoluciis Sedegad Seiqmna deklaracia, romelic daiwera<br />
sasuliero pirebis, aristokratiis da ubralo moqalaqeebis<br />
warmomadgenlebis mier, amgvarad isini axdendnen cnobil ganmanaTlebelTa _<br />
volteri, monteskie, enciklopedistebis da rusos ideebis realizebas.<br />
deklaracia akritikebda monarqiis politikur da samarTlebriv sistemebs<br />
da „Tavisufleba, sakuTreba, usafrTxoeba da Cagvrisadmi SewinaaRmdegeba“<br />
gansazRvruli iyo, rogorc adamianis bunebiTi uflebebi. man Secvala<br />
monarqiis dros arsebuli aristokratiuli privilegiebis sistema kanonis<br />
winaSe Tanasworobis principiT.<br />
366 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aSS-s damoukideblobis deklaracia, konstitucia da<br />
uflebaTa bili (1791)<br />
1776 w. CrdiloeT amerikaSi britaneTis koloniebis umravlesobam aSS-s<br />
damoukideblobis deklaraciaSi gamoacxada damoukidebloba britaneTis<br />
imperiisagan. deklaracia metwilad damyarebuli iyo lokisa da monteskies<br />
„bunebiTi uflebebis“ Teoriaze. man suli STabera safrangeTis revolucias<br />
da samxreT amerikaSi espanuri mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas.<br />
mogvianebiT aSS-s konstituciaSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi da mTavroba<br />
gaxda centralizebuli, magram misi Zalaufleba sakmaod SezRuduli iyo<br />
individualuri Tavisuflebis garantirebis mizniT. aSS-s konstituciis 20<br />
Sesworeba Seadgens amerikis uflebaTa bils.<br />
adreuli saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi<br />
19-e da 20-e saukunebSi adamianis uflebaTa mTeli rigi sakiTxebi wina<br />
planze wamovida da saerTaSoriso doneze kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena<br />
iseTi sakiTxebi rogoricaa monoba, baton-ymoba, araadamianuri samuSao<br />
pirobebi da bavsvebis Sroma. daaxloebiT amave periodSi miRebul iqna<br />
pirveli saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb.<br />
� monoba arakanonieri gaxda inglisSi da safrangeTSi daaxloebiT 19e<br />
s-is dasawyisSi da 1814 w. britaneTis da safrangeTis mTavrobebma<br />
xeli moaweres parizis xelSekrulebas TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb<br />
monebiT vaWrobis winaRmdeg. 1890 w. briuselis konferenciaze xeli<br />
moewera monobis amkrZalav aqts, romelic mogvianebiT<br />
ratificirebuli iqna 18 qveynis mier.<br />
� Jenevis pirveli konvenciebi (1864 –dan 1929 w-mde) moaswavebda<br />
saxelmwifoebs Soris adreuli TanamSromlobis axali sferos<br />
dawyebas raTa damyarebuliyo kanonis uzenaesoba omis warmoebis<br />
Sesaxeb. kerZod, konvenciebma Seqmna standartebi avadmyofi da<br />
daWrili jariskacebis mosavlelad.<br />
? ragor fiqrobT, ratom ar dakmayofildnen zogierTi qveynebi<br />
mxolod sakuTari kanonebis SemuSavebiT da ratom gaCnda<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis arsebobis aucilebloba?<br />
XX saukune<br />
samTavrobo Zalebisagan adamianebis uflebebis dacvis idea TandaTan<br />
farTo aRiarebas poulobs. am uflebebis werilobiT sistemaSi moyvanis<br />
mniSvneloba ukve aRiarebulia zogierTi saxelmwifos mier da amgvarad,<br />
zemoTaRwerili dokumentebi gaxda winamorbedi adamianis uflebebis bevri<br />
Tanamedrove xelSekrulebebisaTvis. Tumca, adamianis uflebebi saerTaSoriso<br />
arenaze ZiriTadad II msoflio omis movlenebma gamoiyvana.<br />
I msoflio omis Semdeg Seqmnili erTa liga iyo samTavrobaTaSoriso<br />
organizacia, romelic cdilobda daecva adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi<br />
standartebi, magram mxolod II msoflio omSi Cadenili sastiki wamebis<br />
Semdeg da metwilad maT Sedegad Seiqmna saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />
instituti. am movlenebma saerTaSoriso konsensusi gaxada rogorc<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
„ara kac kla“.<br />
biblia<br />
367
“da ibrZole RvTis gziT<br />
maTTan vinc gebrZvis Sen.<br />
magram arasodes daesxa<br />
Tavs: RmerTs ar uyvars<br />
Tavdamsxmelebi.”<br />
yurani<br />
“omebi gagrZeldeba manam<br />
sanam kacobrioba ar<br />
SeamCnevs, rom adamianuri<br />
buneba identuria imisda<br />
miuxedavad Tu dedamiwis<br />
romel wertilSi<br />
vimyofebiT”.<br />
pier dako, fsiqologi<br />
aucilebeli aseve saWiro raTa saerTaSoriso doneze daregulirebuliyo<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacva da sistemaSi moyvana.<br />
1945 w. 26 ivniss xelmowerili gaeros wesdeba asaxavda am<br />
Tvalsazriss. wesdeba acxadebs, rom gaeros ZiriTadi mizani aris “momavali<br />
Taobebis dacva omis saSinelebisagan” da “rwmenis ganmtkiceba adamianis<br />
ZiriTad uflebebSi, adamianis pirovnul Rirsebasa da qalebisa da<br />
mamakacebis TanasworuflebianobaSi”.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia Seiqmna gaeros adamianis<br />
uflebaTa komisiis mier da miRebul iqna generaluri asambleis mier 1948<br />
wlis 10 dekembers. mas Semdeg misi principebis dasacavad aseve Seiqmna<br />
mTeli rigi ZiriTadi dokumentebi da SeTanxmda saerTaSoriso<br />
sazogadoebriobis mier. damatebiTi informacia zogierTi am saerTaSoriso<br />
xelSekrulebebis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT ixiloT qvemoT moyvanil TavSi<br />
adamianis uflebebis da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis Sesaxeb evropuli<br />
konvenciis CaTvliT.<br />
adamianis uflebebi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi<br />
msoflios zogierT regionSi daarsebulia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis<br />
sakuTari sistemebi, romlebic arsebobs gaeros sistemis paralelurad.<br />
dReisaTvis regionaluri sistemebi arsebobs evropaSi, amerikis qveynebSi,<br />
afrikasa da arabul saxelmwifoebSi magram jer kidev ar aris azia-wynari<br />
okeanis regionSi. Tumca msoflios am nawilis qveynebis umravlesobas<br />
ratificirebuli aqvs gaeros ZiriTadi xelSekrulebebi da konvenciebi –<br />
rac niSnavs rom isini eTanxmebian zogad principebs da Tavs cnoben<br />
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtebad.<br />
adamianisa da xalxebTa uflebebis afrikuli qartia ZalaSi Sevida 1985<br />
w. oqtomberSi da ratificirebul iqna 40-ze meti saxelmwifos mier.<br />
wesdeba sainteresoa mTeli rigi Taviseburebebis gamo riTac is<br />
gansxvavbedba msoflios sxva mxareebSi miRebuli xelSekrulebebisagan.<br />
� evropuli da amerikuli konvenciebisagan gansxvavebiT afrikuli qartia<br />
moicavs rogorc socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul, aseve<br />
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs.<br />
� afrikuli qartia ufro Sors midis da individualur uflebebTan<br />
erTad uzrunvelyofs xalxis koleqtiur uflebebs.<br />
� qartia aseve aRiarebs, rom individebs uflebebTan erTad aqvT<br />
movaleobebi da CamoTvlis kidec specifiur valdebulebebs, romelic<br />
individs gaaCnia misi ojaxis, sazogadoebis, saxelmwifos da<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis winaSe.<br />
? Tqveni azriT ratom aris movaleobebi Setanili adamianis<br />
uflebaTa qartiaSi? fiqrobT, rom isini Setanili unda iyos<br />
adamianis uflebaTa yvela dokumentSi?<br />
arabul samyaroSi amJamad arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa regionaluri<br />
komisia SezRuduli ZalauflebiT. romelic aRiarebs adamianis uflebaTa<br />
arabuli qartia, romlis safuZvlezec unda Seqmnas regionaluri sistema.<br />
es dokumenti afrikuli qartiis msgavsad moicavs socialur-ekonomikur<br />
368 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
uflebebs, samoqalaqo-politikur uflebebs da aseve “arabi xalxis<br />
koleqtiuri uflebebis” sias.<br />
arsebobs mowodebebi amgvari sistemis daarsebis Sesaxeb azia-wynari<br />
okeanis regionSi, magram jer-jerobiT aranairi formaluri SeTanxmeba ar<br />
aris miRebuli. am regionSi 1993 w. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
Sexvedris Sedegad miRebul iqna adamianis uflebaTa bangkokis<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis deklaracia, romelic acxadebs:<br />
“Cven SegviZlia viswavloT sxvadasxva kulturebisgan pluralistuli<br />
TvalsazrisiT. .... adamianis sayovelTao uflebebs fesvebi gadgmuli aqvs<br />
bevr kulturaSi... Cven vadasturebT adamianis uflebaTa universalobis<br />
safuZvels, romelic mTeli kacobriobis dacvis saSualebas iZleva..<br />
kulturologiuri pluralizmis dacva ar gulisxmobs tolerantul<br />
damokidebulebas im kulturebis mimarT, romlebic aknineben sayovelTaod<br />
aRiarebul adamianis uflebebs qalebis uflebebis CaTvliT. radganac<br />
adamianis uflebebi aris sayovelTao zrunvis sagani da sayovelTao<br />
faseuloba am uflebebis dacva ar unda iqnas ganxiluli erovnul<br />
suverenitetSi Carevad”.<br />
rogor visargebloT Cveni uflebebiT?<br />
adamianis uflebebi arsebobs CvenTvis. rogor unda gamoviyenoT isini?<br />
naTelia, rom ubralod maTi arseboba ar aris sakmarisi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
darRvevebis aRmosafxvrelad, radganac Cven yvelam viciT, rom isini irRveva<br />
yoveldRe, dedamiwis yvela wertilSi. realurad SeuZliaT maT raimes<br />
Secvla? rogor SegviZlia maTi gamoyeneba?<br />
? iciT ra uflebebi gaqvT Tqven?<br />
am saxelmZRvanelos mTeli rigi Tavebi ganixilavs am problemis<br />
sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.<br />
Tqveni uflebebis aRiareba.<br />
Semdeg nawilSi Cven ganvixilavT uflebaTa sxvadasxva tipebs, romlebic<br />
saerTaSoriso samarTliT aris daculi. Tu Cven gvecodineba adamianis<br />
arsebobis romeli sferoebi Seesabameba adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlis normebs da gvecodineba saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobiT aRiarebuli<br />
valdebulebebi maSin SegveZleba ganvaxorcieloT zewola sxvadasxva gziT.<br />
es nawili aCvenebs, rom usamarTlobis TiTqmis yvela sfero dakavSirebulia<br />
adamianis uflebebTan: mcire masStabis siRaribidan dawyebuli ekologiuri<br />
zianiT, janmrTelobiT, samuSao pirobebiT, politikuri represiebiT, xmis<br />
uflebiT, genuri inJineriiT, umciresobaTa sakiTxebiT, terorizmiT da<br />
genocidiT damTavrebuli..... da mTeli rigi problemuri sakiTxebis ricxvi<br />
dRemde izrdeba.<br />
adamianis uflebebis kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
zogierTi sakiTxi pirdapir aris ganxiluli “SekiTxvebi da pasuxebi”-s<br />
nawilSi. is mokle pasuxs iZleva zogierT zogad kiTxvaze, romlebic<br />
xSirad ismeba adamianis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
amasTanave, me-5 Tavis yvela nawili ufro detalurad ganixilavs<br />
saxelmZRvanelos Temebs. Tu dainteresebuli xarT gaarkvioT rogor<br />
SeiZleba ukeT iyos daculi romelime konkretuli ufleba, magaliTad,<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“erovnuli da regionaluri<br />
Taviseburebebis<br />
mniSvneloba da sxvadasxva<br />
istoriuli, kulturologiuri<br />
da religiuri foni<br />
mudmivad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli,<br />
amve dros<br />
saxelmwifos movaleobaa<br />
misi politikuri, ekonomikuri<br />
da kulturuli<br />
sistemis miuxedavad ganavi-<br />
Taros da daamkvidros<br />
adamianis yvela ufleba da<br />
ZiriTadi Tavisufleba”.<br />
venis deklaracia (1993)<br />
“Cven yvela da gansakuTrebiT<br />
me pasuxs vagebT<br />
yvelaferze da yvelaze”<br />
Teodor dostoevski<br />
369
“CemTvis sikvdliT dasja<br />
aris barbarosuli da<br />
uzneo instituti, romelic<br />
Zirs uTxris sazogadoebis<br />
moralur da<br />
samarTlebriv safuZvlebs.<br />
me darwmunebuli var, rom<br />
sisastike mxolod<br />
sisastikes badebs”.<br />
andrei saxarovi<br />
“yvela suli sakuTari<br />
qmedebebisa tyvea”<br />
yurani<br />
janmrTelobis, ganaTlebis, da samarTliani samuSao pirobebis ufleba,<br />
Zalian dagexmarebaT am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi informaciis<br />
Seswavla.<br />
samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis gamoyeneba<br />
Cven ganvixilavT samarTlebriv meqanizmebs, romlebic arsebobs xalxis<br />
interesebis sxvadasxva sferoebis dasacavad. Cven evropelebs gansakuTrebiT<br />
gagvimarTla yovel SemTxvevaSi zogierTi uflebis TvalsazrisiT, radganac<br />
gvaqvs mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romelic ganixilavs uflebebis<br />
darRvevebTan dakavSirebul saCivrebs – es aris evropis adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sasamarTlo. maSinac ki rodesac saCivrebi ar miekuTvneba evropis<br />
sasamarTlos iurisdiqcias. arsebobs sxva meqanizmebi saxelmwifoebis<br />
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dayenebisaTvis maTi qmedebebis gamo da maTi<br />
iZulebisaTvis Seasrulon TavianTi valdebulebebi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebis Sesabamisad. is, rom arsebobs samarTlebrivi normebi,<br />
Zalian gvexmareba maSinac ki, roca yovelTvis ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi<br />
meqanizmebi, romlebic aiZuleben saxelmwifoebs maT Sesrulebas.<br />
lobireba, kampania da aqciebi<br />
? yofilxarT rodesme CarTuli raime kampaniaSi an aqciaSi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi?<br />
mniSvnelovan rols saxelmwifoebze zewolis ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
asruleben asociaciebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saqvelmoqmedo<br />
organizaciebi, da sxva samoqalaqo sainiciativo jgufebi. es warmoadgens<br />
aqtiurobis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis rolis Sesaxeb<br />
saxelmZRvanelos nawilis ZiriTad Temas. aseTi asociaciebis roli<br />
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria ubralo adaminebisaTvis ara mxolod imitom,<br />
rom aseTi asociaciebi xSirad ganixilaven individualur SemTxvevebs,<br />
aramed imitomac, rom isini warmoadgens saSualebas Cveulebrivi<br />
xalxisTvis, raTa adamianebi CaerTon adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi.<br />
bolosdabolos, aseTi asociaciebi Cveulebrivi xalxisagan Sedgeba. Cven<br />
aseve unda ganvixiloT rogor moqmedeben isini adamianis uflebebis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis da warmatebuli saqmianobis zogierTi magaliTi.<br />
miiRe monawileoba<br />
me-3 Tavi, `moqmedebaze gadasvla~, aRwers Tu rogor SeiZleba miRebul<br />
iqnas zomebi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da gvTavazobs qmedebaTa magaliTebis<br />
mTel rigs Tu rogor SegiZliaT CaerToT masSi. axalgazrdul jgufebs<br />
aqvT uzarmazari potenciali saxelmwifoebze da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebze gavlenis moxdenisaTvis da imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom<br />
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi sazogadoebis samsjavroze iqnas<br />
gamotanili. am nawilSi moyvanilma magaliTebma unda SemogTavazoT<br />
konkretuli zomebi, romelTa miRebac SeiZleba Tqveni jgufis mier da aseve<br />
ufro Rrmad CagaxedebT arasamTavrobo organizaciebis yoveldRiur<br />
muSaobaSi.<br />
370 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
os kvebisa<br />
meurneobis<br />
adara 1995<br />
da CvilTa<br />
is maCveneb-<br />
1989 wlis<br />
eblebs. maT<br />
i monaceme-<br />
Zvelze 2-ma<br />
yna statia,<br />
skvnida rom<br />
yeli bavSvi<br />
a im dRemde<br />
dilemebi da adamianis uflebebis araswori gamoyeneba<br />
rogor unda moviqceT rodesac erTi jgufis uflebebis dacva<br />
ganapirobebs sxva jgufis uflebebis SezRudvas? zogjer adamianis<br />
uflebebi gamoiyeneba iseTi qmedebebis gasamarTleblad, romlebic zneobrivi<br />
TvalsazrisiT Tavad dgas kiTxvis niSnis qveS. xalxma da mTavrobebmac ki<br />
SeiZleba ganacxadon, rom isini icaven adamianis uflebebs magram<br />
faqtobrivad qmedebebi, romlebsac isini axorcieleben Tavad arRvevs<br />
fundamentur uflebebs. yovelTvis advili ar aris aseTi SemTxvevebis<br />
gansja. ganixileT Semdegi magaliTebi.<br />
uflebaTa konfliqtebi<br />
2001 wlis 11 seqtembers amerikaSi momxdari teroristuli aqtis<br />
fonze bevri mTavroba zRudavs zogierT ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs raTa<br />
SeebrZolon terorizmis safrTxes. did britaneTSi SemoRebulia axali<br />
kanoni, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis 5<br />
muxls, romelic icavs adamianebs TviTneburi dakavebisa da dapatimrebisagan.<br />
es kanoni saSualebas aZlevs mTavrobas izolirebaSi moaqcios xalxi<br />
braldebisa da gasamarTlebis gareSe ubralod eWvis safuZvelze.<br />
? SesaZlebelia umciresobaTa uflebebis SezRudva erovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis saxeliT? Tu SesaZlebelia, unda arsebobdes Tu ara<br />
raime zRvari?<br />
aSS-s uzenaesma sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom faSisturi jgufebis mier<br />
ebraul dasaxlebebSi mowyobili demonstraciebi aris Tavisufali<br />
TviTgamoxatvis kanonieri formebi. unda moxdes Tu ara aseTi jgufebis<br />
SeCereba raTa ar SeimuSaon doqtrina, romelic migviyvans mTeli eris<br />
ganadgurebamde? Tu es miuRebeli SezRudvaa TviTgamoxatvis uflebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT?<br />
kulturuli tradiciebi<br />
garigebiT qorwineba farTod miRebuli tradiciaa bevr kulturaSi:<br />
xSirad Zalian axalgazrda asakSi qali valdebulia colad gahyves ojaxis<br />
mier SerCeul mamakacs. unda aikrZalos Tu ara aseTi praqtika axalgazrda<br />
gogonebis dacvis mizniT? Tu es iqneba sxvadasxva kulturuli tradiciebis<br />
upativcemuloba?<br />
sxva magaliTi SeiZleba iyos dRemde arsebuli qalTa gankveTis praqtika<br />
bevr qveyanaSi, an ”Rirsebis dasacavi” qalebisa da gogonebis mkvleloba.<br />
aTasobiT adamiani itanjeba aseTi praqtikis Sedegebis gamo da umravlesoba<br />
maT aucileblad CaTvlis adamianis uflebebis seriozul darRvevad. aris<br />
qalebis gankveTis miReba kulturaTaSorisi gansxvaveba, romelic moTminebiT<br />
unda ”avitanoT~?<br />
? unda mieces Tu ara kulturul faseulobebs saSualeba adamianis<br />
uflebebebis universalobaze maRla dadges?<br />
sikeTis saxeliT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“yovelTvis rodesac usamarTlod<br />
iqcevian, mebadeba<br />
SegrZneba, rom samarTals<br />
arc arasodes uarsebia”<br />
xose saramago<br />
371
zogjer saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis mier gamoiyeneba sanqciebi im<br />
reJimebis dasasjelad, romlebic sistematurad arRveven adamianis uflebebs.<br />
sanqciebi krZalavs vaWrobas damrRvev qveyanasTan raTa moaxdinon zewola<br />
mTavrobaze misi qmedebebis Sesacvlelad. zogierTi qveyana srulad iqna<br />
izolirebuli saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier: samxreT afrika wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi iyo izolirebuli aparteidis sistemis gamo, dRes ki kuba da<br />
erayi ver axorcieleben vaWrobas msoflios udides nawilTan. eWvgareSea,<br />
rom aseTi sanqciebis gavlenas grZnoben Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebic magram<br />
gansakuTrebiT mwvaved grZnoben sazogadoebis daucveli fenebi. aris es<br />
misaRebi gza adamianis uflebebis darRvevis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis sxva<br />
mTavrobis mier?<br />
Tumca gaeros mier ar iyo oficialurad sanqcirebuli natos mier<br />
warmoebuli kosovos dabombvebi bevrma gaamarTla eTnikuri albanelebis<br />
dacvis poziciidan gamomdinare da genocidis Camdenis gasamarTlebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. am samxedro aqciam asobiT aTasi adamiani aqcia ltolvilad,<br />
daaxloebiT 500 pirdapiri msxverpli gaxda da ganadgurda serbuli<br />
infrastruqtura. amas agreTve mohyva prezident miloSeviCis Camogdeba da<br />
misi wardgena saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos winaSe. igive qmedeba<br />
ganxorcielda avRaneTSi teroristuli qselis ganadgurebis mizniT,<br />
romelic miCneuli iyo 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris movlenebis mizezad.<br />
SeiZleba aseTi aqciebi gamarTlebul iqnas maTi saboloo Sedegis gamo Tuki<br />
amave dros iwveven didi raodenobiT msxverpls?<br />
? SeiZleba adamianis uflebebis dacva gamoyenebul iqnas samxedro<br />
kampaniis sawarmoeblad?<br />
2001 wlis aprilSi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komisiam uaryo azri,<br />
rom terorizmTan brZolas SeuZlia odesme gaamarTlos adamianis uflebebis<br />
msxverplad Sewirva. 2001/24 rezoluciam dagmo CeCneTis konfliqtTan<br />
dakavSirebuli teroristuli Setakebebi da CeCeni samxedro Zalebis mier<br />
ganxorcielebuli humanitaruli samarTlis darRvevebi, iseve rogorc<br />
zogierTi meTodi, romelsac xSirad iyenebdnen ruseTis federaluri Zalebi<br />
CeCneTSi. rezoluciam mouwoda SeeqmnaT nacionaluri komisia miuRebeli<br />
qmedebebis gamokvlevis mizniT ruseTSi.<br />
kvlav gamocanebi<br />
wina nawilSi wamoWril sakiTxTagan yvelaze ar arsebobs<br />
erTmniSvnelovani pasuxebi. isini dResac ki cxare kamaTis sagnad rCebian.<br />
aseTi debatebi garkveuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania. isini arian<br />
rogorc pluralisturi midgomis maCvenebeli, romelic fundamenturia<br />
adamianis uflebaTa ideisaTvis, aseve maCvenebelia im faqtis, rom adamianis<br />
uflebebi ar aris mecniereba an myarad Camoyalibebuli ”ideologia”, aramed<br />
zneobrivi da iuridiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebadi sfero. Cven yovelTvis<br />
ar unda movelodeT erTmniSvnelovan pasuxebs – nawilobriv imis gamo, rom<br />
es sakiTxebi rTulia da aseve imis gamo, rom ar arseboben eqspertebi,<br />
romlebic uflebamosili arian Tqvan saboloo sityva da gadawyviton yvela<br />
sakiTxi.<br />
Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs pasuxebi saerTod da ar arsebobs<br />
SeTanxmebebi. aseTi sferoebi mravlad arsebobs da maTi ricxvi<br />
372 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
yoveldRiurad izrdeba. monobis sakiTxi garkveul etapze diskusiis sagani<br />
iyo, amJamad ki monobisagan Tavisufleba sayovelTaod aRiarebulia rogorc<br />
adamianis fundamenturi ufleba. qalebis gankveTas Tumca kvlav icavs<br />
zogierTi kultura farTod aris dagmobili rogorc adamianis uflebis<br />
darRveva. sikvdiliT dasjis ufleba, rogorc Cans, iqceva sakiTxad – yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi evropaSi _ romlis gauqmebisTvisac iRwvian evropis sabWos<br />
wevri qveynebi.<br />
ase rom, darwmunebuli unda viyoT, rom am sakiTxebidan bevrs moeZebneba<br />
gadawyveta. manamde ki Cven SegviZlia vikamaToT da gavakeToT daskvnebi<br />
ufro winaaRmdegobriv sakiTxebze 2 fundamentur faseulobaze dayrdnobiT:<br />
Tanasworoba da adamianis Rirseba. Tu raime qmedeba epyroba individs<br />
rogorc naklebi adamianuri Rirsebis mqones, es ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis<br />
uflebaTa ideas.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
evropa, axalgazrdoba, adamianis uflebebi. adamianis uflebaTa kvireulze iel ohanas<br />
(red) mier gakeTebuli moxseneba. evropuli axalgazrdobis centri. budapeSti, 2000<br />
Garzon Valdes “Confusiones acerca de la relevancia moral de la diversidad cultural” CLAVES de<br />
Razon Practica, No. 74, Madrid , Julio/ Agasto, 1997<br />
adamianis uflebebi, ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo gaeros TanamSromlebisaTvis, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa umaRlesi komisariati. gaero. Jeneva<br />
l. levini adamianis uflebebi, kiTxvebi da pasuxebi, iunesko, parizi, 1996<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evolucia<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
373
`adamianis yvela ufleba<br />
aris universaluri, ganuyofeli,urTierTdamokidebuli<br />
da urTiertdakav-<br />
Sirebuli~<br />
venis deklaracia 1993w.<br />
“patimroba araa problema.<br />
problemaa ar danebde”.<br />
nazim hikmeti<br />
dapirebebi, dapirebebi<br />
Cvenma liderebma Cveni saxeliT uzarmazari dapirebebi dades. maT mier<br />
xelmowerili yvela garantia rom Sesruldes Cveni cxovreba mSvidobiani,<br />
usafrTxo, janmrTeli da komfortuli iqneboda. Cveni iuridiuli sistemebi<br />
iqneboda samarTliani da uzrunvelyofda Tanabar dacvas yvelasaTvis; Cveni<br />
politikuri procesebi iqneboda gamWirvale da demokratiuli da<br />
moemsaxureboda xalxis interesebs.<br />
maSin ra aris dabrkoleba? erT-erTi dabrkoleba aris is, rom<br />
politikosebi Cveulebrivi adamianebi arian da rogorc yvela, isinic<br />
xSirad zedmetad damTmobebi arian, miTumetes Y^Tuki ician rom es<br />
gamouvaT. ase rom Cven zustad unda vicodeT ra pirobebs deben Cveni<br />
saxeliT da davrwmundeT rom isini sruldeba.<br />
? yovelTvis asrulebT Tqvens dapirebebs? maSinac ki Tu aravin<br />
gaxsenebT maT Sesaxeb?<br />
ra uflebebs vflobT?<br />
Cven viciT, rom uflebamosili varT gvqondes adamianis yvela ufleba.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, evropis adamianis uflebaTa<br />
konvencia da sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi moicavs uflebaTa farTo<br />
speqtrs. ase rom, Cven unda ganvixiloT isini im TanmimdevrobiT, romliTac<br />
ganviTardnen da aRiarebul iqnen saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier. am<br />
uflebebis klasificirebis ”normaluri” gza aris maTi dawyoba ”pirvel,<br />
meore da mesame Taobis uflebebad”. ase rom, am etapze Cven gamoviyenebT am<br />
klasifikacias magram rogorc mogvianebiT vnaxavT is SezRudulia da<br />
zogjer SeiZleba SecdomaSic ki Segviyvanos.<br />
pirveli Taobis uflebebi (samoqalao da politikuri<br />
uflebebi)<br />
es uflebebi warmoiSva Teoriis saxiT me-17 da me-18 saukuneebSi da<br />
ZiriTadad eyrdnoboda politikur mosazrebebs. TandaTanobiT aseve daiwyes<br />
imis aRiareba, rom arsebobda garkveuli punqtebi, romlis Sesrulebac<br />
SeuZlebelia mivandoT Zlevamosil saxelmwifoebs da rom xalxs unda<br />
hqonoda garkveuli zegavlenis moxdenis saSualeba politikaze, romelic<br />
uSualod exeboda maT.<br />
or centralur ideas warmoadgenda piradi Tavisuflebis idea da<br />
saxelmwifos Zaladobisagan individis dacvis idea.<br />
� samoqalaqo uflebebi iZleva fizikuri da moraluri<br />
xelSeuxeblobis minimalur garantias da saSualebas aZlevs<br />
individebs gaaCndeT sakuTari sindisisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba:<br />
mag. Tanasworobisa da Tavisuflebis ufleba, aRmsareblobis da<br />
sakuTari azris gamoTqmis ufleba, wamebisa da sikvdilisagan dacvis<br />
ufleba.<br />
� iuridiuli uflebebi Cveulebriv aseve ”samoqalaqo” uflebebad<br />
klasificirdeba. isini uzrunvelyofen procesualur dacvas maTTvis<br />
vinc iuridiul da politikur institutebTan aris SexebaSi:<br />
magaliTad, TviTneburi dapatimrebisa da dakavebisagan dacva,<br />
374 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“saSineli real<br />
is, rom … saxel<br />
da saerTaSoris<br />
sazogadoebriob<br />
agrZelebs soci<br />
ekonomikuri da<br />
kulturuli u<br />
xSiri darRvevi<br />
maSin rodesac<br />
adgili eqnebod<br />
samoqalaqo da<br />
uflebebis sfer<br />
gamoiwvevda SeS<br />
mrisxanebas da<br />
mowodebamde da<br />
Carevis Sesaxeb
ebebi iwyeba<br />
sauzmidan”.<br />
d sengori<br />
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, vidre sasamarTlo ar daadasturebs<br />
braleulobas da gasaCivrebis ufleba.<br />
� politikuri uflebebi saWiroa sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi<br />
monawileobis misaRebad: mag. xmis micemis ufleba, politikur<br />
partiebSi gawevrianebis ufleba, Tavisuflad Sekrebis da mitingebze<br />
daswrebis ufleba, sakuTari azris gamoxatvis da informaciis<br />
miRebis ufleba.<br />
kategoriebi ar aris erTmniSvnelovani, aramed aris erT-erTi uflebaTa<br />
klasificirebis gansxvavebul meTodebs Soris. uflebaTa umetesoba erTze<br />
met kategoriaSi xvdeba. mag. sakuTari azris gamoxatvis ufleba aris<br />
rogorc samoqalaqo, aseve politikuri ufleba. is mniSvnelovania rogorc<br />
politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis miRebis, aseve Cveni pirovnuli<br />
TavisuflebisaTvis.<br />
? aris yvela politikuri ufleba amasTanave samoqalaqo uflebac?<br />
dReisaTvis samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi detalurad aris<br />
aRwerili saerTaSoriso paqtSi samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropis<br />
konvenciaSi. tradiciulad, es uflebebi iTvleba – yovel SemTxvevaSi<br />
dasavleTSi – yvelaze mniSvnelovnad Tu ara, adamianis erTaderT WeSmarit<br />
uflebad. momdevno nawilSi Cven vnaxavT, rom es Sexeduleba mcdaria.<br />
civi omis ganmavlobaSi sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebs mkacrad<br />
akritikebdnen samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis ugulvebelyofis gamo.<br />
es qveynebi ki Tavis mxriv kritikiT pasuxobdnen dasavlur demokratias<br />
ZiriTadi socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis ignorirebisaTvis. am<br />
sakiTxs SemdegSi kvlav ganvixilavT. orive mxaris kritikaSi iyo simarTlis<br />
elementebi.<br />
meore Taobis uflebebi (socialuri, ekonomikuri da<br />
kulturuli uflebebi)<br />
es uflebebi exeba adamianebis Tanacxovrebas da TanamSromlobas da<br />
bazisur sasicocxlo moTxovnebs. isini emyareba Tanasworobaze, ZiriTad<br />
socialur da ekonomikur keTildReobaze, momsaxurebebze da<br />
SesaZleblobebze garantirebul xelmisawvdomobis ideebs. isini TandaTan<br />
gaxda saerTaSoriso aRiarebis sagani industrializaciis adreuli etapis<br />
da muSaTa klasis zrdasTan erTad. aman bunebrivad migviyvana axal<br />
moTxovnebamde da axal ideebamde Rirseuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb. xalxma<br />
gaacnobiera, rom adamianis Rirseba moiTxovda imaze mets, vidre ubralod<br />
politikuri da socialuri uflebebiT garantirebuli Caurevloba.<br />
� socialuri uflebebi aris uflebebi, romlebic aucilebelia<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi srulyofili monawileobisaTvis. isini<br />
moicaven sul mcire ganaTlebis, ojaxis Seqmnisa da SenarCunebis<br />
uflebas magram amasTanave xSirad “samoqalaqod” CaTvlil bevr<br />
uflebasac: mag. garTobis, janmrTelobis dacvis, da piradi<br />
cxovrebis da diskriminaciisagan dacvis uflebebi.<br />
� ekonomikuri uflebebi Cveulebriv moicavs Sromis, sacxovreblis,<br />
da moxucebulTa da invalidebisaTvis pensiis uflebas. ekonomikuri<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
ganviTarebis ufleba aris<br />
adamianis xelSeuxebeli<br />
ufleba, romlis<br />
saSualebiTac yvela<br />
adamiani, pirovneba da<br />
xalxi uflebamosilia<br />
monawileoba miiRos,<br />
wvlili Seitanos da<br />
isargeblos ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri, kulturuli<br />
da politikuri progresiT<br />
sadac yvela adamianis<br />
ufleba da ZiriTadi<br />
Tavisufleba srulad<br />
iqneba realizebuli. “<br />
muxli 1, gaeros<br />
deklaracia ganviTarebis<br />
uflebis Sesaxeb<br />
375
`pirvel rigSi kuWi,<br />
Semdeg ki morali”.<br />
bertold brexti<br />
uflebebi asaxavs im faqts, rom materialuri usafrTxoebis<br />
garkveuli minimaluri done saWiroa adamianis RirsebisaTvis da<br />
aseve faqts, rom saTanado dasaqmebis an sacxovrebeli pirobebis<br />
nakleboba SeiZleba fsiqologiurad damrTgunveli iyos.<br />
� kulturuli uflebebi ukavSirdeba sazogadoebis kulturul<br />
cxovrebas da maT xSirad ufro naklebi yuradReba eqcevaT vidre<br />
sxva uflebebs. isini moicavs sazogadoebis kulturul<br />
RonisZiebebSi Tavisuflad monawileobis uflebas da SesaZloa<br />
ganaTlebis uflebasac. magram sxva bevri uflebebi, romlebic<br />
oficialurad ar aris klasificirebuli “kulturul uflebebad”<br />
gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa umciresobebisaTvis TviT sazogadoebis<br />
farglebSi, raTa SeinarCunon TavianTi TviTmyofadi kultura: mag.<br />
diskriminaciisagan dacvis da kanonis Tanasworobis ufleba.<br />
? aris sxvadasxva kulturuli jgufebis uflebebi SezRuduli<br />
Tqvens sazogadoebaSi? romeli religiuri dResaswaulebi aris<br />
erovnuli mniSvnelobis?<br />
socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli uflebebi Camoyalibebulia<br />
saerTaSoriso paqtSi ekonomikuri, socialuri da kluturuli uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb da aseve evropis socialur qartiaSi.<br />
arsebobs met-naklebad mniSvnelovani uflebebi?<br />
socialurma da ekonomikurma uflebebma mZime dro gamoiares samoqalaqo<br />
da politikuri uflebebis Tanasworad aRiarebis gzaze. amas hqonda<br />
rogorc ideologiuri aseve politikuri mizezebi. Tumca Cveulebrivi<br />
moqalaqisaTvis naTelia, rom iseTi ram rogoricaa minimaluri standartis<br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebi da dasaqmebis racionaluri pirobebi aris<br />
fundamenturi mniSvnelobis adamianis RirsebisaTvis, politikosebi jer<br />
kidev ar arian mzad msgavsi aRirebisaTvis. eWvgareSea, rom aRnisnulis erTerTi<br />
mizezi aris is, rom bazisuri socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis<br />
mTel msoflioSi yvelas uzrunvelyofa moiTxovs resursebis masiur<br />
gadanawilebas. politikosebma ki kargad ician, rom amgvar politikas ar<br />
moaqvs amomrCevlebis xmebi.<br />
Sesabamisad isini gvTavazoben mTel rig Tavis gasamarTlebel mizezebs<br />
imis asaxsnelad Tu ratom ar aris meore Taobis uflebebi prioritetuli.<br />
pirveli pretenzia, romelic xSirad cxaddeba aris is, rom socialuri da<br />
ekonomikuri uflebebi ar aris realisturi da realizebadi, yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi mokle periodSi, da amitom isini TandaTanobiT unda<br />
ganvaxorcieloT. es aris midgoma, romelic miRebulia ekonomikuri,<br />
socialur da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtSic ki:<br />
mTavrobebma ubralod unda aCvenon, rom isini Rebuloben zomebs am<br />
amocanebis gadasaWrelad samomavlod garkveuli periodisTvis. Tumca<br />
sakiTxi namdvilad gaxsnilia debatebisaTvis da irkveva, rom TiTqos ufro<br />
metad efuZneba politikur mosazrebebs vidre raime sxvas. bevri<br />
damoukidebeli kvleva aCvenebs, rom mosflioSi sakmarisi resursebi<br />
arsebobs da sakmarisi gamocdileba raTa dakmayofildes yvelas bazisuri<br />
moTxovnebi Tu amisken erToblivi Zalisxmeva iqneba mimarTuli.<br />
376 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
damians aqvs<br />
awileobdes<br />
ogresSi da<br />
obdes misi<br />
sikeTiT.”<br />
s uflebaTa<br />
deklaracia<br />
27 muxli<br />
meore pretenzia aris is, rom arsebobs fundamenturi Teoriuli<br />
gansxvaveba pirvel da meore Taobis uflebebs Soris: pirveli tipis<br />
uflebebi moiTxovs mTavrobebisagan ubralod Tavi Seikavon garkveuli<br />
saqmianobisagan (es aris e.w. ”negatiuri uflebebi”); xolo meore tipis<br />
uflebebi moiTxovs mTavrobis pozitiur Carevas (es aris ”pozitiuri<br />
uflebebi”). am argumentis mixedviT ararelisturia moelode mTavrobisagan<br />
pozitiur qmedebebs axlo momavalSi da rom Sesabamisad isini ar arian<br />
valdebuli raime zomebi miiRon. vinmes mimarT raime valdebulebis<br />
arsebobis gareSe ar SeiZleba arsebobdes raime ufleba am sityvis sruli<br />
mniSvneblobiT.<br />
magram amgvari argumentaciis SemTxvevaSi arsebobs 2 ZiriTadi<br />
gaugebroba.<br />
pirveli, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
aris sufTad negatiuri. mag. imisaTvis rom mTavrobam uzrunvelyos<br />
wamebisagan dacva ar aris sakmarisi, rom oficialurma pirebma ubralod<br />
Tavi Seikavon xalxis wamebisagan! WeSmariti Tavisufleba am sferoSi<br />
moiTxovs Semowmebisa da kontrolis rTuli sistemis arsebobas:<br />
policiuri sistemebi, iuridiuli meqanizmebi, informaciis Tavisufleba da<br />
xelmisawvdomoba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi, da kidev uamravis ram.<br />
igive exeba xmis uflebis uzrunvelyofas da sxva politikur da<br />
samoqalaqo uflebebs. sxva sityvebiT, es uflebebi negatiuri qmdebisagan<br />
Tavis Sekavebis garda mTavrobis mxridan moiTxovs pozitiur qmedebas.<br />
? ra pozitiuri qmedeba unda ganaxorcielos mTavrobam<br />
imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos WeSmaritad Tavisufali da<br />
samarTliani arCevnebi?<br />
meore, socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebis msgavsad aseve moiTxovs, rom mTavrobebma Tavi Seikavon<br />
konkretuli saqmianobisagan: mag. misces kompaniebs didi sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebi, an waaxalisos im sferoebis ganviTareba, romlebic ukve<br />
floben SedarebiT upiratesobas, an daawesos savaWro tarifebi romlebic<br />
azaralebs ganviTarebad qveynebs – da a.S.<br />
faqtobrivad, sxvadasxva tipis uflebebi bevrad ufro mWidrod aris<br />
dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan vidre amaze maTi saxelwodebebi miuTiTebs.<br />
ekonomikuri uflebebi erwymis politikur uflebebs; samoqalaqo uflebebi<br />
xSirad ganuyofelia socialuri uflebebisagan. dasaxelebebi SeiZleba<br />
sasargeblo iyos zogadi suraTis warmosadgenad, magram maT aseve SeiZleba<br />
SecdomaSi Segviyvanos. sxvadasxva pirobebSi TiTqmis yvela ufleba SeiZleba<br />
miekuTvnos TiTqmis yvela kategorias.<br />
mesame Taobis uflebebi (koleqtiuri uflebebi)<br />
saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli adamianis uflebebis sia ar aris<br />
ucvleli. Tumca adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi CamoTvlili<br />
arc erTi ufleba ar damdgara kiTxvis niSnis qveS misi arsebobis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“kultura aris is rac<br />
rCeba adamianSi mas Semdeg<br />
rac mas yvelaferi<br />
daaviwydeba”<br />
emil anrio<br />
1889-1961w.<br />
377
daaxloebiT 50 wlis manZilze axalma xelSekrulebebma da dokumentebma<br />
daazusta da Semdgomi ganviTareba misca am dokumentis originalSi<br />
Camoyalibebul zogierT basizur koncefcias.<br />
es damatebebi iyo mTeli rigi faqtorebis Sedegi: nawilobriv isini<br />
ganpirobebuli iyo adamianis Rirsebis Sesaxeb warmodgenis cvlilebiT,<br />
nawilobriv es iyo pasuxi teqnologiur miRwevebze da xSirad ki es iyo<br />
axali safrTxis aRmocenebis Sedegi. axali specifikuri kategoriis<br />
uflebebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic SemoTavazebuli iyo rogorc mesame Taobis<br />
uflebebi es iyo sxvadasxva saxis dabrkolebebis ufro Rrma gaazrebis<br />
Sedegi, romlebic SeiZleba dadges pirveli da meore Taobis uflebebis<br />
realizebis gzaze. globalizaciis mzardma procesma aseve gamoaTavisufleba<br />
resursebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas am dabrkolebebis<br />
mosaxsnelad.<br />
? ra aris mTavari dabrkoleba rac xels uSlis adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvas ganviTarebad qveynebSi? romeli uflebebia<br />
yvelaze didi safrTxis qveS?<br />
mesame Taobis uflebebis safuZvels warmoadgens solidarobis idea. da<br />
es uflebebi moicavs sazogadoebis an xalxis koleqtiur uflebebs –<br />
rogoricaa mdgradi ganviTarebis, mSvidobis, an jansaRi garemos ufleba.<br />
msoflios umetes nawilSi iseTi pirobebi rogoricaa ukiduresi siRatake,<br />
omi, ekologiuri da bunebrivi katastrofebi iwvevs mcire progress<br />
adamianis uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. amis gamo bevrma adamianma<br />
gaiazra, rom saWiroa adamianis uflebebis axali kategoriis aRiareba: es<br />
uflebebi uzrunvelyofda saTanado pirobebs sazogadoebebisaTvis,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebSi, raTa daecvaT ukve aRiarebuli<br />
pirveli da meore Taobis uflebebi.<br />
specifikuri uflebebi, romlebic yvelaze xSirad aris moxseniebuli<br />
mesame Taobis uflebebis kategoriaSi aris ganviTarebis, mSvidobis, jansaRi<br />
garemos, kacobriobis saerTo memkvidreobis gaziarebis, komunikaciis, da<br />
humanitaruli daxmarebis ufleba.<br />
Tumca arsebobs dava uflebaTa am axali kategoriis Sesaxeb. zogierTi<br />
eqsperti ewinaaRmdegeba ideas, rom koleqtiur uflebebs SeiZleba ewodos<br />
“adamianis uflebebi”. adamianis uflebebs ganmartebis mixedviT floben<br />
individebi, da isini gansazRvraven individualuri interesebis sferos,<br />
romelsac pririteti unda mieniWos sazogadoebis an socialuri jgufebis<br />
interesebTan SedarebiT. amisgan gansxvavebiT koleqtiuri uflebebs floben<br />
sazogadoebebi an sulac mTlianad saxelmwifoebi.<br />
kamaTi imdenad Seexeba ara imas, arsebobs Tu ara es uflebebi, aramed<br />
unda iyos Tu ara isini kvalificirebuli rogorc adamianis uflebebi. es<br />
kamaTi scildeba ubralo verbaluri debatebis farglebs, radganac<br />
zogierTi SiSobs, rom aseTma terminologiurma cvlilebam SeiZleba<br />
“gamarTleba” mouZebnos garkveul represiul reJimebs, romlebic uars<br />
eubneba adamianebs individualur uflebebze koleqtiuri uflebebis<br />
saxeliT. mag. samoqalaqo uflebebis mkveTri Sekveca “ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis” uzrunvelyofis mizniT. arsebobs kidev erTi SiSi, romelic<br />
xSirad gamoiTqmeba: radganac mesame Taobis uflebebis dacvas uzrunvelyofs<br />
378 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
iunesko<br />
akuTrebul<br />
ebas aqcevs<br />
da 1997 w.<br />
s iuneskos<br />
onferenciam<br />
sayovelTao<br />
ia adamianis<br />
a adamianis<br />
Sesaxeb. es<br />
ebs Tanabar<br />
samedicino<br />
briobis da<br />
genetikuri<br />
ara saxelmwifo aramed saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba SeuZlebelia<br />
pasuxismgeblobis garantireba. vin an ram unda agos pasuxi kavkasiaSi an<br />
palestinaSi mSvidobis arsebobaze?<br />
miuxedavad amisa, rac ar unda gadavwyvitoT davarqvaT maT arsebobs<br />
zogadi SeTanxmeba, rom es sferoebi moiTxovs Semdgom Seswavlas da<br />
yuradRebas saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis mxridan. zogierTi<br />
koleqtiuri ufleba ukve aRiarebulia konkretulad adamianis da xalxis<br />
uflebebis afrikuli qartiis mier. Tavad adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaracia moicavs TviTgamorkvevis uflebas, ganviTarebis ufleba ki<br />
Camoyalibebuli iyo 1986 wlis gaeros generaluri asambleis deklaraciaSi.<br />
mecnieruli progresi<br />
kidev erTi sfero, sadac axali uflebebis aRiareba moxda aris<br />
samedicino mecniereba. axalma samecniero miRwevebma wamoWra mTeli rigi<br />
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, kerZod, genuri inJineriis,<br />
organoebisa da qsovilebis transplantaciis sferoSi. mecnierul-tqnikuri<br />
progresis Sedegad wamoiWra sicocxlis bunebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebi. drois am gamowvevaze evrosabWom reagireba moaxdina axali<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis saxiT: adamianis uflebaTa dacvis konvencia<br />
da adamianis Rirseba biologiisa da medicinis gamoyenebasTan mimarTebaSi<br />
(amieridan, is moixsenieba rogorc oviedos konvencia). es xelSekruleba<br />
ZalaSi Sevida 1999 w. dekemberSi.<br />
es konvencia xemloweril iqna evropis sabWos 30 wevri saxelmwifos<br />
mier da ratificirebuli iqna 10 -is mier. is Seicavs rekomendaciebs wina<br />
nawilSi wamoWrili zogierTi problematuri sakiTxis Sesaxeb. qvemoT<br />
moyvanilia yvelaze aqtualuri muxlebis reziume:<br />
� pirovnebis winaRmdeg nebismieri formis diskriminacia maTi<br />
genetikuri memkvidreobis safuZvelze akrZalulia<br />
� prognozuli saxis genetikuri testebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes<br />
mxolod samedicino miznebisaTvis da ara magaliTad im fizikuri<br />
maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvrisaTvis, romelic bavSvs eqneba<br />
mogvianebiT.<br />
� Careva romelic miznad isaxavs adamianis genis modificirebas<br />
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod preveciuli, diagnostikuri, an<br />
Terapiuli miznebiT.<br />
� samedicino Carevis Sedegad gamravleba ar aris daSvebuli Tu es<br />
miznad isaxavs momavali bavSvis sqesis gansazRvras.<br />
cocxali adamianis sxeulidan organos an qsovilis amoReba<br />
transplantaciisaTvis SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod recipientis<br />
mkurnalobis miznebiT (muxli 21 – finansuri mogebis akrZalva).<br />
bioteqnologia<br />
genuri inJineria aris organizmis memkvidruli niSan-Tvisebebis Secvlis<br />
meTodi winaswargansazRvruli gziT misi genetikuri masalis Secvlis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“nebismieri Careva,<br />
romelic cdilobs Seqmnas<br />
meore cocxali Tu mkvdari<br />
adamianis genetikurad<br />
msgavsi adamiani<br />
akrZalulia”.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da<br />
adamianis Rirsebis dacvis<br />
konvenciis damatebiTi<br />
protokoli \parizi 1998<br />
379
saSualebiT. am sferoSi miRweulma progresma gamoiwvia intensiuri kamaTi<br />
mTeli rigi eTikuri da adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebis garSemo. mag unda<br />
iyos Tu ara nebadarTuli ujredebis Secvla Tuki es iwvevs mudmiv genur<br />
cvlilebas mTel organizmSi da momdevno TaobebSi. an unda iyos Tu ara<br />
nebadarTuli individualuri genidan klonuri organizmis reproduqcia<br />
adamianis SemTxvevaSi Tuki es nebadarTulia Tagvebsa da cxvrebSi.<br />
biosamedicino progresma aseve SesaZlebeli gaxada zrdasruli da<br />
nayofis organoebis da qsovilebis gadanergva erTi sxeulidan meoreSi.<br />
genuri inJineriis msgavsad es iZleva uzarmazar potencials zogierTi<br />
adamainis sicocxlis gaumjobesebisaTvis da gadarCenisTvisac ki – magram<br />
dafiqrdiT zogierTi problematur sakiTxze, romelic gamowveulia am<br />
progresiT:<br />
� Tu sicocxle SeiZleba iqnas gadarCenili an gaumjobesebuli<br />
mkvdari sxeulidan gadanergili organos saSualebiT unda iqnas Tu<br />
ara es mcdeloba yovelTvis ganxorcielebuli? Tu gardacvlilic<br />
imsaxurebs pativiscemas?<br />
� rogor unda vuzrunvelyoT, rom yvelas Tanabari Sansi hqondes<br />
transplantatis miRebaze rodesac organoebi SezRuduli<br />
raodenobiT arsebobs?<br />
� unda arsebobdes Tu ara kanonebi, romlebic daaregulirebs<br />
organoebisa da qsovilebis konservacias?<br />
� Tu samedicino Careva gavlenas axdens individis genze da es<br />
safrTxes uqmnis individis sicocxles an sicocxlis xarisxs unda<br />
iyos Tu ara es kompensirebuli? iqneba mkvleloba dasaSvebi Tu<br />
pirovneba isedac kvdeba? Tuki es adamiani gardaicvleba, ramdenad<br />
swori iqneba braldebis wayeneba mkvlelobis muxliT?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi dacva<br />
Cven ukve viciT, rom adamianis uflebebi ganuyoflad yvela adamianis<br />
kuTvnilebaa. magram rogor visargebloT am uflebebiT? sad vipovoT<br />
380 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“kanoni ar cvl<br />
magram is namd<br />
zRudavs ugul<br />
martin luTer
dadastureba, rom isini oficialurad aris aRiarebuli saxelmwifos mier?<br />
rogor xorcieldeba es uflebebi?<br />
adamianis uflebebi aRiarebulia SeTanxmebebT<br />
saxelmwifoebi ikribebian saerTaSoriso doneze, raTa SeimuSaon<br />
xelSekrulebebi adamianis uflebebis sakiTxze. es SeTanxmebebi adgens<br />
saxelmwifoTa qcevis obieqtur standartebs da uwesebs maT garkveul<br />
valdebulebebs individebis mimarT. es valdebulebebi 2 saxis SeiZleba iyos:<br />
iuridiulad savaldebulo an arasavaldebulo.<br />
savaldebulo dokuments, romelsac xSirad xelSekrulebas, konvencias,<br />
an paqts uwodeben warmoadgens saxelmwifoebis mzadyofnas ganaxorcielon<br />
uflebebi nacionalur doneze. saxelmwifoebma unda gamoxaton<br />
individualuri mzadyofna da es SeiZleba gakeTdes xelSekrulebis<br />
ratificirebis an masTan mierTebis gziT. (dokumentze ubralod xelis<br />
mowera ar xdis mas savaldebulos.) saxelmwifoebs zogadad ufleba aqvT<br />
Tavi Seikavon an gaakeTon dokumentis zogierTi debulebisgan<br />
ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb daTqma. am praqtikis mizania rac SeiZleba metma<br />
saxelmwifom moaweros dokuments xeli. bolos da bolos jobia<br />
saxelmwifo pirobas debdes, rom daicavs adamianis zogierT uflebas vidre<br />
arc erTs! Tumca es meqanizmi xandaxan SeiZleba dairRves da gamoyenebul<br />
iqnas rogorc adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebze uaris Tqmis safuZveli da<br />
misces saxelmwifos saSualeba gaeqces saerTaSoriso meTvalyureobas<br />
zogierT sferoSi.<br />
? rogor fiqrobT ratom arian mzad saxelmwifoebi, romelSic<br />
adamianebis uflebebis dacva naklebad aris uzrunvelyofili<br />
xeli moaweron adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso<br />
xelSekrulebebs?<br />
gansxvavebiT savaldebulo dokumentebisagan, arasavaldebulo dokumenti<br />
aris ubralo deklaracia an saxelmwifoebis politikuri SeTanxmeba, rom<br />
yvelaferi gakeTdeba dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, Tumca amisaTvis ar<br />
arsebobs aranairi sakanonmdeblo valdebuleba. es niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs<br />
praqtikulad ganxorcielebis raime oficialuri (an sakanonmdeblo)<br />
meqanizmebi.<br />
? ra fasi aqvs ubralod “dapirebas” samarTlebrivi normebis<br />
Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, rodesac es ar aris gamyarebuli iuridiuli<br />
meqanizmebiT? Tu es ukeTesia, vidre araferi?<br />
gaeros deklaracia anu arasavaldebulo dokumenti Cveulebriv aris<br />
gaeros generaluri asambleis Sexvedris an konkretul Temaze Catarebuli<br />
konferenciis Sedegi. yvela saxelmwifo ubralod gaeros wevrobis an<br />
konferenciaze daswrebis gamo iTvleba deklaraciis momxred. adamianis<br />
uflebebis aRiareba aseve SeiZleba moxdes erovnul doneze rogorc<br />
saxelmwifosa da xalxis SeTanxmebis Sedegi. rodesac adamianis uflebebis<br />
aRiareba xdeba erovnul doneze isini xdeba saxelmwifos upiratesi<br />
valdebuleba misi xalxis mimarT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
381
ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
adamianis uflebebis mniSvneloba TandaTan ufro met aRiarebas da ufro<br />
met mxardaWeras poulobs. es unda ganvixiloT ara mxolod rogorc<br />
adamianis uflebebis damcvelTa gamarjveba, aramed zogadad xalxis. aseTi<br />
warmatebis Sedegia adamianis uflebaTa dokumenetebis didi da rTuli<br />
institutis da maTi ganxorcielebis meqanizmebis Camoyalibeba.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebi Cveulebriv klasificirdeba 3 ZiriTad<br />
kategoriaSi: geografiuli (regionaluri an universaluri),<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis kategoriis mixedviT da pirovnebebis an<br />
jgufebis specifikuri kategoriis mixedviT, romlebzec vrceldeba es<br />
uflebebi.<br />
gaeros farglebSi arsebobs 100-ze meti adamianis uflebebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli dokumenti da Tu amas davamatebT reginalur doneze<br />
arsebul sxvadasxva dokumentsac es ricxvi bevrad ufro gaizrdeba.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi Cven ver ganvixilavT yvela am dokuments da amitomac es<br />
nawili Seexeba yvelaze mniSvnelovan dokumentebs:<br />
� dokumentebi, romlebic farTod aris aRiarebuli da romlebmac<br />
Seqmnes safuZveli adamianis uflebaTa sxva dokumentebisaTvis<br />
� ZiriTadi evropuli dokumentebi<br />
� dokumentebi, romlebic exeba saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilul<br />
globalur sakiTxebs.<br />
uflebaTa saerTaSoriso bili<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani globaluri adamianis uflebaTa dokumenti aris<br />
1948 w. gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaracia. man imdenad farTo aRiareba moipova, rom misi<br />
sawyisi arasavaldebulo xasiaTi Seicvala da axla xSirad eyrdnobian,<br />
rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis iuridiulad savaldebulo dokuments.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia Sedgeba preambulisa da 30<br />
muxlisagan, romlebic ayalibeben adamianis uflebebs da ZiriTad<br />
Tavisuflebebs, romelic gaaCnia yvela qals da kacs mTel dedamiwaze raime<br />
diskriminaciis gareSe. is uzrunvelyofs rogorc samoqalaqo aseve<br />
politikur, socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul uflebebs.<br />
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti da<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wels da warmoadgenen ZiriTad, iuridiulad<br />
savaldebulo dokumentebs msoflios masStabiT. adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaraciasTan erTad isini qmnian uflebaTa saerTaSoriso<br />
bils. TiToeuli maTgani, rogorc maTi saxelebic miuTiTebs, miekuTvneba<br />
uflebaTa sxvadasxva kategorias.<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
moqmedebas iwyebs rogorc ki saxelmwifo SeuaerTdeba mas, xolo<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganxorcieldes etapobrivad. (amasTan, saxelmwifoeb<br />
kisruloben valdebulebas ganaviTaron politika da kanonmdebloba,<br />
romelic xels Seuwyobs uflebebis srul realizacias) gansxvaveba imiT<br />
382 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
ZiriTad uflebaT<br />
es aris evroka<br />
adamianis ufle<br />
pirveli dokume<br />
teqstSi aerTia<br />
samoqalaqo, po<br />
ekonomikur, so<br />
sazogadoebriv<br />
romlebic ukve<br />
Camoyalibebuli<br />
saerTaSoriso,<br />
erovnul wyaro<br />
erToblivad iyo<br />
gamocxadebuli<br />
sabWos, evropl<br />
da evrokomisii<br />
nicaSi 2000 wl<br />
dekembers. evro<br />
konvenciebisagan
aixsneba, rom ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli ulebebi ar SeiZleba<br />
ganxorcieldes momentalurad.<br />
? fiqrobT rom sworia samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis<br />
dauyovnebeli ganxorcieleba xolo socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
uflebebis ki etapobrivad?<br />
evropuli dokumentebi<br />
msoflios xuTidan oTx regionSi, Seqmnilia adamianis uflebaTa<br />
damcavi sistemebi. amerikis kontinentze moqmedebs amerikis saxelmwifoebis<br />
organizacia da mTavari savaldebulo dokumenti aris 1969 wlis<br />
amerikuli konvencia adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. afrikaSi arsebobs 1986 w.<br />
afrikis kavSiris (yofili afrikuli erTobis organizacia) farglebSi<br />
miRebuli adamianisa da xalxis uflebebis afrikuli qartia. aziis<br />
kontinentze araviTari realuri sistema dRemde ar aris ganviTarebuli da<br />
erTaderTi regionaluri adamianis uflebaTa dokumenti aris<br />
arasavaldebulo aziuri deklaracia adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb. ra<br />
mdgomareobaa evropaSi? evropas, ra Tqma unda, aqvs adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dacvis kargad Camoyalibebuli sistema evropis sabWos farglebSi.<br />
? rogor fiqrobT ratom CaTvales sxvadasxva regionebma<br />
saWirod sakuTari adamianis uflebaTa sistemebis Camoyalibeba?<br />
evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ZiriTadi dokumentia evropuli<br />
konvencia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTaA dacvis Sesaxeb<br />
(is aseve cnobilia rogorc evropuli konvencia adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb). miRebulia evrosabWos yvela wevri saxelmwifos mier, radganac<br />
warmoadgens gawevrianebis ZiriTad pirobas. miRebul iqna 1950 w. magram<br />
ZalaSi Sevida mxolod sami wlis Semdeg. moicavs samoqalaqo da<br />
politikur uflebebs da mTavari upiratesoba aris misi realizaciis<br />
meqanizmi – evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo. am sasamarTloTi da<br />
misi praqtikiT aRfrTovanebulia mTeli msoflio da mas xSirad mimarTavs<br />
gaero, mravali qveynis konstituciuri sasamarTlo da sxva regionaluri<br />
sistemebi.<br />
iseve rogorc gaeros sistemaSi, evropaSic socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
uflebebi ganixileba calke dokumentSi. evropis socialuri qartia<br />
(Sesworebuli) aris iuridiulad savaldebulo dokumenti. igi Seicavs<br />
uflebebs, romlebic evropelebs uzrunvelyofs saTanado cxovrebis doniT.<br />
qartia 2001 wlisaTvis xelmowerili iyo 32 wevri-saxelmwifos mier da<br />
maTgan 12 ratificirebuli hqonda is.<br />
abWos ZiriTadi instrumentebi da meqanizmebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“me Cems Tavs yvela<br />
ucnobis TvalebSi vxedav”.<br />
rojer uotersi<br />
383
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
komisari<br />
evropis socialuri<br />
qartia (Sesworebuli),<br />
1961/1999<br />
evrosabWos<br />
gen mdivani<br />
Tavisufal<br />
eqpertTa<br />
komiteti<br />
moxsenebebi jgufuri<br />
saCivrebi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropis konvencia,<br />
1950<br />
evrosabWos<br />
gen mdivani<br />
specifiuri jgufebis dacva<br />
individebis ZiriTadi uflebebis dacvasTan erTad zogierTi adamianis<br />
uflebaTa dokumenti aRiarebs specifiuri jgufebis uflebebs. es<br />
specialuri dacva saWiro gaxda garkveuli jgufebis mimarT diskriminaciis<br />
adreuli SemTxveevbis gamo da im araprivilegirebuli da daucveli<br />
poziciebis gamo, romelic zogierT jgufebs uWiravT sazogadoebaSi. im<br />
jgufebis magaliTebi romlebmac miiRes specialuri dacva aris:<br />
umciresobebi<br />
evropis sabWo<br />
evropuli<br />
sasamarTlo<br />
moxsenebebi sasamarTlo<br />
saqmeebi<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego<br />
evropuli komisia, 1993<br />
nacionalur<br />
umciresobaTa dacvis<br />
CarCo xelSekruleba,<br />
1995<br />
ministrTa komiteti<br />
+<br />
sakonsultacio komiteti<br />
wamebis sawinaaRmdego<br />
konvencia, 1987, 1995<br />
wamebis sawinaaRmdego<br />
evropis komiteti<br />
moxsenebebi daswreba<br />
da<br />
moxsenebebi<br />
umciresobebi daculni arian:<br />
� gaeros doneze 1992 wels miRebuli erovnuli, eTnikuri,<br />
religiuri an lingvisturi umciresobebis warmomadgeneli<br />
pirovnebebis uflebebis deklaraciiT da umciresobaTa damcveli da<br />
diskriminaciis amkrZalavi qvekomisiis saSualebiT.<br />
� evropis doneze savaldebulo dokumentiT – CarCo konvencia<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis dacvisaTvis, romelmac daarsa<br />
384 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
damoukidebeli eqspertebis monitoringis jgufi: CarCo konvenciis<br />
mrCevelTa komiteti<br />
� evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli adgilis miniWebiT – umaRlesi komisari erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis saqmeSi, da Sesabamisi evropis uSiSroebisa da<br />
TanamSromlobis organizaciis dokumentebiT.<br />
bavSvebi<br />
maTi ZiriTadi dacva uzrunvelyofilia gaeros doneze 1990 wlis<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis saxiT, romelic aris yvelaze farTo maStabiT<br />
ratificirebuli konvencia (aSS-s da somalis gamoklebiT). afrikis doneze<br />
afrikuli qartia bavSvis uflebebisa da keTildReobis Sesaxeb<br />
uzrunvelyofs bavSvTa ZiriTadi uflebebis dacvas kontinentze arsebuli<br />
situaciis specifikuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT. is ZalSi Sevida 1999<br />
wels.<br />
ltolvilebi<br />
ltolvilebis uflebebi gansakuTrebulad aris garantirebuli 1951<br />
wlis ltolvilTa statusis konvenciaSi da gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi<br />
komisariatis mier. erTaderTi regionaluri sistema specifiuri dokumentiT<br />
ltolvilTa dacvis Sesaxeb aris afrikaSi, romelmac 1969 w. miiRo<br />
ltolvilTa specifikuri aspeqtebis maregulirebeli konvencia, magram<br />
evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia aseve gvTavazobs<br />
garkveul damatebiT dacvas.<br />
qalebi<br />
msoflioSi sqesTa Soris Tanasworobis damyarebis mizniT 1979 wels<br />
gaerom miiRo konvencia qalebis mimarT diskriminaciis nebismieri formis<br />
aRmofxvris Sesaxeb, rogorc specialuri dokumenti, romelic icavs qalTa<br />
uflebebs.<br />
sxva jgufebi<br />
jgufebi, rogoricaa mSromelebi da patimrebi aseve imyofebian<br />
specialuri dacvis qveS maTi daucveli poziciis gamo, romelic advilad<br />
eqvemdebareba xelyofas. sxva jgufebi mag. aborigenebi arc ise iRblianebi<br />
aRmoCndnen, maT ver miiRes specifiuri dacva da rogorc jgufi wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi ibrZvian TavianTi uflebebisaTvis.<br />
? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT Tqveni sazogadoebis jgufebi,<br />
romlebsac esaWiroebaT specialuri dacva?<br />
brZola rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaRmdeg<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaRmdego evropuli komisia aris<br />
meqanizmi, romelic darsda 1993 w. evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebis<br />
mTavrobis meTaurebis samitze. rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaRmdego<br />
evropuli komisiis amocana aris ebrZolos rasizms, qsenofobias,<br />
antisemitizms da Seuwynareblobas mTlianad evropis doneze, maT Sorisaa<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
385
adamianis uflebaTa evropis<br />
konvenciis oqmi #12<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis<br />
winaaRmdeg evropis komisiis<br />
axali oqmi miRebul<br />
iqna 2000 w.: oqmi #12. am<br />
momentisaTvis masze xeli<br />
mowerili aqvs 27 saxelmwifos<br />
da ratificirebulia<br />
2-is mier. is ZalaSi Seva 10<br />
ratifikaciis Semdeg. misi<br />
ZiriTadi aqcenti aris<br />
diskriminaciis akrZalva.<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis<br />
winaaRmdeg evropis komisia<br />
ukve iZleva diskriminaciisagan<br />
dacvis garantias<br />
(muxli 14) magram es araadeqvaturad<br />
iTvleba sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />
debulebebTan SedarebiT<br />
rogoricaa adamianis uflebebis<br />
sayovelTao deklara-cia<br />
da saerTaSoriso paqti<br />
samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb. ZiriTadi<br />
mizezi aris, is rom muxli 14<br />
sxvebisagan gansxvavebiT ar<br />
Seicavs diskriminaciis<br />
damoukidebel akrZalvas. anu<br />
is krZalavs diskriminacias<br />
mxolod “uflebebiT da<br />
TavisuflebebiT” sargeblo-bis<br />
safuZvelze, romelic<br />
Camoyalibebulia konvenciaSi.<br />
rodesac es protokoli<br />
ZalaSi Seva diskriminaciis<br />
akrZalvas miecema “damoukidebeli<br />
sicocxle” sxva<br />
debulebebisagan gansxvavebiT.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvac. rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaRmdego<br />
komisiis qmedeba moicavs yvela saWiro zomas Zaladobis, diskriminaciis da<br />
prekoncefciebis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis, romelsac xvdebian pirovnebebi an<br />
pirovnebaTa jgufebi gansakuTrebiT rasobrivi, kanis feris, enobrivi,<br />
religiuri, erovnuli da nacionaluri an eTnikuri warmomavlobis niadagze.<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaRmdego komisiis wevrebi maTi<br />
mTavrobebis mier daniSnulebi arian maTi fundamenturi codnis safuZvelze<br />
SeuwyanerblobasTan brZolis sferoSi. isini dasaxelebuli iyvnen<br />
pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobis bazaze da moqmedeben mTavrobisagan<br />
damoukideblad.<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaRmdego komisiis ZiriTadi programa<br />
Sedgeba:<br />
� individualuri muSaoba TiToeul wevr qveyanaSi, sitauciis Rrma<br />
analizis da konkretuli winadadebebis SemuSavebis, maTgan<br />
gamomdinare Semdgomi qmedebebis CaTvliT.<br />
� muSaoba zogad Temebze (magaliTebis Segroveba da gavrceleba<br />
rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaRmdeg komisiis specifiur<br />
Temebze dadebiTi xasiaTis muSaobis sailustraciod da zogadi<br />
rekomedaciebis miReba)<br />
� sazogadoebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba informirebulobis<br />
amaRlebis CaTvliT da sainformacio sesiebi wevr qveynebSi,<br />
koordinacia erovnul da adgilobriv arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan, antirasistuli Sexedulebebis gavrceleba da<br />
saganamanaTleblo masalis Seqmna.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis uzrunvelyofa<br />
rogor unda mivaRwioT damcavi meqanizmebis amuSavebas? vin an ra<br />
uzrunvelyofs, rom saxelmwifoebma Seasrulon es valdebulebebi? mTavari<br />
sameTvalyureo organoebi arian komisiebi an komitetebi da sasamarTloebi,<br />
yvela maTgani Sedgeba damukidebeli wevrebisagan – eqspertebis an<br />
mosamarTleebisagan – romlebic ar warmoadgenen erT romelime<br />
saxelmwifos. am organoebis mier gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi meqanizmebi aris:<br />
1. saCivari (individis, jgufis an saxelmwifos mier aRZruli)<br />
2. sasamarTlo saqmeebi<br />
3. moxsenebis wardgenis procedurebi<br />
radganac yvela adamianis uflebaTa dokumenti an regionaluri sistema<br />
ar iyenebs ersTa da imave procedurebs adamianis uflebaTa<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis ramodenime magaliTi dagvexmareba davazustoT ras<br />
gulisxmobs es procedurebi.<br />
saCivrebi<br />
saCivari saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg aRiZreba komisiis an komitetis winaSe<br />
rasac naxevradiurdiul proceduras uwodeben. amis Semdeg samTvalyureo<br />
organo Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas da saxelmwifoebma unda Seasrulon is,<br />
Tumca amisaTvis ar arsebobs aranairi iuridiuli procedura. xSirad<br />
saWiroa saxelmwifom gaakeTos Sesabamisi gancxadeba an arCeviTi<br />
protokolis ratifikacia mis mier sarCelTa sistemis aRiarebis<br />
386 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
inaaRmdego<br />
puli komiteti<br />
s evropuli<br />
delegaciebi<br />
stumroben<br />
xelmomwer<br />
magram aseve<br />
n damatebiTi<br />
is vizitebi<br />
. 2001 wlis<br />
i wamebisagan<br />
i komitets<br />
Sveicariis,<br />
aRsaniSnavad. gaeros farglebSi arsebuli adamianis uflebaTa komiteti da<br />
rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komiteti da amerikis saxelmwifoebis<br />
organizaciis farglebSi arsebuli adamianis uflebaTa interamerikuli<br />
komisia aris im organoTa magaliTebi romlebic ixilaven saCivrebs.<br />
? unda arsebobdes Tu ara iuridiuli meqanizmi adamianis<br />
uflebaTa standartebTan Sesabamisobis gansamtkiceblad? ra<br />
sanqciebi SeiZleba arsebobdes?<br />
sasamarTlo saqmeebi<br />
konkretulad adamianis uflebaTa ganxocielebis mizniT damkvirvebeli<br />
organoebis saxiT arsebobs mxolod 2 mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo: adamianis<br />
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo da adamianis uflebaTa inter-amerikuli<br />
sasamarTlo. magram aseve daarsebulia axali saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo<br />
wesdeba ukve ratificirebulia 60 saxelmwifos mier. es sasamarTlo -<br />
saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo - gaasamarTlebs pirebs,<br />
romlebsac bralad edebaT kacobriobis winaSe danaSaulis Cadena, genocidi<br />
da omis dros Cadenili danaSaulebi. am TvalsazrisiT is gansxvavdeba da<br />
avsebs evropul da inter-amerikul sasamarTloebs, romlebic ganixilaven<br />
saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg aRZrul saCivrebs.<br />
moxsenebebi da ganxilvebi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebis umravlesoba moiTxovs<br />
saxelmwifoebisagan moxsenebebis wardgenas. moxsenebebi Sedgenilia Tavad<br />
saxelmwifoebis mier damkvirvebelTa organos moTxovnebis Sesabamisad da<br />
moicavs zogad informacias uflebaTa funqcionirebis Sesaxeb erovnul<br />
doneze. moxsenebebi ganixileba sajarod da Cveulebriv arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi aqtiur rols asruleben am etapze, kerZod akeTeben<br />
alternatiul moxsenebas saxelmwifosTan erTad. magaliTad, saerTaSoriso<br />
paqtiebi admianis uflebebis Sesaxeb da konvencia qalebis mimarT nebismieri<br />
formis dikriminaciis akrZalvis Sesaxeb, aris is dokumentebi, romlebic<br />
moiTxoven moxsenebebis wardgenas.<br />
am meqanizmTagan umravlesoba arsebobs konkretuli adamianis uflebaTa<br />
darRvevebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. wamebisa da araadamianuri,<br />
damamcirebeli mopyrobisagan dacvis konvencia (1987) gansxvavebuli saxisaa.<br />
is damyarebulia wamebisa da araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobisagan<br />
dacvis evropuli komitetis wevrebis vizitebze damnaSaveTa dakavebis<br />
adglebSi – mag. cixeebi, da mcirewlovanebis dakavebis adgilebi, policiis<br />
ganyofilebebi, sajariso yazarmebi da fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofoebi.<br />
wamebisa da araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyrobisagan dacvis komitetis<br />
wevrebi swavloben dakavebulTa mimarT mopyrobas da Tu saWiroa<br />
rekomendacias iZlevian gaumjobesebisaTvis raTa moxdes wesebis dacva<br />
wamebis da araadamianuri mopyrobis likvidaciis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
387
strasburgis evropuli sasamarTlo cnobilia mTeli rigi mizezebis<br />
gamo, magram yvelaze metad albaT imis gamo, rom man sicocxle da<br />
mniSvneloba Semata adaminis uflebebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis teqsts.<br />
misi erT-erTi upiratesoba aris savaldebulo iurisdiqciis sistema, rac<br />
niSnavs rom rogorc ki saxelmwifo moaxdens mis ratificirebas an<br />
SeuerTdeba mas is avtomaturad daeqvemdebareba evropis sasamarTlos<br />
iurisdiqcias. amdenad am sasamarTloSi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis<br />
SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg SeiZleba Setanili iqnas sarCeli<br />
ratifikaciis momentidan.<br />
misi warmatebis kidev erTi mizezi aris sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis<br />
iuridiuli Zala. saxelmwifoebi unda daemorCilon saboloo<br />
gadawyvetilebas. amaze dakvirvebas awarmoebs evrosabWos ministrTa<br />
komiteti.<br />
evropis sasamarTloSi aRZruli nebismieri saqmis ganxilvis dros<br />
procedura aseve moicavs megobruli gadawyvetis SesaZleblobas mxareebs<br />
Soris mediatorobis safuZvelze.<br />
sasamarTlom aseve SeZlo ganviTarebuliyo droSi. 1959 w. misi<br />
daarsebis Semdeg is iyo mxolod aramudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romelic<br />
muSaobda adamianis uflebaTa evropis komisiasTan erTad. mis mier<br />
ganxiluli saqmeebis zrdasTan erTad saWiro gaxda mudmivmoqmedi<br />
sasamarTlos arseboba da is daarsda kidec 1998 w. es winsvla warmoadgens<br />
sasamarTlos warmatebis naTel dadasturebas. xalxma icis, rom is arsebobs<br />
da Seswevs unari Caerios rodesac maTi ZiriTadi uflebebi xelyofilia.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlos mniSvnelovani<br />
saqmeebi<br />
qvemoT moyvanilia zogerTi mniSvnelovani saqmeebi, romlebic ganxiluli<br />
iyo evropis sasamarTlos mier.<br />
� soringi didi britaneTis winaaRmdeg (ivnisi 1989): saqme exeboda<br />
am pirovnebis eqstradicias mkvlelobis braldebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
aSS-Si, sadac es danaSauli sikvdiliT isjeba. sasamarTlom CaTvala<br />
rom misi gagzavna aSS-Si iqneboda wamebisagan dacvis, araadamianuri<br />
da damamcirebeli mopyobis an dasjis winaaRmdeg Cadenili qmedeba<br />
(evropis konvencia, muxli 3,). am gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi Seegi<br />
iyo is, rom evrosabWos wevri qveynebSi pirovnebebis dacva gascda<br />
evropis farglebs. es principi aseve gameorda sxva SemTxvevebSic<br />
rogoricaa jabari TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, (ivlisi 2000) da man<br />
aseve daicva TavSesafris mTxovnelebi maT qveynebSi dabrunebisagan<br />
sadac maT sicocxles safrTxe emuqreboda.<br />
� taireri didi britaneTis winaaRmdeg (marti 1978): am SemTxvevaSi<br />
sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom fizikuri dasja arasrulwovani<br />
damnaSaveebisTvis ewinaaRmdegeboda adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
evropis konvencias, radganac is arRvevda wamebisagan, damamcirebeli<br />
an araadamianuri mopyrobis an dasjisagan dacvis uflebas, romelic<br />
garantirebulia mesame muxliT. sasamarTlos sityvebiT: “misi dasja<br />
– rodesac is ganixileba rogorc obieqti administraciis xelSi<br />
aris Seuracyofa zustad im sakiTxSi, rac warmoadgens muxli 3-is<br />
388 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ZiriTad mizans, kerZod pirovnebis Rirsebisa da fizikuri<br />
sijansaRis dacva”. es saqme kargi magaliTia imis sailustraciod,<br />
rom konvencia cocxali organizmia da sasamarTlo fexs uwyobs<br />
Cveni sazogadoebis faseulobebis cvlilebas.<br />
� kokinakisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg (aprili 1993): es iyo<br />
saintereso SemTxveva, romelic exeboda konfliqts sxvadasxva<br />
xalxis uflebebs Soris. is damyarebuli iyo prozelitizmis<br />
sakiTxze da ganixileboda arRvevs Tu ara religiis swavleba<br />
(garantirebuli konvenciis 9 muxliT) sxva pirovnebis uflebas<br />
religiis Tavisuflebaze. sasamarTlom saWirod CaTvala mkveTrad<br />
gaemijna swavleba, qadageba Tu amoraluri da macdunebeli gzebiT<br />
adamianis darwmuneba religiis Secvlis sargeblobaSi (rogoricaa<br />
socialuri an materialuri privilegiebis dapireba, Zaladobis an<br />
“tvinis gamorecxvis” meTodebis gamoyeneba).<br />
evropis adamianis uflebaTa konvencia<br />
saxelmwifo saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg muxli 33<br />
(savaldebulo iurisdiqcia)<br />
kontrolis meqanizmi<br />
evropis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa konvencia<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropis sasamarTlo<br />
miRebisa da ganxilvis wesebi (muxli 29 da 35)<br />
pirovneba saxelmwifos<br />
winaaRmdeg muxli 34<br />
(savaldebulo iurisdiqcia)<br />
faqtebis dadgena. urTierTmisaRebi SeTanxmebis miRwevis mcdeloba<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis safuZvelze: muxlebi 38 da 39<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos<br />
gadawyvetileba<br />
sasamarTlos ganaCenis aRsrulebas<br />
meTvalyureobas uwevs ministrTa komiteti<br />
muxli 46 (2)<br />
koncefcia da dizaini: p. drJemCevski. grafika: publikaciebis ganyofileba, adamianis uflebaTa<br />
generaluri direqtorati<br />
“arc adamianTa gulebSi da<br />
arc sazogadoebaSi ar<br />
daisadgurebs mSvidoba<br />
vidre sikvdili ar<br />
gamocxaddeba kanongareSed”<br />
alber kamiu<br />
389
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
sasamarTlo: cifrebi da faqtebi<br />
� 43 mosamarTle.<br />
saSualod 180 satelefono<br />
zari da 800 werili iyo<br />
miRebuli yoveldRiurad<br />
2001 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
� 19815 saqme<br />
elodeboda ganxilvas 2002<br />
wlis ianvris dasawyisSi<br />
� saCivrebma moimata<br />
523%-iT yovelwliurad<br />
1990 wlidan 2000<br />
wlamde; 1990 w.<br />
sasamarTlom miiRo 1657<br />
ganacxadi, 2000 w. ki 10<br />
486.<br />
� 2000 w. sasamarTlom<br />
gamoitana 889 ganaCeni rac<br />
niSnavs dReSi 2-ze meti<br />
saqmis ganxilvas<br />
(dasvenebis dReebis da<br />
dResaswaulebis CaTvliT!).<br />
evropis sasamarTlo awarmoebs mosmenebs nebismier evropis kinvenciiT<br />
garantirebul uflebebTan dakavSirebiT rogoricaa sicocxlis ufleba,<br />
samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba, da azris gamoTqmis<br />
Tavisufleba. magram radganac is daarsebulia uSualod II msoflio omis<br />
Semdgom periodSi, amitom eqskluziur aqcents akeTebs samoqalaqo da<br />
politikur uflebebze. Sedegad mas aklia samoqalaqo, socialuri da<br />
umciresobebis uflebebis SemTxvevebis ganxilvis kompetencia. am<br />
SezRudvebis miuxedavad is farTod aris aRiarebuli.<br />
? ganixileboda Tu ara evropul sasamarTloSi romelime saqme<br />
Tqveni qveynis winaaRmdeg?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlo, evropis<br />
sasamarTlo, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo: ra gansxvavebaa maT<br />
Soris?<br />
xSirad arsebobs gaurkvevloba adamianis uflebaTa evropis<br />
sasamarTlos, evropis sasamarTlos, da saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos rolebis<br />
garSemo. faqtobrivad samive organo Zalian gansxvavbulia maTi<br />
geografiuli iurisdiqciis da im saqmeebis tipebis mixedviT, romlebsac<br />
isini ganixilaven. evropis sasamarTlo aris evrokavSiris organo. es aris<br />
sasamarTlo, romlis ZiriTadi movaleoba aris uzrunvelyos sazogadoebrivi<br />
kanonis erTgvarovani interpretireba da gamoyeneba TiToeul wevr qveyanaSi.<br />
is emyareba sazogadoebriv kanons da ara adamianis uflebaTa<br />
kanonmdeblobas, magram zogjer sazogadoebrivma kanonmdeblobam SeiZleba<br />
moicvas adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebic. cnobili SemTxveva iyo bosmanis<br />
saqme, romelic ganixila evropis sasamarTlom da exeboda safexburTo<br />
gundebs Soris transferis wesebs. gadawyda, rom isini ar Seesabameboda<br />
romis xelSekrulebis Sinaarss konkurenciis wesebis da momsaxureebis<br />
Tavisufal gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb.<br />
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo aris gaeros ZiriTadi sasamarTlo organo.<br />
mas aqvs ormagi roli: saxelmwifoebis mier aRZruli sakanonmdeblo davebis<br />
gadawyveta saerTaSoriso normebTan SesabamisobaSi da kvalificiuri rCevis<br />
micema iuridiul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. mxolod saxelmwifos SeuZlia<br />
aRZras saqme sxva saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg da Cveulebriv es dava exeba<br />
saxelmwifoebs Soris dadebul xelSekrulebebs. xelSekruleba SeiZleba<br />
exebodes ZiriTad urTierTobebs saxelmwifoebs Soris (mag. komerciuli an<br />
teritoriuli) an SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebs.<br />
? rogor exmareba es gansxvavebuli iuridiuli meqanizmebi<br />
Cveulebriv moqalaqes?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa komisari<br />
evropis sabWoSi komisris Tanamdebobis Seqmnis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba<br />
miiRes saxelmwifos meTaurTa samitze strasburgSi 1997 w. oqtomberSi. am<br />
damoukidebeli institutis mizani aris rogorc adamianis uflebaTa arsis<br />
damkvidreba, aseve am uflebebis efeqturi dacva da srulad sargebloba<br />
390 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
evropis sabWos wevr qveynebs Soris. komisari irCeva saparlamento<br />
asambleis mier 6 wliani vadiT xelaxali arCevis uflebis gareSe.<br />
komisariati aris araiuridiuli instituti, misi saqmianoba ganixileba<br />
rogorc damatebiTi, Semavsebeli evropissabWos sxva institutebisaTvis,<br />
romlebic aqtiurad amkvidreben adamianis uflebebs. komisarma unda<br />
Seasrulos Tavis movaleobebi sruli damoukideblobisa da<br />
miukerZoeblobis principiT da amave dros pativi sces adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropis konvenciis an sxva evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebis<br />
farglebSi arsebul sxvadasxva damkvirvebeli organoebis kompetencias.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa komisris ZiriTadi miznebi aris:<br />
� wevr qveynebSi adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebisa da<br />
informirebulobis gazrda<br />
� wevri saxelmwifoebis kanonSi SesaZlo xarvezebis aRmoCena<br />
adamianis uflebebTan Sesatyvisobis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
� adamianis uflebaTa efeqturi dacvis da srulad sargeblobis<br />
xelis Sewyoba rogorc es Camoyalibebulia evropis sabWos<br />
sxvadasxva dokumenetebSi.<br />
komisars SeuZlia imoqmedos ex officio nebismier sakiTxze misi<br />
kompetenciis farglebSi. Tumca mas ar SeuZlia ganixilos individualuri<br />
saCivrebi, komisarma SesaZloa imoqmedos adamianis uflebaTa damkvidrebis<br />
konteqstSi, miiRos zomebi nebismieri informaciis safuZvelze, romelic<br />
dakavSirebulia adamianis uflebebis dacvis aspeqtebTan, rogorc<br />
aRniSnulia evrosabWos dokumentebSi.<br />
aseTi informacia da moTxovnebi Sesabamisi zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb<br />
SeiZleba wardgenil iyos mTavrobebis, erovnuli parlamentis, erovnuli<br />
ombudsmenis, an msgavsi institutebis, aseve pirovnebebisa da organizaciebis<br />
mier.<br />
aris es sakmarisi?<br />
bevri amtkicebs, rom Sesabamisi kanonqmedebis meqanizmebis ararsebobis<br />
gamo msoflioSi xSirad orRveva adamianis uflebebi. xSirad konkretuli<br />
saxelmwifoebis gadasawyvetad rCeba Seasruleben Tu ara miRebul<br />
rekomendaciebs. bevr SemTxvevaSi iqneba Tu ara garantirebuli individis an<br />
jgufis ufleba damokidebulia saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis zewolaze<br />
da metwilad arasamTavrobo organizaciebis muSaobaze. es situacia<br />
damakmayofilebelze bevrad naklebia radganac didi xnis lodini SeiZleba<br />
dagvWirdes vidre adamianis uflebebis darRvevebi miaRwevs gaeros an<br />
evrosabWos yuramde.<br />
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes amis gamosasworeblad? pirvel rigSi<br />
aucilebelia saxelmwifoebma erovnul doneze uzrunvelyon adamianis<br />
uflebaTa dacva da SeimuSaon saTanado meqanizmi nebismieri Zaladobis<br />
winaaRmdeg. amave dros zewola unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifoebze raTa<br />
maT aRiaron is meqanizmebi, romlebic iTvaliswineben samarTlebrivi<br />
sanqciebis gamoyenebas.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
391
“adeqi, fexze dadeqi,<br />
daicavi Seni uflebebi”<br />
bob marli<br />
“msoflio saxifaTo<br />
adgilia sacxovreblad!<br />
ara imdenad imaT gamo<br />
vinc borotebas Cadis,<br />
aramed imaT gamo vinc<br />
uyurebs maT da<br />
saSualebas aZlevs ase<br />
moiqcnen”<br />
albert ainStaini<br />
aqtiuroba da arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis roli<br />
„Cven bevris gakeTeba mogvixda raTa amisTvis migveRwia. amas dasWirda<br />
Cveni organizaciis mier mowyobili ramodenime demonstracia da patimrobaSi<br />
yofnac ki, ...... kongresze sanam sityvas mogvcemdnen me momiwia mivvardnodi<br />
magidas kongresSi... sityvisaTvis 5 wuTi gamomiyves.“<br />
(Ceri honkala, pirveli adamiani, romelic cxovrobda aSS-Si saxelmwifo<br />
daxmarebiT da romelic warsdga kongresis winaSe da warmoadgina saxelmwifo<br />
daxmarebiT mcxovrebi adamianis uflebebis dacvis kensigtonis kavSiri.)<br />
ra aris arasamTavrobo organizacia?<br />
termini arasamaTavrobo an ufro zustad arakomerciuli Cveulebriv<br />
gamoiyeneba organizaciaTa speqtris aRsaniSnad, romlebic qmnian samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebas. aseTi organizaciebi zogadad xasiaTdebian imiT, rom Tavis<br />
arsebobis miznad maT dasaxuli aqvT ara komerciuli mogeba aramed raRac<br />
xsva. Tumca es `raRac sxva~ SeiZleba gulisxmobdes uamrav miznebs,<br />
sruliad gansxvavebul iniciativebs da qmedebebs. arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi Sedgeba rogorc mcire sainiciativo jgufebisagan, romlebic<br />
SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos garemos dacvis an adamianis uflebebis<br />
darRvevebis konkretul sakiTxebTan, aseve saganmanaTleblo saqvelmoqmedo<br />
organizaciebisagan ganaTlebis sferoSi, qalTa TavSesafrebi, kulturuli<br />
asociaciebi, religiuri organizaciebi, iuridiuli fondebi, humanitaruli<br />
daxmarebis programebi – am siis gagrZeleba kidev SeiZleba – uzarmazari<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis CamoTvliT Tavis asobiT da aTasobiT<br />
filialebiT an wevrebiT msoflios sxvadasxva nawilSi.<br />
am nawilSi Cven mokled ganvixilavT am organizaciebis mier<br />
Sesrulebul mniSvnelovan rols, rac dResac grZeldeba msoflioSi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT. konkretuli moqalaqeebis<br />
Rirsebis dacvis sxvadasxva mcdelobebis TiTqmis yvela etapze, rodesac maT<br />
safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifo Zalaufleba, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi<br />
asruleben gadamwyvet rols:<br />
� ibrZvian adamianis uflebaTa konkretuli darRvevebis winaaRmdeg<br />
� sTavazoben uSualo daxmarebas maT, visi uflebebic dairRva<br />
� lobirebas uweven erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis<br />
cvlilebebs.<br />
� xels uwyoben am kanonebis Sinaarsobriv daxevwas<br />
� amkvidreben adamianis uflebaTa mimarT pativiscemas mosaxleobaSi.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis wvlili mniSvnelovania ara mxolod<br />
miRweuli Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT da Sesabamisad im optimizmis gamo,<br />
romelic adamianebs gauCndaT mTel msoflioSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis<br />
safuZvelze, aramed imis gamoc, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi<br />
pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT warmoadgenen instruments, romlis gamoyenebac<br />
SeuZliaT individebs mTel msoflioSi. isini imarTebian da koordinirebuli<br />
arian – iseve rogorc bevri sxva organizaciebi – kerZo pirebis mier,<br />
magram maTi Zala aseve ganpirobebulia sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis mier<br />
392 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gamovlenili mxardaWeriT maTi saqmianobisadmi. es faqti aniWebs maT udides<br />
mniSvnelobas im pirebisaTvis, romlebsac surT wvlili Seitanon<br />
msoflioSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis gaumjobesebis saqmeSi.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis tipebi<br />
1993 wlis gaeros konferencias adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, romelic<br />
cnobilia rogorc venis konferencia, 841 arasamTavrobo organizacia<br />
daeswro mTeli msofliodan, romelTagan yvela acxadebda, rom muSaobs<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi. ricxvi TavisTavad STambeWdavia, Tumca is<br />
mTel msoflioSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moRvawe arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis sruli raodenobis mxolod mcire nawils asaxavda.<br />
yvelaze aSkarad gamoxatuli “adamianis uflebaTa organizaciebi”<br />
ixrebian samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis dacvisaken. maTgan yvelaze<br />
cnobili, yovel SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso arenaze, albaT Human Right<br />
Watch da saerTaSoriso amnistiaa, romelTagan orive mTeli msoflios<br />
masStabiT funqcionirebs. Tumca rogorc ukve vnaxeT samoqalaqo da<br />
politikuri uflebebi mxolod erT-erTi kategoriaa saerTaSoriso<br />
sazogadoebriobis mier aRiarebuli sxvadasxva adamianis uflebebs Soris,<br />
xolo axali uflebebis aRiareba dRemde kvlav grZeldeba. Tu am yvelafers<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT da aRniSnul siaSi CavrTavT arasamTavrobo organizaciebs,<br />
romlebic ibrZvian siRaribis, Zaladobis, rasizmis, janmrTelobis<br />
problemebis, usaxlkarobis, da ekologiuri problemebis winaaRmdeg, meti<br />
rom aRar CamovTvaloT, adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ama Tu im formiT<br />
CarTuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raodenoba asebs da aTasebs<br />
miaRwevs mTeli msoflios masStabiT.<br />
2001 wlis generalur asambleaze saerTaSoriso amnistiam moaxdina<br />
misi mandatis reformireba masSi ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebis da<br />
ganviTarebis uflebis Sesatanad, Tavis miznebsa da zrunvis sferoSi maTi<br />
CarTvis mizniT.<br />
? iciT romelime arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic ibrZvis<br />
Tqven qveyanaSi adamianis uflebebisaTvis?<br />
rogor axdenen isini zegavlenas procesebze?<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebma SeiZleba scadon sxvadasxva etapze an<br />
doneze adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi CarTva da maT mier<br />
gamoyenebuli strategiebi gansxvavebuli iqneba maTi miznebis xasiaTidan<br />
gamomdinare – maTi specifiurobis an zogadi xasiaTis mixedviT. isini<br />
SeiZleba iyos ufro zogadi an ufro konkretuli, moklevadiani an<br />
grZelvadiani, adgilobrivi, erovnuli an saerTaSoriso masStabis da a.S..<br />
a. pirdapiri daxmareba<br />
pirdapiri daxmarebis SeTavazeba adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis<br />
msxverplTaTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia socialur da ekonomikur<br />
uflebebis sferoSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebisaTvis. aseTi<br />
daxmareba SeiZleba moicavdes humanitaruli daxmarebis sxvadasxva tipebs,<br />
axali unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis mizniT treiningebis Catarebas.<br />
alternatiuli varianti aris iuridiuli daxmarebis aRmoCena an<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“RmerTi gvaZlevs<br />
xelebs, magram Cvens<br />
magivrad is ar aaSenebs<br />
xidebs”<br />
arabuli andaza<br />
393
“SeiZleba saxaliso iyos<br />
miwero xalxs romlebic<br />
xelmZRvaneloben<br />
avtoritarul an<br />
represiul reJimebs,<br />
awarmoo miwer-mowera<br />
diqtatorTan da ubralod<br />
guli Seuwuxo mas am<br />
werilebis weriT”<br />
stingi<br />
konsultaciis gaweva pretenziis wardgenis Sesaxeb iq sadac ufleba<br />
kanoniT aris daculi.<br />
Tumca bevr SemTxvevebSi pirdapiri daxmareba Zaladobis<br />
msxverplisaTvis an ar aris SesaZlebeli an ar warmoadgens organizaciis<br />
resursebis gamoyenebis saukeTeso gzas. aseT SemTxvevebSi da es albaT<br />
SemTxvevaTa umravlesobaa, arasamTavrobo organizaciebma farTod unda<br />
ganixilon problema da ifiqron Zaladobis gamosworebis sxva gzebze an<br />
sxva msgavis darRvevebis profilaqtikisaTvis momavalSi.<br />
b. zusti informaciis Segroveba<br />
Tuki arsebobs fundamenturi strategia, romelic safuZvlad udevs<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqtivizms es albaT aris usamarTlobis<br />
CamdenTa gamoaSkaravebis mcdeloba. mTavrobebi xSirad gaurbian<br />
valdebulebebs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT, radganac maTi politikis<br />
gavlena ubralod cnobili ar aris farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. am<br />
informaciis mopoveba da misi gamoyeneba mTavrobebis “saaSkaraoze<br />
gamotanis” mizniT ZiriTadi elementia maTi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis<br />
dayenebisaTvis da is xSirad gamoiyeneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
mier. isini cdiloben zewola moaxdinon xalxze an mTavrobaze im mizezis<br />
gamoaSkaravebis saSualebiT, romelic gamoiwvevs adamianebSi samarTlianobis<br />
SegrZnebas da aqcevs mas sajaro ganxilvis sagnad.<br />
ori yvelaze cnobili magaliTi im organizaciebisa, romlebmac saxeli<br />
gaiTqves TavianTi obieqturi monitoringiT da moxsenebebiT aris<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistia (ix. gv XX damatebiTi informaciisaTvis) da<br />
wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti. orive organizacia sargeblobs<br />
maRali avtoritetiT ara mxolod farTo sazogadoebriobis TvalSi, aramed<br />
gaeros donezec, sadac maT moxsenebebs iTvaliswineben im mTavrobebze<br />
monitoringis ganxorcielebis oficialuri procesis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
romlebmac Tanxmoba ganacxades yofiliyvnen saerTaSoriso<br />
xelSekrulebebis subieqtebi.<br />
g. kampaniis da lobirebis warmoeba<br />
lobireba aris zogadi termini, romelic aRniSnavs erovnul an<br />
saerTaSoriso subieqtebze zewolis ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva gzebs raTa<br />
moxdes politikis cvlileba. aqac arsebobs uamravi formebi da<br />
konkretuli arasamTavrobo organizacia Seecdeba SearCios yvelaze<br />
Sesaferisi dasaxuli miznebis, misi “samizne” obieqtis bunebis da ra Tqma<br />
unda mis xelT arsebuli resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT. zogierTi<br />
gavrcelebuli forma aRwerilia qvemoT:<br />
� werilis miweris kampania aris meTodi, romelsac Zalian efeqturad<br />
iyenebs saerTaSoriso amnistia da sxva arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi. xalxi da organizaciebi “bombaven” samTavrobo<br />
oficialur pirebs mTel msoflioSi arsebuli maTi aTasobiT<br />
wevris mier miwerili werilebiT.<br />
� quCis aqciebi an demonstraciebi da Cveulebriv maT mimarT<br />
gamoCenili mediis daintereseba, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rodesac<br />
organizaciebs surT sazogadoebis mxardaWeris mopoveba an<br />
394 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
“me ara var<br />
li pirovneba.<br />
eri qali Cems<br />
es gaakeTebda.<br />
nob... me raRac<br />
awyisis winaSe<br />
TisaTvis didi<br />
winaSe, axali<br />
lebis winaSe.<br />
a laparakobs<br />
aladobaze. da<br />
idevac akeTebs<br />
aRacas amasTan<br />
sazogadoebis TvalTaxedvis areSi raimes gamotana mTavrobis<br />
“Sercxvenis” mizniT.<br />
� media xSirad asrulebs mniSvnelovan rols lobirebaSi da axla<br />
ukve mniSvnelovnad izrdeba internetis roli.<br />
� mxardamWeri demonstraciebis an saxalxo mRelvarebis garda<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi SeiZleba CaerTon pirad SexvedrebSi<br />
an oficialuri pirebis brifingebSi. zogjer ubralo muqara, rom<br />
sakiTxi gamotanili iqneba sazogadoebis samsjavroze SeiZleba<br />
sakmarisi iyos politikis Sesacvlelad rogorc es moxda qvemoT<br />
moyvanil ambavSi.<br />
zogadad, rac ufro metia sazogadoebis an sxva gavleniani subieqtebis<br />
mxardaWera (mag sxva qveynis mTavrobebi) ufro metia albaToba, rom kampania<br />
miaRwevs Tavis mizans. maSinac ki rodesac isini pirdapir ar iyeneben am<br />
mxardaWeras arasamTavrobo organizaciebs ubralod miTiTebiT, rom<br />
SesaZlebelia didi saxalxo moZraobis mobilizeba mTavrobis winaaRmdeg<br />
SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon maTi mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba.<br />
? yofila Tqvens qveyanaSi farTomasStabiani kampaniebi? ra iyo<br />
Sedegi?<br />
d. Sorsmimavali ganaTleba.<br />
bevri adamianis uflebaTa damcveli arasamTavrobo organizacia aseve<br />
eweva saganmanaTleblo an sainformacio saqmianobas, rogorc maTi sruli<br />
moRvaweobis erT-erT mcire nawils. imis gaazreba, rom maTi mxardaWeris<br />
arsi devs farTo sazogadoebis mxardaWeraSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi<br />
xSirad cdiloben gaavrcelon codna adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris. am sakiTxebis da maTi dacvis meTodebis ufro<br />
Rrmad codna uzunvelyofs maT dacvas da es Tavis mxriv zrdis konkretul<br />
SemTxvevaSi mxardaWeris mobilizebis albaTobas adamianis uflebaTa<br />
darRvevis winaaRmdeg. es zustad is mxardaWera an potenciuri mxardaWeraa,<br />
romelic safuZvlad udevs arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmatebas adamianis<br />
uflebaTa gaumjobesebis sferoSi.<br />
warmatebul aqciaTa magaliTebi<br />
ojaxuri Zaladoba ruseTSi<br />
arsebobs sxvadasxva monacemebi ruseTSi ojaxuri Zaladobis donis<br />
SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, magram zogierTi monacemis mixedviT im ojaxebis<br />
ricxvi, romlebsac gamocdili aqvT Zaladobis es forma meryeobs 30-40%-s<br />
Soris. 1995 wels pekinis qalTa konferenciis Semdeg gamoqveynda pirveli<br />
sando statistikuri monacemebi, romlis mixedviTac yovelwliurad 14500<br />
qals klaven maTi qmrebi, da daaxloebiT 5000 xvdeba saavadmyofoSi. saWiro<br />
aRmoCnda didi Zalisxmeva raTa ubralod momxdariyo am problemis aRiareba<br />
ruseTSi magram warmatebis udidesi nawili aris arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis muSaobis Sedegi, romelsac ANNA-s uwodeben, da romelic<br />
aris ruseTis qalTa krizis-centris asociaciis damfuZnebeli wevri.<br />
organizacia daarsa qalTa uflebebis wamyvanma aqtivistma marina<br />
pisklakovam. 1993 wlis ivlisSi is marto muSaobda da “cxeli xazis”<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sferoSi ganaTleba aris<br />
cxovrebis stili. Cven amas<br />
vakeTebT bolo ramodenime<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi da arc<br />
vicodiT, rom yvela Cveni<br />
saqmianoba ukavSirdeboda<br />
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
ganaTlebas.<br />
aleqsandra vidanoviCi,<br />
Open Club Nis ,<br />
iugoslaviis federaluri<br />
respublika, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
ganaTlebis forumis<br />
monawile.<br />
“me ar SemeZlo meTqva<br />
“ara”; iq imdeni qali iyo”.<br />
marina pisklakova<br />
395
“qimiuri industriis<br />
toqsikuri memkvidreoba ar<br />
unda gaxdes tvirTi<br />
momavali TaobebisaTvis”<br />
stefan veberi, mwvaneTa<br />
moZraobis wevri<br />
saSualebiT exmareboda uimedo situaciaSi myof qalebs da Semdeg ganavrco<br />
muSaoba da daarsa qveyanaSi pirveli qalTa krizis centri. is lobirebas<br />
uwevda Zaladobis winaaRmdeg kanons da muSaobda mtrulad ganwyobil<br />
Zalovan organoebTan raTa daxmareba aRmoeCina msxverplTaTvis, aRmoeCina<br />
maTTvis daxmareba da aRZruli yofiliyo sisxlis samarTlis saqme<br />
damnaSaveTa winaaRmdeg. man daiwyo media kampania qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
Zaladobis gamosaaSkaraveblad da qalebisaTvis maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
codnis misawodeblad. axla is regularulad gamodis radioTi da<br />
televiziiT da amkvidrebs qalTa uflebebis pativiscemas.<br />
organizaciam miaRwia ojaxuri Zaladobis terminis gafarToebas masSi<br />
qmris mier gaupatiurebis, meuRlis an partnioris mier seqsualuri<br />
Zaladobis, fsiqologiuri Zaladobis, izolaciisa da ekonomikuri<br />
morCilebis CarTviT. 1994 wlis zafxulisTvis maTTan ukve gavlili hqonda<br />
triningebi qalebis pirvel jgufs, romlebsac unda gaewiaT konsultaciebi<br />
telefonis saSualebiT, xolo 1995 wels muSaoba daiwyo ruseTis sxva<br />
qalaqebSi adgilobrivi qalTa jgufebTan, romlebsac surdaT cxeli xazebis<br />
an krizis-centrebis daarseba. ANNA xels uwyobda fsiqologiuri da<br />
iuridiuli daxmarebis programebis SemuSavebas saojaxo Zaladobis<br />
msxverplTaTvis da 1997 wlis aprilSi organizaciaSi momuSave iuristebma<br />
pirvelad aRZres saqme sasamarTloSi saojaxo ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
da procesi moiges, ramac iuridiuli precedenti Seqmna mTel ruseTSi.<br />
axali aTaswleulis dasawyisisaTvis maT ukve daarsebuli hqondaT 40-ze<br />
meti qalTa krizis-centri mTeli ruseTis masStabiT. organizaciis<br />
vebgverdia: www.owl.ru/anna<br />
ekologiuri safrTxeebi SveicariaSi<br />
1961 da 1976 wlebs Soris ramodenime qimiurma gigantma 114000 tonaze<br />
meti toqsikuri industriuli narCenebi Cacales Tixis yofil karierSi<br />
bonfolSi, bazelTan axlos SveicariaSi. Tumca dRes ukve arakanonieri<br />
iqneboda narCenebis Cacla, 1961 wels karieris avsebis dawyebis momnetSi<br />
kanoni ar krZalavda amgvar nagavsayrelebs. toqsikuri narCenebi adgilze<br />
darCa da abinZurebda garemomcvel ubnebs organuli da araorganuli<br />
nivTierebebiT.<br />
2000 wlis 14 maiss daaxloebiT 100 mwvaneTa moZraobis wevrma daikava<br />
bonfolis qimiuri nagavsayreli bazelis maxloblad, SveicariaSi da<br />
moiTxovdnen qimiuri kompaniebisagan rom gaewmindaT garemo toqsikuri<br />
narCenebisagan. aqtivistebma ganacxades rom isini ar datovebdnen maT mier<br />
dakavebul adgils vidre qimiuri kompaniebi ar gawmendden teritorias ise,<br />
rom safrTxe aRar Seqmnoda adamianebis janmrTelobas da garemos.<br />
nagavsayrelis teritoriis dakavebam aiZula qimiuri industria<br />
Sexvedrodnen sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs da mwvaneTa moZarobis wevrebs<br />
da Sedegad xeli moawera SeTanxmebas dasufTavebis pirobebis Seswavlis<br />
Sesaxeb 2001 wlis TebervlisaTvis da dasufTavebis procesis dawyebis<br />
Sesaxeb amave wlisaTvis. industria aseve daTanxmda CaerTo adgilobrivi<br />
sazogadoebrioba da garemos damcvelebi srulad dasufTavebis saqmeSi da<br />
informacia miewodebina sazogadoebisaTvis miwis wylebis da sasmeli<br />
wylis dabinZurebis Sesaxeb, romelic gamoiwvianagavsayrelis arsebobam.<br />
396 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
mxolod 2001 wlis 7 ivliss mwvaneTa moZraobam gaaTavisufla dakavebuli<br />
adgili. ix. mwvaneTa moZraobis vebgverdi: www.greenpeace.org.<br />
gaakeTe Sejameba<br />
Development Initiatives for Social and Human Action (DISHA)<br />
socialuri da humanuri moqmedebis iniciativis ganviTareba<br />
DISHA daarsda 1990-iani wlebis dasawyiSi indoeTis Stat gujaratSi,<br />
raTa daecva daaxloebiT 80000 adgilobrivi mcxovreblis ufleba, radganac<br />
tye maTTvis arsebobis ZiriTadi saSualeba iyo. is iyenebda informaciis<br />
miRebis uflebas raTa gaeanalizebina biujetebi da xarisxi romliTac<br />
gamoyofili Tanxebi Seesabameba sajaro gancxadebebs siRaribis SemcirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
organizaciam daiwyo satyeo nawilebSi momuSave xalxisTvis minimaluri<br />
xelfasis daniSvnis sakiTxiT. DISHA–s direqtorma ase ganmarta<br />
organizaciis midgoma: “rogorc am samuSaos nawili Cven daviwyeT Seswavla<br />
Tu ratom ar ganviTarda es raioni da ratom ar Seiqmna samuSao adgilebi.<br />
Cven vnaxeT ra Tanxebi iyo saxelmwifos mier daxarjuli da ase daiwyo<br />
Cvens mier saxelmwifo biujetis monitoringi”.<br />
1994 wels DISHA–s wevrebma gadawyvites gaevrcelebinaT maT mier<br />
gakeTebuli analizi yvela parlamentSi, presaSi da wamyvani moqalaqeebis<br />
wreebSi. aman ganapiroba informaciis farTod gamoyeneba da ganxilva.<br />
organizaciis mier muSaobis dawyebis Semdeg adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis gamoyofili sabiujeto Tanxebi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda:<br />
Tavidan is iyo 12% magram axla ukve 18%-s Seadgens. ramdenadac maTi<br />
kvleva aseTi soliduri iyo DISHA–m swrafad moipova pativiscema rogorc<br />
organizaciam “romelic ara marto gahyviris lozungebs da awyobs<br />
gamosvlebs, aramed warmoadgens Zalian myar argumentebs faqtebis da<br />
cifrebis safuZvelze. axla ukve xalxi mogvmarTavs Cven biujetis Sesaxeb<br />
informaciis misaRebad – Cven varT erTaderTi organizacia qveyanaSi,<br />
romelic anlizs da Sefasebas ukeTebs biujets”.<br />
brZola almasebisaTvis<br />
britanuli organizacia “Global Witness” muSaobs ekologiuri<br />
eqsploataciasa da adamianis uflebaTa Soris kavSirebis gamoaSkaravebaze.<br />
es aris garemos damcvelTa jgufi londonSi, romelmac daiwyo muSaoba<br />
1993 w. daqiravebul oTaxSi, romelSic mxolod erTi nagavsayrelze<br />
napovni kompiuteri hqondaT.<br />
dReisaTvis organizacia kvlav mcirea da mxolod 9 TanamSromlisagan<br />
Sedgeba magram misi damaarseblebi Carmen guCi, saimon teilori da patrik<br />
eli 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi eweodnen kampanias almasis industriis<br />
winaaRmdeg.<br />
am drois ganmavlobaSi Global Witness-ma SeZlo gamoevlina ueWveli<br />
kavSiri almasebiT aralegalur vaWrobasa da sisxlian afrikul omebs<br />
Soris. man Seagrova dasabuTeba raTa daerwmunebina mTavrobebi, gaero da<br />
sazogadoeba, rom aralegalurad mopovebuli almasebi afrikis saomar<br />
zonebSi gamoyenebuli iyo konfliqtebis dafinansebisaTvis, romelSic<br />
bavSvebi kargaven kidurebs da aTasobiT adamiani iRupeba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“pirobebi ubralod monuri<br />
iyo. ar arsebobda<br />
admianuri Rirseba an<br />
kanonis dacva”<br />
m.d. mistri, DISHA -s<br />
direqtori<br />
“kampaniis mwarmoeblebi<br />
iSviaTad aRweven msgavs<br />
warmatebas aseT mokle<br />
droSi”<br />
gazeTi Indipendent<br />
397
organizacia mTeli ZaliT ibrZoda raTa “gons mogebuliyvnen~<br />
gadawyvetilebis mimRebni, da qmnida kavSirebs sxva arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan, romlebic muSaobdnen angolaSi, Semoikriba gavleniani<br />
politikuri mxardamWerebi rogoricaa kanadis elCi robert fouleri<br />
gaeros angolis sanqciebis komitetis Tavmjdomare. Sedegad es iqca<br />
saerTaSoriso kampaniad, romelsac Seswevda Zala SewinaaRmdegeboda<br />
globalur bizness.<br />
rodesac kanadis elCma gaeroSi robert foulerma msoflios<br />
briliantis kongresze antverpenSi Tavis gamosvlaSi gaakeTa gafrTxileba<br />
boikotis Sesaxeb, almasebis industria ukiduresad SeSfoTda. 2000 wlis<br />
ivlisSi almasebis globaluri inustria yovelwliurad 7 miliardi aSS<br />
dolaris brunviT, rogorc Cans darwmunda rom ufskrulis piras iyo,<br />
danebdnen kampaniis mwarmoebelTa moTxovnebs briliantebiT vaWrobis<br />
sferoSi fundamenturi cvlilebebis gatarebis Sesaxeb.<br />
ix. maTi veb-gverdi: http://www.globalwitness.org.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
Risse T., Ropp S., Sikkink K., The Power of Human rights, Cambridge University Press, 1999<br />
Forsthe, D., Human rights in Internationak relations, Cambridge University Press, 2000, www.speaktruth.org<br />
Hijab, Nadia, Human Rights and Human Development: learning from Those Who Act, HDRO Background paper,<br />
2000<br />
398 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
kiTxvebi da pasuxebi<br />
? ra aris adamianis uflebebi?<br />
adamianis uflebebi aris moraluri uflebamosileba, romelic<br />
msoflios yvela individs gaaCnia ubralod im faqtis gamo, rom is aris<br />
adamiani. Cveni uflebebis moTxovnis dros Cven mivmarTavT sakuTar<br />
mTavrobas moraluri poziciidan: Tqven ar gaqvT amis gakeTebis ufleba,<br />
radganac es aris Cemi moraluri sferos da Rirsebis xelyofa. aravis –<br />
arc erT pirovnebas, arc erT mTavrobas ar SeuZlia CvenTvis adamianis<br />
uflebebis warTmeva.<br />
? saidan modis es uflebebi?<br />
isini saTaves iReben im faqtidan, rom Cven varT ara mxolod fizikuri<br />
pirebi aramed moraluri da sulieri arsebebi. adamianis uflebebi saWiroa,<br />
raTa daculi iyos yvela pirovnebis arsi, TiToeuli maTgani<br />
uzrunvelyofili iyos Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebiT, cxovreba, romelic<br />
adamianma daimsaxura.<br />
? ratom unda sces yvelam pativi am uflebebs?<br />
ZiriTadad imitom, rom yvela aris adamiani da maSasadame aris<br />
zneobrivi arseba. adamianebis umravlesoba Tuki mivuTiTebT, rom isini<br />
xelyofen vinmes pirad Rirsebas, isini Seecdebian Tavi Seikavon amisgan.<br />
zogadad adamianebs ar undaT raime dausaon sxvebs. Tumca pirovnebis<br />
sindisis mier dawesebuli moraluri sanqciebis garda msoflios bevr<br />
qveyanaSi arsebobs kanonmdebloba, romelic avaldebulebs mTavrobebs pativi<br />
scen sxva moqalaqeebis ZiriTad adamianis uflebebs maSinac ki rodesac maT<br />
amis survili ara aqvT.<br />
? vin flobs adamianis uflebebs?<br />
absoluturad yvela. kriminalebi, saxelmwifos meTaurebi, bavSvebi,<br />
kacebi, qalebi, afrikelebi, amerikelebi, evropelebi, ltolvilebi,<br />
umuSevrebi, dasaqmebulebi, bankirebi, qvelmoqmedebi, maswavleblebi,<br />
mocekvaveebi, astronavtebi...<br />
? kriminalebi da saxelmwifos meTaurebic ki?<br />
absoluturad yvela. kriminalebi da saxelmwifos meTaurebic adamianebi<br />
arian. adamianis uflebebis Zala devs zustad im faqtSi, rom adamianuri<br />
Rirsebis flobis TvalsazrisiT isini yvelasaTvis Tanabrad vrcledeba.<br />
zogi SeiZleba arRvevdes sxvebis uflebebs an safrTxes uqmnides<br />
sazogadoebas da Sesabamisad maTi uflebebi unda SeizRudos garkveuli<br />
saxiT raTa daculi iqnas sxvebis uflebebi, magram mxolod garkveuli<br />
sazRvrebis farglebSi. es sazRvrebi ganisazRvreba rogorc adamianuri<br />
Rirsebis arsebobis minimumi.<br />
? vin zrunavs adamianis uflebebze?<br />
Cven yvelam unda vizrunoT. arsebobs kanonmdebloba rogorc erovnul<br />
aseve saerTaSoriso doneze, romlebic awesebs SezRudvebs mTavrobebis<br />
qmedebebze maTi moqalaqeebis mimarT. magram Tu aravin miuTiTebs, rom maTi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
399
qmedebebi arRvevs saerTaSoriso normebs mTavrobebma SeiZleba dausjelad<br />
gaagrZelon maTi xelyofa. rogorc individebma, Cven ara mxolod pativi<br />
unda vceT sxvebis uflebebs Cven yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi aramed Tvalyuri<br />
unda vadevnoT rogorc sakuTar, aseve sxva mTavrobebs. damcavi sistemebi<br />
arsebobs yvela CvenganisaTvis Tu Cven gamoviyenebT maT.<br />
? rogor SemiZlia davicva Cemi uflebebi?<br />
scadeT daafiqsiroT da miaqcioT sxvebis yuradReba im faqts, rom isini<br />
irRveva. moiTxoveT Tqveni uflebebis dacva. miaxvedreT mowinaaRmdege mxare,<br />
rom Tqven iciT, rom mas ara aqvs ufleba ase mogeqceT. miuTiTeT adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis, adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb evropis<br />
konvenciis an sxva saerTaSoriso dokumenetebis Sesabamis muxlebze. Tu<br />
Tqvensave qveyanaSi arsebobs kanoni, aseve miuTiTeT maszec. uTxariT sxvebs<br />
amis Sesaxeb: acnobeT presas, miswereT Tqvens deputats parlamentSi da<br />
saxelmwifos meTaurs, miawodeT informacia nebismier arasamTavrobo<br />
organizacias, romelic CarTulia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi.<br />
hkiTxeT maT rCeva. gaesaubreT advokats, Tu amis SesaZlebloba geqnebaT.<br />
darwmundiT, rom Tqvenma mTavrobam icis ra zomebis miRebas apirebT.<br />
miaxvedreT isini, rom Tqven ar apirebT daTmobaze wasvlas. aCveneT maT is<br />
mxardaWera, romlis mopovebac SegiZliaT. saboloo jamSi, Tu yvelaferi es<br />
ar gaWris, SegiZliaT mimarToT sasamarTlos.<br />
? rogor unda mivmarToT evropis sasamarTlos?<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia<br />
Seicavs procedurebs individualuri sarCelebisaTvis da aseve erTi<br />
saxelmwifos mier meoris winaaRmdeg aRZruli sarCelebisaTvis. Tumca<br />
arsebobs Msaqmis warmoebaSi miRebis mkacri kriteriumebi, vidre saqmis<br />
ganxilva Sedgeba. magaliTad, evropis sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde<br />
Tqven unda daamtkicoT, rom Tqveni sarCelis ganxilva ukve ganxorcielda<br />
Tqveni qveynis sasamarTlos mier (uzenaesi sasamarTlos CaTvliT!). Tu<br />
gsurT scadoT da darwmunebuli xarT, rom akmayofilebT Sesabamis<br />
moTxovnebs, maSin SegiZliaT SeitanoT sarCeli da SeavsoT oficialuri<br />
forma (forma gaicema evropis sasamarTlos samdivnos mier). magram<br />
rekomendirebulia miiRoT iuridiuli konsultacia an arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis rCevebi am sferoSi, raTa darwmunebuli iyoT, rom Tqven<br />
saqmis mogebis realuri Sansi gaqvT. gaxsovdeT, rom es SeiZleba iyos<br />
rTuli da xangrZlivi procesi vidre saboloo ganaCeni iqneba gamotanili.<br />
? visgan unda davicva Cemi uflebebi?<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi CamoTvlili adamianis TiTqmis yvela<br />
ZiriTadi uflebis dacva unda mosTxovoT Tqven mTavrobebs an saxelmwifos<br />
oficialuri pirebs. adamianis uflebebi icaven Tqvens interesebs<br />
saxelmwifosagan, ase rom maTi dacva unda mosTxovoT saxelmwifos an mis<br />
warmomadgenlebs. Tu xedavT rom Tqveni uflebebi irRveva mag. Tqveni<br />
ufrosis an mezoblis mier Tqven ver mimarTavT adamianis uflebaTa<br />
saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobas, Tuki saqmeSi ar aris raime iseTi, rac Tqvens<br />
mTavrobas unda gaekeTebina Tqveni ufrosis an mezoblis amgvari qcevis<br />
aRmosafxvrelad.<br />
400 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
? aris vinme valdebuli daicvas Cemi uflebebi?<br />
diax. ufleba azrs moklebulia vinmes mxridan Sesabamisi<br />
pasuxismgeblobis an valdebulebis aRebis gareSe. yvela pirovnebas gaaCnia<br />
moraluri valdebuleba ar xelyos Tqveni Rirseba, magram Tqveni mTavroba,<br />
romelsac xeli aqvs mowerili saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebze Rebulobs ara<br />
mxolod zneboriv, aramed iuridiul pasuxismgeblobasac.<br />
? adamianis uflebebi problema mxolod arademokratiul<br />
qveynebSia?<br />
ar arsebobs msoflioSi romelime qveyana, romelsac ar gaaCnia adamianis<br />
uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi dResac ki. SeiZleba arsebobdes ufro xSiri<br />
darRvevebi zogierT qveyanaSi vidre sxvebSi an SeiZleba exebodes<br />
mosaxleobis ufro did nawils, magram nebismieri calkeuli darRveva aris<br />
problema, romelic ar unda xdebodes da romelsac unda mivxedoT.<br />
individi, romlis uflebebic irRveva romelime erT-erT demokratiul<br />
sistemaSi ver damSviddeba im faqtiT, rom zogadad mis qveyanaSi ukeTesi<br />
mdgomareobaa adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi vidre msoflios sxva<br />
qveynebSi.<br />
? SeimCneva progresi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis Semcirebis<br />
mxriv?<br />
arsebobs didi progresi - Tumca zogjer is hgavs wylis wveTs<br />
okeaneSi. gaixseneT monobis gauqmeba, qalebisaTvis xmis micemis ufleba,<br />
qveynebi, romlebmac gaauqmes sikvdiliT dasja, sindisis patimrebis<br />
gaTavisufleba saerTaSoriso zewolis Sedegad, aparteidis reJimis<br />
damxoba samxreT afrikaSi, saqmeebi, romlebic ganxilul iqna evropis<br />
sasamarTloSi da romlebic Seicvala maT Sedegad. gaixseneT faqti, rom<br />
saerTaSoriso kulturis etapobrivi cvlilebebi niSnavs rom yvelaze<br />
avtoritaruli reJimebic ki iZulebuli arian angariSi gauwion adamianis<br />
uflebebs, raTa miaRwion aRiarebas saerTaSoriso doneze. miRweulia<br />
bevri dadebiTi Sedegi gansakuTrebiT gasuli 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi, magram<br />
kidev bevri ram gasakeTebelia.<br />
CamWreli SekiTxvebi<br />
? rogor SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom adamianis uflebebi sayovelTaoa,<br />
rodesac mTel msoflioSi arsebobs xalxi romelTa uflebebic<br />
irRveva?<br />
da mainc am adamianebs aqvT uflebebi. faqti, rom maT amgvarad epyrobian<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba ara mxolod zneobriv normebs, aramed saerTaSorisod<br />
SeTanxmebul normebsac. maTi saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebi pasuxismgebelni<br />
arian saerTaSoriso samarTlis winaSe da zogierTi qveyana marTlac<br />
“isjeba” saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis mier sanqciebis an sxva samxedro<br />
saSualebebis gamoyenebis saxiT. Tumca aseTi procesebi xSirad TviTneburia<br />
da damokidebulia ufro metad sxva saxelmwifoebis interesebze vidre<br />
darRvevis xarisxze. jer kidev ar arsebobs mudmivmoqmedi saerTaSoriso<br />
sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo romlis winaSec warsdgebian da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
401
gasamarTldebian damnaSaveebi. Tumca erTi aseTi sasamarTlo ukve daarsebis<br />
stadiaSia da elodeba 60 qveynis mier saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis<br />
romis wesdebis ratifikacias. es iqneba mudmivmoqmedi sasamarTlo, romelic<br />
gaasamarTlebs genocidSi, omis danaSaulebebSi da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg<br />
Cadenil danaSaulSi braldebulebs. es mniSvnelovani nabijia imis<br />
aRiarebisaTvis, rom adamianis sayovelTao uflebebi saWiroebs<br />
ganmtikicebas, raTa moxdes maTi praqtikuli gamoyeneba.<br />
? ra azri aqvs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis<br />
arsebobas Tuki mas ara aqvs iuridiuli Zala?<br />
maSinac ki Tu (jer kidev) ar arsebobs saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo<br />
romelic gaasamarTlebs mTavrobebs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaraciis muxlebis Sesabamisad am dokumentis istoriuli mniSvneloba<br />
udidesia da is dResac agrZelebs funqcionirebas rogorc safuZveli,<br />
romlis fonzec mTavrobebi samarTldebian saerTaSoriso doneze. dRes<br />
mTavrobebma ician, rom Tu isini TviTneburad daarRveven am dokumentSi<br />
CamoTvlil uflebebs, maT emuqrebaT sxva mTavrobebis mier dagmobis<br />
saSiSroeba da zogierTi saxis sanqciebic ki. es procesi ar aris yovelTvis<br />
sruliad obieqturi (!) magram namdvilad aris saqmis dasawyisi. adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciam aseve Seqmna safuZveli TiTqmis yvela<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisaTvis, romlebic (met-naklebad) iuridiuli<br />
Zalis mqonea.<br />
? ra azris aqvs adamianis uflebebs CemTvis, rodesac Cemi<br />
mTavroba arRvevs ubralo xalxis uflebebs yoveldRiurad da ar<br />
adardebs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis azri<br />
isevdaisev, isini warmoadgens saqmis dasawyiss. es ukeTesia vidre maTi<br />
saerTod ararseboba da sworad SerCeul pirobebSi da midgomaSi isini<br />
SeZleben gavlena moaxdinon mTavrobaze da Secvalon misi zogierTi, Tu<br />
yvela ara, qmedeba. rodesac xelisuflebis mier Cadenili darRvevebi<br />
gansakuTrebiT mwvavea an gansakuTrebiT xSiri aseTi cvlilebebi zogjer<br />
ausrulebel ocnebas hgavs, magram istoriam aCvena, rom es SesaZlebelia.<br />
aseve dRes SesaZleblobebi ukeTesia vidre isini aqamde iyo. cvlilebis<br />
gatareba SeiZleba neli procesi iyos, magram faqti, rom individebs aqvT es<br />
uflebebi da rom maTi aRiareba TandaTan farTovdeba mTel msoflioSi – da<br />
rom Tundac mcire SeSfoTebis sagani mainc aris mTavrobebisaTvis –<br />
gvaZlevs mZlavr iaraRs da mniSvnelovan sastarto pozicias.<br />
? Tu me pativs vcem sxvebis uflebebs niSnavs es, rom maT unda<br />
mivce ufleba akeTon rac moesurvebaT?<br />
Tu maTi survili araa xelyon Tqveni an sxvebis uflebebi. magram<br />
SesaZloa dagWirdeT yuradRebis koncentracia raTa metismetad momTxovni<br />
ar iyoT da ar gadaaWarboT Tqveni uflebebis moTxovnis sakiTxSi: SesaZloa<br />
vinmes qceva mogeCvenoT gamaRizianeblad an arasworad, magram es ar NniSnavs<br />
Tqveni uflebebis ucilobel darRvevas. amdenad, Tu Tqven gsurT sxvebma<br />
mogcen ufleba moiqceT rogorc Tqven gindaT, Tqvenc aseve unda iyoT<br />
Semwynarebeli sxvaTa qcevis mimarT.<br />
402 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
? Cemi uflebebis dasacavad SemiZlia gavakeTo raime, sxebis<br />
winaaRmdeg Zaladobis gamoyenebis CaTvliT?<br />
ara. magram Tu es aris wminda Tavdacvis SemTxveva maSin Zalis<br />
gamoyeneba Tqvens mimarT arsebuli safrTxis winaaRmdeg SesaZloa dasaSvebi<br />
iyos. es ar aris dasaSvebi Tqvens winaaRmdeg Cadenili araswori qmedebis<br />
gamo “samagieros gadaxdis” mizniT, aramed mxolod sakuTari Tavis dacvis<br />
mizniT Semdgomi zianisagan. wameba arasodes ar daiSveba.<br />
? ratom unda vce pativi sxvebis uflebebs Tuki isini ar scemen<br />
pativs Cems uflebebs?<br />
nawilobriv imitom, rom Tu Tqven ar scemT pativs sxvebis uflebebs<br />
SeiZleba Tavadve SegxvdeT usiamovneba. nawilobriv imitom, rom isini<br />
imsaxureben pativiscemas im ubralo mizeziT, rom isini adamianebi arian;<br />
nawilobriv ki imitom, rom Tqven SegiZliaT misceT magaliTi sxvebs rac<br />
ufro zrdis imis Sanss, rom SemdgomSi isinic pativiscemiT moekidebian<br />
Tqvens uflebebs. Tumca saboloo jamSi es aris damokidebuli Tqvenze da<br />
imaze, Tu rogori tipis adamiani gindaT iyoT an rogori tipis msoflioSi<br />
gindaT icxovroT. ase rom SegiZliaT dafiqrdeT rogor dagaxasiaTebT<br />
Tqvenive saqcieli Tu imasve gaakeTebT rac sxvebSi ar mogwonT. an<br />
dafiqrdiT rogori iqneba msoflio Tu yvela daarRvevs admianis uflebebs<br />
`Tvali Tvalis wil~ principis Sesabamisad..<br />
? ratom unda CaiTvalos isini vinc yvelaze arahumanuri formiT<br />
arRvevs adamianis uflebebs adamianis uflebebis subieqtad?<br />
es albaT aris misaRebad adamianis uflebebis Teoriis yvelaze rTuli,<br />
magram amave dros yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili. zogjer SeiZleba<br />
gveCvenebodes, rom zogierTi adamiani imdenad moklebulia adamianur<br />
Tvisebebs rom mxolod brma rwmena Tu gvibiZgebs davarqvaT maT adamianebi.<br />
mniSvnelovani punqtebi albaT Semdegia:<br />
� pirveli, zogierTis moCvenebiTi araadamianurobis miuxedavad yvela<br />
individs gaaCnia raRac adamianuri. maT vinme mainc uyvarT:<br />
damnaSaveebs uyvarT TavianTi dedebi, Svilebi, qmrebi, da colebi.<br />
damnaSaveebi grZnoben tkivils, uaryofas, sasowarkveTas da<br />
eWvianoben maT surT iyvnen dafasebuli, miRebuli, mxadaWerili, da<br />
gagebuli. TiToeuli maTgani, flobs zogerT am emociebs, Tu maTi<br />
umetesoba ara. es maT aqcevs adamianad da Cveni pativiscemis<br />
Rirsad.<br />
� meore, Tu damnaSaveebs igive tkivils mivayenebT, rac maT miayenes<br />
sxvebs Cven arafers kargs ar gavakeTebT. aseTi grZnobebi Cven<br />
naklebad Rirseuls gvxdis pativiscemis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
� mesame, Tundac SemTxveviT damnaSave adamianis saxiT rom daibados,<br />
Tundac yvelanairi adamianuri Tvisebebis gareSe (magram jer aseTi<br />
ram ar momxdara) romel CvenTagans SeuZlia Tqvas sruli<br />
darwmunebiT, rom is ar aris adamiani? ra kriteriumebis mixedviT?<br />
albaT imis safuZvelze, rom maT ar SeuZliaT siyvaruli da ar<br />
arian siyvarulis sagani? magram ra moxdeba Tu aRmoCndeba rom<br />
Cveni azri mcdaria?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
403
mesame punqti gvaxsenebs, rom Cven unda gaviTvaliswinoT mTlianad<br />
kacobriobis winaSe arsebuli riski rodesac virCevT zogierT adamians<br />
sxvebis ganmsjelebad rodesac aseTi gansjis Sedegebi aris saSineli da<br />
gamousworebeli. namdvilad gvinda iseTi msoflio sadac aseTi gansja xdeba<br />
da sadac zogierTi adamiani ubralod ar iTvleba adamianad? zustad am<br />
tipis msoflios miviRebT, adamianis yvela uflebebis absoluturi<br />
universalobis gareSe.<br />
404 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Tavi 5<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
sazogado Temebis Sesaxeb
5 Tavis Sinaarsi<br />
bavSvebi ...................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
ganaTleba ..............................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
garemo pirobebi ...............................................................................................................................................................................<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba ...........................................................................................................................................................<br />
globalizacia ...................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
demokratia ...........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia ................................................................................................................................................<br />
media ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
moqalaqeoba .........................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
mSvidoba da Zaladoba ................................................................................................................................................................<br />
pirovnebis usafrTxoeba ...........................................................................................................................................................<br />
siRaribe .................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
socialuri uflebebi .................................................................................................................................................................<br />
sporti ....................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
janmrTeloba ......................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
SeniSvnebi ....................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
bavSvebi<br />
407<br />
414<br />
421<br />
426<br />
431<br />
436<br />
442<br />
460<br />
466<br />
471<br />
478<br />
484<br />
489<br />
495<br />
502<br />
508
dReisaTvis msoflioSi arsebobs daaxloebiT 2 miliardi bavSvi, 79<br />
milioni evrokavSirSi da 25 milioni im qveynebSi, romlebic iTvlebian<br />
evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidatebad.<br />
1989 gaerom miiRo bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, romelic<br />
ratificirebulia yvela qveynis mier aSS-s da somalis garda. es konvencia<br />
aris am sferoSi miRebuli pirveli savaldebulo saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumenti.<br />
ratomaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aseTi mniSvnelovani?<br />
konvenciam bevri ram Secvala bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis sferoSi.<br />
1. is aris msoflioSi yvelaze farTo maStabiT ratificirebuli<br />
adamianis uflebebis dokumenti.<br />
2. konvencia amkvidrebs `sami p-s~ princips. pirvel rigSi, igi xels<br />
uwyobs monawileobas bavSvebis asakis, da zrdasrulobis mixedviT –<br />
movlenebSi, romlebic gavlenas axdens maT bedze, rogoricaa<br />
iuridiuli procesebi an gaSvilebis procesebi, rac ukavsirdeba maT<br />
ojaxebsa da mTlianad sazogadoebas. is aseve amkvidrebs uflebebs<br />
maTi Zaladobis yvela formisagan, da iseTi qmedebebisagan<br />
dacvisaTvis, romelic arRvevs maT uflebebs. dabolos, sxva<br />
nebismieri konvenciis msgavsad is uzrunvelyofs uflebebs,<br />
romlebic icavs potenciuri Zaladobisagan.<br />
3. is bavSvebs ganixilavs kanonis subieqtad da ara obieqtad.<br />
tradiciulad mozrdilTa udidesi nawili darwmunebulia, rom<br />
bavSvebi unda ganixilon obieqtebad, romlebic upirobod unda<br />
daemorCilon ufrosebs – maswavleblebs, moZRvars, mSoblebs,<br />
eqimebs da a.S. amis nacvlad konvencia amkvidrebs ideas, rom bavSvebi<br />
arian adamianebi garkveuli uflebebiT, romlebsac pativi unda scen<br />
ufrosebma, sazogadoebam da yvela organizaciam, romlebic<br />
moRvaweoben bavSvebis sferoSi. bavSvebi maTi asakis miuxedavad<br />
uflebamosili arian pativi scen da moepyron Rirseulad ubralod<br />
imis gamo rom isini adamianebi arian.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“Tqveni Svilebi ar arian<br />
Tqveni Svilebi. isini<br />
ekuTvnian sicocxlis<br />
wyurvils, romelsac TviT<br />
sicocxle ganicdis. Tqven<br />
SegiZliaT daabinaoT maTi<br />
sxeulebi magram ara maTi<br />
sulebi radganac maTi<br />
sulebi xvalindeli dRis<br />
saxlSi cxovroben,<br />
romelsac Tqven ver<br />
ewveviT Tundac Tqven<br />
ocnebebSi”.<br />
kalil gilbrani<br />
Sesatyvisi savarjiSoebi<br />
� ra alternativebi<br />
gvaqvs?<br />
� Cveni momavlis<br />
varinatebi<br />
� inscenireba<br />
� aSikis istoria<br />
� `bingos~ uflebebi<br />
� bavSvTa uflebebi<br />
� dae, yvela xma<br />
iyos mosmenili<br />
407
avSvis monawileoba<br />
monawileoba aucilebelia<br />
gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
konvenciis praqtikaSi<br />
gatarebis mizniT;<br />
[is] aris gadamwyveti<br />
faqtori socialuri<br />
erTobis miRwevisa da<br />
demokratiul sistemaSi<br />
cxovrebisaTvis<br />
[is] aris saWiro procesi<br />
bavSvis ganviTarebaSi..”<br />
vin aris bavSvi?<br />
konvenciis 1 muxlis<br />
Tanaxmad “yvela adamiani 18<br />
wlis asakamde aris bavSvi<br />
Tu sxva, am bavSvis mimarT<br />
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT is<br />
ar iTvleba srulwlovnad<br />
ufro adreul asakSi.”<br />
es niSnavs, rom nebismieri<br />
pirovneba 18 wlis<br />
asakamde mozardebis<br />
CaTvliT daculia<br />
konvenciis mier.<br />
4. bavSvis interesebis dacva unda marTavdes bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT<br />
miRebul yvela gadawyvetilebas – iqneba es iuridiuli,<br />
administraciuli, da a.S. am koncefciis gansazRvra rTulia da misi<br />
zusti mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb arsebobs winaaRmdegobrivi midgomebi.<br />
praqtikaSi, es gulisxmobs, rom mag. mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos<br />
vis daekisros bavSvze meurveoba, maT unda Seiswavlon bavSvis<br />
cxovrebis da masTan dakavSirebuli ufrosebis ramodenime aspeqti.<br />
yvela SemTxvevaSi bavSvis interesebis dacva ufro mniSvnelovania,<br />
vidre am saqmesTan dakavSirebuli ufrosebis interesebis dacva.<br />
5. bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia sferoTa farTo speqtrs exeba –<br />
administraciuls, samarTlebrivs, saganmanaTleblos, iuridiuls da<br />
a.S. sadac bavSvis uflebebi daculi unda iyos. mag. bavSvi, romlis<br />
saTanado registraciac ar moxda dabadebisTanave kanonisaTvis ar<br />
arsebobs. maSasadame isini ar arsebobs arc skolis<br />
administraciisaTvis, romlebic uars amboben skolaSi mis<br />
moswavled Caricxvaze, Sedegad maT ar SeuZliaT skolaSi siaruli.<br />
es aris gavrcelebuli problema, romelic gavlenas axdens<br />
aTasobiT bavSvze bevr qveyanaSi. skolis administraciis mier bavSvis<br />
skolaSi Caricxvaze uaris Tqma imis gamo rom “isini ar arseboben<br />
administraciuli da samarTlebrivi” TvalsazrisiT aSkarad arRvevs<br />
bavSvis uflebas ganaTlebaze.<br />
konvencias praqtikuli gavlena hqonda bevr qveyanaSi, romlebsac bavSvis<br />
uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Sedegad daekisraT valdebuleba<br />
cvlilebebi Seitanon an/da reformireba moaxdinon arsebuli<br />
kanonmdeblobis nawilSi.<br />
? fiqrobT, rom bavSvebi yovelTvis upirobod unda daemorCilon<br />
ufrosebs maTTvisve sasikeTod?<br />
bavSvebis mdgomareoba: faqtebi da cifrebi<br />
Tumca konvencia bavSvebis sakeTildReod gadadgmuli uzarmazari<br />
nabijia, faqtebi mowmoben, rom bavSvTa uflebebi irRveva msoflios umetes<br />
regionebSi.<br />
bavSvebi evropaSi...<br />
� aRiniSneba trefikingis msxverpli bavSvebisa da qalebis ricxvis<br />
mkveTri zrda. gamoTvlebis mixedviT yovelwliurad daaxloebiT<br />
120000 qali da bavSvi iyideba dasavleT evropaSi centraluri da<br />
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebidan.<br />
� moxsenebebis mixedviT bulgareTSi prostitucia gaxda ZiriTadi<br />
Semosavlis wyaro 14-18 wlis gogonebis didi raodenobisaTvis,<br />
Zalian xSirad isini SeiZleba iyvnen organizebuli qselis nawili.<br />
aseve SemaSfoTebelia faqti, rom izrdeba axalgazrda mamakaciprostitutebis<br />
ricxvi.<br />
� estoneTSi prostitucia romelSic CarTuli arian arasrulwlovani<br />
gogonebi. aRiniSneba seqs-turizmis sazRvargareTuli bazris<br />
gafarToeba. latviaSi aseve dafiqsirebulia arasrulwlovani<br />
gogonebis prostituciis faqtebi (8 da 10 wlis asakSi).<br />
408 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
� kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom did britaneTSi arsebobs mravali aTasi<br />
quCis bavSvi ZiriTadad (Tumca ara eqskluziurad) did qalaqebSi.<br />
quCis bavSvebi Tanabradaa gayofili gogonebad da biWebad.<br />
gamoTvlebis mixedviT yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 40000 bavSvi<br />
garbis saxlidan.<br />
� safrangeTSi quCis bavSvebis fenomeni mniSvnelovan problemas<br />
warmoadgens 1980-iani wlebidan moyolebuli. zogierTi organo<br />
miiCnevs, rom SeiZleba arsebobdes 10000 quCis bavSvi Tumca sxva<br />
gamoTvlebis mixedviT es ricxvi gacilebiT dabalia.<br />
� zogadad, arsebobs usaxlkaro axalgazrdebis mzardi raodenoba,<br />
romlebic quCebSi cxovroben aRmosavelT da centralur evropaSi.<br />
mxolod buqarestSi daaxloebiT 1500 bavSvi da axalgazrda<br />
cxovrobs quCaSi.<br />
� poloneTSi da ungreTSi 15 wlamde bavSvebis mesamedze meti<br />
siRaribeSi cxovrobs. poloneTSi Catarebuli bolo kvlevis<br />
mixedviT (gaeros ganviTarebis programa, 1999) bavSvebis 60 %<br />
cudad ikvebeba, maTgan 10 % ki mudmivi SimSilobis zRvarzea.<br />
ruseTis federaciaSi 2 wlamde asakis bavSvTa zrdis SeCereba 1992<br />
welSi 9.4 %-dan gaizarda 15.2%-iT 1994 wels.<br />
bavSvTa siRaribis statistika evropaSi<br />
fineTi<br />
Svecia<br />
avstria<br />
dania<br />
bavSvebi msoflioSi<br />
belgia<br />
luqsemburgi<br />
holandia<br />
safrangeTi<br />
germania<br />
espaneTi<br />
� yovelwliurad 10 milioinze meti bavSvi 5 wlis asakis qvemoT<br />
iRupeba mizezebis gamo, romelTa Tavidan acilebac SesaZlebelia.<br />
� 100 milionze meti bavSvi jer kidev ar Rebulobs dawyebiT<br />
ganaTlebas, maTgan umravlesoba ki gogonebi arian.<br />
� daaxloebiT 300000 bavSvi CarTulia sabrZolo moqmedebebSi.<br />
� 149 milioni bavSvi cudad ikvebeba, maTgan ori mesamedi aziaze<br />
modis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
.<br />
irlandia<br />
italia<br />
didi britaneTi<br />
CeCneTi (1992)<br />
slovakeTi (1992)<br />
ungreTi (1994)<br />
poloneTi (1992)<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
4 ivnisi<br />
agresiis msxverpli<br />
udanaSaulo bavSvebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
12 agvisto<br />
axalgazrdobis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
20 noemberi<br />
bavSvTa sayovelTao dRe<br />
409
“suli ikurneba<br />
bavSvebTan yofniT”<br />
Teodor dostoevski<br />
� mxolod gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi daaxloebiT 31 milioni<br />
ltolvili da iZulebiT adgilnacvali piri, ZiriTadad qalebi da<br />
bavSvebi, CaTreuli iqna saomar konfliqtebSi da iZulebuli iyvnen<br />
daetovebinaT saxlebi da gamxdariyvnen ltolvilebi.<br />
bavSvebTan da mozardebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi<br />
evropaSi<br />
arsebobs bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli specifiuri sakiTxebi,<br />
romlebic gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria evropuli institutebis da aseve<br />
evropuli mTavrobebisaTvis. Sedegad, arsebobs aSkara neba im zomebis<br />
miRebisaTvis, romlebic mimarTulia bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevis<br />
fenomenisagan dacvisaTvis.<br />
evropaSi seqsualuri trefikingis, prostituciis da pornografiis<br />
zemoT moyvanili statistikis fonze evropis sabWom da misma wevrebma<br />
miiRes ramodenime rekomendacia, maT Soris:<br />
� rekomendacia 1065 (1987) bavSvTa trefikingis da bavSvebis<br />
eqsploataciis sxva formebis Sesaxeb<br />
� rekomendacia #R (91) 11 seqsualuri eqsploataciis, pornografiis,<br />
prostituciis, bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis trefikingis Sesaxeb<br />
� rezolucia 1099 (1996) bavSvTa seqsualuri eqsploataciis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb.<br />
rogorc ki es rekomendaciebi miiReba, saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian<br />
miiRon praqtikuli zomebi maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis. aseTi zomebis<br />
magaliTebia:<br />
1. belgiis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros iniciativiT 1992 wlis 23<br />
noembers JandarmeriaSi arsebul trefikingis winaaRmdeg centralur<br />
ofisSi daarsda specialuri bavSvebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg<br />
mebrZolTa ganyofileba. 1995 wlis 11 seqtembers iusticiis<br />
saministrom brZaneba gasca dakarguli bavSvebis ganyofilebis<br />
daarsebis Sesaxeb amave ofisis farglebSi. es ganyofileba<br />
pasuxismgebelia koordinaciisa da profesiuli mxardaWeris<br />
uzrunvelyofaze im SemTxvevebSi rodesac mcirewlovani bavSvebi<br />
saeWvo viTarebaSi ikargebian.<br />
2. luqsemburgSi policiis struqturaSi daarsda mcirewlovanTa<br />
dacvis specialuri ganyofileba. luqsemburgSi policiis<br />
ganyofilebebSi Seqmnilia mcirewlovanTa dacvis ganyofilebebi<br />
TavianTi samecniero-kvleviT qveganyofilebebSi. arsebobs cxeli<br />
satelefono xazi bavSvebisaTvis (kannerjugendtelefon).<br />
? ratom aris rTuli trefikingis am formis aRmofxvra?<br />
bavSvTa Sroma aris...<br />
... 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis mudmivi Sroma<br />
410 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
amiti bavSvebisaTvis<br />
... samuSao, romelic xels uSlis bavSvebs skolaSi siarulSi<br />
... samuSao, romelic saxifaToa bavSvebisaTvis da saziano maTi fizikuri, mentaluri da emociuri<br />
janmrTelobisaTvis.<br />
am praqtikis mizezebi zogjer Zalian rTulia da meryeobs erovnul-kulturuli tradiciebidan siRaribis<br />
situaciamde, rodesac mSoblebs da ojaxs WirdebaT bavSvis mier gamomuSavebuli xelfasi.<br />
Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT, imis garda, rom bavSvebs ara aqvT saTanado ganaTlebis miRebis saSualeba da xdeba<br />
maTi fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dabrkoleba, bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebas SeuZlia<br />
migviyvanos janmrTelobis mZime problemebadme rogoric aris: Zvlovan-kunTovani sistemis dazianeba,<br />
qimiuri intoqsikacia, Wriloba da sxeulis sxva dazianeba, respiratoruli daavadebebi, seriozuli<br />
damwvroba da a.S.<br />
bavSvebis mier damzadebuli produqciis magaliTebia xaliCebi, agurebi, asanTi, Saqari, tansacmeli,<br />
fexsacmeli, sigareti, feierverkebi, saxlebi da sxva nagebobebi, fanqrebi, tyavis nawarmi.<br />
bavSvebs, rogorc samuSao Zalas aseve iyeneben mosavlis aRebisas, qarxnul warmoebaSi, mZime<br />
sagnebis gadazidvisTvis, meTevzeobaSi da ZiriTadi saSinao momsaxurebis SesrulebisaTvis.<br />
interneti da pornografia<br />
bavSvebi SeiZleba dadgnen didi riskis winaSe, rodesac isini iyeneben<br />
internets. zogierTi am riskTagan aris arasaTanado masalis naxva<br />
(Zaladobis amsaxveli fotoebi, rasistuli da qsenofobiuri propaganda, da<br />
a.S.), aseve arsebobs saSiSroeba gaxdnen Seuracxyofis da pedofiluri<br />
qmedebebis msxverpli. arsebobs mzardi mtkicebulebebi, rom arsebobs<br />
bavSvTa pornografiis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvlis qselebi (saxelebi,<br />
fotoebi da a.S.). bolo wlebSi evropaSi da sxva kontinentebze<br />
dapatimrebul iqna adamianebi amgvari aralegaluri da amoraluri<br />
saqmianobisaTvis.<br />
pirebs, romlebic muSaoben bavSvebTan, rogoricaa socialuri muSakebi,<br />
maswavleblebi, fsiqologebi, da a.S. da aseve mSoblebs amgvar situaciebSi<br />
vTavazobT Semdegi zomebis miRebas:<br />
� individualuri zomebis miReba rogoricaa gacxadeba, Civili, an<br />
cbobebis Segroveba rodesac maTTvis cnobili gaxdeba bavSvis mimarT<br />
amgvari riskis arsebobis faqtebi an rodesac isini aRmoaCenen<br />
arakanonier an saSiS internet masalebs.<br />
� bavSvebis ganaTleba maTTvis informaciis miwodebis da maTTan am<br />
sakiTxebze msjelobis gziT.<br />
� mSoblebis ganaTleba, romlebmac unda gaacnobieron internetiT<br />
sargeblobis safrTxe da moipovon informacia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.<br />
s seqtemberSi msoflio samitma bavSvebisaTvis miiRo deklaracia bavSvTa gadarCenis, dacvis da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
411
ganviTarebis Sesaxeb da aseve miiRo deklaraciis ganxorcielebis moqmedebis gegma. daisaxa miznebis<br />
mTeli seria bavSvTa sikvdilianobis, cudi kvebis, dawyebiTi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, romlebic unda Sesrulebuliyo 2000 wlisaTvis.<br />
? arc erTi mizani ar aris miRweuli magram niSnavs es rom es samiti usargeblo iyo?<br />
evropaSi bavSvTa ombudsmenis<br />
evropuli qseli daarsda<br />
1997 wels. masSi Sedian<br />
warmomadgenlebi avstriidan,<br />
belgiidan, daniidan,<br />
fineTidan, safrangeTidan,<br />
ungreTidan, islandiidan,<br />
litvidan, yofili<br />
iugoslaviis makedoniis<br />
respublikidan, norvegiidan,<br />
portugaliidan, ruseTis<br />
federaciidan, espaneTidan,<br />
SvedeTidan da uelsidan.<br />
ruseTis Sromisa da<br />
socialuri ganviTarebis<br />
saministrom SeimuSava<br />
sacdeli proeqti, romlis<br />
mixedviTac bavSvTa<br />
warmomadgeneli dainiSna 5<br />
StatSi (oblast). yvela<br />
warmomadgeneli dainiSna<br />
gankargulebis safuZvelze<br />
da miniWebuli aqvT mandati<br />
bavSvebis uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebisa da maTi<br />
dacvisaTvis.<br />
bevri arasamTavrobo organizacia erTiandeba qselSi, romelic<br />
monitorings ukeTebs da afiqsirebs aralegaluri masalebis Semcvel<br />
internet gverdebs 4 .<br />
evropis sabWos konvencia kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb miRebul iqna 2001 w.<br />
8 noembers. ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg es konvencia iqneba pirveli<br />
saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba internetiT da sxva kompiuteruli qselebiT<br />
Cadenili danaSaulebis Sesaxeb, kerZod kompiuterTan da internetTan<br />
dakavSirebul danaSaulTan bavSvTa pornografiis CaTvliT. misi mTavari<br />
mizani aris saerTo kriminaluri politikis gatareba, romelic miznad<br />
isaxavs sazogadoebis dacvas kiberkriminalisagan gansakuTrebiT saTanado<br />
kanonmdeblobis Seqmnis da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gaZlierebis<br />
gziT. konvenciis muxli 9 eZRvneba internetis saSualebiT gavrcelebul<br />
pedofiliasTan da bavSvTa pornografiasTan brZolas.<br />
? SegviZlia miviRoT zomebi bavSvebis mier internetiT<br />
sargeblobis gasakontroleblad maTi uflebis Selaxvis gareSe<br />
sxvadasxvagvari informaciis da ideebis moZiebis, miRebis da<br />
gacemis Sesaxeb (muxli 13, bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia).<br />
bavSvTa ombudsmeni<br />
sityva “ombudsmeni” modis skandinaviuri sityvidan “ombud” rac niSnavs<br />
elCs, delegates an wargzavnils. is aRniSnavs pirovnebas, romelic<br />
ganixilavs garkveuli jgufisagan miRebul saCivrebs (am SemTxvevaSi<br />
bavSvebi), laparakobs am jgufis saxeliT da cdilobs gaaumjobesos<br />
pirobebi jgufis wevrebisaTvis iseve rogorc mTlianad jgufisaTvis.<br />
pirveli bavSvTa ombudsmeni dainiSna norvegiaSi 1981 wels. ombudsmeni<br />
aris damoukidebeli, ara-partiuli warmomadgeneli, spikeri, msaji, romelic<br />
amowmebs asruleben Tu ara saministroebi da sxvebi maTze dakisrebul<br />
movaleobebs da sTavazobs maT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis saWiro zomebs. ombudsmeni icavs patarebis saWiroebebs,<br />
uflebebs, da interesebs, muSaobs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gatarebaze<br />
da mxars uWers mis gavrcelebas. ombudsmeni uflebamosilia gamoiZios,<br />
kritikulad Seafasos da gamoaqveynos sakuTari mosazreba, magram ara aqvs<br />
ufleba Secvalos administraciuli qmedeba an gaauqmos administraciuli<br />
gadawyvetilebebi. ombucmeni samarTlebrivi pirebisagan, mSoblebisa da<br />
meurveebisagan damoukideblad ereva saqmeSi raTa warmoadginos bavSvis<br />
uflebebi yvela saxis samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi sadac<br />
bavSvebi pirdapir an arapirdapir arian CarTulni.<br />
zogierT qveyanaSi ombudsmeni pasuxismgebelia Sefasebis meTodebis<br />
miRebaze rogoricaa “bavSvze gavlenis Sefaseba” raTa ganisazRvros da<br />
Sefasdes bavSvebze sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo iniciativebis, procedurebis<br />
412 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
da sxva zomebis yvela SesaZlo Sedegi. Sveduri arasamTavrobo organizaciis<br />
`rada barnenis~ mixedviT ukve 20 qveyanas hyavs daniSnuli bavSvTa<br />
ombudsmeni.<br />
saerTaSoriso da regionaluri dokumentebi da bavSvebi<br />
1. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w.<br />
2. saerTaSoriso deklaracia bavSvTa gadarCenis, dacvis da ganviTarebisaTvis 1990w.<br />
3. bavSvTa gadarCenis, dacvis da ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso deklaraciis ganxorcielebis moqmedebis gegma<br />
1990w.<br />
4. saparlamento asambleis rekomendacia 1460 (2000) bavSvTa ombudsmenis institutis daarsebis Sesaxeb,<br />
evropis sabWo, strasburgi, 2001.<br />
5. evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis rekomendacia 1286 (1996), bavSvTa interesebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebisaTvis evropuli strategiis Sesaxeb<br />
6. bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis evropuli konvencia, evropis sabWo, strasburgi 1996w.<br />
wyaroebi<br />
Asquith S, Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Delinquency in Central and Eastern Europe – A Review – Centre for the Child<br />
and Society, University of Glasgow. http://eurochild.gla.ac.uk/library/CoELibrary.htm<br />
kvleviTi jgufis saangariSo moxseneba upatrono bavSvTa Sesaxeb, evrosabWo, strasburgi, 1994w. aprili<br />
Flekkoy, M., A Voice for Children – Speaking as their Ombudsman, UNICEF, 1991<br />
globaluri moZraoba bavSvebisaTvis www.gmfc.org<br />
Human Rights Education Newsletter, # 29, Centre for Global Education, University of York, UK, 2001<br />
Setting up a European Ombudsman for Children, doc. 8552, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, 1999<br />
The State of the World’s Children 2000, UNICEF<br />
“Trafficking in women, a comprehensive Eurpean stratagy” , information sheets, European Commission<br />
ganaTleba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
413
“ganaTleba aris ara ubralod<br />
fulis gamomuSavebis wyaro an<br />
instrumenti simdidris<br />
mosaxveWad. is aris sulier<br />
cxovrebaSi wvdoma, adamianis<br />
sulis aRzrda simarTlis<br />
ZiebaSi da sikeTis keTebaSi”<br />
vijaia lakSmi panditi<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba rogorc adamianis erT-erTi ufleba<br />
evropis adamianis uflebebis sasamarTlos erT-erT saqmeSi ganaTlebis<br />
ufleba gansazRvruli iyo rogorc “mocemul droSi arsebuli<br />
saganmanaTleblo institutebSi Sesvlis da miRebuli ganaTlebiT<br />
sargeblobis ufleba, rac niSnavs miRebuli ganaTlebis oficialuri<br />
aRiarebis mopovebas” 16 .<br />
“... aris rogorc adamianis ufleba, aseve sxva uflebebis gaazrebis ganuyofeli nawili. ganaTleba aris ufleba,<br />
romelic gvaZlevs damatebiT SesaZleblobebs da umTavresi instrumenti, romlis saSualebiTac ekonomiurad da<br />
socialurad gaucxoebul ufrosebs da bavSvebs SeuZliaT Tavi daaRwion siRaribes da moipovon saSualeba srulad<br />
miiRon monawileoba TavianT sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. ganaTlebas gadamwyveti roli aqvs qalebis gaZlierebaSi,<br />
eqsploataciuri da saxifaTo Sromisa da seqsualuri eqsploataciisagan bavSvebis dacvaSi, adamianis uflebebis da<br />
demokratiis damkvidrebaSi, garemo pirobebis dacvaSi da mosaxlebis zrdis kontrolirebaSi. ufrodaufro farTo<br />
aRiarebas poulobs azri, rom ganaTleba aris saxelmwifos mier gakeTebuli saukeTeso finansuri investicia. magram<br />
ganaTlebis mniSvneloba ar Semoifargleba mxolod praqtikuli miznebiT: ganaTlebuli, da aqtiuri goneba, romelsac<br />
SeuZlia Tavisuflad da Rrmad iazrovnos aris erT-erTi bedniereba da jildo adamianis arsebobisa 17 .”<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� globalizaciis<br />
terminologiuri<br />
leqsikoni<br />
� ganaTleba yvelasaTvis<br />
� uari rasizms<br />
� bavSvTa uflebebi<br />
� dae yvela xma iyos<br />
mosmenili<br />
� gza Tanasworobis<br />
qveynisaken<br />
� enobrivi barieri<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba ganixileba adamianis uflebaTa Semdeg<br />
dokumentebSi:<br />
� adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia (mux. 26)<br />
� evropis konvencia adamianis uflebebis da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb (mux. 2 protokoli # 1)<br />
� qalebis winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis yovelgvari formis aRmofxvris<br />
konvencia (mux. 10)<br />
� konvencia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb (mux-bi 28 da 29)<br />
� xalxebis da adamianis uflebebis afrikuli qartia (mux. 17)<br />
� san-salvadoris protokoli adamianis uflebebis amerikul<br />
konvenciaze (mux. 13)<br />
� ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso<br />
paqti (mux-bi 13 da 14). sainteresoa aRvniSnoT, rom mux. 13 aris<br />
xelSekrulebis yvelaze grZeli da farTo speqtris debuleba da is<br />
aris yvelaze amomwuravi muxli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb adamianis<br />
uflebebis kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />
414 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
a problemebia dRevandeli saganmanaTleblo sferoSi?<br />
1996 wels iuneskos komisiam warmoadgina 7 ZiriTadi winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
xasiaTis mqone aspeqti, romelic arsebobs msoflioSi da gavlenas axdens<br />
ganaTlebaze:<br />
1. winaaRmdegoba globalursa da adgilobrivs Soris<br />
2. winaaRmdegoba sayovelTaosa da individualurs Soris<br />
3. winaaRmdegoba tradiciasa da Tanamedroveobas Soris<br />
4. winaaRmdegoba suliersa da materialurs Soris<br />
5. winaaRmdegoba grZelperspeqivian da mokleperspeqtivian mosazrebebs<br />
Soris<br />
6. winaaRmdegoba Tanasworobasa da konkurencias SesaZleblobebis<br />
Soris<br />
7. winaaRmdegoba codnis metismet ganvrcobasa da adamianebis unars<br />
Soris aiTvison is.<br />
iuneskom ganmarta ras uwodebda is ganaTlebis 4 “niSansvets”, rogorc<br />
stragetias, romelsac SeeZlo gamklaveboda am problemebs:<br />
1. swavla TanacxovrebisaTvis: konkretulad es niSnavs rom ganaTlebam<br />
unda ganamtkicos studentebSi maTTvis saWiro unarCvevebi da<br />
SesaZlebloba raTa aRiaron TavianTi urTierTdamokidebuleba<br />
sxvebze; gadaWran konfliqtebi; imuSaon da dagegmon sxvebTan erTad<br />
saerTo miznebi da saerTo momavali; pativi scen pluralizms da<br />
mravalferovnebas (mag. genderuli, eTnikuri, religiuri da<br />
kulturuli); da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebis<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
2. swavla codnisaTvis: es niSnavs, rom ganaTleba unda daexmaros<br />
studentebs Semecnebis meTodebis: komunikaciis da zepiri<br />
metyvelebis, mwignobrobis, maTematikuri azrovnebis da problemis<br />
gadaWris xexebis gaTavisebaSi; SeiZinon rogorc zogadi farTo<br />
ganaTleba aseve garkveuli sferobis Rrma codna, gaiazron<br />
uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, da yvelaze mniSvnelovani iswavlon<br />
Tu rogor unda iswavlon<br />
3. swavla moqmedebisaTvis: ganaTleba unda daexmaros studentebs<br />
SeiZinon profesiuli unarCvevebi, codna socialur da<br />
fsiqologiur sferoebSi, rac saSualebas miscems maT miiRon<br />
kompetenturi gadawyvetilebebi sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul<br />
situciebSi, ifunqcioniron socialur da samuSao urTierTobebSi,<br />
monawileoba miiRon adgilobriv da globalur bazrebSi, gamoiyenon<br />
teqnologiuri instrumentebi, gamoiyenon teqnikis miRwevebi,<br />
daikmayofilon ZiriTadi moTxovnebi da gaaumjobeson TavianTi da<br />
sxvebis cxovrebis done.<br />
4. swavla arsebobisaTvis: ganaTlebam unda Seitanos wvlili<br />
pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi da xalxs misces damoukideblad<br />
moqmedebis, fxizeli gansjis, kritikuli azrovnebis da piradi<br />
pasuxismgeblobis aRebis saSualeba. is miznad unda isaxavdes<br />
adamianuri potencialis yvela aspeqtebs ganviTarebas mag.<br />
mexsiereba, argumentacia, esTetikis SegrZneba, sulieri<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
8 seqtemberi<br />
mwignobrobis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
5 oqtomberi<br />
maswavlebelTa<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
“Tu fiqrobT rom<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ZviradRirebulia, scadeT<br />
iyoT gaunaTlebeli”.<br />
anonimuri avtori<br />
415
“rogorc erT-erTi<br />
principuli saSualeba<br />
adamianis ganviTarebis<br />
ufro Rrma da harmoniuli<br />
formisaTvis, romelic<br />
gamoiwvevs siRaribis,<br />
ucodinrobis, Cagvris da<br />
omebis Semcirebas 18”<br />
Rirebulebebi, fizikuri da komunikaciis unarCvevebi; janmrTeli<br />
cxovrebis stili, sporti da dasveneba, pirovnuli kulturis<br />
dafaseba, eTikuri da zneobrivi kodeqsis floba sakuTari Tavis<br />
dacvis gamoxatvis unari, cxovrebiseuli simtkice.<br />
formaluri da araformaluri ganaTlebis<br />
urTierTdamatebiTi rolebi<br />
evropis saganmanaTleblo politikaSi arsebobs 2 ZiriTadi koncefcia:<br />
uwyveti swavleba da SemecnebiTi sazogadoeba. idea mdgomareobs iseTi<br />
sazogadoebis SeqmnaSi, romelSic adamianebs mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
miecemaT mravalefrovani SesaZleblobebi TavianTi codnis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs ara mxolod formaluri<br />
ganaTlebis rolis mzardi aRiareba aramed im SesaZleblobebisac,<br />
romlebsac gvTavazobs araformalizebuli ganaTleba anu programebi,<br />
romlebic arsebobs formaluri ganaTlebis sistemis farglebs gareT.<br />
aseTi programebi xSirad xorcieldeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier.<br />
maT SeswevT unari moicvan sakiTxebis farTo speqtri da gamoiyenon<br />
sxvadasxva meTodologia da moqnili midgomebi. am organizaciebis mier<br />
SemuSavebul programebs SeuZlia misces ganaTleba da sxva unar-Cvevebis<br />
uzrunvelyofis milionobiT bavSvsa da mozards, romlebisTvisac<br />
formaluri ganaTlebis sistema ar aris xelmisawvdomi an muSaoben<br />
Sesabamisi ganaTlebis gareSe.<br />
? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT Tqvens sazogadoebaSi arsebuli<br />
araformalizebuli ganaTlebis programebis magaliTebi?<br />
me-20 saukuneSi evropaSi saxelmwifo an kerZo skolebi aseve gaxda<br />
ZiriTadi dawesebulebebi masiuri ganaTlebisaTvis da formalurma<br />
ganaTlebam farTod aRiareba moipova.<br />
bolo aTwleulebSi arsebulma tendenciam gamoiwvia bazisuri<br />
ganaTlebisaTvis gamoyofili biujetis zrda, savaldebulo swavlebis<br />
dakanoneba da mediaSi ganaTlebis da ganivTarebis sakiTxebis farTod<br />
gaSuqeba.<br />
ganaTlebis sferos specialistebi saubroben formaluri da<br />
araformalizebuli ganaTlebas Soris mWidro kavSiris<br />
damyarebazeurTierTobisa da TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebaze rac xels<br />
Seuwyobs saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis sinqronizirebas da saswavlo garemos<br />
Seqmnas, raTa moswavleebs erToblivi SesaZleblobebis sruli kompleqti<br />
SesTavazon.<br />
? saerTo jamSi ra xarisxiT pasuxoben saganmanaTleblo<br />
sistemebi Tanamedroeveobis gamowvevas?<br />
samyaros TandaTanobiT garTulebasTan erTad saskolo sistemebic ufro<br />
farTo da rTuli gaxda. am sistemebSi CarTuli bavSvebis raodenoba ufro<br />
swrafad gaizarda vidre mosaxleoba: dawyebiTi ganaTlebis sistemaSi<br />
gaerTianebuli bavSvebis raodenoba 1970 w-s 50%-mde gaizarda, 76%-mde<br />
1990 wels da 82%-mde 1995 wels. sistemebis umravlesoba ganivrco da<br />
416 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
i mware aris<br />
ofi tkbilia”<br />
aristotele<br />
adrindelTan SedarebiT ufro sistematurad moicva skolamdeli asakis<br />
bavSvebi, mozardebi da zrdasrulebi.<br />
evropuli axalgazrduli organizaciebis roli<br />
evropis doneze axalgazrdulma organizaciebma ipoves ganaTlebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sakuTari azris<br />
gamoTqmis gzebi. aseve studenturma organizaciebmac rogoricaa studentebis erovnuli kavSiri evropaSi<br />
(ESIB) da evropis skolis moswavleebis kavSirebis maorganizebeli biuro. (OBESSU), romelic<br />
erovnuli skolis studenturi organizacebis da kavSirebis udidiesi evropuli platformaa da<br />
aqtiurad aris CarTuli zogad saSualo da saSualo profesiul ganaTlebis sferoSi. es organizaciebi<br />
xels uwyoben informaciis, codnis da gamocdilebis gacvlas erovnul studentur organizaciebs Soris<br />
da isini TamaSoben mniSvnelovan rols diskusiaSi axali mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb evropaSi formaluri<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemebis farglebSi.<br />
mwignobrobis done ganviTarebad qveynebSi aseve gaizarda - 1970 wels<br />
43%-dan, 65%-mde 1990 wels da 70%-ze maRla 1995 wels. aseTi zrda<br />
umetesad aris ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis, skolis mimarT<br />
mTavrobis da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis yuradRebis gazrdis da<br />
ojaxebis mier sakolo ganaTlebis utyuar faseulobad aRiarebis Sedegi.<br />
ganaTleba dafasebulia TavisTavad da aseve mas ganixilaven rogorc panaceas<br />
nebismieri problemisaTvis, romelTav yoveldRiurad awydebian ojaxebi.<br />
magram amis sapirispirod arsebobs skolebSi Sesvlis dabrkolebis<br />
damamtkicebeli garemoebebi mTel rig qveynebSi. zogierTi eqsperti<br />
miuTiTebs, rom gasuli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
“qveynebis utesobaSi dawyebiTi, saSualo da umaRles<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi SemsvlelTa ricxvi Semcirda.<br />
aseve yvela qveyanaSi Semcirda ganaTlebaze daxarjuli Tanxebi,<br />
rogorc mTliani Sida produqciis wili 19 ”.<br />
am modelebs gansakuTrebiT uaryofiTi Sedegebi hqonda saganmanaTleblo<br />
miRwevebisaTvis mwignobrobis CaTvliT im qveynebSi, romlebsac naklebad<br />
swrafi gaumjobeseba hqondaT gasuli 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi gasul 2<br />
aTweleulTan SedarebiT.<br />
globalizacia<br />
globalizaciis ZiriTadi elementebi, rogoric aris seleqtiuri vaWrobis liberalizacia, kompaniebis unari<br />
awarmoon operaciebi mTeli msoflios masStabiT da gadasaxadebisTvis Tavis arideba safrTxes uqmnis<br />
ganaTlebis grZelvadian dafinansebas. sagadasaxado problemebma zegavlena iqonia ganaTlebis samTavrobo<br />
dafinansebaze. ganas SemTxvevaSi mTavrobam SeZlo aekrifa mTliani erovnuli produqciis gadasaxadebis 12<br />
% Tu is dakargavda sagadasaxado Semosavlebis mxolod 10% -s anu mTliani erovnuli produqciis 12%-s<br />
es gautoldeboda dawyebiTi ganaTlebis biujetis naxevars. amdenad Semosavlebis akrefis unaris dacvas<br />
sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs progresis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT sayovelTao dawyebiTi ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi20.<br />
bevr centraluri evropis da aRmosavleT evropis qveyanaSi ekonomikuri<br />
aRmavloba jer kidev ar aris realoba. ra aris ganaTlebis Sedegebi?<br />
“socialuri danaxarjebis decentralizacias mniSvnelovani<br />
gavlena hqonda ganaTlebis arsebul resursebze (poloneTi, 1999;<br />
ruseTis federacia, 1999; rumineTi 1999) ramodenime<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
417
“Cven vibadebiT sustebi da<br />
gvWirdeba Zala; umweoni da<br />
gvWirdeba daxmareba;<br />
sulelebi da gvWirdeba<br />
goneba. yvelafers rac<br />
dabadebidan gvaklia,<br />
yvelafers rac gvWirdeba<br />
rodesac davvaJkacdebiT<br />
ganaTlebisagan saCuqrad<br />
vRebulobT.”<br />
Jan-Jak ruso<br />
centraluri evropis qveyanam Semoitana saganmanaTleblo<br />
dafinansebis da marTvis ufro maRali decentralizacia 1990<br />
wlamde, magram regionis danarCen nawilSi pasuxismgeblobis<br />
gadacemis mcdeloba centraluri mTavrobidan adgilobriv<br />
mTavrobisaTvis jer kidev siaxlea.<br />
amdenad, adgolobriv mmarTvelobas mieniWa mzardi pasuxismgebloba<br />
ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis dawebiTi skolamdelidan<br />
saSualo skolamde. bevr SemTxvevebSi skolebs Tavad mieniWaT<br />
mniSvnelovani uflebamosileba. xarjvis pasuxismgeblobis mixedviT<br />
Tu vimsjelebT regionebi xSirad gankargaven ganaTlebaze<br />
gamoyofili Tanxebis did nawils da zogierT qveyanaSi arsebobs<br />
mzardi uTanasworoba qveynis sxvadasxva regionebis unarSi<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebis dafinasebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
(poloneTi, 1999)<br />
zogierT SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi mmarTveloba gansakuTrebiT<br />
soflis regionebSi ver Rebulobs sakmaris finansebs maTTvis<br />
dakisrebuli axali valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad, da mcire<br />
saSulebebi gaaCniaT damatebiTi finansebis mosapoveblad. xSirad<br />
maswavleblebis xelfasebi (rac warmoadgens ganaTlebis biujetis<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovan wils) kvlav ganisazRvreba centraluri<br />
organoebis mier, rac skolebs utovebs SezRudul avtonomias<br />
sabiujeto gadawyvetilebebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Tumca resursebis wili, romelic ixarjeba ganaTlebaze modis<br />
saxelmwifo biujetidan mniSvnelovnad aris Semcirebuli.<br />
erovnuli Semosavlis da sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Semcirebis<br />
pirobebSi saxelmwifos mxardaWera ganaTlebisadmi realurad<br />
mkveTrad Sesustda.<br />
gardamaval procesTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis miuxedavad<br />
qveynebma gadadges bevri konkretuli nabiji saganmanaTleblo<br />
reformebisaken. es reformebi aqcentirebulia saganmanaTleblo<br />
kanonmdeblobis, saswavlo programebis demokratizaciis da<br />
marTvisa da dafinasebis decentralizaciisaken. magram zogierT<br />
qveyanaSi am reformebis praqtikuli ganxorcieleba nela da<br />
xSirad problemurad mimdinareobs 21 ”.<br />
samwuxarod ganaTlebis mdgomareobis arsebuli maCveneblebi<br />
msoflioSi naTlad aCvenebs, rom am seqtorSi bevrad mcire resursebis<br />
investireba xdeba. swrafad cvalebad samyaroSi mSoblebi da axalgazrdebi<br />
kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayeneben skolebis mier SemoTavazebuli ganaTlebis<br />
aqtualobas. amasTan erTad msoflioSi metismetad bevr skolaSi aRiniSneba<br />
maswavleblebis gacdenebi, drois arasworad gamoyeneba da TiToeuli<br />
moswavlis interesebisa da unarisadmi zerele damokidebuleba. amitom<br />
gasakviric ar aris, rom aseT skolebSi bavSvebi iReben Zalian mcire<br />
sasargeblo ganaTlebas, maTi drois didi nawili ixarjeba meqanikur<br />
damaxsovrebaze da Sesabamisad bavSvebis umetesoba uaryofs imas, rasac<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistema sTavazobs. im moswavleebs Soris, romlebic<br />
agrZeleben swavlas, bevri elementarul unar-Cvevebsac ver iZens<br />
418 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
cxovrebiseul situaciebSi im codnis analizisa da gamoyenebisaTvis,<br />
romelic maT SeiZines.<br />
evrosabWos eqspertebma Camoayalibes axalgazrdebis 3 ZiriTadi jgufi,<br />
romlebic gansakuTrebiT daucveli arian saganmanaTleblo sistemis<br />
farglebSi:<br />
1. ekonomikurad gaWirvebuli ojaxebidan gamosuli axalgazrdebi<br />
2. axalgazrdebi, romlebsac hyavT SezRuduli ganaTlebis mqone<br />
mSoblebi<br />
3. eTnikuri umciresobebi, imigrantebi da pirebi, romlebic xSirad<br />
icvlian sacxovrebel adgils.<br />
? SegiZliaT gamoyoT raime sxva jgufi, romelic gansakuTrebiT<br />
daucvelia Tqven sazogadoebaSi da romelic ar aris naxsenebi am<br />
siaSi?<br />
msoflios bevr qveyanaSi arsebobs garkveuli skepticizmi ganaTlebis<br />
formaluri, unificirebuli sistemis mimarT. xalxi xedavs mzard<br />
uTanasworobas da gansxvavebas fasebSi, xarisxSi, miRwevebSi da<br />
sertificirebaSi – da amas mivyavarT “rwmenis krizisamde” msoflios did<br />
nawilis saxelwifo skolebSi.<br />
Tu dawyebiTi skolis asakis yvela moswavle miiRebda minimum 4 wlian<br />
safuZvlian ganaTlebas mwignobrobis problema gadaiWreboda erTi Taobis<br />
farglebSi. magram dRes:<br />
1. 125 milioni dawyebiTi skolis asakis bavSvi ar dadis skolaSi,<br />
maTgan umetesoba gogonebia<br />
2. damatebiT 150 milioni bavSvi Sedis dawyebiT skolaSi magram<br />
tovebs mas 4 wliani ganaTlebis miRebamde. maTi umravlesoba<br />
tovebs skolas manam, vidre Seiswavlides elementarul werakiTxvas.<br />
3. tropikuli afrikis da samxreT aziis did nawilSi bavSvebs<br />
SeuZliaT miiRon mxolod 4-7 wliani ganaTleba. industrialurad<br />
ganviTarebul qveynebSi ki bavSvebs SeuZliaT miiRon 15-17 wliani<br />
ganaTleba.<br />
4. dReisaTvis 870 milioni adamiani wera-kiTxvis ucodinaria; maTgan<br />
70% qalia.<br />
? SegiZliaT TqvaT, ra mizezis gamo aris gaunaTlebeli qalebis<br />
ricxvi ase maRali?<br />
50 wlis win adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciam ufaso da<br />
savaldebulo ganaTleba gamoacxada adamianis ZiriTad uflebad. 1990 wels<br />
2 saxelmwifos garda yvela qveynis mier xelmowerilma bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
konvenciam daadastura es ufleba rogorc saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi<br />
valdebuleba.<br />
amis Semdeg bevri maRali donis saerTaSoriso valdebuleba gamoica<br />
adamianis am ZiriTadi uflebis Sesaxeb.<br />
ganviTarebulma qveynebma araerTxel aiRes pasuxismgebloba<br />
TanamSromlobis gafarToebaze ganviTarebis saxeliT, raTa miaRwiaT 1990<br />
wlis saerTaSoriso samitze dasaxuli miznebisaTvis.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“ganaTleba Tavisuflebis<br />
ufro myari garantiaa,<br />
vidre swrafi reagirebis<br />
jarebi”.<br />
edvard evereti<br />
419
1990 wels msoflios mTavrobebi Seikriben saerTaSoriso<br />
konferenciaze ganaTleba yvelasaTvis, romelic Catarda jomteinSi,<br />
tailandSi. aq maT dasaxes miznebi, rom aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi msoflios<br />
yvela bavSvs miecemoda sakuTari potencialis sruli realizebis saSualeba.<br />
es gulisxmobda sayovelTao xarisxiani dawyebiTi ganaTlebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobas da genderuli uTanasworobis aRmofxvras.<br />
sayovelTao dawyebiTi ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifoebis da<br />
mTavrobebi maT mier aRebuli ukanaskneli valdebulebis Sesrulebas miznad<br />
isaxaven 2015 wlisaTvis. magram, amJamindeli tempiT Tundac es naklebad<br />
ambiciuri mizani miuRwevadi iqneba. Tu mTavrobebi dauyonebliv ar<br />
imoqmedeben, 2015 wlisaTvis 75 milioni bavSvi ver miiRebs bazisur<br />
ganaTlebas.<br />
da mainc ganaTlebisadmi miZRvnili bolo saerTaSoriso samitze<br />
(dakari, 2000) xazgasmuli iyo, rom<br />
wyaroebi<br />
“ganaTleba aris adamianis fundamenturi ufleba. is aris gasaRebi<br />
mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis da mSvidobisa da stabilurobisaTvis<br />
qveynebs SigniT da maT Soris da Sesabamisad XXI saukunis<br />
sazogadoebriv da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi efeqturi monawileobis<br />
uzrunvelyofis aucilebeli saSualeba.”<br />
swavlis xidebis ageba. axalgazrduli forumi, briuseli, 1999. ganaTleba yvelasaTvis –<br />
qveynis moxseneba, 2000. http://www2.unesco.org<br />
kampania ganaTleba axla, oqsfami www.coa.org.au/oxfam/advocacy/education.<br />
evropis axalgazrduli mimarTulebebi 2000, evrosabWo, 2001<br />
swavleba: saganZuri iuneskos farglebSi, parizi, 1996<br />
saerTaSoriso ganaTlebis moxseneba www.unesco.org<br />
garemo pirobebi<br />
420 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
esatyvisi<br />
arjiSoebi<br />
veni momavlis<br />
varinatebi<br />
srulyofil<br />
samyaroSi<br />
maka veSapebis<br />
anadgurebeli<br />
rveli gverdi<br />
ori qalaqis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
SeuZlebeblia gamoyo garemo – udabnoebi, tyeebi, an qalaqis gareubnebi<br />
xalxisa da adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebisagan. gansakuTrebiT maTgan,<br />
romlebic exeba socialur Tanasworobas da ganviTarebas. es exeba ara<br />
mxolod afrikas, aramed yvela regions evropis CaTvliT. garemosa da<br />
adamianebs Soris arsebobs 2-mxrivi urTierToba: adamianis yvela saqmianoba<br />
gavlenas axdens gaermoze, xolo garemo gavlenas axdens adamianis<br />
sicocxleze. amis erT-erTi magaliTi aris “saTburis efeqti”. navTobis,<br />
qvanaxSiris da gazis 300 wlianma gamoyenebam mosflios industriuli<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis sawvavis miwodebis mizniT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana<br />
globalur daTbobaSi. Sedegad bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi mowme gavxdiT<br />
katastrofuli klimaturi movlenebisa, romlebmac gavlena moaxdina xalxze<br />
mTel msoflioSi. Tumca CrdiloeTis mdidari qveynebis mosaxleobas<br />
romelTac yvelaze meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT naxSiroJangis maRali<br />
koncentraciaze. ukeT SeuZliaT daicvan Tavi “bunebrivi<br />
katastrofebisagan”, vidre samxreTis ganviTarebad qveynebSi mcxovrebma<br />
xalxma. es sakiTxebi exeba rogorc samarTlianobis, aseve adamianis<br />
uflebebis Temasac.<br />
garemosa da adamianis uflebebs Soris kavSiris sxva magaliTebi aris:<br />
� omis dros qveiTi jarebis mier danaRmuli sasoflo sameurneo<br />
nakveTi, romelic iqceva safrTxed adamianis usafrTxoebisaTvis.<br />
� xalxi, romelic siRaribis gamo iZulebulia moiyvanos marcvleuli<br />
naklebad nayofier miwaze rasac miwis gamofitvamde da ufro met<br />
siRaribemde mivyavarT.<br />
� baia mares SemTxveva, ramac pirvelad gamoiwvia mdinare samoSis<br />
cianidiT dabinZureba, Semdeg ki tisis, xolo sabolood dunaisi.<br />
Cveni ekologiuri baza<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“Tu udabno izrdeba, tyeebi<br />
nadgurdeba, uxarisxo kvebis<br />
problema mZafredeba da<br />
qalaqis dasaxlebebSi xalxi<br />
Zalian cud pirobebSi<br />
cxovrobs, es ar xdeba<br />
imitom, rom resursebi<br />
arasakmarisia, aramed es xdeba<br />
im politikis gamo, romelsac<br />
atareben Cveni mmarTvelebi,<br />
elitaruli jgufi. xalxis<br />
uflebebze da interesebze<br />
uaris Tqma gvibiZgebs<br />
situaciisaken sadac mxolod<br />
siRaribes eqneba ganviTarebis<br />
perpeqtiva afrikaSi... mxolod<br />
Tavisufal adamianebs,<br />
adamianebs, romlebsac aqvT<br />
uflebebi, momwifebul da<br />
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT<br />
ganmsWvalul moqalaqeebs,<br />
eqnebaT ufleba miiRon<br />
monawileoba garemos<br />
ganviTarebaSi da dacvaSi.”<br />
gamomsvleli, WECD (gaeros<br />
bunebisa da ganviTarebis<br />
saerTaSoriso komisia)<br />
saxalxo mosmenaze, nairobi,<br />
23 seqtemberi, 1986<br />
421
msoflio<br />
katastrofebi<br />
stiqiuri 1996 2000<br />
katastrofa<br />
grigali 62 99<br />
wyaldidoba 69 153<br />
gvalva 9 46<br />
“garemos dacvis moZraoba<br />
SeiZleba gaadrCes mxolod<br />
maSin Tu is iqceva moZraobad<br />
simarTlisaTvis. rogorc<br />
wminda ekologiuri moZraoba<br />
is an daiRupeba an<br />
daemsgavseba `leRvis<br />
foTols~ korporaciebisaTvis.<br />
nebismieri, vinc garemos<br />
gulwrfeli damcvelia ver<br />
Seegueba am rols, magram mas<br />
eqneba usazRvro<br />
SesaZleblobebi Tuki<br />
ekologiur mimarTulebasTan<br />
erTad SeiTavsebs<br />
samarTlianobisaTvis<br />
brZolas.”.<br />
vandana Siva<br />
Cven viyenebT garemos ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro nedleulis misaRebad da<br />
aseve viyenebT mas rogorc nagavsayrels narCenebisTvis. magram amave dros<br />
sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis man unda uzrunvelgvyos Cven stabiluri<br />
temperaturiT, JangbadiT da sufTa wyliT. planeta, romelzec Cven<br />
vcxovrobT ar aris usasrulo, am samyaroSi yvelaferi erTmaneTTan<br />
kavSirSia mag. sakvebi jaWvebis, wylis mimoqcevis da mTebis saSualebiT.<br />
buneba Tavad flobs aRdgeniT Tvisebebs magram am ciklebis seriozuli<br />
darRveva mag. dabinZurebis Sedegad, arastabiluri fermeruli saqmianoba,<br />
sairigacio proeqtebi an ukontrolo TevzWera arRvevs bunebriv balanss.<br />
ukrainaSi momxdari Cernobilis katastrofa, germaniis Sav tyeSi xeebis<br />
gadaSeneba, samxreT espaneTSi udabnoebis gafarToeba, cimbiruli wylulis<br />
daavadeba britaneTSi, aralis zRvis daSroba uzbekeTSi da lisus kaSxlis<br />
proeqti TurqeTSi _ yvelferi es aris magaliTi Tu rogor azianebs<br />
adamiani ganviTarebis procesSi ekologiur bazas yovelgvari ekonomikuri<br />
saqmianobisa da Tavad sicocxlisaTvis.<br />
? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT konkretuli magaliTebi? mag. ra<br />
gavlena aqvs gzebis mSeneblobis proeqts an industriul<br />
maRaroebs an sxva movlenebs Tqvens maxloblad arsebul<br />
garemoze?<br />
mdgradi ganviTarebis idea<br />
1989 wels gaeros bunebisa da ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso komisiam,<br />
romelsac brandtlandis moxsenebasac uwodeben warmoadgina “mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebis” principi, romelic man gansazRvra rogorc “ganviTareba,<br />
romelic akmayofilebs dRevandel moTxovnebs da amave dros eWvqveS ar<br />
ayenebs momavali Taobebis unars daakmayofilon TavianTi moTxovnebi”. amas<br />
mohyva 1992 wlis rio-de-Janeiros deklaracia, romelic acxadebda:<br />
“adamianebi arian mdgradi ganviTarebis sazrunavis mTavari sagani. maT aqvT<br />
janmrTeli da produqtiuli cxovrebis ufleba bunebasTan harmoniaSi”.<br />
realuri da gadaudebeli problema aris rogor gadaiWras adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sakiTxebi rogoricaa siRaribe, globalizacia da ganviTarebis<br />
ufleba ise, rom ar daziandes garemo, romelic warmoadgens Cven<br />
macocxlebel Zalas.<br />
erT-erTi midgoma aris saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi konkretuli<br />
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. mag. gaeros 1997 wlis klimatis cvlilebis<br />
konferenciaze kiotoSi industriulma qveynebma aiRes konkretuli<br />
pasuxismgebloba saTburis efeqtis gamomwvevi gamonabolqvebis Semcirebaze.<br />
iyo bevri laparaki ganviTarebuli qveynebissaTvis gamonaklisis daSvebis<br />
Sesaxeb da bevri kritika rogorc saboloo efeqturobis aseve saboloo<br />
xelSekrulebis samarTlianobis mimarT.<br />
alternatiuli midgoma gamomdinareobs adamianis uflebebis sakiTxidan<br />
da gvTavazobs, rom yvela xelSekrulebis safuZvels warmoadgendes<br />
samarTlianobisa da Tanasworobis principebi. zogierTi amtkicebs rom<br />
ekologiuri sakiTxebi ukve sakmarisad aris moculi adamianis uflebebis<br />
arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT mag. sakuTrebis uflebis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
sicocxlis uflebis saSualebiT. sxvebi ki gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs axali an<br />
“ganviTarebadi” ekologiuri uflebebis Sesaxeb..<br />
422 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
erT-erTi mosazrebis mixedviT adamianis uflebebis arsebul sias unda<br />
daematos adamianis ekologiuri ufleba. mag. 1994 wlis adamianis<br />
uflebebis da garemos Sesaxeb deklaraciis proeqti acxadebs: “yvela<br />
pirovnebas aqvs ufleba usafrTxo, janmrTel da ekologiurad mdgrad<br />
garemoze. es ufleba da sxva adamianis uflebebi samoqalaqo, kulturuli,<br />
ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri uflebebis CaTvliT aris<br />
sayovelTao, urTerTdamokidebuli da ganuyofeli.”<br />
zogierTi adamiani, gansakuTrebiT ekologebi, akritikeben adamianis<br />
ekologiuri uflebis moTxovnas. isini SiSoben, rom Tu adamianis<br />
sococxle da janmrTeloba gaxdeba garemos dacvis mizani maSin garemo<br />
daculi iqneba mxolod adamianis keTildReobis mizniT, da mxolod im<br />
zomiT ra zomiTac is saWiroa adamianis keTildReobisaTvis. sanacvlod,<br />
isini gvTavazoben adamianis uflebebisadmi ufro holistikur midgomas.<br />
isini acxadeben, rom adamiani aris biosferos nawili (sicocxlis qseli<br />
dedamiwaze) da Sesabamisad maTi vali kacobriobis winaSe aris ganuyofeli<br />
maTi valdebulebisagan garemos dacvaze. ufro farTo CarCoebSi adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvis moTxovnebSi gaiTvaliswinebuli unda iyos Sinagani<br />
faseulobebi da momavali Taobebis moTxovnebi, iseve rogorc<br />
saxelmwifoebisa da xalxebis konkurentuli interesebi.<br />
zogi amtkicebs rom cocxali bunebis yovel saxeobas unda hqondes<br />
“cxovelTa uflebebi” iseve rogorc xalxs aqvs adamianis uflebebi.<br />
iuridiulad cxovelebs ara aqvT uflebebi rogorc aseTi. Tumca isini<br />
xSirad arian daculi kanonis mier. mag. bevr evropul qveyanaSi arsebobs<br />
kanoni, romelic icavs fermis cxovelebis keTildReobas da arsebobis<br />
pirobebs.<br />
adamianis ekologiuri uflebebi<br />
adamianis ekologiuri uflebebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas rogorc pasuxi globalur ekologiur<br />
situaciaze. isini warmoadgenen Cveni drois produqts, iseve rogorc politikuri da samoqalaqo<br />
uflebebi iyo warsulis istoriuli movlenebis produqts.<br />
kidev erTi gza, romelzec kvlav mimdinareobs kamaTi aris adamianis<br />
ekologiuri uflebebis koncefcia. misi momxreebi cdiloben SeaTanxmon<br />
adamianis uflebebis filosofia ekologiur principebTan. adamianis<br />
uflebebi (rogoricaa adamianuri Rirseba, Tavisufleba, sakuTreba da<br />
ganviTareba) unda pasuxobdes im faqts, rom individebi funqcionireben ara<br />
mxolod politikur da socialur garemoSi aramed bunebriv garemoSic.<br />
iseve rogorc yovelma adamianma pativi unda sces Tavisive msgavsi<br />
adamianebis Sinagan faseulobebs, aseve pativi unda sces sxva cocxali<br />
arsebebis Sinagan faseulobebs (cxovelebi, mcenareebi, da ekosistema).<br />
erT-erTi udidesi problema, romelsac awydebian maswavleblebi da<br />
axalgazrduli muSakebi dRes aris xalxis ganaTleba raTa gaizron<br />
adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis da sicocxlis memkvidruli faseulobebis<br />
ormagi koncefcia da is, Tu rogor icxovron Sesabamisad. sxva sityvebiT,<br />
“iazrovnon globalurad da imoqmedon lokalurad”. da ipovon axali<br />
cxovrebis stili, romelic SeiZleba damkviddrdes momavalSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
5 ivnisi<br />
garemos dacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
22 aprili<br />
dedemawis dRe<br />
423
axalgazrdebis da axalgazrduli organizaciebis<br />
monawileoba<br />
skolebi, garemos dacvis arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da sxva<br />
institutebi yvela qveyanaSi iZleva SesaZleblobebs axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />
raTa aqtiurad CaerTon garemos dacvis sakiTxebSi. adgilobriv doneze maT<br />
SeuZliaT gaxadon TavianTi saxlebi, skolebi, da axalgazrduli klubebi<br />
ekologiurad “keTilmowyobili” da maT SeuZliaT CaerTon adgilobriv<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. regionalur da erovnul doneze maT<br />
SeuZliaT gavlena moaxdinon sazogadoebis gadawyvetilebaze da politikur<br />
debatebze mag. werilis saSualebiT, speqtaklebis dadgmiT da (mSvidobiani)<br />
demonstraciebiT im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic maT awuxebT.<br />
saerTaSoriso da globalur doneze maT SeuZliaT iqonion gavlena<br />
deklaraciebis saSualebiT rogoricaa `dedamiwis qartia~ da saerTaSoriso<br />
kampaniis mwarmoebeli organizaciebis saSualebiT rogoricaa mwvaneTa<br />
moZraoba.<br />
yvela doneze axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT monawileoba internet mimoweris,<br />
kampaniebis da dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis saSualebiT rogoricaa garemos<br />
dacvis saerTaSoriso dRe da dedamiwis dRe. garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe, 5 ivnisi, gamocxadda gaeros generaluri asambelis mier 1972 wels.<br />
misi aRniSvna mravalnairad SeiZleba quCis aqciebis, velosipedistTa<br />
paradis, mwvaneTa koncertebis, eseebis da plakatebis saskolo konkursis<br />
saSualebiT, xeebis dargviT, nagvis gadamuSavebis da dasufTavebis<br />
kampaniebiT. yovelwliurad SemoTavazebulia axali Tema, romelzec SeiZleba<br />
aqcentis gakeTeba. warsuli Temebis magaliTebidan SeiZleba davasaxeloT:<br />
“dedamiwaze sicocxlisaTvis – gadaarCineT Cveni zRvebi”, “siRaribe da<br />
garemo – mankieri wris garRveva” da “bavSvebi da garemo” (www.unep.org).<br />
dedamiwis dRe, romelic aRiniSneba 22 aprils koordinirebulia dedamiwis<br />
dRis qseliT, romelic muSaobs garemos dacvis da adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dacvis sxva organizaciebTan mag. sieras klubi da saerTaSoriso amnistia<br />
erTad raTa awarmoon sazogadoebrivi moZraoba adamianis uflebebis da<br />
ekologiuri darRvevebis winaaRmdeg zeimis da saprotesto aqciebis<br />
saSualebiT. www.earthday.net/events/events-europe.stm<br />
evropis sabWos muSaoba<br />
evrosabWom garemos dacvis programa daiwyo 1961 wels. misi moRvaweoba<br />
am sferoSi aqcentirdeba bunebis da landSaftis dacvaze. amJamad programa<br />
xorcieldeba evrosabWos kulturisa da kulturuli da bunebrivi<br />
memkvidreobis ganyofilebis farglebSi. mas aqvs 3 ZiriTadi mimarTuleba:<br />
biologiuri da lanSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis pan-evropuli<br />
strategia, evropis veluri bunebis da bunebis SvilTa dacvis konvencia<br />
(bernis konvencia, 1979) da biologiuri da landSaftis da biologiuri<br />
mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis gazrda.<br />
garemos dacvis Sesaxeb informacia da ganaTleba vrceldeba evrosabWos<br />
gamomcemlobis mier. misi erovnuli organizaciebis qsels aseve<br />
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs biologiuri da landSaftis mravalferovnebis<br />
dacvis sakiTxSi.<br />
424 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi da deklaraciebi<br />
qvemoT moyvanilia ramodenime xelSekruleba da sxva dokumentebi exeba<br />
gansxvavebul aspeqtebs: garemos da adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebs da<br />
maTgan saintereso aris:<br />
1. garemosa da janmrTelobis Sesaxeb 1989 wlis evropis qartia<br />
2. gaeros 1992 wlis deklaracia garemosa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.<br />
3. adamianis uflebebis da garemos dacvis 1994 wlis deklaraciis<br />
proeqti<br />
4. biskaias 1999 wlis deklaarcia garemoze uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
5. 2000 wlis dedamiwis qartia<br />
informaciis wyaroebi:<br />
a. boili, m.a. andersoni, midgomebi garemos dacvisadmi adamianis uflebebis TvalsazrisiT:<br />
mimoxilva, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996<br />
k. boselmani, adamianis uflebebi da garemo, ZiriTadi principebis axleburi gansazRvreba<br />
www.arbld.unimelb.edu.au/envjust/papers/allpapers/bosselmann/home.htm<br />
zrunva dedamiwaze, konservacionistebis saerTaSoriso kavSiri (IUCN), garemos dacvis<br />
gaeros programa, bunebis saerTaSoriso fondi (WWF-UK), www.ciesin.org/IC/iucn/CaringDS.htm<br />
garemos dacvis evrosabWos programa, www.nature.coe.int<br />
garemos da adamianis uflebebis deklaraciis principebis proeqti<br />
http://www1.umn.edu.humanrts/instree/1994-dec.htm<br />
`dedamiwis qartiis~ iniciativa, www.earthcharter.org/draft/charter.htm<br />
Worldwatch, www.worldwatch.org<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
msoflios gadaarCens<br />
adamianuri guli, adamianis<br />
azrovnebis Zala, adamianis<br />
saTnoeba da adamianis<br />
pasuxismgebloba. Cven<br />
kvlav vimyofebiT<br />
destruqciuli da amao<br />
rwmenis gavlenis qveS,<br />
rom adamiani aris<br />
Semoqmedebis mwvervali da<br />
ara misi nawili da amdenad<br />
misTvis yvelaferi<br />
nebadarTulia. Cven jer<br />
kidev ar viciT rogor<br />
davayenoT zneoba<br />
politikaze, mecnierebaze<br />
da ekonomikaze maRla. Cven<br />
jer kidev ar SegviZlia<br />
SevignoT rom erTaderTi<br />
WeSmariti sayrdeni Cveni<br />
yvela qmedebisa – Tu isini<br />
zneobrivi unda iyos –<br />
aris pasuxismgebloba.<br />
pasuxismgebloba raRac<br />
ufro metia vidre Cemi<br />
ojaxi, Cemi qveyana, Cemi<br />
firma, Cemi warmateba.<br />
pasuxismgebloba<br />
yofierebis wesrigis<br />
mimarT, radganac iq, da<br />
mxoloddamxolod iq<br />
gvelodeba namdvili<br />
samsjavro”.<br />
vaclav haveli<br />
425
“es mSvenieri cxovrebiseuli<br />
pozicia unda iyos: iyo<br />
axalgazrda da win gqondes<br />
mTeli cxovreba, romelic<br />
SegiZlia dagegmo da iocnebo.<br />
ufro metic, is Tanabrad<br />
mSvenieri unda iyos rogorc<br />
axalgazrda qalisaTvis aseve<br />
axalgazrda mamakacisaTvis.<br />
Tumca realurad bevr<br />
axalgazrdas warTmeuli aqvs<br />
ufleba dagegmon da<br />
iocnebon, isargeblon<br />
usafrTxoebisa da Rirseuli<br />
cxovrebis uflebiT.<br />
realurad, mniSvnelovan<br />
cvlilebas ganapirobebs<br />
biWad daibadebiT Tu gogod.<br />
axalgazrda qalebi maTi<br />
uflebebis xelyofis ufro<br />
maRali riskis qveS dganan 23 ”.<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� gmirebi<br />
� saSinao saqmeebi<br />
� vin varT Cven?<br />
� visaubroT seqsze<br />
� gza Tanasworobis<br />
qveynisaken<br />
� samsaxuri da bavSvebi<br />
� gansxvavebuli<br />
xelfasebi<br />
zogierTi ZiriTadi koncefcia<br />
Tuki 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi qalTa uflebebis aqtivistebi<br />
saubrobdnen “ganviTarebaSi qalebis integrirebaze”, 1990-ian wlebSi<br />
aqcenti gakeTda genderuli sakiTxebis integrirebaze ganviTarebis<br />
politikasa da dagegmvaSi.<br />
dRes, orive termini “qalTa uflebebi” da “genderuli Tanasworoba”<br />
gamoiyeneba. ras niSnavs es terminebi da ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris? fraza<br />
qalis adamianis uflebebi gamoiyeneba raTa aqcenti gakeTdes im faqtze, rom<br />
qalis ufleba adamianis uflebaa, ufleba, romelic qalebs aqvT radgan<br />
isini ubralod adamianebi arian. es azri aerTianebs qalTa uflebebis Temas<br />
adamianis uflebebis moZraobaSi da amavdroulad aerTianebs adamianis<br />
uflebebis principebs qalTa uflebebis moZraobaSi.<br />
genderuli Tanasworoba niSnavs Tanabar SesaZleblobebs, monawileobis<br />
da orive sqesis gamoCenas sazogadoebrivi da piradi cxovrebis yvela<br />
sferoSi Tanabar doneze. genderuli Tanasworoba ar unda gavigoT rogorc<br />
genderuli mravalferovnebis, aramed piriqiT, rogorc genderuli<br />
uTanasworobis sawinaaRmdego. is miznad isaxavs qalebis da mamakacebis<br />
sazogadoebaSi sruli monawileobis waxalisebas. iseve rogorc adamianis<br />
uflebebisaTvis, genderuli TanasworobisaTvisac saWiroa mudmivi brZola,<br />
dacva da mxardaWera.<br />
termini “genderi” aRniSnavs qalebisa da mamakacebis socialurad<br />
konstruirebul rolebs romelic miewerebaT maT sqesobrivi niSnis<br />
mixedviT. amdenad genderuli rolebi damokidebulia konkretul socioekonomikur,<br />
politikur da kulturologiur konteqstze da ganicdis<br />
sxvadasxva faqtorebis gavlenas rasis, eTnikurobis, klasis, seqsualuri<br />
orientaciis da asakis mixedviT. genderuli rolebis Seswavla xdeba da<br />
farTod gansxvavdeba TiToeuli kulturis farglebSi da kulturebs<br />
Soris. pirovnebis biologiuri sqesisgan gansxvavebiT genderuli rolebi<br />
SeiZleba Seicvalos.<br />
“kamaTma socializaciisa da sterotipebis Sesaxeb gaamJRavna<br />
socializaciis “Zveli” formebi, Seqmna sivrce TviTmyofadobis da<br />
individualobis axali formebisaTvis. socializaciis axali” formebi<br />
TavianT adgils ikaveben, magram SeiZleba Caanacvlon msgavsi stereotipuli<br />
molodini da warmoSvan iseTive Sedegebi, rogorc adre. ojaxis, skolisa da<br />
426 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
samsaxuris gavlena SeiZleba aRar iyos iseTi mZlavri magram axalma<br />
sainformacio teqnologiebma da kulturulma tradiciebma (gamovlenilma<br />
musikaSi, mediaSi da televiziaSi) SeiZleba gaaZlieros maamkacebis<br />
socialuri Zalaufleba da SeinarCunos qalebis damokidebuli roli”<br />
? ramdenad advilia mamakacebisaTvis Seeguon qalebis uflebebis<br />
aRiarebis Sedegad ganxorcielebul cvlilebebs?<br />
qalTa uflebebis darRvevis magaliTebi<br />
saojaxo Zaladoba<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaldobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma<br />
aris saojaxo Zaladoba. saojaxo Zaladoba mravali wlis manZilze<br />
iTvleboda pirad problemad, romelSic saxelmwifo da sakanonmdeblo<br />
sistema ar unda Careuliyo. da mainc saojaxo Zaladoba ar azianebs<br />
mxolod qalis fizikur da fsiqologiur janmrTelobas, aramed adamianis<br />
uflebebis pirdapiri darRveva da Sesabamisad sisxlis samarTlis<br />
danaSauli.<br />
statistika aCvenebs, rom qalebi ufro xSirad xdebian cemis, Tavdasxmis<br />
da mkvlelobis obieqti maTi partniorebis an yofili partniorebis<br />
mxridan, vidre sxva romelime adamianis mxridan.<br />
� evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi 20-dan 50%-mde qalebi arian saojaxo<br />
Zaladobis msxverpli.<br />
� saojaxo Zaladoba gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis yvela seqtorsa da<br />
asakobriv jgufze.<br />
� saojaxo Zaladoba vlindeba sxvadasxva formiT: fizikuri,<br />
seqsualuri, fsiqologiuri da struqturuli.<br />
� 5-dan 1 qali xdeba seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli cxovrebis<br />
romelime etapze. msxverplTa asaki varirebs 2 Tvidan 90 wlamde.<br />
� moZaladeTa 98% mamakacia, maTgan 50% daojaxebulia an cxovroben<br />
de faqto qorwinebaSi an rogorc wyvilebi.<br />
� gaupatiurebis 70% winaswarganzaraxulia da moxolod moZaladeTa<br />
3% aris fsiqiurad gauwonasworebeli.<br />
� izrdeba jgufuri gaupatiurebis ricxvi<br />
� cifrebi aCvenebs Zalian axalgazrda asakis qalebis mimarT<br />
Zaladobis zradas<br />
“statistika Zalian daundobelia, imisdamiuxedavad msoflios romel<br />
nawilze vlaparakobT... arcerTi qveyana an regioni ar aris gamonaklisi<br />
saojaxo Zaladobis SemTxvevebisagan.” _ acxadebs iunisefis moxseneba<br />
qalebisa da gogonebis mimarT saojaxo Zaladobis Sesaxeb, romelic<br />
gamoqveynda 2000 wels, da warmoadgens am fenomenis globaluri<br />
ganzomilebebis gansazRvris pirvel mcdelobas.<br />
qalebisa da gogonebis trefikingi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
8 marti<br />
qalTa saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
25 noemberi<br />
qalebis mimarT Zaladobis<br />
likvidaciisaTvis brZolis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
`adamianis uflebebis<br />
uTanasworoba da Seusabamoba<br />
qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris<br />
miuRebelia WeSmariti<br />
demokratiis<br />
principebisaTvis~<br />
evrosabWos saparlamento<br />
asamblea, rezolucia 1216<br />
(2000)<br />
427
msoflioSi yovelwliurad 2<br />
milion patara gogonas<br />
ukeTdeba amgvari Aoperacia<br />
plus 130 milion qals ukve<br />
Cautarda es procedura 27<br />
yovelwliurad milionobiT mamakaci, qali da bavSvi aris msoflio<br />
masStabiT trefikingis msxverpli pirobebSi, romelic monobis tolfasia. am<br />
cifrebs Soris mravali aTasi aris axalgazrda qali da gogona, romlebic<br />
moatyues, gaitaces, an gayides Zaladobrivi prostituciisa da seqsualuri<br />
servisebis sxva formebisTvis. es procesi kidev ufro gaadvilebulia<br />
globalizaciis da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis wyalobiT. trefikingis<br />
mizezebi gamowveulia siRaribiT, umuSevrobiT, da dabali donis ganaTlebiT<br />
rac aiZulebs xalxs wavidnen riskze TavianTi cxovrebis donis<br />
gaumjobesebiasTvis. erT-erTi SemaSfoTebeli tendencia ganviTarebul<br />
qveynebSi aris “iaffasiani da aralegaluri samuSao Zalis gamoyeneba, iseve<br />
rogorc qalebis da bavSvebis eqsploatacia prostituciisa da<br />
pornografiisaTvis 25 “.<br />
adamianebis trefikingi sulac ar aris axali fenomeni, magram miamiti<br />
da sasowarkveTili axalgazrda qalebis gayidva seqsualuri ZaladobisaTvis<br />
iqca erT-erT yvelaze swrafad mzard danaSaulad globalur ekonomikaSi.<br />
“trafikingis nakadi konkretul ganviTarebad qveynebsa (CrdiloeT da<br />
centraluri afrika, laTinuri amerika da azia) da dasavleTis<br />
mimarTuelbis qveynebs Soris grZeldeba. Tumca yvelaze TvalSi sacemi<br />
faqtori ... aris im qalebisa da bavSvebis raodenobis gazrda, romlebic<br />
gayvanili iqna evrokavSirSi centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis<br />
qveynebidan. gamoTvlebis mixedviT yovelwliurad 120000–mde qali da<br />
bavSvi xdeba trefikingis msxverpli dasavleT evropaSi”. 26<br />
ukve ramdenime welia qalebisa da bavSvebis trefikingi – da zogadad<br />
adamianebis –evrosabWos dRis wesrigis prioritetuli sakiTxia.<br />
qalis genitaliis dazianeba<br />
qalis genitaliis dazianebis praqtika exeba daaxloebiT 130 milion<br />
qals da gogonas, yvelaze xSirad afrikaSi. qalis genitaliis dazianeba<br />
aris qalebisTvis saziano kulturologiuri Cveva, romelic arRvevs<br />
qalebis sicocxlis uflebas, sxeulis mTlianobas, janmrTelobas da<br />
seqsualurobas. radganac es umetesad axalgazrda gogonebze vrceldeba<br />
qalis genitaliis dazianeba aseve seriozuli kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs<br />
bavSvTa uflebebs.<br />
konfliqtur regionebSi...<br />
bolo wlebSi qalebis mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebi dafiqsirda<br />
bosniaSi, kambojaSi, CeCneTSi, haitSi, peruSi, somalSi, siera leoneSi,<br />
aRmosavleT da dasavleT timorSi da msoflios sxva konfliqtis zonebSi.<br />
raRac momentSi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas mouxdeba mcire zomis<br />
specialuri saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis tribunalebis alternatiuli<br />
gzebis gamonaxva – rogoricaa iugoslaviaSi da ruandaSi. Tumca es<br />
tribunalebi sasargeblo da saWiroa, magram amave dros aSkarad<br />
araadeqvaturi da arasakmarisia qalebis uflebebis dacvisaTvis.<br />
evropis sabWos saparlamento asamblea<br />
428 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
“sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom gaupatiurebis saomar danaSaulad gamocxadebis miuxedavad is kvlav inarCunebs<br />
sistematur xasiaTs – da aseTad rCeboda bolo konfliqtebis dros (kosovosa da CeCneTSi) – rogorc<br />
saomari iaraRi, romelic iwvevs ara mxolod fsiqologiur tramvas, aramed arasasurvel orsulobasac”. 28<br />
? ra unda gakeTdes qalebisa da gogonebis mimarT Zaladobis<br />
aRmofxvrisaTvis?<br />
arsebuli adamianis uflebebaTa saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumenetebi<br />
mas Semdeg, rac gaerom Caatara qalebisadmi miZRvnili I saerTaSoriso<br />
konferencia (qalaq meqsikoSi, meqsika, 1975 w.) mniSvnelovani progresi<br />
SeiniSneba qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis miRwevis sferoSi.<br />
gaeros qalTa ganviTarebis fondi Seiqmna 1976 wels am sferoSi siaxlisa<br />
da cvlilebis dafinansebis mizniT. mas Semdeg man mxari dauWira mraval<br />
proeqts da iniciativas mTel ganviTarebad msoflioSi da amkvidrebda qalTa<br />
politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebis gaZlierebas.<br />
pirveli kanonsavaldebulo saerTaSoriso dokumenti, romelic krZalavda<br />
qalebis mimarT Zaladobas da aiZulebda mTavrobebs gadaedgaT nabiji qalebis<br />
Tanasworobisaken aris konvencia qalebis mimarT yvelanairi formis Zaladobis<br />
aRmofxvris Sesaxeb (“qalTa konvencia”), is miRebul iqna 1979 wels da ZalaSi<br />
Sevida 1981 wels.<br />
konvencia miznad iasaxavs qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvras.<br />
es gansazRvrulia muxli 1-is mixedviT rogorc “nebismieri garCeva, garicxva an<br />
SezRudva sqesobriv safuZvelze romelis mizani an Sedegic aris qalebis<br />
Semcireba an gauqmeba maTi ojaxuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad mamakacebisa da<br />
qalebis Tanasworobis, adamianis uflebebis da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis<br />
safuZvelze politikur, socialur, kulturul, samoqalaqo da nebismier sxva<br />
sferoSi”. saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian waradginon perioduli moxsenebebi<br />
maT mier konvenciis dacvis Sesaxeb.<br />
gasuli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi Seiqmna globaluri moZraoba adamianis<br />
uflebebaTa SezRudvebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, romlebic qalTa uflebebs<br />
ganixilaven rogorc meorexarisxovans sxva uflebebTan SedarebiT.<br />
1999 wels gaeros generalurma asambleam “qalTa konvencias” daumata<br />
gaeros qalTa diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komisiis mier SemuSavebuli arCeviTi<br />
prtokoli. arCeviTi protokoli ZalaSi Sevida 2000 wels. es aris<br />
mniSvnelovani nabiji qalTa uflebebis dacvaSi. is saSualebas aZlevs yvela<br />
qals an jgufs individualurad waradginon braldeba adamianis uflebebis<br />
darRvevis Sesaxeb pirdapir gaeros qalTa diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komisiis<br />
winaSe. es aseve aZlevs komitets saSualebas daiwyos gamoZieba msoflioSi<br />
qalTa uflebebis uxeSi sistematuri darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca<br />
protokolis Zalaufleba SezRudulia radganac ratifikaciis qveynebs aqvT<br />
ufleba uari uTxran komitets awarmoos gamoZieba qalTa uflebebis<br />
darRvevebis Sesaxeb maT teritoriaze.<br />
evrosabWos SemadgenlobaSi qalebisa da mamakacebis Tanasworoba ganixileba<br />
rogorc adamianis fundamenturi ufleba da masze pasuxismgebloba ekisreba<br />
qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis damamkvidrebel komisias. es aris<br />
mTavrobaTaSorisi organo sabWos SemadgenlobaSi romelic axorcielebs<br />
analizs, kvlevebs da Sefasebas, gansazRvravs strategies da politikur<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
`adamianis uflebebis<br />
uTanasworoba da Seusabamoba<br />
qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris<br />
miuRebelia WeSmariti<br />
demokratiis<br />
principebisaTvis~<br />
evrosabWos saparlamento<br />
asamblea, rezolucia 1216<br />
(2000)<br />
mTavari problema aris<br />
uTanasworobis gamoyenebuli<br />
ganmarteba Zalian viwroa da<br />
is yovelTvis ar<br />
uzrunvelyofs<br />
diskriminaciisgan dacvas.<br />
meore problema aris is<br />
faqti, rom qalebs<br />
tradiciulad uwevT muSaoba<br />
am sakiTxebze sazogadoebis<br />
“ZiriTadi nakadis” gareT.<br />
mesame problema aris is, rom<br />
qalebs susti pozicia aqvT<br />
gadawyvetilebis mimReb<br />
struqturebSi umetes<br />
qveynebSi. 29<br />
429
RonisZiebebs da sadac saWiroa Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas saTanado<br />
samarTlebrivi instrumentebis Sesaxeb.<br />
1995 wlis qalTa meoTxe saerTaSoriso konferenciam, romelic Catarda<br />
pekinSi, CineTSi erTad Sekriba TiTqmis 47000 qali da mamakaci da dReisaTvis<br />
is aris samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis udidesi Sekreba gaeros<br />
nebismier konferenciaze. am istoriuli movlenis dros 89 qveyanam erTxmad<br />
miiRo pekinis deklaracia da moqmedebis gegma. erovnuli mTavrobebma sakuTar<br />
Tavze aiRes genderuli Tanasworobis damkvidreba da misi Setana yvela<br />
samTavrobo politikis da programis formulirebaSi. maT gamoyves Semdegi 12<br />
saerTo kritikuli problematuri sfero: siRaribe, ganaTleba, treiningi,<br />
janmrTeloba, qalebis mimarT Zaladoba, SeiraRebuli konfliqtebi, ekonomika,<br />
Zalaufleba, gadawyvetilebis miReba, institucionaluri meqanizmebi genderuli<br />
TanasworobisaTvis, adamianis uflebebi, media, garemo, da axalgazrda gogonebi.<br />
ganaTleba ... gadawyvetileba<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovani nabiji iqneboda uflebebis aRiarebidan uflebebis<br />
damkvidrebaze gadasvla. yvela adamianis uflebebis maswavlebelma unda<br />
gaiTvaliswinon adamianis uflebebis delikaturi buneba, pativi scen qalebis<br />
moTxovnilebebisa da reaqciebis individualur gansxvavebebs. amgvari ganwyobis<br />
gareSe adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTleba SeiZleba ubralod gaxdes<br />
manipulaciis an qalTa Cagvris kidev erTi forma. ganaTleba aris genderuli<br />
Tanasworobis damkvidrebis ZiriTadi saSualeba radganac is avrcelebs normebs,<br />
codnas da unarCvevebs.<br />
“genderuli Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZola da genderuli Tanasoworobis<br />
damkvidreba Tavidanve moiTxovs ganaTlebas da sazogadoebis yvela seqtoris<br />
gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda qalebis da mamakacebis da umciresobaTa jgufebis<br />
aqtiur monawileobas” 30<br />
? rogorc maswavlebeli an axalgazrduli lideri akeTebT Tu<br />
ara aqcents genderul sakiTxebze axalgazrdebTan muSaobsi<br />
dros?<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
Conell, R.W., Gender an Power, Stanford University Press<br />
Mertus, J., Flowers, N., Dutt, M, Local Action, global change, UNIFEM am Center for Women’s Global Leadership,<br />
1999<br />
Williams, s., and athers, The Oxfam gender training manual, Oxfam Publication, 1994<br />
Ramberg, I. Violence against young women in Europe, seminar report, Council of Europe. 2001<br />
zogierTi saintereso vebgverdi qalTa sakiTxebis Sesaxeb<br />
OECD-DAC Gender, www.oecd.org/dac/gender<br />
United Nations Educational, Scientific an Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), (ganaTlebis mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />
gaeros organizacia ) www.Unesco.org/gender<br />
United Nations Statistics Division Gender Statistics, (gaeros statistikis ganyofileba, genderuli statistikis<br />
qveganyofileba) www.un.org/depts/unsd/gender<br />
United Nations Development Fund for Women, (gaeros qalTa ganviTarebis fondi) (UNIFEM), www.undp.org/unifem<br />
Women Watch, www.un.org/womenwatch<br />
European Women’s Lobby (EWL) www.womenlobby.org<br />
Women Against Violence in Europe (Wave network) www.wave-network.org<br />
Men Against Violence Against Women (MAVAW) http://menagainstviolence.tripod.com<br />
Young Women from Minorities (WFM) www.wfmonline.org<br />
globalizacia<br />
430 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Cveni samyaro TandaTan erTi didi bazari xdeba. zogi imasac ambobs, rom<br />
is did soflad iqca.<br />
Cven yvela vlaparakobT globalizaciaze magram viciT ras<br />
niSnavs es zustad?<br />
globalizacia niSnavs process, romelic xasiaTdeba:<br />
1. telekomunikaciebis da sainformacio teqnologiebis gavrcelebiT<br />
2. erovnuli barierebis Semcireba vaWrobisa da investiciebisaTvis.<br />
3. kapitalis dinebis gazrda da finasuri bazrebis urTierTdamokidebuleba.<br />
namdvilad, globalizacia zrdis adamianebis mobilurobas Tumca<br />
migraciis kontroli ufro metad aris gaZleirebuli vidre odesme<br />
(sahaero transporti arasodes yofila aseTi mniSvnelovani msoflios<br />
istoriaSi), globaluri aliansi kompaniebs Soris ufro da ufro<br />
gavrcelebuli xdeba (ix. telekomunikaciebis da sakvebis industriebis<br />
magaliTebi) da SesaZlebeli gaxda kompiuterebis saSualebiT urTierToba<br />
msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveynis adamianebs Soris. da bolos,<br />
bolodroindelma finansurma katastrofebma laTinur amerikasa da aziaSi<br />
naTlad aCvena mzardi finansuri da ekonomikuri urTierTdamokidebuleba.<br />
da ra aris globalizaciis mTavari problemebi?<br />
arsebobs didi winaaRmdegoba globalizaciis arsebuli da potenciuri<br />
Sedegebis Sesaxeb. Cven winaSea bevri dilema da bevr SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
arsebobs raime erTmniSvnelovani pasuxi. misi uaryofiTi gavleniT<br />
SeSfoTebuli uamravi seqtori da individi rogoric aris adamianis<br />
uflebaTa aqtivistebi, mecnierebi, ekonomistebi, mkvlevarebi da<br />
sociologebi gamoyofen zogierT Semdeg sakiTxs rogorc ZiriTad<br />
problemas:<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� brZola simdidrisa da<br />
ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
� frTxilad, cven<br />
yvelafers vxedavT<br />
� internetis gavlena<br />
� yvela gansxvavebuli _<br />
yvela Tanaswori<br />
� globalizaciis<br />
terminologiuri<br />
leqsikoni<br />
� siRaribis horoskopi<br />
� wamlebis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba<br />
� aSikis ambavi<br />
� erTi wuTiT!<br />
� ganaTleba yvelasaTvis<br />
� pirveli gverdi<br />
� sicocxlis qseli<br />
431
samarTliani vaWrobis<br />
moZraoba<br />
apirebs markireba gaukeTos<br />
im produqcias da saqonels,<br />
romelic damzadebulia<br />
socialuri praqtikis da<br />
adamianis uflebebis dacviT.<br />
amgvarad momxmareblebs,<br />
romlebic dainteresebuli<br />
arian amgvari sakiTxebiT aqvT<br />
SesaZlebloba gamoxaton<br />
sakuTari azri msyidvelobiTi<br />
unaris gamoyenebis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
1. saxelwifo suverenitetis Semcireba: sadac mTavrobebs ufrodaufro<br />
naklebi kontroli aqvT ZiriTad gadawyvetilebeze rac gavlenas<br />
axdens maT ekonomikaze da Sesabamisad maTi xalxis keTildReobaze,<br />
uZlieres transnacionalur kompaniebs, mTavrobaTaSoris<br />
struqturebs da kerZo finansur institutebs aqvT mzardi<br />
Zalaufleba da tendencia imoqmedon igseve rogorc mTavrobebi.<br />
amitomac amboben, rom saxelmwifoebis suvereniteti mniSvnelovnad<br />
Semcirda da maTi tradiciuli rolebi xelaxla ganisazRvreba.<br />
2. “ekonomikuri aqcentireba”: ekonomikuri mosazrebebi dominirebs<br />
politikur da socialur interesebze. ramdenadac kerZo kompaniebi<br />
da mTavrobaTaSorisi saerTaSoriso da regionaluri organizaciebi<br />
TandaTan ufro da ufro did rols asruleben qveynebis marTvaSi<br />
da msoflio saqmeebSi arsebobs riski, rom ekonomikuri da<br />
finansuri aspeqtebi wamyvani gaxdeba rogorc am organizaciebis<br />
erTaderTi sazrunavi da sxva mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi _ socialuri,<br />
janmrTelobis da ekologiuri dakavSirebuli fundamenturi<br />
sakiTxebi ignorirebuli iqneba.<br />
3. gamWirvalobisa da pasuxismgeblobis nakleboba: mTavrobebi,<br />
sazogadoebrivi institutebi, erovnuli sabanko sistema, da a.S.<br />
romlebic tradiciulad pasuxs ageben maTi qveynebis da xalxis<br />
momavalze zogiert semTxvevaSi aRmoaCenen, rom es pasuxismgebloba<br />
maT warTmeuli aqvT. maTi bevri qmedeba da gadawyvetileba<br />
kontrolirdeba radganac isini demokratiuli principebis mixedviT<br />
angariSs abareeben amomrcevlebs, magram es ar exeba<br />
transnacionalur korporaciebs da saerTaSoriso da regionalur<br />
organizaciebs. mag. adamianis uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi<br />
TiTqmis SeuZlebelia maTi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dayeneba da<br />
maTi qmedebebis monitoringi. ufro metic am SemTxvevaTagan<br />
umravlesobaSi gamoTqmuli iyo SeSfoTeba arsebuli<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis meqanizmebis gamWirvalobis naklebobis<br />
gamo. mag. zogierT SemTxvevaSi msoflio vaWrobis organizaciaSi<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeba daxuruli karis miRma mravalmxrivi<br />
araoficialuri da oficialuri molaparakebebis rTuli procesebis<br />
gavlis Semdeg.<br />
4. “rbola qvemoT”: vaWrobis liberalizaciis erT-erTi konkretuli<br />
Strixi aris is, rom transnacionaluri kompaniebSi SeiniSneba<br />
relokaciis tendencia im qveynebSi, romlebic sTavazoben ukeTes<br />
privilegiebs, rac praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT niSnavs muSaxelis<br />
dabal xelfass, naklebad mkacr Sromis kanonmdeblobas, ufro<br />
moqnil samuSao pirobebs, ararsebul an praqtikaSi gamouyenebel<br />
ekologiur kanonmdeblobas, ufro dabal gadasaxadebs, da iseTi<br />
socialuri xarjebis Semcirebas rogoricaa umuSevrobis,<br />
janmrTelobis da a.S. dazRveva. am pirobebSi advilia mixvide<br />
daskvnamde, rom am praqtikis Sedegad adamianis uflebebi irRveva. es<br />
exeba gansakuTrebiT, magram ara eqskluziurad, muSaxelis<br />
ekonomikur da socialur uflebebs maspinZel qveyanaSi, romlebic<br />
rTul socialur da ekonomikur pirobebSi imyofebian da saWiroeben<br />
432 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
ucxour investiciebs raTa moaxerxon TavianTi Seryeuli ekonomikis<br />
aRdgena.<br />
5. homogenizacia: amtkiceben, rom mxolod erT integrirebul<br />
sazogadoebaSi cxovreba qcevis standartizirebuli socialuri da<br />
kulturuli modelebiT gvaiZulebs vWamoT erTidaigive sakvebi,<br />
vusminoT erTsa da imave musikas an vuyuroT igive filmebs sadac<br />
ar unda vcxovrobdeT da ra erovnebisac ar unda viyoT. es<br />
situacia daakargvinebs TviTmyofadobas TiToeul qveyanas da<br />
daaRRvevs adamianis uflebebs sakuTar kulturaze.<br />
am konteqstSi momxmarebelTa boikoti zogjer warmatebulia<br />
araeTikuri da ukanono biznesis koreqtirebis TvalsazrisiT. amsaTanave<br />
zogierTi kompania da organizacia cdilobs SeimuSaos biznes strategia,<br />
romelic gadaWris globalizaciis problemebs.<br />
ufro konkretulad, rac Seexeba zogierT samTavrobaTaSoriso<br />
saerTaSoriso da regionalur institutebs, romlebic amkvidreben<br />
vaWrobis liberalizacias aris:<br />
� vaWrobis msoflio organizacia<br />
� saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi<br />
� msoflio banki<br />
� msoflio ekonomikuri forumi. (kerZo organizacia, romelic<br />
aerTianebs 2000 yvelaze warmatebul kompanias msoflioSi. isini<br />
yovelwliurad ikribebian q. davosSi, SveicariaSi.)<br />
� regionaluri savaWro blokebi rogoricaa evrokavSiri, CrdiloeT<br />
amerikis Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekruleba da azia wynari okeanis<br />
ekonomikuri TanamSromloba.<br />
? iciT saidan aris tansacmeli romelic gacviaT an sakvebi<br />
romelsac miirTmevT?<br />
adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaracia, ekonomikuri,<br />
sociluri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti, evropis<br />
socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli varianti, iseve rogorc muSaTaA<br />
fundamenturi socialuri uflebebis sazogadoebrivi qartia da<br />
evrokavSiris fundamenturi uflebebis qartia (Tumca es ukanaskneli jer<br />
ar aris kanonsavaldebulo) aris zogierTi is saerTaSoriso da<br />
regionaluri dokumenti, romlebic praqtikulad aqtualuria<br />
globalizaciis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom gaeros adamianis<br />
uflebebis dacvis da damkvidrebis qvekomisiam da aseve umciresobaTa<br />
dacvisa da diskriminaciis prevenciis qvekomisiam miiRes rezoluciebi<br />
adamianis uflebebis da globalizaciis Sesaxeb, pirvelma vaWrobis<br />
liberalizaciis da adamianis uflebebze misi gavlenis Sesaxeb (rezolucia<br />
1993/30) da meorem adamianis uflebebis rogorc vaWrobis, investiciebis da<br />
finasuri politikis umTavresi miznis Sesaxeb (rezolucia 1998/12).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacvisa da damkvidrebis<br />
qvekomiteti moiTxovs yvela<br />
mTavrobisa da ekonomikuri<br />
politikis forumisagan<br />
srulad gaiTvaliswinon<br />
saerTaSoriso adamianis<br />
uflebebis valdebulebebi<br />
da principebi saerTaSoriso<br />
ekonomikuri politikis<br />
formulirebis dros.<br />
433
“solidaroba _ xalxTa<br />
saTnoebaa”<br />
Eernesto kardenali<br />
globalizaciis zogierTi sxva savaraudo pozitiuri<br />
aspeqtebi<br />
1. moqalaqeobis xelaxla gansazRvra: yalibdeba moqalaqeobis axali<br />
ganzomileba, romelsac globaluri moqalaqeoba ewodeba. is<br />
erwymis moqalaqeobis tradiciul gagebas, romelic dakavSirebulia<br />
politikuri da samarTlebrivi uflebebis gamoyenebasTan da iseT<br />
valdebulebeTan rogoricaa xmis micema. namdvilad, imisaTvis, rom<br />
iyo msoflio moqalaqe DdRes niSnavs iyo ufro kritikuli imis<br />
mimarT Tu ras movixmarT da ra pirobebSi mzaddeba produqcia da<br />
iyo gacnobili globalur sakiTxebs rogoricaa siRaribe, romelic<br />
gavlenas axdens msoflioze, Zaladobaze an ekologiur problemebze.<br />
amasTanave, zogi amtkicebs, rom socialuri da kulturuli<br />
globalizacias aqvs homogenobis sapirispiro mniSvneloba. da<br />
urTiertqmedebis procesis Sedegad Camoyalibdeba axali wes-<br />
Cveulebebi da Taviseburebebi.<br />
2. mobilurobisa da ufro swrafi komunikaciis gazrda: miuxedavad<br />
Raribebsa da SeZlebulebs Soris aSkara teqnologiuri ufskrulis<br />
zrdisa, romelic globalizaciis erT-erTi udidesi naklia,<br />
sazRvrebis gaxsnis, internetis da sxva teqnologiebis ganviTarebis<br />
erT-erTi dadebiTi Sedegi aris is, rom TandaTan advili gaxda<br />
erTi qveynidan meoreSi mogzauroba an mTel msoflioSi xalxTan<br />
komunikacia. es gvaZlevs saSualebas viswavloT erTmaneTisgan da<br />
sxva kulturebisgan da gavuziaroT erTmaneTs azri, imedia amis<br />
Sedegad ufro Semwynarebeli gavxdebiT da ufro davafasebT sxva<br />
adamianebs<br />
3. sazRvrebis TandaTanobiT gaxsna: xeli unda Seuwyos adamianis<br />
uflebebis damcveli transnacionaluri da regionaluri<br />
samarTlebrivi sistemis Seqmnas da ganviTarebas rasac SeuZlia<br />
adamianis uflebebis darRveevbis gamosworeba.<br />
antiglobalizaciuri moZraoba<br />
finansuri da ekonomikuri globalizaciaze pasuxad globalizaciis<br />
uaryofiTi SedegebiT SeSfoTebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani<br />
seqtorebi awyoben msoflio moZraobas raTa daamkvidron rogorc Tavad<br />
uwodeben globalizaciis humanizacia. es saerTaSoriso moZraobis<br />
sazogadoeba, romelsac “anti-globalizaciur” moZraobas eZaxian aerTianebs<br />
profkavSirebs, garemos damcav arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, politikosebs,<br />
adamianis uflebebaTa aqtivistebs, mecnierebs, qalTa organizaciebs da a.S.<br />
mokled organizaciebis da individebis did speqtrs, romlebic<br />
dainteresebuli arian ufro obieqturi msoflios aSenebiT, romelic maTi<br />
mtkicebiT ar SeiZleba arsebobdes rodesac neo-liberalizmi, deregulacia<br />
da privatizacia aris ekonomikuri globalizaciis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli.<br />
isini mouwodeben ufro adamianuri globalizaciisaken. zogierTma am jgufma<br />
arCia maTi uTanxmoebis demonstrireba did saproteso aqciebSi<br />
monawileobis saSualebiT didi Svideuli +1 is da sxva organizaciebis mier<br />
mowyobili Sexvedrebis dros, romlebic mxars uWerdnen am fenomens.<br />
samwuxarod, yvelaze aSkara mxare aseTi movlenebis dros iyo agresiuli<br />
434 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
incidentebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia didi materialuri zarali. es moZraoba<br />
TandaTan ufro organizebuli xdeba. davosSi, SveicariaSi mimdinare<br />
msoflio ekonomikuri forumis “paralelurad” msoflio socialuri<br />
forumi Seikriba porto alegreSi, braziliaSi da aTasobiT samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis delegats misca saSualeba gaeanalizebinaT globalizaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da maTi Sedegebi da SeeswavlaT alternativebi.<br />
lozungiT “sxvanairi msoflio SesaZlebelia” uamravi mniSvnelovani<br />
problemidan, romelTa garSemo mimdinareobda msjeloba iyo msoflio<br />
savaWro organizaciis reformirebis procesis, adamianis uflebebis dacvis<br />
(gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri uflebebis) da<br />
mesame msoflios valebisgan gaTavisuflebis sakiTxebi.<br />
daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia moviyvanoT citataqsavie godinos<br />
gamonaTqvamidan: “globalizacia aris rogorc koleqtiuri gamowveva, aseve<br />
mowodeba TiToeuli CvenganisaTvis raTa vipovoT msoflio moqalaqed<br />
yofnis axali gzebi”.<br />
globalizaciis sakiTxebze momuSave zogierTi<br />
arasamTavrobo organizacia da instituti:<br />
Oxfam, www.oxfam.org<br />
Federation Inernational des Droits de l’Homme, www.fidh.org<br />
International Forum on Globalisatiion, www.ifg.org<br />
Third World Network, www.townside.org.sg<br />
L’observatoire de la Mondilaisation, http://terresacree.org/obsmandi.htm<br />
ATTAC, www.attac.org<br />
World Social Forume, www.forumsocialmundial.orgbr<br />
? icnobT raime sxva organizacias an individs Tqveni qveynidan,<br />
romelic SeiZleba daematos am sias?<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
Birzea, C., Education for democratic citizenship: A lifelong learning perspective, Council for Cultural Co-operation,<br />
Strasburg, june 200,p.8-11<br />
Leary, V., “Globalisation and Human Rights”, New Dimentions and Challenges, UNESCO, Paris, 1998, pp.165-176<br />
“Mondialisation et droits de l’homme”, La Lettre, No.28, Federation International des Droits de l’Homme, Paris,<br />
1999<br />
“Mondialisation et pauvrete”, Revue QUART MONDE, No.175, Edition Quart Monde, Paris 2000<br />
Oloca-Onyango, J., Undagama, D., Human rights as the primary objective if internationa trade, investment and<br />
finance policy and practice. Working paper submitted in accordance with Sub-Commission resolution 1998/12”.<br />
Unated Nations, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1999/11.1999<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
435
“aravin ibadeba karg<br />
moqalaqed, arc erTi eri ar<br />
ibadeba demokratiulad.<br />
aramed orive aris procesi,<br />
romelic mTeli cxovrebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba.<br />
axalgazrdebi am procesSi<br />
CarTuli unda iyvnen<br />
dabadebidves” 7<br />
kofi anani<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� amoirCie<br />
� vuyaroT Tu ara<br />
kenWi?<br />
� molaparakebebi<br />
profkavSirebTan<br />
� TanamSromlobis<br />
kvanZebi<br />
demokratia<br />
demokratia aRwers adamianTa jgufisaTvis wesebis Seqmnis sistemas. is<br />
modis berZnuli sityvidan „demos“ – rac xalxs niSnavs da kratos – niSnavs<br />
Zalauflebas. Sesabamisad, demokratia xSirad ganisazRvreba rogorc<br />
„xalxis mmarTveloba“; sxva sityvebiT, es aris wesebis sistema, romelic<br />
Seqmna xalxma da romelic xalxmave unda daicvas. SeuZlia aseT sistemas<br />
arseboba da SeiZleba iyos is kargi gza gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad?<br />
ratom daibada aseTi idea Tavidanve da ratom iTvleba dRes, yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi bevri adamianis da qveynis mier, erTaderT sistemad, romelic<br />
Cveni yuradRebis Rirsia? namdvilad aqvs azri mmarTvelbaSi yvelas<br />
monawileobas?<br />
ratom demokratia?<br />
arsebobs 2 fundamenturi principi, romelic safuZvlad udevs<br />
demokratiis ideas da xels uwyobs misi mowodebis ganmartebas:<br />
1. pirovnuli damoukideblobis principi: aravin ar unda daemorCilos<br />
sxvis mier Tavsmoxveul wesebs<br />
2. Tanasworobis principi: yvelas unda hqondes Tanabari SesaZlebloba<br />
gavlena moaxdinos gadawyvetilebeze, romlebic exeba sazogadoebis<br />
wevrebs.<br />
intiutiurad orive es principi yvelasaTvis momxibvlelelia da<br />
mmarTvelobis demokratiuli sistema aris erTaderTi, romelic Teoriulad<br />
mainc orives fundamenturad Tvlis. sxva sistemebi rogoricaa oligarqia,<br />
plutokratia an diqtatura, Cveulebriv orive princips arRvevs: isini<br />
Zalauflebas aniWeben sazogadoebis garkveul (mudmiv) seqtors da Semdeg<br />
es xalxi Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas danarCeni mosaxleobis saxeliT. aseT<br />
SemTxvevebSi arc Tanasworoba arc individualuri avtonomia ar aris<br />
dafasebuli.<br />
zemoT xsenebuli 2 principi uzrunvelyofs demokratiis zneobriv<br />
gamarTlebas da Cven SegviZlia davinaxoT rom, faqtobrivad orive aris<br />
ZiriTadi adamianis uflebaTa principebi. magram aseve arsebobs pragmatuli<br />
436 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
mizezebi, romelTa saSualebiTac xSirad amtkiceben mmarTvelobis<br />
demokratiuli sistemis upiratesobas sxva sistemebTan SedarebiT.<br />
1. xSirad acxadeben rom demokratiulis sistema mmarTvelobis ufro<br />
efeqtur formas warmoadgens, radganac ufro didi Sansia rom<br />
xalxma pativi sces maT mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs. xalxi<br />
Cveulebisamebr ar arRvevs maT „sakuTar“ wesebs.<br />
2. mosaxleobis mier aRirebac aseve ufro dasaSvebia, radganac<br />
gadawyvetilebebi miRebulia konsensusis miRwevis Sedegad<br />
sxvadasxva fraqciebs Soris; wesebi ar iqneba realisturi Tu isini<br />
miuRebelia mosaxleobis didi nawilisaTvis. amdenad arsebobs<br />
Sinagani kontroli imaze, Tu ra kanonebi unda ganixilos<br />
demokratiulad arCeulma xelisuflebam.<br />
3. aseve igusxmeba, rom demokratiuli sistema aaqtiurebs iniciativas<br />
da amdenad ufro metad pasuxobs cvalebad pirobebs principiT „ori<br />
Tavi ukeTesia vidre erTi“.<br />
? gaqvT raime "mesakuTreobis“ SegrZneba Tqveni qveynis wesebis<br />
mimarT? ra SeiZleba iyos amis mizezi?<br />
kargi Teoria..<br />
praqtikaSi ra Tqma unda ar unda moelode, rom sazogadoebis yvela<br />
wevri wvlils Seitans wesebis Seqmnis procesSi da yvela arc moindomebs.<br />
amitomac bevri qveyana iyenebs sistemas sadac moqalaqeebi niSnaven<br />
warmomadgenlebs maTi saxeliT gadawyvetilebis misaRebad: es ufro<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiaa vidre pirdapiri. yvela moqalaqes<br />
Teoriulad aqvs Tanabari SesaZlebloba airCios pirovneba, romelic maTi<br />
azriT saukeTesod warmoadgens maT interesebs. am gziT Tanasworobis<br />
principi daculia.<br />
es yovelTvis ase ar xdeboda: demokratiis dabadebis dros antikur<br />
saberZneTSi qalebs da monebs ar hqondaT xmis micemis ufleba da ra Tqma<br />
unda arc bavSvebs. dRes msoflios qveynebis umravlesobaSi qalebs aqvT<br />
xmis micemis ufleba magram es SedarebiT gvian iqna miRweuli.<br />
arsebobs sazogadoebis sxva seqtorebic, romlebic Cveulebriv moicavs<br />
imigrantebs, patimrebs, bavSvebs, romlebsac ara qvT xmis micemis ufleba<br />
miuxedavad imisa rom isini valdebuli arian daemorCilon qveynis<br />
kanonmdeblobas.<br />
? SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos sazogadoebis garkveuli<br />
seqtorebis gamoricxva demokratiuli procesebidan?<br />
kontroli kanonSemoqmedebiT procesze<br />
Tu Tanasworobis principi dRes metnaklebad daculia yovelSemTxvevaSi<br />
xmis micemis uflebas rac Seexeba, rogor moqmedebs pirveli –<br />
damoukideblobis principi arsebul demokratiaSi? ramdenad grZnoben<br />
individebi am sazogadoebaSi raime „mikuTvnebas“ kanonebis mimarT, romelic<br />
maTi warmomadgenlebis mier aris Seqmnili? aq pasuxi naklebad<br />
optimisturia. diax, adamianebis umetesoba msolfio demokratiuli<br />
sistemebis umetesobaSi acxadebs, rom am qveynis kanonebi „Tavs moxveulia“<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“erTi amomrCevlis xma ufro<br />
Zlieria vidre tyvia”.<br />
abraam linkolni<br />
437
“ori komplimenti<br />
demokratias: erTi imitom,<br />
rom is aRiarebs<br />
mravalferovnebas da 2<br />
imitom, rom is dasaSvebad<br />
miiCnevs kritikas. 2<br />
komplimenti sakmarisia,<br />
radganac mesamisTvis sababi<br />
ar arsebobs”<br />
e.m. forsteri<br />
“xalxis neba unda iyos<br />
samTavrobo xelisuflebis<br />
safuZveli; es neba unda<br />
gamoixatos periodul da<br />
gauyalbebel arCevnebSi<br />
sayovelTao da Tanaswori<br />
xmis micemis gziT faruli<br />
kenWisyriT an misi<br />
eqvivalenturi Tavisufali<br />
xmis micemis procedurebiT”<br />
muxli 21, paragrafi iii,<br />
adamianis uflebebis<br />
sayivelTao deklaracia<br />
438<br />
mmarTvelebis mier, romlebic ar warmoadgenen maT interesebs. anu pirveli<br />
principi ugulvebelyofilia?<br />
? aris SesaZlebeli warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiis pirobebSi<br />
xalxs hqondes realuri Zalaufleba im gadawyvetilebebze, romelic<br />
maTi saxeliT miiReba?<br />
arsebobs mTeli rigi mosazrebebi, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom xalxs aqvs garkveuli kontroli kanonSemoqmedebiT procesze<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiis pirobebSi. isev da isev Cven ganvixilavT<br />
idealur models, Tumca es zustad ar asaxavs bevr qveyanaSi arsebul<br />
politikur situacias. yovel SemTxvevaSi is gvexmareba problemuri<br />
sferoebis gansazRvraSi da gvTavazobs maTi gadaWris gzebs.<br />
1. moqalaqeebi gavlenas axdenen kanonSemoqmedebiT procesze, radganac<br />
isini irCeven warmomadgenlebs, romlebic qmnian am kanonebs:<br />
Teoriulad, arCevnebis dros moqalaqeebi akeTeben arCevans maTi<br />
interesebis sxvadasxva warmoamdgenlebs Soris. amdenad, maT<br />
SeuZliaT airCion pirovneba, romelic sTavazobs maT intersebTan<br />
yvelaze axlos mdgom programas.<br />
2. politikosebi unda iyvnen Tavidan arCeuli. arCevnebs Soris<br />
periodSi kanonSemqmnelebi gaacnobiereben, rom maT Seafaseben<br />
Semdegi arCevnebis dros maTi saqmianobis mixedviT da Sesabamisad ar<br />
unda gamoscen kanonebi, romlebic aSkarad miuRebeli iqneba<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis. es aris taqtikuri kontrolis forma.<br />
3. principSi arsebobs uamravi SesaZlebloba moqalaqeebisTvis<br />
aqtiurad gamoxaton TavianTi ukmayofileba konkretuli politikis<br />
an kanonis mimarT da amgvarad Seatyobinon maT warmomadgenlebs<br />
maTi problemebis Sesaxeb.<br />
4. agreTve Teoriulad arsebobs SesaZleblobebi moqalaqeobisTvis<br />
moaxdinon ufro dadebiTi gavlena sakanonmdeblo procesebze<br />
politikur warmomadgenlebTan konsultaciebSi CarTvis gziT an<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis an sxva zewolis jgufebis da<br />
sakonsultacio organoebis meSveobiT.<br />
5. sabolood yvela individs SeuZlia kenWi iyaros arCevnebSi Tu<br />
fiqroben, rom arc erTi kandidati ar warmoadgens mis interesebs.<br />
Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebi – miznis miRwevis<br />
saSualeba<br />
arCevnebi aris kanonSemqmnelebze kontrolis ganxorcielebis saSauleba<br />
da amomrCevlebi axorcieleben kontrols yovel SemTxvevaSi Teoriulad,<br />
raTa aiZulon an ukidures SemTxvevaSi gaacnobieron mainc ucilebloba<br />
axsovdeT TavianTi eleqtorati yvela saqmeSi rasac akeTeben. aseTi meTodi<br />
aSkarad moiTxovs samarTlian arcevnebs da aseve Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom<br />
politikosebs sjerodeT rom maT pasuxs mosTxovs eleqtorati Tuki isini<br />
ver moaxerxeben maTi interesebis warmodgenas. arc erTi politikosi ar<br />
igrZnobda valdebulebas waredgina sakuTari interesebisagan gansxvavebuli<br />
interesebi, eleqtoratis mier dasjis safrTxes rom ar grZnobdes.<br />
sistemis efeqturoba damokidebulia am rwmenaze da Sesabamisad<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
damokidebulia eleqtoratze, romelic iyenebs am sanqcias drodadro an<br />
yovel SemTxvevaSi Cans mzad amis gasakeTeblad.<br />
amdenad „arCevnebi“ SeiZleba sakmaod advilad iqnas CarTuli<br />
politikur sistemaSi, magram is avtomaturad ar iqceva WeSmarit<br />
demokratiad. struqturuli arCevnebs wvlili Seaqvs mxolod im<br />
demokratiul sistemaSi, sadac eleqtorati iyenebs uflebas maTi<br />
warmomadgenlebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dasayeneblad. maRali saarCevno<br />
idiferentuloba demokratiuli qveynebis umravlesoabSi 21-e saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi safrTxes uqmnis kontrolis am sistemis efeqturobas.<br />
is aseve kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs e.w. demokratiulad arCeuli<br />
mTavrobis legitimurobas, romlebic zogierT SemTxvevaSi faqtobrivad<br />
mTliani eleqtoratis umciresobis mier arian arCeuli.<br />
arCevnebi da indiferentuloba<br />
„stokholmi, 17 maisi amomrCevelTa indiferentulobam gaaufasura saamis – SvedeTis adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleoba, romelic dakavebuli meirmeobiT _ pirveli erovnuli parlamentis arCevnebis Semdeg<br />
gamarTuli dResaswauli. kviras daniSnul sainauguracio arCevnebze mosuli xalxis raodenoba mcire iyo<br />
– 12000 monawileobis uflebis mqone adamianidan mxolod 50% gamocxadda saarCevno ubnebSi“.<br />
interpresis mesame msoflios axali ambebis saagento. 1993.<br />
„qalaq vladivostokSi 17 dekembrisaTvis daniSnuli dumas arCevnebi dabrkolebebis winaSe dgas radganac 12<br />
kandidatma moxsna Tavis kandidadura wina arCevnebSi amomrCevlebis gamoucxadeblobis gamo.“ Vladivostok<br />
Daily, 29 noemberi 2000 w.<br />
„Tumca arCevnebis Sedegebi gamoxatavs marcxniv gadaxras, rac ufro damaxasiaTebelia politikuri<br />
atmosferosaTvis rumineTSi aris amomrCevelTa raodenoba, romlebic ar gamocxaddnen arCevnebze.<br />
arCevnebze mosulTa raodenoba mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi iyo dabali sul raRac 44,5% miiRo<br />
monawileoba 1996 wlis 56,4%-Tan SedarebiT.“ Central Europe Review, 12 ivnisi, 2000<br />
„bolo 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi did britaneTSi arCevnebSi monawileTa raodenoba minimumade davida.<br />
amamrcevelTa mxolod 60%-ma Seiwuxa Tavi arCevnebSi monawileobisaTvis. liverpulis raionSi<br />
riversaidSi arcevnebze mxolod 34,1 % gamocadda. es erT-erTi yvelaze dabali maCvenebelia. gamokiTxvebma<br />
aCvena, rom mosaxleobis yvelaze apaTiurad ganwyobil nawils warmoadgens 18-25 wlamde axalgazrdebi.<br />
BBC, 9 ivnisi, 2001w.<br />
„maSin rodesac 1994 wels slovakeTis saparlamento arCevnebSi monawileTa raodenoba mTlianad 70%<br />
aRemateboda, gamoTvlilia rom 18-25 wlis amomrCevlebis monawileoba iyo 20%-ze dabali“. Rock volieb,<br />
1998<br />
demokratia realur samyaroSi<br />
arsebobs demokratiis imdenive forma ramdenic demokratiuli<br />
saxelmwifo mTel msoflioSi. arc erTi sistema ar aris erTmaneTis<br />
identuri da arc erTi sistema ar SeiZleba aRebul iqnas rogorc<br />
demokratiis modeli. arsebobs saprezidento da saparlamento demokratiebi;<br />
federaluri an konfederaluri an unitaruli demokratiebi. demokratiebi,<br />
romlebic mudmivad iyeneben referendums; demokratiebi, romlebic<br />
gulisxmobs ufro met konsultaciebs an naklebs gareSe organizaciebTan.<br />
demokratiebi, romlebic iyeneben xmis micemis proporciul sistemas da<br />
demokratia romelic iyenebs maJoritarul sistemas – an orives kombinacias<br />
da a.S.<br />
TiToeul am sistemas SeuZlia ganacxados pretenzia demokratiulobaze<br />
ubralod im faqtis gamo, rom isini sul mcire nominalurad dafuZnebulia<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
10 dekemberi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa<br />
dRe<br />
“CrdiloeT irlandiaSi Cven<br />
vmsjelobT uflebaTa axali<br />
kanonis Sesaxeb. me minda am<br />
kanonproeqtSi asaxuli<br />
uflebebi davukavSiro Cveni<br />
klubis axalgazrdebis<br />
cxovrebas”<br />
tara kini, CrdiloeT<br />
irlandiis axalgazrduli<br />
forumi, adamianis uflebebis<br />
sferoSi ganaTlebis<br />
forumis monawile<br />
439
“demokratia agebulia<br />
Teoriaze, romlis<br />
mixdviTac Cveulebrivma<br />
xalxma icis ra surT da aqvs<br />
ufleba miiRos rac surs.”<br />
h.l. menkeni<br />
zemoT CamoTvlil or principze: yvela moqalaqis Tanasworoba da yvela<br />
individis ufleba garkveuli xarisxis pirovnul avtonomiaze. aSkarad<br />
ararealisturia „avtonomia“ gagebul iqnas rogorc individis ufleba<br />
akeTos rac moesurveba. magram yovel SemTxvevaSi sistema moqalaqeebisTvis<br />
Tanabari xmis micemis uflebis saSualebiT aRiarebs, rom TiToeuli<br />
individs SeuZlia sakuTari gadawyvetilebis miReba da uflebamosilia<br />
moiTxovos am gadawyvetilebis mxedvelobaSi miReba. amis Semdeg ukve bevria<br />
damokidebuli individualurad TiToeul moqalaqeze.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, TiTqmis yvela eris mier gakeTebuli ganacxadisa<br />
„Ddemokratiulobis“ Sesaxeb eWvgareSea, rom yvela amJamad arsebuli<br />
demokratiuli sistemas SeuZlia iyos ufro metad demokratiuli vidre<br />
amJamad aris, da es yvela maTgans Wirdeba.<br />
demokratiis problemebi<br />
arsebobs sakmaod sayovelTao SeSfoTeba demokratiis statusis gamo 21<br />
saukunis dasawyisSi. metwilad es gamomdinareobs arCevnebSi moqalaqeTa<br />
dabali monawileobidan, romelic miuTiTebs interesis naklebobaze da<br />
moqalaqeebis mxridan Carevis survilis naklebobaze. es Zirs uTxris<br />
demokratiul procesebs.<br />
Tumca es ueWvelad problemas warmoadgens arsebobs sxva kvlevebi,<br />
romlebic miuTiTeben, rom sxvadasxva formiT monawileoba faqtiurad<br />
izrdeba, mag. zewolis jgufebi, samoqalaqo iniciativebi, sakonsultacio<br />
organoebi da a.S. monawileobis es formebi aris iseTive mniSvnelovani<br />
demokratiis efeqturi funqcionirebisaTvis rogorc amomrCevelTa misvla<br />
arCevnebze Tu ufro mniSvnelovani ara. arCevnebi bolosdabolos aris<br />
arasrulyofili gza xalxis interesebis uzrunvelsayofad. 4 an 5 weli<br />
(intervali arCevnebs Soris) didi droa imis sacdelad, rom daayeno<br />
mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. xalxs ki mokle mexsiereba aqvs.<br />
arsebobs kidev 2 problema, romlebic kidev ufro arTulebs<br />
warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiis ideas. da es exeba umciresobaTa interesebs.<br />
pirveli problema aris is, rom umciresobaTa interesebi xSirad aris<br />
warmodgenili saarCevno sistemis saSualebiT: es SeiZleba moxdes Tu maTi<br />
ricxvi Zalian mcirea raime warmomadgenlobisTvis saWiro minmaluri donis<br />
misaRwevad. an es SeiZleba ufro xSirad moxdes radganac saarCevno sistema<br />
xSirad iyenebs princips: „mogebuls rCeba yvelaferi“. meore problema aris<br />
is, rom maSinac ki Tu isini warmodgenili iqnebian sakanonmdeblo organoSi<br />
maT eyolebaT warmomadgenelTa umciresoba, romelic Sesabamisad ver<br />
SeZlebs saWiro xmebis Segrovebas umravlesobis dasamarcxeblad. am mizezis<br />
gamo demokratias xSirad „umravlesobis mmarTvelobas“ uwodeben.<br />
ar unda gvqondes imedi, rom demokratia TavisTavad gadaWris meore<br />
problemas. SesaniSnavad gvesmis rom – da mravaljer momxdara –<br />
umravlesoba Rebulobs umciresobisaTvis saziano gadawyvetilebas. rac<br />
niSnavs, rom aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamarTlebad ar SeiZleba iqnas miCneuli<br />
„xalxis neba“. umciresobaTa da umravleospbaTa ZiriTadi interesebi<br />
SeiZleba daculi iqnas mxolod adamianis uflebaTa principebTan kavSirSi,<br />
romelic ganmtkicebuli iqneba efeqturi samarTlebrivi meqanizmebiT – rac<br />
ar unda iyos umravlesobis survili.<br />
440 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Cven vibrZviT:<br />
Tavisuflebisa da adamianis uflebebisaTvis, raTa yvela individs, qalsa Tu mamakacs hqondes sruli<br />
politikuri uflebebi klasobrivi, genderuli, kasturi, religiuri an rasobrivi diskriminaciis gareSe.<br />
TanasworobisaTvis da individebs Soris nebismieri formis diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg; socialuri<br />
samarTlianobisaTvis, genderuli TanasworobisaTvis, Tanabari SesaZleblobebisaTvis da codnis Tanabari<br />
xelmisawvdomobisaTvis.<br />
demokratiisaTvis, romelic efuZneba Tavisuflebisa da Tanasworobis principebs da avtoritarizmis,<br />
populizmis, da diqtaturis winaaRmdeg, TviTgamorkvevis, Tavisufklebis, da azris gamoTqmis<br />
uflebisaTvis yvela adamianisaTvis.<br />
sayovelTao solidarobisaTvis, radganac Cven gvjera koleqtiuri qmedebis SesaZleblobisa individebis<br />
gaTavisuflebis mizniT<br />
politikuri gadawyvetilebebisaTvis problemebTan dakavSirebiT, radganac gvjera adamianis unarisa Secvalos<br />
samyaro.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
Beetham, D., Democracy and human rights, Polity Press, 1999<br />
demokratiis saerTaSoriso instituti, www.iidemocracy.coe.int<br />
saparlamentTaSoriso kavSiri, www.ipu.org<br />
Liphart, A., Patterns if democracy, Yale University Press. 1999<br />
sainformacio qseli moqalaqeobisa da demokratiisaTvis evropaSi `poliTea~ (Politeia<br />
network for Citizenship and Democracy in Europe) www.politeia.net<br />
Rock Volieb, Slovakia, www.rickvolieb.sk<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
441
`civilizacia unda Sefasdes<br />
misi damokidebulebis<br />
mixedviT umciresobebis<br />
mimarT~<br />
mahaTma gandi<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� ra alternativebi<br />
gagvaCnia<br />
� yvela Tanaswori _<br />
yvela gansxvavebuli<br />
� gmirebi<br />
� wamlebis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba<br />
� dasuraTebuli TamaSebi.<br />
� inscenireba<br />
� vin varT Cven<br />
� SeiZleba Semovide?<br />
� uari rasizms<br />
� visaubroT seqsze<br />
� gza Tanasworobis<br />
qveynisaken<br />
� samsaxuri da bavSvebi<br />
� gansxvavebuli xelfasebi<br />
� gadadgi nabiji win<br />
� sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
� sakuTari<br />
SesaZleblobebis danaxva<br />
� enobrivi barieri<br />
diskriminacia da qsenofobia<br />
ra aris diskriminacia?<br />
arc adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaracia da arc sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi ar iZlevian „diskriminaciis“ zust ganmartebas,<br />
Tumca ramdenjerme axseneben am termins. saerTaSoriso da regionaluri<br />
adamianis uflebaTa dokumenetebi, romlebic exebian diskriminaciis<br />
specifikur formebs gvTavazoben gansxvavebul ganmartebebs imis da mixedviT<br />
Tu ra saxis diskriminacias exebian.<br />
yvela formis rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb<br />
saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi „rasobrivi dikriminacia“ ganmartebulia<br />
rogorc „nebismieri gansxvaveba, gamoricxva, SezRudva an upiratesobis<br />
miniWeba rasis, kanis feris, warmomavlobis, erovnuli an eTnikuri<br />
warmoSobis safuZvelze, romelic miznad isaxavs an Sedegad moaqvs Tanabari<br />
SesaZleblobebis, adamianis uflebebis da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis<br />
aRiarebis, sargeblobis da gamoyenebis gauqmebas an dabrkolebas politikur,<br />
ekonomikur, socialur an sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nebismier sxva<br />
sferoSi“.<br />
qalebis mimarT diskriminaciis nebismieri formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb<br />
saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi„qalebis mimarT diskriminacia“ ganmartebulia<br />
rogorc „nebismieri gansxvaveba, gamoricxva, SezRudva an upiratesobis<br />
miniWeba sqesis safuZvelze, romelic miznad isaxavs an Sedegad moaqvs<br />
qalebis mier Tanabari SesaZleblobebis, adamianis uflebebis da<br />
fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis aRiarebis, sargeblobis da gamoyenebis<br />
gauqmebas an dabrkolebas politikur, ekonomikur, socialur an<br />
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nebismier sxva sferoSi“.<br />
SegviZlia orive ganmartebaSi gamovyoT Semdegi elementebi:<br />
442 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
adamianis an adamianTa jgufis diskriminaciisaTvis arsebobs garkveuli<br />
safuZveli, mag. „rasa“, an sqess an eTnikuri warmomavloba – is aris<br />
Savkaniania qali, an boSa. diskriminirebuli pirovneba an jgufi, an<br />
pirovneba, romelic dikriminacias eweva Rebulobs zemoT CamoTvlil niSnebs<br />
rogorc problemas. arsebobs qmdebebi romlebic kvalificirdeba rogorc<br />
diskriminacia; es SeiZleba iyos uaryofa (arasasurvelia Savkanian<br />
pirovnebasTan megobroba), SezRudva (geebisaTvis diskotekaze Sesvlis<br />
akrZalva), pirovnebis an jgufis gamoricxva (samsaxurSi qalebis<br />
daqiravebaze uaris Tqma), da a.S. aseve arsebobs Sedegebi, romlebic<br />
SeiZleba iyos diskriminaciuli qmedebebis mizezi. yvelaferma aman SeiZleba<br />
xeli SeuSalos msxverpls adamianis uflebebiT da fundamenturi<br />
TavisuflebebiT sargeblobaSi.<br />
diskriminacia SeiZleba moxdes pirdapiri an arapirdapiri gziT.<br />
pirdapiri diskriminaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia pirovnebis an jgufis<br />
diskriminaciis survili, rogoricaa dasaqmebis samsaxuri, romelic ar<br />
Rebulobs boSebis gancxadebebs an sacxovrebeli saxlebis mflobeli<br />
kompania, romelic ar aqiravebs binebs imigrantebs. „pirdapiri diskriminacia<br />
aris, rodesac erT pirovnebas rasobrivi an eTnikuri warmomavlobis<br />
safuZvelze naklebi pativiscemiT epyrobian, vidre epyrobian an<br />
moepyrobodnen meores analogiur situaciaSi“. 8<br />
pirdapiri diskriminacia dakavSirebulia politikis an garkveuli<br />
RonisZiebebis zemoqmedebasTan. mas adgili aqvs, rodesac TiTqosda<br />
neitraluri debuleba, kriteriumi an praqtika de faqtod ayenebs<br />
pirovnebas an konkretuli umciresobis wevrs sxvebTan SedarebiT<br />
araprivilegirebul mdgomareobaSi. magaliTebisaTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT<br />
moTxovna, romlis mixedviTac arsebobs simaRlis kriteriumebi<br />
mexanZreebisaTvis (amgvarad diskriminacias ganicdis ufro meti qali vidre<br />
mamakaci), univermaRis gancxadeba, romlis mixedviTac samsaxurSi ar<br />
Rebuloben grZelkabian qalebs, samTavrobo ofisi an skolis administracia,<br />
romelic krZalavs pirebis Sesvlas an daswrebas TavsaburaviT. es wesebi<br />
TiTqosda neitraluria, Tumca SesaZloa araprivilegirebul mdgomareobaSi<br />
Caayenos konkretuli umciresobis an konfesiebis wevrebi, romlebic<br />
atareben grZel kabebs an Tavsafrebs.<br />
? gigrZvniaT rodesme Tavi usamarTlod diskriminirebulad?<br />
diskriminacia pirovnebebisa da jgufebis mimarT rasobrivi, religiuri,<br />
sqesobrivi, eTnikuri warmomavlobis, erovnebis an seqsualuri orientaciis<br />
safuZvelze akrZalulia adamianis uflebebis bevri saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumentebiT da erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis mixedviT.<br />
Tumca umciresobebi tradiciulad arian diskriminaciis sagani<br />
miuxedavad imisa, arian Tu ara isini erovnuli, religiuri, kulturuli,<br />
eTnikuri an socialuri umciresoba.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“Cemi cxovrebis manZilze me<br />
Tavi Sevwire afrikeli<br />
xalxebis brZolas. vibrZodi<br />
TeTrkanianTa dominirebis<br />
winaaRmdeg da me vibrZodi<br />
Savkanianebis dominirebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. meSTamagonebda<br />
demokratiuli da<br />
Tavisufali sazogadoebis<br />
idealebi, romelSic yvela<br />
pirovneba cxovrobs<br />
harmoniulad Tanabari<br />
SesaZleblobebiT. es aris<br />
idea, romelisTvisac<br />
vcocxlob da imedi maqvs<br />
mivaRwev. magram Tu saWiroeba<br />
iqneba me mzad var am<br />
idealisTvis movkvde”.<br />
nelson mandela<br />
443
samsaxureobrivi diskriminacia<br />
„ikeas franguli filialis TanamSromels daekisra jarima 4572 evro kompaniis menejerebisaTvis gaweuli<br />
rekomendaciisaTvis ar daeqiravebinaT Savkaniani muSaxeli. braldebul qals da aseve ikeas frangul<br />
filials mouwevT kompensaciis anazRaureba jamSi 15240 evro im sarCelis safuZvelze, romelic<br />
wardgenili iqna 4 profkavSirebis mier „SOS Racisme“ da `Mouvemant contre le Racisme et pour l’Amitie<br />
entre les Peuples“-Tan erTad. TanamSromelma dawera da gaavrcela werili, romelic rekomendacias iZleoda<br />
ar aeyvanaT samuSaod „Savkanianebi“ sareklamo katalogebis sworad ganawilebis zedamxedvelebad“. EFE-s<br />
pres relizi, 2001 w. aprili.<br />
diskriminacia, qsenofobia da<br />
rasizmi aseve farTod aris<br />
gavrcelebuli msoflios<br />
sxva nawilebSi: arsebobs<br />
daaxloebiT 160 milioni<br />
daliTi (xelSeuxebeli)<br />
indoeTSi. kvlevebma aCvena,<br />
rom aSS-Si sikvdiliT<br />
dasjis ganaCenis gamotanis<br />
dros rasa gadamwyveti<br />
faqtoria. ruandaSi 1994<br />
wels 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi<br />
daaxloebiT 1 milioni<br />
adamiani iqna mokluli,<br />
umetesad tutsebi.<br />
farTod gavrcelebuli faruli Tu Ria formis diskriminaciis<br />
uaryofiTma Sedegma zogierTi sazogadoeba miiyvana pozitiuri diskriminacis<br />
praqtikis danergvamde. pozitiuri diskrminacia, roemlic aseve cnobilia<br />
rogorc „dadebiTi qmedeba“, nebayoflobiT aniWebs privilegias konkretul<br />
jgufs, mag: qalebi, invalidebi an konkretuli eTnikuri jgufebi. amgvari<br />
politikis ZiriTadi mizani aris diskriminaciis struqturuli formebis<br />
gadalaxva, romelic winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safrTxes Seuqmnida specifikur<br />
socialur jgufebs, Cveulebriv umciresobebs da warmomadgenlobiT<br />
balansis cvlilebas.<br />
ara-diskriminacia evropis adamianis uflebebis konvenciaSi<br />
2000 wlis ivnisSi evrosabWos ministrTa sabWos komitetis mier # 12<br />
protokolis miRebam evropis adamianis uflebebis konvenciaze gaafarTova<br />
konvenciis kompetencia diskriminaciasTan mimarTebaSi. amJamad, aradiskriminacias<br />
exeba muxli 14, romelic krZalavs diskriminacias mxolod<br />
konvenciiT garantirebul uflebebTan mimarTebaSi. protokoli 12<br />
warmoadgens mniSvnelovan winsvlas, radganac is iZleva saSualebas<br />
rasizmisa da diskriminaciis sferoSi gaZlierebuli qmedebisaTvis zogadi<br />
aradiskriminaciuli debulebis saSualebiT. es protokoli ZalaSi Seva 10<br />
saxelmwifos mier misi ratificirebis Semdeg.<br />
qsenofobia<br />
oqsfordis inglisuri enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT<br />
diskriminacia aris „paTologiuri SiSi ucxoelebis an ucxo kulturis<br />
mimarT“. sxva sityvebiT es ucxoelebis zizRs niSnavs.<br />
qsenofobia aris socialurad konstruirebul saxeebze an ideebze da<br />
ara racionalur an obieqtur faqtebze dafuZnebuli grZnoba an aRqma.<br />
samyaros qsenofobiur aRqmas rTuli socialuri da kulturuli<br />
fenomeni dahyavs gamartivebul karg da cud scenaramde.<br />
„Cven“ (adgilobrivebi) = models, normalurs da kargs, etalons Tu<br />
rogor unda gamoiyurebodes, grZnobdes, foqrobdes yvela. amis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod „isini“ (ucxoebi) = kanonis damrRvevebs, safrTxes,<br />
dabrkolebas, mawanwalas, moZaladeebs, mZarcvelebs, dampyrobebs da a.S.<br />
„Cven“ (adgilobrivebi) kargebi varT „maT“ (sxvebis) winaaRmdeg, romlebic<br />
cudebi arian. naTelia, rom Cven mniSvnelobas vaniWebT Cvens mier sxvebis da<br />
sakuTari Tavis aRqmas rogoricaa<br />
„Cven“ = dadebiTs da „isini“ = uaryofiTs.<br />
444 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Cveni, rogorc individebis da jgufis wevrebis, eTnikuri jgufis, eris<br />
da a.S. TviTmyofadobis Seqmna gulisxmobs sazogadoebis mravalferovnebis<br />
da erTi pirovnebis meorisagan gansxvavebis gaazrebas, rac TavisTavad ar<br />
aris uaryofiTi movlena, radganac mravalferovneba ar aRiqmeba safrTxed<br />
da am gansxvavebebis aRiareba ar gamoiyeneba politikuri manipulaciisTvis.<br />
sxva pirovneba pirvel rigiSi aRqmuli unda iqnas rogorc Zma an da,<br />
megobari da ara ucxo, mteri an metoqe.<br />
unda aRiniSonos, rom maSin rodesac aRmosavleT evropaSi qsenofobiis<br />
ZiriTadi obieqti aris umciresobaTa jgufebis wevrebi, dasavleTis bevr<br />
qveyanaSi obieqti aris imigrantebi da ltolvilebi, maT Soris aRmosavleT<br />
evropidan Camosulebi.<br />
? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT Tqven qveyanaSi dafiqsirebuli<br />
qsenofobiis uaxlesi magaliTebi?<br />
maSinac ki Tu ucxoelebis SiSi – qsenofobia – ganixileba moralurad<br />
miuReblad da ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebebis kulturas is ar aris<br />
ukanono da amdenad ar SeiZleba misi kanoniT dasja rogorc aseTi.<br />
Sesabamisad, jer-jerobiT mxolod qsenofobiis manifestacia eqvemdebareba<br />
sanqciebs (romelic gamomdinareobs qsenofobiuri aRqmidan da SesaZloa<br />
miiRos mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis an fizikuri Zaladobis formebi,<br />
rogoricaa rasistuli Tavdasxmebis aqtebi, samsaxurebrivi diskriminacia,<br />
sityvieri Seuracyofa, eTnikuri wmenda, genocidi, da a.S.) Tuki arsebobs<br />
kanoni, romelic am aqciebs danaSaulis kvalifikacias aniWebs<br />
rasizmi<br />
rasizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros mravalgvarad. erT-erTi ganmarteba<br />
ganixilavs rasizms rogorc gaazrebul an gauazrebel rwmenas erTi rasis<br />
aRmatebulobis Sesaxeb meoris mimarT. upirveles yovlisa, am ganmartebidan<br />
gamomdinareobs, rom „aRmatebul“ rasas aqvs ufleba gamoiyenos Zalaufleba<br />
da dominirebadi iyos „dabali“ rasaze da meore, rasizmi ganapirobebs<br />
individebis da jgufebis damokidebulebas da qcevas. Tumca aq arsebobs<br />
problema, rom termini „rasizmi“ gulisxmobs sxvadasxva „rasebis“<br />
arsebobas.<br />
bolo wlebSi damkvidrda gansazRvreba, rom faqtobrivad „rasa“ aris<br />
socialuri konstruqcia da SeuZlebelia adamianebis klasificireba raime<br />
kategoriis mixedviT garda „adamianisa“. amdenad, rasizmi arsebobs<br />
imisdamiuxedavad rom „rasa“ ar arsebobs.<br />
evropas rasizms xangrZlivi istoria gaaCnia. istoriulad „maRali“ da<br />
„dabali“ rasebze msjeloba mimdinareobs biologiuri gansxvavebebis<br />
safuZvelze. darvinis evoluciis Teoria exeba adamianebs, raTa moxdes maTi<br />
klasificireba „rasis“ mixedviT. kolonializmi, rodesac evropuli erebi<br />
eweodnen sxva erebis eqsploatacias SesaZlebeli gaxda farTod<br />
gavrcelebuli socialuri darvinizmis da sxva msgavsi „rasistuli“<br />
Teoriebis miRebis Sedegad. „TeTrkanianis“ tvirTi gulisxmobda koloniuri<br />
evropis „movaleobas“ moexdina sxva xalxebis „civilizeba“. monoba,<br />
rasizmis meore gavrcelebuli praqtika evropel mwarmoeblebsa da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
23 agvisto<br />
monobiT vaWrobis<br />
msxverplTa moxsenebis da<br />
misi gauqmebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
“gamoTvlilia, rom<br />
CrdiloeT amerikaSi<br />
daaxloebiT 12 milioni<br />
adgilobrivi amerikeli<br />
indieli ganadgurda 1600 –<br />
1850 wlebs Soris.<br />
savaraudod 10-dan 20<br />
milionamde Savkaniani<br />
afrikeli aris daRupuli<br />
monobiT saerTaSoriso<br />
vaWrobis 200 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi<br />
445
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
21 marti<br />
rasobrivi diskriminaciis<br />
aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
mTavrobaSi 19 saukunis bolomde aseve efuZneboda rwmenas rom monebi<br />
miekuTvnebodnen „dabal rasas“.<br />
dResdReobiT rasistebi aqcents ufro metad akeTeben kulturul<br />
gansxvavebebze, vidre biologiur arasrulfasovnebaze. kulturologiuri<br />
rasizmi efuZneba rwmenas, rom arsebobs kulturaTa ierarqiebi an zogierTi<br />
kulturebis, tradiciebis, wes-Cveulebebis da istoriebis SeuTavseblobas.<br />
ucxoelebis an umciresobebis izolacia an diskriminacia marTldeba<br />
„SeuTavsebeli kulturebis“, religiebis an „civilizaciebis“ ucilobeli<br />
SenarCunebis saxeliT.<br />
Zalaufleba da misi arasworad gamoyeneba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli<br />
rasizmTan. rasizms erTsa da imave dros gansazRvraven Zalauflebis<br />
mflobelebi da is ki gansazRvravs Zalauflebriv urTierTobas moZaladesa<br />
da msxverpls Soris.<br />
rasizmis msverplni umweo mdgomareobaSi arian. prekoncefciebi an<br />
uaryofiTi msjeloba sxva pirovnebebisa da jgufebis mimarT (am<br />
pirovnebebisa da jgufebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani codnis an gamocdilebis<br />
gareSe) aseve dakavSirebulia rasizmTan. amgvarad, rasizmi SeiZleba gagebul<br />
iqnas rogorc prekoncefciebis praqtikuli ganxorcieleba realur<br />
qmedebaSi an mopyrobis formad sxvebis mimarT maTi mxridan, visac gaaCnia<br />
Sesabamisi Zalaufleba da aqedan gamomdinare Seswevs unari ganaxorcielos<br />
es qmedebebi.<br />
rasizmi SeiZleba arsebobdes sxvadasxva doneze.<br />
� pirovnuli done: es niSnavs pirovnul damokidebulebebs,<br />
faseulobebs da rwmenebs romelime “rasis” aRmatebulobis Sesaxeb<br />
da sxva “rasebis” arasrulfasovnebis Sesaxeb.<br />
� pirovnebaTaSorisi done: es exeba sxvebTan urTierTobis iseT<br />
formas, romelic gamoxatavs rwmenas sakuTari rasis aRmatebulobis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
� institucionaluri done: es exeba arsebul kanonebs, wesCveulebebs,<br />
tradiciebs da praqtikas, romelic sistematurad iwvevs rasobriv<br />
uTanasworobas da diskriminacias sazogadoebaSi, organizaciebSi da<br />
institutebSi.<br />
� kulturologiuri done: es xeba faseulobebs da socialuri qcevis<br />
normebs, romlebic amkvidreben mSobliur kulturul praqtikebs<br />
rogorc normas da etalons, rodesac sxva xalxebis kutlura<br />
arasrulfasovnad iTvleba.<br />
rasizmis manifestaciis sxvadasxva done mWidrod aris<br />
urTierTdamokidebuli da aqtiurad kvebaven erTmaneTs. rasizmi aseve Tavs<br />
iCens faruli da Ria formebiT. rasizmi yvelaze daxvewil da farul<br />
formebSi iseTive saxifaToa rogorc misi Riad gamoxatuli formebi.<br />
rasizmis Sedegebi rogorc istoriuli aseve Tanamedrove magaliTebis<br />
mixedviT aris damangreveli rogorc msxverplisaTvis aseve<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis sadac am usamarTlobas aqvs adgili. rasimzi iyo<br />
masobrivi ganadgurebis, genocidis da Cagvris saTaveebTan. man ganapiroba<br />
umravlesobebis damorCileba erTi muWa umciresobis kaprizebisadmi,<br />
romlebic flobdnen simdidres da Zalauflebas. Tumca ukve mniSvnelovani<br />
progresi iqna miRweuli am usamarTlobebis aRmosafxvrelad, magram<br />
446 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
izolaciis faruli da naklebad faruli formebi dRes kvlav arsebobs.<br />
isini vinc aRqmulia “gansxvavebulad” an “ucxod” awydebian??<br />
Tavisuflebisa da gadaadgilebis SezRudvebs, aSkara agresias, Seuracyofas<br />
an socialur gaucxoebas.<br />
rasizmi da axalgazrdobis Zaladoba<br />
rasobrivi siZulviliT motivirebuli axalgazrduli Zaladoba DdRes<br />
realobaa bevr evropul qveyanaSi. dafiqsirebulia uamravi SemTxvevebi<br />
axalgazrdebis an /da ufrosebis Setakebis, cemis, muqaris da yvelaze<br />
eqstremalur SemTxvevebSi mkvleloba maTi erovnulobis, garegnobis,<br />
religiis, kanis feris, Tmis an sulac wveris safuZvelze.<br />
rasistul Zaladobas aqvs gamoxatvis sxva ufro daxvewili, magram<br />
ufro aramkveTri saSualebebi. is moicavs gantevebis vacis Ziebis,<br />
segregaciis da diskriminaciis gansxvavebul formebs. policis mier xalxis<br />
Semowmeba mxolod imitom, rom maT aqvT gansxvavebuli garegnoba – ufro<br />
muqi kanis an Tmis feri – aseve aris Cagvris forma.<br />
gaeros saerTaSoriso konferencia rasizmis, rasobrivi<br />
diskriminaciis, qsenofobiis da maTTan dakavSirebuli<br />
Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg<br />
gaeros mesame konferencia aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb Catarda<br />
durbanSi, samxreT afrikaSi 2001 wlis 31 agvistodan 7 seqtembramde. am<br />
konferenciam warmoSva Zalian mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso moZraoba da<br />
bevri molodini. masSi monawileoba miiRes daaxloebiT 160 saxelmwifos da<br />
1500-ze meti arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenlebma. konferenciaze<br />
dominirebda 2 sakiTxi: palestinelebis savalalo mdgomareoba (sionizmis<br />
rasistul praqtikad kvalificirebis mcdelobebis CaTvliT) da monobis<br />
aRiareba kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSaulad da kompensaciis<br />
ufleba. sabolood daskvniTi teqsti dasrulda 2 sakiTxis imgvari<br />
formulirebis aRiarebiT, romelic misaRebi iyo umravlesobisaTvis:<br />
“Cven SeSfoTebuli varT palestineli xalxis savalalo mdgomareobis<br />
gamo ucxouri okupaciis qveS. Cven aseve vaRiarebT plaestineli<br />
xalxis TviTgamorkvevis ganuyofel uflebas da damoukidebeli<br />
saxelmwifos Seqmnis uflebas. Cven vaRiarebT usafrTxoebis uflebas<br />
regionSi arsebuli yvela saxelmwifosaTvis israelis CaTvliT da<br />
movuwodebT yvela saxelmwifos mxari dauWiron samSvidobo procesebs<br />
da SeZlebisdagvarad swrafad daasrulon”.<br />
aseve CarTuli iyo bodiSis moxda monobisaTvis, Tumca teqsti ar<br />
midioda imdenad Sors, rom SemoeTavazebina kompensacia. monobis da monobiT<br />
vaWrobis aRiareba kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSaulad bevrisTvis<br />
iyo istoriuli momenti kacobriobis didi nawilis Rirsebis aRdgenisaTvis.<br />
? fiqrobT, rom im qveynebis mTavrobebma, romlebac warsulSi<br />
isargebles monobisagan unda gadaixadon kompensacia?<br />
zemoT xesenebuli konferenciis wina dReebSi oficialur<br />
konferenciasTan erTad Catarda arasamTavrobo forumi da saerTaSoriso<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
qalaq frankfurtSi/oderze,<br />
romelic germania-poloneTis<br />
sazRvarze mdebareobs<br />
germaneli skinhedebis jgufi<br />
xSirad emuqreboda da Tavs<br />
esxmoda universitetis<br />
ucxoel studentebs da<br />
ucxoel muSebs. poloneTis<br />
mxares frankfurt/oderis<br />
gareubnebSi aris qalaqi<br />
slubice, sadac<br />
neofaSistebis kidev erTi<br />
jgufi Tavs daesxa<br />
ucxoelebs. incidentis<br />
reportaJis dros aRniSnuli<br />
iyo, rom maT dauwyes<br />
students cema magram<br />
rodesac gaiges, rom espaneli<br />
iyo bodiSi mouxades. maT is<br />
germaneli egonaT. 9<br />
447
axalgazrduli forumi. axalgazrduli organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi da<br />
samTavrobo delegaciebis axalgazrdobis warmomadgenlebi aseve miwveuli<br />
iyvnen monawileobis misaRebad. daaxloebiT 200 axalgazrda, romlebic<br />
warmoadgendnen yvela geografiul regions Seikriben rasizmisa da<br />
qsenofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebis<br />
Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis.<br />
? ratom unda iyos rasistuli propaganda kontrolirebuli an<br />
akrZaluli internetSi?<br />
imigrantebi, ltolvilebi da TavSesafris maZieblebi<br />
dRes evropaSi bevri imigranti, TavSesafris maZiebeli da ltolvili<br />
Zalian rTul mdgomareobaSia da yoveldRiurad xdebian mowme maTi mTavari<br />
uflebebis da Rirsebis xelyofisa. ltolvilebi da TavSesafris maZieblebi<br />
xSirad iZulebuli arian datovon TavianTi saxlebi, qveynebi da ojaxebi<br />
raTa Tavi daaRwion oms, devnas an usafrTxoebis srul ararsebobas. Tumca<br />
ltolvilebis udidesi umravlesoba msoflioSi ar eZebs TavSesafars,<br />
evropaSi zogierTi adamiani da jgufi mainc moemgzavreba Cveni<br />
kontinentisaken. nacionalizmisa da qsenofobiis mzardma da mZafrma<br />
grZnobam an qsenofobi politikosebis SeSfoTebam bevri mTavroba miiyvana<br />
Zalian mkacri zomebis miRebamde TavSesafris maZieblebis winaaRmdeg,<br />
romelic ZiriTadad miznad isaxavs maT ardaSvebas TavianT teritoriebze.<br />
TavSesafris maZieblebi da ltolvilebi Seadgenen gansakuTrebiT<br />
daucvel jgufs, romlis statusic gansazRvruli da daculia 1951 wlis<br />
Jenevis ltolvilTa konvenciis mier. evropuli qveynebis umetesobas amJamad<br />
aqvT kanondebloba, romelic uflebas aZlevs maT aerportebSi da<br />
sasazRvro Semowmebis punqtebSi ltolvilebis dakavebisaTvis, xSirad maTi<br />
uflebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. aralegaluri imigrantebis an<br />
TavSesafris maZieblebis deportacia, romelTa ganacxadic TavSesafris<br />
moTxovnaze uaryofilia gavrcelebuli praqtikaa da zogjer aris<br />
damamcirebeli mopyrobis forma.<br />
? ra xdeba rodesac ltolvili eZebs TavSesafars Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi? iciT ra unda moimoqmedon maT?<br />
Sengenis xelSekrulebebi (1990) uzrunvelyofs Tavisufal<br />
gadaadgilebas da ESeuzRudav mogzaurobas evrokavSiris 14 wevri qveynis<br />
yvela sazRvarze. Tumca yofili sazRvrebis gauqmebis paralelurad<br />
evrokavSirma aago ufro “Seuvali sazRvari” evropis regionis dasacavad.<br />
erTiani evropuli politikis SemuSaveba ltolvilebisa da migrantebis<br />
mimarT xSirad aRwerilia rogorc “evropis cixesimagris” politika,<br />
nawilobriv imis gamo, rom is aqcents akeTebs ltolvilebis izolaciasa<br />
da gadagzavnaze da nawilobriv imitom, rom is aris magaliTi Tu rogor<br />
SeiZleba ekonomikuri migraciis SiSma dablokos realobis aRqmis uanri da<br />
TavSefaris maZiebelTa saWiroebebi.<br />
? saidan arian Tqvens qveyanaSi arsebuli ltolvilebi? ratom<br />
arian isini ltolvilebi?<br />
448 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sakmaod mkacri da qsenofobiuri politika, romelsac bevri evropuli<br />
qveyana atarebs aiZulebs bevr imigrants mimarTon aralegalur meTodebs<br />
evropaSi SesaRwevad. isini xSirad xdebian organizebuli trefikingis<br />
msxverpli. bevri maTgani verasodes aRwevs evropas, zogi ki gzaSi iRupeba:<br />
zRvaSi da espaneTis sanapiroebze, mitovebul gemebze da navebze xmelTaSua<br />
zRvaSi an matareblebSi da satviTo manqanebSi sadac isini uhaerobisagan<br />
iRupebian.<br />
aralegaluri imigracia aseve niSnavs iaffasian muSaxels bevri<br />
industriisa da mewarmisaTvis. siRaribem iseT qveynebSi rogoricaa<br />
moldaveTi da ukraina gamoiwvia is, rom bevri adamiani samuSaos eZebs<br />
dasavleT vropis qveynebSi. radganac isini arian “aralegalurebi” isini<br />
iZulebuli arian imuSaon Zalian cud pirobebSi Zalian dabal xelfasze.<br />
maT xSirad aSantaJeben, arTmeven pasportebs an emuqrebian policiaSi<br />
dabezRebiT. axalgazrda qalebic xSirad arian msgavs situaciaSi rodesac<br />
iisni xdebian trafikingis obieqti ojaxSi samuSaod an iZulebiT<br />
prostituciisaTvis.<br />
umetes qveynebSi arsebobs imigrantebis utilitaruli aRqma. imigranti<br />
ar aris miRebuli misi adamianuri faseulobebis gamo, romelsac SeuZlia<br />
wvlili Seitanos sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi, amis nacvlad maT aRiqvamen<br />
mxolod rogorc samuSao Zalas, romlis ukmarisobasac isini ganicdian.<br />
? fiqrobT rom mxolod materialurad uzrunvelyofil xalxs<br />
unda mieces Tqvens qveyanaSi Semosvlis neba?<br />
bevri axalgazrda, romlebsac aqvT imigrantuli warsuli an<br />
warmomavloba, e.w. meore an mesame Taobis imigrantebi ganicdian sxvadasxva<br />
formis diskriminacias yoveldRiurad, rac zogjer gadadis ZaaldobaSi,<br />
socialur izolaciaSi da kriminalizaciaSi. faruli rasistuli<br />
diskriminaciis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli manifestacia aris am<br />
axalgazrdebisaTvis moTxovna “gaakeTon arCevani” maTi mSoblebis<br />
“kulturasa” da maTi “maspinZeli” qveynis kulturebs Soris. aseTive<br />
saeWvo damokidebuleba arsebobs sxva socialuri da eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis TviTmyofadobis, loializmis da partiotizmis mimarT.<br />
antisemitizmi<br />
antisemitizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc “ebraelebis mimarT<br />
mtroba rogorc religiuri an umciresobaTa jgufis mimarT, romelsac<br />
xSirad Tan axlavs socialuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri<br />
diskriminacia” 10 da es dRemde farTod aris gavrcelebuli evropul<br />
qveynebSi. antisemitebma moigones istoriebi ebrauli konspiraciis Sesaxeb,<br />
ramac gaamwvava antisemituri damokidebulebebi araebrael xalxSi maT<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelTagan yvelaze cnobili aris “sionis brZenTa protokoli”<br />
(fiqtiuri Seuracmyofeli dokumenti, romelic axdens Zaladobas<br />
provocirebas ebraelebis winaaRmdeg da romelic kvlav cirkulirebs<br />
zogierT evropul qveyanaSi).<br />
me-19 saukunis bolos ruseTSi arsebuli ebrauli sazogadoeba<br />
regularulad xdeboda pogromebis (rusuli sityva, romelic ganadgurebas<br />
niSnavs) msxverpli, romelic iyo adgilobrivi mosaxleobis organizebuli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
20 ivnisi<br />
ltolvilTa saerTaSoriso<br />
DdRe<br />
18 dekemberi<br />
migrantebis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
“faseuloba, romelic<br />
warmoadgens imigrantebTan<br />
Cemi muSaobis safuZvels aris<br />
adamianuri Rirseba. Cven<br />
vurCevT axalgazrda<br />
imigrantebs, romlebic modian<br />
CvenTan gauziaron sakuTari<br />
istoria TavianT megobrebs.”<br />
q-ni julia sanola,<br />
italieli moxalise Sud-Si.<br />
449
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
9 noemberi<br />
`brolis Ramis~ aRsaniSnavi<br />
dRe. faSizmisa da antisemitizmis<br />
winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
30 aprili<br />
holokostis memorialuri<br />
dRe (iom ha Soa)<br />
sistematuri diskriminaciuli Zaladobrivi aqtebi ebrauli sazogadoebis<br />
winaaRmdeg, xSirad policiis pasiuri TanxmobiT an aqtiuri monawileobiT,<br />
waxalisebuli mTavrobis antisemituri politikis mier. ebrauli<br />
sazogadoebaze Tavdasxmebi aseve gavrcelebuli iyo sxva evropul qveynebSi<br />
mag. safrangeTisa da avstriis CaTvliT.<br />
20-e saukunis pirvel nawilSi faSizmis aRmavlobam ufro meti<br />
ubedureba moitana bevri ebraelisaTvis evropaSi, radganac anti-semitizmi<br />
ZalauflebaSi myofi ideologiis nawili gaxda. faSisturi reJimebi da<br />
partiebi aseve pirdapir an arapirdapir TanamSromlobdnen germaniis<br />
faSistur reJimTan holokostis dros.<br />
II msoflio omis dros germaniis faSisturi reJimis da misi<br />
mokavSireebis mier ganxorcielebuli holokostis dros romelic aseve<br />
cnobili iyo rogorc Soa (ebrauli sityva, romelic `ganadgurebas~<br />
niSnavs), daaxloebiT 6 milioni ebraeli mizanmimarTulad iyo<br />
ganadgurebuli im erTaderTi mizezis gamo, rom isini ebraelebi iyvnen.<br />
holokosti iyo rasistuli da antisemituri politikis kulminacia,<br />
romelic damaxasiaTebeli iyo hitleris mTavrobisaTvis romlis<br />
Seubraleblobac pirvelad gamovlinda e.w. `brolis Ramis~ dros, 1938 w-is<br />
9 noembers, rodesac mTeli germania masobrivma represiebma moicva.<br />
bolSevikuri revoluciis warmatebis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSirSi ebraelTa<br />
represiebi Sewyda, magram antisemitizmi sxva formiT gagrZelda, ZaliT<br />
gadasaxlebis, qonebis konfiskaciis da sajaro gasamarTlebis CaTvliT.<br />
komunisturi reJimis dros antisemitizmi xSirad iyo warmodgenili<br />
oficailuri antisionisturi politikis saburveliT.<br />
dreisaTvis anti-semitizmi iseve cocxalia rogorc yovelTvis, Tumca<br />
xSirad farul formebs iZens. jgufebi, romlebic acxadeben pretenzias<br />
aRmatebulobaze Seuracyofen ebraul sasaflaoebs, neo-faSisturi jgufebis<br />
qselebi, romlebic xSirad moicaven axalgazrdul jgufebs Riad acxadeben<br />
TavianTi antisemituri Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb da arsebobs bevri internet<br />
vebgverdebi da literatura, romelic cirkulirebs da adidebs faSistur<br />
propagandas.<br />
romafobia<br />
boSebi (romlebsac arasworad uwodeben boSebs, sintebis CaTvliT)<br />
evropelebis mier yovelTvis ganixilebodnen rogorc maTgan gansxvavebuli<br />
xalxi. istoriis didi periodis ganmavlobaSi isini moxetialeebi iyvnen,<br />
erTi adgilidan gadadiodnen meoreze rogorc xelosnebi, musikosebi da<br />
movaWreebi. istoriis manZlize isini iyvnen Zaladobrivi asimilaciis sagani;<br />
boSebis ena akrZaluli iyo zogierT qveyanaSi da Svilebs ZaliT<br />
arTmevdnen mSoblebs. boSebi monebi iyvnen bevr qveyanaSi, bolo qveyana iyo<br />
rumineTi sadac maTi monoba gauqmda 1856 wels. boSebs arasodes hqondaT<br />
saxelmwifo da arasodes ubrZoliaT sxva xalxis winaaRmdeg. me-20 saukunis<br />
ganmavlobaSi isini iTvlebodnen mawanwalebad da bevr qveyanaSi gamocemuli<br />
iyo kanonebi, romlebic aiZulebda maT erT adgilas dasasaxlebas.<br />
dRes, boSebis sazogadoeba kvlav aris pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri<br />
diskriminaciis, devnis da izolaciis sagani yvela evropul qveyanaSi.<br />
? ra raodenobiTaa Tqvens qveyanaSi boSaTa sazogadoeba?<br />
450 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
poraimos (Porajmos) niSnavs germaneli faSistebis da maTi<br />
mokavSireebis mier Cadenil evropeli boSebis da sintis genocids 1933 da<br />
1945 wlebs Soris. msxverplis daaxloebiTi raodenoba sxvadasxva<br />
wyaroebis mixedviT varirebs 500000 –dan 2000000-mde. poraimos Sedegad<br />
evropaSi boSebma dakarges maTi omamdeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 70%.<br />
aRmosavleT evropis komunisturi reJimebi “boSebis emansipaciis”<br />
lozungis qveS arRvevdnen boSebis cxovrebis tradiciul gzas. boSaTa<br />
ojaxi kidev ufro daiSala kapitalizmis SemosvlasTan erTad – boSebi<br />
zogadad arakvalificiurad iTvlebian maRalteqnologiuri samuSaoebisaTvis<br />
da amgvarad isini ganwiruli arian fizikuri muSaobisaTvis, umuSevrobisa<br />
da socialuri gaucxoebisaTvis.<br />
dResisaTvis evropis boSaTa mosaxleoba mTlianad Seadgens daaxloebiT<br />
8-12 milions yvela evropuli qveynis CaTvliT. didi umravlesoba ukve<br />
mudmivad dasaxlebulia, magram zogierT dasavlur qveyanaSi kvlav mTlianad<br />
an nawilobriv moxetiale cxovrebas ewevian. maSin rodesac espaneTsa da<br />
portugaliaSi mcxovrebma boSebma mTlianad daiviwyes sakuTari ena<br />
(radganac is akrZaluli iyo da idevneboda) sxva bevr qveyanaSi boSaTa ena<br />
kvlav gamaerTianebeli kulturologiuri faqtoria.<br />
romafobia, diskriminacia da mtroba boSebis mimarT aris<br />
farTodgavrcelebuli realoba mTel evropaSi. boSebi arian SeiaraRebul<br />
kofliqtebis mier dazaralebulTa Soris erT-erTi pirveli, iseve rogorc<br />
yofili iugoslaviis omSi sadac cecxlis alyaSi moyolili boSebis<br />
savalalo mdgomareoba umetesad ignorirebuli iyo. sxva uaxlesi<br />
magaliTebi moicavs ukanonod miRebul zomebs, mag: boSebis ojaxebisaTvis<br />
sakuTrebis uflebis aralegalurad warTmeva “danaSaulTan brZolis”<br />
safuZvelze (portugalia); diskriminacia ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT boSaTa<br />
Svilebis mimarT da ZiriTadi sazogadoebrivi servisebis uzrunvelyofa<br />
(britaneTis gaerTianebuli samefoSi da safrangeTSi mag. momTabare<br />
banakebisaTvis) an ubralod maTi aRiarebuli uflebebis darRveva. bevr<br />
qveyanaSi boSebi iyvnen agresiuli faSisturi da rasistuli jgufebis<br />
Zaladobis msxveplni, romelic xSirad mkvlelobiT mTavrdeboda; boSa<br />
bavSvebs zogjer erTad kreben gonebrivad CamorCenil bavSvTa skolaSi.<br />
boSaTa soflebi xSirad segregaciuli da izolirebulia.<br />
? ra SegiZliaT gaigoT boSebis Sesaxeb adgilobriv axal<br />
ambebSi?<br />
bevri axalgazrda boSa bavSvi izrdeba mtrul socialur garemoSi,<br />
sadac erTaderTi mxardaWera da aRiareba maTi sakuTari sazogadoebidan an<br />
ojaxidan gaaCniaT. maT arTmeven bevr ZiriTad uflebas, rogoricaa<br />
ganaTleba an janmrTeloba, an SezRudulad sargebloben maTiT.<br />
ufro didi informirebuloba da SeSfoTeba boSebTan dakavSirebiT nelnela<br />
izrdeba. saerTaSoriso doneze saerTaSoriso romanuli kavSiri aris<br />
yvelaze warmomadgenlobiTi politikuri boSaTa organizacia romelsac<br />
aqvs sakonsultacio statusi sxvadasxva gaeros struqurebSi. budapeStSi<br />
arsebuli evropis boSaTa uflebebis centri aris mTavari saerTaSoriso<br />
boSaTa adamianis uflebaTa organizacia, romlebic aqtiurad zrdian<br />
sazogadoebis informirebulobas, monitorings da boSaTa uflebebis<br />
dacvas.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
8 aprili<br />
boSaTa saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
“boSebi unda ganadgurdnen<br />
cecxliTa da maxviliT”<br />
XVIII saukunis espanuri<br />
kanoni<br />
“invalidebs aqvT<br />
damoukideblobis, socialuri<br />
integraciisa da<br />
sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi<br />
monawileobis ufleba.”<br />
muxli 15, evropis<br />
socialuri qartiis<br />
Sesworebuli gamocema<br />
451
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
10 oqtomberi<br />
gonebrivi janmrTelobis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
3 dekemberi<br />
invalidi adamianebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
evrokavSiris farglebSi<br />
umetesi organizaciebi,<br />
romlebic aqtiurad<br />
amkvidreben invalidebis<br />
uflebebs Sedian evropis<br />
invalidTa forumis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi. evrosabWos<br />
farglebSi qmedebebi da<br />
politika koordinirebulia<br />
socialuri saqmeebis<br />
generaluri direqtoratis<br />
mier.<br />
evrokavSirma 2003 weli<br />
gamoacxada invalidi<br />
moqalaqeebis evropul wlad.<br />
ra surT invalidebs?<br />
invalidebi da Sromisuunaroebi<br />
invalidoba aris gansazRvruli rogorc garemoeba, romelic uunaros<br />
xdis adamians avadmyofobis, dazianebis an Tandayolili fizikuri naklis<br />
Sedegad; es termini aseve gamoiyeneba legaluri diskvalifikaciis an<br />
uunarobis aRsaniSnavad.<br />
termini “invalidoba” moicavs sxvadasxva funqciuri SezRudvebis did<br />
ricxvs, romelsac adgili aqvs msoflios nebismier qveyanaSi nebismier<br />
mosaxleobaSi. xalxi SeiZleba iyos invalidi fizikuri, inteleqtualuri an<br />
sensoruli defeqtebis, samedicino pirobebis an gonebrivi avadmyofobis<br />
gamo, romlebic SeiZleba iyos droebiTi an mudmivi.<br />
termini “fizikurad an gonebrivad arasrulfasovani” niSnavs<br />
SesaZleblobebis dakargvas an SezRudvas sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi<br />
monawileobis TvalsazrisiT sxvebis Tanabar doneze. is aRwers<br />
damokidebulebas invalid pirovnebasa da garemos Soris. orive termini<br />
namdvilad adeqvaturia, magram aqcenti, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani<br />
atarebs aris mcired, magram mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli.<br />
? rogor SeuZlia invalid xalxs monawileoba miiRon Tqveni<br />
organizaciis RonisZiebebSi?<br />
gamoTvlilia, rom msoflios mosaxleobis saSualod 10% invalidia.<br />
evrosabWos 43 wevri qveynis 80 milioniani mosaxleobisaTvis es niSnavs<br />
daaxloebiT 80 milion invalid adamians. bolo wlebSi mraval sferoSi<br />
miRweuli progresis miuxedavad bevri invalidi adamiani evropaSi kvlav<br />
dgeba Tanabari SesaZleblobebis da sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi sruli<br />
monawileobis barierebis winaSe, rogoricaa ganaTlebis dabali done da<br />
profesiuli treiningebi: maRali umuSevrobis done, dabali Semosavali,<br />
fizikuri garemoSi arsebuli dabrkolebebi, socialuri gaucxoeba;<br />
Seuwynarebloba, kliSe da stereotipebi; pirdapiri da arapirdapiri<br />
diskriminacia; Zaladoba, cudi mopyroba da Zaladoba.11 evrobarometris<br />
2001 wlis gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad gamokiTxuli xalxis 97% fiqrobs, rom<br />
garkveuli zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli invalidi xalxis sazogadoebaSi<br />
ukeTesad integrirebisaTvis 12 .<br />
“araferi gansakuTrebuli, araferi uCveulo. Cven gvinda SegveZlos Cveni ubnis skolaSi siaruli, visargebloT sajaro<br />
biblioTekiT, viaroT kinoSi, avideT avtobusSi an wavideT qalaqis centrSi sayidlebze, vestumroT megobrebs da<br />
ojaxis wevrebs sxva qalaqSi an qveyanaSi. Cven gvinda SegveZlos Cveni ubnis saarCevno ubanSi misvla, raTa xma<br />
mivceT arCevnebSi sxva yvela moqalaqesTan erTad. Cven gvinda SevZloT qorwineba. Cven gvinda SegveZlos muSaoba.<br />
Cven gvinda vuzrunvelyoT Cveni Svilebis momavali. Cven gvinda maRalxarisxiani, xelmisawvdomi samedicino<br />
momsaxureba. Cven gvinda gviyurebdnen rogorc Cveulebriv adamianebs, rogorc sazogadoebis nawils, da ara raRacas<br />
gadasamals, Sesacodebels an samowyalos”. adrien rubin barhidt, 1996 w. 10 aprili 13 .<br />
wyaro: www.disrights.org<br />
homofobia an diskriminacia seqsualuri orientaciis<br />
safuZvelze<br />
452 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniS<br />
TariRi<br />
7 agvisto<br />
transgenderuli<br />
ganaTlebis saer<br />
dRe
homofobia SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc siZulvili gei an<br />
homoseqsuali adamianebis mimarT an maTi cxovrebis stilis an kulturis<br />
mimarT an zogadad gansxvavebuli seqsualuri orientaciis adamianebis<br />
mimarT.<br />
msoflios bevr nawilSi gansxvavebuli (gansxvavebuli umravlesobisagan)<br />
orientaciis mqone individebi arian diskriminaciis sagani, rac varirebs<br />
Seuracyofidan mkvlelobamde. bevr qveyanaSi homoseqsualobis praqtika jer<br />
kidev danaSaulad iTvleba da zogierT maTganSi sikvdiliT isjeba. Tumca,<br />
evropis farglebSi progresi miRweulia cvalebad kanonmdeblobaSi bevri<br />
adamiani kvlav ganixilavs homoseqsualobas rogorc daavadebas,<br />
fsiqologiur darRvevas an arabunebriv mdgomareobas.<br />
homoseqsualobas sxvadasxva adamianebi sxvadasxvagvarad ganmartaven.<br />
zogierTi ZiriTadi ganmarteba:<br />
� biseqsuali niSnavs adamians, romelsac izidavs misive da misi sqesis<br />
sapirispiro pirovnebebi.<br />
� gei aris termini, romelic gamoiyeneba homoseqsuali mamakacebis<br />
mimarT. zogierT wreebSi is aseve niSnavs homoseqsual qalebs<br />
(lesboselebs).<br />
� homoseqsuali niSnavs pirovnebas, romelsac mxolod misive sqesis<br />
adamianebi izidavs.<br />
� heteroseqsuali niSnavs pirovnebas, romelsac izidavs mxolod<br />
sawinaaRmdego sqesis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
� lesboseli niSnavs mdedrobiTi sqesis homoseqsualebs, anu qalebs,<br />
romlebsac izidaven sxva qalebi.<br />
� transgenderi niSnavs adamians, romelsac aqvs misi biologiuri<br />
sqesisgan gansxvavbuli sqesi (e.i. kaci qalis sxeulSi an piriqiT).<br />
� LGBT abreviaturaa, romelic niSnavs lesbosels, geis, biseqsuals<br />
da transgenders.<br />
dRes evropaSi cxovreba rogorc LGBT pirovneba varirebs Zalian<br />
martividan (ufro did qalaqebSi dasavleT evropaSi, kargad ganviTarebuli<br />
subkulturiT, barebiT, klubebiT da organizaciebiT) SedarebiT rTulamde<br />
(dasavleT evropis patara qalaqebSi da centraluri evropis did nawilSi<br />
Sexedulebebi homoseqsualobis Sesaxeb TandaTan icvleba) da aseve aSkarad<br />
saxifaTomde (Tavdasxmebi policiis mxridan, iseve rogorc “normaluri”<br />
adamianebis mxridan, aseve diskriminaciuli kanonebi da siZulviliT<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
2001 wels ivnisSi evropis<br />
parlamentisadmi poloneTsi<br />
arsebuli seqsualuri<br />
diskriminaciis Sesaxeb<br />
wardgenil moxsenebaSi LGBT<br />
22%-ma ganacxada, rom maT<br />
gancdili hqondaT fizikuri<br />
Seuracyofa da maTgan 77% -<br />
s arasodes ganucxadebia es<br />
policiaSi maTi ojaxebisa da<br />
policiis reaqciis SiSis<br />
gamo 14 .<br />
453
vardisferi samkuTxedi<br />
gamowveuli danaSaulebi aris zogierTi aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis<br />
realoba, mag. bulgareTi, albaneTi, rumineTi da moldaveTi).<br />
lesboseli da gei wyvilebi mTel evropaSi aseve arian samarTlebrivi<br />
diskriminaciis msxverpli iseT sferoebSi rogoricaa qorwinebis ufleba,<br />
ojaxis Seqmna an bavSvebis ayvana (sxva sityvebiT maT ar SeuZliaT<br />
isargeblon igive statusiT riTic heteroseqsuali wyvilebi).<br />
? icnobT romelime gei an lesbosel wyvils Tqvens qveyanaSi?<br />
aTobiT aTasi homoseqsuali daiRupa faSistur sakoncentracio banakebSi. vardisferi samkuTxedi da<br />
vardisferi feri yovelTvis aris asocirebuli homoseqsualur moZraobasTan da kulturasTan, gamomdinare<br />
vardisferi bajebidan, romelic homoseqsualebs unda etarebinaT faSistur sakoncentracio banakebSi<br />
“seqsualuri gadaxrebis” gamo.<br />
“homoseqsualistebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi istoria da<br />
gamocdileba gvaswavlis, rom<br />
yvelaze mtkivneuli aris ara<br />
siRaribe an uufleboba,<br />
aramed daunaxaoba. survilis<br />
gaTelva, dadanaSauleba<br />
garyvnlebaSi, spontanuri<br />
fizikuri ltolvis gakicxva,<br />
siyvarulis gamoxatvis<br />
akrZalva, sazogadoebis<br />
wevris Tanasworuflebiani<br />
moraluri statusis<br />
uaryofa, mxolod imitom,<br />
rom Sen xar iseTi rogoric<br />
xar (...)”<br />
mosamarTle albi saqsi,<br />
samxreT afrikis respublikis<br />
konstituciuri sasamarTlo,<br />
1998w.<br />
meore msoflio omis dros<br />
ieRovas mowmeebi gagzavnil<br />
iqnen sakoncentracio<br />
banakebSi, radganac maT uari<br />
ganacxades germanul jarSi<br />
samsaxurze.<br />
yvelaze didi problema rasac LGBT axalgazrdebi xvdebian erTis<br />
mxriv aris ucxoTa mier diskriminacia, rac niSnavs Zaladobas, Seuracyofas,<br />
da momsaxureobaze uaris Tqmas (restornidan gamogdeba aris gavrcelebuli<br />
SemTxveva). meores mxriv xSirad aris problemebi ojaxTan da megobrebTan,<br />
rodesac cnobili xdeba maTi aratradiciuli orientaciis Sesaxeb. bevri<br />
adamianisaTvis es Zalian seriozuli problemaa da bevri LGBT axalgazrda<br />
ayovnebs maTi seqsualuri orientaciis aSkarad gamocxadebas uaryofisa da<br />
gandevnis SiSis gamo. skolaSi Tanaskolelebis Zlieri zewola zogjer<br />
cxovrebas urTulebs LGBT studentebs.<br />
? unda iyos Tu ara gei da lesboseli wyvilebis qorwineba<br />
nebadarTuli?<br />
axalgazrdebi aseve arian gansakuTrebiT daucveli samizneebi<br />
homofobiuri Zaladobisa da diskriminaciis. xSirad maT uxdebaT<br />
gaumklavdnen danaSaulis grZnobas da rTul SekiTxvebs maTi seqsualuri<br />
TviTmyofadobis Sesaxeb. maT eSiniaT uaryofis an imis, rom maT ver<br />
gaugeben. uaryofiTi “damokidebuleba”, romelsac isini Rebuloben cud<br />
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs maT sakuTar TavTan da sazogadoebasTan. amasTan<br />
erTad Zaladoba da Seuracyofa bevr amTgans depresiaSi agdebs da<br />
TviTmkvlelobamde mihyavs.<br />
religiuri diskriminacia<br />
mravalferovneba evropis farglebs SigniT yvelaze metad religiur<br />
formebSi gamoixateba. evropelebis umravlesoba qristiania, maSinac ki Tu<br />
isini ar ewevian religiur cxovrebas, magram es umravlesoba xSirad<br />
“faravs” did mravalferovnebas. evropa waleka kaTolikeebsa da<br />
protestantebs Soris omma, rogorc adre kaTolikebsa da aRmosavleT<br />
marTlmadidebeli qristianebs Soris omma. TiToeuli denominaciis qveS<br />
arsebobs bevri ganStoeba sxvadasxva gansxvavebebiT, romlebic xSirad<br />
SeumCnevelia gareSe pirisaTvis, magram gadamwyvetia maTTvis visac sjera<br />
maTi.<br />
454 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Tumca qristianuli religiis umciresobebi arseboben mTeli evropis<br />
masStabiT, istoriulad isini iyvnen (da zogierT qveyanaSi kvlav rCebian)<br />
diskriminirebulad. maTi religia an eklesia ar aris “aRiarebuli” an ar<br />
aqvs igive statusi an uflebebi (mag. ganaTlebaSi) rogoric “oficialur”<br />
an dominantur eklesias.<br />
nawilobriv evropuli integraciis da TanamSromlobis procesis gamo<br />
gansxvavebebi qristianul denominaciebs Soris naklebad mniSvnelovani<br />
gaxda socio-politikuri TvalsazrisiT. zogierTi politikosisa da<br />
moazrovnisaTvis qristianoba unda iyos evropuli TviTmyofadobis<br />
safuZveli, es aris saxifaTo Sexeduleba, romelic ignorirebas ukeTebs<br />
milionobiT arareligiur an araqristian evropels.<br />
? romeli religiuri umciresobebi arseboben Tqvens qalaqSi an<br />
sazogadoebaSi? sad ikribebian da loculoben isini?<br />
araqristianul religiebs Soris iudaizmi erT-erTia, romelic mTeli<br />
istoriis manZilze albaT yvelaze farTod iyo diskriminirebuli mTel<br />
kontinentze. 15-e saukuneSi espaneTidan da portugaliidan gandevnis Semdeg,<br />
mag. isini vinc darCnen ZaliT iyvnen moqceuli sxva religiaze an malulad<br />
aRiarebdnen TavianT religias maTi sicocxlis safrTxis qveS dayenebis<br />
xarjze. prekoncefciebma da arasworma koncefciebma ebrauli aRmsareblobis<br />
mimarT ueWvelad Seitana wvlili antisemituri damokidebulebebis<br />
gaRvivebaSi. aseve istoriulad aris gamoyenebuli ebraelebis mimarT<br />
diskriminaciis da segregaciis gasamarTleblad da albaT wvlili Seitanes<br />
holokostis mimarT pasiur tolerantulobaSi zogierT dominantur<br />
qristianul sazogadoebaSi.<br />
sxva mniSvnelovani religiuri umciresobebis Temebi evropaSi moicavs<br />
budistebs, baha’is, rastafarianebs da sikxebs. qveyanidan gamomdinare maT<br />
SeiZleba ganicadon diskriminaciis sxvadasxva formebi. bevr SemTxvevaSi<br />
religiuri diskriminacia erwymis rasizms.<br />
islamofobia<br />
araqristianul religiebs Soris islami aris yvelaze metad<br />
gavrcelebuli evropaSi. bevr qveyanaSi da aseve balkaneTisa da kavkasiis<br />
regionebSi es aris udidesi religia da meore udidesi religia<br />
safrangeTSi, germaniaSi da sxva bevr qveyanaSi, rogorc dasavleT aseve<br />
aRmosavleT qveynebSi.<br />
laqa, romelic musulmanebs moecxoT mTeli msoflios TvalSi aSS-ze<br />
2001 wels ganxorcielebuli sazareli teroristuli aqtis Semdeg aCvenebs<br />
realurad ramdenad myifea sazogadoebis urTierTobebi da Cveni<br />
Semwynareblobis grZnoba. dasavleTSi mcxovrebi musulmanebi gaocebuli<br />
iyvnen, rom xalxi, romelic maT sakuTari megobrebi, mezoblebi da<br />
Tanamoqalaqeebi egonaT uecrad miutrialdnen maT da daadanaSaules<br />
msoflio savaWro centrze ganxorcielebul TavdasxmaSi da revanSistul<br />
Setevebsac ki hqonda adgili udanaSaulo kacebis, qalebis da baSvebis<br />
mimarT. gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebelia is faqti, rom aSS-Si da evropaSi<br />
Tavs esxmodnen qalebs, romlrbic Tavsafrebs atareben.<br />
? ra warmodgena gaqvT islamze?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“yvelas aqvs Tavisufali<br />
azrovnebis, sindisis da<br />
religiis Tavisuflebis<br />
ufleba; es ufleba moicavs<br />
religiis Secvlis uflebas<br />
da Tavisuflebas, rom marto<br />
an sxvebTan erTad da<br />
sajarod an individualurad<br />
gamoamJRavnon TavianTi<br />
religia an rwmena, iqadagon,<br />
aswavlon, da daicvan<br />
ritualebi.”<br />
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
konvencia, muxli 9.1.<br />
455
islamofobia anu islamis, musulmanebis da maTTan dakavSirebuli<br />
saqmeebis SiSi ar aris axali fenomeni. es faqtobrivad aris<br />
prekoncefciebis uZvelesi forma, romelic bolo dros aqtualuri Tema<br />
gaxda im gamanadgurebeli efeqtis gamo rac mas musulmanebis cxovrebaze<br />
aqvs, gansakuTrebiT im musulmanebis, romlebic umciresobaSi arian<br />
sazogadoebaSi sadac cxovroben.<br />
amJamindeli situacia kvebavs Zlier da Rrmad fesvgadgmul<br />
prekoncefcias umetes evropul sazogadoebebSi islamTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
zogierTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma aris misi rogorc religiis<br />
oficialuri aRiarebis uaryofa, nebarTvis gaucemloba meCeTebis agebisaTvis<br />
an musulmanuri religiuri jgufebisaTvis an TemisaTvis mxardaWerze<br />
uaris Tqma.<br />
islamis Sesaxeb ucodinroba aris islamofobiis mTavari mizezi. islami<br />
xSirad aris asocirebuli mxolod terorizmTan da esqtremizmTan.<br />
faqtobrivad islami aris religia, romelic sxva bevri religiis msgavsad<br />
qadagebs Semwynareblobas, solidarobas da erTmaneTis siyvaruls.<br />
? ra SeiZleba gakeTdes Tqvens organizaciaSi an skolaSi codnis<br />
gasazrdelad da sxva religiebis ukeT gasagebad?<br />
sxva yvelaze gavrcelebuli prekoncefcia islamis Sesaxeb aris misi e.w.<br />
“SeuTavsebloba” adamianis uflebebTan. es prekoncefcia xSirad<br />
gamomdinareobs im qveynebis realobidan, sadac islami mTavari religiaa,<br />
gansakuTrebiT arabul qveynebSi. demokratiis ararseboba da adamianis<br />
uflebaTa farTod gavrcelebuli darRvevebi ganixileba rogorc am<br />
“SeuTavseblobis” magaliTebi. prekoncefcia mdgomareobs islamis, rogorc<br />
erTaderTi mizezis ganxilvaSi, realurad ki aRniSnuli reJimebis<br />
umravlesoba ubralod arademokratiulia. qristianuli qveynebs SemTxvevaSi<br />
es iqneboda qristianul religiebze pasuxismgebloebis dakisrebis<br />
eqvivalenturi portugaliaSi, espaneTSi an saberZneTSi adre arsebuli<br />
diqtaturaze da Semdeg daskvnis safuZveli, rom qristianoba SeuTavsebelia<br />
adamianis uflebebTan da demokratiasTan.<br />
axalgazrdebi xSirad idevnebian maT mier aSkarad gamovlenili islamis<br />
erTulebis gamo. zogierT qveyanaSi musulman gogonebs ekrZalebaT skolaSi<br />
Tavsafrebis tareba.<br />
samarTlebrivi CarCoebi<br />
mravali saerTaSoriso da regionaluri dokumenti diskriminacias<br />
ganixilavs an zogadad an diskriminaciis specifikur formebs. zogierTi<br />
magaliTi gaeros doneze moicavs:<br />
� adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia (1948)<br />
� saerTaSoriso konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciiis nebismiero<br />
formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb (1965)<br />
� konvencia qalebis mimarT diskriminaciiis nebismiero formis<br />
aRmofxvris Sesaxeb (1979)<br />
� invalidebis uflebebis deklaracia (1975)<br />
� MOT_is konvencia (#169) adgilobrivi mosaxleobis da Temuri<br />
cxovrebis wesis mimdevari xalxebis Sesaxeb (1989)<br />
456 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
evrosabWos farglebSi adamianis uflebebis evropis konvenciis garda<br />
miRebul iqna Semdegi mniSvnelovani dokumentebi:<br />
� regionaluri enebis an enobrivi umciresobebis evropuli qartia<br />
(1992)<br />
� konvencia ucxoelebis monawileobis Sesaxeb adgilobriv doneze<br />
(1992)<br />
� CarCo konvencia nacionaluri umciresobebis dacvis Sesaxeb<br />
damatebiTi informacia<br />
rasizmi da diskriminacia<br />
� evrosabWos evropis komisia rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis<br />
winaaRmdeg www.ecri.coe.int/en/sommaire.htm<br />
� saerTaSoriso liga rasizmisa da antisemitizmis winaaRmdeg<br />
(LICRA), safrangeTi, www.licra.com<br />
� SOS Racisme (safrangeTi), www.sos-racisme.org<br />
� United for Inercultural Action – evropis qseli migrantebisa da<br />
ltolvilebis mxardasaWerad rasizmis, nacionalizmis da faSizmis<br />
winaaRmdeg www.xs4all.nl/~united/<br />
� evropis qseli rasizmis wainaaRmdeg, www.enar-eu.org/<br />
� antirasistuli internet centri evropaSi, www.icare.to/<br />
� rasizmisa da qsenofobiis monitoringis evropis centri (EUMC),<br />
evrosabWos damoukidebeli organizacia, romlis mizanic aris<br />
rasizmTan, qsenofobiasTan da antisemitizmTan brZola evropaSi,<br />
www.eumc.eu.int/<br />
� evropis umciresobebi (MoE), http://www-moe-online.com<br />
� umciresobebis warmomadgeneli axalgazrda qalebi (WFM),<br />
www.wfmonline.org<br />
boSebi<br />
� boSaTa uflebebis evropis centri (ERRC), www.errc.org<br />
� boSaTa saerTaSoriso kavSiri, www.romaniunion.org<br />
� Union Romani (espaneTi), www.unionromani.org<br />
� qseluri Jurnali Patrin, www.geocites.com/Paris/5121/patrin.htm<br />
invalidebi<br />
� msoflio instituti invalidebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (WID),<br />
www.wid.org<br />
� inavlidebis evropis forumi, www.edf-feph.org<br />
imigrantebi da ltolvilebi<br />
� ltolvilTa saqmeebis gaeros umaRlesi komisari: www.unhcr.org<br />
� portali migrantebis uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb, www.december18.net<br />
� maRribis qveynebis muSaTa asociacia safrangeTSI, www.atmf.org<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
457
� SOLIDAR _ arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saerTaSoriso aliansi,<br />
istoriulad dakavSirebuli profkavSirul moZraobasTan da<br />
Tavisufali da demokratouli muSaobis moZraobasTan,<br />
www.solidar.org<br />
� evrosabWo ltolvilTa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa<br />
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, www.ecre.org/<br />
religia<br />
� gaerTianebuli religiuri iniciativa, www.uri.org/index.htm<br />
� baha’i-s rwmena (saiti Baha’i World), www.bahai,org/<br />
� islamis Sesaxeb _ islam 21 proeqtis saiti, musulmanuri dialogis<br />
saerTaSoriso forumi, www.islam21.net/<br />
� forumi islamofobiisa da rasizmis winaaRmdeg (didi britaneTi),<br />
www.fairuk.org<br />
� sikhizmis Sesaxeb / sikhizmis vebgverdi, www.sikhs.org<br />
� induizmis Sesaxeb _ induisturi resursebi qselSi, www.hindu.org<br />
� qristianobis Sesaxeb: eklesiaTa msoflio sabWo, eklesiaTa<br />
saeklesio Tanamegobroba yvela kontinentis 120-ze met qveyanaSi,<br />
aerTianebs praqtikulad yvela qristianul konfesias, www.wcccoe.org/<br />
� kaTolikuri eklesia _ vatikanis vebsaiti, www.vatican.va<br />
� aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis, www.orthodoxinfo.com/<br />
� rusuli marTmaldidebluri eklesia, www.russian-orthodoxhurch.org.ru/<br />
� iudaizmis Sesaxeb _ SamaSi: ebrauli qseluri informacia da<br />
sadiskusio klubi internetSi, http://shamash.org/about.shtml<br />
antisemitizmi<br />
� antisemitizmi da qsenofobia dRes, rasizmis, qsenofobiis da<br />
gansakuTrebiT antisemitizmis mdgomareobis qseluri gamoZieba yvela<br />
qveyanaSi, www.axt.org.uk<br />
� liga sicruis winaaRmdeg, www.adl.org<br />
� msoflio evropis kongresi: www.wjc.org.il<br />
homoseqsualizmisa da lesboselobis sakiTxebi<br />
� lesboselebisa da geebis saerTaSoriso asociacia. www.ilga.org<br />
� strategiuli gamoZiebebis instituti homoseqsualizmisa da<br />
lesboselobis sferoSi, www.iglss.org<br />
� ~faqtebi seqsualuri orientaciisa da seqsualuri prekoncefciebis<br />
Sesaxeb~, http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/index.html<br />
� lesboselebisa da geebis saerTaSoriso axalgazrduli asociacia<br />
(IGLYO), www.iglyo.org<br />
gamoyenebuli masalebi<br />
Alaux,J.P., Benot,Y., et Al., Egalite sans frontiere: les immigres ne sont pas une marchandise.Les<br />
notes de la Fondasion Copernic, Haut Conseil de la Cooperation International, Editions Syllepses,<br />
Paris, 2002<br />
458 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
Brander, P., Cardenas, C., Gomes, R., Vicente abad, J, Taylor, M., Education pack ”all different –<br />
all equal”, Council of Europe European Youth Centre Strasburg, 1995<br />
Crimes of Hate, Conspiracy of silence, Amnesty International. London 2001<br />
Liegeois, J-P, Roma, Gypsies, travellers, Council of Europe Press, Strasburg, 1994<br />
Ohana,Y., Participation and citizenship – Training for minoroty yioth projects in Europe, (ed),<br />
Council of Europe Publishing, 1998<br />
Patrin Web Journal (www.geocites.com/Paris/5121/ )<br />
Symonides, J., Ed., “The sruggle against discrimination”, A collection of international instruments<br />
adopted by the United nations System, Unesco, Paris, 1996.<br />
Taguieff, P-A., La force du prejuge, Gallimard, Paris, 1987<br />
“Xenophobia in a European context”, Mind and human interactin, Vil.9, No1, University of Virginia,<br />
2001<br />
media<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
459
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� uflebebisaTvis<br />
mebrZolebi<br />
� internetis gavlena<br />
� TamaSi `daxate sityva~<br />
� dasureTebuli TamaSebi<br />
� roca xval dadageba<br />
� pirveli gverdi<br />
Tavis avtobiografiaSi prezidenti mandela ixsenebs, rodesac igi<br />
SeCerda CrdiloeT polaruli wris erT patara qalaqSi gus beiSi, sadac<br />
axalgazrda iniutebis jgufi mivida masTan:<br />
“... rodesac am niWier axalgazrdebs velaparakebodi me gavige rom maT<br />
nanaxi hqondaT Cemi satelevizio gamosvla da icnobdnen samxreT<br />
afrikaSi ganviTarebul movlenebs. “VIVA ANC!” Tqva erT-erTma<br />
maTganma. inuitebi arian aborigenebi, romlebsac istoriulad cudad<br />
epyrobodnen TeTrkaniani mosaxleoba. arsebobda paralelebi samxreT<br />
afrikis Savkanianebsa da inuitebis Soris. magram Cemze yvelaze Zlieri<br />
STabeWdileba moaxdina faqtma, Tu rogor dapataravda msoflio Cems<br />
mier cixeSi gatarebuli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi. CemTvis gasaocari<br />
iyo, rom `samyaros WerSi~ mcxovreb Tineijer inuitebs SeeZloT<br />
enaxaT politpatimris ganTavisufleba afrikis samxreT nawilSi.<br />
televiziam SekumSa msoflio da am procesSi is gaxda uZlieresi<br />
iaraRi ucodinrobis aRmofxvrisa da demokratiis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis.”35<br />
prezident mandelas mier aRwerili erTi konkretuli magaliTi naTlad<br />
gviCvenebs kavSiris sxvadasxva saxeobebis gavrcelebis eqsponencialur<br />
siswrafes. saukuneze cota meti xnis win 1895 wels markonim gagzavna<br />
pirveli Setyobineba arasakabelo kavSiris saSualebiT; 2 aTwleuliT adre<br />
edisonma gamoigona fonografi. uaxles aTwleulebSi aRiniSna teqnikuri<br />
progresi, romelic gansakuTrebiT daCqarda radiosa da televiziis<br />
gamogonebis da Sesabamisad maTi saSualebiT translaciis Semdeg.<br />
Tanamderove translaciis prognozireba Zneli iyo 1957 wlis oqtomberSi,<br />
rodesac sabWoTa mecnierebma orbitaze pirveli Tanamgzavri sputniki<br />
gauSves, naxevarmetriani diametris metalis burTi, romelic Seqmnili iyo<br />
dedamiwis maRali atmosferuli Sreebis simkvrivis Sesaswavlad. es movlena<br />
gadaicemoda radioTi da sateliti ki gars uvlida dedamiwas mxolod sami<br />
Tvis ganmvlobaSi. 12 wlis Semdeg aSS-Si televizia gadascems Cveni<br />
460 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
planetis, rogorc erTi mTliani sxeulis gamosaxulebas da pirvel<br />
adamians, romelmac fexi dadga mTvareze.<br />
dRes “erTiani samyaros” da satelituri kavSiris ideam gadamwyveti<br />
roli mTavari SeiZina globaluri da adgilobrivi sakiTxebis gadaWraSi.<br />
pirveli saerTaSoriso satelituri sistema, intelsati 1965 wels<br />
amoqmedda. mas Semdeg telekomunikaciis, sainformacio teqnologiis, da<br />
optikuri eleqtronikis Tanamedrove saSualebebi gaerTianda tradiciulad<br />
gagebul “masmediaSi” raTa xalxisTvis miecaT mravalferovanis<br />
instrumentebis uprecedento speqtri – martivi mobiluri telefonidan<br />
intrenetamde – maTi aRqmis gamdidrebisaTvis, azris gamoxatvisaTvis,<br />
sxvebTan interaqtiuli urTierTobisaTvis, cvlilebebis gagebisa da maTze<br />
reagirebisaTvis.<br />
mediis sferoSi TviT cvlilebis aRqmis koncefcia radikalur<br />
transformacias ganicdis: radios 38 weli dasWirda 50 milioni<br />
raodenobiT momxmarebelze gasavrceleblad, 13 televizias da 16<br />
kompiuters, internets ki mxolod 4 weli dasWirda.<br />
informaciiT gadatvirTuli samyaros problemebi<br />
iuneskos kulturisa da ganviTarebis komisia, romelic xels uwyobs<br />
Tanamedrove sakomunikacio tendenciebis da dasavleT kulturis<br />
centraluri rolis analizs globalizaciis procesSi, aRniSnavs, rom<br />
axali teqnologiebi aqamde ararsebuli masStabis SesaZleblobebs<br />
sTavazoben medias. cenzuris tradiciuli formebiT ganxorcieleba TandaTan<br />
rTuli gaxda, medias SeuZlia gaaZlieros globaluri solidarobis grZnoba<br />
da multimediuri teqnologiebi axal SemoqmedebiT da inteleqtualur<br />
amocanebs gvTavazoben. aslebis gamravlebisa da gavrcelebis sistemis<br />
simartivem nebismieri mTavrobisaTvis bevrad ufro rTuli gaxada xalxis<br />
mier miRebuli da gagzavnili informaciis kontroli, rom aRaraferi<br />
vTqvaT cenzuraze. dRevandeli media xels uwyobs sazogadoebrivpolitikur<br />
moZraobebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Seqmnas<br />
informirebulobis gazrdis saSualebiT. is aseve aZlierebs globaluri<br />
solidarobis grZnobas, romlis gareSec globaluri eTika ver<br />
daixveweboda. “adamianuri tanjvis media-imijebi ubiZgebs?? adamianebs<br />
gamoxaton TavianTi SeSfoTeba da solidaroba maTgan daSorebul adgilebSi<br />
mcxovrebi xalxis mimarT, wvlili Seitanon maTTvis gasaWiris<br />
SemsubuqebaSi da mTavrobisagan moiTxovon ganmarteba da zomebis Sesabamisi<br />
miReba.”<br />
xazi unda gaesvas uaryofiT aspeqtebsac. am momentisaTvis 100-ze meti<br />
Jurnalisti aris cixeSi 20-ze met qveyanaSi (SesaZloa es ricxobrivi<br />
monacemi Semcirebulic kia) maTi garantirebuli sityvis Tvaisuflebis<br />
uflebis gamoyenebisaTvis, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT maTze vinc sicocxle<br />
Seswira sakuTar profesias.<br />
saSualebebis xelmisawvdomoba aris kidev erTi problema, romelic<br />
aRniSvnis Rirsia. rogor SeiZleba komunikaciurma revoluciam miaRwios<br />
miliardobiT adamians ganviTarebadi qveynebis asobiT aTas dasaxlebaSi<br />
eleqtroenergiis gareSe? isini kvlav rCebian uarqonoebad sainformacio<br />
revoluciaSi. isini ki visac xeli miuwvdebaT ZiriTadad umciresobas<br />
warmoadgenen _ ganviTarebuli qveynebis moqalaqeebi da sxva qveynebis did<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
21 noemberi<br />
televiziis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
17 maisi<br />
msoflio<br />
telekomunikaciebis dRe<br />
“yvelas aqvs Tavisuflad<br />
azris gamoTqmis ufleba; es<br />
ufleba moicavs azrovnebis<br />
Tavisuflebas Carevis gareSe<br />
da nebismieri mediis<br />
saSualebiT informaciis da<br />
ideebis moZiebas, miRebas da<br />
gavrcelebas<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi sazRvrebis<br />
miuxedavad.”<br />
muxli 19, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaracia<br />
461
icodiT rom...<br />
qalaqebSi mcxovreblebi, romlebsac aqvT saSualeba CaerTon satelituri<br />
televiziis mauwyeblobaSi da saerTaSoriso kompiuterul qselSi.<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis infrastruqturis jaWvis yvelaze susti rgoli xSirad aris “ukanaskneli mili”<br />
valutis gadamcvleli punqtidan saxlamde. komunikaciebis TvalsazrisiT zogierTi afrikuli qveyana<br />
namdvilad iseTi Raribia, rom yovel 1000 kacze erTze naklebi satelefono xazia. an ufro mkafio<br />
Sedareba rom moviyvanoT tokioSi an manhetenSi ufro meti telefonia vidre mTel afrikaSi. 1999 wlis<br />
moxseneba adamianis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gvTavazobs satelefono xazebis, televizorebis,<br />
faqsebis, personaluri kompiuterebis da internet mimwodeblebis xelmisawvdomobis detalur SedarebiT<br />
informacias mTeli msoflios masStabiT. ganviTarebul qveynebSi yovel 1000 kacze saSualod 502<br />
satelefono xazi, 595 tlevizori, 45 faqsi, 204 kompiuteri da 35 internet mimwodebeli modis, maSin<br />
rodesac ganviTarebad qveynebSi yovel 1000 kacze saSualod 4 satelefono xazi, 36 televizori, 0.2<br />
faqsi da xolo komiuteris an internet mimwodeblis ricxvi TiTqmis nuls udris. amJamad radio<br />
erTaderT saSualebad rCeba, romelic sakmarisad gavrcelebulia mTel msoflioSi da aseve pasuxobs<br />
zepiri metyvelebis kulturis moTxovnebs.<br />
ra gavlena aqvs am swraf cvlilebebs msoflio movlenebis<br />
Cveneul aRqmaze?<br />
mediis cvalebad bunebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos 3 mniSvnelovani<br />
ganzomileba: 36<br />
1. telekomunikaciebis da media teqnologiebis swrafma ganviTarebam<br />
Secvala mediis buneba. rogorc drois aseve sivrcis TvalsazrisiT<br />
isini xdebian mimdinare movlenebis ganuyofeli nawili. pirdapiri<br />
eTeri damoukidebel movlenad iqca. amis magaliTia aSS-s jarebis<br />
gadasxma somalSi da haitSi da moskovis TeTr saxlsa da<br />
ostankinos satelevizio sadgurze Tavdasxmebi.<br />
2. arademokratiul qveynebSi da arakonsolidirebuli demokratiis<br />
pirobebSi politikosebs Zlieri da gadamwyveti gavlena aqvT<br />
mediaze. demokratiul sazogadoebebSi politikosebi cdiloben<br />
gavlena moaxdino mediaze, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia reklamirebis<br />
PR –s saSualebiT. meores mxriv medias Tavad SeuZlia gadamwyveti<br />
gavlenis moxdena politikosebis qcevasa da gadawyvetilebebze.<br />
3. komercializacia Trgunavs programebis mravalferovnebas, iseve<br />
rogorc umciresobebis, alternatiuli kulturebis da<br />
subkulturebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul programebs. ufro<br />
maRali mayurebelTa reitingis Zieba aisaxeba axali ambebis da<br />
mimdinare movlenebis gadmocemaSi. sainformacio saSualebebiT axali<br />
ambebis warmodgena, dokumenturi masalebis SerCeva gamoirCeva<br />
zedmeti banalurobiT, sensaciurobiT da skandalurobiT. Sesabamisad<br />
seriozuli siaxleebi nakleb adgils ikavebs mediaSi. naklebi<br />
survili arsebobs daifaros sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblobebis<br />
xarjebi, romlebic amJamad iZulebuli arian gadavidnen komerciul<br />
sawyisebze. am procesSi yvelaze mets sazogadoeba kargavs – is<br />
kargavs sainformacio wyaros.<br />
462 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
alternativis saWiroeba<br />
gansakuTrebiT mRelvarebis da agresiuli konfliqtebis dros,<br />
rogoricaa mag. balkaneTis regionSi mimdinare movlenebi “axalma arxebma<br />
informaciis Tavisufali miwodebisaTvis Tavis wvlili unda Seitanon<br />
pluralizmis, ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebaSi, demokratiaSi da<br />
mSvidobaSi... treining programebma Jurnalisturi eTikis Sesaxeb unda<br />
aswavlos Jurnalistebs prekoncefciebisa da diskriminaciis mZafri aRqma.”<br />
erT-erTma wamyvanma intrenet portalma, romelic avrcelebs<br />
informacias adamiani uflebebis Sesaxeb One World (www.oneworld.net)<br />
Semdegnairad Seajama mediaSi arsebuli demokratiis amJamindeli 4<br />
problema:<br />
1. sityvis Tavisufleba. rogorc wesi mediis demokratiulobis Sesaxeb<br />
bevri diskusia aqcents akeTebs azris gamoTqmis Tavisuflebaze.<br />
gansakuTrebiT civi omis wlebSi dasavleTis qveynebi sakuTari<br />
miznebisaTvis efeqturad iyenebdnen sabWoTa blokSi arsebul<br />
saxelmwifo cenzuras, ris antipodadac asaxelebdnen TiTqosda<br />
maTTan arsebul sityvis absolutur Tavisuflebas. Tumca bevr<br />
SemTxvevebSi sityvis Tavisufleba jer kidev ar aris bolomde<br />
realizebuli mTel msoflioSi. konkretulad am Temaze yuradRebis<br />
koncentraciam daCrdila uamravi qveynis sainformacio saSualebebSi<br />
arsebuli demokratiis problemebi.<br />
regionaluri enebis an enobrivi umciresobebis (1992) evropis qartiis 11 muxli sainformacio<br />
saSualebebis Sesaxeb<br />
mxareebi iReben valdebulebas, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake momxmareblisaTvis im<br />
teritoriebze, sadac am enebze laparakoben TiTouli enis situaciidan gamomdinare saxelmwifo<br />
organoebis kompetenciis farglebSi, romlebic pirdapir an arapirdapir asruleben garkveul rols am<br />
sferoSi da aqvT Zalaubeleba, pativs scemen damoukideblobis princips da mediis avtonomiurobas;<br />
a. im xarisxiT, ra xarisxiTac radio da televizia asruleben saxelmwifoebrivi samsaxuris rols<br />
i) uzrunvelyon ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTi radiosadguris da erTi satelevizio arxis Camoyalibeba,<br />
romelTa mauwyeblobac iqneba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an<br />
ii) xeli Seuwyon an/da mxari dauWiron ukidures SemTxvevaSi erTi radiosadguris da erTi satelevizio<br />
arxis Camoyalibebas, romelTa mauwyeblobac iqneba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an<br />
iii) miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa teleradiomauwyeblobma gaiTvaliswonon TavianT uwyebaSi regionalur an<br />
umciresobaTa enebze programebis arseboba.<br />
2. gaigoneben Tqven xmas? mediaSi demokratia bevrad mets niSnavs<br />
vidre ubralod “imis Tqma rac mogesurveba”. mediis<br />
demokratiuloba niSnavs saSualebas gamoTqva sakuTari azri ise,<br />
rom sxebma gaigonon–. maSin rodesac teqnologiebma rogorc<br />
arasdros ise gaadvila Tqveni sakuTari Jurnalis gamocema (an<br />
Tqveni sakuTari video axali ambebis Cawera) kidev ufro rTuli<br />
gaxda am masalis Tundac yvelaze mcire auditoriisTvis miwodeba.<br />
maSinac ki Tu Tqven ipoviT distributors, romelic mas<br />
gaavrcelebs jer kidev arsebul mcirericxovan damoukidebel<br />
organizaciebSi, romlebis daTanxmdebian mis realizacias, is faqti<br />
rom Tqven ar SegiZliaT milionebis daxarjva reklmaze<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
463
azris gamoTqmis<br />
Tavisufleba – kidev<br />
bevri ram aris<br />
gasakeTebeli<br />
“bevri Jurnalisti mTel<br />
msoflioSi evropis CaTvliT<br />
kvlav arian Seuracyofili,<br />
idevnebian, da klaven<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis<br />
aqtualuri sakiTxebis<br />
gaSuqebis gamo, Tqva<br />
evrosabWos generalurma<br />
mdivanma valter Svimerma<br />
presis Tavisuflebis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRis<br />
aRsaniSnavad gakeTebul<br />
moxsenebaSi. (3 maisi, 2001).<br />
39 “<br />
sakuTrebis koncentracia<br />
yovelwliurad niSnavs, rom mxolod ramodenime adamiani Tu<br />
gaecnoba Tqvens gamocemas.<br />
3. sakuTrebis koncentracia. Tavis ufro daxvewil formaSi cenzura<br />
miiRweva ara samarTlebrivi represiis gziT, aramed maTi<br />
Sexedulebebis hegemoniis SenarCunebis izniT garTianebuli<br />
kapitalisturi organizaciebis saSulebiT. yvelaze gavleniani axali<br />
media berketebi (erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso) kvlav<br />
koncentrirebulia umciresobis xelSi, kerZo mflobelobaSi an<br />
samTavrobo monopoliaSi. es niSnavs, rom media biznesis udides<br />
nawils flobs industriuli gigantebis mcire ricxvi. iqneba es<br />
individualuri qveyanis Tu TandaTan mzardi saerTaSoriso<br />
masStabiT, es kartelebi efeqturad akontroleben gamosaxulebebs<br />
da ambebs, romlis saSualebiTac Cven aRviqvamT samyaros. WeSmariti<br />
demokratiuli mravalferovnebis nacvlad Cven gvTavazoben<br />
erTidaigive produqciis arasrul versias (SefuTvis mcire<br />
variaciebiT).<br />
4. usafrTxoeba. mravalferovnebis nakleboba seriozul Sedegebs<br />
iwvevs, radganac TandaTan rTuldeba alternativebis Setana mediis<br />
orTodoqsalur nakadSi. ramdenad gaSuqda CrdiloeT amerikis da<br />
dasavleT evropis asobiT aTasi kampaniis wevris gamosvla maTi<br />
qveynebis erayze Tavdasxmis winaaRmdeg spaseTis yureSi? mediis<br />
SezRuduli demokratiulobas mivyavarT SezRudul politikur<br />
demokratiulobamde, radganac alternatiuli ideebi Segnebulad<br />
aris CamoSorebuli xalxis yuradRebas (gansakuTrebiT Tu maT<br />
SeuZliaT reklamis momcemTa interesebi Selaxva).<br />
“2 birTvuli iaraRis mwarmoebeli qarxana flobs aSS-s 2 satelevizio qsels – General Electric flobs<br />
NBC da Westinghouse CBC. kidev erT qsels flobs animaciuri filmebis kompania – Disney flobs ABC”,<br />
SeSfoTebuli acxadebda aSS-s prezidentobis kandidati ralf naideri. erT sareklamo jgufs SeuZlia<br />
dRes aiTvisos bazris 40%. sakuTrebis koncentracia iwvevs kulturuli hegemoniis saSiSroebas, rasac<br />
rogorc amas American On Line (AOL), Time Warner da Turner group kompaniebis Serwymac adasturebs.<br />
? fiqrobT, rom xangrZlivi komerciuli propaganda mediis<br />
saSualebiT gvarTmevs Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis<br />
SesaZleblobas?<br />
? fiqrobT, rom axalgazrdebis mier televiziiT arasaTanado<br />
masalis yureba, romelic magaliTad Seicavs rasistul an<br />
Zaladobis scenebs gavlenas axdens maT azrovnebasa da<br />
damokidebulebaze?<br />
464 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da media<br />
1. Baltic Media Centre (saiformacio saSualebebis baltiis centri) _ damoukidebeli arakomerciuli<br />
organizacia, romelic xels uwyobs demokratias, socialuri ganviTarebas da saerTaSoriso<br />
TanamSromlobas mSvidobis saxeliT sakuTar muSaobaSi sainformacio saSualebebisTvis aqtiuri<br />
monawileobisaken mowodebis gziT, www.bmc.dk<br />
2. AIM – Alternativa Informativa Mrea (alternatiuli sainformacio qseli) _ yofili iugoslaviis da<br />
balkaneTis samxreTis damoukidebl JurnalistTa organizacia, romelic fasiani momsaxureobis saxiT<br />
avrcelebs dawvrilebiT informacias adgilobriv da inglisur enebze, www.aimpress.org<br />
3. Reporteures sans Frontiere (Jurnalistebi sazRvrebs gareSe) _ organizacia, romelic avrcelebs<br />
informacias Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb, romlebis aSkarad gamoxatavdnen sakuTar mosazrebebs da amis gamo<br />
amJamad safrTxeSi imyofebian. is organizebas ukeTebs peticiebis Segrovebas da safrTxeSi myofi<br />
JurnalistebisaTvis Suamdgomlobis daweras. damatebiTi informacia ixileT: www.rsf.fr<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. moxseneba adamianis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb 1999w-s, gaeros ganviTarebis programa,<br />
www.undp.org<br />
2. moxseneba adamianis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb 2001w-s, gaeros ganviTarebis programa,<br />
www.undp.org www.humanrights.coe.int/media/<br />
3. `Cveni Semoqmedi mravalferovneba~, saerTaSoriso komisiis moxseneba kulturisa da<br />
ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, UNESCO, 1995<br />
4. saerTaSoriso moxseneba komunikaciisa da informaciis Sesaxeb, UNESCO-s gamocema,<br />
1999<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
465
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� simarTlisaTvis<br />
mebrZolebi<br />
� frTxilad, Cven vxedavT<br />
� amoirCie<br />
� sad dgaxarT?<br />
� gmirebi<br />
� miviRoT Tu ara<br />
monawiloba arCevnebSi?<br />
� TamaSi `daxate sityvas~<br />
� inscenireba<br />
� vin varT Cven?<br />
� ganaTleba yvelasaTvis<br />
� molaparakebebi<br />
profkavSirebTan<br />
� ori qalaqis ambavi<br />
� dae yvela xma iyos<br />
mosmenili<br />
� baRi erT RameSi<br />
� TanamSromlobis kvanZebi<br />
� eleqtrosadguri<br />
martivi xedva...<br />
moqalaqeoba<br />
msoflioSi adamianebis umravlesoba aris ama Tu im saxelmwifos<br />
moqalaqe da es aniWebs maT garkveul privilegiebs an uflebebs.<br />
moqalaqeoba pirovnebebs aseve akisrebs garkveul valdebulebebs<br />
saxelmwifos mimarT misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi. amdenad, moqalaqeebi<br />
asruleben garkveul valdebulebebs saxelmwifos winaSe da sanacvlod<br />
moelian maTi sasicocxlo interesebis dacvas. yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />
Teoriulad es ase unda iyos.<br />
sirTuleebi...<br />
arsebobs 2 ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romelic arTulebs am martiv gantolebas:<br />
1. romeli uflebebis garantireba aris saxelmwifos valdebuleba da<br />
ra pirobiT?<br />
2. ra emarTebaT moqalaqeebs, romlebic ama Tu im mizeziT ar arian<br />
daculebi im qveynis mier romlis moqalaqeebic isini arian?<br />
pirvel SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa ufro mkafio warmodgena<br />
gvqondes ras niSnavs iyo moqalaqe an moqalaqeoba. amas Cven qvemoT<br />
ganvixilavT. meore SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad unda ganvixiloT ratom ar<br />
aqvs zogierT adamians im qveynis moqalaqeoba sadac is cxovrobs da ra<br />
unda gakeTdes am mimarTulebiT. es debatebi ubralod dasawyisia da am<br />
nawilSi Cven mxolod garkveul SekiTxvebs davsvamT.<br />
ra aris moqalaqeoba?<br />
xalxi msjelobs moqalaqeobaze ukve aTasobiT welia da DdResac ki ar<br />
arsebobs raime absoluturi SeTanxmeba imaze Tu ras niSnavs is zustad.<br />
kanonieri moqalaqeobis koncefcia SedarebiT martivi Cans: is Cveulebriv<br />
dakavSirebulia nacionalur saxelmwifosTan da ganisazRvreba am<br />
466 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saxelmwifos kanonis mixedviT. albaT amitomac aris rom bevrisTvis<br />
moqalaqeobis idea pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli patriotizmTan: “kargi<br />
moqalaqe” xSirad ganixileba rogorc “kargi patrioti”.<br />
magram moqalaqobis koncefcia bevrad ufro rTulia vidre ubralod<br />
patriotizmi. rogorc es Cans am ideis istoriuli warmomavlobidan,<br />
romelic Camoyalibebulia Semdeg nawilSi. kargi iqneboda gvaxsovdes<br />
gansxvaveba erTis mixriv moqalaqesa da meores mxriv subieqts Soris.<br />
?moqalaqeebi yovelTvis unda daemorCilon kanons?<br />
moqalaqeobis istoriuli gaazreba<br />
kargi iqneba gadavxedoT moqalaqeobis ideis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan<br />
aspeqtebs, radganac es dagvexmareba gaviazroT misi mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva<br />
aspeqtebi, romlebic dRes farTod ganixileba.<br />
� moqalaqeobis warmoSobis kvals mivyavarT antikur saberZnebTamde,<br />
sadac “moqalaqeebi” iyvnen isini, visac ufleba hqonda monawileoba<br />
mieRoT saxelmwifos saqmeebSi. magram yvela ar iyo moqalaqe:<br />
qalebi da monebi ubralo subieqtebi iyvnen. maT visac hqondaT<br />
moqalaqis privilegirebuli statusi, maTTvis “samoqalaqo<br />
keTilismyofeli” an `keTilsindisieri moqalaqe~ am koncefciis<br />
mniSvnelovani nawili iyo. am tradiciam migviyvana im movaleobebis<br />
xazgasmamde, romlebic moqalaqeebs unda SeesrulebinaT.<br />
� moqalaqeobis gaigiveba erovnul TviTmyofadobasTan bunebrivad<br />
aRmocenda im faqtidan, rom moqalaqis samarTlebrivi statusi<br />
yovelTvis dakavSirebuli iyo nacionalur saxelmwifosTan, swored<br />
aqedan gamomdinareobs kavSiri moqalaqeobasa da patriotizms Soris.<br />
� moqalaqeobis liberaluri gaazreba, romelic Camoyalibda XIX<br />
saukuneSi xazs usvamda uflebebis mniSvnelobas yvela<br />
moqalaqisaTvis. am privilegiis TandaTanobiT ganvrcobasTan erTad<br />
politikuri uflebebi da samarTlianoba mosaxleobis mzardi<br />
nawilisaTvis realoba gaxda.<br />
� me-20 saukuneSi “socialuri moqalaqeobis” mxardamWerebi ufro<br />
Sors wavidnen da aRiares, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebi mxolod nawilia imisa, rasac moqalaqeebi unda moelodnen<br />
saxelmwifosagan. socialurad uzrunvelyofili saxelmwifos<br />
formireba gasul saukuneSi didad umadloda moazrovneebs,<br />
romlebic amtkicebdnen, rom moqalaqeebis uflebebi unda<br />
gavrcelebuliyo cxovrebis da muSaobis pirobebze da ar unda<br />
Semofargluliyo mxolod `did politikaSi” monawileobiT.<br />
� “mraval moqalaqeobis” koncefcia ukve sakmaod didi xania arsebobs<br />
da saSualebas iZleva, rom adamianebi erTdroulad iyvnen erTze<br />
meti saxelmwifos an saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnis moqalaqeebi.<br />
mag. evrokavSiris ganviTarebasTan erTad wevri saxelmwifoebis<br />
moqalaqeebi TandaTan ufro met uflebebs da movaleobebs iReben<br />
mTlianad kavSiris mimarT, vidre hqondaT mxolod maT<br />
saxelmwifosTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
� moqalaqeobis koncefciis saboloo standarti, romlis mniSvnelobac<br />
TandaTanobiT izrdeba, moicavs ganaTlebis ideasac. Tu moqalaqeoba<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“moqalaqeoba aris rTuli da<br />
mravalganzomilebiani<br />
realoba romelic unda<br />
ganixilebodes istoriul da<br />
politikur konteqstSi. ar<br />
SeiZleba moqalaqeobaze<br />
saubari izolirebulad,<br />
radganac am ideas mxolod<br />
maSin aqvs azri rodesac is<br />
kavSirSia sazogadoebis an<br />
politikuri sistemis<br />
realur moTxovnebTan.<br />
demokratiuli moqalaqeoba<br />
konkretulad niSnavs<br />
individebis aqtiur<br />
monawileobas uflebebis da<br />
valdebulebebis sistemaSi,<br />
anu demokratiul<br />
sazogadoebaSi bevri<br />
moqalaqea.”<br />
467
“yvela aris is, rac RmerTma<br />
Seqmna da xSirad bevrad<br />
imaze uaresic”<br />
migel de servantesi<br />
“martivad rom vTqvaT,<br />
subieqti emorCileba<br />
kanonebs, xolo moqalaqe ki<br />
Rebulobs monawileobas maT<br />
Seqmnasa da SecvlaSi”.<br />
b. kriki<br />
tradiciuli gagebiT moicavs uflebebiT sargeblobas da aseve<br />
movaleobebis Sesrulebas, maSin SeiZleba ganvacxadoT, rom<br />
moqalaqeebad ar ibadebian, moqalaqeebad yalibdebian. magaliTad,<br />
erTguleba da pasuxismgebloba aris Tvisebebi, romlebic unda<br />
iswavlebodes da yalibdebodes. maSasadame, Tu es Tvisebebi<br />
fundamenturia moqalaqed yofnisaTis am sityvis sruli<br />
mniSvnelobiT maSin “namdvili” moqalaqe unda aRizardos am sityvis<br />
farTo mniSvnelobiT.<br />
dRes umravlesobis mier moqalaqeobis gaazreba moicavs zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili 6-ve koncefciis elementebs Tumca sxvadasxva proporciiT.<br />
zogierTi xazs usvams “movaleobebis” elements, zogi ufro met<br />
mniSvnelobas aniWebs “uflebebs”, “patriotizms” an Tvisebebs, romlebic<br />
unda gaaCndes “namdvil” moqalaqes.<br />
kavSiri adamianis uflebebTan<br />
Cven vxedavT, rom uflebebic da movaleobebic moqalaqeobis ideis<br />
mniSvnelovani nawilia misi arsebobis dasawyisidanve: moqalaqeebs unda<br />
gaaCndeT garkveuli fundamenturi uflebebi, da maT aseve moTxovebaT<br />
Seasrulon garkveuli movaleobebi. adamianebs zustad es “movaleobebi” an<br />
pasuxismgeblobebi aqvT mxedvelobaSi rodesac laparakoben rogori unda<br />
iyos moqalaqe da rogor unda moiqces is.<br />
Tumca Tu aseTi gageba metismetad mkacri mogveCveneba an metismetad<br />
SezRudavs yoveli konkretuli moqalaqis Tavisuflebas da Rirsebas, maSin<br />
mniSvnelovania gavixsenoT, rom es SezRudva aris adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Teoriis pirdapiri Sedegi. iseTi sazogadoebis Seqmna, romelic pativs<br />
scems yoveli moqalaqis adamianur Rirsebas aris mxolod survili,<br />
romelic garkveul pasuxismgeblobas gvakisrebs yvela Cvengans rogorc<br />
moqalaqeebs.<br />
arsebobs 2 uSualo kavSiri samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobasa da adamianis<br />
uflebaTa Teorias Soris.<br />
1. faqti, rom yovel individs gaaCnia adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi<br />
aravis aZlevs uflebas moiqces ise, rogorc mas surs. maT aqvT<br />
ufleba moiqcnen rogorc surT, vidre ar Seexebian sxva individebis<br />
uflebebs. amdenad, kargi moqalaqis Sesaxeb zustad SegviZlia<br />
vTqvaT, rom is moiTxovs moqalaqeebisagan pativi scen sxvebis<br />
uflebebs.<br />
2. meore mWidro kavSiri adamianis uflebebTan vlindeba Tu rogor<br />
aris dakavSirebuli moqalaqeobis koncefcia sazogadoebis<br />
wevrobasTan. magaliTad, Cven ar vsaubrobT dausaxlebeli<br />
kunZulebis moqalaqeebze, radganac moqalaqe bevrad metia vidre<br />
ubralod romelime qveynis an regionis macxovrebeli. moqalaqe<br />
ZiriTadad aris sazogadoebis wevri, romelic cxovrobs am<br />
regionSi; amdenad, Tu Cven gvainteresebs sazogadoebis Seqmna,<br />
romelic pativs scems adamianis uflebebs, es awesebs kidev erT<br />
damatebiT SezRudvas am sazogadoebaSi mcxovrebi individebis<br />
qcevaze.<br />
468 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
amdenad, kidev erTi rac SegviZlia vTqvaT kargi moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb<br />
iqneba is, rom moqalaqeoba moiTxovs qcevas, romelic sazogadoebas miiyvans<br />
adamianis uflebebis ufro met pativiscemamde.<br />
? ra unda gaakeTos moqalaqem rodesac sazogadoeba ver axerxebs<br />
daicvas sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilis uflebebi?<br />
moqalaqeobis problema<br />
dReisaTvis debatebis umravlesoba, romelic exeba moqalaqeobas<br />
aqcentirebulia moqalaqeebis monawileobis gazrdis problemaze da maT<br />
CarTvaze demokratiuli sazogadoebis procesebSi. TandaTan ufro metad<br />
xdeba gacnobiereba, rom moqalaqeebis mier periodulad xmis micema<br />
arasakmarisia im pirebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dasayeneblad,<br />
romlebic arCevnebs Soris arsebul periodSi axorcieleben mmarTvelobas,<br />
es aseve arasakmarisia ubralo moqalaqeebis mier sakuTari uflebebis<br />
gasaazreblad. ufro metic xmis micemis modelebic ki TavisTavad miuTiTebs<br />
politikuri apaTiis doneze mosaxleobaSi, rac seriozulad azianebs<br />
demokratiis efeqtur funqcionirebas. swored am problemebiT SeSfoTebam<br />
gamoiwvia evropis sabWos programis `demokratiuli moqalaqeobis<br />
ganviTarebis~ Camoyalibeba.<br />
? arCevnebSi xmis micemis garda, monawileobis ra forma aris<br />
daSvebuli Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebisTvis?<br />
sakiTxebis Semdegi kompleqti, romelsac DdRemde naklebi yuradReba<br />
eqceoda magram romlis mniSvnelobac izrdeba, Seexeba im individebis<br />
sakiTxebs, romlebic ama Tu im mizezebiT ar iyeneben moqalaqeobis yvela<br />
privilegiebs. amgvari viTarebis erT-erTi aspeqti aris xangrZlivi<br />
diskriminaciis Sedegi sazogadoebis SigniT: umciresobaTa jgufebs xSirad<br />
SeiZleba hqondeT im qveynis formaluri moqalaqeoba, romelSic cxovroben,<br />
magram SeiZleba ar hqondeT saSuleba srulad CaerTon am sazogadoebis<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
am problemis meore aspeqti aris mzardi globalizaciis Sedegi<br />
muSaobis da migraciis axali modelebis CarTviT, rasac mivyavarT iqamde,<br />
rom adamianebis didi raodenoba mTel msoflioSi cxovrobs sazRvargareT<br />
magram ara aqvT saSualeba ganacxadi Seitanon formaluri moqalaqeobis<br />
miRebaze. aseTi xalxi SeiZleba iyos imigranti muSaxeli, ltolvilebi,<br />
droebiTi macxovrebelebi an isini, visac gadawyvetili aqvs mudmivad<br />
dasaxleba sxva qveyanaSi.<br />
? ra unda iyos moqalaqeobis miRebis kriteriumebi mzard<br />
mravalkulturul samyaroSi? unda iyos imigranti muSaxeli<br />
uflebamosili isargeblos moqalaqeobis garkveuli<br />
privilegiebiT, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT formalur moqalaqeobaze?<br />
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis: evropis sabWo<br />
da axalgazrdebi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“Cemze didi STabeWdileba<br />
moaxdina aq myofi adamianis<br />
uflebebis axalgazrda<br />
aqtivistebis<br />
mravalricxovnebam. maTi<br />
codna da gamocdileba<br />
marwmunebs, rom Cven unda<br />
gavagrZeloTYadamianis<br />
uflebebis sferoSi<br />
ganaTlebis programa<br />
skolebSi da SevqmnaT ufro<br />
meti skolisgareSe<br />
savarjiSoebi moqalaqeobis<br />
swavlebisaTvis”<br />
q-ni marina kovinina, adamianis<br />
uflebebis axalgazrduli<br />
ganaTlebis forumis<br />
monawile, 2000<br />
469
evropis sabWos msgavsi dasaxelebis programa Seecada Seeqmna safuZveli<br />
evropaSi demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganaTlebis gansamtkiceblad. evropis<br />
sabWo mouwodebs wevr qveynebs CarTon es programa TavianT<br />
saganmanaTleblo, aRmzrdelobiT, kulturul da axalgazrdul programebSi<br />
da Tavad evropis sabWo aqtiurad muSaobs axali strategiebis da<br />
midgomebis gansazRvrisa da gavrcelebisTvis.<br />
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganaTlebis programis da deklaraciis<br />
proeqtSi (1999 w. aprili) gansazRvrulia Semdegi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi.<br />
ganaTleba demokratiuli ganviTarebis mizniT:<br />
� warmoadgens uwyveti swavlebis interaqtiul process, romelic<br />
iqmneba sxvadasxva konteqstebSi.<br />
� amzadebs qalebs da mamakacebs sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiuri<br />
rolis Sesrulebisa da pasuxismgeblobisaTvis maTi da maTi<br />
sazogadoebis momavlis formirebaSi.<br />
� miznad isaxavs adamianis uflebebis kulturis damkvidrebas,<br />
romelic uzrunvelyofs am uflebebis srul pativiscemas da maTgan<br />
gamomdinare pasuxismgeblobebis gaazrebas.<br />
� amzadebs xalxs mravalkulturul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisaTvis da<br />
gansxvavebebis mimarT codniT, gagebiT, SemwynareblobiT da<br />
zneobrivad midgomisaTvis.<br />
� aZlierebs socialur erTobas, urTierTgagebas da solidarobas.<br />
� unda moicvas yvela asakobrivi jgufi da sazogadoebis seqtori.<br />
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis erT-erTi<br />
mniSvnelovani nabiji aris is, rom miznad isaxavs sxvadasxva axalgazrduli<br />
qselebis, partniorobis, iniciativebis da a.S. mxardaWeras raTa<br />
waaxalisos axalgazrdebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi monawileobisaTvis.<br />
axalgazrdebi warmoadgenen miznobrivi mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawils.<br />
literatura<br />
b. kriki eseebi moqalaqeobaze Continuum, 2000<br />
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb ganaTleba (evropis sabWo) www.coe.int/T/E<br />
moqalaqeobis swavlebis Jurnali www.tandf.co.uk/journals/arfax/13621025.html<br />
k. kenedi (red) samoqalaqo ganaTleba da Tanamedrove saxelmwifo, Falmer Press, 1997<br />
d. oliveri, d. heteri, moqalaqeobis safuZvlebi. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994<br />
470 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
mSvidoba da Zaladoba<br />
ra kavSiria mSvidobasa da adamianis uflebebs Soris? aris<br />
mSvidoba adamianis ufleba?<br />
II msolfio omis dros adamianis uflebebis masiuri darRvevebi da<br />
mSvidobis survili da saWiroeba idga evropis sabWos Seqmnis saTaaveebTan.<br />
adamianis uflebaTa kultura aris winapiroba mSvidobis misaRwevad<br />
msoflios nebismier qveyanaSi. mSvidobis ufleba miekuTvneba adamianis mesame<br />
Taobis uflebebs anu e.w. koleqtiur uflebebs.<br />
gaeros ganaTlebis, samecniero da kulturis organizacia (iunesko)<br />
aris wamyvani organizacia, romelic aqtiur rols asrulebs am uflebis<br />
damkvidrebaSi. WeSmaritad, 1994 w. iuneskos maSindelma generalurma<br />
direqtorma gamosca saerTaSoriso mimarTva mSvidobis uflebis, rogorc<br />
adamianis uflebis dasaarseblad. 1997 w. winadadeba mSvidobis adamianis<br />
uflebad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb waredgina iuneskos generalur konferencias.<br />
winadadeba uaryofil iqna, magram mSvidobis ufleba kvlav rCeba gaeros<br />
dRis wesrigSi. 2001 w. dasawyisSi adamianis uflebaTa komisiam miiRo<br />
rezolucia mSvidobis uflebis damkvidrebis Sesaxeb.<br />
? fiqrobT, rom mSvidobis ufleba unda gamoiyos rogorc<br />
damoukidebeli kategoria, Tu is ukve aris arsebuli adamianis<br />
uflebaTa nawili?<br />
maSin ra aris mSvidoba?<br />
mSvidobis koncefcias gaaCnia mniSvnelovani kulturologiuri<br />
ganzomilebebi. tradiciulad aRmosavlur kulturebSi mSvidobas ufro<br />
meti saerTo aqvs Sinagan mdgomareobasTan (mSvidoba Cvens gonebasa da<br />
gulSi), maSin rodesac dasavleT samyaroSi mSvidoba gagebulia rogorc<br />
adamianis gareT arsebuli mdgomareoba (omebis an Zaladobis ararseboba).<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“puri mSvidobis dros<br />
ukeTesia, vidre namcxvari<br />
omis dros”.<br />
slovakuri andaza<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� ra alternativebi<br />
gagvaCnia?<br />
� saSinao saqmeebi<br />
� saxarjo fuli<br />
� cxovreba srulyofil<br />
samyaroSi<br />
� roca dadgeba<br />
xvalindeli dRe<br />
� SeiZleba Semovide?<br />
� Zaladoba Cems<br />
cxovrebaSi<br />
� viTamaSoT?<br />
� eleqtrosadguri<br />
471
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
yoveli wlis seqtembris<br />
mesame samSabaTi<br />
mSvidobis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
miwis danaRmvis akrZalvis<br />
saerTaSoriso kampania aris<br />
1997 wlis nobelis<br />
mSvidobis premiis<br />
Tanalaureati<br />
www.icbi.org<br />
mSvidobis konferencia<br />
magaliTad, indoeTSi sityva mSvidoba aris “Santi” da gulisxmobs<br />
gonebis srulyofil wesrigs an gonebis mSvidobas. gandim Tavis filosofia<br />
da strategia daamyara e.w. `aximsas~ koncefciaze, rac niSnavs zogadad<br />
yovelgvari sazianosagan Tavis Sekvebas. man Tqva: “aximsa sityva-sityviT<br />
niSnavs ara-Zaladobas. magram CemTvis mas aqvs ufro maRali, usasrulod<br />
maRali mniSvneloba. is niSnavs, rom Sen ar SegiZlia awyenino vinmes, Sen ar<br />
SegiZlia boroti azrebis TavSi gavleba, Tundac maT mimarT, visac mtrebad<br />
miiCnev. vinc am doqtrinas asrulebs misTvis mtrebi ar arsebobs.” maias<br />
tradiciis mixedviT mSvidoba dakavSirebulia simdidris cnebasTan; is<br />
dakavSirebulia Cveni cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoebs Soris srulyofili<br />
balansis idesaTan.<br />
arsebobs mSvidobis mravali ganmarteba. erT-erTi maTgani, romelmac<br />
Zlieri gavlena moaxdina, aris msoflioSi aRiarebuli norvegieli<br />
mecnieris da am sferos mkvlevaris jon galtungis mier SemoTavazebuli<br />
mSvidobis pozitiuri da negatiuri gayofa.<br />
negatiuri mSvidoba niSnavs omis, konfliqtis ararsebobas<br />
saxelmwifoebs Soris an erTi saxelmwifos farglebSi, magaliTad,<br />
rogoricaa balkaneTis omi.<br />
meores mxriv pozitiuri mSvidoba niSnavs omis an konfliqtis<br />
ararsebobas, romelic erwymis Tanasworobas, samarTlianobas, da<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
Cven SegviZlia SevajamoT es 2 cneba Semdegnaiarad:<br />
omis ararseboba = uaryofiTi mSvidoba<br />
omis ararseboba + socialuri samarTlianoba da ganviTareba =<br />
pozitiuri mSvidoba.<br />
amgvarad, socialuri samarTlianobis maRali done da Zaladobis<br />
minimaluri done axasiaTebs pozitiur mSvidobas.<br />
maSin rodesac zogierTi fiqrobs, rom omis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela<br />
problema gadaWrilia, realurad samuSaos didi nawili kvlav<br />
Sesarulebeli rCeba, kerZod, qveynis aSeneba da struqturebis ganviTareba,<br />
romelic migviyvans ufro met socialur samarTlianobamde da<br />
ganviTarebamde qveyanaSi mcxovrebi yvela adamianis sakeTildReod.<br />
amdenad Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom mSvidoba ar aris mxolod<br />
ganiaraRebis sakiTxi, aramed aseve dakavSirebulia xalxis cxovrebasTan.<br />
? vin unda iyos pasuxismgebeli nebismieri tipis Zaladobis<br />
prevenciisaTvis saWiro strategiis ganxorcielebaze Tqvens<br />
sazogadoebaSi?<br />
1999 w. maisSi yvela asakis 10000 mSvidobis aqtivisti Seikriba haagaSi, holandiaSi axali strategiebis<br />
SesamuSaveblad, romelic uzrunvelyofda mSvidobas 21-e saukuneSi. haagis istoriuli konferenciis<br />
mowodebis monawileebSi iyvnen 1 500 axalgazrda 100 sxvadasxva qveynidan. konferenciis dasasruls<br />
gaeros generalur mdivans kofi anans waredgina `haagis programa mSvidobisa da samarTlianobisaTvis<br />
21-e saukuneSi~. amJamad is aris 50 punqtisagan Semdgari gaeros oficialuri dokumenti mTavrobebisa<br />
da samoqalaqo sazogadoebebis globaluri qmedebisaTvis.<br />
472 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
magram SegviZlia ki visaubroT mSvidobaze Zaladobaze<br />
saubris gareSe?<br />
arsebobs Zaladobis bevri ganmarteba. maTgan erT-erTi ganimarteba,<br />
rogorc Zalis gamoyeneba – faruli an aSkara – im mizniT, rom miiRo<br />
adamianisagan an jgufisagan is, risi mocemasac isini Tavis nebiT ar<br />
Tanxmdebian.<br />
arsebobs Zaladobis sxvadasxva forma. Cven SegviZlia ganvasxvavoT<br />
pirdapiri da iribi (anu struqturuli) Zaladoba:<br />
� pirdapiri Zaladoba = fizikur Zaladobas<br />
� iribi (anu struqturuli) Zaladoba = siRaribe, eqsploatacia,<br />
socialuri usamarTloba, demokratiis ararseboba, da a.S.<br />
amgvarad, mSvidoba arsebobs, rodesac adgili ar aqvs pirdapir an irib<br />
Zaladobas.<br />
ra aris Zaladobis fasi?<br />
mSvidobis araarsebobis pirobebSi konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebis<br />
ekonomiuri da socialuri uflebebi darRveulia (qveynis ganadgurebuli<br />
ekonomika, arsebobs Savi bazari, samsaxurebis an saxlebis dakargva, da a.S.),<br />
iseve rogorc maTi samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi (safrTxeSia<br />
sicocxlis ufleba, aseve wamebisagan dacvis ufleba, an fizikuri<br />
janmrTelobis ufleba da a.S.). konfliqtis mokle da grZelperspeqtiviani<br />
Sedegebi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis TvalsazrisiT damangrevelia da<br />
Rrma Wrilobebs toveben sazogadoebaSi.<br />
pirdapiri Zaladoba:<br />
1. bosniasa da hercogovinaSi 1995 wlis mSvidobis Sesaxeb zogadi<br />
CarCo xelSekrulebis arsebobis miuxedavad 850000-dan 1.2<br />
milionamde adamiani kvlav qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli<br />
an ltolvilia; daaxloebiT 17000 adamiani ugzo-ukvlod<br />
dakargulad iTvleba.<br />
2. 800000 adamiani daiRupa 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ruandaSi 1994 wlis<br />
omis dros.<br />
3. I msoflio omis dros daRupulTa saerTo raodenoba iyo 8538315<br />
4. 1990-ian wlebSi mTeli msoflioSi samoqalaqo omma imsxverpla 5<br />
milioni adamiani<br />
5. msoflioSi 500 milioni cecxlsasroli iaraRi mosaxleobis<br />
xelSia.<br />
6. 1990-ian wlebSi omebma da Sida konfliqtebma 50 milioni adamiani<br />
aiZula gaqceuliyvnen TavinaTi saxlebidan.<br />
7. TveSi 800 adamianis sikvdilis mizezi xdeba qveiTi jaris<br />
sawinaaRmdego naRmebi (miwis naRmebi).<br />
8. 1995 w. 53 milioni adamiani – dedamiwaze mcxovrebi yoveli 115<br />
adamianidan erTi – mowyvetil iqna maT saxlebs da an<br />
gadanacvlebul iqna maTive qveynebis SigniT an iqcnen ltolvilebad<br />
sxva qvenebSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
473
arapirdapiri Zaladoba:<br />
1. daaxloebiT 17 milioni adamiani iRupeba yovel wels medikamnetebis<br />
naklebobis gamo.<br />
2. daaxloebiT 24000 adamiani kvdeba yoveldRiurad SimSilis Sdegad.<br />
es aris daaxloebiT 1 adamiani yovel 3.5 wamSi.<br />
3. dReSi 30000 bavSvze meti iRupeba ZiriTadad prevencirebadi<br />
daavadebebisagan.<br />
? rogor fiqrobT, unda arsebobdes Zaladobis SemzRudveli<br />
wesebi satelevizio programebisaTvis?<br />
prioritetebi saxelmwifo danaxarjebis sferoSi (%-li gamoxatuleba Sida safaso produqtTan<br />
mimarTebaSi)<br />
qveyana saxelmwifo xarjebi<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
1995-1997<br />
saxelmwifo xarjebi<br />
jandacvis sferoSi<br />
1998<br />
samxedro xarjebi<br />
1999<br />
angola 6,2 (1985-1987) 5,8 23,5<br />
kosta rika 5,4 5,2 ...<br />
eriTrea 1,8 ... 22,9<br />
eTiopia 4,0 1,7 9,0<br />
norvegia 7,7 7,4 2,2<br />
ruseTis federacia 3,5 2,5(1990) 3,8<br />
saudis arabeTi 7,5 12,8 13,2<br />
TurqeTi 2,2 2,2(1990) 5.0<br />
ukraina 5,6 3,6 3,1<br />
gaerTianebuli samefo 5,3 5,9 2,5<br />
2000 wlis yvelaze didi samxedro danaxarjebis mqone 6 qveyana 39 (miliard aSS dolarebSi)<br />
adgili 2000 (1999) qveyana 2000 msoflio samxedro<br />
danaxarjebis wili<br />
(%)<br />
1 (1) aSS 180.6 37<br />
2 (7) ruseTi 43,9 6<br />
3 (3) safrangeTi 40,4 5<br />
4 (2) iaponia 37,8 5<br />
5 (5) gaerTianebuli samefo 36,3 5<br />
6 (4) germania 33 4<br />
474 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
msoflio samxedro danaxarjebi da misi alternatvebi<br />
saerTo sqema = saerTo wliuri msoflio samxedro danaxarjebi 2001 wels (756 miliardi aSS<br />
dolari) = 1 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
Tanxa, romelic saWiroa...<br />
a) mosaxleobis stabilurobisaTvis<br />
10.5 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
b) tyeebis gaCexvis SeCereba<br />
7 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
g) globaluri daTbobis prevencia<br />
8 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
d) toqsikuri wvimebis prevencia<br />
8 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
e) jandacvis uzrunvelyofa<br />
15 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
v) SimSilisa da uxarisxo kvebis aRmofxvra<br />
19 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
z) ozonis Sris rRvevis SeCereba<br />
5 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
T) niadagis eroziis prevencia<br />
24 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
i) sufTa usafrTxo energiis uzrunvelyofa<br />
ganaxlebadi energia: 17 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
energiis feqturoba: 33 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
k) uwignurobis aRmofxvra<br />
5 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
l) ganviTarebadi qveynebis valebis gauqmeba<br />
30 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
m) TavSesafris uzrunvelyofa<br />
21 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
n) usafrTxo sufTa wylis uzrunvelyofa<br />
58 miliardi aSS dolari<br />
aris Zaladoba bunebrivi?<br />
bevri darwmunebulia, rom adamianebi bunebiT moZaladeebi arian da rom<br />
Sesabamisad Cven Tavidan ver avicilebT omebs, konfliqtebs da zogadad<br />
Zaladobas Cven cxovrebaSi da Cven sazogadoebaSi. am sferos sxva<br />
specialistebi acxadeben, rom Cven SegviZlia Tavidan aviciloT Zaladobrivi<br />
fiqri, azrovneba, grZnoba da moqmedeba. 1986 wels bevri CrdiloeTis Tu<br />
samxreTis, aRmosaveleT da dasavleT qveynis mecnierTa mier seviliaSi<br />
SemuSavebuli gancxadeba Zaladobis Sesaxeb adasturebs amas da acxadebs:<br />
1. “imis Tqma, rom Cven memkvidrulad vRebulobT omebis warmoebis<br />
tendencias Cveni cxoveli winaprebisagan, mecnierulad arasworia.<br />
brZola aris sufTa adamianuri fenomeni da ar gvxvdeba cxovelebSi.<br />
2. arseboben kulturebi, romlebic arasodes CarTulan omebSi<br />
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi da arseboben kulturebi, romlebic ufro<br />
xSirad omoben erT periodSi, vidre sxva periodSi..<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
475
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
25 noemberi<br />
qalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
Zaladobis aRmofxvris<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
`zustad iseve, rogorc azri<br />
omis Sesaxeb, mSvidobac<br />
adamianis azrovnebidan iRebs<br />
saTaves. adamianTa modgmam<br />
gamoigona omi, mas mSvidobis<br />
gamogonebac SeuZlia. amaze<br />
pasuximgebloba yovel<br />
Cvengans ekisreba.~<br />
seviliuri ganacxadi<br />
Zaladobis Sesaxeb<br />
3. Tqma, rom omi an sxva Zaladobrivi saqcieli aris genetikurad<br />
daprogramebuli adamianis bunebaSi, mecnierulad arasworia.<br />
4. Tqma, rom adamianebs aqvT “moZalade” tvini, mecnierulad arasworia.<br />
Cven moqmedebas ganapirobebs Cveni qceva da ayalibebs Cveni<br />
garemopirobebi da sazogadoeba....”<br />
bevri Cvenganis agresiuli da Zaladobrivi qmedeba Camoyalibebulia<br />
garemos da garemomcveli pirobebis zegavleniT. Cven vswavlobT fiqrs,<br />
grZnobas da qmedebas agresiulad da xSir SemTxvevebSi Zaladobrivad. sadac<br />
ar unda vcxovrobdeT Cven varT socialuri da kulturologiuri presis<br />
qveS, rac gvaiZulebs vikiTxoT Zaladobis Sesaxeb, vuyuroT Zaladobas, da<br />
vusminoT Zaladobis Sesaxeb, TiTqmis uwyvetad. satelevizio programebi,<br />
reklamebi, gzeTebi, video TamaSebi, da filmebisa da musikis industria<br />
mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels am situacias. bavSvs zrdasrul periodamde<br />
mxolod televizoriT ukve nanaxi aqvs aTasobiT mkvleloba da Zaladobis<br />
aqtebi. Tanamedrove sazogadoebebi Segnebulad Tu gauazreblad amarTleben<br />
Zaladobas. Zaladoba ganxilulia rogorc dadebiTi faseuloba. umetes<br />
kulturebSi Zaladobaze uaris Tqma da fizikuri ZaladobisTvis an<br />
konfrontaciisTvis Tavis arideba aRiqmeba rogorc sisustis niSani<br />
gansakuTrebiT mamakacebisaTvis, romlebic didi zewolis qveS imyofebian<br />
TavianTi Tanatolebis mxridan Zalian mcire asakidan.<br />
? eTanxmebiT gancxadebas, rom Zaladoba arasodes aris<br />
gamarTlebuli Tundac yvelaze agresiuli adamianebis mimarT?<br />
daSineba aris pirovnebaTaSorisi Zaladobis erT-erTi forma<br />
axalgazrdebs Soris da aCvenebs rogor gamoiyeneba Zaladoba, raTa Tavi<br />
igrZno ufro Zlierad sxvebis dazaralebis xarjze. 2001 wlis<br />
gamokiTxvaSi espaneTis saSualos skolis moswavleTa TiTqmis naxevarma<br />
aRiara, rom icodnen TavianTi Tanatolebis SemTxvevebi, romlebic<br />
daSinebuli iyvnen megobari studentebis mier.<br />
daSinebis garda arsebobs pirovnebaTaSorisi Zaladobis formebi:<br />
alkoholTan da narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli Zaladoba, bandituri<br />
dajgufebebis Zaladoba, iZulebiTi prostitucia, monoba, Zaladoba<br />
skolebSi, da rasizmTan dakavSrebuli Zaladoba, yvela aris<br />
pirovnebaTaSorisi Zaladobis gamovlineba, romelic gavlenas axdens Cvens<br />
an sxva bevri adamianis cxovrebaze. Zaladobis zogierTi es forma gavlenas<br />
axdens axalgazrdebze ufro specifikurad, magaliTad, bandituri<br />
dajgufebebis Zaladoba, skolebSi Zaladoba, da rasistuli Zaladoba.<br />
? eTanxmebiT azrs, rom “namdvili mamakacs” ar unda eSinodes<br />
Zaladobis?<br />
seqsualuri Seuracxyofa da seqsualuri Zaladoba bavSvebis an qalebis<br />
mimarT (an Tundac kacebis) farTod gavrcelebuli fenomenia Cvens<br />
sazogadoebebSi. SemTxvevaTa umetesobas adgili aqvs saxlebSi da kerZo<br />
adgilebSi da ara quCebSi, bevris rwmenis sawinaaRmdegod. Tavdamsxmelebs<br />
msxverpli xSirad icnobs da isini borotad sargebloben ndobiT, romelsac<br />
isini Rebuloben danaSaulis Cadenamde. msxverplis umetesoba ar acxadebs<br />
danaSaulis Sesaxeb an amas mravali wlis Semdeg akeTeben. amisTvis bevri<br />
476 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
mizezi arsebobs, xSirad urTierTdakavSirebuli, da situaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli: damnaSavis vinaoba, Seuracxyofis buneba (xangrZlivoba da<br />
sixSire), msxverplis vinaoba da a.S. SeiZleba moxdes ise, rom msxverpli<br />
iyos Zalian axalgazrda da ar esmodes ra xdeba vidre Zalian gvian ar<br />
aris. da /an maT esaWiroebaT daxmareba da aravin hyavT visac SeiZleba<br />
endon. da /an isini uyvebian am ambavs vinmes, visac ar sjera maTi rac<br />
xSirad sakmaod xdeba bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi. da/an isini ganicdian<br />
sircxvilis, danaSaulis grZnobas, da/an emuqrebian da xdeba maTi<br />
manipulireba damnaSaveebis mxridan. SemTxvevaTa umravlesobaSi damnaSave<br />
ojaxis wevria.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
deklaracia xalxTa mSvidobis uflebis Sesaxeb, A/RES/39/11, gaeros generaluri asamblea, 12<br />
noemberi, 1984w.<br />
moxseneba 2000w-is socialuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, PROOON, Oxford University Press, aSS<br />
moxseneba 2000, `saerTaSoriso amnistia”, Amnesty International Publications, inglisi, 2000w.<br />
seviliuri ganacxadi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, www.unesco.org/human_rights/hrfv.htm espaneTi, 1986<br />
j. taileri, a. beri, (Comp), droa gavauqmoT omi, mSvidobisa da samarTlianobis damyarebis<br />
axalgazrduli gegma, haagis mSvidobis mowodeba, Eurpean Youth Foundation, 2001 w<br />
adamianis uflebaTa gaeros komisia, rezolucia mSvidobaze erebis uflebis damkvidrebis<br />
Sesaxeb, E/CN.4/RES/2001/69,25 aprili 2001w.<br />
v. fizasi, mSvidobisa da konfliqtebis problemebis kvlevis Sesavali, Lerna, barselona,<br />
1987w.<br />
axalgazrdebis xmebi, romlebic ikvleven problemas `bavSvebi da omi~,<br />
www.unicef.org/voy/meeting/war/war-exp2.html, iunisefi, msoflio moxseneba 2001w., Human<br />
Rights Watch, aSS, 2000w<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
477
“pirovnuli usafrTxoebis<br />
mniSvneloba aris “xalxis<br />
usafrTxoebis “ sinonimi...<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis<br />
mizani aris xalxis<br />
usafrTxoeba da gadarCena.”<br />
doqtori sver lodgaardi<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� brZola simdidrisa da<br />
ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
� saxarjo fuli<br />
� roca dadgeba<br />
xvalindelo dRe<br />
� SeiZleba Semovide?<br />
� Zaladoba Cems<br />
cxovrebaSi<br />
� bingos uflebebi<br />
� enobrivi barieri<br />
pirovnebis usafrTxoeba<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis cneba saerTaSoriso leqsikonSi 20-e saukunis<br />
bolos gamoCnda. manamde 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi mxolod saxelmwifo<br />
usafrTxoebis idea iyo nacnobi da miRebuli cneba. saxelmwifoebi<br />
uflebamosili iyvnen da maTgan moelodnen teritoriuli mTlianobis dacvas<br />
gareSe safrTxisagan da dasaSvebi iyo specialuri zomebis miRebac ki am<br />
mizniT, magram usafrTxoebis gageba, yovel SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso<br />
doneze, ar scdeboda saxelmwifos sazRvrebs.<br />
usafrTxoebis koncefcia Seicvala 1990-an wlebSi da saerTaSoriso<br />
sazogadoebriobam gaacnobiera ara mxolod saxelmwifoebis aramed<br />
adamianebis dacva usafrTxoebis dacvis mniSvnelovneba. Tundac maSin<br />
rodesac es ewinaaRmdegeboda konkretuli mTavrobis survilebs. ra Tqma<br />
unda manamdec arsebobda sityva usafrTxoebis zogadi gamoyeneba, romelic<br />
vrceldeboda adamianebze. magram 1990–ian wlebSi radikaluri cvlileba<br />
moxda saerTaSoriso doneze: pirvelad istoriaSi adamianebis dacva, rac<br />
adre konkretuli saxelmwifos pirad saqmed iTvleboda gaxda<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis ganxilvis sagani.<br />
formulireba Seicvala, da aseve qmedebebic<br />
koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebi, romelic moicavs erebis<br />
koalicias da mimdinareobs gaeros xelmZRvanelobiT ar iyo aucileblad<br />
miRebuli saxelmwofiebis usafrTxoebis gaZlierebis mizniT, aramed<br />
ZiriTadad xalxis(ebis) usafrTxoebis saxeliT. movlenebi, romlebsac<br />
478 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
adre humanitarul katastrofebs miakuTvnebdnen, amJamad unda<br />
gansazRvruliyo mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT. es<br />
gamoyenebuli iyo saerTaSoriso iZulebiTi zomebis gasamarTleblad,<br />
romlis erT-erTi pirveli magaliTic aris iZulebiTi humanitaruli zomebi<br />
somaliSi (1992-93 wlebSi), rodesac gaeros uSiSroebis sabWom gansazRvra<br />
rom:<br />
“adamianuri tragediis masStabi.... warmoadgens safrTxes saerTaSoriso<br />
mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebisaTvis”.<br />
gaeros operacia somaliSi (UN SOM) daiwyo 1992 wels mogadiSuSi<br />
cecxlis Sewyvetis monitoringis da humanitaruli daxmarebis tvirTis<br />
gasacileblad qalaqis daniSnulebis adgilebSi. misiis mandati da<br />
kontigenti mogvianebiT gaizarda, raTa somalis mTel teritoriaze daculi<br />
yofiliyo humanitaruli manqanebis da gamanawilebeli punqtebis<br />
usafrTxoeba.<br />
cvlilebis ori aspeqti:<br />
zemoT moyvanili nawyveti kosovos Sesaxeb gaeros rezoluciidan<br />
aCvenebs sakiTxebis klasifikaciis or fundamentur cvlilebas, romlebic<br />
safrTxes warmoadgendnen saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebisaTvis:<br />
1. movlenaTa tipebi, romlebic ganixileboda rogorc muqara<br />
usafrTxoebisaTvis<br />
2. usafrTxoebis cnebis gafarToeba ara mxolod saxelmwifoebs Soris<br />
konfliqtebze, aramed Sida saxelmwifoebriv movlenebzec.<br />
gaeros uSiSroebis sabWo<br />
gaeros wesdebis miznebisa da principebis da uSiSroebis sabWos upirvelesi valdebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
msoflioSi mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis SenarCuebis mizniT,<br />
ganzraxuli aqvs moagvaros mZafri humanitaruli situacia kosovoSi (iugoslaviis federaluri<br />
respublika), da uzrunvelyos yvela ltolvilisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piris usafrTxo da<br />
Tavisufali dabruneba saxlebSi,<br />
askvnis ra, rom reginonSi arsebuli situacia warmoadgens safrTxes msoflio mSvidobisa da<br />
usafrTxoebisaTvis ... da moqmedebs am mizniT gaeros wesdebis VII Tavis mixedviT,<br />
... Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas, rom kosovoSi ganlagebuli da moqmedi saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis<br />
RonisZiebebi moicavdes:<br />
1. saomari moqmedebebis ganaxlebis dausveblobas<br />
2. kosovos ganTavisuflebis armiis demilitarizacias<br />
3. uafrTxo garemos Seqmnas, romelSic ltolvilebi da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi SeZleben<br />
usafrTxod dabrundnen saxlebSi... da usafrTxo gaxdes humanitaruli tvirTis daninulebis adgilze<br />
mitana:<br />
4. sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelofas...”<br />
nawyveti 1244 (1999 w.) rezoluciidan. miRebulia gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos mier 4011 – Sexvedraze,<br />
1999wlis 10 ivniss.<br />
ram gamoiwvia cvlilebebi?<br />
usafrTxoebis arsidan, romelic saxelmwifoze iyo aqcentirebuli, im<br />
mdgomareobaze gadasvla, romelmac wina planze wamowia adamianis faqtori,<br />
“usafrTxoeba is pirobaa,<br />
romelic yvelafers<br />
SesaZlebels xdis.”<br />
ema rotSildi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo 479
sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo<br />
mTeli rigi garemoebebis zegavleniT moxda. eWvgareSea, rom erT-erTi aseTi<br />
gavlena civi omis dasruleba iyo, ramac saSualeba misca mTavrobebs da<br />
xalxs gamoeaSkaravebinaT manadme dafaruli interesebi. erT-erTi Sedegi iyo<br />
rTuli da mankieri, xSirad Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi konfliqtebi, romelic<br />
samoqalaqo msxverplis TvalsazrisiT axali tipis reagirebas moiTxovda.<br />
Tumca, albaT arsebobda ufro mniSvnelovani gavlena vidre ubralod imis<br />
gaazreba, rom xalxis dacva zogjer saerTaSoriso reagirebas moiTxovs.<br />
bolos da bolos amgvari gageba ukve didi xania arsebobda magram<br />
“Careva” imaSi, rac sufTad saSinao saqmed iTvleboda ar iyo miCneuli<br />
SesaZlebel an misaReb qmedebad. Tumca axla adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebiT<br />
mzardma dainteresebam mTel msoflioSi migviyvana gamarTlebis formamde,<br />
romelmac Tu sayovelTao ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi farTo aRiareba moipova:<br />
saboloo jamSi, adamianis uflebebi gansazRvrulia xalxisaTvis da ara<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis, da faqtobrivad msoflios yvela qveyana gamoxatavs<br />
Tanxmobas am normebze.<br />
? ramdenad unda iyos saxelmwifoebis saSinao politika<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobis usafrTxoebis sagani<br />
individualuri Tu saxelmwifo interesebi?<br />
adamianis uflebebis ZiriTadi idea aris is, rom arsebobs adamianuri<br />
Rirsebis garkveuli done, romelic ar SeiZleba xelyofil iqnas romelime<br />
mTavrobis an pirovnebis mier. amdenad, adamianis uflebebis aRiarebis<br />
gardauvali Sedegi aris sakuTari suverenitetis nawilobrivi daTmoba, am<br />
terminis Zveleburi gagebiT. saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli adamianis uflebaTa<br />
normebze xelis moweris dros isini SeTanxmdnen, rom pirovneba daeyenebinaT<br />
wina planze da amgvarad isini uars amboben SesaZleblobaze, gaakeTon<br />
absoluturad yvelaferi saxelmwifos interesebis saxeliT.<br />
es zustad is ideaa, romelmac bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi moikida<br />
fexi saerTaSoriso uerTierTobebis sferoSi. aman gamoiwvia ara mxolod<br />
gaeros misiebis ricxvis zrda ufro farTo mandatiT vidre manamde, aramed<br />
zewola, rom daarsdes saerTaSoriso mudmivmoqmedi sisxlis samarTlis<br />
sasamarTlo, sadac adamianis uflebaTa damrRvevebi gasamarTldebian<br />
nebismieri konkretuli saxelmwifos farglebs gareT.<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba Seikriba romSi, italiaSi 1998 w. 15-17 ivniss raTa daesrulebina wesdebis<br />
proeqti, romelic 60 saxelmwifos mier ratificirebis Semdeg daaarsebs saerTaSoriso sisxlis<br />
samarTlis sasamarTlos. es iqneba mudmivmoqmedi sisxlis sasamarTlo, romelic gaasamarTlebs genocidSi,<br />
saomar danaSaulebSi da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSaulebSi eWvmitanil individebs.<br />
mudmivi debatebi: ganTavisufleba “survilisagan”.<br />
pirovnul usafrTxoebaze axleburi aqcentis gakeTebis dawyebas xSirad<br />
mivyavarT gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos generaluri mdivnis butros butros<br />
Ralis mier 1992 w. gamocxadebuli mSvidobis dRis wesrigamde. es<br />
480 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
dokumenti acxadebs, rom usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saSiSroeba<br />
ar aris mxolod samxedro xasiaTis:<br />
`gaxleCilma ozonis Srem bevrad ufro didi safrTxe SeiZleba Seuqmnas<br />
mosaxleobas, vidre yvelaze mtrulma jarma. gvalvas da avadmyofobas<br />
SeuZlia gamoiwvios aranaklebi ubedureba, vidre saomar iaraRs.”<br />
dokumnetSi naTqvami iyo, rom ekologiuri arastabiluroba, siRaribe,<br />
SimSili da Cagvra aris ara mxolod usafrTxoebis mwvave sakiTxebi, aramed<br />
konfliqtebis rogorc wyaro aseve Sedegi.<br />
gaeros ganviTarebis programis adamianis ganviTarebis 1994 w. moxseneba<br />
agrZelebda am ideas ufro farTo interpretaciiT da gvTavazobda<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis cnebis 2 urTierTdakavSirebuli nawilis<br />
gamoyofas:<br />
1. “Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis uecari da damRupveli<br />
darRvevebisagan dacva” (cnobilia rogorc `SiSisagan<br />
gaTavisufleba”) da<br />
2. “dacva SimSilis, avadmyofobis, danaSaulis da represiis mudmivi<br />
muqarisagan” (cnobilia rogorc `gaTavisufleba survilisagan)<br />
moxseneba kidev ufro aviTarebda am cnebebs da gamoyo pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis 7 calke komponenti:<br />
� ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba (garantirebuli minimaluri Semosavali)<br />
� sakvebis usafrTxoeba (sakvebis fizikuri da ekonomikuri<br />
xelmisawvdomoba)<br />
� janmrTelobis usafrTxoeba (avadmyofobisa da infeqciebisagan<br />
SedarebiTi daculoba)<br />
� ekologiuri usafrTxoeba (sufTa wyliT, sufTa haeriT da<br />
aradegradirebuli niadagis sistemiT uzrunvelyofa).<br />
� pirovnuli usafrTxoeba (pirovnebis Zaladobisa da muqarisagan<br />
dacva)<br />
� sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba (kulturuli TviTmyofadobis<br />
usafrTxoeba)<br />
� politikuri usafrTxoeba (adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis da<br />
Tavisuflebebis dacva)<br />
Tumca pirovnuli usafrTxoebis es farTo koncefcia bevrisaTvis<br />
kritikis sagania, radganac maT sjeraT, rom rac ufro met komponentebs<br />
CavrTavT am cnebaSi is rogorc politikuri instrumenti ufro naklebad<br />
sasargeblo gaxdeba. kerZod, saerTaSoriso moZraobis “partnioroba<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebisaTvis” erT-erTi damaarsebeli, kanadis sagareo<br />
saqmeTa da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis saministro gvTavazobs bevrad ufro<br />
viwro ganmartebas: “pirovnuli usafrTxoeba niSnavs xalxis usafrTxoebas<br />
rogorc Zaladobrivi, aseve ara-Zaladobrivi safrTxisagan. is aris<br />
saxelmwifos mdgomareoba, romelic uzrunvelyofs raime safrTxis<br />
ararsebobas adamianis uflebis, usafrTxoebis da maTi sicocxlisTvisac ki.<br />
imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros ramdenad kanonzomierad aris esa Tu is<br />
sakiTxi ganxiluli pirovnebis usafrTxoebis konteqstSi, unda gavarkvioT<br />
ra xarisxiT emuqreba safrTxe adamianis usafrTxoebas”.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
axalgazrdebi da<br />
pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoeba<br />
axalgazrduli organizaciebi,<br />
romlebic monawileoben<br />
mSvidobis, adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sferoSi<br />
ganaTlbis, ekologiuri<br />
sakiTxebis an SimSilis<br />
aRmofxvris programebsa da<br />
aqciebSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
iRwvian pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis<br />
gaZlierebisaTvis. isini<br />
miznad isaxaven iseTi<br />
pirobebis Seqmnas, romelSic<br />
xalxi ufro Tavisufali<br />
iqneba survilisa da<br />
SiSisagan.<br />
“...keTilsindisier xalxs ar<br />
SeuZlia ganze gadges da<br />
uyuros sxva adamianebis<br />
mimarT saxelmwifoebis<br />
meTaurobiT ganxorcielebul<br />
sistematiuri ganadgurebis<br />
safrTxes. keTilsindisier<br />
xalxs ubralod ar SeuZliaT<br />
aitanon es da ar SeuZliaT<br />
ar moevlinon mxsnelebad,<br />
Tuki es maT Zalebs ar<br />
aRemateba”.<br />
vaclav haveli<br />
481
? ra aris usafrTxoebis cnebis gafarToebis dadebiTi da<br />
uaryofiTi mxareebi, romelic moicavs “saWiroebisagan” da<br />
SiSisagan gaTavisuflebas?<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis programa<br />
sxvadasxva interpretaciebis, ganmartebebis da xazgasmis miuxedavad<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis sxvadasxva cnebebs aqvT saerTo elementebi.<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis dRis wesrigis centraluri maxasiaTeblebia:<br />
� aqcenti saxelmwifoebis usafrTxoebidan gadatanilia xalxis<br />
usafrTxoebaze. rac pirovnuli usafrTxoebis erT-erT ZiriTad<br />
damsaxurebad iTvleba. rogorc adre vaxseneT, saukuneebis manZilze<br />
usafrTxoeba ganixileboda ZiriTadad rogorc erovnuli an<br />
saxelmwifoebivi usafrTxoeba. amJamad pirovnuli usafrTxoebis<br />
idea iwvevs xalxs saerTaSoriso diskusiaze da ayenebs pirovnuli<br />
da xalxis da ara mxolod saxelmwifos usafrTxoebis sakiTxs.<br />
� es gulisxmobs da kidev erTxel xazs usvams saxelmwifoebis<br />
valdebulebas maTi moqalaqeebis usafrTxoebis dacvis Sesaxeb.<br />
xalxis usafrTxoebaze fokusireba zrdis saxelmwifoebis rols<br />
TvianTi moqalaqeebis usafrTxoebis dacvaSi.<br />
� is aRiarebs adamianis usafrTxoebis urTierTdakavSirebulobas<br />
faqtTan, rom bevri sakiTxi scdeba saxelmwifos da sxva sazRvrebs.<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoebis buneba xazs usvams DdRevandel msoflioSi<br />
xalxis urTierTdamokidebulebas da gvaxsenebs, rom bevr problemas<br />
ara aqvs “pasporti” da ver SeCerdeba politikur sazRvrebze.<br />
magaliTad, ganviTarebul qveynebSi qalebi da mamakacebi ar arian<br />
izolirebuli ganviTarebad qveynebSi arsebuli siRaribisagan, rac<br />
dasturdeba migraciis da daavadebebis magaliTze, romelTaTvisac ar<br />
arsebobs sazRvrebi. ganviTarebadi qveynebis mosaxleoba riskis qveS<br />
aris CrdiloeTis qveynebis qarxnebis mier warmoSobili<br />
industriuli dabinZurebis gamo.<br />
� is aRiarebs arasamTavrobo seqtorebis mniSvnelobas. miwis naRmebis<br />
sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso kampania xSirad moyvanilia, rogorc<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebuli efeqturi<br />
iniciativa. “samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi eZeben ufro<br />
did SesaZleblobebs da did psuxismgeblobas pirovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis damkvidrebisaTvis. bevr SemTxvevaSi arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi Zalian efeqturi partniori aRmoCnda xalxis<br />
usafrTxoebis dacvis saqmeSi” 33<br />
� is moiTxovs, rom adamianis uflebaTa da humanitaruli uflebebis<br />
darRvevis damnaSaveebma pasuxi agon. saerTaSoriso sisxlis<br />
samarTlis sasamarTlos da aseve saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis<br />
tribunalis Seqmna yofili iugoslaviisa da ruandasaTvis<br />
ganixileba rogorc mniSvnelovani winsvla pirovnuli usafrTxoebis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis.<br />
� is xazs usvams usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis sirTules da<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs kompleqsuri gadawyvetilebebis<br />
moZiebis aucileblobas. pirovnuli usafrTxoebis sxvadasxva<br />
482 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
gamoyenebas Soris arsebobs SeTanxmeba, rom is aris mravalaspeqtiani<br />
cneba, romelic moiTxovs koordinacias da<br />
TanamSromlobas monawileTa farTo speqtrs Soris. erT-erTi<br />
reaqcia, romelsac yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aris “msubuqi<br />
Zalis” gamoyeneba, anu darwmunebis Zalis, romelic ar aris<br />
koncentrirebuli saomar Zalaze da teqnikaze (“mZlavri ideebi<br />
mZlavri iaraRis nacvlad”) 34<br />
pirovnuli usafrTxoeba da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
konvencia<br />
Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba daculia adamianis uflebaTa<br />
evropis konvencis me-5 muxlis mixedviT da am muxlis mniSvneloba swrafad<br />
gaxda naTeli jer kidev adreul SemTxvevebSi, romlebic strasburgis<br />
sasamarTloSi ganixileboda. pirveli 10000 gancxadebis TiTqmis erTi<br />
mesamedi modoida individebze, romlebsac Tavisufleba waarTves.<br />
es muxli exeba fizikuri Tavisuflebis dacvas da kerZod ki<br />
TviTneburi dapatimrebis an dakavebisgan dacvas. is uzrunvelyofs<br />
konkretul bazisur procedurul uflebebs rogoricaa: dakavebis mizezis<br />
dauyovnebliv Setyobineba, sasamarTlos winaSe gaTvaliswinebul droSi<br />
wardgenisa da gasaCivrebis ufleba, romlis ganmavlobaSic sasamarTlos<br />
swrafad SeuZlia gadawyvitos dakavebis kanonierebis an dapatimrebis<br />
aucileblobis sakiTxebi.<br />
me-5 Tavis SemTxvevebis magaliTebi, romlebic evropis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa sasamarTlom ganixila moicavs:<br />
1. bozano safrangeTis winaRmdeg, 1986 w. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom<br />
dapatimrebis da mosarCelis safangeTidan SveicariaSi deportaciis<br />
garemoebebi iyo ukanono da ar Seesabameboda pirovnebis<br />
usafrTxoebis uflebas.<br />
2. brogani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmedg, 1998 w.<br />
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom terorizmis prevenciis kanonis Tanaxmad<br />
mosarCeleebis dakavebam 4 dReze meti vadiT sasamarTlos<br />
gadawyvetilebis gareSe dakavebis kanonierebis Sesaxeb daarRvia maTi<br />
ufleba swrafad yofiliyvnen wardgenili sasamarTlos winaSe.<br />
3. de vildi, oomsi da versipi belgiis winaaRmdeg, 1970/71 ww.<br />
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom mosarCeleebis maTi mawanwalobis<br />
safuZvelze dakavebis kanonierebis gasaCivrebis procedura ar<br />
aZlevda maT garantirebul xelmisawvdomobas sasamarTlos dacvis<br />
sferoSi, raTa gaesaCivrebinaT xangrZlivi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa,<br />
romelic grZeldeboda 7 Tvidan 1 welsa da 9 Tvemde.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
K. Annan, “Two cincepts of sovereignty”, 18 September 1999<br />
gaeros debuleba, www.un.org/peace<br />
www.humansecuritynetwork.org<br />
Lodgaard, S., “Human Security:concept and operationalization”, Norvegian Institute of International Affairs, unpublished, 2000<br />
Rotschild, E., “What is security?”, DEADALUS, the journal of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. 124, no.3, summer 1995<br />
moxseneba adamianis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb 1994w-s., gaeros ganviTarebis programa, www.undp.org<br />
kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis saministro, www.dfaitmaeci.gc.ca/foreignp/humansecurity<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
483
“Cven ar unda gadavceT<br />
momaval Taobebs egoisturi<br />
evropa, romelic brma da<br />
yrua sxvebis gaWirvebis<br />
mimarT”.<br />
vaclav haveli<br />
siRaribe gardamaval periodSi<br />
siRaribe<br />
siRaribe aris msoflio problema da misi masStabebi TandaTanobiT<br />
izrdeba. arsebuli tendencies mixedviT, CvenT is asocirdeba iseT<br />
adgilebTan, rogoricaa tropikuli afrika, azia da laTinuri amerika.<br />
magram siRaribe aseve axdens gavlenas milionobiT adamianze evropaSi.<br />
evrokavSiris 400 milioni mcxovrebidan 60 milioni cxovrobs siRaribis<br />
zRvars qvemoT (romelic miCneulia, rogorc qveynis saSualo Semosavlis<br />
50%) xolo 2.7 milioni adamiani usaxlkaroa. espaneTSi mosaxleobis 20%<br />
cxovrobs siRaribis zRvars qvemoT, xolo 4.5% ukidures siRatakeSi.<br />
britaneTis gaerTianebul samefoSi bavSvebis 1/3 izrdeba siRaribeSi.<br />
“ (...) TiTqmis yvela socialisturma qveyanam gamoscada siRaribis donis mniSvnelovani zrda gardamaval<br />
periodSi. da mainc, siRaribe ar aris absolutuad axali fenomeni da is ar aris dakavSirebuli mxolod<br />
gardamaval procesTan; siRaribe adrec arsebobda sabWoTa kavSirSi da socialistur regionSi, magram<br />
politikuri da ideologiuri mizezebis gamo, is ar iyo aRiarebuli. socialuri jgufi, romelsac adre<br />
siRaribe ar exeboda iyo sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebis momsaxure personali, romelTa xelfasebi da<br />
Semosavalic mkveTrad Semcirda gardamaval peridSi. am regionSi umuSevroba aris siRaribis erT-erTi<br />
ZiriTadi mizezi.” gaeros ganviTarebis programa, 2001 w.<br />
484 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
siRaribe msoflioSi<br />
“mdidar qveynebSi 100 bavSvidan 1%-ze naklebi ver aRwevs 5 wlis asaks maSin, rodesac uRaribes qveynebSi<br />
bavSvebis erTi mexuTedi iRupeba igive asakamde. agreTve, maSin, rodesac mdidar qveynebSi 5 wlis<br />
asakamde mTeli bavSvebis 5% ikvebeba uxarisxod, Rarib qveynebSi es ricxvi 50%-s Seadgens”. msoflio<br />
banki, 2000w.<br />
siRaribis gansazRvreba<br />
absoluturi siRaribe afuZvnebs gadarCenisTvis saWiro minimalur<br />
moTxovnebs. amis mixedviT igulisxmeba, rom arsebobs minimaluri<br />
standartebi, romlis qvemoTac xalxi xvdeba “RaribTa” kategoriaSi. erTerTi<br />
yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli sazomi aris Semosavlis done: rodesac<br />
adamianis, an ojaxis Semosavali garkveuli donis, normaluri cxovrebis<br />
standartisaTvis miCneuli aucilebeli minimumis qvemoTaa, aseTi pirovneba<br />
an ojaxi Raribad iTvleba.<br />
SedarebiTi siRaribis qveS konkretuli jgufis statusi ganisazRvreba<br />
da izomeba sxvebTan SedarebiT igive garemoSi, sazogadoebaSi an qveyanaSi.<br />
Sesabamisad, mas, vinc Raribad iTvleba ganviTarebul qveyanaSi, SeiZleba<br />
hqondes ufro maRali Semosavali vidre naklebad ganviTarebul qveyanaSi<br />
SeZlebulad miCneul adamians. siRaribis mniSvneloba damokidebulia<br />
msoflios TiToeuli qveynis an regionis tradiciebze, standartebze da<br />
faseulobebze. am TvalsazrisiT, aseve arsebobs siRaribis<br />
kulturologiuri ganzomileba.<br />
dResdReobiT bevri aRiarebs, rom siRaribe ar mcirdeba aucileblad<br />
qveynis ekonomikur zrdasTan erTad. qveynebSi, sadac aRiniSneba ekonomikuri<br />
zrda, siRaribe ar aRmoifxvra. magaliTad, poloneTma mniSvnelovan<br />
warmatebas miaRwia ekonomikur sferoSi, magram siRaribe mainc izrdeba.<br />
farTod aris aRiarebuli, rom “siRaribe aris mravalganzomilebiani<br />
fenomeni, romelic Sedgeba mentaluri, politikuri, socialuri da sxva<br />
aspeqtebisagan”, materialur ganzomilebasTan erTad (Cveulebriv gamoisaxeba<br />
fulad erTeulebSi). misi gamomwvevi faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri, politikuri an ekologiuri Taviseburebebi. siRaribes aqvs<br />
bevri saxe: is SeiZleba iyos qalaqis an soflis, mudmivi an droebiTi<br />
mdgomareoba. zogi adamiani SeiZleba Raribi iyos mTeli sicocxlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, roca sxvebma SeiZleba Tavi daaaRwion mas. siRaribe ar aris<br />
statikuri mdgomareoba.<br />
arsebobs siRaribis kidev mniSvnelovani ganzomileba, romelsac xSirad<br />
“siRaribis feminizacias” uwodeben. es niSnavs, rom RaribebSi Warboben<br />
qalebi, rac dakavSirebulia sxva faqtorebTan erTad prekoncefciebTan<br />
qalebTan mimarTebaSi da siRaribis genderul aspeqtebTan.<br />
ra kavSiria siRaribesa da adamianis uflebebs Soris?<br />
venis deklaracia da moqmedebis programa, romelic miRebul iqna 1993<br />
wlis ivnisSi venis adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konferenciaze,<br />
acxadebs, rom “farTod gavrcelebuli ukiduresi gaWirveba xels uSlis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� brZola simdidirisa da<br />
ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
� sad dgaxarT Tqven?<br />
� siRaribis horoskopi<br />
� gadadgi nabiji win<br />
“ekonomikuri zrda<br />
afarToebs adamianis<br />
moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis<br />
materialur bazas, magram<br />
maTi dakmayofilebis xarisxi<br />
damokidebulia resursebis<br />
gadanawilebaze xalxSi da<br />
SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebasa<br />
da ganawilebaze,<br />
gansakuTrebiT es dasaqmebas<br />
exeba”.<br />
moreira<br />
meoTxe saerTaSoriso<br />
axalgazrduli moZraoba<br />
aris meoTxe saerTaSoriso<br />
moZraobis nawili. es<br />
organizacia ibrZvis<br />
siRaribis winaaRmdeg.<br />
www.atd-fourthworld.org<br />
485
adamianis uflebebiT srulad da efeqturad sargelobas ... gansakuTrebiT<br />
ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebiT” (muxli 14)<br />
mniSvnelovania imis gaanalizeba, rom adeqvaturi jandacvis, ganaTlebis,<br />
Tanasworobis, TavSesafris, da a.S. ararseboba, rac siRaribis da<br />
socialuri gaucxoebis Sedegs warmoadgens, abrkolebs samoqalaqo da<br />
politikuri uflebebiT sargeblobas, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uSlis<br />
adamianebs moiTxovon TavianTi ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli<br />
uflebebis dacva. es aris adamianis uflebaTa ganuyoflobis naTeli<br />
magaliTi.<br />
saerTaSoriso amnistia da ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebi<br />
„saerTaSoriso amnistiis“ saerTaSoriso sabWos Sexvedraze, romelic Sedga 2001 w. agvistoSi,<br />
SeTanxmdnen, rom gafarToebuliyo organizaciis mandati, raTa mas moecva adamianis uflebebis farTo<br />
speqtri. amieridan organizacia imuSavebs ara mxolod wamebis winaaRmdeg, an sindisis patimrebis<br />
dasacavad, aramed yvela formis diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg miuxedavad imisa, exeba es politikur da<br />
samoqalaqo Tu ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebebs.<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
17 oqtomberi<br />
siRaribis aRmofxvris<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
5 dekemberi<br />
ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso<br />
moxaliseobis dRe<br />
gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 1986 w. 4 noembers miRebuli<br />
ganviTarebis uflebis deklaracia aris pirveli saerTaSoriso dokumenti,<br />
romelic exeba eqskluziurad ganviTarebis uflebas. is mWidrod aris<br />
dakavSirebuli meore Taobis adamianis uflebebTan, rogorc es aRwerilia<br />
ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtSi.<br />
ganviTareba ganmartebulia pirvel muxlSi, rogorc “globaluri<br />
ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturologiuri da politikuri procesi,<br />
romelic aumjobesebs xalxis da yvela adamianis keTildReobas maT<br />
ganviTarebaSi da Tavisufal gadanawilebaSi Tavisufal, aqtiur da<br />
mniSvnelovan monawileobaze dayrdnobiT.” igive deklaraciis muxli 2 xazs<br />
usvams, rom “adamiani aris ganviTarebis ZiriTadi obieqti da igi<br />
ganviTarebis uflebis aqtiuri mosargeble unda iyos”.<br />
? fiqrobT rom yvela xelSekrulebas, romelic SeTanxmebulia<br />
mTavrobebis mier, SeuZlia Secvalos siRaribis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis efeqturoba mTels mosflioSi?<br />
socialuri ganviTarebis 1995 wlis msoflio samitze, romelic<br />
cnobilia kopenhagenis samitis saxelwodebiT, 185 qveyanam ikisra<br />
absoluturi siRaribis aRmofxvris valdebuleba da miiRo konkretuli<br />
gegma da winadadebebi am mizniT. mTavrobebis da saxelmwifoebis meTaurebma<br />
miiRes deklaracia da moqmedebis gegma, romelic cnobilia, rogorc<br />
“kopenhageni+6” magram 2001 wlis seqtembrisaTvis arc erTi mizani ar iyo<br />
srulad Sesrulebuli.<br />
arsebul saerTaSoriso da regionalur dokumentebs SezRuduli<br />
gavlena hqonda siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. erT-erTi mizezi aris is,<br />
rom bevri aseTi dokumenti ar moicavs am uflebebis gansamtkicebel<br />
meqanizmebs. Tumca bolo 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli iqna progresi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sistemis ganviTarebaSi da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam<br />
aRiara, rom mdgradi adamianuri ganviTareba ar aris SesaZlebeli adamianis<br />
uflebebis pativiscemis gareSe, jer kidev ar arsebobs mkafio kavSiri<br />
486 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
siRaribesa da adamianis uflebebs Soris. adamianis uflebaTa universaluri<br />
deklaracia da 2 saerTaSoriso paqti adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb Tavis<br />
preambulaSi exeba saWiroebisagan gaTavisuflebas, xolo SeTanxmeba<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb iTvaliswineben uflebebs adeqvaturi cxovrebis<br />
pirobebis, sakmarisi sakvebis, tansacmlis da sacxovreblis CaTvliT.<br />
evropis socialuri qartia<br />
siRaribisagan da socialuri gaucxoebisagan dacvis uflebis efeqturad gamoyenebis mizniT mxareebi iReben<br />
valdebulebas:<br />
a) miiRon zomebi zogadi da koordinirebuli midgomis farglebSi, raTa adamianebisTvis da aseve maTi<br />
ojaxebisTvis, romlebic cxovroben an arsebobs riski, rom icxovreben siRaribisa da socialuri<br />
gaucxoebis situaciaSi, uzrunvelyon dasaqmebis, sacxovrebeli pirobebis, profesiuli momzadebis,<br />
ganaTlebis, kulturis da socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis efeqturi xelmisawvdomoba;<br />
b) moxdes am RonisZiebebis gadasinjva im mizniT, rom aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi moxdes maTi adaptireba<br />
cvalebadD pirobebTan<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli gamocema, muxli 30<br />
daskvniTi mosazrebebi<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli prekoncefcia, romelic Raribebis<br />
Sesaxeb arsebobs aris is, rom isini aRmoCndnen am situaciaSi radgnac ase<br />
surT, an imitom, rom isini zarmacebi da upasuxismgebloebi arian da ar<br />
muSaoben ise, rogorc saWiroa. es aris RaribebisaTvis mTliani<br />
pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis mcdeloba maTi mdgomareobis gamo. es midgoma<br />
pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa kulturas, radganac is arTmevs<br />
socialurad gaucxoebul xalxs SesaZlelobas icxovron Rirseulad da<br />
iyvnen uflebaTa subieqtebi. garda amisa, amgvari midgoma erTmaneTSi urevs<br />
siRaribis Sedegebs (antisocialuri qmedeba, narkotikebis moxmareba,<br />
samuSaoze uaris Tqma, alkoholis gamoyeneba, da a.S.) da siRaribis<br />
gamomwvev rTul mizezebs.<br />
imisaTvis, rom siRaribe aRmoifxvras, Cven unda CavwvdeT mis fesvebs da<br />
ara ubralod wamier moTxovnebs. es moiTxovs udides politikur<br />
Zalisxmevas, gansakuTrebiT saxelmwifoebis da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebis mxridan; amdenad siRaribes gaaCnia mniSvnelovani<br />
politikuri aspeqtebi.<br />
“siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZola Rrmad politikuri sakiTxia. siRaribe umetes<br />
sazogadoebebSi gamowveulia Zalauflebis, simdidris da SesaZleblobebis<br />
uTanasworo gadanawilebiT.” gaeros ganviTarebis programis moxseneba, 2001 w.<br />
? Tqven Tu eTanxmebiT am gancxadebas?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
aTaswleulis deklaraciaSi<br />
(2000 w. seqtemberi)<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam<br />
aiRo valdebuleba siRaribis<br />
aRmofxvraze da miznad<br />
daisaxa 2015 wlisTvis<br />
gaenaxevrebina maTi<br />
raodenoba, visi dRiuri<br />
Semosavalic 1 aSS dolarze<br />
naklebs Seadgens<br />
487
siRaribesTan dakavSirebuli socialuri maCveneblebis magaliTebi: umuSveroba da axalgazrdoba aRmosavleT evropaSi.<br />
aqac, iseve rogorc dasavleTSi axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis done gacilebiT maRalia vidre ufrosi Taobis.<br />
1999 w. centralur da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi da dsT-Si (27 qveyana) 15-dan 24 wlamde 65<br />
milioni axalgazrda aRiricxeboda. axalgazrdebis 27% (18 milioni) arc swavlobda da arc dasaqmebuli<br />
iyo. axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis saSualo done 18 qveynisaTvis iyo 30%, rac qveyanaSi mTliani<br />
umuSevrobis doneze 2-jer metia. axalgazrdebis umuSevrobis done gansakuTrebiT maRalia samxreTaRmosavleT<br />
evropaSi (71% yofil iugoslaviis respublika makedoniaSi, 61% yofil iugoslaviaSi da 35%<br />
bulgareTSi), kavkasiaSi (46% azerbaijanSi, 27% saqarTveloSi), da centralur aziaSi (37% yirgizeTSi,<br />
33% tajikeTSi). 42<br />
siRaribesTan brZolis erovnuli programis magaliTebi<br />
bavSvebis savalalo mdgomareoba moldovaSi SemaSfoTebelia. bevri ojaxis mTavari Semosavali aris bavSvTa<br />
mokrZalebuli daxmareba. bolo wlebSi SeiniSneba Raribi ojaxebis bavSvebis kvebis standartebis<br />
gauareseba, rasac uaryofiTi gavlena aqvs maT janmrTelobaze da ganviTarebaze. Sedegad, mTavrobam<br />
gadawyvita SeemuSavebina bavSvTa siRaribesTan brZolis specialuri programa rogorc qveynis moklevadiani<br />
siRaribis Semcirebis programis nawili. es iniciativa gvTavazobs RonisZiebebis farTo speqtrs, romelic<br />
miznad isaxavs socialuri dacvis sistemis daarsebas oboli da invalidi bavSvebisaTvis da Raribi ojaxis<br />
SvilebisaTvis. 43<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
Bilan economique et sicial 2000, le Monde, Edition 2001<br />
arCevani RaribebisaTvis, gaeros ganviTarebis programa, niu iorki, 2001<br />
moxseneba damianis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb 2001 w-s, gaeros ganviTarebis programa, niu<br />
iorki, 2001<br />
Moreira, C., Eradication of poverty in the world: an assessment on the threshold of the yaer 2000, Socila Watch,<br />
www.socwatch,org.uy, Uruguay, 2000<br />
Pettiti, L., Meyer-Bitsch, P., “Human rights and extreme poverty”, Human Rights, New Dimentions and<br />
Challenges, Ed. J. Symonides, UNESCO, Paris, 1998, pp.157-176<br />
eqspertTa seminaris moxseneba adamianis uflebebis da ukiduresi siRaribis Sesaxeb,<br />
7-10 Tebervali 2001w., E/CN.4/2001/54/Add.1, gaeros adaminis uflebebis komisia, Jeneva,<br />
marti 2001w.<br />
The dimentions af poverty, Social Watch, www.socwatch,orguy, Uruguay, 1997<br />
488 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
socialuri uflebebi<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis mokle mimoxilva<br />
Tu adamianis uflebaTa evropis konvencia uzrunvelyofs samoqalaqo da<br />
politikur uflebebs, evropis socialuri qartia icavs moqalaqeebis<br />
ekonomikur da socialur uflebebs.<br />
evropis socialuri qartia miRebul iqna 1961 w. evropis sabWos mier<br />
da mas daemata sami oqmi 1988, 1991 da 1995 ww. qartia da misi 1988 w.<br />
oqmi uzrunvelyofs uflebebis mTel speqtrs, romelic SegviZlia davyoT<br />
or kategoriad:<br />
� samuSao pirobebi, romelic moicavs ZaldatanebiTi muSaobis<br />
akrZalvas, samsaxurebrivi diskriminaciis dauSveblobas,<br />
profkavSirebis uflebebs, bavSvTa muSaobis akrZalvas 15 wlis<br />
asakamde da 15-18 wlis muSaxelis uflebebis dacvas, emigranti<br />
muSebis Tanasworuflebianobas da a.S.<br />
� socialuri ufelebebi, romelic moicavs janmrTelobis, socialuri<br />
dacvis, samedicino daxmarebis, moxucebis uflebebs da a.S.<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli varianti miRebul iqna 1996<br />
wels, is ZalaSi Sevida 1999 w. 1 ivliss da garkveulwilad cvlis 1961<br />
wlis qartias. am axal dokumentSi Serwymulia 1988 wlis oqmi da 1961<br />
wlis qartia, orive dokumentSi Setanilia rigi cvlilebebi da aseve axali<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“rodesac samsaxurze<br />
vfiqrobT, es niSnavs<br />
sakuTari bedis kontrols,<br />
imis nacvlad, rom velodoT<br />
wyalobas saidanme”.<br />
gari sinaisi<br />
`proletarebs araferi aqvT<br />
dasakargi TavianTi<br />
borkilebis garda. maT mTeli<br />
samyaros SeZena SeuZliaT~<br />
karl marqsi<br />
489
Sesatyvisi<br />
uflebebi<br />
� frTxilad, Cven<br />
yvelafers vxedavT<br />
� globalizaciis<br />
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni<br />
� siRaribis horoskopi<br />
� aSikis ambavi<br />
� molaparakebebi<br />
profkavSirebTan<br />
� ambavi ori qalaqis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
� samsaxuri da bavSvebi<br />
� gansxvavebuli<br />
xelfasebi<br />
punqtebi (muxli 24-31), romlebic uzrunvelyofs qalisa da mamakacis<br />
Tanasworobas, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi dacvas,<br />
mosamsaxureebis Rirsebis dacvas samuSao adgilebze, siRaribisa da<br />
socialuri gaucxoebisagan dacvas, sacxovrebeli pirobebis qonis uflebas,<br />
diskriminaciisagan dacvis uflebis gafarToebas da a.S.<br />
qartias aqvs kontrolis meqanizmi, romelic emyareba moxsenebebis<br />
wardgenas qveynaSi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb monawile saxelmwifoebis mier<br />
(1991 w. oqmi) da koleqtiuri saCivris sistema (1995 w. oqmi), romelic<br />
profkavSirebs da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs saSualebas aZlevs<br />
waradginon koleqtiuri saCivrebi.<br />
?rogor fiqrobT, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema unda iyos<br />
kerZo, Tu saxelmwifo?<br />
muSaobis ufleba<br />
muSaobis ufleba, rogorc erT-erTi socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
ufleba, uzrunvelyofilia saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi, rogoricaa<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (muxli 23), ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti (muxli 6) da<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli varanti.<br />
rodesac saxelmwifo aRiarebs muSaobis uflebas, is ar iRebs<br />
valdebulebas uzrunvelyos samuSaoTi yvela, visac amis survili aqvs.<br />
aseTi valdebuleba “arapraqtikuli” iqneboda. amis nacvlad, is gulisxmobs,<br />
rom saxelmwifo valdebulia Seqmnas iseTi ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
pirobebi, romelSic Seiqmneba samuSao adgilebi.<br />
muSaobis ufleba mniSvnelovania TavisTavad, magram is aseve<br />
mniSvnelovania, rogorc ZiriTadi garantia adamianis Rirsebis<br />
pativiscemisaTvis radgan, Tu, pirvel rigSi, ar iqneba garantirebuli<br />
muSaobis ufleba, sxva ZiriTadi uflebebis gamoyeneba faqtobrivad<br />
SeuZlebeli iqneba.<br />
es ufleba konkretulad moicavs samarTliani, an misaRebi samuSao<br />
pirobebis qonis uflebas, diskriminaciisagan dacvis uflebas, samarTliani<br />
anazRaurebis uflebas da fasiani Svebulebis, aseve racionaluri samuSao<br />
saaTebis da usafrTxo da janmrTeli samuSao garemos uflebas, romelic<br />
icavs pirovnebis fizikur da gonebriv sijansaRes. es garantiebi<br />
aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom mosamsaxureebs hqondeT saSualeba, daiwyon da<br />
gaagrZelon SromiTi cxovreba Rirseul pirobebSi. samuSao ar unda gaxdes<br />
autaneli tvirTi, an TviTmizani. samuSao unda iyos saSualeba, rom sul<br />
mcire, iyos dakmayofilebuli iseTi pirveladi moTxovnebi, rogoricaa<br />
sakvebi, tansacmeli, sacxovrebeli da ganaTleba.<br />
? rogor fiqrobT, umuSevrebma unda miiRon saxelmwifo<br />
daxmareba?<br />
dasaqmeba: axalgazrduli TvalTaxedviT<br />
samsaxuris qona gulisxmobs bevrad ufro mets, vidre Tavis rCenis<br />
saSualebas. is, aseve, aris cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis miRebis wyaro.<br />
490 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
muSaobis saSualebiT, adamianebi (gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebi) inviTareben<br />
bevr unar-Cvevebs, bazisuri teqnikuri Cvevebidan pirovnul Tvisebebamde.<br />
umuSevroba da cudi samuSao pirobebi aris rTuli<br />
urTierTdakavSirebuli sakiTxebis nawili, rac dabrkolebas uqmnis xalxis<br />
srul ganviTarebas da maT mier Tandayolili Rirsebis SenarCunebas. am<br />
Sedegebis zogierTi magaliTi moicavs umuSevrebis uunarobas, uzrunvelyon<br />
adeqvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi maTTvis da maTze damokidebuli<br />
pirebisaTvis, didi raodenobiT Savi bazris samuSaoebis potenciur Seqmnas,<br />
rac amcirebs muSaxelis usafrTxoebas da maT mier uflebebis dacvis unars,<br />
da farTo socialuri uzrunvelyofis programis saWiroebas, imisaTvis rom<br />
daxmareba gauwion umuSevrebs.<br />
skolidan samsaxurze gadasvla aris mniSvnelovani periodi<br />
axalgazrdebis pirovnuli da profesionaluri ganviTarebisaTvis mTeli<br />
cxovrebis manZilze. axalgazdul asakSi umuSevrobis Sedegebi SeiZleba<br />
seriozuli iyos. axalgazrdebis umuSveroba xSirad dakavSirebulia<br />
socialur problemebTan, rogoricaa Zaladoba, danaSauli, TviTmkvleloba<br />
da alkoholisa da narkotikebis gamoyeneba.<br />
umuSevrobis done axalgazrdebs Soris xSirad ufro maRalia, vidre<br />
zrdasrulebSi. es gansxvaveba SeiZleba iyos didi an mcire, qveynis<br />
specifikuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare.<br />
axalgazrdebSi umuSevrobis maRal dones bevri mizezi aqvs: Sromis<br />
bazris segmentacia, teqnikuri da organizaciuli cvlilebebi, romelmac<br />
moitana ufro maRali kvalificiurobis moTxovna da Sromis bazris<br />
krizisi, romelic gulisxmobs ufro mkacr zomebs umuSevari<br />
muSaxelisaTvis.<br />
umuSevrobis done zogierT evropul qveyanaSi 44<br />
.<br />
qveyana axalgazrdebis umuSevroba<br />
(%)<br />
zogadi umuSevroba (%)<br />
xorvatia 31.4 9.9<br />
germania 10.7 9.9<br />
latvia 25.5 13.8<br />
ruseTi 26.8 13.3<br />
slovakeTi 20.4 11.1<br />
espaneTi 39.2 20.9<br />
SvedeTi 11.2 5.3<br />
holandia 5.1 3.8<br />
didi britaneTi 13.6 7.1<br />
profkavSirebi, samuSao muSaxelisaTvis<br />
profkavSirebis istoria Zalian xangrZlivia. eWvgareSea, rom muSakebis<br />
uflebebi TandaTan gaumjobesda da profkavSirebma gadamwyveti roli<br />
Seasrules am procesebSi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
491
mSromelTa dRe: 1 maisi<br />
1 maisi, mSromelTa saerTaSoriso dRe, aRniSnavs mSromelTa istoriul brZolas mTel msoflioSi. es dRe<br />
daarsda 8-saaTiani samuSao dRisTvis brZolis dros. 8-saaTiani samuSao dRis moTxovnis moZraoba<br />
swrafad izrdeboda, radgan muSebs aiZulebdnen dReSi 10, 12 da 14 saaTi emuSavaT. 1986 wlis maisis<br />
pirveli dReebSi aRiniSna gaficvebi da demonstraciebi aSS-s masStabiT. CikagoSi, magaliTad, daaxleobiT<br />
900000-ma adamianma miiRo monawileoba gamosvlebSi.<br />
1 maisis aRniSvna swrafad gaxda yovelwliuri movlena. mTels msoflioSi ufro da ufro meti qveynebi<br />
aRniSnavdnen 1 maiss. pirvelad misi aRniSvna moxda ruseTSi, braziliaSi da irlandiaSi 1891 wels.<br />
“warmatebas mxolod<br />
niWiT ver miaRwev. RmerTi<br />
gvaZlevs talents, Sroma ki<br />
mas gardaqmnis geniaSi”.<br />
ana pavlova<br />
profkavSirebi aris mosamsaxureTa asociacia (aseve arsebobs<br />
damsaqmebelTa asociacia) da misi mTavari mizania warmoadginos<br />
mosamsaxureTa uflebebi damsaqmebelTa winaSe. profkavSirebis Seqmnis da<br />
masSi gawevrianebis ufleba aris adamianis ZiriTadi ufleba. kargad<br />
funqcionirebadi da prestiJuli profkavSirebi xSirad aris demokratiis<br />
da adamianis uflebaTa standartebis kargi maCvenebli.<br />
ukeTesi samuSao pirobebisaTvis brZolaSi monawileobis garda,<br />
profkavSirebs yovelTvis hqonda (da axlac aqvs) gadamwyveti roli<br />
socialuri moZraobebis SeqmnaSi da socialuri cvlilebebis<br />
ganxorcielebaSi. profkavSirebis roli gansxvavebulia mTels evropaSi.<br />
zogierT qveyanaSi, sadac faSisturi da komunisturi reJimebi arsebobda,<br />
profkavSirebi iyo, an iqmneboda saxelmwifo struqturebis da politikuri<br />
elitis daqvemdebarebaSi da gadaqceuli iyo maTi mCagvreli reJimebis<br />
instrumentad. am istoriuli realobis Sedegad, bevri kvlav skeptikurad<br />
aris ganwyobili profkavSirebis rolisadmi da mxolod bolo periodSi<br />
daiwyes am qveynebis muSebma misi pozitiuri rolis aRiareba maTi<br />
uflebebis dacvis sakiTxSi. evropaSi sxva gansxvavebebic arsebobs<br />
profkavSirebis rolsa da organizaciasTan mimarTebiT. umetes qveynebSi<br />
profkavSirebs aqvT konfederaciuli struqtura.<br />
Solidornosc (solidaroba) iyo axali erovnuli moZraoba, romelic mimdinareobda mTels evropaSi 1980-ian<br />
wlebSi.<br />
moZraoba oficialurad daiwyo gdanskis SeTanxmebaze xelismoweriT 1980 w. 31 agvistos, romelic<br />
iTvaliswinebda damoukidebeli profkavSirebis Seqmnas da gaficvis uflebas. realurad es daiwyo<br />
rodesac gemTmSenebeli industriis muSebma gadawyvites protesti gamoecxadebinaT 1970 w. 14<br />
dekembers, rac sastikad iqna darbeuli policiis mier. 1980 w. zafxulSi bevrma gaficvam aCvena, rom<br />
solidarobis moZraobam fesvebi gaidga, rogorc Zalam socialuri da demokratiuli cvlilebebisaTvis.<br />
solidarobis wevrebis raodenobam 9 milionze mets miaRwia. komunisturi mTavrobis represiuli<br />
politika aSkara gaxda solidarobis mimarT, romelic amis gamo iZulebeuli iyo ramdenime weli<br />
aralegalurad emuSava.<br />
axalgazrdebi da profkavSirebis wevroba<br />
bolo wlebSi profkavSirebma bevr qveyanaSi ganicada axalgazrda<br />
wevrebis raodenobis Semcireba. bevrma profkavSirulma organizaciam<br />
daagviana reagireba axalgazrdebis problemebze da ver moaxerxa iseTi dRis<br />
wesrigis formulireba, romelic moizidavda sakmarisi raodenobiT<br />
axalgazrdebs, raTa SeevsoT tradiciuli momxreebis Semcirebuli<br />
492 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
aodenoba. Sedegad, amJamad bevri profkavSiri qmnis samuSao gegmas,<br />
romelic iTvaliswinebs axalgazrda muSebis da aseve Sesabamisi<br />
struqturebis moTxovnebs da realobas, raTa iTanamSromlos am seqtorTan.<br />
zogma, magaliTad, profkavSirebis evropis konfederaciam da Tavisufali<br />
profkavSirebis saerTaSoriso konfederaciam daaarsa axalgazrduli<br />
komitetebi.<br />
? xarT profkavSirebis wevri? yofilxarT rodesme?<br />
� 1988-1997 wlebSi germaniis profkavSirebis sabWos SemadgenlobaSi myofma profkavSirebma<br />
dakarges aranakleb 609 407 axalgazrda wevri, anu axalgazrda wevrebis 55,.2%<br />
� 1987-1999 wlebSi SvedeTSi profkavSirebis 16-24 wlis axalgazrda wevrebis raodenoba<br />
Semcirda 62.7%-dan 46.7%-mde.<br />
� saberZneTSi axalgazrdebis 70.1%-ma gamoxata undobloba profkavSirebis mimarT, maSin rodesac<br />
22.9% ar endoboda jars da 40.6% ar endoboda iuridiul sistemas.“ 45<br />
bavSvTa Sroma<br />
dResdReobiT bavSvebis samuSao Zalad gamoyenebis problemas didi<br />
yuradReba eTmoba. bavSvebi CarTuli arian uamravi saxis samuSaoSi,<br />
dawyebuli saSinao saqmeebiT, damTavrebuli mZime industriuli warmoebiT.<br />
momuSave bavSvebis raodenoba SemaSfoTebelia.<br />
Znelia statistikis monacemebis Segroveba bavSvTa muSaobis Sesaxeb,<br />
umetes SemTxvevebSi misi aralegaluri bunebis gamo. gamoTvlebis mixedviT<br />
5-dan 14 wlamde asakis daaxloebiT 250 milioni bavSvi muSaobs; maTgan 120<br />
milioni sruli, 130 milioni ki naxevari datvirTviT.<br />
am mTliani raodenobidan daaxloebiT 61% (daaxloebiT 153 milioni)<br />
cxovrobs aziaSi; 32% (80 milioni) afrikaSi, da 7% (17.5 milioni)<br />
laTinur amerikaSi.<br />
bavSvTa Sroma aseve arsebobs bevr ganviTarebul qveyanaSi da<br />
ganviTarebad aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi.<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli versia ganamtkicebs bavSvTa<br />
da axalgazrdebis samsaxurebrivi dacvis garantiebs im garantiebTan<br />
SedarebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 1961 w. qartiaSi. muxli 7<br />
(1) acxadebs: “imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnas bavSvebisa da<br />
axalgazrdebis uflebis efeqturi dacva, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben:<br />
ganisazRvros muSaobis dawyebisaTvis saWiro minimalur asakad 15 weli,<br />
gamonaklisis daSveba SesaZlebelia mxolod msubuqi samuSaos Sesrulebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, romelic zians ar ayenebs bavSvis janmrTelobas, morals an<br />
ganaTlebas.” Sromis standartebis damaarsebeli ZiriTadi organizacia,<br />
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia, (WTO), didi xania Tavis moRvaweobas<br />
ukavSirebs bavSvTa Sromis aRmofxvras da, am mizniT, mas miRebuli aqvs<br />
rekomendaciebi da konvenciebi. ori ZiriTadi konvencia konkretulad exeba<br />
bavSvTa Sromas.<br />
2. Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis konvencia bavSvTa Sromis<br />
yvelaze mZime formebis Sesaxeb ZalaSi Sevida 2000 wels. bavSvTa<br />
Sromis aRmofxvris adreuli mcdelobebi warumatebeli aRmoCnda da<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
“Sroma gaswavliT Tqven ra<br />
unda gaakeToT”.<br />
estonuri andaza<br />
493
Sromis saerTaSoriso<br />
organizacia udides rols<br />
asrulebs bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
ganviTarebasa da<br />
garantirebaSi da wvlili<br />
Seaqvs saTanado<br />
struqturebis swavlebasa da<br />
ganviTarebaSi muSebis<br />
uflebebis damkvidrebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
www.ilo.org<br />
10-dan 14 wlamde asakis<br />
mSromel bavSvTa<br />
procentuli Semadgenloba<br />
aris: bangladeSSi 30,1%,<br />
CineTSi 11,6%, indoeTSi 14,<br />
4%, pakistanSi 17,7%,<br />
TurqeTSi 24%, kot<br />
divuarSi 20,5%, egvipteSi<br />
11,2%, keniaSi 41,3%,<br />
nigeriaSi 15,8%, senegalSi<br />
31,4%, argentinaSi 4,5%,<br />
braziliaSi 16,1%, meqsikaSi<br />
6,7%, italiaSi 0,4%,<br />
portugaliaSi 1,8%.<br />
zogadi situacia momuSave bavSvebisaTvis kvlav uaresdeba. amdenad,<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam “nabij-nabij” principiT gadawyvita<br />
pirvel etapze sruliad gaeuqmebina bavSvTa Sromis yvelaze mZime<br />
formebi. 2001 wlis noembereSi 108 qveyanam moaxdina am konvenciis<br />
ratifikacia.<br />
3. Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis konvencia samuSaoze miRebis<br />
minimaluri asakis Sesaxeb (1997) aris kidev erTi magaliTi. muxli<br />
1 acxadebs, rom “yvela wevri (...) valdebulebas iRebs gaataros<br />
bavSvTa Sromis efeqturi gauqmebisaTvis Seqmnili erovnuli<br />
politika da progresulad gazardos muSaobis dawyebis minimaluri<br />
asaki im donemde, romelic Seesabameba axalgazrdebis srul fizikur<br />
da mentalur ganviTarebas.”<br />
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis erT-erT udides programas,<br />
romelic eZRvneba bavSvTa Sromis aRmofxvras, ewodeba bavSvTa Sromis<br />
aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso programa. bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis muxli<br />
32 (1) acxadebs, rom “saxelmwifo mxareebi aRiareben bavSvis uflebas, iyos<br />
daculi ekonomikuri eqsploataciisagan da nebismieri samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebisagan, romelic, savaraudod, saxifaToa, an winaaRmdegobas uqmnis<br />
bavSvis ganaTlebas, an sazianoa bavSvis janmrTelobisaTvis, fizikuri,<br />
sulieri, mentaluri, moraluri an socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis”.<br />
globalizacia did gavlenas axdens socialur uflebebze. 46 es procesi<br />
amkvidrebs praqtikas, romelic eWvqveS ayenebs socialur garantiebs,<br />
romlebic zogadad miiCneva bazisuri Sromis pirobebis minimalur zRvarad.<br />
Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis daarsebasTan erTad, bevri kompania Tvlis,<br />
rom socialuri dacvis nakleboba aris mimzidveli “Strixi”<br />
investiciebisaTvis da dabalfasiani produqciis warmoebisaTvis.<br />
industriebis relokacia im qveynebidan, sadac garantiebi savaldebuloa,<br />
sxva qveynebSi, romlebic ar aZlevian aseT garantiebs mSromelebs, sakmaod<br />
momgebiani variantia Semosavlebis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
im konteqstSi, sadac kompaniebis umetesobis prioriteti aris maTi<br />
mogebis zrda Tundac socialuri da Sromis uflebebis darRvevis xarjze,<br />
saerTaSoriso da regionaluri adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebi, romlebic<br />
uzrunvelyofen socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs, fundamenturia<br />
mSromelTa uflebebis dacvisaTvis.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
La Charte, ses protocoles, La Charte revisee, Edition du Conseil de l’Eirope. 1998<br />
Conditions of employment in the European Socila Charter, Study compiled on the basis of the case law of<br />
European Committee of Social Rights, Council of Europe Publishing, 2000<br />
Pascual. S., Waddington, J., Young people: the labour market and trade unions. evropis<br />
konfederaciis profkavSirebis axalgazrduli saqmeebis komitetisaTvis<br />
momzadebuli moxseneba, European Trade Union Confederation Publication, May 2000<br />
Silidarnost, www.solidarnost.org.pl<br />
Taking steps; young people and social protection in the Eiropean Union, European Youth Forum<br />
UNICEF (2000),`axalgazrdebi cvalebad sazogadoebebSi~, moxsenebebi regionaluri<br />
monitoringis Sesaxeb, No 7, Florence Innocenti Research Centre<br />
United Nations, World Bank, ILO Policy, A global alliance for youth employment: recommendation of the<br />
High Level Panel of th United Nations Secretary-general/s Youth Employment network,<br />
www.un.org/esa/socdev/youthemployment/index.html<br />
494 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sporti<br />
aris sporti adamianis ufleba? mkacri gagebiT pasuxi aris - ara!<br />
arcerTi adamianis uflebaTa deklaracia, an paqti ar Seicavs specifikur<br />
debulebebs, romelic iTvaliswinebs adamianis uflebas sportiT dakavebis,<br />
an sportis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. Tumca sporti SeiZleba iyos<br />
aRqmuli, rogorc uflebebis ZiriTadi elementi rogorc ganaTlebis, aseve<br />
kulturis sferoSi.<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba mocemulia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaraciis 26-e muxlSi da ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli<br />
uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis 13 –e muxlSi. is acxadebs: “ganaTleba<br />
mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis pirovnebis da misi Rirsebis sruli<br />
ganviTarebisaken da unda gaaZlieros adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi<br />
Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscema”.<br />
paraolimpiuri TamaSebi<br />
“sporti aris adamianis<br />
ufleba. yvela adamians unda<br />
hqondes SesaZlebloba,<br />
misdios sports misi<br />
saWiroebebidan gamomdinare”.<br />
olimpiuri qartia, me-8<br />
principi<br />
paraolimpiuri TamaSebi aris aTleturi Sejibri invalidebisaTvis, amputirebuli kidurebis mqone xalxis,<br />
mxedveloba-darRveuli, qveda kidurebis damblis mqone da cerebraluri damblis mqone adamianebis<br />
CaTvliT. “paraolimpiuri TamaSebi organizebuli iqna 1948 w. stok mandevilis saavadmyofoSi,<br />
eilsberSi, inglisSi (...) 1952 w. dasawyisSi. paraolimpiuri TamaSebis Catarebis wlebi emTxveva<br />
olimpiurisas. zamTris paraolimpiuri TamaSebi pirvelad Catarda 1976 w. 1992 w. barselonaSi<br />
Catarebul zafxulis paraolimpiur TamaSebSi monawileobda 3 500 aTleti 82 qveynidan. pirveli<br />
WeSmariti paraleli olipmiur TamaSebTan gaivlo 1988 w. seulSi, samxreT koreaSi, sadac aTletebs<br />
hqondaT paraolimiuri sofeli da iyenebdnen olimpiur stadionebs SejibrisaTvis. (..) paraolimpiuri<br />
TamaSebi aRiarebulia saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis mier da imarTeboda saerTaSoriso<br />
paraolimpiuri komitetis mier.” 47<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
495
Sesatyvisi<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
� erTi wuTiT<br />
� sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
� iTamaSe<br />
sportis saSualebiT adamianebi viTardebian fizikurad da<br />
inteleqtualurad. sportul RonisZiebebSi monawileoba amaRlebs<br />
TviTSefasebas; is iZleva TviTrelizaciis da pativiscemis damsaxurebis<br />
SesaZleblobas. es gansakuTrebiT exeba invalidebs, romlebic monawileoben<br />
paraolimpiur TamaSebSi.<br />
rac Seexeba bavSvebs, bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia acxadebs, rom bavSvis<br />
ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos “... bavSvis pirovnebis, talantis da<br />
gonebrivi da fizikuri SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaken maTi sruli<br />
potencialis Sesabamisad”, xolo muxli 31 exeba dasvenebisa da garTobis<br />
uflebas, TamaSebSi monawileobas da garTobas bavSvis asakis Sesabamisad.<br />
yvelas ufleba, monawileoba miiRos kulturul cxovrebaSi mocemulia<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 27-e muxlSi da ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis me-15 muxlSi.<br />
adamianebi siamovnebas iReben sxvadasxva saxis sportisagan – fexburTi,<br />
curva, Wadraki, sumo, amerikuli fexburTi – nebismieri ram!. sporti<br />
eWvgareSea rom aris kulturuli cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawili yvela<br />
qveyanaSi da, amdenad, SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom yvelas aqvs sportSi<br />
monawileobis ufleba, rogorc mayurebels, Sejibris monawiles an<br />
moTamaSes.<br />
Tumca sporti zogadad ar aris aRiarebuli rogorc adamianis ufleba,<br />
sportSi monawileobas da misTvis mxardaWeras kavSiri aqvs adamianis<br />
uflebebTan. sxva garemoebebSi is SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas adamianis<br />
uflebaTa damkvidrebisaTvis, an Tundac maTi xelyofisaTvis.<br />
sporti propagandas uwevs adamianis uflebebs<br />
sportul RonisZiebebSi monawileoba badebs saerTo interesebs da<br />
faseulobebs da aviTarebs demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis saWiro<br />
socialur unar-Cvevebs. 48 sporti aZlierebs socialur da kulturul<br />
cxovrebas individebis da sazogadoebebis daaxloebis gziT. adgilobrivi, an<br />
erovnuli gundebi xSirad aris mravalerovnuli, an mravalreligiuri da<br />
mayureblebic sxvadasxva wris warmomadgenlebi arian. amitomac, sporti<br />
xels uwyobs gansxvavebebis gadalaxvas, dialogis waxalisebas da,<br />
Sesabamisad, prekoncefciebis, stereotipebis, kulturologiuri<br />
gansxvavebebis, ucodinrobis, Seuwynareblobis da diskriminaciis<br />
aRmofxvras.<br />
496 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
fexburTis moyvarulTa Ria skolebi<br />
fexburTis moyvarulTa Ria skolebi aris 2 daniuri arasamTavrobo organizaciis – kulturaTaSorisi<br />
proeqtis asociaciisa da daniis ltolvilTa sabWos mier daarsebuli humanitaruli arakomerciuli<br />
konsorciumi. mizani aris sazogadoebrivi sportis kultivireba, romelic xasiaTdeba adgilobriv<br />
sazogadoebaze orientirebiT, demokratiuli principebiT, moxaliseobiT, mSoblebis mxardaWeriT da misi<br />
ZiriTadi principi aris “sporti yvelasaTvis”. survili aris, yvela programaSi monawile fexburTis<br />
klubisaTvis inventaris darigeba. es aseve aris stimuli skolebisaTvis,- raTa daarson TavianTi klubebi<br />
yvela bavSvisa da axalgazrdisaTvis maTi unar-Cvevebis, sqesis, an eTnikuri Tu socialuri warmomavlobis<br />
miuxedavad.<br />
bolo 2 wlis ganmavobaSi fexburTis moyvarulTa Ria skolebma ganaxorcieles 15 quCis Ria RonisZieba. es<br />
aris “sportuli TamaSebis” mcire festivali, romelic Riaa yvela bavSvisaTvis. is grZeldeba 3-dan 5<br />
saaTamde da ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba rogorc “gamxsneli” an “madis aRmZvreli” gansakuTrebiT rTul<br />
adgilebSi. mag. 1999 w. quCis sportis programam kosovoSi daarsa 140 e.w. `quCis ostatis qseli~ - 14dan<br />
18 wlamde mozardebi organizebas ukeTeben quCis sports yoveldRiurad maT ubanSi mcxovrebi<br />
bavSvebisaTvis. maTi gamoTvlebiT daaxloebiT 6000 yvela asakis bavSvi monawileobda maT programaSi,<br />
maTgan umetesoba yoveldRiurad. 49<br />
rac Seexeba qalTa diskriminacias, im faqti, rom qalebs SeuZliaT<br />
monawileoba miiRon e.w. `mamakacur sportSi”, rogoricaa fexburTi an<br />
Zalismieri samWidi, angrevs sxvadasxva saxis sterotipebs qalebis rolis<br />
da qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
sportis moRvaweebis statusi iseTia, rom isini xSirad arian SerCeuli<br />
“keTili nebis elCebad” humanitaruli misiebis Sesasruleblad<br />
araformaluri ganaTlebis saSulebebiT. mag. ronaldo, brazilieli<br />
fexburTis varskvlavi aris “Zala cvlilebisaTvis: saerTaSoriso Sidsis<br />
kampania axalgazrdebTan erTad” sagangebo warmomadgeneli.<br />
sportSi SeiZleba borotad iqnas gamoyenebuli adamianis<br />
uflebebi<br />
dopingis gamoyeneba albaT aris adamianuri Rirsebis da janmrTelobis<br />
yvelaze cnobili xelyofa. aseve arsebobs hormonuli preparatebiT<br />
mkurnalobis winaaRmdegobrivi sakiTxebi da qali aTletebis seqs-testebi,<br />
rac uSualo kavSirSia adamianis pativis, Rirsebis da piradi cxovrebis<br />
uflebasTan.<br />
sponsorebma SeiZleba eqsploatacia gauwion sportsemenebs da<br />
ambiciurma mSoblebma ki SeiZleba eqsploatacia gauwion bavSvebs, romlebic<br />
avlenen gansakuTrebul unars adreul asakSi. intensiurma wvrTnam da<br />
SejibrisaTvis zewolam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sportuli tramvebi da riski<br />
Seuqmnas gonebriv janmrTelobas. yvelas aqvs ufleba icodes potenciuri<br />
riskebis da maRali saSemsruleblo donis privilegiebis Sesaxeb.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
497
“tanvarjiSi: ubralod sporti Tu bavSvebis eqspluatacia?”<br />
12 wlis aleqsandra huCi iyo erT-erTi niWieri gogona maT Soris, vinc TavianT axalgazrdul wlebs<br />
sawvrTnel banakebSi atareben da ocneboben msoflio Cempionobaze. erT dRes, varjiSis dros, is uecrad<br />
daeca da grZnoba dakarga. igi 5 dRis Semdeg gardaicvala. misma pawawina sxeulma ubralod ver gauZlo<br />
datvirTvas.<br />
dieta da fizikuri gamofitva xSirad iwvevs axalgazrda tanmovarjiSeebSi ufro met tanjvas, vidre<br />
sixaruls. “tkivili Cemi cxovrebis nawilia mas Semdeg rac varjiSi daviwye”, Tqva 10 wlis vang Suom<br />
CNN-saTvis micemul bolo interviuSi pekinis sawvrTnel banakSi yofnis dros, sadac bavSvebi TavianT<br />
“karieras” 3 wlis asakidan iwyeben. maria pardo, espaneli tanmovarjiSe iwonis 43 kg-s da simaRliT<br />
aris 170 sm.. 50<br />
“kapoiera”<br />
sportuli SesaZleblobebi yovelTvis ar aris yovlismomcveli da<br />
SeiZleba arsebobdes diskriminaciis elementebi religiuri an kulturuli<br />
umciresobebis mimarT sportul darbazebSi daSvebis dros. komerciuli<br />
zewola da interesebi aseve SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli adamianis<br />
uflebebis xelyofasTan, rac zians ayenebs adamianis Rirsebas. mag. zogierTi<br />
moTamaSe iRebs qrTams Segnebuli “profesiuli darRvevebisaTvis”<br />
fexburTSi da kriketSi matCebis Sedegebis gayalbebisaTvis. arsebobs<br />
adamianis uflebaTa xelyofis sxva sakiTxebic, romlebic ukavSirdeba<br />
sportuli inventaris industriis globalizacias. bevr qveyanaSi, rogorc<br />
erovnul, aseve adgilobriv sprtul asociaciebs SemuSavebuli aqvT<br />
TavianTi politika sportuli teqnikis da tansacmlis mwarmoebelTa mimarT<br />
samuSao standartebis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. arsebobs kampaniebi, romelTa<br />
mizania, aiZulon mwarmoeblebi, pativi scen adamianis uflebebs TavianT<br />
sawarmoebSi, magaliTad, “sufTa tansacmlis” kampania evropaSi, `sportuli<br />
fexsacmlis~ kampania CrdiloeT amerikaSi, raTa aiZulon sportis<br />
moRvaweebi, rogoricaa tiger vudsi da andre agasi, Sewyviton<br />
eqsploatacuri SromiT Seqmnili produqciis reklamireba. 51<br />
sporti da politika<br />
sporti didi xania gamoiyeneba rogorc mSvidobiani politikuri aqcia<br />
usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg. 1968 w. meqsikaSi Catarebul olompiadaze, jon<br />
karlosma da tomi smitma gamarjvebis aRsaniSnav ceremoniaze gamoiyenes<br />
`Savi avazebis~ cnobili tradiciuli misalmeba, raTa gamoexataT<br />
protesti aSS-Si SavkanianTa diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg. aparteidis eraSi<br />
bevri qveyana uars ambobda samxreT afrikasTan sportul RonisZiebebSi<br />
monawileobaze, ramac mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qveyanaSi momxdar<br />
politikur cvlilebebSi.<br />
me-16 saukuneSi braziliaSi angolelma monebma SeinarCunes TavianTi tradiciuli cekvebi da ritualebi da<br />
Seqmnes maTgan “kapoiera”, cekvis xelovneba. monaTmflobelebi maT ukrZalavdnen nebismieri saxis<br />
sabrZolo xelovnebas, magram maT SeZles SeenarCunebinaT is, TiTqosda, uvnebeli gasarTobi cekvebis<br />
saxiT. me-17 saukuneSi “kapoieras” xelovneba kidev ufro daixvewa da gamoyenebul iqna koloniuri<br />
Cagvris winaaRmdeg aTwlian brZolaSi.<br />
498 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sporti aseve SeiZleba iqnas borotad gamoyenebuli erovnuli, an<br />
politikuri miznebisaTvis. mag. 1972 w. miunxenis olimpiuri TamaSebis<br />
dros, 8 arabi teroristi SeiWra israelis gundebis StabSi da mokla 2<br />
adamiani. aseve mokles 9 mZevali germaneli policiis mier<br />
ganxorcielebuli warumatebeli operaciis Semdeg.<br />
olipmiuri TamaSebi didi xania gamoiyeneba, rogorc forumi erebisaTvis<br />
politikuri gancxadebebis gasakeTeblad. mag. aSS-ma sxva 65 arakomunistur<br />
qveyanasTan erTad boikoti gamoucxada moskovis TamaSebs 1980 w. avRaneTSi<br />
sabWoTa jarebis Seyvanis gamo. SemdgomSi, ssrk-ma da misma 15 mokavSirem<br />
boikoti gamoucxades los-anJelesSi Catarebul olimpiadas 1984 w.<br />
usafrTxoebis momizezebiT da imis SiSiT, rom ar gakeTebuliyo<br />
politikuri TavSesafris moTxovnebi, romlebic SesaZlebelia<br />
daekmayofilebinaT.<br />
?unda iyos sporti da politika dakavSirebu;li?<br />
iyo Tu ara swori CineTis SerCeva 2008 wlis olimpiuri TamaSebis<br />
maspinZel qveyanad, kvlav sakamaTo sakiTxad rCeba. CineTs didi xania<br />
akritikeben demokratiis dabali donis da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis<br />
gamo. ramdenime argumenti, romelic SemoTavazebuli iyo pekinis<br />
kandidaturis dablokvis winaaRmdeg iyo is, rom saerTaSoriso forumebze<br />
kvlav gagrZeldeboda CineTis kritika disidentebis dakavebis da sxva<br />
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebis gamo, iseve rogorc es xdeba gaeros<br />
yovelwliur sxdomebze adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. xolo CineTis<br />
gancxadebis dakmayofilebam olimpiadis Catarebis Sesaxeb SesaZloa aiZulos<br />
pekini meti yuradReba miaqcios da gaiTvaliswinos amgvari kritika.<br />
sporti da rasizmi<br />
rasizmi sportSi ar aris mxlod fexburTTan da arc mxolod<br />
feradkanian moTamaSeebTan dakavSirebuli fenomeni. man SeiZleba gavlena<br />
iqonios yvela saxis sportze da Tavi iCinos sxvadasxva doneze, iseve<br />
rogorc mediaSi. is gansakuTrebiT SeiZleba aRmocendes adgilobriv doneze,<br />
interaqtiul moTamaSeebs, gundebs, mwvrTnelebs, da mayurebels Soris, an<br />
maT winaaRmdeg da aseve msajebis winaaRmdeg (rogorc Sedegi sxvadsxva<br />
realuri Tu mogonli mizezebisa, mag: kanis feri, religia, nacionaluri an<br />
eTnikuri warmomavloba). is SeiZleba gamovlindes gundebis, an adamianTa<br />
jgufebis SeuracyofaSi.<br />
sportSi rasizmTan brZolaze pasuxismgebloba ekisreba yvelas,<br />
saxelmwifo struqturebs (sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba, sasamarTloebi,<br />
policia, samTavrobo da regionaluri struqturebi) da arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebs (profesiuli da moyvarulTa erovnuli sportis asociaciebi,<br />
klubebi, adgilobrivi sportis asociaciebi, mxardamWerTa klubebi,<br />
moTamaSeTa organizaciebi, anti-rasistuli asociaciebi da a.S.).<br />
?ra SegiZliaT gaakeToT Tqvens klubSi an skolaSi, raTa Tqvens<br />
mier arCeuli sportis saxeoba iyos yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi da<br />
xels uwyobdes adamianis uflebebis ganviTarebas?<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
499
asizmis gamovlenis faqtebi<br />
2001 w. 21 seqtemberi. guSin belgradSi uefas Tasis gaTamaSebis dros adgilobrivi safexburTo klub<br />
`partizanis~ da venis klub `rapids~ Soris gamarTul matCze araerTxel dafiqsirda rasistuli<br />
lozungebi `rapidis~ bombardiris gaston taumentmenis misamarTiT. matCis win micemul interviuSi<br />
gaston tautmenma, romelic warmoSobiT surinamelia, ganacxada: `Tuki rasistul gamoxtomebs adgili<br />
aqvs ...., ar SeiZleba rasizms dumiliT SevxvdeT”<br />
rasistebis saqcieli fexburTis matCebze mSvenier Temas warmoadgens<br />
adamianis uflebaTa realizaciasTan dakavSirebul dilemaTa gansaxilvelad.<br />
? unda aekrZalos, Tu ara xulignobaSi eWvmitanil<br />
gulSematkivars mogzauroba sxva qveyanaSi matCze dasaswrebad?<br />
aris es misi Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis darRveva?<br />
axalgazrdoba da sporti<br />
erT-erTi magaliTi, Tu rogor ibrZvian axalgazrdebi adamianis<br />
uflebebisaTvis aris “fexburTi evropaSi rasizmis winaaRmdeg”, romelic<br />
ibrZvis, fexburTis saSualebiT, fexburTis sferoSi arsebuli rasobrivi<br />
diskriminaciis winaaRmedeg: stadionze da maT garSemo, gasaxdelSi,<br />
sawvrTnel moedanze, ofisSi da saklaso oTaxSi; ibrZvis rasizmis<br />
gamovlenis winaaRmdeg fexburTis moyvarulebis, moTamaSeebis, menejerebis,<br />
mwvrTnelebis, administratorebis, an maswavleblebis mxridan.<br />
zemoTxsenebuli `sportuli fexsacmlis~ kampaniasTan dakavSrebiT aSS-s<br />
studenturi moZraoba moiTxovs sportul sponsorebisagan, rom kompaniebma<br />
daicvan `qcevis kodeqsi~, Tuki ar surT dakargon maT kolejebTan<br />
sportuli inventariT momaragebis Sesaxeb dadebuli kontraqti.<br />
evropis sabWos muSaoba<br />
axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtorati aris ganaTlebis, kulturis,<br />
axalgazrdobis da sportis da ekologiis generaluri direqtoratis<br />
nawili. is aviTarebs mimarTulebebs, programebs da samarTlebriv<br />
dokumentebs erTiani da efeqturi axalgazrduli politikis gatarebisaTvis<br />
adgilobriv, erovnul, da evropul doneze. is uzrunvelyofs dafinansebas<br />
da ganaTlebis mxardaWeras saerTaSoriso axalgazrduli<br />
RonisZiebebisaTvis, romelic miznad isaxavs axalgazrdobis, axalgazrduli<br />
moZraobis da adamianis uflebaTa faseulobebis, demokratiisa da<br />
kulturuli pluralizmis damkvidrebas.<br />
evropis sabWos sportis ganviTarebis komitetma wamoiwyo sxvadasxva<br />
RonisZiebebi jansaRi cxovrebis stilis dasamkvidreblad da sportSi<br />
monawileobis asamaRleblad, mag. individualuri sportuli momzadebis<br />
testebi bavSvebisa da ufrosebisaTvis. 1989 wels miRebuli anti-dopinguri<br />
konvenciis da evrokavSirTan TanamSromlobis bazaze Seiqmna “sufTa<br />
sportis megzuri” – saganmanaTleblo da sainformacio paketi skolebisa da<br />
sportuli organizaciebisaTvis. 1986 w. Seiqmna sportuli RonisZiebebis<br />
mayurebelTa agresiulobis da xulignuri qcevis konvencia.<br />
500 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
sportTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso dokumenetebi da<br />
saerTaSoriso dReebi<br />
� 1975 w. evropuli qartia „sporti yvelasaTvis“. muxli 1<br />
uzrunvelyofs yvela adamianis uflebas sportSi monawileobisaTvis.<br />
� 1975 w. evropis sportisa da eTikis socialuri qartia<br />
iTvaliswinebs, rom sprtuli inventarisa da sportuli<br />
RonisZiebebis xelmisawvdomoba uzrunvelyofili unda iyos<br />
yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe.<br />
� 1978 w. fizikuri ganaTlebis da sportis qartia, muxli 1: “yvela<br />
adamians aqvs ufleba, miiRos fizikuri da sportuli ganaTleba,<br />
rac umniSvnelovanesia maTi pirovnebis sruli ganviTarebisaTvis”.<br />
� 1979 w. gaeros konvencia qalebis winaaRmdeg yvela saxis<br />
diskriminaciis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb. qalebis diskriminaciisagan<br />
dacvis mniSvneloba sportSi gansakuTrebiT aris xazgasmuli.<br />
saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian, uzrunvelyon qalebis sportul<br />
RonisZiebebSi, kulturuli cxovrebis yvela aspeqtSi monawileobis<br />
da dasvenebis ufleba<br />
� 1985 w. saerTaSoriso konvencia sportSi aparteidis winaaRmdeg.<br />
� invalidebis saerTaSoriso dRe, 3 dekemberi<br />
� Tambaqos sawinaaRmdego saerTaSoriso dRe - 31 maisi da msoflio<br />
jandacvis dRe - 7 aprili.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
evropis sabWo, axalgazrduli saqmeebis da sportis direqtorati,<br />
www.coe,fr/youth/home.htm<br />
rogor TamaSobT TamaSebs: sportis wvlili adamianis uflebebis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
sidneis konferencia, 1-3 seqtemberi 1999w.<br />
http://members.ozemail.com.au/~hrca/sport_and_human_rights.htm<br />
i. simonidesi, sporti adamianis uflebebis samsaxurSi, ganaTlebisa da sportis<br />
saerTaSoriso konferencia mSvidobiani kulturis interesebSi, UNESCO,<br />
parizi, safrangeTi, 5-7 ivlisi 1999w.<br />
kampania `sportuli fexsacmeli~, www.heartland-cafe.com/aup/aup.html<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRi<br />
3 dekemberi<br />
invalidebis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
31 maisi<br />
Tambaqos sawinaaRmdego<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
7 aprili<br />
jandacvis dRe<br />
501
“janmrTeloba aris<br />
sruli fizikuri, gonebrivi<br />
da socialuri sijansaRis<br />
mdgomareoba da ara ubralod<br />
daavadebis an avadmyofobis<br />
da sikvdilianobis<br />
ararseboba”.<br />
msoflio jandacvis<br />
sazogadoeba<br />
Sesatyvisi savarjiSoebi<br />
� saSinao saqmeebi<br />
� wamlebis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba<br />
� cxovreba srulyofil<br />
samyaroSi<br />
� visaubroT seqsze<br />
� baRi erT RameSi<br />
� sporti yvelasaTvis<br />
janmrTeloba<br />
janmrTeloba aris socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri da amave dros<br />
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi. uTanasworoba da siRaribe<br />
aris cudi janmrTelobis da aseve Raribebisa da gaucxoebuli adamianebis<br />
sikvdilianobis safuZveli. moxseneba msoflio jandacvis mdgomareobis<br />
Sesaxeb warmoadgens avadmyofobis da sikvdilianobis klasifikacias<br />
danomirili kodebiT. msoflios masStabiT, am moxsenebis mixedviT<br />
sikvdilianobis pirveli mizezi Seesabameba cifrs: 259.5, rac niSnavs<br />
ukidures siRaribes. es ukve mankier wred iqca: siRaribe iwvevs daavadebebs,<br />
romelic Tavis mxriv iwvevs ufro met siRaribes.<br />
bolo aTwleulebSi msoflioSi mimidinare ekonomikurma cvlilebebma<br />
udidesi gavlena moaxdina xalxis janmrTelobaze da maT mier jandacvisa da<br />
socialuri momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze. msoflio resursebi TandaTan metad<br />
koncentrirdeba mcirericxovan ekonomikur moTamaSeTa xelSi, romlebic<br />
cdiloben maqsimalurad gazardon TavianTi mogeba. ekonomikuri da<br />
finansuri politika TandaTan aqtiurad xorcieldeba mTavrobebisa da<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mcire jgufis mier, rogoricaa msoflio<br />
banki, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi da msoflio savaWro organizacia. am<br />
organizaciebis politika mravalerovnuli kompaniebis saqmianobasTan erTad<br />
mZime gavlenas axdens adamianTa sicocxleze, janmrTelobaze da<br />
keTildReobaze, rogorc samxreT, aseve CrdiloeT naxevarsferoSi.<br />
ise, rogorc arasdros, sikvdilianobasa da avadmyofobas mieca<br />
usamarTlobisa da uTanasworobis saxe. msoflio mosaxleobis 75%<br />
502 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
cxovrobs ganviTarebad qveynebSi da isini msoflio farmacevtuli bazris<br />
mxolod 8%-s warmoadgenen. ufro metic msoflio mosaxleobis 1/3-Tvis ar<br />
aris xelmisawvdomi yvela ZiriTadi medikamneti.<br />
Sidsi da adamianis uflebebi<br />
Sidsi aris naTeli magaliTi. maSin, rodesac mdidar qveynebSi SidsiT<br />
daavadebul adamianebs SeuZliaT ufro kargad da ufro didxans cxovreba<br />
anti-retrovirusuli medikamnetebis wyalobiT, romelic zogierT<br />
saxelmwifoSi ufasoa, an xelmisawvdomi fasi aqvs, samxreT qveynebSi SidsiT<br />
daavadebuli adamianebi ubralod iRupebian mkurnalobis SeuZleblobis gamo.<br />
am qveynebSi umetes SemTxvevaSi jandacvis yovelwliuri xarji erT sulze<br />
Seadgens daaxloebiT 10 aSS dolars.<br />
gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komisiam, Sidsisa da adamianis uflebaTa<br />
Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi, gamoyo Semdegi adamianis uflebebi, romlebic<br />
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli msoflioSi Sidsis gavrcelebis problemasTan: 29<br />
� qorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis ufleba. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa<br />
komisiis Sidsisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi<br />
naTqvamia: “naTelia, rom SidsiT daavadebuli adamianebis ufleba<br />
irRveva qorwinebamdeli savaldebulo testebiT da/an “Sidsis<br />
arqonis damadasturebeli sertifikatis”, rogorc saxelmwifo<br />
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT qorwinebis licenziis miRebis winapirobis,<br />
moTxovniT. amasTanave, SidsiT daavadebuli qalebis iZulebiTi<br />
aborti an sterilizeba arRvevs adamianis uflebas ojaxis Seqmnis<br />
Sesaxeb, iseve rogorc Tavisuflebis da pirovnuli xelSeuxeblobis<br />
uflebebs”.<br />
� bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis uflebebi SeiZleba aseve dadges<br />
safrTxis qveS. “am uflebaTagan bevri, rogoricaa trefikingisagan,<br />
prostituciisagan, seqsualuri eqsploataciisagan da Zaladobisagan<br />
dacva ukavSirdeba Sidsis profilaqtikas, mkulrnalobas da<br />
bavSvebis dacvas, radganac bavSvebis winaaRmdeg seqsualuri<br />
Zaladoba sxva faqtorebTan erTda zrdis maT daucvelobas Sidsis<br />
virusiT daavadebis TvalsazrisiT. yvela saxis informaciis da<br />
ideebis moZiebis, miRebis da gacemis Tavisufleba da ganaTlebis<br />
ufleba uzrunvelyofs bavSvTa uflebas miiRon da gascen yvela<br />
SidsTan dakavSirebuli informacia, romelic maT sWirdebaT, raTa<br />
Tavi daicvan infeqciisagan da gaumklavdnen inficirebulis<br />
statuss”.<br />
� “piradi cxovrebis ufleba moicavs fizikuri piradulobis<br />
mdgomareobis saidumloebis dacvas da informaciis piradulobis<br />
dacvis valdebulebas, daavadebuli adamianis testirebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli yvela saxis informaciis konfidencialurobis dacvis<br />
CaTvliT. gansakuTrebiT didia SidsiT daavadebulTa interesi<br />
konfidencialurobis dacvis sakiTxisadmi, pirvel rigSi<br />
savaldebulo samedicino Semowmebis iZulebiTi xasiaTis gamo da<br />
meorec, im sircxvilisa da diskriminaciis gamo, romelic adamians<br />
moelis, Tu informacia misi SidsiT daavadebis Sesaxeb cnobili<br />
gaxdeba pirad cxovrebaSi Carevis da konfidencialurobis darRvevis<br />
Sedegad. sazogadoebas gaaCnia piradulobisa da konfidencialurobis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
RirSesaniSnavi<br />
TariRebi<br />
1 dekemberi<br />
Sidsis winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe<br />
7 aprili<br />
jandacvis saerTaSoriso<br />
dRe<br />
503
dacvis interesi, raTa adamianebma Tavisuflad igrZnon Tavi<br />
jandacvis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis dros”.<br />
� ganaTlebis ufleba: “es ufleba moicavs sam farTo komponents,<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba SidsTan mimarTebaSi. pirveli, rogorc bavSvebs<br />
aseve ufrosebs, aqvT ufleba miiRon SidsTan dakavSirebuli<br />
ganaTleba gansakuTrebiT prevenciasTan da mkurnalobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. am sferoSi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba aris<br />
efeqturi prevenciis da mkurnalobis programebis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
komponenti.<br />
� saxelmwifos movaleobaa yvela kulturul da religiur<br />
tradiciaSi uzrunvelyos saTanado saSualebebis moZieba, raTa<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebSi CarTuli iqnas efeqturi informacia<br />
SidsTan dakavSirebiT skolis farglebSi da mis gareT. meore,<br />
saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon rom SidsiT daavadebuli<br />
bavSvebi, an mozrdilebi ar iyvnen diskriminirebuli maTTvis<br />
ganaTlebaze uaris Tqmis gziT, rac gulisxmobs skolebSi,<br />
universitetebSi, stipendiebze uaris Tqmas da saerTaSoriso<br />
programebSi maT ardaSvebas, an SezRudvebs maTi inficirebulis<br />
statusis gamo. amgvari zomebis miRebisaTvis, sazogadoebrivi<br />
jandacvis mizniT ar arsebobs raime logikuri safuZveli, radganac<br />
Cveulebriv saganmanaTleblo garemoSi ar arsebobs infeqciis<br />
gavrcelebis riski. mesame, saxelmwifoebma ganaTlebis saSualebiT<br />
unda daamkvidron gageba, pativiscema, Semwynarebloba SidsiT<br />
daavadebulebTan mimarTebaSi da maTi diskriminaciisagan dacva.”<br />
� “muSaobis ufleba niSnavs yvela adamianis uflebas dasaqmdes<br />
yovelgvari winapirobebis gareSe, garda saWiro kvalifikaciisa. es<br />
ufleba irRveva, rodesac TanamSromels sTxoven gaiaros<br />
savaldebulo testi imunodeficituri virusiT inficirebis<br />
dasadgenad da testze dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, mas uars<br />
eubnebian samsaxurSi miRebaze, aTavisufleben dakavebuli<br />
Tanamdebobidan, an ar gamouyofen kuTvnil daxmarebas.”.<br />
? rogor irRveva Tqven qveyanaSi SidsiT daavadebulTa, an<br />
imunodeficituri virusiT inficirebulTa uflebebi? rogor<br />
SeiZleba amis Tavidan acileba?<br />
janmrTelobis zogierTi sakiTxi aseve dakavSirebulia ekologiur problemebTan. 2001 w. oqtomberSi<br />
moewyo konferencia, romelic miznad isaxavda klimatis cvlilebebis da janmrTelobaze ozonis Sris<br />
dazianebis gavlenis gaanalizebas. am sferos eqspertebi darwmunebuli arian, rom “klimatis cvlileba<br />
da ozonis Sris dazianebis potenciurad saziano gavlena Zalian mniSvnelovania” da rom “saWiroa<br />
saswrafo zomebis miReba raTa Semcirdes rogorc ekologiuri ziani, aseve misi gavlena<br />
janmrTelobaze” 32 .<br />
504 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
janmrTeloba da axalgazrdebi<br />
bolo wlebSi, bevr evrpul qveyanaSi aRiniSna mcire asakSi<br />
axalgazrdebis mier alkoholis moxmarebis SemaSfoTebeli tendencia. is<br />
ziani, romelic maT amis Sedegad adgebaT, Zalian mZimea. riskis SedarebiTi<br />
analizi gviCvenebs, rom magaliTad, evropis regionSi 15-29 wlis<br />
mamakacebis sikvdilis mizezi 4-dan erT SemTxvevaSi alkoholis moxmarebiT<br />
aris gamowveuli. am mosazrebebma gamoiwvia is gadawyvetileba, rom<br />
“axalgazrdebi da alkoholi” gaxda jandacvis msoflio organizaciis<br />
ministrTa konferenciis Tema (stokholmi, 19-21 Tebervali, 2001 w), xolo<br />
konferenciis saboloo mizani iyo evropuli alkoholis samoqmedo gegmis<br />
ganxorcoelebis gaZliereba.<br />
konferenciam miiRo deklaracia romelic Seicavs Semdeg elementebs:<br />
1. alkoholi, rogorc mniSvnelovani safrTxe axalgazrdebis<br />
janmrTelobisaTvis.<br />
2. dadastureba im saWiroebisa, rom SemuSavdes politika alkoholTan<br />
mimarTebaSi sazogadoebrivi jandacvis sistemis farglebSi,<br />
komerciuli an ekonomikuri interesebis yovelgvari Carevis gareSe.<br />
3. SesaZlebloba, rom axalgazrdebi Tavad CaerTon politikis<br />
SemuSavebis sakiTxebSi.<br />
4. sakontrolo orientirebis gamokveTa erovnul da regionalur<br />
doneze, raTa Semcirdes axalgazrdebis janmrTelobaze alkoholis<br />
mavne zegavlena.<br />
msoflio jandacvis organizaciis (WHO) evropis regionalur komitets<br />
mieca rekomendacia mieRo rigi zomebi, romelic moicavs:<br />
� saerTaSoriso partniorobis gaZliereba gansakuTrebiT evropul<br />
komisiasTan, evropis sabWosTan, gaeros bavSvTa fondTan, samedicino<br />
asociaciebis evropul forumTan, da msoflio jandacvis<br />
organizaciasTan.<br />
� axalgazrdebTan da maT organizaciebTan kontaqtis SenarCuneba<br />
mTeli regionis masStabiT.<br />
� axalgazrdebs Soris alkoholuri sasmelebis gavrcelebis<br />
monitoringis sistemis daarseba.<br />
? SegiZliaT CamoTvaloT konkretuli da praqtikuli qmedebebi,<br />
romelic SeiZleba SemuSavebul iqnas am rekomendaciebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad Tqvens sazogadoebaSi, an qveyanaSi?<br />
rogorc zemoTxsenebul rekomendaciebSia xazgasmuli, axalgazrdebi<br />
unda iyvnen strategiuli partniorebi im programebis ganxorcielebis<br />
dros, romlebic exeba jandacvis problemebis mogvarebas profilaqtikis an<br />
mkurnalobis gziT. es aris axalgazrduli organizaciebi, romlebic<br />
aqtiurad arian CarTuli jandacvis sferoSi, maT Sorisaa wiTeli jvrisa<br />
da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso federacia, romlebsac<br />
axalgazrduli filialebi gaaCnia mTel msoflioSi. jandacvis skolebis<br />
evropuli qseli aris sammxrivi proeqti, romelic xorcieldeba msoflio<br />
jandacvis organizaciis evropis regionaluri ofisis, evropuli komisiis<br />
da evropis sabWos mier. is xazs usvams jandacvis popularizaciis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
505
mniSvnelobas saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis muSakTa<br />
da sazogadoebis wevrTa TanamSromlobis safuZvelze.<br />
janmrTelobis ufleba<br />
janmrTelobis ufleba moxseniebulia ramdenime saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumenetSi, rogoricaa ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli<br />
uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis me-12 muxli da bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
konvenciis 24-e, muxli. rac Seexeba evropas, evropis socialuri qartiis<br />
muxli 13 eqskluziurad am uflebas exeba:<br />
“socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis efeqturi gamoyenebis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad, monawile mxareebi Rebuloben valdebulebas:<br />
1. nebismierma pirovnebam, romelsac ar gaaCnia adeqvarturi resursebi,<br />
an ar SeuZlia moipovos es resursebi sakuTari mcdelobis, an sxva<br />
wyaroebis Sedegad, gansakuTrebiT socialuri dazRvevis sferodan,<br />
uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas adeqvaturi daxmarebiT, xolo<br />
avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi miiRos aucilebeli daxmareba.<br />
2. uzrunvelyofili iqnas, rom amgvarma daxmarebam ar gamoiwvios<br />
politikuri an socialuri uflebebis Semcireba im pirebisaTvis,<br />
vinc daxmarebas iRebs.<br />
3. uzrunvelyofili iqnas, rom yvelas SeeZlos miiRos aseTi rCeva da<br />
individualuri daxmareba saTanado saxelmwifo, an kerZo<br />
samsaxurebidan, raTa likvdirebuli an Semsubuqebuli iyos piradi<br />
an ojaxis moTxovnilebebi.<br />
4. am muxlis 1, 2 da 3 abzacebSi aRwerili debulebebis Tanabar<br />
doneze ganxorcieleba sakuTari qveynis, an qartiis sxva wevri<br />
qveynebis moqalaqeebis mimarT, romlebic kanonierad imyofebian<br />
Sesabamisi saxelmwifos teritoriaze, socialuri, da samedicino<br />
daxmarebis evropuli konvenciaSi Camoyalibebuli valdebulebebis<br />
Tanaxmad, xelmowerili parizSi 1953 w. 11 dekembers”.<br />
1999 wlis msoflio jandacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi<br />
gansazRvrulia Semdegi oTxi ZiriTadi problema erovnuli<br />
mTavrobebisaTvis, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis da samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis:<br />
1. jandacvis sistemebis orientireba minimaluri CareviT RaribTa<br />
avadmyofobis donis maqsimaluri SemcirebisaTvis. es moicavs<br />
valdebulebis aRebas malariis recidivebis kontrolze,<br />
tuberkulozis gaZlierebul kontrols, dedaTa da baSvTa<br />
janmrTelobaze da kvebaze zrunvas da imunizaciis programebis<br />
ganaxleba-gafarToeba.<br />
2. jandacvis sistemebis unaris gaZliereba daupirispirdnen<br />
janmrTelobis potenciur riskebs, rac gamomdinareobs ekonomikuri<br />
krizisidan, arajansaRi garemodan an sarisko Cvevebidan. erT-erTi<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani safrTxe aris Tambaqos moxmareba. globalur<br />
doneze Tambaqos kontrolze valdebulebis aRebam SeuZlia Tavidan<br />
agvacilos milionobiT naadrevi sikvdili. sxva prioritetebi<br />
moicavs antibaqteriuli saSualebebis moqmedebas da efeqtur<br />
506 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
eagirebas axladaRmocenebul daavadebebze. aseve, mniSvnelovania<br />
poliomielitis globalur doneze aRmofxvra da janmrTeli<br />
cxovrebis stilis damkvidreba (ufro sufTa haeris, adeqvaturi<br />
sanitaruli pirobebis da usafrTxo transportirebis CaTvliT).<br />
3. jandacvis sistemebis ganviTareba, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />
klinikuri momsaxurebis universalur xelmisawvdomobas ufasod (an<br />
Semcirebuli fasiT). es moiTxovs saxelmwifo dafinansebas,<br />
mTavrobis mier mandatirebul socialur dazRvevas, an orives<br />
erTad. magram amasTanave aRiarebulia, rom Tu momsaxureba<br />
yvelasaTvis unda iqnas uzrunvelyofili, maSin ar igulisxmeba<br />
yvela saxis momsaxureba. pirvel rigSi unda miewodos yvelaze<br />
dabalfasiani momsaxureba. yvelaze mdidar qveynebsac ki ar<br />
SeuZliaT mTeli mosaxleobis sruli samedicino paketiT<br />
uzrunvelyofa, maSinac ki rodesac samedicino xarjebi aWarbebs<br />
riskis zRvars.<br />
4. jandacvis sistemebis stimulireba codnis donis gazrdaSi<br />
investirebisaTvis, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada 20-e saukunis<br />
samedicino revolucia da rac uzrunvelyofs 21-e saukuneSi Semdeg<br />
warmatebebs. yvelaze mwvave saWiroeba aris infeqciuri daavadebebis<br />
kvleva da Seswavla, romelic araproporciul gavlenas axdens<br />
Raribebze. aseve saWiroa sainformacio bazis Seqmna, raTa qveynebma<br />
SeZlon sakuTari jandacvis sistemebis ganviTareba.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
msoflio moxseneba janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb (The World Health Report), jandacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso organizacia, www.who.int/whr<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
507
SeniSvnebi<br />
1. adamianis uflebebis gavrcelebisa da dacvis qvekomitetis rezolucia, adamianis uflebaTa<br />
gaeros umaRlesi komisari E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/1999/30<br />
2. evrosabWos cifrebi zogadad miekuTvneba 90-iani wlebis dasawyiss. The rates displayed are<br />
the percentage of children living in households with income below 50% of the national median. Source:<br />
Bradbury and Jantti (1999, Table 3.3) in Micklewright . J., Stewart, K., Child well-being in the EU and<br />
Enlargement to the East, Working Papers, UNICEF, Innocenti Centre, 2000<br />
3.No.R (91) 11 rekomendaciis seqsualur eqsploataciasTan, pornografiasTan,<br />
prostituciasTan bavSvebiT da axalagazrdebiT vaWrobasTan brZolis Sesaxeb cxovrebaSi<br />
gatareba, strasburgi, 8 aprili, 1998<br />
4. a. bilsoni, bavSvis usafrTxoeba internetSi: midgoma bavSvis uflebebTan, centri<br />
`evropis bavSvebisaTvis~ http://eurochild.gla.ac.uk<br />
5. evrosabWos programis sakonsultacio Sexvedra `demokratiuli moqalaqeobis swavleba~,<br />
1996w<br />
6. marina kovinina, samoqalaqo da samarTlebrivi swavlebis centri, rostovi donze, ruseTis<br />
federacia, adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis axalgazrduli forumi, budapeSti, 2000<br />
7. k. anani, ministrebis pirveli msoflio konferencia axalgazrduli saqmeebis Sesaxeb,<br />
lisaboni, portugalia, 1998<br />
8. evrokavSiri, sabWos direqtiva 2000/43/EC 2000wlis 29 ivnisidan Tanaswori mopyrobis<br />
principis realizeba rasobrivi en eTnikuri mikuTvnebis miuxedavad.<br />
9. El Pais digital, 5 Nov. 2000<br />
10. vebsteris mesame axali saerTaSoriso leqsikoni<br />
11. evrosabWo, socialuri saqmeebis direqtorati<br />
12. evrobarometris moxseneba (54.2/2001) dafuZnebuli 16000-ze meti moqalaqis<br />
gamokiTxvebze, 2 ianvari - 6 Tebervali, 2001w.<br />
13. www.disrights.org<br />
14. r. bedroni, seqsualur umciresobaTa mdgomareoba poloneTSi, kampania homofobiis<br />
winaaRmdeg, riga, agvisto, 2001w.<br />
15. Amnesty Internatianal 2001, Crimes of hate, conspiracy of silence<br />
16. belgiis lingvisturi saqme, romelic exeba belgiis saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi<br />
gamosayenebel enaTa gansazRvras. evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba,<br />
23 ivlisi 1968w. evropis sasamarTlos gamocema, seria A, tomi 6, gv.31,<br />
17. ganaTlebis ufleba (muxli 13), 08/12/99.E/C12/1999/10, CESCR<br />
18. `ganaTleba: dafaruli ganZi~, UNESCO, parizi, 1996w<br />
19. m. veisbroti, d. beikeri, e. kraevi, i. Ceni: globalizaciis sainformacio tablo 1980-<br />
2000ww. periodSi: Senelebuli progresis 20 weli. ekonomikisa da politikis kvleviTi<br />
centri, www.cepr.net<br />
20. k. uotkensi, ganaTleba axla _ siRaribis ciklis garRveva, Oxfam Inerntional, 2000<br />
21. a. motivansi, nawyveti moxsenebidan `ganaTleba yvelasaTvis centralur da aRmosavleT<br />
evropaSi~, UNESCO-s statistikis instituti, Innocenti Research Centre, Tebervali 2000<br />
22. moxseneba stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sesaxeb 2001w., wiTeli jvris da wiTeli<br />
naxevarmTavris saerTaSoriso federacia<br />
23. ingrid rambergi, `Zaladoba axalgazrda qalebTan mimarTebaSi evropaSi~, evrosabWo,<br />
2001w<br />
24. i. radiCova, `gogonebis da axalgazrda qalebis adamianis uflebebi evropaSi: XXI<br />
saukunis kiTxvebi da gamowvevebi~, zogadi daskvnebi, evrosabWo, strasburgi, 1994w.<br />
25. nawyvetebi gamocemidan `qalebiT vaWroba, yovlismomcveli evropuli strategia~,<br />
sainformacio furclebi, evrokomisia<br />
26. iqve<br />
27. h. lori, a. germani, e. pitangui, Zaladoba qalebis winaaRmdeg: janmrTelobis faruli<br />
problema, msoflio banki, vaSingtoni, 1994w<br />
28. rezolucia 1212 (2000), evrosabWos saparlamento asamblea<br />
29. konceptualuri CarCoebi genderis CarTvisaTvis ZiriTad mimarTulebebSi, warmatebuli<br />
gamocdilebis meTodologia da demonstracia. daskvniTi moxseneba ZiriTadi mimarTulebis<br />
sakiTxebze momuSave jgufis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb (EG-S-MS), strasburgi, maisi 1998w<br />
30. seminaris `Zaladoba axalgazrda qalebis winaaRmdeg evropaSi~ monawileebis gancxadeba,<br />
romelic Sedga evropis axalgazrdul centrSi budapeStSti 2001w<br />
508 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
31. qve-komisiis rezolucia adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da waxaxalisebis Sesaxeb (gaeros<br />
adamianis uflebaTa komisia) E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/1999/30.<br />
32. meore saerTaSoriso konsultacia Sidsis Sesaxeb E/CN.4/1997/37, gaeros adamianis<br />
uflebaTa komisia, 20/01/97<br />
33. evrocentris mier italiis garemos dacvis saministrosTan da garemos dacvis<br />
evrosaagentosTan erTad organizebuli konferencia WHO garemopirobebisa da janmrTelobis<br />
Sesaxeb, orvieto, italia, 5-6 oqtomberi, 2001w. pres-relizi evro 12/2001<br />
www.who.dk.cpa.backgrounders_2001/pback_2001.htm<br />
34. kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da sagareo vaWrobis saministro, www.dfaitaeci.gc.ca/foreignnp.humansecurity<br />
35. r. hei, samSvidobo qmedebebi mSvidobis mxardasaWeri operaciebis dros: uaxlesi misiebis<br />
ganxilva da analizi, 1999w.<br />
36. Mandela, N., Long Walk to Freedom, (n. mandela, `grZeli gza Tavisuflebisaken~), Little<br />
brown and Company, London, 1994<br />
37. veran matiCi, damoukidebeli eleqtronuli kavSiris saSualebebis asociaciis<br />
Tavmjdomare (ANEM)<br />
38. sofiis deklaracia gancxadebuli 1997 w-is 13 seqtembers, (mogvinebiT miRebuli<br />
UNESCO-s generaluri konferenciis mier XXIX sesiaze, 1997w. neomberSi, 35 rezoluciis<br />
saxiT)<br />
39. damatebiTi informacia SegiZliaT ixiloT internetSi: www.humanrights.coe.int/media<br />
40. stokholmis saerTaSoriso mSvidobis kvleviTi instituti, www.sipri.se<br />
41. moxseneba adamianis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb 2001w-s. gaeros ganviTarebis programa<br />
42. Instiuto del Tarcer Mundo, `mesame msoflios cnobari~, urugvai<br />
43. UNICEF-is moxsenebidan `axalgazrdoba cvalebad sazogadoebebSi~, Regional Monitoring<br />
Report, No 7, Florence: Innocenti Research Centre, 2000<br />
44. arCevani RaribebisaTvis, gaeros ganviTarebis programa, marti 2001.<br />
45. Pascul,S., Waddington, J., Young People: The labour market and trade Union. nawyveti<br />
moxsenebidan momzadebuli evrosabWos konfedaraciis profkavSirebis axalgazrduli saqmeebis<br />
komitetisTvis, European Union Confederation Publication, May 2000 UNICEF (2000),<br />
~axalgazrdebi cvalebad sazogadoebaSi~ moxseneba regionaluri monitoringis Sesaxeb No.7,<br />
Florebce Innocenti Research Centre<br />
46. amoRebuli evrosabWos konfedaraciis profkavSirebis axalgazrduli saqmeebis<br />
komitetisTvis momzadebuli moxsenebidan: Young People: The labour market and trade Union, maisi<br />
2000<br />
47. ix. ZiriTadi informacia globalizaciis Temis Sesaxeb (gv.429)<br />
48. nawyveti vebgverdidan www.encarta.msn.com, damatebiTi informacia saerTaSoriso<br />
paralimpiur komitetze SegiZliaT miiRoT vebgverdze www.paralumpyc.org<br />
49. damatebiTi informacia mocemulia ZiriTad informaciaSi moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb (gv. 464)<br />
50. www.openfunfoodballscools.org.mk/status.htm<br />
51. nawyveti amoRebulia: Tomek. L., Lidove Noviny, 23 agvisto 2001w. iana ondarCkovas<br />
Targmani<br />
52. ix. New internationalist 330, Dec. 2000, www.oneworld.org/ni/issues330/factfole.htm ix. aseve<br />
ZiriTadi informacia globalizaciis Sesaxeb (gv. 429)<br />
53. fexburTi rasizmis winaaRmdeg evropaSi, www.farenet.org<br />
54. damatebiTi informacia SegiZliaT ixiloT http://cilture.coe.fr/sf/splist.html<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
509
danarTi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso aqtebi<br />
da Sefasebis anketa
Tavis Sinaarsi<br />
adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso aqtebi da Sefasebis anketa .................................<br />
qveynebi, romlebmac moaxdines adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />
ratificireba .....................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (reziume) .........................................................................................<br />
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia ................................................................................................................<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb ...........................................................<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb ............................<br />
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (reziume) ..............................................................................................................................<br />
evropis konvencia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb (reziume) .....<br />
konvencia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb, #11 oqmiT Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi da damatebebi .........................................................................................................................................................<br />
evropis socialuri qartia (reziume) ...............................................................................................................................<br />
erovnuli umcirosobebis dacvis CarCo konvencia (reziume) .............................................................................<br />
regionaluri enebis an enobriv umciresobaTa evropis qartia .........................................................................<br />
anketa Sefasebisa da gamoxmaurebisaTvis ..............................................................................................................................<br />
511<br />
513<br />
514<br />
515<br />
518<br />
519<br />
520<br />
522<br />
523<br />
531<br />
533<br />
534<br />
537
adamianis uflebaTa mTavari saerTaSoriso dokumentebis ratifikaciis satatusi<br />
qveynebi<br />
saerTaSoris<br />
o paqti<br />
ekonomikuri,<br />
soci-aluri<br />
da<br />
kulturuli<br />
uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
gaeros organizaciebi evropis sabWo<br />
saerTaSoriso<br />
paqti samoqalaqo<br />
da politikuri<br />
uflebebis<br />
Sesaxeb<br />
bavSvis<br />
uflebaTa<br />
konvencia<br />
adamianis<br />
uflebaTa<br />
evropis<br />
konvencia<br />
evropis<br />
socialuri<br />
qartia<br />
evropis<br />
socialuri<br />
qartia -<br />
Sesworebuli<br />
erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis<br />
dacvis CarCo<br />
konvencia<br />
wamebisa da<br />
araadamianuri<br />
an<br />
Rirsebis Semlaxavi<br />
mopyro-bis an<br />
dasjis<br />
sawinaaRmdego<br />
evvropis<br />
konvencia<br />
regionaluri<br />
enebis<br />
an enobriv<br />
umciresobaTa<br />
evropis<br />
qartia<br />
mdgomareoba 21.08.02 21.08.02 21.08.02 12.11.02 12.11.02 12.11.02 12.11.02 12.11.02 12.11.02<br />
ZalaSi Sesvla 03.01.1976 23.03.1976 02.09.1980 03.09.53 26.02.65 01.07.99 01.02.98 01.02.89 01.03.98<br />
avstria � � � � � � � �<br />
azerbaijani � � � � � �<br />
albaneTi � � � � � �<br />
andora � � �<br />
belgia � � � � � �<br />
belorusia � � �<br />
bosnia da<br />
hercogovina<br />
� � � �<br />
bulgareTi � � � � � � �<br />
germania � � � � � � � �<br />
didi<br />
britaneTi<br />
� � � � � � � �<br />
dania � � � � � � � �<br />
espaneTi � � � � � � � �<br />
estoneTi � � � � � � �<br />
TurqeTi � � � � � �<br />
irlandia � � � � � � � �<br />
islandia � � � � � �<br />
italia � � � � � � � �<br />
iugoslavia � � � �<br />
kviprosi � � � � � � � �<br />
latvia � � � � � �<br />
litva � � � � � � �<br />
lixtenSt. � � � � � � �<br />
luqsemburgi � � � � � �<br />
makedonia � � � � � �<br />
malta � � � � � � �<br />
moldova � � � � � � �<br />
norvegia � � � � � � � � �<br />
poloneTi � � � � � � �<br />
portugalia � � � � � �<br />
ruseTi � � � � � �<br />
rumineTi � � � � � � �<br />
saberZneTi � � � � � �<br />
san-marino � � � � � �<br />
sasomxeTi � � � � � �<br />
safrangeTi � � � � � � �<br />
saqarTvelo � � � � �<br />
slovakeTi � � � � � � � �<br />
slovenia � � � � � � � �<br />
ukraina � � � � � �<br />
fineTi � � � � � � � �<br />
SvedeTi � � � � � � � � �<br />
Sveicaria � � � � � � �<br />
CexeTi � � � � � � �<br />
xorvatia � � � � � �<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
513
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia<br />
muxli 1<br />
Tanasworuflebianoba<br />
muxli 2<br />
diskriminaciisgan dacva<br />
muxli 3<br />
sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis<br />
ufleba.<br />
muxli 4<br />
monobisgan an ZalmomreobiTi morCilebisgan<br />
Tavisufleba<br />
muxli 5<br />
dacva wamebisagan da sastiki, araadamianuri Tu misi<br />
Rirsebis damamcirebeli mopyrobisa da sasjelisagan.<br />
muxli 6<br />
samarTalsubieqtobis aRiarebis ufleba<br />
muxli 7<br />
kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis ufleba<br />
muxli 8<br />
kompetenturi sasamarTloebis mier uflebebSi<br />
efeqturad aRdgenis ufleba<br />
muxli 9<br />
TviTneburi dapatimrebis, dadakavebis an gaZevebisgan<br />
dacvis ufleba.<br />
muxli 10<br />
saqveyno da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos ufleba<br />
muxli 11<br />
ufleba iTvlebodes udanaSaulod kanonieri<br />
wesisamebr danaSaulis dadgenamde.<br />
muxli 12<br />
piradsa da ojaxur cxovrebaSi TviTneburi Carevisagan,<br />
sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobisa da korespondenciis<br />
saidumloebis TviTneburi xelyofisagan, dacvis ufleba<br />
muxli 13<br />
ufleba daubrkoleblad icvlides adgilsamyofels da<br />
irCevdes Tavis sacxovrebel adgils yoveli saxelmwifos<br />
farglebSi<br />
muxli 14<br />
ufleba eZios devnisgan TavSesafari sxva qveyanaSi<br />
da isargeblos am TavSesafriT<br />
muxli 15<br />
moqalaqeobisa da misi Secvlis ufleba<br />
(Semoklebuli varianti)<br />
muxli 16<br />
daqorwinebisa da ojaxi daafuZnebis ufleba<br />
muxli 17<br />
qonebis flobis ufleba<br />
muxli 18<br />
azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
muxli 19<br />
mrwamsisa da informaciis Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
muxli 20<br />
mSvidobiani krebebisa da asociaciebis Tavisuflebis<br />
ufleba<br />
muxli 21<br />
Tavisi qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi da Tavisufal<br />
arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba<br />
muxli 22<br />
socialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba<br />
muxli 23<br />
Sromis da samuSaos Tavisufali arCevis,<br />
profkavSirebSi gaerTianebis ufleba<br />
muxli 24<br />
dasvenebisa da mocaleobis ufleba<br />
muxli 25<br />
adeqvaturi cxovrebis donis ufleba<br />
muxli 26<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba<br />
muxli 27<br />
sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi Tavisuflad<br />
monawileobis ufleba<br />
muxli 28<br />
socialuri wesrigis ufleba, romlis pirobebSi<br />
SesaZlebelia am deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa<br />
da TavisuflebaTa mTlianad ganxorcieleba<br />
muxli 29<br />
movaleobani sazogadoebis winaSe, romelSic<br />
SesaZlebelia pirovnebis Tavisufali da sruli<br />
ganviTareba.<br />
muxli 30<br />
dacva saxelmwifos an sxva pirebis iseTi<br />
qmedebebisgan, romlebic mimarTulia am deklaraciaSi<br />
CamoTvlil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa mosaspobad.<br />
© minesotis Statis universitetis adamianis<br />
uflebaTa resurs centri. 1999. ibeWdeba pirvelad.<br />
514 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia<br />
miRebuli da gamocxadebuli generaluri asembleis 217 (III) rezoluciiT 1948 wlis 10 dekembers<br />
preambula<br />
1948 wlis 10 dekembers gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis generalurma asambleam daamtkica da<br />
gamoacxada adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia,<br />
romlis sruli teqstic aqa aris mocemuli. miiRo ra es<br />
istoriuli mniSvnelobis gadawyvetileba, asambleam<br />
mowodebiT mimarTa organizaciis wevr yvela saxelmwifos,<br />
gamoaqveynon deklaraciis teqsti da yvelaferi iRonon<br />
`misi gavrcelebis, sajaroobisa da ganmartebisaTvis,<br />
umTavresad skolebSi da sxva saswavlo dawesebulebebSi,<br />
qveynebis an teritoriebis politikuri statusis<br />
ganurCevlad~.<br />
vinaidan adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebelia Rirsebisa da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli<br />
uflebebis aRiareba warmoadgns Tavisuflebis,<br />
samarTlianobisa da sayovelTao mSvidobis safuZvels; da<br />
vinaidan adamianis uflebaTa ugulebelyofam da abuCad<br />
agdebam gamoiwvia barbarosuli aqtebi, rac aRaSfoTebs<br />
kacobriobis sindiss da rom iseTi msoflio Seqmna,<br />
romelSic adamianebs eqnebaT sityvisa da rwmenis<br />
Tavisufleba da romelSic isini icxovreben SiSisa da<br />
gaWirvebis gareSe, gamocxadebulia, rogorc adamianTa<br />
maRali miswrafeba; da<br />
vinaidan aucilebelia uflebebs icavdes kanonis Zala<br />
imis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa adamiani iZulebuli ar<br />
gaxdes mimarTos ajanyebas, rogorc ukanasknel saSualebas<br />
tiraniisa da Cagvris winaaRmdeg; da<br />
vinaidan aucilebelia xelis Sewyoba xalxTa Soris<br />
megobrul urTierTobaTa ganviTarebisaTvis; da<br />
vinaidan gaerTianebuli erebis xalxebma wesdebaSi<br />
daadastures TavianTi rwmena adamianis ZiriTadi<br />
uflebebisadmi, adamianis pirovnebis Rirsebisa da<br />
Rirebulebis da kacebisa da qalebis<br />
Tanasworuflebianobisadmi, gadawyvites xeli Seuwyon<br />
socialur progressa da cxovrebis ukeTes dones meti<br />
Tavisuflebis pirobebSi; da<br />
vinaidan wevrma saxelmwifoebma ikisres valdebuleba<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciasTan TanamSromlobaSi<br />
xeli Seuwyon adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad<br />
TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao pativiscemasa da dacvas; da<br />
vinaidan aseT uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
gagebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs am valdebulebebis<br />
mTlianad SesrulebisaTvis<br />
generaluri asamblea acxadebs: adamianis uflebaTa am<br />
sayovelTao deklaracias iseT amocanad, romlis<br />
Sesrulebas unda eltvodes yoveli xalxi da saxelmwifo<br />
raTa yoveli adamiani da sazogadoebis yoveli organo,<br />
niadag gaiTvaliswinebs ra am deklaracias, miiswrafvodes<br />
swavla-ganaTlebis meSveobiT xeli Seuwyos am uflebaTa<br />
da TavisuflebaTa pativiscemas da maTi sayovelTao da<br />
efeqtiani aRiareba-ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofas nacio-<br />
naluri Tu saerTaSoriso progresuli RonisZiebebiT<br />
rogorc organizaciis wevr saxelmwifoTa xalxebSi, aseve<br />
am saxelmwifoebis iurisdiqciisadmi daqvemdebarebul<br />
teritoriaTa xalxebSi.<br />
muxli 1<br />
yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi<br />
RirsebiTa da uflebebiT. MmaT miniWebuli aqvT goneba da<br />
sindisi da erTmaneTis mimarT unda iqceodnen Zmobis<br />
suliskveTebiT.<br />
muxli 2<br />
1. am deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba da yvela<br />
Tavisufleba miniWebuli unda hqondes yovel adamians<br />
ganurCevlad raime gansxvavebis, saxeldobr, rasis, kanis<br />
feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva<br />
rwmenis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis,<br />
qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobisa.<br />
2. garda amisa, dauSvebelia raime gansxvaveba im qveynis Tu<br />
teritoriis politikuri, samarTlebrivi an saerTaSoriso<br />
statusis safuZvelze, romelsac adamiani ekuTvnis,<br />
miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogoria es teritoria _<br />
damoukidebeli, sameurveo, araTviTmmarTveli Tu<br />
sxvagvarad SezRuduli Tavis suverenitetSi.<br />
muxli 3<br />
yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi<br />
xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.<br />
muxli 4<br />
aravin ar ar unda imyofebodes monobaSi an ZalmomreobiTi<br />
morCilebis mdgomareobaSi. yvela saxis monoba da<br />
monaTvaWroba akrZaluria.<br />
muxli 5<br />
aravis mimarT ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli wameba an<br />
sastiki, araadamianuri Tu misi Rirsebis damamcirebeli<br />
mopyroba da sasjeli.<br />
muxli 6<br />
yovel adamians sadac unda imyofebodes igi, imis ufleba<br />
aqvs, rom aRiarebuli iqnes misi samarTalsubieqtoba.<br />
muxli 7<br />
yvela adamiani Tanasworia kanonis winaSe da ganurCevlad<br />
raime gansxvavebisa, yvelas aqvs ufleba Tanabrad iyos<br />
daculi kanonis mier. yvela adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabrad<br />
iyos daculi am deklaraciis damrRvevi yovelgvari<br />
diskriminaciisagan da aseTi diskriminaciis yovelgvari<br />
waqezebisagan."<br />
muxli 8<br />
yovel adamians aqvs ufleba efeqtianad iqnas aRdgenili<br />
uflebebSi kompetenturi nacionaluri sasamarTloebis<br />
mier im SemTxvevaSi, roca darRveulia misTvis<br />
konstituciiT Tu kanoniT miniWebuli ZiriTadi uflebebi.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
515
muxli 9<br />
aravis dapatimreba, daWera an gaZeveba ar SeiZleba<br />
TviTneburad.<br />
muxli 10<br />
yovel adamians mis uflebamovaleobaTa gansazRvrisaTvis<br />
da misTvis wayenebuli sisxlissamarTeblivi braldebis<br />
safuZvelze, aqvs imis ufleba rom, misi saqme saqveynod da<br />
samarTlianobis yvela moTxovnis dacviT gaarCios<br />
damoukidebelma da miukerZoebelma sasamarTlom.<br />
muxli 11<br />
1. yovel adamians, romelsac bralad edeba<br />
danaSaulis Cadena, ufleba aqvs iTvlebodes<br />
udanaSaulod manam, sanam misi damnaSaveoba<br />
dadgenili ar iqneba kanonieri wesisamebr sajaro<br />
sasamarTlo ganxilviT, romlis drosac misTvis<br />
uzrunvelyofilia dacvis yvela SesaZlebloba.<br />
2. aravis ar SeiZleba msjavri daedos<br />
danaSaulisaTvis raime iseTi moqmedebis Cadenis<br />
safuZvelze, anda iseTi umoqmedobisaTvis,<br />
romlebic Cadenis dros ar Seadgenda danaSauls<br />
nacionaluri kanonis an saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />
mixedviT. ar SeiZleba agreTve ufro mZime<br />
sasjelis dadeba, vidre is, romelic SeiZleboda<br />
gamoyenebuli yofiliyo im dros, roca Cadenil<br />
iqna danaSauli.<br />
muxli 12<br />
aravis mimarT ar SeiZleba TviTneburi Careva mis piradsa<br />
da ojaxur cxovrebaSi, TviTneburi xelyofa misi<br />
sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis, misi korespondenciis<br />
saidumloebis, anda misi pativisa da reputaciisa. yovel<br />
adamians aqvs ufleba daculi iyos kanonis mier aseTi<br />
Carevisa da xelyofisagan.<br />
muxli 13<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba daubrkoleblad<br />
icvlides adgilsamyofels da irCevdes Tavis<br />
sacxovrebel adgils yoveli saxelmwifos<br />
farglebSi.<br />
2. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba datovos yoveli<br />
qveyana, maT Soris Tavisic, da dabrundes Tavis<br />
qveyanaSi.<br />
muxli 14<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba eZios devnisgan<br />
TavSesafari sxva qveyanaSi da isargeblos am<br />
TavSesafriT.<br />
2. es ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes iseTi<br />
devnis SemTxvevaSi, romlis safuZvels namdvilad<br />
warmoadgens Cadena arapolitikuri danaSaulisa,<br />
anda qmedebisa, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis miznebsa da<br />
principebs.<br />
muxli 15<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs moqalaqeobis ufleba.<br />
2. aravis ar SeiZleba TviTneburad CamoerTvas moqalaqeoba<br />
an ufleba Tavisi moqalaqeobis Secvlisa.<br />
muxli 16<br />
1. srulasakovnebas miRweul kacebsa da qalebs<br />
ufleba aqvT rasis, erovnebis an religiis niSniT<br />
raime SezRudvis gareSe, daqorwindnen da ojaxi<br />
daafuZnon.<br />
isini sargebloben erTnairi uflebebiT<br />
daqorwinebisas, qorwinebaSi yofnis dros da<br />
ganqorwinebisas.<br />
2. daqorwineba SesaZlebelia mxolod orive meqorwine<br />
mxaris Tavisufali da sruli Tanxmobisas.<br />
3. ojaxi aris sazogadoebis bunebrivi da ZiriTadi<br />
ujredi da mas ufleba aqvs daculi iyos<br />
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos mxriv.<br />
muxli 17<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba flobdes qonebas<br />
rogorc erTpirovnulad, aseve sxvebTan erTad.<br />
2. aravis ar unda CamoerTvas qoneba TviTneburad.<br />
muxli 18<br />
yovel adamians aqvs ufleba azris, sindisisa da religiis<br />
Tavisuflebisa: es ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas Tavisi<br />
religiis Tu rwmenis Secvlisa da Tavisuflebas Tavisi<br />
religiis Tu rwmenis aRmsareblobisa, rogorc<br />
erTpirovnulad aseve sxvebTan erTad, moZRvrebaSi<br />
RvTismsaxurebaSi da religiur da ritualur wes-<br />
CveulebaTa SesrulebaSi sajaro Tu kerZo wesiT.<br />
muxli 19<br />
yovel adamians aqvs ufleba mrwamsis Tavisuflebisa da<br />
misi Tavisuflad gamoTqmisa: es ufleba moicavs adamianis<br />
Tavisuflebas daubrkoleblad iqonios Tavisi mrwamsi da<br />
eZios miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia da ideebi<br />
yovelgvari saSualebiT da saxelmwifo sazRvrebisgan<br />
damoukideblad.<br />
muxli 20<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba mSvidobiani krebebisa<br />
da asociaciebis Tavisuflebisa.<br />
2. aravis iZuleba ar SeiZleba raime asociaciaSi<br />
Sesasvlelad.<br />
muxli 21<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba monawileobdes Tavisi<br />
qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi an uSualod, anda<br />
Tavisuflad arCeul warmomadgenelTa meSveobiT.<br />
2. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabar safuZvelze<br />
Sevides Tavisi qveynis saxelmwifo samsaxurSi.<br />
3. xalxis neba unda iyos safuZveli mTavrobis<br />
Zalauflebisa: es neba unda gamoxatavdes<br />
periodul da gauyalbebel arCevnebSi, romlebic<br />
unda tardebodes sayovelTao da Tanaswori<br />
saarCevno uflebebis pirobebSi, faruli kenWisyriT<br />
an sxva TanabarmniSvnelovani formebis meSveobiT,<br />
romlebic uzrunvelyofen xmis micemis<br />
Tavisuflebas.<br />
muxli 22<br />
yovel adamians, rogorc sazogadoebis wevrs, aqvs<br />
socialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba da ufleba<br />
ganaxorcielos ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul<br />
dargebSi, nacionaluri mecadineobisa da saerTaSoriso Ta-<br />
516 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
namSromlobis meSveobiT da yoveli saxelmwifos<br />
struqturisa da resursebis Sesabamisad, is uflebebi<br />
romlebic aucilebelia misi Rirsebis SenarCunebisa da<br />
pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
muxli 23<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs Sromis, samuSaos Tavisufali<br />
arCevis, Sromis samarTliani da xelsayreli<br />
pirobebisa da umuSevrobisagan dacvis ufleba.<br />
2. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabari Sromis<br />
Tanabrad anazRaurebisa yovelgvari diskriminaciis<br />
gareSe.<br />
3. yvel muSaks aqvs ufleba iRebdes samarTliansa da<br />
damakmayofilebel gasamrjelos, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs Rirseul adamianur arsebobas<br />
TviTon misaTvis da misi ojaxisaTvis da romelsac,<br />
roca aucilebelia emateba socialuri<br />
uzrunvelyofis sxva saxsrebi.<br />
4. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Seqmnas profesiuli<br />
kavSirebi da Sevides profesiul kavSirebSi Tavisi<br />
interesebis dasacavad.<br />
muxli 24<br />
yovel adamians aqvs dasvenebisa da mocaleobis ufleba<br />
samuSao dRis gonivruli SezRudvisa da anazRaurebuli<br />
perioduli Svebulebis uflebis CaTvliT.<br />
muxli 25<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba hqondes cxovrebis<br />
iseTi done, sakvebis, tansacmlis, binis, samedicino<br />
movliosa da saWiro socialuri momsaxurebis<br />
CaTvliT, romelic aucilebelia TviTon misi da<br />
misi ojaxis janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis<br />
SesanarCuneblad, da ufleba uzrunvelyofili iyos<br />
umuSevrobis, avadmyofobis, invalidobis, qvrivobis,<br />
moxucebulobis an misgan damoukidebel garemoebaTa<br />
gamo arsebobis saSualebaTa dakargvis sxva<br />
SemTxvevaSi.<br />
2. dedoba da Cvili yrmis asaki iZleva<br />
gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiTa da daxmarebiT<br />
sargeblobis uflebas. yvela bavSvi, dabadebuli<br />
qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe, unda<br />
sargeblobdes erTnairi socialuri dacviT.<br />
muxli 26<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. ganaTleba<br />
dawyebiTi da zogadi mainc, ufaso unda iyos. dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTleba unda iyos savaldebulo; teqnikuri<br />
da profesiuli ganaTleba ki sayovelTaod<br />
xelmisawvdomi, umaRlesi ganaTleba ki erTnairad<br />
misawvdomi yvelasaTvis TviTeulis unarisamebr.<br />
2. ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis pirovnebis<br />
sruli ganviTarebisa da adamianis uflebaTa da Zi-riTad<br />
TavisuflebaTa pativiscemis gadidebisaken. ganaTlebam<br />
xeli unda Seuwyos yvela xalxis, yve-la rasobrivi Tu<br />
religiuri jgufis urTierT-gagebas, Semwynareblobasa da<br />
megobrobas da xeli unda Seuwyos gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis moRvaweobas mSvidobis SesanarCuneblad.<br />
2. mSoblebs aqvT prioritetis ufleba airCion ra<br />
saxis ganaTleba surT TavianTi mcirewlovani<br />
SvilebisaTvis.<br />
muxli 27<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad<br />
monawileobdes sazogadoebis kulturul<br />
cxovrebaSi, tkbebodes xelovnebiT, monawileobdes<br />
mecnierul progresSi da sargeblobdes misi<br />
sikeTiT.<br />
2. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba daculi iyos misi<br />
moraluri da materialuri interesebi, rogorc<br />
Sedegi im mecnieruli, literaturuli da<br />
mxatvruli naSromebisa, romelTa avtorsac igi<br />
warmoagdens.<br />
muxli 28<br />
yovel adamians aqvs ufleba iseT socialursa da<br />
saerTaSoriso wesrigze, romlis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia<br />
am deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa<br />
mTlianad ganxorcieleba.<br />
muxli 29<br />
1. yovel adamians aqvs movaleobani sazogadoebis<br />
winaSe, radgan mxolod sazogadoebaSia<br />
SesaZlebeli misi pirovnebis Tavisufali da sruli<br />
ganviTareba.<br />
2. Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa<br />
ganxorcielebisas yoveli adamiani unda ganicdides<br />
mxolod iseT SezRudvas, rogoric kanoniTaa<br />
dadgenili martooden im mizniT, raTa<br />
uzrunvelyofil iqnes sxvebis uflebaTa da<br />
TavisuflebaTa jerovani aRiareba da pativiscema<br />
da dakmayofildes zneobis, sazogadoebrivi<br />
wesrigisa da saerTo keTildReobis samarTliani<br />
moTxovnebi demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.<br />
3. am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba<br />
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis miznebsa da<br />
principebs.<br />
muxli 30<br />
am deklaraciaSi araferi ar unda ganimartos, rogorc<br />
miniWeba romelime saxelmwifosaTvis, pirTa jgufisa Tu<br />
cali pirebisaTvis uflebisa eweodnen iseT saqmianobas an<br />
Caidinon iseTi qmedebebi, romlebic mimarTulia am<br />
deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa<br />
mosaspobad.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
517
saerTaSoriso paqti<br />
moqalaqeobrivi da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
(araoficialuri gadmocema)<br />
� mocemuli paqti miiRo gaeros generalurma asambleam 1966 wlis 16 dekembers, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wlis 23 marts.<br />
2002 wlis bolosaTvis paqti ratificirebuli iyo 148 saxelmwifos mier.<br />
� paqti ganavrcobs moqalaqeobriv da politikur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, romlebic CamoTvlilia adamianis uflebaTa<br />
sayovelTao deklaraciaSi.<br />
� paqtis pirveli muxlis mixedviT, saxelmwifoebi iReben valdebulebas waaxalison xalxTa TviTgamorkvevis uflebis<br />
ganxorcieleba da pativi scen am uflebas. paqtSi aRiarebulia, agreTve, xalxTa ufleba, am miznis misaRwevad Tavisuflad<br />
isargeblon TavianTi bunebrivi simdidriTa da resursebiT.<br />
aRniSnuli paqtiT garantirebuli uflebebi:<br />
muxli 2<br />
uzrunvelyos, rom TiTeul pirs, visi aRiarebuli<br />
uflebebi an Tavisuflebebi dairRva, hqondes efeqturi<br />
dacvis saSualebebi, damoukideblad imisa Cadenili iyo Tu<br />
ara aseTi darRveva pirisagan oficialur rangSi.<br />
muxli 3<br />
uzrunvelyofs mamakacisa da qalis uflebas Tanasworad<br />
isargeblon moqalaqeobrivi da politikuri uflebebiT.<br />
muxli 6<br />
sicocxlisa da Sewyalebis an ganaCenis Semsubuqebis<br />
ufleba.<br />
muxli 7<br />
sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis damamcirebeli<br />
mopyrobis an sasjelisgan dacvis ufleba.<br />
muxli 8<br />
monobisgan an damonebuli mdgomareobisgan dacvis ufleba.<br />
muxli 9<br />
Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis<br />
ufleba. aravin ar SeiZleba dapatimrebuli an<br />
dakavebuli iqnas TviTneburad.<br />
muxli 11<br />
aravin ar SeiZleba imyofebodes patimrobaSi im<br />
safuZvliT, rom mas unari ar Seswevs Seasrulos<br />
saxelSekrulebo valdebuleba.<br />
muxli 12<br />
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba.<br />
muxli 14<br />
kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis ufleba, udanaSaulobis<br />
prezumpcia, vidre danaSauli ar damtkicdeba da<br />
damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier saqmis<br />
samarTliani da sajaro ganxilvis ufleba.<br />
muxli 16<br />
samarTlis subieqtad aRiarebis ufleba.<br />
muxli 17<br />
piradi cxovrebis ufleba da misi kanonieri dacva.<br />
muxli 18<br />
azris sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
muxli 19<br />
azrisa da Sexedulebebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis ufleba<br />
muxli 20<br />
omis propagandisa da nacionaluri, rasobrivi da<br />
religiuri siZulvilis qadagebis akrZalva.<br />
muxli 21<br />
mSvidobiani Sekrebebis ufleba<br />
muxli 22<br />
asociaciebis Tavisuflebis ufleba<br />
muxli 23<br />
qorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis ufleba<br />
muxli 24<br />
bavSvTa uflebebi (mcirewlovanTa mdgomareoba,<br />
moqalaqeoba, registracia da saxeli)<br />
muxli 25<br />
saxelmwifo saqmeTa gaZRolaSi monawileobis ufleba,<br />
arCevanis an xmis micemis ufleba da saxelmwifo<br />
samsaxurSi daSvebis ufleba.<br />
muxli 26<br />
kanonis winaSe Tanasworobisa da kanoniT Tanaswori<br />
dacvis ufleba.<br />
muxli 27<br />
eTnikur, religiur an enobriv umciresobaTa ufleba<br />
isargeblon sakuTari kulturiT, iqadagon sakuTari<br />
religia da Seasrulon RvTismsaxureba, ixmaron sakuTari<br />
ena.<br />
paqti warmoadgens uciloblad Sesasrulebel doguments monawile saxelmwifoebisaTvis; misi Sesrulebas Tvalyurs adevnebs<br />
adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, romelic Camoyalibda 28-e muxlis Sesabamisad.<br />
518 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da<br />
kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
(araoficialuri gadmocema)<br />
saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb (1966), adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaracia (1948) da saerTaSoriso paqti moqalaqeobrivi da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxe (1966) Seadgenen adamianis<br />
uflebaTa saerTaSoriso bils. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis Sesabamisad, orive paqti aRiarebs, rom<br />
“...Tavisufali, SiSisa da gaWirvebisagan Tavdaxsnili pirovnebis idealis miRweva SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvelas Tavisi ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis, iseve, rogorc samoqalaqo da<br />
politikuri uflebebis gamoyenebis pirobebi Seeqmneba”.<br />
muxli 1<br />
yvela xalxs aqvs TviTgamorkvevis ufleba. am uflebis<br />
safuZvelze isini Tavisuflad gansazRvraven TavianT<br />
politikur statuss da iswrafvian ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri da kulturuli ganviTarebisaken.<br />
muxli 2<br />
am paqtis monawile TiToeuli saxelmwifo kisrulobs<br />
valdebulebas, misTvis xelmisawvdomi resursebis<br />
maqsimaluri gamoyenebiT gadadgas nabijebi am paqtiT<br />
aRiarebuli uflebebis TandaTanobiTi, sruli<br />
realizaciisaTvis. am paqtiT gamocxadebuli uflebebis<br />
ganxorcieleba garantirebulia yovelgvari diskriminaciis<br />
gareSe.<br />
muxli 3<br />
am paqtiT monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas<br />
kisruloben, uzrunvelyon mamakacisa da qalisaTvis<br />
Tanaswori ufleba, isargeblon am paqtiT dadgenili yvela<br />
uflebiT.<br />
muxli 4<br />
uflebebis gamoyenebis dros, saxelmwifos SeuZlia am<br />
uflebebis SezRudva kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT, mxolod<br />
imdenad, ramdenadac es SeTavsebadia am uflebaTa<br />
bunebasTan, da mxolod demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saerTo<br />
keTildReobis xelSewyobis mizniT.<br />
muxli 5<br />
saxelmwifos, jgufs an pirs araa aqvs mufleba Caidinos<br />
raime moqmedeba am paqtiT aRiarebuli uflebebisa da<br />
Tavisuflebebis mospobis an ufro meti moculobiT<br />
SezRudvis mizniT, vidre es am konvenciiT aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
muxli 6<br />
yvela adamians aqvs Sromis ufleba, romelsac Tavisuflad<br />
airCevs an romlebzec daTanxmdeba.<br />
muxli 7<br />
TiTeul adamians aqvs Sromis samarTliani da xelsayreli<br />
pirobebis ufleba, rac, kerZod, gulisxmobs: anazRaurebas,<br />
romelic uzrunvelyofs mSromelsa da mis ojaxs, Tanabari<br />
SromisaTvis Tanabari anazRaurebis SesaZleblobas, usafrTxo<br />
da janmrTelobis dacvis moTxovnebis Sesabamis Sromis<br />
pirobebs, maRal samsaxurebriv safexurze dawinaurebis<br />
Tanabar SesaZleblobas, dasvenebasa da garTobas.<br />
muxli 8<br />
TiToeul adamians aqvs ufleba Seqmnas profesiuli<br />
kavSirebi da Sevides aseT kavSirebSi, agreTve, gaficvebis<br />
ufleba.<br />
muxli 9<br />
am paqtis monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben TiToeuli<br />
adamianis uflebas socialur uzrunvelyofaze, socialuri<br />
dazRvevis CaTvliT.<br />
muxli 10<br />
ojaxs unda gaewios SeZlebisdagvarad farTo dacva da<br />
daxmareba. qorwineba unda xdebodes dasaqorwinebel pirTa<br />
TanxmobiT. gansakuTrebul dacvas saWiroeben dedebi.<br />
dacvisa da daxmarebis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebani unda<br />
ganxorcieldes yvela bavSvisa da mozardis mimarT<br />
yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe. bavSvebi da mozardebi<br />
dacul unda iqnan ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
eqspluataciisagan. amasTanave, saxelmwifoebma unda<br />
daaweson asakobrivi zRvari, romlis qvemoTac bavSvTa<br />
anazRaurebadi Sromis gamoyeneba kanoniT akrZaluli da<br />
dasjadi iqneba.<br />
muxli 11<br />
TiToeuli adamianis ufleba aqvs, mas da mis ojaxs hqondes<br />
cxovrebis saTanado done, Sesaferisi kvebis, tanisamosisa<br />
da binis CaTvliT; TiToeul adamians aqvs ufleba ar<br />
ganicdides SimSils.<br />
muxli 12<br />
TiToeul adamians ufleba aqvs fizikuri da fsiqikuri<br />
janmrTelobis umaRles SesaZlo standartebze.<br />
muxli 13<br />
TiToeul adamians aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. dawyebiTi<br />
ganaTleba iyos yvelasaTvis savaldebulo da ufaso.<br />
muxli 14<br />
saxelmwifo, romelSic ar aris savaldebulo ufaso<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTleba, valdebulebas kisrulobs SeimuSavos<br />
RonisZiebaTa gegma, raTa TandaTan ganaxorcielos<br />
savaldebulo ufaso ganaTlebis principi.<br />
muxli 15<br />
TiToeuli adamians ufleba aqvs monawileobdes kulturul<br />
cxovrebaSi da sargeblobdes mecnieruli progresis<br />
SedegebiT.<br />
informaciis wyaro: minesotis Statis universitetis adamianis uflebaTa resurs centri, uflebaTa saerTaSoriso bili.
avSvis uflebaTa konvencia<br />
(Semoklebuli varianti)<br />
� bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciam adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebs Soris yvelaze farTo saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova: dokumenti<br />
ratificirebulia msoflios yvela saxelmwifos mier, ori qveynis garda. konvencia erT dokumentSi aerTianebs adamianis uflebebis<br />
srul speqtrs, romlebic bavSvebs exeba – moqalaqeobriv, politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebebs.<br />
� konvencia miiRo gaeros generalurma asambleam 1989 wlis 20 noembers, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 1990 wlis seqtemberSi.<br />
� konvenciis 41-e muxlSi Camoyalibebulia adamianis uflebebi, romelsac flobs TiToeuli bavSvi 18 wlis asakamde da, romelTa<br />
dacva da pativiscema savaldebuloa.<br />
muxli 1<br />
bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki<br />
romelime qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT bavSvi ufro adre<br />
ar aRwevs srulwlovanebas.<br />
muxli 2<br />
am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi uzrunvelyo-filia<br />
TiToeuli bavSvisaTvis, yovelgveri diskriminaciis gareSe.<br />
muxli 3<br />
bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebisas upirvelesi yuradReba<br />
eTmoba bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.<br />
muxli 5<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs miageben mSoblebisa da sxva<br />
pirebis pasuxismgeblobas, uflebebsa da movaleobebs.<br />
muxli 6<br />
yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis xelSeuvali ufleba.<br />
muxli 7<br />
bavSvs aqvs ufleba, hqondes saxeli da SeiZinos moqalaqeoba,<br />
agreTve, uflebamosilia icnobdes Tavis mSoblebs da<br />
garemosili iyos maTi mzrunvelobiT.<br />
muxli 8<br />
bavSvs aqvs Tavisi individualurobis SenarCunebis ufleba,<br />
moqalaqeobis uflebis CaTvliT.<br />
muxli 9<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs ar daSordes Tavis mSoblebs, im<br />
SemTxvevaTa gamoklebiT, roca kompetenturi organoebi,<br />
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, gansazRvraven, rom<br />
aseTi daSoreba aucilebelia da ukeT emsaxureba bavSvis<br />
interesebs.<br />
muxli 12<br />
bavSvis ufleba aqvs, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi<br />
Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba, amasTan,<br />
bavSvis Sexedulebebs eTmoba saTanado yuradReba.<br />
muxli 13<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi azri; es<br />
ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas, moiZios, miiRos an gadasces<br />
nebismieri saxis informacia an idea.<br />
muxli 14<br />
bavSvs aqvs azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebis<br />
ufleba.<br />
muxli 15<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs, sargeblobdes asociaciebisa da<br />
mSvidobiani Sekrebebis TavisuflebiT.<br />
muxli 16<br />
bavSvi ar SeiZleba iyos piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis,<br />
sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis an korespodenciis<br />
saidumloebis uflebaTa mis mier ganxorcielebaSi TviTneburi<br />
an ukanono Carevis, an misi Rirsebisa da reputaciis ukanono<br />
xelyofis obieqti.<br />
muxli 17<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen bavSvisaTvis<br />
erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebiT gavrcelebuli<br />
informaciisa da masalebis misawvdomobas.<br />
muxli 18<br />
mSoblebs ekisrebaT ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba bavSvis<br />
aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze.<br />
muxli 19<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel sakanonmdeblo,<br />
administraciul, socialur da saganmanaTleblo zomas<br />
Rebuloben im mizniT, raTa bavSvi daicvan yvelanairi<br />
formis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladobisagan,<br />
Seuracyofisa Tu borotad gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobis<br />
moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan, uxeSi moqcevisa<br />
Tu eqspluataciisagan.<br />
muxli 24<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs, isargeblos janmrTelobis dacvis<br />
sistemis yvelaze ufro srulyofili momsaxurebiT da<br />
daavadebaTa mkurnalobisa da janmrTelobis aRdgenis<br />
saSualebebiT. upiratesi yuradReba eTmoba pirveladi<br />
samedicino daxmarebis gawevas.<br />
muxli 26<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs, isargeblos socialuri<br />
uzrunvelyofis yvela sikeTiT.<br />
muxli 27<br />
yovel bavSvs ufleba aqvs, uzrunvelyofili iyos<br />
cxovrebis iseTi doniT, romelic aucilebelia misi<br />
fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivi da socialuri<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
muxli 28<br />
bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. am mizniT monawile<br />
aweseben ufaso da savaldebulo dawyebiT ganaTlebas,<br />
xels uwyoben, rogorc zogad, ise profesiuli ganaTlebis<br />
sxvadasxva formebis ganviTarebas da uzrunvelyofen yvela<br />
bavSvisaTvis maT xelmisawvdomobas. saskolo disciplinis<br />
dacva unda emyarebodes meTodebs, romlebic efuZneba<br />
bavSvis adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemas.<br />
muxli 29<br />
ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos bavSvis pirovnebis, niWis,<br />
gonebrivi da fizikuri unarebis ganviTarebisaken,<br />
bavSvisaTvis adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi<br />
Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis gaRvivebisaken, Tavisufal<br />
sazogadoebaSi bavSvis Segnebuli cxovrebisaTvis<br />
momzadebisaken urTierTgagebis, mSvidobis,<br />
Semwynareblobis, Tanasworobis suliskveTebiT, garemosadmi<br />
pativiscemis suliskveTebiT.<br />
520 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
muxli 30<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs isargeblos Tavisi kulturiT.<br />
muxli 31<br />
bavSvs gaaCnis dasvenebisa da tavisufali drois qonis<br />
ufleba. misi asakis Sesaferis TamaSobebsa da gasarTob<br />
RonisZiebebSi monawileobis ufleba. agreTve ufleba,<br />
Tavisufled monawileobde kulturul cxovrebaSi, eziaros<br />
xelovnebas.<br />
muxli 32<br />
bavSvs ufleba aqvs, daculi iyos ekonomikuri<br />
eqspluataciisa da nebismieri samuSaos Sesrulebisagan,<br />
romelic SeiZleba emuqrebodes mis janmrTelobas da xels<br />
uSlides ganaTlebis miRebaSi, an zians ayenebdes mis<br />
janmrTelobas da ganviTarebas.<br />
muxli 33<br />
bavSvebs ufleba aqvT daculni iyvnen narkotikuli<br />
nivTierebebis ukanono xmarebisagan.<br />
muxli 34<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas kisruloben, daicvan<br />
bavSvi seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri<br />
cdunebisagan, prostituciaSi an sxva ukanono seqsualur<br />
praqtikaSi, pornografiasa da pornografiul masalebSi<br />
gamoyenebisagan.<br />
muxli 38<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela SesaZlo zomas, raTa<br />
uzrunvelyon, SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi moxvedril<br />
bavSvTa dacva da movla-patronoba.<br />
muxli 40<br />
yoveli bavSvs, romelic eWvmitanilia kanonis darRvevaSi an<br />
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulSi, garantirebuli aqvs:<br />
udanaSaulobis prezumpcia, vidre misi danaSauli ar<br />
damtkicdeba, samarTlebrivi daxmarebis miReba dacvis an<br />
misi momzadebis ganxorcielebisas, Cvenebis micemis an<br />
danaSaulis aRiarebis mizniT masze Zaldatanebis<br />
moxdenisagan.<br />
komvenciis sruli teqsti da fakultaturi oqmi internetis mraval saitzea ganTavsebuli, maT Soris iunisefis (http://www.unicef.org/crc/<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
521
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia<br />
(Semoklebuli varianti)<br />
konvenciis Tanaxmad, romelic xelmoweril iqna romSi 1950w-is 4 noembers da ZalaSi Sevida 1953 w-s, monawile<br />
saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebis dacvas, rogorc TavianTi moqalaqeebisaTvis, aseve maTi iurisdiqciis qveS myofi nebismieri pirisaTvis.<br />
saxelmwifoebs da calkeul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon saCivriT konvenciis Tanaxmad daarsebul evrosabWos adamianis<br />
uflebebis sasamarTlos. amasTanave, ar aris aucilebeli, rom TviT konvencia erovnuli sakanonmdeblo sistemis<br />
organuli nawili iyos, rac amtkicebs saerTaSoriso samarTlis Teorias, rom adamianis uflebebs gaaCniaT<br />
fundamenturi xasiaTi, romelic maT suverenuli saxelmwifoebis sakanonmdeblo da samarTlebriv sistemaze maRla<br />
ayenebs.<br />
garantirebuli uflebebi<br />
sicocxlis ufleba (muxli 2)<br />
muxli 2 icavs adamians sicocxlis ukanono warTmevisagan<br />
saxelmwifos mxridan. Tumca es muxli ar gamoricxavs<br />
sikvdiliT dasjas, Tuki is kanonis Sesabamisad<br />
xorcieldeba. 1985 w-s miRebul iqna oqmi #6, romelic<br />
auqmebs sikvdiliT dasjas mSvidobian periodSi. axali<br />
oqmi, romelic auqmebs sikvdiliT dasjas momzadebis<br />
procesSia.<br />
Tavisuflebis da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba (muxli 5)<br />
muxli 5 uzrunvelyofs adamianis fizikur<br />
Tavisuflebas, ukanono dapatimrebisa da dakavebisagan<br />
dacvis da misi zogierTi fundamenturi procesualuri<br />
uflebebis aRiarebis saSualebiT. is gafarToebul iqna<br />
#4 oqmis 1 muxlis miRebis Sedegad, romelic krZlavs<br />
adamianis Tavisuflebis aRkveTas valis gamo.<br />
samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis ufleba (muxli 6)<br />
am uflebas avsebs muxli 13, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />
samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqturi saSualebebis<br />
gamoyenebis uflebas da erovnul sasamarTlo<br />
instanciaSi saqmis misaReb vadebSi ganxilvas. saCivarTa<br />
umetesoba gamowveulia sasamarTlo saqmeebis misaReb<br />
vadebSi ganxilvis uflebis darRvevis gamo.<br />
samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis cnebas avsebs<br />
principi `kanons ar gaaCnia ukuqmedebis Zala~(muxli<br />
7), sisxlis samarTlis saqmemebis gasaCivrebis<br />
ufleba, sasamarTlos Secdomis SemTxvevaSi<br />
kompensaciis ufleba da ufleba ar iyo ganmeorebiT<br />
gasamarTlebuli an dasjili erTidaimave<br />
danSaulisaTvis (#7 oqmis 2,3 da 4 muxli)<br />
piradi cxovrebis da ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis,<br />
sacxovreblis xelSeuxeblobis da korespondenciis<br />
konfidencialurobis ufleba (muxli 8)<br />
SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos qorwinebis da ojaxis<br />
Seqmnis uflebasTan (muxli 12)<br />
meuRleTa Tanaswori uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi<br />
qorwinebis manZilze (#7 oqmis muxli 5)<br />
sakuTari azris gamoxatvis ufleba (moicavs beWdviTi<br />
sityvis Tavisuflebas) (muxli 10 )<br />
es fundamenturi ufleba logikurad avsebs me-9<br />
muxliT garantirebul ulebebs (azris, sindisis da<br />
religiis Tavisufleba)<br />
Sekrebis da asociaciebis Seqmnis Tavisufleba (muxli 11)<br />
piradi sakuTrebis pativiscemis ufleba (#1 oqmis 1<br />
muxli)<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba (#1 oqmis 2 muxli)<br />
Tavisufali arCevnebis ufleba (#1 oqmis 3 muxli)<br />
evrosabWo da adamianis uflebaTa dacva<br />
gadaadgilebis da sacxovrebeli adgilis arCevis<br />
Tavisufleba (#4 oqmis muxli 2)<br />
konvenciiT akrZaluli qmedebebi<br />
wameba, fizikuri dasja da araadamianuri, an damacirebeli<br />
mopyroba, an dasja (muxli 3)<br />
monoba, iZulebiTi momsaxureba an iZulebiTi Sroma<br />
(muxli 4)<br />
konvenciiT garantirebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
diskriminacia (muxli 14)<br />
saxelwifos mier sakuTari moqalaqeebis gasaxleba, an am<br />
saxelmwifoSi Sesvlis akrZalva; aseve ucxo qveynis<br />
moqalaqeebis koleqtiuri gasaxleba (#4 oqmis 3 da 4<br />
muxli)<br />
proceduruli garantiebis SeTavazeba gasaxlebis<br />
safrTxis winaSe myofi ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebisaTvis<br />
(#7 oqmis muxli 1)<br />
konvenciis Tanaxmad evropis sasamarTlo ganixilavs fizikuri pirebis saCivrebs da saxlmwifoebs Soris sakamaTo<br />
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul saqmeebs. sasamarTlos wevrebi absoluturad damoukideblebi arian da arCeulni arian<br />
saparlamento asambleis mier.<br />
evrosabWos ministrTa komiteti axorcielebs kontrols sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebis Sesrulebaze. sasamarTlos<br />
mier gamovlenli darRvevis SemTxvevaSi Tvals adevnebs, rom mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad saxelmwifom miiRos<br />
Sesabamisi zomebi, mag: axali administraciuli procedurebis danergvis, an kanondeblobaSi Sesworebebis Setanis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
wyaro: evrosabWo, adamianis uflebebis generaluri direqtorati www.humanrights.coe.int
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis<br />
evropis konvencia, Secvlili da Sevsebuli # 11 oqmiT<br />
(romi, 1950 wlis 4 noemberi)<br />
konvenciis teqstSi Setanili iqna cvlilebebi im debulebebis Sesabamisad, romlebic gadmocemulia: oqmSi # 3 (# 45),<br />
ZalaSi Sevida 1970 wlis 21 seqtembridan, oqmSi # 5 (# 55), ZalaSi Sevida 1971 wlis 20 dekembridan da oqmSi # 8<br />
(# 118), ZalaSi Sevida 1990 wlis 1 ianvars. igi Seicavs, agreTve, oqmi # 2 (# 44) teqsts, romelic mexuTe muxlis<br />
mesame punqtis Sesabamisad konvenciis ganuyofel nawilad iTvleba 1970 wlis 21 seqtembridan, anu misi ZalaSi Sesvlis<br />
momentidan. yvela debuleba, romlebSic Setanili iqna cvlilebebi an damatebebi, zemoaRniSnuli oqmebis Tanaxmad,<br />
Seicvalnen oqmiT # 11 (# 155), romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1998 wlis 1 noembridan. oqmi # 9 (# 140), romelic ZalaSi<br />
Sevida 1994 wlis 1 oqtombridan, gauqmebulia, xolo oqmma # 10 (# 146) dakarga Tavisi mniSvneloba.<br />
� qvemore xelmomweri mTavrobebi, arian ra evropis<br />
sabWos wevrebi, iTvaliswineben ra 1948 wlis 10 dekembris<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri asambleis<br />
mier gamocxadebul adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao<br />
deklaracias;<br />
� iTvaliswineben ra imas, rom es deklaracia miznad<br />
isaxavs masSi deklarirebuli uflebebis sayovelTao da<br />
efeqturi aRiarebis uzrunvelyofasa da dacvas;<br />
� iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis sabWo miznad isaxavs<br />
mis wevrebs Soris ufro didi erTianobis miRwevas da<br />
imas, rom amis miRweevis erT-erT meTods warmoadgens<br />
adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa<br />
mxardaWera da maTi Semdgomi realizacia;<br />
adastureben ra TavianT Rrma rwmenas im fundamentur<br />
uflebebSi, romlebic warmoadgenen samarTlisa da<br />
msoflioSi mSvidobis safuZvels da romelTa dacvac xdeba<br />
erTis mxriv, efeqturi politikuri demokratiiTa da<br />
meores mxriv adamianis uflebaTa saerTo gagebiTa da maTi<br />
dacviT, razedac isini damokidebulni arian.<br />
adastureben ra TavianT Rrma rwmenas im fundamentur<br />
uflebebSi, romlebic warmoadgenen samarTlisa da<br />
msoflioSi mSvidobis safuZvels da romelTa dacvac xdeba<br />
erTis mxriv, efeqturi politikuri demokratiiTa da<br />
meores mxriv adamianis uflebaTa saerTo gagebiTa da maTi<br />
dacviT, razedac isini damokidebulni arian.<br />
SeTanxmdnen Semdegze:<br />
muxli I - adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemis valdebuleba<br />
maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi maTi iurisdiqciis<br />
farglebSi yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofen am konvenciis I<br />
nawilSi gansazRvrul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.<br />
nawili I – uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi<br />
muxli 2 - sicocxlis ufleba<br />
1. adamianis ufleba sicocxleze daculi iqneba<br />
kanonis mier. aravis sicocxle ar SeiZleba iyos<br />
ganzrax xelyofili, garda im SemTxvevebisa,<br />
rodesac sruldeba sasamarTlos ganaCeni pirovnebis<br />
damnaSaved aRiarebis Semdeg da roca aseT sasjels<br />
iTvaliswinebs kanoni.<br />
sicocxlis warTmeva ar CaiTvleba am muxlis sawinaaRmdego<br />
qmedebad, Tu igi warmoadgens Zalis gamoyenebis<br />
Sedegs, romelic ar scildeba aRiarebis farglebs:<br />
a) nebismieri pirovnebis ukanono xelyofisagan<br />
dasacavad;<br />
b) raTa moxdes kanonieri dapatimreba, an<br />
aRikveTos kanonierad<br />
dakavebuli piris gaqceva;<br />
g) amboxebisa da janyis CasaxSobad kanonierad<br />
miRebuli zomebis dros.<br />
muxli 3 - wamebis akrZalva<br />
aravin ar SeiZleba gaxdes wamebis, araadamianuri an<br />
damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis msxverpli.<br />
muxli 4 - monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva<br />
1. aravin ar SeiZleba iyos monobaSi an ymobaSi;<br />
2. aravis moeTxoveba ZaldatanebiTi an iZulebiTi<br />
samuSaos Sesruleba;<br />
3. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli termini<br />
`ZaldatanebiTi an iZulebiTi samuSao~ ar moicavs:<br />
a) nebismier samuSaos, romlis Sesrulebac<br />
moiTxoveba sasjelis moxdis Cveulebrivi wesis<br />
mixedviT, rac dawesebulia am konvenciis V<br />
muxlis debulebaTa Sesabamisad an amgvari<br />
patimrobidan pirobiT gamoSvebis ganmavlobaSi;<br />
b) nebismier samxedro xasiaTis samsaxurs, an<br />
samsaxurs, gansazRvruls savaldebulo samxedro<br />
samsaxuris nacvlad, im qveynebSi, sadac kanoniT<br />
aris aRiarebuli religiur-eTnikuri motivebiT<br />
samxedro samsaxurze uaris Tqma;<br />
g) nebismier samsaxurs, gansazRvruls sagangebo<br />
an ubeduri SemTxvevebis dros, romelic<br />
safrTxes uqmnis adamianTa sicocxlesa da<br />
keTildReobas;<br />
d) nebismier samuSaos an samsaxurs, romelic<br />
Cveulebriv samoqalaqo<br />
valdebulebaTa nawils Seadgens.<br />
muxli 5 - Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba<br />
1. yvelas aqvs pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis<br />
ufleba. aravis waerTmeva Tavisufleba<br />
qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebis garda da es moxdeba<br />
kanoniT gansazRvruli procedurebis Sesabamisad:<br />
a) pirovnebis kanonieri dakaveba, kompetenturi<br />
sasamarTlos mier misi msjavrdebulad aRiarebis<br />
Semdgom;<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
523
) pirovnebis kanonieri dapatimreba an dakaveba<br />
sasamarTlos kanonieri orderis<br />
daumorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi, an im mizniT,<br />
raTa Sesrulebul iqnes kanoniT gansazRvruli<br />
nebismieri valdebuleba;<br />
g) pirovnebis kanonieri dapatimreba an dakaveba,<br />
ganxorcielebuli im mizniT, raTa moxdes misi<br />
wardgena uflebamosili kanonieri<br />
xelisuflebis winaSe, mis mier danaSaulis<br />
Cadenis kanonzomieri eWvis arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi an rodesac dapatimreba an dakaveba<br />
kanonzomierad aucileblad ganixileba mis mier<br />
danaSaulis Cadenis an Semdgom misi gaqcevis<br />
Tavidan acilebisaTvis;<br />
d) arasrulwlovanis dakaveba kanonieri<br />
orderiT masze saganmanaTleblo<br />
zedamxedvelobis mizniT, an misi kanonieri<br />
dakaveba uflebamosili kanonieri xelisuflebis<br />
winaSe wardgenis mizniT;<br />
e) pirovnebaTa kanonieri dakaveba infeqciuri<br />
daavadebebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis<br />
mizniT; loTebis, narkomanebis, mawanwalebisa da<br />
fsiqikurad SeSlili pirebis dakaveba;<br />
v) pirovnebis kanonieri dapatimreba an dakaveba<br />
mis mier qveyanaSi ukanonod Sesvlis<br />
aRkveTisaTvis an im pirovnebis dapatimreba an<br />
dakaveba, romlis winaaRmdegac xorcieldeba<br />
RonisZiebebi misi deportaciisa an<br />
gadacemisaTvis.<br />
2. yvela dapatimrebuls misTvis gasageb enaze<br />
dauyovnebliv acnobeben misi dapatimrebis mizezebsa<br />
da mis winaaRmdeg aRZrul braldebebs.<br />
3. am muxlis 1.c. paragrafis debulebebis Sesabamisad<br />
dapatimrebuli an dakavebuli nebismieri piri<br />
dauyovnebliv waredgineba mosamarTles an sxva<br />
moxeles, uflebamosils gamoiyenos sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufleba da mas ufleba miecema Catardes<br />
sasamarTlo gonivrul vadebSi an ganTavisufldes<br />
sasamarTlomde. ganTavisufleba SeiZleba<br />
ganpirobebuli iyos sasamarTloSi mosvlis<br />
garantiebiT.<br />
4. dapatimrebiT an dakavebiT TavisuflebaaRkveTil<br />
yvela pirs, ufleba miecema ganaxorcielos<br />
qmedebani, romliTac misi dakavebis kanoniereba<br />
swrafad gadawydeba sasamarTlos mier da<br />
ganTavisufldeba, Tuki misi dakaveba ar aris<br />
kanonieri.<br />
5. yvela, vinc gaxda dapatimrebis an dakavebis<br />
msxverpli am muxlis debulebaTa sawinaaRmdegod,<br />
eqneba ufleba kompensaciaze.<br />
muxli 6 - samarTliani sasamarTloebis ufleba<br />
1. samoqalaqo uflebebisa da movaleobebis an<br />
nebismieri sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldebis<br />
gansazRvrisas yvelas aqvs ufleba misi saqmis<br />
samarTlian da Ria mosmenaze kanonis mier Seqmnili<br />
damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli tribunalis mier<br />
drois gansazRvrul vadaSi. ganaCeni gamocxaddeba<br />
sajarod, magram presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar<br />
eswrebodes mTel sasamarTlo process an mis<br />
nawils. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi moralis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare, an<br />
rodesac amas moiTxoven arasrulwlovanTa<br />
interesebi an mxareTa piradi cxovrebis. dacva, an<br />
maSin, rodesac, sasamarTlos azriT, gansakuTrebul<br />
garemoebebSi es ukiduresad aucilebelia, radgan<br />
sajaroobam SeiZleba ziani miayenos<br />
marTlmsajulebis interesebs.<br />
2. yvela braldebuli miiCneva udanaSaulod kanonis<br />
Sesabamisad damnaSaved cnobamde.<br />
3. yvela braldebuls aqvs uflebaTa Semdegi minimumi:<br />
a) misTvis gasageb enaze iyos saswrafod da<br />
detalurad informirebuli mis winaaRmdeg<br />
wayenebuli braldebebis xasiaTisa da mizezebis<br />
Sesaxeb;<br />
b) mieces adekvaturi dro da saSualebebi, raTa<br />
moemzados dacvisaTvis;<br />
g) daicvas Tavi piradad an Tavisi arCeuli<br />
iuridiuli daxmarebis meSveobiT, Tu mas ar<br />
gaaCnia sakmarisi saxsrebi samarTlebrivi<br />
daxmarebis asanazRaureblad, daxmareba gaeweva<br />
mas ufasod, Tu marTlmsajulebis interesebi<br />
amas moiTxoven;<br />
d) dakiTxos mis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis mimcemi<br />
mowmeebi an hqondes imis ufleba, rom es<br />
mowmeebi iqnen dakiTxulni da hqondes Tavis<br />
mowmeTa gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis ufleba imave<br />
pirobebiT, romlebic gamoiyeneba mis winaaRmdeg<br />
Cvenebis mimcemi pirebis mimarT;<br />
e) hqondes Tarjimnis ufaso daxmareba, Tu mas<br />
ar SeuZlia gaigos an ilaparakos sasamarTlos<br />
mier gamoyenebul enaze.<br />
muxli 7 - araviTari sasjeli kanonis gareSe<br />
1. aravin iqneba aRiarebuli damnaSaved raime qmedebis<br />
an daudevrobis gamo, romelic ar warmoadgenda<br />
sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls erovnuli an<br />
saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT im drosaTvis,<br />
roca is iqna Cadenili. aseve ar iqneba gamoyenebuli<br />
imaze ufro mZime sasjeli, vidre is sasjeli,<br />
romelic gamoiyeneboda im droisaTvis, roca<br />
sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli iqna Cadenili.<br />
2. es muxli xels ar SeuSlis nebismieri pirovnebis<br />
gasamarTlebas an dasjas raime qmedebis an<br />
daudevrobisaTvis, romelic im droisaTvis,<br />
rodesac is Cadenili iqna, iTvleboda sisxlis<br />
samarTlis danaSaulad civilizebuli erebis mier<br />
aRiarebuli samarTlis ZiriTadi principebis<br />
mixedviT.<br />
muxli 8 - piradi da saojaxo cxovrebis pativiscema<br />
1. yvelas aqvs ufleba moiTxovos Tavisi piradi da<br />
saojaxo cxovrebis, saxlisa da mimoweris<br />
pativiscema.<br />
524 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
2. sajaro xelisufleba ar Caereva am uflebis<br />
ganxorcielebaSi, im SemTxvevis garda, roca kanonis<br />
Sesabamisad es dasaSvebia da roca es aucilebelia<br />
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an qveynis<br />
ekonomikuri keTildReobis interesebidan<br />
gamomdinare, uwesrigobis an sisxlis samarTlis<br />
danaSaulis aRkveTisaTvis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
moralis, an sxvebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
dacvisaTvis.<br />
muxli 9 - azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba<br />
1. yvelas aqvs azris, sindisisa da religiis<br />
Tavisuflebis ufleba; es ufleba moicavs religiisa<br />
da rwmenis gacvlis Tavisuflebas marto Tu<br />
sxvebTan kavSirSi da sajarod Tu kerZod,<br />
Tavisuflebas gamoamJRavnos misi religia an rwmena<br />
aRmsareblobiT, swavlebiT, ritualebis SesrulebiTa<br />
da dacviT.<br />
2. adamianis rwmenisa da religiis gamomJRavnebis<br />
Tavisufleba eqvemdebareba mxolod iseT SezRudvebs,<br />
romlebic gansazRvrulni arian kanoniT da<br />
aucilebelni arian demokratiul sazogadoebaSi<br />
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebidan<br />
gamomdinare, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, janmrTelobis<br />
an moralis, an sxvaTa uflebebisa da<br />
Tavisuflebebis dacvisaTvis.<br />
muxli 10 - gamoxatvis Tavisufleba<br />
1. yvelas aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba. es<br />
ufleba moicavs adamianis Tavisuflebas hqondes<br />
mosazrebani; miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia da<br />
ideebi sajaro xelisuflebis Carevis gareSe da<br />
sazRvrebis miuxedavad. es muxli ar SeuSlis xels<br />
saxelmwifoebs moiTxovon radiomauwyeblobis,<br />
televiziis an kinowarmoebis licenzireba.<br />
2. am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi<br />
moicavs valdebulebebsa da pasuxismgeblobas,<br />
SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT formalobebs,<br />
pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sasjels, romlebic<br />
gaTvaliswinebulni arian kanoniT da aucilebelni<br />
arian demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an<br />
sazogadoebrivi wesrigis interesebidan gamomdinare,<br />
uwesrigobisa da danaSaulis aRkveTisaTvis,<br />
janmrTelobisa da moralis, sxvaTa reputaciis an<br />
uflebebis dacvisaTvis, konfidencialurad miRebuli<br />
informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan acilebisa an<br />
sasamarlos Tavisuflebisa da miukerZoeblobis<br />
SenarCunebisaTvis.<br />
muxli 11 - Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba<br />
1. yvelas aqvs ufleba mSvidobiani Sekrebisa da<br />
sxvebTan gaerTianebis Tavisuflebaze, rac moicavs<br />
adamianis uflebas Seqmnas da gaerTiandes<br />
profkavSirebSi Tavisi interesebis dasacavad.<br />
2. SezRudvebi ar dawesdeba am uflebaTa<br />
ganxorcielebaze imaT garda, romlebic<br />
gansazRvrulni arian kanoniT da aucileblobas<br />
warmoadgenen demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli<br />
usafrTxoebisa da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis<br />
interesebidan gamomdinare, danaSaulisa da<br />
uwesrigobis aRkveTisaTvis, janmrTelobisa an<br />
moralis, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
dacvisaTvis. es muxli ar SeuSlis xels<br />
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, policiisa da samxedro<br />
administraciis wevrebis mier am uflebebis<br />
ganxorcielebaze kanonieri SezRudvebis dawesebas.<br />
muxli 12 - qorwinebis ufleba<br />
qorwinebis asakis qalebsa da mamakacebs aqvT ufleba<br />
daqorwindnen da Seqmnan ojaxi erovnuli kanonebis<br />
mixedviT, romlebic awesrigeben am uflebis<br />
ganxorcielebas.<br />
muxli 13 - ufleba efeqtur zomebze<br />
yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, eqneba efeqturi zomebis<br />
miRebis ufleba erovnuli xelisuflebis winaSe, Tundac es<br />
darRveva Cadenili iqnes im pirebis mier, romlebic<br />
moqmedebdnen oficialuri uflebamosilebiT.<br />
muxli 14 - diskriminaciis akrZalva<br />
am konvenciaSi mocemuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofili iqneba yvelasaTvis nebismier<br />
safuZvelze diskriminaciis gareSe, iseTebze, rogorebicaa<br />
sqesi, rasa, kanis feri, ena, religia, politikuri an<br />
gansxvavebuli azri, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSoba,<br />
gaerTianeba erovnul umciresobasTan, qoneba, dabadeba an<br />
sxvagvari statusi.<br />
muxli 15 - gadaxveva sagangebo situaciis dros<br />
1. omis an sxva sazogadoebrivi sagangebo situaciis<br />
dros, romelic safrTxes uqmnian eris sicocxles,<br />
nebismier maRal xelSemkvrel mxares ufleba aqvs<br />
miiRos zomebi, romlebic uxveven am konvenciis<br />
xelmoweriT aRebul valdebulebebs, imdenad,<br />
ramdenadac es gamowveulia situaciis<br />
aucileblobiT; amasTan amgvari zomebi ar unda<br />
iyvnen Seusabamo saerTaSoriso samarTliT masze<br />
dakisrebul sxva valdebulebebTan.<br />
2. Ggadaxveva ar daiSveba II muxlidan, garda im<br />
SemTxvevebisa, rodesac gardacvaleba warmoadgens<br />
omis kanonzomier Sedegs, agreTve III, IV (pirveli<br />
paragrafi) da VII muxlebidan.<br />
3. nebismieri maRali xelSemkvreli mxare, romelic<br />
gamoiyenebs gadaxvevis am uflebas, srulad acnobebs<br />
evropis sabWos generalur mdivans miRebuli<br />
zomebisa da maTi mizezebis Taobaze. is agreTve<br />
Seatyobinebs evropis sabWos generalur mdivans am<br />
zomebis moqmedebis Sewyvetisa da konvenciis<br />
debulebaTa ZalaSi srulad Sesvlis Sesaxeb.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
525
muxli 16 - ucxoelTa politikuri saqmianobis SezRudva<br />
araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli X, XI da XIV muxlebiT<br />
SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, rogorc maRali xelSemkvrel<br />
mxaris ucxoelTa politikuri saqmianobis SezRudvaSi<br />
xelisSemSleli faqtori.<br />
muxli 17 - uflebaTa borotad gamoyenebis akrZalva<br />
am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli arc erTi sakiTxi ar<br />
SeiZleba iqnes ganmartebuli imgvarad, rom aniWebdes<br />
uflebas nebismier saxelmwifos, jgufs an pirovnebas raime<br />
saqmianobaSi gamoiyenos an Seasrulos raime qmedeba, mizanmimarTuli<br />
aq CamoTvlili nebismieri uflebisa da Tavisuflebis<br />
destruqciis an maT SezRudvaze ufro didi<br />
zomiT, vidre es gansazRvrulia konvenciiT.<br />
muxli 18 - uflebaTa SezRudvis gamoyenebis limitireba<br />
am konvenciiT daSvebuli SezRudvebi zemonaxseneb<br />
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebze ar gamoiyeneba sxva miznebiT,<br />
imaT garda, romlebisTvisac isini iqnen gaTvaliswinebulni.<br />
nawili II - adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />
sasamarTlo<br />
muxli 19 - sasamarTlos daarseba<br />
konvenciisa da misi oqmebis xelmomwer mxareTa mier aRiarebul<br />
valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis<br />
daarsebuli iqneba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo<br />
(SemdgomSi `sasamarTlo~). igi ifunqcionirebs<br />
permanentul safuZvelze.<br />
muxli 20 - mosamarTleTa raodenoba<br />
sasamarTlos mosamarTleTa raodenoba Tanabari iqneba<br />
maRal xelSemkvrel mxareTa raodenobisa.<br />
muxli 21 - mosamarTleTa arCevis kriteriumi<br />
1. mosamarTleebi unda xasiaTdebodnen maRali<br />
moraluri TvisebebiT da unda hqondeT maRali<br />
Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
kvalifikacia an unda iyvnen aRiarebuli<br />
kompetenciis iuriskonsulebi.<br />
2. mosamarTleebi imsaxureben sasamarTloSi TavianTi<br />
piradi uflebaunarianobiT.<br />
3. maTi uflebamosilebis vadis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTleebi<br />
ar unda dakavdnen iseTi saqmianobiT, rac<br />
SeuTavsebeli iqneba maT damoukideblobasTan da<br />
miukerZoeblobasTan, an srulganakveTiani samsaxuris<br />
moTxovnebTan; yvela sakiTxi, romelic warmoiSoba<br />
am paragrfis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, gadawydeba<br />
sasamarTlos mier.<br />
muxli 22 - mosamarTleTa arCeva<br />
1. mosamarTleebi airCevian saparlamento asambleis<br />
xmebis umravlesobiT TiToeuli maRali xelSemkvreli<br />
mxaris survilis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT mier<br />
warmodgenili sami kandidatisagan Semdgari siidan.<br />
2. igive procedura iqneba iqneba gamoyenebuli sasamarTlos<br />
Sesavsebad axali maRali xelSemkvreli<br />
mxaris miRebisa da saTanado vakansiebis arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi.<br />
muxli 23 - uflebamosilebis vadebi<br />
1. mosamarTleebi airCevian eqvsi wlis vadiT.<br />
SesaZlebelia maTi xelaxali arCeva. amasTan, pirvel<br />
arCevnebze arCeuli mosamarTleebis erTi naxevris<br />
uflebamosilebis vada amoiwureba pirveli sami<br />
wlis bolos.<br />
2. mosamarTleebi, romelTa uflebamosilebis vada<br />
unda amowuruliyo pirveli sami wlis bolos,<br />
airCevian evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis mier<br />
Catarebuli kenWisyriT dauyovnebliv maTi arCevis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
3. imisaTvis, rom mosamarTleTa naxevris ganaxleba<br />
yovel sam weliwadSi erTxel maqsimalurad iyos<br />
uzrunvelyofili, saparlamento asambleam Semdgomi<br />
arCevnebis Catarebamde SeiZleba miiRos<br />
gadawyvetileba, rom erTi an meti asarCevi<br />
mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis vada an vadebi ar<br />
ganisazRvros eqvsi wliT da ganisazRvros ara<br />
umetes cxra da aranakleb sami wlisa.<br />
4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxezea uflebamosilebis<br />
erTze meti vada da saparlamento asamblea<br />
gamoiyenebs wina paragrafs, ulebamosilebis vadis<br />
gansazRvra moxdeba generaluri mdivnis an evropis<br />
sabWos mier arCevnebis Semdeg kenWisyris<br />
dauyovnebliv CatarebiT.<br />
5. mosamarTle, romelic airCeva im mosamarTlis<br />
Sesacvlelad, romlis uflebamosilebis vadac ar<br />
aris amowuruli, imsaxurebs misi misi winamorbedis<br />
uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvamde.<br />
6. mosamarTleTa uflebamosileba iwureba, rodesac<br />
isini aRweven 70 wlis asaks.<br />
7. mosamarTleebi msaxuroben maT Secvlamde. AamsTan,<br />
isini gaagrZeleben muSaobas im saqmeebze, romlebic<br />
aris maTi ganxilvis qveS.<br />
muxli 24 - samsaxuridan daTxovna<br />
dauSvebelia mosamarTlis daTxovna samsaxuridan, im<br />
SemTxvevis garda, rodesac sxva mosamarTleebi xmebis ori<br />
mesamediT gadawyveten, rom igi veRar akmayofilebs mis<br />
mimarT wayenebul pirobebs.<br />
muxli 25 - registracia da iuridiuli samdivnoebi<br />
sasamarTlos eqneba registratura, romlis funqciebi da<br />
organizacia ganisazRvreba sasamarTlos reglamentiT,<br />
sasamarTlos daexmarebian iuridiuli samdivnoebi.<br />
muxli 26 - sasamarTlos plenumi<br />
sasamarTlos plenumi<br />
a) airCevs sasamarTlos prezidentsa da erT an<br />
or vice-prezidents sami wlis vadiT; SesaZlebeli<br />
iqneba maTi xelaxali arCeva;<br />
b) Seqmnis paltebs drois gansazRvruli<br />
periodiT;<br />
g) airCevs sasamarTlos palatebis prezidentebs;<br />
SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi xelaxali arCeva;<br />
d) miiRebs sasamarTlos reglaments;<br />
e) airCevs registratorsa da registratoris<br />
erT an or moadgiles.<br />
526 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
muxli 27 - komitetebi, palatebi da didi palatebi<br />
1. Semosul saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs sami<br />
mosamarTlisagan Semdgar komitetebSi, Svidi<br />
mosamarTlisagan Semdgar palatebsa da Cvidmeti<br />
mosamarTlisagan Semdgar did palataSi.<br />
sasamarTlos palatebi Seqmnian komitetebs<br />
gansazRvruli vadiT.<br />
2. sasamarTloSi iqneba didi palatisa da palatebis<br />
ex officio wevri, romelic airCeva saqmeSi<br />
CarTuli mxaris principis gaTvaliswnebiT; Tuki<br />
aseTi wevri ar iqneba, an mas ar SeuZlia<br />
movaleobis Sesruleba, sasamarTlo airCevs<br />
pirovnebas, romelsac eqneba mosamarTlis<br />
uflebamosileba.<br />
3. didi palata agreTve Sedgeba sasamarTlos<br />
prezidentisagan, vice-prezidentebisagan, palatis<br />
prezidentebisa da sxva mosamarTleebisagan,<br />
romelTa arCeva moxdeba sasamarTlos reglamentis<br />
Sesabamisad. rodesac saqme gadaecema did palatas,<br />
43-e muxlis Sesabamisad, arc erTi mosamarTle im<br />
palatidan, romelmac gadasca saqme did palatas ar<br />
Seva misi palatis SemadgenlobaSi sasamarTlos<br />
prezidentsa da im mosamarTlis garda, romelic<br />
ganixilavda saqmes saqmeSi CarTuli saxelmwifo<br />
mxaris wesis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
muxli 28 - komitetis mier saqmis miuReblobis<br />
gamocxadeba<br />
komitets xmebis erTsulovnebiT ufleba aqvs miuReblad<br />
gamoacxados an misi saqmeebis siidan amoiRos<br />
individualuri ganacxadi, Semosuli 34-e muxlis mixedviT,<br />
rodesac aseTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes<br />
Semdgomi ganxilvis gareSe. gadawyvetileba saboloo iqneba.<br />
muxli 29 - palatebis gadawyvetileba saqmis miRebis da<br />
saTanado zomebis Sesaxeb<br />
1. Tuki gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli 28-e muxlis<br />
Sesabamisad, palata miiRebs gadawyvetilebas 34-e<br />
muxlis mixedviT Semosuli individualuri<br />
ganacxadis Taobaze da saTanado zomebze.<br />
2. palata miiRebs gadawyvetilebas 33-e muxlis<br />
Tanaxmad Semosuli saxelmwifoTaSorisi mimarTvebis<br />
gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saTanado zomebis<br />
Taobaze.<br />
3. gadawyvetileba saqmis gansaxilvelad miRebis<br />
Taobaze miRebuli iqneba gancalkevebiT, im<br />
SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac sasamarTlo gamonaklis<br />
SemTxvevebSi sxvagvarad gadawyvets.<br />
muxli 30 - didi palatisaTvis iurisdiqciis gadacema<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu palatis ganxilvis qveS myofi saqme<br />
wamoWris seriozul sakiTxebs, romlebic exeba konvenciisa<br />
da misi oqmebis ganmartebas, an rodesac palatis mier<br />
sakiTxis gadawyvetas SeiZleba mohyves sasamarTlos mier<br />
manamde miRebul gadawyvetilebasTan SeuTavsebeli Sedegi,<br />
palatas ufleba aqvs nebismier dros gadawyvetilebis<br />
gamotanamde gadasces iurisdiqcia did palatas, Tuki<br />
saqmis arc erTi mxare ar iqneba amis winaaRmdegi.<br />
muxli 31 - didi palatis uflebamosilebani<br />
didi palata:<br />
a) gadawyvets 33-e an 34-e muxlebis mixedviT<br />
Semosul saqmeebs, rodesac romelime palata<br />
gadascems mas iurisdiqcias 30-e muxlis<br />
Sesabamisad, an rodesac mas saqme gadaecema 43-e<br />
muxlis mixedviT.<br />
b) ganixilavs 47-e muxlis mixedviT Semosul<br />
Txovnebs konsultatiuri mosazrebebis Taobaze.<br />
muxli 32 - sasamarTlos iurisdiqcia<br />
1. sasamarTlos iurisdiqcia vrceldeba yvela<br />
sakiTxze, romelic exeba konvenciisa da misi<br />
oqmebis axsna-ganmartebasa da gamoyenebas, rogorc<br />
es gansazRvrulia 33-e, 34-e da 47-e muxlebiT.<br />
2. sasamarTlo Tavad gadawyvets davas imis Taobaze,<br />
aqvs Tu ara mas iurisdiqcia konkretul saqmeze<br />
muxli 33 - saxelmwifoTaSorisi saqme<br />
nebismier maRal xelSemkvrel mxares SeuZlia mimarTos<br />
sasamarTlos sxva maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris mier<br />
konvenciisa da misi debulebebis nebismieri darRvevis<br />
Taobaze.<br />
muxli 34 - individualuri ganacxadebi<br />
sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganacxadebi nebismieri<br />
pirisagan, arasamTavrobo organizaciisa da fizikur pirTa<br />
jgufisagan, romlebic amtkiceben, rom isini arian erTerTi<br />
maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris mier konvenciiTa da<br />
misi oqmebiT aRiarebuli uflebebis darRvevis msxverplni.<br />
maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi movaleni arian ar<br />
SeuSalon xeli am uflebis maqsimalur gamoyenebas.<br />
muxli 35 - saqmeebis miRebis kriteriumi<br />
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos saqme mxolod mas<br />
Semdeg, rac saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod<br />
aRiarebuli wesebis Tanaxmad, yvela<br />
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualeba amoiwureba da<br />
amasTan eqvsi Tvis vadaSi im TariRidan, rodesac<br />
saqmeze saboloo gadawyvetileba iqneba miRebuli.<br />
2. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs 34-e muxlis mixedviT<br />
Semosul individualur saqmeebs, Tuki:<br />
a) is anonimuria, an<br />
b) arsebiTad warmoadgens igive sakiTxs,<br />
romelic ukve ganxilul iqna sasamarTlos mier,<br />
an gadaeca saerTaSoriso gamoZiebis an<br />
mogvarebis sxva proceduras da ar Seicavs raime<br />
axal informacias.<br />
3. sasamarTlo gamoacxadebs miuReblad individualur<br />
ganacxads, Semosuls 34-e muxlis mixedviT, Tuki<br />
miiCnevs, rom ganacxadi SeuTavsebelia konvenciisa<br />
da misi oqmebis debulebebTan, aSkarad usafuZvloa<br />
an boratad iyenebs sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis<br />
ufleba.<br />
4. sasamarTlo uaryofs ganacxads, romelsac igi<br />
miiCnevs miuReblad am muxlis mixedviT.<br />
sasamarTlos SeuZlia amis gakeTeba<br />
samarTalwarmoebis nebismier etapze.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
527
muxli 36 - mesame mxaris monawileoba<br />
1. palatis an didi palatis mier gansaxilvel yvela<br />
saqmeSi, maRal xelSemkvrel mxares, romlis erTerTi<br />
moqalaqec aris ganmcxadebeli, ufleba eqneba<br />
warmoadginos werilobiTi komentarebi da<br />
monawileoba miiRos saqmis mosmenaSi.<br />
2. sasamarTlos prezidents SeuZlia marTlmsajulebis<br />
saTanadod ganxorcielebis interesebidan<br />
gamomdinare, moiwvios nebismieri maRali<br />
xelSemkvreli mxare da/an nebismieri pirovneba,<br />
romelic ar aris ganmcxadebeli, raTa maT<br />
warmoadginon werilobiTi komentarebi an<br />
monawileoba miiRon saqmis mosmenaSi.<br />
muxli 37 - ganacxadis amoReba sasamarTlos saqmeTa<br />
siidan<br />
1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia samarTalwarmoebis nebismier<br />
etapze amoiRos ganacxadi mis saqmeTa siidan,<br />
rodesac saqmis garemoebebs igi mihyavs im<br />
daskvnamde, rom:<br />
a) ganmcxadebeli ar apirebs bolomde mihyves<br />
mis ganacxads; an<br />
b) sakiTxi gadawyda; an<br />
g) sasamarTlos mier dadgenili nebismieri sxva<br />
mizeziT aRar aris gamarTlebuli ganacxadis<br />
ganxilvis gagrZeleba. amasTan, sasamarTlo<br />
ganagrZobs ganacxadis ganxilvas im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
Tuki konvenciiTa da misi oqmebiT gansazRvruli<br />
adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema amas moiTxovs.<br />
2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetilebha<br />
ganacxadis mis saqmeTa siaSi aRdgenis Sesaxeb, Tuki<br />
miiCnevs, rom saqmis garemoebani amarTleben amgvar<br />
qmedebas.<br />
muxli 38 - saqmis ganxilva da megobruli mogvarebis<br />
procedurebi<br />
1. Tuki sasamarTlo gamoacxadebs, rom ganacxadi<br />
miRebulia, igi:<br />
a)Seudgeba saqmis ganxilvas mxareTa<br />
warmomadgenlebTan erTad, da Tu saWiro iqneba,<br />
Caatarebs gamoZiebas, romlis efeqturi<br />
ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi saxelmwifoebi<br />
uzrunvelyofen yvela aucilebel saSualebas;<br />
b) SesTavazebs Sesabamis mxareebs mis<br />
momsaxureobas saqmis megobruli mogvarebis<br />
miRwevis mizniT; konvenciiTa da misi oqmebiT<br />
gansazRvruli adamianis uflebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
2. „b“ paragrafiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebi<br />
konfedencialuri unda iyos.<br />
muxli 39 - megobruli mogvarebis saSualebebis gamonaxva<br />
Tuki miRweulia megobruli mogvareba, sasamarTlo<br />
amoiRebs saqmes Tavisi siidan saTanado gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis gziT, romelic Semoifargleba faqtisa da<br />
miRweuli gadawyvetilebis mokle gancxadebiT.<br />
muxli 40 - sajaro mosmenebi da dokumentebis<br />
misawvdomoba<br />
1. sasamarTlo mosmenebi iqneba Ria im gamonaklisi<br />
SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac sasamarTlo sxvagvarad<br />
gadawyvets.<br />
2. registratorTan Senaxuli dokumentebi<br />
xelmisawvdomi iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis, Tuki<br />
sasamarTlos prezidenti sxvagvarad ar gadawyvets.<br />
muxli 41 - samarTliani dakmayofileba<br />
Tuki sasamarTlo daadgens, rom moxda konvenciisa da misi<br />
oqmebis darRveva da Tu maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris<br />
Sadasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali mxolod nawilobrivi<br />
dakmayofilebis saSualebas iZleva, sasamarTlo<br />
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs dazaralebuli<br />
mxaris samarTlian dakmayofilebas.<br />
muxli 42 - palatebis gadawyvetilebebi<br />
palatebis gadawyvetilebebi sabolooa 44-e muxlis II<br />
paragrafis debulebebis Sesabamisad.<br />
muxli 43 - didi palatisadmi mimarTva<br />
1. palatis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRidan<br />
sami Tvis vadaSi, saqmis nebismier mxares gamonaklis<br />
SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis didi<br />
palatisaTvis gadacema.<br />
2. didi palatis xuTi mosamarTlisagan Semdgari<br />
kolegia miiRebs Txovnas im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saqme<br />
exeba konvenciisa da misi oqmebis gamoyenebasa da<br />
axsna-ganmartebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, an<br />
sxva zogadi mniSvnelobis sakiTxs.<br />
3. Tuki kolegia miiRebs Txovnas, didi palata<br />
gadawyvets saqmes sasamarTlo aqtis miRebis gziT.<br />
muxli 44 - saboloo sasamarTlo aqtebi<br />
1. didi palatis aqtebi sabolooa.<br />
2. palatis ganCineba saboloo gaxdeba,<br />
a) rodesac mxareebi ganacxadeben, rom isini ar<br />
moiTxoven saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadacemas;<br />
b) Tuki aqtis miRebis TariRidan sami Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi ar yofila saqmis didi<br />
palatisaTvis gadacemis moTxovna;<br />
g) rodesac didi palatis kolegia uars etyvis<br />
43-e muxlis Sesabamisad Semosul moTxovnas.<br />
3. saboloo aqti gamoqveyndeba.<br />
muxli 45 - sasamarTlo aqtebisa da gadawyvetilebebis<br />
dasabuTeba<br />
1. gancxadebis misaRebad an miuReblad gamomcxadebeli<br />
aqtisa da gadawyvetilebebis dasabuTebani<br />
warmodgenil unda iqnen.<br />
2. Tuki aqti mTlianad an misi romelime nawili ar<br />
warmoadgens mosamarTleTa erTsulovan azrs,<br />
nebismier mosamarTles ufleba aqvs warmoadgnos<br />
gansxvavebuli mosazreba.<br />
528 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
muxli 46 - sasamarTlo aqtebisa savaldebulo Zala da<br />
maTi aRsruleba<br />
1. maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi valdebulebas<br />
kisruloben Seasrulon sasamarTlos saboloo aqti<br />
nebismier saqmeze, romelSic isini mxarebi arian.<br />
2. sasamarTlos saboloo aqti gadaecema ministrTa<br />
komitets, romelic zedamxedvelobas uwevs mis<br />
aRsrulebas.<br />
muxli 47 -–konsultatiuri mosazrebebi<br />
1. sasamarTlos, ministrTa komitetis TxovniT,<br />
SeuZlia warmoadginos konsultatiuri mosazrebebi<br />
samarTlebriv sakiTxebze, romlebic exeba<br />
konvenciisa da misi oqmebis axsna-ganmartebas.<br />
2. amgvari daskvnebi ar unda exebodes konvenciis<br />
pirvel nawilSi da mis oqmebSi gansazRvrul<br />
uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa SinaarsTan an mizanTan<br />
dakavSirebul arcerT sakiTxs, romelsac<br />
sasamarTlo an ministrTa komiteti ganixilavs<br />
samarTalwarmoebis saTanado wesiT, rogorc es<br />
SeiZleba gansazRvrul iqnes konvenciis mixedviT.<br />
3. ministrTa komitetis gadawyvetileba<br />
sasamarTlosaTvis konsultatiuri mosazrebebis<br />
mowodebis moTxovnaze saWiroebs komitetSi<br />
sxdomis uflebis mqone warmomadgenelTa xmebis<br />
umravlesobas.<br />
muxli 48 -– sasamarTlos–konsultatiuri iurisdiqcia<br />
sasamarTlo wyvets Sedis Tu ara mis kompetenciaSi<br />
ministrTa komitetis mier wardgenili Txovna<br />
konsultatiuri mosazrebis Sesaxeb imgvarad, rogorc es<br />
dadgenilia 47-e muxliT.<br />
muxli 49 -–konsultatiuri mosazrebebis dasabuTeba<br />
1. sasamarTlos konsultatiuri mosazrebebis<br />
dasabuTebani warmodgenilni unda iqnen.<br />
2. Tuki konsultaciuri mosazreba mTlianad an misi<br />
romelime nawili ar warmoadgens mosamarTleTa<br />
erTsulovan azrs, nebismier mosamarTles ufleba<br />
aqvs warmoadginos gansxvavebuli mosazreba.<br />
3. sasamarTlos konsultaciuri mosazrebebi gadecema<br />
ministrTa komitets.<br />
muxli 50 - sasamarTlos xarjebi<br />
sasamarTlos xarjebs dafaravs evropis sabWo.<br />
muxli 51 - mosamarTleTa privilegiebi da imunitetebi<br />
TavianTi uflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebis periodSi<br />
mosamarTleebs eniWebaT evropis sabWos wesdebis me-40-e<br />
muxliT da Sesabamisi SeTanxmebebiT uzrunvelyofili<br />
privilegiebi da imunitetebi.<br />
nawili III - sxvadasxva debulebebi<br />
muxli 52 - generaluri mdivnis moTxovnebi<br />
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisagan moTxovnis<br />
miRebisTanave, nebismieri maRali xelSemkvreli mxare<br />
miawvdis mas axsna-ganmartebas imis Taobaze, Tu ra gzebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofs misi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdebloba<br />
konvenciis nebismieri debulebis efeqtur ganxorcielebas.<br />
muxli 53 - adamianis arsebuli uflebebis dacva<br />
am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli arcerTi sakiTxi ar<br />
SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnas, rogorc adamianis raime<br />
uflebis an fundamenuri Tavisuflebis darRveva an<br />
gadaxveva, romelic SeiZleba uzrunvelyofili iyos<br />
romelime maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris samarTliT an misi<br />
monawileobiT miRebuli sxva SeTanxmebiT.<br />
muxli 54 - ministrTa komitetis uflebamosileba<br />
am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli arc erTi sakiTxi ar<br />
zRudavs evropis sabWos wesdebiT ministrTa<br />
komitetisaTvis miniWebul uflebamosilebas.<br />
muxli 55 - davebis mogvarebis sxva saSualebebis<br />
gamoricxva<br />
maRali xelSemkvreli mxareebi Tanxmdebian, rom<br />
specialuri SeTanxmebis garda isini ar gamoiyeneben maT<br />
Soris moqmed SeTanxmebebs, konvenciebsa da deklaraciebs,<br />
im mizniT, rom peticiis gziT dauqvemdebaron am konvenciis<br />
axsna-ganmartebasa da gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli dava<br />
mogvarebis sxva saSualebebs, romlebic ar arian<br />
gaTvaliswinebulni am konvenciiT.<br />
muxli 56 - konvenciis moqmedeba teritoriebis mimarT<br />
1. nebismier saxelmwifos ratifikaciis dros an mis<br />
Semdeg SeuZlia gaakeTos deklaracia evropis<br />
sabWos generaluri mdivnis mimarT imis Taobaze,<br />
rom winamdebare konvencia, am muxlis IV paragrafis<br />
Sesabamisad, gavrceldeba mis yvela an romelime<br />
teritoriebze, romelTa saerTaSoriso<br />
urTierTobebzec igi pasuxismgebelia.<br />
2. konvenciis moqmedeba gavrceldeba SetyobinebaSi<br />
dasaxelebul teritoriaze an teritoriebze,<br />
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis mier am<br />
Setyobinebis miRebidan ocdameaTe dRes.<br />
3. am konvenciis debulabani gamoiyeneba am<br />
teritoriebze adgilobrivi pirobebis saTanadod<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
4. nebismier saxelmwifos, romelmac gaakeTa<br />
deklaracia am muxlis pirveli paragrafis<br />
mixedviT, SemdgomSi nebismier dros SeuZlia<br />
ganacxados Tavisi erTi an meti teritoriis<br />
saxeliT, romelTac deklaracia exebaT, rom igi<br />
aRiarebs sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas miiRos<br />
ganacxadebi fizikuri pirebisagan, arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebisa da fizikur pirTa jgufisagan ise,<br />
rogorc es gansazRvrulia konvenciis 34-e muxliT.<br />
muxli 57 – daTqmebi<br />
1. nebismier saxelmwifos, konvenciaze xelis<br />
mowerisas an saratifikacio sigelis Sesanaxavad<br />
Cabarebis dros SeuZlia gaakeTos daTqma<br />
konvenciis romelime gansazRvruli debulebis<br />
mimarT, Tu mis teritoriaze ZalaSi myofi<br />
romelime kanoni ar Seesabameba konvenciis<br />
Sesabamis debulebas. DdauSvebelia saerTo<br />
xasiaTis daTqmebis gakeTeba am muxlis mixedviT.<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
529
2. am muxlis mixedviT gakeTebuli nebismieri daTqma<br />
unda Seicavdes mokle gancxadebas saTanado kanonis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
muxli 58 - denonsacia<br />
1. maRal xelSemkvrel mxares SeuZlia moaxdinos<br />
winamdebare konvenciis denonsacia mxolod xuTi<br />
wlis vadis amowurvis Semdeg im TariRidan,<br />
rodesac igi gaxda misi mxare da evropis sabWos<br />
generaluri mdivnisaTvis Setyobinebis gagzavnidan<br />
eqvsi Tvis Semdeg; generaluli mdivani Seatyobinebs<br />
amis Sesaxeb sxva maRal xelSemkvrel mxareebs.<br />
2. aseTi denonsacia ver gaaTavisuflebs Sesabamis<br />
maRal xelSemkvrel mxares am konvenciiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli misi valdebulebisagan raime<br />
moqmedebis mimarT, romelic SeiZleba warmoadgendes<br />
am valdebulebaTa darRvevas da SeiZleba mas<br />
Cadenili hqondes denonsaciis ZalaSi Sesvlamde.<br />
3. maRali xelSemkvreli mxare, romelic Sewyvets<br />
evropis sabWos wevrobas, aseTive pirobebiT wyvets<br />
am konvenciis wevrobas.<br />
4. konvenciis denonsacia SeiZleba moxdes wina<br />
paragrafebis debulebaTa Sesabamisad, nebismier<br />
teritoriebTan mimarTebiT, romelTa mimarTac<br />
moxda misi deklireba 56-e muxlis mixedviT.<br />
muxli 59 - xelmowera da ratifikacia<br />
1. es konvencia Riaa xelmosawerad evropis sabWos<br />
wevrebisaTvis. igi iqneba ratificirebuli.<br />
saratifikacio sigeli gadaecema evropis sabWos<br />
generalur mdivans.<br />
2. winamdebare konvencia Seva ZalaSi aTi<br />
saratifikacio sigelis Sesanaxad Cabarebis Semdeg.<br />
3. im saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic mogvianebiT<br />
moaxdens konvenciis ratificirebas, konvencia<br />
ZalaSi Seva saratifikacio sigelis Cabarebis<br />
TariRisaTvis.<br />
4. Evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani Seatyobinebs<br />
evropis sabWos yvela wevrs konvenciis ZalaSi<br />
Sesvlis Taobaze, maRal xelSemkvrel mxareTa<br />
saxelebs, romelTac moaxdines ratifikacia da<br />
saratifikacio sigelebis Sesanaxad Cabarebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romliTac konvencia ZalaSi unda Sevides.<br />
Sesrulebulia romSi 1950 wlis noembris meoTxe dRes<br />
inglisur da frangul enebze; erT egzemplarad, romelic<br />
inaxeba evropis sabWos arqivSi; amasTan orive teqsts aqvs<br />
Tanabari Zala. Ggeneraluri mdivani dagascems<br />
sertificirebul aslebs TiTeul xelmomwers.<br />
530 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
evropis socialuri qartia<br />
(Semoklebuli varianti)<br />
evropis sabWos xelSekruleba, romliTac garantirebulia adamianis uflebebi<br />
evropis socialuri qartia (SemdgomSi qartia) acxadebs<br />
uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs da awesebs kontrolis meqanizms,<br />
romelic mowodebulia uzrunvelyos monawile saxelmwifoebis<br />
mier aRniSnuli uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis<br />
dacva. qartia, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wels,<br />
TandaTanobiT cvlis Tavdapirvel, 1961 wlis qartias.<br />
qvemoT moyvanili cxrili gviCvenebs qartiis<br />
ratifikaciisa da xelmoweris amJamindel mdgomareobas.<br />
qartiiT garantirebuli uflebebi<br />
qartiiT qarantirebuli uflebebi Seexeba TiToeuli<br />
adamianis yoveldRiur cxovrebas:<br />
sabinao sakiTxebi:<br />
� sacxovrebeli binis mSenebloba ojaxis<br />
moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad;<br />
� ubinaoTa ricxvis Semcireba;<br />
� TiToeuli sacxovrebeli binisaTvis sanitarul<br />
normebis dacvis xelmisawvdomoba;<br />
� ucxoelTa socialuri sacxovreblis mimarT<br />
samarTliani daSvebis principi.<br />
jandacvis sakiTxebi:<br />
� TiToeuli adamianisaTvis xelmisawvdomi da<br />
efeqturi samedicino momsaxureba;<br />
� janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebis gamomwvevi<br />
mizezebis aRmofxvra, upirveles yovlisa ekologiis<br />
dacvis gziT;<br />
� profesiul daavadebaTa riskis aRmofxvra, raTa<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi da praqtikaSi garantirebuli iyos<br />
Sromis usafrTxo pirobebi.<br />
ganaTlebis sakiTxebi:<br />
� 15 wlamde asakis pirTa muSaobis akrZalva;<br />
� ufaso dawyebiTi da saSuali ganaTleba;<br />
� profesionaluri orientaciis ufaso samsaxurebi;<br />
� profesiuli momzadeba da gadamzadeba;<br />
� umaRlesi da sauniversiteto ganaTlebis<br />
xelmisawvdomoba piradi niWierebis safuZvelze.<br />
dasaqmebis sakiTxebi<br />
� socialuri da ekonomikuri politika, romelic<br />
mowodebulia uzrunvelyos sruli dasaqmebis<br />
garantia;<br />
� saarsebo saxsrebis gamomuSavebis ufleba<br />
Tavisuflad arCeuli SromiTi saqmianobis meSveobiT;<br />
� Sromis samarTliani pirobebis daweseba samuSao<br />
dRis xangrZlivobisa da anazRaurebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT;<br />
� seqsualuri Zaladobisa da moraluri damcirebis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZola;<br />
� iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva;<br />
� profesiuli kavSirebisa da mSromelTa sxva<br />
organizaciebis Camoyalibebis ufleba socialuri da<br />
ekonomikuri interesebis dacvis mizniT, agreTve, am<br />
organizaciebSi gaerTianebis Tavisufleba;<br />
� erToblivi konsultaciebis, koleqtiuri<br />
molaparakebebis, Serigebis meqanizmisa da<br />
nebayoflobiTi arbitraJis waxaliseba;<br />
� gaficvis ufleba.<br />
Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis sakiTxebi:<br />
� evropeli mSromelebisaTvis saimigracio reJimis<br />
gamartiveba;<br />
� ojaxis SemoerTebis ufleba;<br />
� ucxoeli ararezidentebis ufleba sagangebo<br />
daxmarebis Sesaxeb, repatriaciis CaTvliT;<br />
� proceduruli garantiebi qveynidan gaZevebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi.<br />
diskriminaciis dauSveblobis sakiTxebi:<br />
� qalebisa da kacebisaTvis Tanabari mopyrobisa da<br />
dasaqmebis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis ufleba;<br />
� qartiiT gamocxadebuli uflebebis yvela sferoSi<br />
diskriminaciis dauSveblobis garantia ganurCevlad<br />
rasisa, sqesisa, asakisa, kanis ferisa, enisa,<br />
religiisa, Sexedulebebisa, erovnebisa, socialuri<br />
warmomavlobisa, janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa,<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis kuTvnilebisa.<br />
socialuri uflebebis evropis komiteti<br />
socialuri uflebebis evropis komiteti (SemdgomSi<br />
komiteti) Tvals adevnebs monawile saxelmwifoebis mier<br />
aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebas. mis 12 damoukidebel<br />
da miukerZoebel wevrs irCevs evropis sabWos ministrTa<br />
komiteti 6 wlis vadiT, uflebamosilebis erTi vadiT<br />
gagrZelebis uflebiT. komiteti gansazRvravs, Seesabameba<br />
Tu ara qartias, iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, monawile<br />
saxelmwifSi arsebuli erovnuli mdgomareoba (qartiis<br />
muxli 24, Sevsebuli 1991 wlis turinis oqmiT).<br />
kontrolis procedura erovnuli<br />
moxsenebebis safuZvelze<br />
yovelwliurad, monawile saxelmwifoebi waradgenen<br />
komitetSi moxsenebas, romelSic aRwerilia qartiis<br />
mixedviT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesruleba, rogorc<br />
kanonmdeblobis, aseve praqtikis TvalsazrisiT. yoveli<br />
moxseneba exeba mxolod saxelmwifos mier qartiiT nakisr<br />
valdebulebebs.<br />
komiteti aanalizebs moxsenebebs da iRebs<br />
gadawyvetilebas erovnuli mdgomareobis qartiasTan<br />
Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb. aseT gadawyvetilebebs ewodeba<br />
„daskvnebi“. maTi gamoqveyneba xdeba yovelwliurad.<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifo ar iRebs zomebs socialuri<br />
uflebebis komitetis mier miTiTebul SeusabamobaTa aRmo-<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
531
safxvrelad, evropis sabWos ministrTa komiteti ugzavnis<br />
aRniSnul saxelmwifos rekomendacias, romelSic moiTxovs<br />
cvlilebebs kanonmdeblobaSi, an samarTlebriv praqtikaSi.<br />
ministrTa komitetis samuSao mzaddeba samTavrobo<br />
komitetSi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian qartiis<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebi da romelTac<br />
daxmarebas uweven evropis socialuri partniorebis 1<br />
warmomadgenlebi. maT miniWebuli aqvT damkvirvebelTa<br />
statusi.<br />
koleqtiuri saCivrebis procedura<br />
oqmi, romelic gaixsna xelmowerisaTvis 1995 wels da<br />
ZalaSi Sevida 1998 wels, iZleva evropis socialuri<br />
uflebebis komitetisadmi saCivrebiT mimarTvis saSualebas<br />
qartiis moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
organizaciebi romlebsac ufleba aqvT mimarTon komitets:<br />
_ saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romlebmac miiRes Sesabamisi<br />
procedura;<br />
1. profkavsirebis evropis konfederacia, sawarmoo<br />
konfederaciebisa da evropis mSromelTa kavSiri,<br />
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia.<br />
2. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebsac aqvT<br />
evropis sabWos konsultatis statusi da<br />
samTavrobo komitetis mier Seyvanilni arian<br />
Sesabamis siaSi;<br />
3. mSromelTa organizaciebi da Sesabamisi saxelmwifos<br />
profesiuli kavSirebi;<br />
_ saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romlebmac Sesabamisi<br />
procedurebis garda miiRes damatebiTi gadawyvetilebebi:<br />
4. nacionaluri arasamTavrobo organizaciebi.<br />
aRniSnuli saCivari unda Seicavdes:<br />
a) im organizaciis dasaxelebas da misamarTs,<br />
romelsac Seaqvs saCivari;<br />
b) im organizaciis warmomadgenlis Sesabamisi<br />
uflebamosilebebis damamtkicebeli sabuTs,<br />
romlic xels awers da romelsac Seaqvs<br />
saCivari;<br />
g) saxelmwifos dasaxelebas, romlis<br />
winaaRmdegac Sedis saCivari;<br />
d) qartiis im muxlze miTiTebas, romlis<br />
moTxovnebic, savaraudod, dairRva;<br />
e) saCivris obieqts, anu sakiTxs an sakiTxebs,<br />
romelTa mimarTac Sesabamisma saxelmwifom,<br />
savaraudod, daarRvia qartia; agreTve,<br />
aucilebel mtkicebulebebs da dokumentalur<br />
danarTebs.<br />
saCivris Setana warmoebs Tavisufali formiT, zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, an arsebuli<br />
formularis bazaze. 1 da 2 punqtebSi aRniSnuli<br />
organizaciebi saCivars waradgenen inglisur an<br />
frangul enaze. 3 da 4 punqtebSi moxseniebuli<br />
danarCeni organizaciebi saCivars wara-<br />
dgenen Sesabamisi saxelmwifos erT-erT oficialur enaze.<br />
saCivars ganixilavs komiteti, romelic, Tu saCivris<br />
wardgenis pirobebi Seesabameba moTxovnebs, iRebs<br />
gadawyvetilebas misi miRebis Sesaxeb.<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saCivari miRebuli iqna<br />
gansaxilvelad, iwyeba mxareTa azrebis gacvlis<br />
werilobiTi procedura. garda amisa, komitets SeuZlia<br />
Caataros sajaro ganxilva.<br />
SemdgomSi, komiteti iRebs gadawyvetilebas saCivris<br />
safuZvlianobis Sesaxeb. igi atyobinebs mxareebs da evropis<br />
sabWos ministrTa komitets Tavisi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb<br />
moxsenebaSi, romelic unda gamoqveyndes mxareebisTvis da<br />
ministrTa komitetisaTvis gadacemidan ara ugvianes 4<br />
Tvisa. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, komitets SeuZlia<br />
rekomendacia gauwios saxelmwifos, raTa gadadgas<br />
konkretuli nabijebi Seqmnili situaciis qartiis<br />
moTxovnilebebTan SesabamisobaSi mosayvanad.<br />
saxelmwifoebSi qartiis muxlebis<br />
Sesrulebis Sedegebi<br />
kontrolis meqanizmis moqmedebis Sedegad, saxelmwifoebi<br />
axorcieleben mravalricxovan cvlilebebs kanonmdeblobaSi<br />
da sakanonmdeblo praqtikaSi, raTa moiyvanon isini qartiis<br />
muxlebTan SesabamisobaSi. cvlilebebis detaluri aRweris<br />
xilva (iseve, rogorc maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebis)<br />
SesaZlebelia qartiis samdivnos yovelwliur publikaciaSi<br />
„Apercu“ (mimoxilva) (ix. qvemoT).<br />
damatebiTi informacia qartiis Sesaxeb<br />
� internetis monacemTa baza (http://hudoc.esc.coe.int) an<br />
CD-ROM, romlebic aadvilebs evropis komitetis<br />
precedentuli samarTlis kvlevas socialuri<br />
samarTlis sakiTxebze;<br />
� qartiis oficialuri veb-gverdi (www.esc.coe.int),<br />
sadac Tavmoyrilia saxelmwifoebis moxsenebebi da<br />
Sesabamisi informacia saxelmwifoebis mixedviT;<br />
� yovelwliuri publikacia „Apercu“ (mimoxilva),<br />
sadac Sekrebilia informacia monawile<br />
saxelmwifoebis erovnuli kanonmdeblobis<br />
qartiasTan Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb;<br />
� „Recueil de textes“ (teqstebis krebuli), sadac<br />
Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadi informacia qartiis Sesaxeb;<br />
� sistematurad ganaxlebadi bibliografia.<br />
evropis socialuri qartiis samdivno<br />
adamianis uflebaTa generaluri direqtorati<br />
evropis sabWo (Conseil de l’Europe)<br />
F-67075 Stasbourg Cedex<br />
social.charter@coe.int<br />
1 profkavSirebis evropis konfederacia, sawarmoo<br />
konfederaciebisa da evropis mSromelTa kavSiri, Sromis<br />
saerTaSoriso organizacia.<br />
532 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis CarCo konvencia<br />
momzadebulia evrosabWos wevri qveynebis<br />
xelmosawerad strasburgSi, 1995 w. 1 Tebervals.<br />
ZalaSi Sevida 1998 w. 1 Tebervals.<br />
konvencia aris pirveli Sesasruleblad<br />
savaldebulo dokumenti, romelic exeba<br />
umciresobaTa uflebebis dacvas zogadad. misi mizania<br />
daicvas erovnuli umciresebebis arseboba mxareebis<br />
Sesabamis teritoriaze. konvencia cdilobs<br />
daamkvidros umciresobebis sruli da efeqturi<br />
Tanasworoba saTanado pirobebis Seqmnis gziT,<br />
romelic saSualebas miscems maT SeinarCunon da<br />
ganaviTaron TavianTi kultura da TviTmyofadoba.<br />
konvencia ayalibebs erovnul umciresobebTan<br />
dakavSirebul principebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis<br />
sferoSi, rogoricaa:<br />
(Semoklebuli varianti)<br />
� diskriminaciis ararseboba<br />
� efeqturi Tanasworobis damkvidreba<br />
� kulturis, religiis, enis da tradiciebis<br />
SenarCuneba da ganviTareba<br />
� Tavisufali Sekrebis ufleba<br />
� asociaciebis Seqmnis ufleba<br />
� azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba<br />
� azris, sindisis da religiis Tavisufleba<br />
� mediis xelmisawvdomobis da gamoyenebis ufleba<br />
� enasTan da ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
Tavisuflebebi<br />
� sazRvrebSorisi kontaqtebi da TanamSromloba<br />
� ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul<br />
cxovrebaSi monawileoba<br />
� ZaldatanebiTi asimilaciis akrZalva<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
533
egionaluri enebis an enobriv uciresobaTa evropis qartia<br />
qartia, romlis teqsti Sedgenil iqna evropis adgilobrivi da regionaluri xelisuflebebis mudmivi konferenciis 1<br />
mier SemoTavazebuli dokumentis safuZvelze, konvenciis saxiT miRebul iqna 1992 wlis 25 ivliss evrosabWos<br />
ministrTa komitetis mier da xelmosawerad momzadda 1992 wlis 5 noembers strasburgSi. ZalaSi Sevida 1998 wlis 1<br />
marts.<br />
1. ra miznebs isaxavs qartia?<br />
qartia es aris konvencia regionaluri da umciresobaTa<br />
enebis, rogorc evropis kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />
nawilis, ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, romelsac ganadgurebis<br />
safrTxe emuqreba. misi pirveladi mizania kulturis<br />
SenarCuneba. is vrceldeba regionalur, uciresobaTa,<br />
arateritorialur da naklebad gamoyenebul oficialur<br />
enebze. qartia mowodebulia uzrunvelyos, ramdenadac es<br />
SesaZlebelia, regioanluri da unciresobaTa enebis<br />
gamoyeneba saganmanaTleblo sferoSi da masmediaSi,<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxados da xeli Seuwyos maT gamoyenebas<br />
sakanonmdeblo da administraciul konteqstSi, ekonomikur<br />
da socialur cxovrebaSi, kulturul sferoSi da<br />
sazRvrebs gareT urTierTobisTvis.<br />
qartia dafuZnebulia erovnuli suverenitetis da<br />
teritorialuri mTlianobis Sesabamis principebze.<br />
ificialur, regonalur an uciresobaTa enebs ar<br />
ganixilavs konkurenciis an antagonizmis TvalTaxedviT.<br />
erTis ganviTarebam xeli ar unda SeuSalos meoris<br />
codnas an gavrcelebas.<br />
gansazRvreba<br />
qartiis gansazRvrebiT, termini `regionaluri an<br />
umciresobaTa enebi~ aRniSnavs enebs, romlebic<br />
tradiciulad gamoiyeneba saxelmwifos mocemul<br />
teriotoriaze amave saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier,<br />
romlebic saxelwifos danarCen mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT<br />
gacilebiT mcirericxovan jgufs warmoadgenen da<br />
gansxvavdeba am saxelmwifos oficialuri enisagan<br />
(enebisagan); isini ar Seicaven saxelmwifo enis (enebis)<br />
dialeqtebs, an migrantebis enebs.<br />
termini `arateritorialuri enebi~ aRniSnavs enebs,<br />
romlebic gamoiyeneba saxelwifos mosaxleobis mier,<br />
gansxvavdeba saxelwifos danarCeni mosaxleobis enis an<br />
enebisagan da tradiciuli gamoyenebis miuxedvad<br />
SeuZlebelia misi dakavSireba romelime konkretul<br />
regionTan.<br />
yvela enisaTvis gamoyenebuli rva<br />
ZiriTadi principi<br />
(nawili II, muxli 7)<br />
� regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis, rogorc<br />
kulturuli simdidiris gamoxatvis saSualebis,<br />
aRiareba.<br />
� pativiscema nebismieri regionaluri an umciresobaTa<br />
enebis geografiuli raionisadmi.<br />
gadamwyveti zomebis miRebis aucilebloba regionaluri, an<br />
umciresobaTa enebis mxardasaWerad.<br />
� xelSewyoba da/an mxardaWera regionaluri an<br />
umciresobaTa enebis weriT an zepir metyvelebaSi,<br />
sazogadoebriv, an pirad cxovrebaSi gamosayeneblad.<br />
� Sesabamisi formebis da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofa<br />
aseTi enebis swavlebisaTvis swavlis yvela Sesatyvis<br />
stadiaze.<br />
� erovnebaTaSorisi gacvlis Sesabamisi formebis<br />
mxardaWera.<br />
� nebismieri gaumarTlebeli gansxvavebebis,<br />
gamonaklisebis, SezRudvebis an prioritetebis<br />
aRmofxvra, romelic dakavSirebulia regionaluri an<br />
umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebasTan da miznad isaxavs<br />
maTi SenarCunebis an ganviTarebis dabrkolebas, an<br />
safrTxis Seqmnas.<br />
� enobriv jgufebs Soris urTierTgagebis<br />
damkvidrebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba.<br />
2. ra valdebulebebs iReben<br />
saxelmwifoebi?<br />
qartia Sedgeba 2 ZiriTadi nawilisagan. zogadi nawili<br />
Seicavs principebs, romlebic moqmdebs yvela mxarisaTvis<br />
da yvela regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebisaTvis<br />
(nawili II); meore nawilSi CamoTvlilia konkretuli<br />
praqtikuli valdebulebebi, romlebic SesaZloa<br />
gansxvavebuli iyos saxelmwifos, an enis mixedviT (nawili<br />
III).<br />
II nawili ayalibebs ZiriTad principebs da amocanebs,<br />
romlebic warmoadgenen politikis safuZels da romlebic<br />
aucilebel pirobebs qmnian mocemuli enebis<br />
SenarCunebisaTvis.<br />
III nawili akonkretebs II nawilSi mkafio wesebis saxiT<br />
dafiqsirebul zogad principebs. es wesebi exeba<br />
ganaTlebis sferos, sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas,<br />
administraciul organoebs da saxelmwifo samsaxurebs,<br />
masmediis saSualebebs, kulturul RonisZiebebs da maTi<br />
uzrunvelyofis saSualebebs, ekonomikur da socialur<br />
cxovrebas da samTavrobaTaSoriso gacvlebs. monawile<br />
saxelwifoebi valdebulebas iReben III nawilis im<br />
debulebebis Sesrulebaze, romelsac maT xeli moaweres.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, maT unda gansazRvron enebi, romelTa<br />
mimarTac Tanaxma arian gamoiyenon es nawili, Semdeg maT<br />
unda gansazRvron yovel maTganTan dakavSirebuli minimum<br />
35 RonisZieba. bevri debuleba Seicavs gansxvavebuli<br />
simkacris mqone ramdenime variants, roelTagan erT-erTi<br />
SerCeul unda iqnas yoveli enis Sesabamisi mdgomareobis<br />
mixedviT. sakanonmdeblo bazis ganviTarebis, an finansuri<br />
mdgomareobis cvlilebis Sesabamisad rekomendirebulia<br />
monawileebma gaafarToon maTi valdebulebebis<br />
CamonaTvali.<br />
534 saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo
3. rogor SeiZleba vuzrunvelyoT<br />
valdebulebebis Sesruleba?<br />
qartia iTvaliswinebs monitoringis sistemas, romelic<br />
monawile qveynebs, evrosabWos da farTo sazogadoebas<br />
saSualebas aZlevs Tvali adevnos maT Sesrulebas.<br />
a) saxelmwofoTa angariSebi<br />
monawileebi sam weliwadSi erTxel evrosabWos<br />
generalur mdivans warudgenen periodul moxsenebebs maTi<br />
politikis da im zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic miiRes maT<br />
mier aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad. es<br />
moxsenebebi sajaroa da maTi teqstebi SesaZloa miiRoT<br />
Sesabamis saxelmwifoebSi an evrosabWoSi.<br />
b) damoukidebel eqspertTa komitetis<br />
moxseneba<br />
qartia iTvaliswinebs damoukidebel eqspertTa<br />
komitetis Seqmnas. mis SemadgenlobaSi yoveli monawile<br />
qveynidan erTi warmomadgeneli Sedis, romelic daniSnulia<br />
evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis mier maRali moraluri<br />
Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. eqspertTa komiteti pasuxs<br />
agebs qveynebis perioduli moxsenebebis ganxilvaze da aseve<br />
nebismieri sxva informaciis ganxilvaze, romelic<br />
warmodgenilia monawile qveyanaSi misi kanonmdeblobis<br />
Sesabamisad Seqmnili organos an asociaciis mier da avlens<br />
enebisadmi interess. eqspertTa komiteti amzadebs da<br />
warudgens ministrTa komitets sakuTar moxsenebas,<br />
romelic Seicavs winadadebebs da rekomendaciebs monawile<br />
qveynebisaTvis.<br />
g) ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciebi<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebisadmi<br />
eqspertTa komitetis moxsenebis ganxilvis Semdeg<br />
ministrTa komitetma SesaZloa miiRos gadawyvetileba misi<br />
gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mas aseve SeuZlia miiRos<br />
gadawyvetileba rekomendaciebis gacemis Taobaze monawile<br />
qveynebisaTvis aucilebeli zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb, raTa<br />
maTi politika, kanonmdebloba da praqtika Seesabamebodes<br />
maT valdebulebebs qartiis CarCoebSi.<br />
d)saparlamento asambleis monitoringi<br />
evrosabWos generaluri mdivani or weliwadSi erTxel<br />
saparlamento asambleas warudgens detalur moxsenebas<br />
qartiis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. es evropis parlamentis<br />
wevrebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs iyvnen informirebulni, raTa<br />
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ganaxorcielon zewola<br />
Sesabamisi qeynebis mTavrobebze da aiZulon isini miiRon<br />
adekvaturi zomebi.<br />
e) arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli<br />
saxelmwifoebma unda ganixilon arasamTavrobo<br />
orgnizaciebi, rogorc ZiriTadi partniorebi saerTo<br />
miznis _ enobrivi mravalferovnebis ganviTarebis _<br />
misaRwevad. isini mniSvnelovan rols asruleben, rogorc<br />
qartiis ratifikaciamde, aseve ratifikaciis Semdeg.<br />
ratifikaciamde isini unda daexmaron saxelmwifos<br />
Sesabamisi enebis da III nawilis im debulebebis SerCevaSi,<br />
romelTa gamoyenebac surT sakuTar teritoriaze. maTi<br />
roli monitoringis ganxorcielebaSi da movaleobebis<br />
SesrulebaSi gulisxmobs, rom maT unda acnobon eqspertTa<br />
komitets da erovnul mTavrobas nebismieri problemis<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebic SesaZloa wamoiWras saxelmwifos mier<br />
qartiis debulebebis Sesrulebis dros.<br />
damatebiTi informacia: evrosabWos generaluri<br />
direqtorati samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi, adgilobrivi da<br />
regionaluri demokratia (www.local.coe.int)<br />
1 mudmivi konferencia 1994 wels gadakeTda da daerqva evropis adgilobriv da regionalur xelisuflebaTa kongresi<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
535
anketa Sefasebisa da gamoxmaurebisaTvis<br />
am anketis Sevseba SegiZliaT internetSi Semdeg misamarTze: http://www.coe.int/hre<br />
Tqveni komentarebi dagvexmareba <strong>kompasi</strong>s axali gamocemis momzadebisas da momdevno seminarebis dasagegmad.<br />
<strong>kompasi</strong>s Seqmna warmoadgenda konsultaciebis, ganxilvebisa da masalebis aprobirebis SemoqmedebiT<br />
process. CvenTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania imis setyoba, Tu ramdenad exmaureba es masala maswavleblebisa da<br />
axalgazrda muSakebis moTxovnilebebs.<br />
1. me saxelmZRvaneloTi vsargeblob, rogorc ZiriTadad<br />
(moniSneT Tqveni pasuxi) � formaluri ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
� maswavlebeli � araformaluri ganaTlebis sferoSi<br />
� meTodisti<br />
� axalgazrduli muSaki romel doneze<br />
� axalgazrda muSakebis treneri � adgilobriv doneze, gTxovT, daazustoT<br />
� axalgazrduli jgufis xelmZRvaneli ................................................................................................<br />
� sxva rangSi......................................................................................... � nacionalur doneze, gTxovT daazustoT<br />
...............................................................................................<br />
� saerTaSoriso doneze<br />
asakobrivi jgufi (monawileTa umetesoba)<br />
� 15 wlamse<br />
� 15-dan 18 wlamde<br />
� 20-dan 25 wlamde<br />
� 25-dan 30 wlamde<br />
� 30 welze ufrosi<br />
� Sereuli jgufo<br />
Cemi organizaciis an institutis dasaxeleba<br />
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
2. saxelmZRvanelos sesaxeb me gavige / saxelmZRvanelo momca<br />
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
3. muSaobisas viyenebdi saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg Tavebs da savarjiSoebs<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
4. CemTvis yvelase sasargeblo Tavebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
imitom, rom<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
5. CemTvis yvelaze naklebad sasargeblo nawili da savarjiSo<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
imitom, rom<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................<br />
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT . evropis sabWo<br />
537
6. saxelmZRvanelos saerTo struqturis Cemi Sefaseba<br />
usargebloa 1 2 3 4 5 uaRresad sasargebloa<br />
7. saxelmZRvaneloSi masalebis ganTavsebis Cemi Sefaseba<br />
areulia 1 2 3 4 5 Zalze dalagebulia<br />
8. saxelmZRvaneloSi ganTavsebuli damatebiTi informaciis Cemi Sefaseba<br />
araa sakmarisi 1 2 3 4 5 amomwuravia<br />
9. savarjiSoebis reitingi<br />
cudi 1 2 3 4 5 saukeTeso<br />
10. es masala daexmara monawileebs CamoeyalibebinaT Temis sabazo Secnoba<br />
ara 1 2 3 4 5 gaaRrmaves monawileebis codna<br />
11. am masalebma gavlena moaxdines monawileebis Sexedulebebze da ubiZges maT emuSavaT sakuTar Tavze<br />
ara 1 2 3 4 5 Secvales monawileebis Sexedulebebi<br />
12. arseboben faqtiuri Secdomebi/ Cemi azriT, uadgilo ilustraciebi/ azrebi, romlebsac me ar<br />
veTanxmebi, magaliTad<br />
13. mTliani saxelmZRvanelos xelaxali gadasinjvis SemTxvevaSi Cemi rekomendacia iqneboda:<br />
14. calkeulo Tavebisa da savarjiSoebis xelaxali gadasinjvis SemTxvevaSi Cemi rekomendacia iqneboda:<br />
15. sxva resursebi, romelTa xilvasac visurvebdi saxelmZRvaneloSi (saTauris, avtoris, gamomcemlobis,<br />
enis CaTvliT)<br />
16. damatebiTi komentarebi<br />
saxeli, gvari, mamis saxeli<br />
gTxovT, es anketa gaagzavnoT Semdeg misamarTze:<br />
European Youth Center Budapest, Zivatar u. 1-3, H-1024 Budapest, Hungary<br />
Fax; +361 2124076, E-mail: eycb.secretariat@coe.int
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